Add blank line to avoid renumbering all line numbers in the pot file.

[text-free-culture-lessig.git] / freeculture.pot

diff --git a/freeculture.pot b/freeculture.pot
index 867978fd993f1c98d0f167affd89317a73b7b9b2..131df178c4c75658da10253796c3a4b0882e7c91 100644 (file)
--- a/freeculture.pot
+++ b/freeculture.pot
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"

-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-21 22:20+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-22 07:53+0300\n"

 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"


@@ -17,319 +17,252 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 #. type: Content of the copy entity
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 #. type: Content of the copy entity

-#: freeculture.xml:13
+#: freeculture.xml:12

 msgid "©"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
 msgid "©"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>

-#: freeculture.xml:19
+#: freeculture.xml:15

 msgid "en"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
 msgid "en"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:21
+#: freeculture.xml:17

 msgid "Free Culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
 msgid "Free Culture"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>

-#: freeculture.xml:23
+#: freeculture.xml:19

 msgid "<abbrev>\"freeculture\"</abbrev>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subtitle>
 msgid "<abbrev>\"freeculture\"</abbrev>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subtitle>

-#: freeculture.xml:25
+#: freeculture.xml:21
+msgid ""
+"How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture and control "
+"creativity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
+#: freeculture.xml:24
+msgid "<pubdate>2004-03-25</pubdate> <edition>1</edition>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
+#: freeculture.xml:28

 msgid "Version 2004-02-10"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
 msgid "Version 2004-02-10"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>

-#: freeculture.xml:29
+#: freeculture.xml:32

 msgid "Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
 msgid "Lawrence"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>

-#: freeculture.xml:30
+#: freeculture.xml:33

 msgid "Lessig"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Lessig"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
-#: freeculture.xml:34
-msgid ""
-"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder> Lawrence Lessig.  This version of "
-"Free Culture is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license "
-"permits non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given.  "
-"For more information about the license, click the icon above, or visit "
-"<ulink "
-"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</ulink> "
-"</holder> </copyright>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:49
-msgid "ABOUT THE AUTHOR"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:51
-msgid ""
-"LAWRENCE LESSIG (<ulink "
-"url=\"http://www.lessig.org/\">http://www.lessig.org</ulink>), professor of "
-"law and a John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar at Stanford Law "
-"School, is founder of the Stanford Center for Internet and Society and is "
-"chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink "
-"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>).  "
-"The author of The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other "
-"Laws of Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of "
-"the Public Library of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and "
-"Public Knowledge. He was the winner of the Free Software Foundation's Award "
-"for the Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's \"e.biz "
-"25,\" and named one of Scientific American's \"50 visionaries.\" A graduate "
-"of the University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, and Yale Law "
-"School, Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of the U.S. Seventh Circuit "
-"Court of Appeals."
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subjectset><subject><subjectterm>
+#: freeculture.xml:56
+msgid "Intellectual property&mdash;United States."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:72
-msgid "Info"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subjectset><subject><subjectterm>
+#: freeculture.xml:59
+msgid "Mass media&mdash;United States."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:76
-msgid "You can buy a copy of this book by clicking on one of the links below:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subjectset><subject><subjectterm>
+#: freeculture.xml:62
+msgid "Technological innovations&mdash;United States."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:79
-msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.amazon.com/\">Amazon</ulink>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><subjectset><subject><subjectterm>
+#: freeculture.xml:65
+msgid "Art&mdash;United States."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:80
-msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.barnesandnoble.com/\">B&amp;N</ulink>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address>
+#: freeculture.xml:72
+#, no-wrap
+msgid "<city>Oslo</city>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:81
-msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.penguin.com/\">Penguin</ulink>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
+#: freeculture.xml:70
+msgid ""
+"<publisher> <publishername>Petter Reinholdtsen</publishername> <placeholder "
+"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher> <copyright> <year>2004</year> "
+"<holder>Lawrence Lessig</holder> </copyright>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:88
-msgid "ALSO BY LAWRENCE LESSIG"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject>
+#: freeculture.xml:82
+msgid ""
+"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"images/cc.png\" contentdepth=\"3em\" "
+"width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"/> </imageobject> <imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"images/cc.svg\" contentdepth=\"3em\" width=\"100%\" "
+"align=\"center\"/> </imageobject>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:91
-msgid "The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: freeculture.xml:89
+msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:95
-msgid "Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:81
+msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:100 freeculture.xml:123
-msgid "THE PENGUIN PRESS"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:95 freeculture.xml:15723
+msgid ""
+"This book is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license permits "
+"non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given.  For more "
+"information about the license visit <ulink "
+"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</ulink>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><title>

 #: freeculture.xml:103
 #: freeculture.xml:103

-msgid "NEW YORK"
+msgid "About the author"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:108
-msgid "FREE CULTURE"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:112
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:105

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"HOW BIG MEDIA USES TECHNOLOGY AND THE LAW TO LOCK DOWN CULTURE AND CONTROL "
-"CREATIVITY"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:118
-msgid "LAWRENCE LESSIG"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"Lawrence Lessig (<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig.org</ulink>), professor of "
+"law and a Roy L. Furman Professor of Law and Leadership at Harvard Law "
+"School, is founder of the Stanford Center for Internet and Society and is "
+"chairman of the Creative Commons (<ulink "
+"url=\"http://creativecommons.org\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>).  The "
+"author of The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) and Code: And Other Laws "
+"of Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
+"Public Library of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and Public "
+"Knowledge. He was the winner of the Free Software Foundation's Award for the "
+"Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's <quote>e.biz "
+"25,</quote> and named one of Scientific American's <quote>50 "
+"visionaries.</quote> A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge "
+"University, and Yale Law School, Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of "
+"the U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  testing different ways to tag the cover page 
+#
+#.    <imageobject remap="s" role="front">
+#
+#.      <imagedata fileref="images/cover_thumbnail.png" format="PNG" width="444" />
+#.    </imageobject>
+#.    <imageobject remap="xs" role="front-small">
+#.      <imagedata fileref="images/cover_thumbnail.png" format="PNG" width="444" />
+#.    </imageobject>
+#.    <imageobject remap="cs" role="thumbnail">
+#.      <imagedata fileref="images/cover_thumbnail.png" format="PNG" width="444" />
+#.    </imageobject>
+#
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><mediaobject>

 #: freeculture.xml:126
 #: freeculture.xml:126

-msgid "a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.  375 Hudson Street New York, New York"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:130
-msgid "Copyright &copy; Lawrence Lessig,"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:133
-msgid "All rights reserved"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:136

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Excerpt from an editorial titled \"The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,\" The "
-"New York Times, January 16, 2003. Copyright &copy; 2003 by The New York "
-"Times Co.  Reprinted with permission."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:141
-msgid "Cartoon by Paul Conrad on page 159. Copyright Tribune Media Services, Inc."
+"<imageobject remap=\"lrg\" role=\"front-large\"> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"images/cover.png\" format=\"PNG\" width=\"444\" /> </imageobject>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:144
-msgid "All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:147
-msgid ""
-"Diagram on page 164 courtesy of the office of FCC Commissioner, Michael "
-"J. Copps."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:150
-msgid "Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:153
+#.  LCCN from
+#.      http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v3=1&DB=local&CMD=010a+2003063276&CNT=10+records+per+page
+#.      
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
+#: freeculture.xml:124

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lessig, Lawrence.  Free culture : how big media uses technology and the law "
-"to lock down culture and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:158
-msgid "p. cm."
+"  <placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/> <biblioid "
+"class=\"isbn\">978-82-8067-010-6</biblioid> <biblioid "
+"class=\"libraryofcongress\">2003063276</biblioid> <biblioid "
+"class=\"uri\">http://free-culture.cc/</biblioid>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:161
-msgid "Includes index."
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:155
+msgid "Also by Lawrence Lessig"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:164
-msgid "ISBN 1-59420-006-8 (hardcover)"
+#.  2014 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:162
+msgid "The USA is lesterland: The nature of congressional corruption"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:167
-msgid ""
-"1. Intellectual property&mdash;United States. 2. Mass media&mdash;United "
-"States."
+#.  2011, 2012 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:166
+msgid "Republic, lost: How money corrupts Congress - and a plan to stop it"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#.  2008 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>

 #: freeculture.xml:170
 #: freeculture.xml:170

-msgid ""
-"3. Technological innovations&mdash;United States. 4. Art&mdash;United "
-"States. I. Title."
+msgid "Remix: Making art and commerce thrive in the hybrid economy"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:173
-msgid "KF2979.L47"
+#.  2006 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:174
+msgid "Code: Version 2.0"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:176
-msgid "343.7309'9&mdash;dc22"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:179
-msgid "This book is printed on acid-free paper."
+#.  2001, 2002 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:178
+msgid "The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#.  1999 
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><itemizedlist><listitem><para>

 #: freeculture.xml:182
 #: freeculture.xml:182

-msgid "Printed in the United States of America"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:185
-msgid "1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:188
-msgid "Designed by Marysarah Quinn"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:192
-msgid "&translationblock;"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:196
-msgid ""
-"Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this "
-"publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval "
-"system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, "
-"photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission "
-"of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.  The "
-"scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via "
-"any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and "
-"punishable by law.  Please purchase only authorized electronic editions and "
-"do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted "
-"materials. Your support of the author's rights is appreciated."
+msgid "Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:211
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:195

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"To Eric Eldred&mdash;whose work first drew me to this cause, and for whom it "
-"continues still."
+"To Eric Eldred &mdash; whose work first drew me to this cause, and for whom "
+"it continues still."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:216
-msgid "Creative Commons, Some rights reserved"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:217
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/cc.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><lot><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:205
+msgid "List of figures"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><lot><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:223
-msgid "List of figures"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:267
+msgid "Preface"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:286
-msgid "PREFACE"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:268
+msgid "Pogue, David"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:288
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:270

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"At the end of his review of my first book, Code: And Other Laws of "
-"Cyberspace, David Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of countless "
-"technical and computer-related texts, wrote this:"
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">At the end</emphasis> of his review of my first "
+"book, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle>, David "
+"Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of countless technical and "
+"computer-related texts, wrote this:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:298
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:281

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" New York Times, 30 January "
-"2000."
+"David Pogue, <quote>Don't Just Chat, Do Something,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 30 January 2000."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:294
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:277

 msgid ""
 "Unlike actual law, Internet software has no capacity to punish. It doesn't "
 "affect people who aren't online (and only a tiny minority of the world "
 msgid ""
 "Unlike actual law, Internet software has no capacity to punish. It doesn't "
 "affect people who aren't online (and only a tiny minority of the world "


@@ -337,100 +270,122 @@ msgid ""
 "flip off the modem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "flip off the modem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:303
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:286

 msgid ""
 "Pogue was skeptical of the core argument of the book&mdash;that software, or "
 msgid ""
 "Pogue was skeptical of the core argument of the book&mdash;that software, or "

-"\"code,\" functioned as a kind of law&mdash;and his review suggested the "
-"happy thought that if life in cyberspace got bad, we could always \"drizzle, "
-"drazzle, druzzle, drome\"-like simply flip a switch and be back home. Turn "
-"off the modem, unplug the computer, and any troubles that exist in that "
-"space wouldn't \"affect\" us anymore."
+"<quote>code,</quote> functioned as a kind of law&mdash;and his review "
+"suggested the happy thought that if life in cyberspace got bad, we could "
+"always <quote>drizzle, drazzle, druzzle, drome</quote>-like simply flip a "
+"switch and be back home. Turn off the modem, unplug the computer, and any "
+"troubles that exist in <emphasis>that</emphasis> space wouldn't "
+"<quote>affect</quote> us anymore."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 12 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:311
+#. PAGE BREAK 12
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:295

 msgid ""
 "Pogue might have been right in 1999&mdash;I'm skeptical, but maybe.  But "
 msgid ""
 "Pogue might have been right in 1999&mdash;I'm skeptical, but maybe.  But "

-"even if he was right then, the point is not right now: Free Culture is about "
-"the troubles the Internet causes even after the modem is turned off. It is "
-"an argument about how the battles that now rage regarding life on-line have "
-"fundamentally affected \"people who aren't online.\" There is no switch that "
-"will insulate us from the Internet's effect."
+"even if he was right then, the point is not right now: <citetitle>Free "
+"Culture</citetitle> is about the troubles the Internet causes even after the "
+"modem is turned off. It is an argument about how the battles that now rage "
+"regarding life on-line have fundamentally affected <quote>people who aren't "
+"online.</quote> There is no switch that will insulate us from the Internet's "
+"effect."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:320
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:306

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But unlike Code, the argument here is not much about the Internet itself. It "
-"is instead about the consequence of the Internet to a part of our tradition "
-"that is much more fundamental, and, as hard as this is for a geek-wanna-be "
-"to admit, much more important."
+"But unlike <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, the argument here is not much about "
+"the Internet itself. It is instead about the consequence of the Internet to "
+"a part of our tradition that is much more fundamental, and, as hard as this "
+"is for a geek-wanna-be to admit, much more important."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:331
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:318

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Richard M. Stallman, Free Software, Free Societies 57 (Joshua Gay, "
-"ed. 2002)."
+"Richard M. Stallman, <citetitle>Free Software, Free Societies</citetitle> 57 "
+"(Joshua Gay, ed. 2002)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:326
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:313

 msgid ""
 "That tradition is the way our culture gets made. As I explain in the pages "
 msgid ""
 "That tradition is the way our culture gets made. As I explain in the pages "

-"that follow, we come from a tradition of \"free culture\"&mdash;not \"free\" "
-"as in \"free beer\" (to borrow a phrase from the founder of the free "
-"software movement<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), but \"free\" as "
-"in \"free speech,\" \"free markets,\" \"free trade,\" \"free enterprise,\" "
-"\"free will,\" and \"free elections.\" A free culture supports and protects "
-"creators and innovators. It does this directly by granting intellectual "
-"property rights. But it does so indirectly by limiting the reach of those "
-"rights, to guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain as free "
-"as possible from the control of the past. A free culture is not a culture "
-"without property, just as a free market is not a market in which everything "
-"is free. The opposite of a free culture is a \"permission culture\"&mdash;a "
-"culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the "
-"powerful, or of creators from the past."
+"that follow, we come from a tradition of <quote>free "
+"culture</quote>&mdash;not <quote>free</quote> as in <quote>free beer</quote> "
+"(to borrow a phrase from the founder of the free software "
+"movement<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), but <quote>free</quote> "
+"as in <quote>free speech,</quote> <quote>free markets,</quote> <quote>free "
+"trade,</quote> <quote>free enterprise,</quote> <quote>free will,</quote> and "
+"<quote>free elections.</quote> A free culture supports and protects creators "
+"and innovators. It does this directly by granting intellectual property "
+"rights. But it does so indirectly by limiting the reach of those rights, to "
+"guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain <emphasis>as free as "
+"possible</emphasis> from the control of the past. A free culture is not a "
+"culture without property, just as a free market is not a market in which "
+"everything is free. The opposite of a free culture is a <quote>permission "
+"culture</quote>&mdash;a culture in which creators get to create only with "
+"the permission of the powerful, or of creators from the past."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:333
+msgid ""
+"If we understood this change, I believe we would resist it. Not "
+"<quote>we</quote> on the Left or <quote>you</quote> on the Right, but we who "
+"have no stake in the particular industries of culture that defined the "
+"twentieth century.  Whether you are on the Left or the Right, if you are in "
+"this sense disinterested, then the story I tell here will trouble you. For "
+"the changes I describe affect values that both sides of our political "
+"culture deem fundamental."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:345
-msgid ""
-"If we understood this change, I believe we would resist it. Not \"we\" on "
-"the Left or \"you\" on the Right, but we who have no stake in the particular "
-"industries of culture that defined the twentieth century.  Whether you are "
-"on the Left or the Right, if you are in this sense disinterested, then the "
-"story I tell here will trouble you. For the changes I describe affect values "
-"that both sides of our political culture deem fundamental."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:341 freeculture.xml:995
+msgid "power, concentration of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:353 freeculture.xml:12749
+#: freeculture.xml:342 freeculture.xml:13833

 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:355
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:343 freeculture.xml:364 freeculture.xml:13834
+msgid "Safire, William"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:344
+msgid "Stevens, Ted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:346

 msgid ""
 "We saw a glimpse of this bipartisan outrage in the early summer of 2003. As "
 "the FCC considered changes in media ownership rules that would relax limits "
 "on media concentration, an extraordinary coalition generated more than "
 "700,000 letters to the FCC opposing the change.  As William Safire described "
 msgid ""
 "We saw a glimpse of this bipartisan outrage in the early summer of 2003. As "
 "the FCC considered changes in media ownership rules that would relax limits "
 "on media concentration, an extraordinary coalition generated more than "
 "700,000 letters to the FCC opposing the change.  As William Safire described "

-"marching \"uncomfortably alongside CodePink Women for Peace and the National "
-"Rifle Association, between liberal Olympia Snowe and conservative Ted "
-"Stevens,\" he formulated perhaps most simply just what was at stake: the "
-"concentration of power. And as he asked,"
+"marching <quote>uncomfortably alongside CodePink Women for Peace and the "
+"National Rifle Association, between liberal Olympia Snowe and conservative "
+"Ted Stevens,</quote> he formulated perhaps most simply just what was at "
+"stake: the concentration of power. And as he asked,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:371
-msgid "William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" New York Times, 22 May 2003."
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:362
+msgid ""
+"William Safire, <quote>The Great Media Gulp,</quote> <citetitle>New York "
+"Times</citetitle>, 22 May 2003.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:367
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:358

 msgid ""
 "Does that sound unconservative? Not to me. The concentration of "
 "power&mdash;political, corporate, media, cultural&mdash;should be anathema "
 msgid ""
 "Does that sound unconservative? Not to me. The concentration of "
 "power&mdash;political, corporate, media, cultural&mdash;should be anathema "


@@ -439,27 +394,34 @@ msgid ""
 "greatest expression of democracy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "greatest expression of democracy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:377
-msgid ""
-"This idea is an element of the argument of Free Culture, though my focus is "
-"not just on the concentration of power produced by concentrations in "
-"ownership, but more importantly, if because less visibly, on the "
-"concentration of power produced by a radical change in the effective scope "
-"of the law. The law is changing; that change is altering the way our culture "
-"gets made; that change should worry you&mdash;whether or not you care about "
-"the Internet, and whether you're on Safire's left or on his right.  The "
-"inspiration for the title and for much of the argument of this book comes "
-"from the work of Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. Indeed, "
-"as I reread Stallman's own work, especially the essays in Free Software, "
-"Free Society, I realize that all of the theoretical insights I develop here "
-"are insights Stallman described decades ago. One could thus well argue that "
-"this work is \"merely\" derivative."
-msgstr ""
-
-#.  PAGE BREAK 14 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:393
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:369
+msgid ""
+"This idea is an element of the argument of <citetitle>Free "
+"Culture</citetitle>, though my focus is not just on the concentration of "
+"power produced by concentrations in ownership, but more importantly, if "
+"because less visibly, on the concentration of power produced by a radical "
+"change in the effective scope of the law. The law is changing; that change "
+"is altering the way our culture gets made; that change should worry "
+"you&mdash;whether or not you care about the Internet, and whether you're on "
+"Safire's left or on his right."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:380
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">The inspiration</emphasis> for the title and for "
+"much of the argument of this book comes from the work of Richard Stallman "
+"and the Free Software Foundation. Indeed, as I reread Stallman's own work, "
+"especially the essays in <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, "
+"I realize that all of the theoretical insights I develop here are insights "
+"Stallman described decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is "
+"<quote>merely</quote> derivative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. PAGE BREAK 14
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:389

 msgid ""
 "I accept that criticism, if indeed it is a criticism. The work of a lawyer "
 "is always derivative, and I mean to do nothing more in this book than to "
 msgid ""
 "I accept that criticism, if indeed it is a criticism. The work of a lawyer "
 "is always derivative, and I mean to do nothing more in this book than to "


@@ -476,8 +438,8 @@ msgid ""
 "freedom. Anarchy is not what I advance here."
 msgstr ""
 
 "freedom. Anarchy is not what I advance here."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:411
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:407

 msgid ""
 "Instead, the free culture that I defend in this book is a balance between "
 "anarchy and control. A free culture, like a free market, is filled with "
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the free culture that I defend in this book is a balance between "
 "anarchy and control. A free culture, like a free market, is filled with "


@@ -489,26 +451,51 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:426
-msgid "INTRODUCTION"
+#: freeculture.xml:422
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:423 freeculture.xml:526 freeculture.xml:984
+msgid "Wright brothers"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:428
+#: freeculture.xml:425

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"On December 17, 1903, on a windy North Carolina beach for just shy of one "
-"hundred seconds, the Wright brothers demonstrated that a heavier-than-air, "
-"self-propelled vehicle could fly. The moment was electric and its importance "
-"widely understood. Almost immediately, there was an explosion of interest in "
-"this newfound technology of manned flight, and a gaggle of innovators began "
-"to build upon it."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">On December 17</emphasis>, 1903, on a windy North "
+"Carolina beach for just shy of one hundred seconds, the Wright brothers "
+"demonstrated that a heavier-than-air, self-propelled vehicle could fly. The "
+"moment was electric and its importance widely understood. Almost "
+"immediately, there was an explosion of interest in this newfound technology "
+"of manned flight, and a gaggle of innovators began to build upon it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:432
+msgid "air traffic, land ownership vs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:433 freeculture.xml:14857
+msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:434 freeculture.xml:4660 freeculture.xml:13736 freeculture.xml:14858
+msgid "property rights"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:434 freeculture.xml:14858
+msgid "air traffic vs."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #: freeculture.xml:440
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #: freeculture.xml:440
 msgid ""

-"St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 3 (South Hackensack, N.J.: "
-"Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."
+"St. George Tucker, <citetitle>Blackstone's Commentaries</citetitle> 3 (South "
+"Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>


@@ -517,15 +504,15 @@ msgid ""
 "At the time the Wright brothers invented the airplane, American law held "
 "that a property owner presumptively owned not just the surface of his land, "
 "but all the land below, down to the center of the earth, and all the space "
 "At the time the Wright brothers invented the airplane, American law held "
 "that a property owner presumptively owned not just the surface of his land, "
 "but all the land below, down to the center of the earth, and all the space "

-"above, to \"an indefinite extent, upwards.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> For many years, scholars had puzzled about how best to interpret "
-"the idea that rights in land ran to the heavens. Did that mean that you "
-"owned the stars? Could you prosecute geese for their willful and regular "
-"trespass?"
+"above, to <quote>an indefinite extent, upwards.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For many years, scholars had puzzled about how "
+"best to interpret the idea that rights in land ran to the heavens. Did that "
+"mean that you owned the stars? Could you prosecute geese for their willful "
+"and regular trespass?"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:449
+#: freeculture.xml:450

 msgid ""
 "Then came airplanes, and for the first time, this principle of American "
 "law&mdash;deep within the foundations of our tradition, and acknowledged by "
 msgid ""
 "Then came airplanes, and for the first time, this principle of American "
 "law&mdash;deep within the foundations of our tradition, and acknowledged by "


@@ -537,17 +524,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:457 freeculture.xml:470 freeculture.xml:501 freeculture.xml:520 freeculture.xml:916 freeculture.xml:933 freeculture.xml:983 freeculture.xml:8767 freeculture.xml:12146 freeculture.xml:12851
+#: freeculture.xml:458 freeculture.xml:471 freeculture.xml:504 freeculture.xml:524 freeculture.xml:710 freeculture.xml:837 freeculture.xml:964 freeculture.xml:982 freeculture.xml:1030 freeculture.xml:9585 freeculture.xml:13152 freeculture.xml:13937

 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:458 freeculture.xml:471 freeculture.xml:502 freeculture.xml:521 freeculture.xml:917 freeculture.xml:934 freeculture.xml:984 freeculture.xml:8768 freeculture.xml:12147 freeculture.xml:12852
+#: freeculture.xml:459 freeculture.xml:472 freeculture.xml:505 freeculture.xml:525 freeculture.xml:711 freeculture.xml:838 freeculture.xml:965 freeculture.xml:983 freeculture.xml:1031 freeculture.xml:9586 freeculture.xml:13153 freeculture.xml:13938

 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgid "Causby, Tinie"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:460
+#: freeculture.xml:461

 msgid ""
 "In 1945, these questions became a federal case. When North Carolina farmers "
 "Thomas Lee and Tinie Causby started losing chickens because of low-flying "
 msgid ""
 "In 1945, these questions became a federal case. When North Carolina farmers "
 "Thomas Lee and Tinie Causby started losing chickens because of low-flying "


@@ -555,39 +542,55 @@ msgid ""
 "walls and died), the Causbys filed a lawsuit saying that the government was "
 "trespassing on their land. The airplanes, of course, never touched the "
 "surface of the Causbys' land. But if, as Blackstone, Kent, and Coke had "
 "walls and died), the Causbys filed a lawsuit saying that the government was "
 "trespassing on their land. The airplanes, of course, never touched the "
 "surface of the Causbys' land. But if, as Blackstone, Kent, and Coke had "

-"said, their land reached to \"an indefinite extent, upwards,\" then the "
-"government was trespassing on their property, and the Causbys wanted it to "
-"stop."
+"said, their land reached to <quote>an indefinite extent, upwards,</quote> "
+"then the government was trespassing on their property, and the Causbys "
+"wanted it to stop."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

 #: freeculture.xml:473
 #: freeculture.xml:473

+msgid "Douglas, William O."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:474 freeculture.xml:4549 freeculture.xml:5151 freeculture.xml:8898 freeculture.xml:14245
+msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:474
+msgid "on airspace vs. land rights"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:476

 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court agreed to hear the Causbys' case. Congress had declared "
 "the airways public, but if one's property really extended to the heavens, "
 "then Congress's declaration could well have been an unconstitutional "
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court agreed to hear the Causbys' case. Congress had declared "
 "the airways public, but if one's property really extended to the heavens, "
 "then Congress's declaration could well have been an unconstitutional "

-"\"taking\" of property without compensation. The Court acknowledged that "
-"\"it is ancient doctrine that common law ownership of the land extended to "
-"the periphery of the universe.\" But Justice Douglas had no patience for "
-"ancient doctrine. In a single paragraph, hundreds of years of property law "
-"were erased. As he wrote for the Court,"
+"<quote>taking</quote> of property without compensation. The Court "
+"acknowledged that <quote>it is ancient doctrine that common law ownership of "
+"the land extended to the periphery of the universe.</quote> But Justice "
+"Douglas had no patience for ancient doctrine. In a single paragraph, "
+"hundreds of years of property law were erased. As he wrote for the Court,"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:493
+#: freeculture.xml:496

 msgid ""
 "United States v. Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. The Court did find that "
 msgid ""
 "United States v. Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. The Court did find that "

-"there could be a \"taking\" if the government's use of its land effectively "
-"destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was suggested to me "
-"by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, \"(Intellectual)  Property and Sovereignty: "
-"Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,\" Stanford Law Review 48 "
-"(1996): 1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, Real Property (Mineola, N.Y.: "
-"Foundation Press, 1984), 1112&ndash;13.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"there could be a <quote>taking</quote> if the government's use of its land "
+"effectively destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was "
+"suggested to me by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, <quote>(Intellectual)  "
+"Property and Sovereignty: Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of "
+"Authorship,</quote> <citetitle>Stanford Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1996): "
+"1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Real Property</citetitle> "
+"(Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press, 1984), 1112&ndash;13.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:484
+#: freeculture.xml:487

 msgid ""
 "[The] doctrine has no place in the modern world. The air is a public "
 "highway, as Congress has declared. Were that not true, every "
 msgid ""
 "[The] doctrine has no place in the modern world. The air is a public "
 "highway, as Congress has declared. Were that not true, every "


@@ -600,26 +603,26 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:507
-msgid "\"Common sense revolts at the idea.\""
+#: freeculture.xml:510
+msgid "<quote>Common sense revolts at the idea.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 18 
+#. PAGE BREAK 18

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:510
+#: freeculture.xml:514

 msgid ""
 "This is how the law usually works. Not often this abruptly or impatiently, "
 "but eventually, this is how it works. It was Douglas's style not to "
 "dither. Other justices would have blathered on for pages to reach the "
 msgid ""
 "This is how the law usually works. Not often this abruptly or impatiently, "
 "but eventually, this is how it works. It was Douglas's style not to "
 "dither. Other justices would have blathered on for pages to reach the "

-"conclusion that Douglas holds in a single line: \"Common sense revolts at "
-"the idea.\" But whether it takes pages or a few words, it is the special "
-"genius of a common law system, as ours is, that the law adjusts to the "
-"technologies of the time. And as it adjusts, it changes. Ideas that were as "
-"solid as rock in one age crumble in another."
+"conclusion that Douglas holds in a single line: <quote>Common sense revolts "
+"at the idea.</quote> But whether it takes pages or a few words, it is the "
+"special genius of a common law system, as ours is, that the law adjusts to "
+"the technologies of the time. And as it adjusts, it changes. Ideas that were "
+"as solid as rock in one age crumble in another."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:523
+#: freeculture.xml:528

 msgid ""
 "Or at least, this is how things happen when there's no one powerful on the "
 "other side of the change. The Causbys were just farmers. And though there "
 msgid ""
 "Or at least, this is how things happen when there's no one powerful on the "
 "other side of the change. The Causbys were just farmers. And though there "


@@ -629,38 +632,65 @@ msgid ""
 "the technology, that the Wright brothers had birthed. The Wright brothers "
 "spat airplanes into the technological meme pool; the idea then spread like a "
 "virus in a chicken coop; farmers like the Causbys found themselves "
 "the technology, that the Wright brothers had birthed. The Wright brothers "
 "spat airplanes into the technological meme pool; the idea then spread like a "
 "virus in a chicken coop; farmers like the Causbys found themselves "

-"surrounded by \"what seemed reasonable\" given the technology that the "
-"Wrights had produced.  They could stand on their farms, dead chickens in "
-"hand, and shake their fists at these newfangled technologies all they "
-"wanted.  They could call their representatives or even file a lawsuit. But "
-"in the end, the force of what seems \"obvious\" to everyone else&mdash;the "
-"power of \"common sense\"&mdash;would prevail. Their \"private interest\" "
-"would not be allowed to defeat an obvious public gain."
+"surrounded by <quote>what seemed reasonable</quote> given the technology "
+"that the Wrights had produced.  They could stand on their farms, dead "
+"chickens in hand, and shake their fists at these newfangled technologies all "
+"they wanted.  They could call their representatives or even file a "
+"lawsuit. But in the end, the force of what seems <quote>obvious</quote> to "
+"everyone else&mdash;the power of <quote>common sense</quote>&mdash;would "
+"prevail. Their <quote>private interest</quote> would not be allowed to "
+"defeat an obvious public gain."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:549 freeculture.xml:9593 freeculture.xml:10288
+msgid "Armstrong, Edwin Howard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:550
+msgid "Bell, Alexander Graham"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:551
+msgid "Edison, Thomas"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

 #: freeculture.xml:552
 msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: freeculture.xml:552
 msgid "Faraday, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:541
-msgid ""
-"Edwin Howard Armstrong is one of America's forgotten inventor geniuses. He "
-"came to the great American inventor scene just after the titans Thomas "
-"Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. But his work in the area of radio "
-"technology was perhaps the most important of any single inventor in the "
-"first fifty years of radio. He was better educated than Michael Faraday, who "
-"as a bookbinder's apprentice had discovered electric induction in 1831. But "
-"he had the same intuition about how the world of radio worked, and on at "
-"least three occasions, Armstrong invented profoundly important technologies "
-"that advanced our understanding of radio.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:553 freeculture.xml:4290 freeculture.xml:6832 freeculture.xml:10195
+msgid "radio"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:553 freeculture.xml:6832
+msgid "FM spectrum of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

+#.  PAGE BREAK 19 

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #: freeculture.xml:555
 msgid ""
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #: freeculture.xml:555
 msgid ""

+"<emphasis role='strong'>Edwin Howard Armstrong</emphasis> is one of "
+"America's forgotten inventor geniuses. He came to the great American "
+"inventor scene just after the titans Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham "
+"Bell. But his work in the area of radio technology was perhaps the most "
+"important of any single inventor in the first fifty years of radio. He was "
+"better educated than Michael Faraday, who as a bookbinder's apprentice had "
+"discovered electric induction in 1831. But he had the same intuition about "
+"how the world of radio worked, and on at least three occasions, Armstrong "
+"invented profoundly important technologies that advanced our understanding "
+"of radio."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:568
+msgid ""

 "On the day after Christmas, 1933, four patents were issued to Armstrong for "
 "his most significant invention&mdash;FM radio. Until then, consumer radio "
 "had been amplitude-modulated (AM) radio. The theorists of the day had said "
 "On the day after Christmas, 1933, four patents were issued to Armstrong for "
 "his most significant invention&mdash;FM radio. Until then, consumer radio "
 "had been amplitude-modulated (AM) radio. The theorists of the day had said "


@@ -671,7 +701,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:565
+#: freeculture.xml:578

 msgid ""
 "On November 5, 1935, he demonstrated the technology at a meeting of the "
 "Institute of Radio Engineers at the Empire State Building in New York "
 msgid ""
 "On November 5, 1935, he demonstrated the technology at a meeting of the "
 "Institute of Radio Engineers at the Empire State Building in New York "


@@ -679,37 +709,52 @@ msgid ""
 "locked on a broadcast that he had arranged from seventeen miles away. The "
 "radio fell totally silent, as if dead, and then with a clarity no one else "
 "in that room had ever heard from an electrical device, it produced the sound "
 "locked on a broadcast that he had arranged from seventeen miles away. The "
 "radio fell totally silent, as if dead, and then with a clarity no one else "
 "in that room had ever heard from an electrical device, it produced the sound "

-"of an announcer's voice: \"This is amateur station W2AG at Yonkers, New "
-"York, operating on frequency modulation at two and a half meters.\""
+"of an announcer's voice: <quote>This is amateur station W2AG at Yonkers, New "
+"York, operating on frequency modulation at two and a half meters.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:576
+#: freeculture.xml:589

 msgid "The audience was hearing something no one had thought possible:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 msgid "The audience was hearing something no one had thought possible:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:587
+#: freeculture.xml:600

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lawrence Lessing, Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong "
-"(Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."
+"Lawrence Lessing, <citetitle>Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard "
+"Armstrong</citetitle> (Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:580
+#: freeculture.xml:593

 msgid ""
 "A glass of water was poured before the microphone in Yonkers; it sounded "
 msgid ""
 "A glass of water was poured before the microphone in Yonkers; it sounded "

-"like a glass of water being poured. . . . A paper was crumpled and torn; it "
-"sounded like paper and not like a crackling forest fire. . . . Sousa marches "
-"were played from records and a piano solo and guitar number were "
-"performed. . . . The music was projected with a live-ness rarely if ever "
-"heard before from a radio \"music box.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"like a glass of water being poured. &hellip; A paper was crumpled and torn; "
+"it sounded like paper and not like a crackling forest fire. &hellip; Sousa "
+"marches were played from records and a piano solo and guitar number were "
+"performed. &hellip; The music was projected with a live-ness rarely if ever "
+"heard before from a radio <quote>music box.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:605 freeculture.xml:6835
+msgid "RCA"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:2483 freeculture.xml:2501 freeculture.xml:2535 freeculture.xml:2537
+msgid "media"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:606 freeculture.xml:2537
+msgid "ownership concentration in"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 20 
+#. PAGE BREAK 20

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:593
+#: freeculture.xml:608

 msgid ""
 "As our own common sense tells us, Armstrong had discovered a vastly superior "
 "radio technology. But at the time of his invention, Armstrong was working "
 msgid ""
 "As our own common sense tells us, Armstrong had discovered a vastly superior "
 "radio technology. But at the time of his invention, Armstrong was working "


@@ -719,26 +764,31 @@ msgid ""
 "networks."
 msgstr ""
 
 "networks."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:616 freeculture.xml:638
+msgid "Sarnoff, David"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:602
+#: freeculture.xml:618

 msgid ""
 "RCA's president, David Sarnoff, a friend of Armstrong's, was eager that "
 "Armstrong discover a way to remove static from AM radio. So Sarnoff was "
 "quite excited when Armstrong told him he had a device that removed static "
 msgid ""
 "RCA's president, David Sarnoff, a friend of Armstrong's, was eager that "
 "Armstrong discover a way to remove static from AM radio. So Sarnoff was "
 "quite excited when Armstrong told him he had a device that removed static "

-"from \"radio.\" But when Armstrong demonstrated his invention, Sarnoff was "
-"not pleased."
+"from <quote>radio.</quote> But when Armstrong demonstrated his invention, "
+"Sarnoff was not pleased."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:613
+#: freeculture.xml:629

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See \"Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,\" First "
-"Electronic Church of America, at www.webstationone.com/fecha, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</ulink>."
+"See <quote>Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,</quote> "
+"First Electronic Church of America, at www.webstationone.com/fecha, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:610
+#: freeculture.xml:626

 msgid ""
 "I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to remove static from "
 "our AM radio. I didn't think he'd start a revolution&mdash; start up a whole "
 msgid ""
 "I thought Armstrong would invent some kind of a filter to remove static from "
 "our AM radio. I didn't think he'd start a revolution&mdash; start up a whole "


@@ -746,32 +796,52 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:637 freeculture.xml:6831
+msgid "FM radio"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:622
+#: freeculture.xml:640

 msgid ""
 "Armstrong's invention threatened RCA's AM empire, so the company launched a "
 "campaign to smother FM radio. While FM may have been a superior technology, "
 "Sarnoff was a superior tactician.  As one author described,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Armstrong's invention threatened RCA's AM empire, so the company launched a "
 "campaign to smother FM radio. While FM may have been a superior technology, "
 "Sarnoff was a superior tactician.  As one author described,"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:645
+msgid "Lessing, Lawrence"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:634
+#: freeculture.xml:653

 msgid "Lessing, 226."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 msgid "Lessing, 226."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:629
+#: freeculture.xml:648

 msgid ""
 "The forces for FM, largely engineering, could not overcome the weight of "
 "strategy devised by the sales, patent, and legal offices to subdue this "
 "threat to corporate position. For FM, if allowed to develop unrestrained, "
 msgid ""
 "The forces for FM, largely engineering, could not overcome the weight of "
 "strategy devised by the sales, patent, and legal offices to subdue this "
 "threat to corporate position. For FM, if allowed to develop unrestrained, "

-"posed . . . a complete reordering of radio power . . . and the eventual "
-"overthrow of the carefully restricted AM system on which RCA had grown to "
-"power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"posed &hellip; a complete reordering of radio power &hellip; and the "
+"eventual overthrow of the carefully restricted AM system on which RCA had "
+"grown to power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:657
+msgid "FCC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:657
+msgid "on FM radio"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:639
+#: freeculture.xml:659

 msgid ""
 "RCA at first kept the technology in house, insisting that further tests were "
 "needed. When, after two years of testing, Armstrong grew impatient, RCA "
 msgid ""
 "RCA at first kept the technology in house, insisting that further tests were "
 "needed. When, after two years of testing, Armstrong grew impatient, RCA "


@@ -787,12 +857,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:658
+#: freeculture.xml:678

 msgid "Lessing, 256."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 msgid "Lessing, 256."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:654
+#: freeculture.xml:674

 msgid ""
 "The series of body blows that FM radio received right after the war, in a "
 "series of rulings manipulated through the FCC by the big radio interests, "
 msgid ""
 "The series of body blows that FM radio received right after the war, in a "
 "series of rulings manipulated through the FCC by the big radio interests, "


@@ -801,12 +871,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:662
+#: freeculture.xml:683

 msgid "AT&amp;T"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgid "AT&amp;T"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:664
+#: freeculture.xml:685

 msgid ""
 "To make room in the spectrum for RCA's latest gamble, television, FM radio "
 "users were to be moved to a totally new spectrum band. The power of FM radio "
 msgid ""
 "To make room in the spectrum for RCA's latest gamble, television, FM radio "
 "users were to be moved to a totally new spectrum band. The power of FM radio "


@@ -818,7 +888,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:674
+#: freeculture.xml:697

 msgid ""
 "Armstrong resisted RCA's efforts. In response, RCA resisted Armstrong's "
 "patents. After incorporating FM technology into the emerging standard for "
 msgid ""
 "Armstrong resisted RCA's efforts. In response, RCA resisted Armstrong's "
 "patents. After incorporating FM technology into the emerging standard for "


@@ -831,9 +901,9 @@ msgid ""
 "to his wife and then stepped out of a thirteenth-story window to his death."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to his wife and then stepped out of a thirteenth-story window to his death."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 22 
+#. PAGE BREAK 22

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:686
+#: freeculture.xml:713

 msgid ""
 "This is how the law sometimes works. Not often this tragically, and rarely "
 "with heroic drama, but sometimes, this is how it works. From the beginning, "
 msgid ""
 "This is how the law sometimes works. Not often this tragically, and rarely "
 "with heroic drama, but sometimes, this is how it works. From the beginning, "


@@ -848,28 +918,39 @@ msgid ""
 "did not: the power to stifle the effect of technological change."
 msgstr ""
 
 "did not: the power to stifle the effect of technological change."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:730 freeculture.xml:1103 freeculture.xml:2354 freeculture.xml:2366 freeculture.xml:2450 freeculture.xml:2484 freeculture.xml:2510 freeculture.xml:2760 freeculture.xml:4166 freeculture.xml:6715 freeculture.xml:7572 freeculture.xml:7640 freeculture.xml:10194 freeculture.xml:13468 freeculture.xml:14028 freeculture.xml:14029 freeculture.xml:14103
+msgid "Internet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:730 freeculture.xml:4700 freeculture.xml:13468 freeculture.xml:14028
+msgid "development of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:708
+#: freeculture.xml:738

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Amanda Lenhart, \"The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
-"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,\" Pew Internet and American Life "
-"Project, 15 April 2003: 6, available at <ulink "
+"Amanda Lenhart, <quote>The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
+"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,</quote> Pew Internet and American "
+"Life Project, 15 April 2003: 6, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #2</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #2</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:702
+#: freeculture.xml:732

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There's no single inventor of the Internet. Nor is there any good date upon "
-"which to mark its birth. Yet in a very short time, the Internet has become "
-"part of ordinary American life. According to the Pew Internet and American "
-"Life Project, 58 percent of Americans had access to the Internet in 2002, up "
-"from 49 percent two years before.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"That number could well exceed two thirds of the nation by the end of 2004."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">There's no</emphasis> single inventor of the "
+"Internet. Nor is there any good date upon which to mark its birth. Yet in a "
+"very short time, the Internet has become part of ordinary American "
+"life. According to the Pew Internet and American Life Project, 58 percent of "
+"Americans had access to the Internet in 2002, up from 49 percent two years "
+"before.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That number could well "
+"exceed two thirds of the nation by the end of 2004."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:717
+#: freeculture.xml:747

 msgid ""
 "As the Internet has been integrated into ordinary life, it has changed "
 "things. Some of these changes are technical&mdash;the Internet has made "
 msgid ""
 "As the Internet has been integrated into ordinary life, it has changed "
 "things. Some of these changes are technical&mdash;the Internet has made "


@@ -883,7 +964,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:728
+#: freeculture.xml:758

 msgid ""
 "Instead, this book is about an effect of the Internet beyond the Internet "
 "itself: an effect upon how culture is made. My claim is that the Internet "
 msgid ""
 "Instead, this book is about an effect of the Internet beyond the Internet "
 "itself: an effect upon how culture is made. My claim is that the Internet "


@@ -893,41 +974,72 @@ msgid ""
 "don't even see the change that the Internet has introduced."
 msgstr ""
 
 "don't even see the change that the Internet has introduced."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:767
+msgid "Barlow, Joel"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:768
+msgid "culture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:768
+msgid "commercial vs. noncommercial"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:769
+msgid "Webster, Noah"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #.  PAGE BREAK 23 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:737
+#: freeculture.xml:771

 msgid ""
 "We can glimpse a sense of this change by distinguishing between commercial "
 "and noncommercial culture, and by mapping the law's regulation of each. By "
 msgid ""
 "We can glimpse a sense of this change by distinguishing between commercial "
 "and noncommercial culture, and by mapping the law's regulation of each. By "

-"\"commercial culture\" I mean that part of our culture that is produced and "
-"sold or produced to be sold. By \"noncommercial culture\" I mean all the "
-"rest. When old men sat around parks or on street corners telling stories "
-"that kids and others consumed, that was noncommercial culture. When Noah "
-"Webster published his \"Reader,\" or Joel Barlow his poetry, that was "
-"commercial culture."
+"<quote>commercial culture</quote> I mean that part of our culture that is "
+"produced and sold or produced to be sold. By <quote>noncommercial "
+"culture</quote> I mean all the rest. When old men sat around parks or on "
+"street corners telling stories that kids and others consumed, that was "
+"noncommercial culture. When Noah Webster published his "
+"<quote>Reader,</quote> or Joel Barlow his poetry, that was commercial "
+"culture."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:749
+#: freeculture.xml:783

 msgid ""
 "At the beginning of our history, and for just about the whole of our "
 "tradition, noncommercial culture was essentially unregulated. Of course, if "
 "your stories were lewd, or if your song disturbed the peace, then the law "
 "might intervene. But the law was never directly concerned with the creation "
 msgid ""
 "At the beginning of our history, and for just about the whole of our "
 "tradition, noncommercial culture was essentially unregulated. Of course, if "
 "your stories were lewd, or if your song disturbed the peace, then the law "
 "might intervene. But the law was never directly concerned with the creation "

-"or spread of this form of culture, and it left this culture \"free.\" The "
-"ordinary ways in which ordinary individuals shared and transformed their "
-"culture&mdash;telling stories, reenacting scenes from plays or TV, "
-"participating in fan clubs, sharing music, making tapes&mdash;were left "
-"alone by the law."
+"or spread of this form of culture, and it left this culture "
+"<quote>free.</quote> The ordinary ways in which ordinary individuals shared "
+"and transformed their culture&mdash;telling stories, reenacting scenes from "
+"plays or TV, participating in fan clubs, sharing music, making "
+"tapes&mdash;were left alone by the law."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:793 freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:2857 freeculture.xml:2884 freeculture.xml:2885 freeculture.xml:2886 freeculture.xml:7803 freeculture.xml:9652 freeculture.xml:9653 freeculture.xml:9928 freeculture.xml:9929 freeculture.xml:9930 freeculture.xml:9973
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:774 freeculture.xml:1782 freeculture.xml:1793
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:793
+msgid "commercial creativity as primary purpose of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:809 freeculture.xml:1945 freeculture.xml:1958

 msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:766
+#: freeculture.xml:801

 msgid ""
 "This is not the only purpose of copyright, though it is the overwhelmingly "
 "primary purpose of the copyright established in the federal constitution.  "
 msgid ""
 "This is not the only purpose of copyright, though it is the overwhelmingly "
 "primary purpose of the copyright established in the federal constitution.  "


@@ -935,12 +1047,12 @@ msgid ""
 "in publication, but also a privacy interest. By granting authors the "
 "exclusive right to first publication, state copyright law gave authors the "
 "power to control the spread of facts about them. See Samuel D. Warren and "
 "in publication, but also a privacy interest. By granting authors the "
 "exclusive right to first publication, state copyright law gave authors the "
 "power to control the spread of facts about them. See Samuel D. Warren and "

-"Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): "
-"193, 198&ndash;200.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> Harvard Law Review 4 "
+"(1890): 193, 198&ndash;200.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:760
+#: freeculture.xml:795

 msgid ""
 "The focus of the law was on commercial creativity. At first slightly, then "
 "quite extensively, the law protected the incentives of creators by granting "
 msgid ""
 "The focus of the law was on commercial creativity. At first slightly, then "
 "quite extensively, the law protected the incentives of creators by granting "


@@ -952,15 +1064,40 @@ msgid ""
 "a controlled part, balanced with the free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "a controlled part, balanced with the free."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:816 freeculture.xml:1704 freeculture.xml:5258 freeculture.xml:6486 freeculture.xml:14068
+msgid "free culture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:816
+msgid "permission culture vs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:817
+msgid "permission culture"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:817
+msgid "free culture vs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:823 freeculture.xml:10178
+msgid "Litman, Jessica"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:784
+#: freeculture.xml:821

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Jessica Litman, Digital Copyright (New York: Prometheus Books, 2001), "
-"ch. 13."
+"See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:782
+#: freeculture.xml:819

 msgid ""
 "This rough divide between the free and the controlled has now been "
 "erased.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has set the "
 msgid ""
 "This rough divide between the free and the controlled has now been "
 "erased.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has set the "


@@ -975,8 +1112,13 @@ msgid ""
 "more and more a permission culture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "more and more a permission culture."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:839
+msgid "protection of artists vs. business interests"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:800
+#: freeculture.xml:841

 msgid ""
 "This change gets justified as necessary to protect commercial creativity.  "
 "And indeed, protectionism is precisely its motivation. But the protectionism "
 msgid ""
 "This change gets justified as necessary to protect commercial creativity.  "
 "And indeed, protectionism is precisely its motivation. But the protectionism "


@@ -990,7 +1132,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:813
+#: freeculture.xml:855

 msgid ""
 "For the Internet has unleashed an extraordinary possibility for many to "
 "participate in the process of building and cultivating a culture that "
 msgid ""
 "For the Internet has unleashed an extraordinary possibility for many to "
 "participate in the process of building and cultivating a culture that "


@@ -1011,7 +1153,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:832
+#: freeculture.xml:874

 msgid ""
 "Yet, as I argue in the pages that follow, that is precisely what is "
 "happening in our culture today. These modern-day equivalents of the early "
 msgid ""
 "Yet, as I argue in the pages that follow, that is precisely what is "
 "happening in our culture today. These modern-day equivalents of the early "


@@ -1021,62 +1163,100 @@ msgid ""
 "to remake the Internet before the Internet remakes them."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to remake the Internet before the Internet remakes them."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:883 freeculture.xml:7527
+msgid "Valenti, Jack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:883 freeculture.xml:7527
+msgid "on creative property rights"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:849
+#: freeculture.xml:893

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Amy Harmon, \"Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
-"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" New York Times, 17 "
-"January 2002."
+"Amy Harmon, <quote>Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
+"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 17 January 2002."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:841
+#: freeculture.xml:885

 msgid ""
 "It doesn't seem this way to many. The battles over copyright and the "
 "Internet seem remote to most. To the few who follow them, they seem mainly "
 msgid ""
 "It doesn't seem this way to many. The battles over copyright and the "
 "Internet seem remote to most. To the few who follow them, they seem mainly "

-"about a much simpler brace of questions&mdash;whether \"piracy\" will be "
-"permitted, and whether \"property\" will be protected. The \"war\" that has "
-"been waged against the technologies of the Internet&mdash;what Motion "
-"Picture Association of America (MPAA) president Jack Valenti calls his \"own "
-"terrorist war\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;has been "
-"framed as a battle about the rule of law and respect for property. To know "
-"which side to take in this war, most think that we need only decide whether "
-"we're for property or against it."
+"about a much simpler brace of questions&mdash;whether <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"will be permitted, and whether <quote>property</quote> will be "
+"protected. The <quote>war</quote> that has been waged against the "
+"technologies of the Internet&mdash;what Motion Picture Association of "
+"America (MPAA) president Jack Valenti calls his <quote>own terrorist "
+"war</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;has been framed "
+"as a battle about the rule of law and respect for property. To know which "
+"side to take in this war, most think that we need only decide whether we're "
+"for property or against it."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:858
+#: freeculture.xml:902

 msgid ""
 "If those really were the choices, then I would be with Jack Valenti and the "
 "content industry. I, too, am a believer in property, and especially in the "
 msgid ""
 "If those really were the choices, then I would be with Jack Valenti and the "
 "content industry. I, too, am a believer in property, and especially in the "

-"importance of what Mr. Valenti nicely calls \"creative property.\" I believe "
-"that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that the law, properly tuned, should punish "
-"\"piracy,\" whether on or off the Internet."
+"importance of what Mr. Valenti nicely calls <quote>creative "
+"property.</quote> I believe that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that "
+"the law, properly tuned, should punish <quote>piracy,</quote> whether on or "
+"off the Internet."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:866
+#: freeculture.xml:910

 msgid ""
 "But those simple beliefs mask a much more fundamental question and a much "
 "more dramatic change. My fear is that unless we come to see this change, the "
 msgid ""
 "But those simple beliefs mask a much more fundamental question and a much "
 "more dramatic change. My fear is that unless we come to see this change, the "

-"war to rid the world of Internet \"pirates\" will also rid our culture of "
-"values that have been integral to our tradition from the start."
+"war to rid the world of Internet <quote>pirates</quote> will also rid our "
+"culture of values that have been integral to our tradition from the start."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:880 freeculture.xml:14089
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:915 freeculture.xml:6867 freeculture.xml:6980 freeculture.xml:6981 freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:7027 freeculture.xml:7615 freeculture.xml:8896 freeculture.xml:11181 freeculture.xml:11472 freeculture.xml:12118
+msgid "Constitution, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:915 freeculture.xml:6867 freeculture.xml:7615 freeculture.xml:8896
+msgid "First Amendment to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:916 freeculture.xml:1081 freeculture.xml:1188 freeculture.xml:1213 freeculture.xml:1557 freeculture.xml:1601 freeculture.xml:1715 freeculture.xml:3117 freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:4288 freeculture.xml:4289 freeculture.xml:4700 freeculture.xml:4701 freeculture.xml:5302 freeculture.xml:6488 freeculture.xml:6934 freeculture.xml:7014 freeculture.xml:7015 freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:7298 freeculture.xml:7330 freeculture.xml:7360 freeculture.xml:7395 freeculture.xml:7509 freeculture.xml:7510 freeculture.xml:7571 freeculture.xml:7609 freeculture.xml:7709 freeculture.xml:7723 freeculture.xml:7782 freeculture.xml:7783 freeculture.xml:7881 freeculture.xml:9814 freeculture.xml:10167 freeculture.xml:11121 freeculture.xml:11166
+msgid "copyright law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:916 freeculture.xml:7014
+msgid "as protection of creators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:917 freeculture.xml:6868 freeculture.xml:7616 freeculture.xml:8897
+msgid "First Amendment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:918 freeculture.xml:928 freeculture.xml:15256

 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:878
+#: freeculture.xml:926

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" Yale Law "
-"Journal 106 (1996): 283.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Neil W. Netanel, <quote>Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:872
+#: freeculture.xml:920

 msgid ""
 "These values built a tradition that, for at least the first 180 years of our "
 "Republic, guaranteed creators the right to build freely upon their past, and "
 msgid ""
 "These values built a tradition that, for at least the first 180 years of our "
 "Republic, guaranteed creators the right to build freely upon their past, and "


@@ -1090,7 +1270,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:888
+#: freeculture.xml:936

 msgid ""
 "Yet the law's response to the Internet, when tied to changes in the "
 "technology of the Internet itself, has massively increased the effective "
 msgid ""
 "Yet the law's response to the Internet, when tied to changes in the "
 "technology of the Internet itself, has massively increased the effective "


@@ -1103,17 +1283,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:900
+#: freeculture.xml:948

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the \"centrality "
-"of technology\" to ordinary life. I don't believe in gods, digital or "
-"otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual or group, for "
-"neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or otherwise. It is not a "
-"morality tale. Nor is it a call to jihad against an industry."
+"The story that follows is about this war. It is not about the "
+"<quote>centrality of technology</quote> to ordinary life. I don't believe in "
+"gods, digital or otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual "
+"or group, for neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or otherwise. It is "
+"not a morality tale. Nor is it a call to jihad against an industry."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:908
+#: freeculture.xml:956

 msgid ""
 "It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war inspired "
 "by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond its code. And by "
 msgid ""
 "It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war inspired "
 "by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond its code. And by "


@@ -1124,26 +1304,32 @@ msgid ""
 "war. We must resolve it soon."
 msgstr ""
 
 "war. We must resolve it soon."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:966 freeculture.xml:13384 freeculture.xml:13467 freeculture.xml:13637
+msgid "intellectual property rights"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:919
-msgid ""
-"Like the Causbys' battle, this war is, in part, about \"property.\" The "
-"property of this war is not as tangible as the Causbys', and no innocent "
-"chicken has yet to lose its life. Yet the ideas surrounding this "
-"\"property\" are as obvious to most as the Causbys' claim about the "
-"sacredness of their farm was to them. We are the Causbys. Most of us take "
-"for granted the extraordinarily powerful claims that the owners of "
-"\"intellectual property\" now assert. Most of us, like the Causbys, treat "
-"these claims as obvious. And hence we, like the Causbys, object when a new "
-"technology interferes with this property. It is as plain to us as it was to "
-"them that the new technologies of the Internet are \"trespassing\" upon "
-"legitimate claims of \"property.\" It is as plain to us as it was to them "
+#: freeculture.xml:968
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Like the Causbys'</emphasis> battle, this war is, "
+"in part, about <quote>property.</quote> The property of this war is not as "
+"tangible as the Causbys', and no innocent chicken has yet to lose its "
+"life. Yet the ideas surrounding this <quote>property</quote> are as obvious "
+"to most as the Causbys' claim about the sacredness of their farm was to "
+"them. We are the Causbys. Most of us take for granted the extraordinarily "
+"powerful claims that the owners of <quote>intellectual property</quote> now "
+"assert. Most of us, like the Causbys, treat these claims as obvious. And "
+"hence we, like the Causbys, object when a new technology interferes with "
+"this property. It is as plain to us as it was to them that the new "
+"technologies of the Internet are <quote>trespassing</quote> upon legitimate "
+"claims of <quote>property.</quote> It is as plain to us as it was to them "

 "that the law should intervene to stop this trespass."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that the law should intervene to stop this trespass."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 27 
+#. PAGE BREAK 27

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:936
+#: freeculture.xml:986

 msgid ""
 "And thus, when geeks and technologists defend their Armstrong or Wright "
 "brothers technology, most of us are simply unsympathetic.  Common sense does "
 msgid ""
 "And thus, when geeks and technologists defend their Armstrong or Wright "
 "brothers technology, most of us are simply unsympathetic.  Common sense does "


@@ -1153,19 +1339,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:946
+#: freeculture.xml:997

 msgid ""
 "My hope is to push this common sense along. I have become increasingly "
 "amazed by the power of this idea of intellectual property and, more "
 "importantly, its power to disable critical thought by policy makers and "
 "citizens. There has never been a time in our history when more of our "
 msgid ""
 "My hope is to push this common sense along. I have become increasingly "
 "amazed by the power of this idea of intellectual property and, more "
 "importantly, its power to disable critical thought by policy makers and "
 "citizens. There has never been a time in our history when more of our "

-"\"culture\" was as \"owned\" as it is now. And yet there has never been a "
-"time when the concentration of power to control the uses of culture has been "
-"as unquestioningly accepted as it is now."
+"<quote>culture</quote> was as <quote>owned</quote> as it is now. And yet "
+"there has never been a time when the concentration of power to control the "
+"<emphasis>uses</emphasis> of culture has been as unquestioningly accepted as "
+"it is now."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:956
+#: freeculture.xml:1007

 msgid ""
 "The puzzle is, Why? Is it because we have come to understand a truth about "
 "the value and importance of absolute property over ideas and culture? Is it "
 msgid ""
 "The puzzle is, Why? Is it because we have come to understand a truth about "
 "the value and importance of absolute property over ideas and culture? Is it "


@@ -1174,14 +1361,14 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:965
+#: freeculture.xml:1013

 msgid ""
 "Or is it because the idea of absolute property over ideas and culture "
 "benefits the RCAs of our time and fits our own unreflective intuitions?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
 "Or is it because the idea of absolute property over ideas and culture "
 "benefits the RCAs of our time and fits our own unreflective intuitions?"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:969
+#: freeculture.xml:1017

 msgid ""
 "Is the radical shift away from our tradition of free culture an instance of "
 "America correcting a mistake from its past, as we did after a bloody war "
 msgid ""
 "Is the radical shift away from our tradition of free culture an instance of "
 "America correcting a mistake from its past, as we did after a bloody war "


@@ -1191,7 +1378,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:976
+#: freeculture.xml:1024

 msgid ""
 "Does common sense lead to the extremes on this question because common sense "
 "actually believes in these extremes? Or does common sense stand silent in "
 msgid ""
 "Does common sense lead to the extremes on this question because common sense "
 "actually believes in these extremes? Or does common sense stand silent in "


@@ -1201,27 +1388,27 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 28 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 28 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:986
+#: freeculture.xml:1033

 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to be mysterious. My own views are resolved. I believe it was "
 "right for common sense to revolt against the extremism of the Causbys. I "
 "believe it would be right for common sense to revolt against the extreme "
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to be mysterious. My own views are resolved. I believe it was "
 "right for common sense to revolt against the extremism of the Causbys. I "
 "believe it would be right for common sense to revolt against the extreme "

-"claims made today on behalf of \"intellectual property.\" What the law "
-"demands today is increasingly as silly as a sheriff arresting an airplane "
-"for trespass. But the consequences of this silliness will be much more "
-"profound."
+"claims made today on behalf of <quote>intellectual property.</quote> What "
+"the law demands today is increasingly as silly as a sheriff arresting an "
+"airplane for trespass. But the consequences of this silliness will be much "
+"more profound."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:996
+#: freeculture.xml:1044

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The struggle that rages just now centers on two ideas: \"piracy\" and "
-"\"property.\" My aim in this book's next two parts is to explore these two "
-"ideas."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">The struggle</emphasis> that rages just now "
+"centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> and <quote>property.</quote> My "
+"aim in this book's next two parts is to explore these two ideas."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:1001
+#: freeculture.xml:1049

 msgid ""
 "My method is not the usual method of an academic. I don't want to plunge you "
 "into a complex argument, buttressed with references to obscure French "
 msgid ""
 "My method is not the usual method of an academic. I don't want to plunge you "
 "into a complex argument, buttressed with references to obscure French "


@@ -1232,20 +1419,21 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:1010
+#: freeculture.xml:1057

 msgid ""
 "The two sections set up the core claim of this book: that while the Internet "
 "has indeed produced something fantastic and new, our government, pushed by "
 msgid ""
 "The two sections set up the core claim of this book: that while the Internet "
 "has indeed produced something fantastic and new, our government, pushed by "

-"big media to respond to this \"something new,\" is destroying something very "
-"old. Rather than understanding the changes the Internet might permit, and "
-"rather than taking time to let \"common sense\" resolve how best to respond, "
-"we are allowing those most threatened by the changes to use their power to "
-"change the law&mdash;and more importantly, to use their power to change "
-"something fundamental about who we have always been."
+"big media to respond to this <quote>something new,</quote> is destroying "
+"something very old. Rather than understanding the changes the Internet might "
+"permit, and rather than taking time to let <quote>common sense</quote> "
+"resolve how best to respond, we are allowing those most threatened by the "
+"changes to use their power to change the law&mdash;and more importantly, to "
+"use their power to change something fundamental about who we have always "
+"been."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:1023
+#: freeculture.xml:1068

 msgid ""
 "We allow this, I believe, not because it is right, and not because most of "
 "us really believe in these changes. We allow it because the interests most "
 msgid ""
 "We allow this, I believe, not because it is right, and not because most of "
 "us really believe in these changes. We allow it because the interests most "


@@ -1255,83 +1443,123 @@ msgid ""
 "us remain oblivious."
 msgstr ""
 
 "us remain oblivious."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1033
-msgid "\"PIRACY\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:1078
+msgid "<quote>Piracy</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1081 freeculture.xml:4701
+msgid "English"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1082 freeculture.xml:5111
+msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1083
+msgid "music publishing"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:3205
+msgid "sheet music"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1086

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Since the inception of the law regulating creative property, there has been "
-"a war against \"piracy.\" The precise contours of this concept, \"piracy,\" "
-"are hard to sketch, but the animating injustice is easy to capture.  As Lord "
-"Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach of English copyright law "
-"to include sheet music,"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Since the inception</emphasis> of the law "
+"regulating creative property, there has been a war against "
+"<quote>piracy.</quote> The precise contours of this concept, "
+"<quote>piracy,</quote> are hard to sketch, but the animating injustice is "
+"easy to capture.  As Lord Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach "
+"of English copyright law to include sheet music,"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1050
-msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1098
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
+"Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1046
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1094

 msgid ""
 "A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
 "author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
 "own use.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
 "author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
 "own use.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1103
+msgid "efficient content distribution on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1104 freeculture.xml:6716 freeculture.xml:11169
+msgid "peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1104
+msgid "efficiency of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 31 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 31 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1055
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1106

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Today we are in the middle of another \"war\" against \"piracy.\" The "
-"Internet has provoked this war. The Internet makes possible the efficient "
-"spread of content. Peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing is among the most "
-"efficient of the efficient technologies the Internet enables. Using "
-"distributed intelligence, p2p systems facilitate the easy spread of content "
-"in a way unimagined a generation ago."
+"Today we are in the middle of another <quote>war</quote> against "
+"<quote>piracy.</quote> The Internet has provoked this war. The Internet "
+"makes possible the efficient spread of content. Peer-to-peer (p2p) file "
+"sharing is among the most efficient of the efficient technologies the "
+"Internet enables. Using distributed intelligence, p2p systems facilitate the "
+"easy spread of content in a way unimagined a generation ago."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1066
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1115

 msgid ""
 "This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright.  The "
 "network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
 "uncopyrighted content. Thus has there been a vast amount of sharing of "
 "copyrighted content. That sharing in turn has excited the war, as copyright "
 msgid ""
 "This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright.  The "
 "network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
 "uncopyrighted content. Thus has there been a vast amount of sharing of "
 "copyrighted content. That sharing in turn has excited the war, as copyright "

-"owners fear the sharing will \"rob the author of the profit.\""
+"owners fear the sharing will <quote>rob the author of the profit.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1074
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1124

 msgid ""
 "The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
 msgid ""
 "The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "

-"increasingly to technology to defend their \"property\" against this "
-"\"piracy.\" A generation of Americans, the warriors warn, is being raised to "
-"believe that \"property\" should be \"free.\" Forget tattoos, never mind "
-"body piercing&mdash;our kids are becoming thieves!"
+"increasingly to technology to defend their <quote>property</quote> against "
+"this <quote>piracy.</quote> A generation of Americans, the warriors warn, is "
+"being raised to believe that <quote>property</quote> should be "
+"<quote>free.</quote> Forget tattoos, never mind body piercing&mdash;our kids "
+"are becoming <emphasis>thieves</emphasis>!"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1083
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1132

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There's no doubt that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that pirates should be "
-"punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put this notion "
-"of \"piracy\" in some context. For as the concept is increasingly used, at "
-"its core is an extraordinary idea that is almost certainly wrong."
+"There's no doubt that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that pirates "
+"should be punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put "
+"this notion of <quote>piracy</quote> in some context. For as the concept is "
+"increasingly used, at its core is an extraordinary idea that is almost "
+"certainly wrong."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1089
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1138

 msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1093
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1142

 msgid ""
 "Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
 "work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "
 msgid ""
 "Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
 "work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "


@@ -1340,62 +1568,104 @@ msgid ""
 "wrong. It is a form of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "wrong. It is a form of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1101
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1150
+msgid "ASCAP"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1151

 msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1152
+msgid "Girl Scouts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1153 freeculture.xml:6985 freeculture.xml:7085 freeculture.xml:7528
+msgid "creative property"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1153
+msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1154 freeculture.xml:3013
+msgid "<quote>if value, then right</quote> theory"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f2 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1107
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1160

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in "
-"the Pepsi Generation,\" Notre Dame Law Review 65 (1990): 397."
+"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, <quote>Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language "
+"in the Pepsi Generation,</quote> <citetitle>Notre Dame Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 65 (1990): 397."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f3 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1173 freeculture.xml:7464
+msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1168

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
-"Wall Street Journal, 21 August 1996, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan Zittrain, "
-"\"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free Speech, No "
-"One Wins,\" Boston Globe, 24 November 2002."
+"Lisa Bannon, <quote>The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay "
+"Up,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; "
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of "
+"Property vs. Free Speech, No One Wins,</quote> <citetitle>Boston "
+"Globe</citetitle>, 24 November 2002.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1103
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1156

 msgid ""
 "This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
 msgid ""
 "This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "

-"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
-"creative property<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> &mdash;if there "
-"is value, then someone must have a right to that value. It is the "
-"perspective that led a composers' rights organization, ASCAP, to sue the "
-"Girl Scouts for failing to pay for the songs that girls sang around Girl "
+"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
+"theory of creative property<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"&mdash;if there is value, then someone must have a right to that value. It "
+"is the perspective that led a composers' rights organization, ASCAP, to sue "
+"the Girl Scouts for failing to pay for the songs that girls sang around Girl "

 "Scout campfires.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> There was "
 "Scout campfires.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> There was "

-"\"value\" (the songs) so there must have been a \"right\"&mdash;even against "
-"the Girl Scouts."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1124
-msgid "ASCAP"
+"<quote>value</quote> (the songs) so there must have been a "
+"<quote>right</quote>&mdash;even against the Girl Scouts."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 32 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 32 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1126
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1180

 msgid ""
 "This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
 "should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
 msgid ""
 "This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
 "should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "

-"protecting creative property. But the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
-"creative property has never been America's theory of creative property.  It "
-"has never taken hold within our law."
+"protecting creative property. But the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
+"theory of creative property has never been America's theory of creative "
+"property.  It has never taken hold within our law."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1135
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1188 freeculture.xml:7298 freeculture.xml:7395 freeculture.xml:7709
+msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1189 freeculture.xml:1371 freeculture.xml:1528
+msgid "creativity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1189
+msgid "legal restrictions on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1191

 msgid ""
 "Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
 "the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "
 msgid ""
 "Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
 "the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "


@@ -1404,8 +1674,8 @@ msgid ""
 "of the value."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of the value."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1142
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1198

 msgid ""
 "The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
 "care to draw&mdash;the distinction between republishing someone's work on "
 msgid ""
 "The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
 "care to draw&mdash;the distinction between republishing someone's work on "


@@ -1414,8 +1684,8 @@ msgid ""
 "copyright law today regulates both."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright law today regulates both."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1149
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1206

 msgid ""
 "Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
 "that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "
 msgid ""
 "Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
 "that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "


@@ -1424,31 +1694,42 @@ msgid ""
 "copyright law has become. It was just one more expense of doing business."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright law has become. It was just one more expense of doing business."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:1184
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1213
+msgid "creativity impeded by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1214 freeculture.xml:1245

 msgid "Florida, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Florida, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1177
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1215 freeculture.xml:1246
+msgid "Rise of the Creative Class, The (Florida)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1237

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books, 2002), Richard "
-"Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor toward a labor of "
-"creativity.  His work, however, doesn't directly address the legal "
-"conditions under which that creativity is enabled or stifled. I certainly "
-"agree with him about the importance and significance of this change, but I "
-"also believe the conditions under which it will be enabled are much more "
-"tenuous.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"In <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
+"Books, 2002), Richard Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor "
+"toward a labor of creativity.  His work, however, doesn't directly address "
+"the legal conditions under which that creativity is enabled or stifled. I "
+"certainly agree with him about the importance and significance of this "
+"change, but I also believe the conditions under which it will be enabled are "
+"much more tenuous.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1158
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1217

 msgid ""
 "But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
 "law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
 "creators but effectively that of anyone. Although that expansion would not "
 msgid ""
 "But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
 "law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
 "creators but effectively that of anyone. Although that expansion would not "

-"matter much if copyright law regulated only \"copying,\" when the law "
-"regulates as broadly and obscurely as it does, the extension matters a "
+"matter much if copyright law regulated only <quote>copying,</quote> when the "
+"law regulates as broadly and obscurely as it does, the extension matters a "

 "lot. The burden of this law now vastly outweighs any original "
 "benefit&mdash;certainly as it affects noncommercial creativity, and "
 "increasingly as it affects commercial creativity as well. Thus, as we'll see "
 "lot. The burden of this law now vastly outweighs any original "
 "benefit&mdash;certainly as it affects noncommercial creativity, and "
 "increasingly as it affects commercial creativity as well. Thus, as we'll see "


@@ -1458,48 +1739,84 @@ msgid ""
 "extraordinary range of commercial and noncommercial creativity, the law "
 "burdens this creativity with insanely complex and vague rules and with the "
 "threat of obscenely severe penalties. We may be seeing, as Richard Florida "
 "extraordinary range of commercial and noncommercial creativity, the law "
 "burdens this creativity with insanely complex and vague rules and with the "
 "threat of obscenely severe penalties. We may be seeing, as Richard Florida "

-"writes, the \"Rise of the Creative Class.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Unfortunately, we are also seeing an extraordinary rise of "
-"regulation of this creative class."
+"writes, the <quote>Rise of the Creative Class.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Unfortunately, we are also seeing an "
+"extraordinary rise of regulation of this creative class."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1190
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1253

 msgid ""
 "These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
 "understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
 msgid ""
 "These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
 "understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "

-"context the current battles about behavior labeled \"piracy.\""
+"context the current battles about behavior labeled <quote>piracy.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:1261
+msgid "Chapter One: Creators"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1262
+msgid "animated cartoons"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1263
+msgid "cartoon films"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1197
-msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1264 freeculture.xml:5306 freeculture.xml:5340 freeculture.xml:6055 freeculture.xml:6099
+msgid "films"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1199
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1264
+msgid "animated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1265
+msgid "Steamboat Willie"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1266 freeculture.xml:7489
+msgid "Mickey Mouse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1268

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1928, a cartoon character was born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut "
-"in May of that year, in a silent flop called Plane Crazy.  In November, in "
-"New York City's Colony Theater, in the first widely distributed cartoon "
-"synchronized with sound, Steamboat Willie brought to life the character that "
-"would become Mickey Mouse."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">In 1928</emphasis>, a cartoon character was "
+"born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut in May of that year, in a silent "
+"flop called <citetitle>Plane Crazy</citetitle>.  In November, in New York "
+"City's Colony Theater, in the first widely distributed cartoon synchronized "
+"with sound, <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle> brought to life the "
+"character that would become Mickey Mouse."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1206
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1274 freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1545 freeculture.xml:1686 freeculture.xml:1932 freeculture.xml:4536 freeculture.xml:6231 freeculture.xml:7488 freeculture.xml:11062 freeculture.xml:11475
+msgid "Disney, Walt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1276

 msgid ""
 "Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "
 msgid ""
 "Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "

-"The Jazz Singer. That success led Walt Disney to copy the technique and mix "
-"sound with cartoons. No one knew whether it would work or, if it did work, "
-"whether it would win an audience. But when Disney ran a test in the summer "
-"of 1928, the results were unambiguous.  As Disney describes that first "
-"experiment,"
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. That success led Walt Disney to copy "
+"the technique and mix sound with cartoons. No one knew whether it would work "
+"or, if it did work, whether it would win an audience. But when Disney ran a "
+"test in the summer of 1928, the results were unambiguous.  As Disney "
+"describes that first experiment,"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 35 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 35 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1285

 msgid ""
 "A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
 "organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "
 msgid ""
 "A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
 "organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "


@@ -1507,8 +1824,8 @@ msgid ""
 "going to see the picture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "going to see the picture."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1222
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1292

 msgid ""
 "The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
 "starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "
 msgid ""
 "The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
 "starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "


@@ -1517,15 +1834,15 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1236
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1305

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons "
-"(New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34&ndash;35."
+"Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
+"Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34&ndash;35."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1229
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1299

 msgid ""
 "The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric.  They "
 "responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "
 msgid ""
 "The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric.  They "
 "responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "


@@ -1534,22 +1851,21 @@ msgid ""
 "new!<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "new!<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1246
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1310

 msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1243
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1312

 msgid ""
 "Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
 msgid ""
 "Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "

-"Iwerks, put it more strongly: \"I have never been so thrilled in my "
-"life. Nothing since has ever equaled it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"Iwerks, put it more strongly: <quote>I have never been so thrilled in my "
+"life. Nothing since has ever equaled it.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1249
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1317

 msgid ""
 "Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively "
 "new. Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "
 msgid ""
 "Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively "
 "new. Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "


@@ -1560,78 +1876,126 @@ msgid ""
 "work of others."
 msgstr ""
 
 "work of others."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1258
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1326 freeculture.xml:1688
+msgid "Keaton, Buster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1327 freeculture.xml:1558 freeculture.xml:1946
+msgid "Steamboat Bill, Jr."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1329

 msgid ""
 "This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
 "another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
 "genius created his last independently produced silent film.  That genius was "
 msgid ""
 "This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
 "another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
 "genius created his last independently produced silent film.  That genius was "

-"Buster Keaton. The film was Steamboat Bill, Jr."
+"Buster Keaton. The film was <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1264
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1335

 msgid ""
 "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
 "he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "
 msgid ""
 "Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
 "he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "

-"laughter from his audience. Steamboat Bill, Jr. was a classic of this form, "
-"famous among film buffs for its incredible stunts.  The film was classic "
-"Keaton&mdash;wildly popular and among the best of its genre."
+"laughter from his audience. <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. was a "
+"classic of this form, famous among film buffs for its incredible stunts.  "
+"The film was classic Keaton&mdash;wildly popular and among the best of its "
+"genre."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1342 freeculture.xml:1499 freeculture.xml:7299 freeculture.xml:7396 freeculture.xml:7574 freeculture.xml:7678 freeculture.xml:7724
+msgid "derivative works"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1342 freeculture.xml:1499 freeculture.xml:7396 freeculture.xml:7574
+msgid "piracy vs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1343 freeculture.xml:1502 freeculture.xml:3012 freeculture.xml:3711 freeculture.xml:7397 freeculture.xml:7575 freeculture.xml:15322
+msgid "piracy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1343 freeculture.xml:1502 freeculture.xml:7397 freeculture.xml:7575
+msgid "derivative work vs."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1277
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1351

 msgid ""
 "I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>.  According to Dave "
 "Smith of the Disney Archives, Disney paid royalties to use the music for "
 msgid ""
 "I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>.  According to Dave "
 "Smith of the Disney Archives, Disney paid royalties to use the music for "

-"five songs in Steamboat Willie: \"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton\" "
-"(Delille), \"Mischief Makers\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. 1\" (Baron), "
-"and \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). A sixth song, \"The Turkey in the Straw,\" was "
-"already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to Harry Surden, 10 "
-"July 2003, on file with author."
+"five songs in <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: <quote>Steamboat "
+"Bill,</quote> <quote>The Simpleton</quote> (Delille), <quote>Mischief "
+"Makers</quote> (Carbonara), <quote>Joyful Hurry No. 1</quote> (Baron), and "
+"<quote>Gawky Rube</quote> (Lakay). A sixth song, <quote>The Turkey in the "
+"Straw,</quote> was already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to "
+"Harry Surden, 10 July 2003, on file with author."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1272
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1345

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Steamboat Bill, Jr. appeared before Disney's cartoon Steamboat Willie.  The "
-"coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat Willie is a direct "
-"cartoon parody of Steamboat Bill,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"and both are built upon a common song as a source. It is not just from the "
-"invention of synchronized sound in The Jazz Singer that we get Steamboat "
-"Willie. It is also from Buster Keaton's invention of Steamboat Bill, Jr., "
-"itself inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat "
-"Willie, and then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
+"Steamboat Willie.  The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
+"Willie is a direct cartoon parody of Steamboat Bill,<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and both are built upon a common song as a "
+"source. It is not just from the invention of synchronized sound in "
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> that we get <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Willie</citetitle>. It is also from Buster Keaton's invention of Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr., itself inspired by the song <quote>Steamboat Bill,</quote> that "
+"we get Steamboat Willie, and then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1371 freeculture.xml:1528
+msgid "by transforming previous works"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1372 freeculture.xml:6272 freeculture.xml:7781
+msgid "Disney, Inc."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1298
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1378

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
-"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink "
+"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse "
+"that Ate the Public Domain,</quote> Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1294
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1374

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This \"borrowing\" was nothing unique, either for Disney or for the "
-"industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream films of "
-"his day.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> So did many others. Early "
-"cartoons are filled with knockoffs&mdash;slight variations on winning "
-"themes; retellings of ancient stories. The key to success was the brilliance "
-"of the differences. With Disney, it was sound that gave his animation its "
-"spark. Later, it was the quality of his work relative to the production-line "
-"cartoons with which he competed. Yet these additions were built upon a base "
-"that was borrowed.  Disney added to the work of others before him, creating "
-"something new out of something just barely old."
+"This <quote>borrowing</quote> was nothing unique, either for Disney or for "
+"the industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream "
+"films of his day.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> So did many "
+"others. Early cartoons are filled with knockoffs&mdash;slight variations on "
+"winning themes; retellings of ancient stories. The key to success was the "
+"brilliance of the differences. With Disney, it was sound that gave his "
+"animation its spark. Later, it was the quality of his work relative to the "
+"production-line cartoons with which he competed. Yet these additions were "
+"built upon a base that was borrowed.  Disney added to the work of others "
+"before him, creating something new out of something just barely old."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1313
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1392 freeculture.xml:1687 freeculture.xml:11063
+msgid "Grimm fairy tales"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1394

 msgid ""
 "Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant.  Think "
 "about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "
 msgid ""
 "Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant.  Think "
 "about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "


@@ -1643,8 +2007,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 37 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 37 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1322
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1403

 msgid ""
 "Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
 "new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "
 msgid ""
 "Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
 "new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "


@@ -1652,46 +2016,78 @@ msgid ""
 "dark and injected a genuine emotion of compassion where before there was "
 "fear. And not just with the work of the Brothers Grimm. Indeed, the catalog "
 "of Disney work drawing upon the work of others is astonishing when set "
 "dark and injected a genuine emotion of compassion where before there was "
 "fear. And not just with the work of the Brothers Grimm. Indeed, the catalog "
 "of Disney work drawing upon the work of others is astonishing when set "

-"together: Snow White (1937), Fantasia (1940), Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo "
-"(1941), Bambi (1942), Song of the South (1946), Cinderella (1950), Alice in "
-"Wonderland (1951), Robin Hood (1952), Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp "
-"(1955), Mulan (1998), Sleeping Beauty (1959), 101 Dalmatians (1961), The "
-"Sword in the Stone (1963), and The Jungle Book (1967)&mdash;not to mention a "
-"recent example that we should perhaps quickly forget, Treasure Planet "
-"(2003). In all of these cases, Disney (or Disney, Inc.) ripped creativity "
-"from the culture around him, mixed that creativity with his own "
-"extraordinary talent, and then burned that mix into the soul of his "
-"culture. Rip, mix, and burn."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1342
+"together: <citetitle>Snow White</citetitle> (1937), "
+"<citetitle>Fantasia</citetitle> (1940), <citetitle>Pinocchio</citetitle> "
+"(1940), <citetitle>Dumbo</citetitle> (1941), <citetitle>Bambi</citetitle> "
+"(1942), <citetitle>Song of the South</citetitle> (1946), "
+"<citetitle>Cinderella</citetitle> (1950), <citetitle>Alice in "
+"Wonderland</citetitle> (1951), <citetitle>Robin Hood</citetitle> (1952), "
+"<citetitle>Peter Pan</citetitle> (1953), <citetitle>Lady and the "
+"Tramp</citetitle> (1955), <citetitle>Mulan</citetitle> (1998), "
+"<citetitle>Sleeping Beauty</citetitle> (1959), <citetitle>101 "
+"Dalmatians</citetitle> (1961), <citetitle>The Sword in the Stone</citetitle> "
+"(1963), and <citetitle>The Jungle Book</citetitle> (1967)&mdash;not to "
+"mention a recent example that we should perhaps quickly forget, "
+"<citetitle>Treasure Planet</citetitle> (2003). In all of these cases, Disney "
+"(or Disney, Inc.) ripped creativity from the culture around him, mixed that "
+"creativity with his own extraordinary talent, and then burned that mix into "
+"the soul of his culture. Rip, mix, and burn."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1426

 msgid ""
 "This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
 "celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
 "this kind. We don't need to go that far to recognize its importance. We "
 msgid ""
 "This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
 "celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
 "this kind. We don't need to go that far to recognize its importance. We "

-"could call this \"Disney creativity,\" though that would be a bit "
-"misleading. It is, more precisely, \"Walt Disney creativity\"&mdash;a form "
-"of expression and genius that builds upon the culture around us and makes it "
-"something different."
+"could call this <quote>Disney creativity,</quote> though that would be a bit "
+"misleading. It is, more precisely, <quote>Walt Disney "
+"creativity</quote>&mdash;a form of expression and genius that builds upon "
+"the culture around us and makes it something different."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1437 freeculture.xml:4753 freeculture.xml:4754 freeculture.xml:4820 freeculture.xml:4858 freeculture.xml:4914 freeculture.xml:4960 freeculture.xml:5095 freeculture.xml:5189 freeculture.xml:6683 freeculture.xml:6983 freeculture.xml:6984 freeculture.xml:6987 freeculture.xml:7056 freeculture.xml:7082 freeculture.xml:7121 freeculture.xml:7244 freeculture.xml:7291 freeculture.xml:7328 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7802 freeculture.xml:11120 freeculture.xml:11144 freeculture.xml:11473 freeculture.xml:11474
+msgid "copyright"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1437 freeculture.xml:4753 freeculture.xml:4914 freeculture.xml:6984 freeculture.xml:6987 freeculture.xml:7082 freeculture.xml:11120 freeculture.xml:11474
+msgid "duration of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1438 freeculture.xml:1439 freeculture.xml:5190 freeculture.xml:7086 freeculture.xml:7209 freeculture.xml:8094 freeculture.xml:11054 freeculture.xml:13472 freeculture.xml:14262 freeculture.xml:14263
+msgid "public domain"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1438
+msgid "defined"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1439
+msgid "traditional term for conversion to"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1356
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1446

 msgid ""
 "Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
 msgid ""
 "Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "

-"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the \"average\" term by "
-"determining the weighted average of total registrations for any particular "
-"year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if 100 copyrights are registered in "
-"year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the renewal term is 28 years, then the "
-"average term is 32.2 years. For the renewal data and other relevant data, "
-"see the Web site associated with this book, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
+"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the "
+"<quote>average</quote> term by determining the weighted average of total "
+"registrations for any particular year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if "
+"100 copyrights are registered in year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the "
+"renewal term is 28 years, then the average term is 32.2 years. For the "
+"renewal data and other relevant data, see the Web site associated with this "
+"book, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#6</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1350
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1440

 msgid ""
 "In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively "
 "fresh. The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite "
 msgid ""
 "In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively "
 "fresh. The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite "


@@ -1699,25 +2095,26 @@ msgid ""
 "years&mdash;for that minority of creative work that was in fact "
 "copyrighted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That means that for "
 "thirty years, on average, the authors or copyright holders of a creative "
 "years&mdash;for that minority of creative work that was in fact "
 "copyrighted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That means that for "
 "thirty years, on average, the authors or copyright holders of a creative "

-"work had an \"exclusive right\" to control certain uses of the work. To use "
-"this copyrighted work in limited ways required the permission of the "
-"copyright owner."
+"work had an <quote>exclusive right</quote> to control certain uses of the "
+"work. To use this copyrighted work in limited ways required the permission "
+"of the copyright owner."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1373
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1463

 msgid ""
 "At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain.  No "
 "permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
 msgid ""
 "At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain.  No "
 "permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "

-"hence, no lawyers. The public domain is a \"lawyer-free zone.\" Thus, most "
-"of the content from the nineteenth century was free for Disney to use and "
-"build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone&mdash; whether connected or not, "
-"whether rich or not, whether approved or not&mdash;to use and build upon."
+"hence, no lawyers. The public domain is a <quote>lawyer-free zone.</quote> "
+"Thus, most of the content from the nineteenth century was free for Disney to "
+"use and build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone&mdash; whether connected "
+"or not, whether rich or not, whether approved or not&mdash;to use and build "
+"upon."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 38 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 38 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1382
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1474

 msgid ""
 "This is the ways things always were&mdash;until quite recently. For most of "
 "our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "
 msgid ""
 "This is the ways things always were&mdash;until quite recently. For most of "
 "our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "


@@ -1729,142 +2126,187 @@ msgid ""
 "is presumptive only for content from before the Great Depression."
 msgstr ""
 
 "is presumptive only for content from before the Great Depression."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1395
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1493

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on \"Walt Disney creativity.\" Nor "
-"does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and except "
-"within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite universal."
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Of course</emphasis>, Walt Disney had no monopoly "
+"on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</quote> Nor does America. The norm of free "
+"culture has, until recently, and except within totalitarian nations, been "
+"broadly exploited and quite universal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1498 freeculture.xml:1602 freeculture.xml:1716
+msgid "comics, Japanese"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1500 freeculture.xml:1718
+msgid "Japanese comics"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1401
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1501 freeculture.xml:1719
+msgid "manga"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1504

 msgid ""
 "Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "
 msgid ""
 "Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "

-"Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: manga, or "
-"comics. The Japanese are fanatics about comics. Some 40 percent of "
-"publications are comics, and 30 percent of publication revenue derives from "
-"comics. They are everywhere in Japanese society, at every magazine stand, "
-"carried by a large proportion of commuters on Japan's extraordinary system "
-"of public transportation."
+"Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: "
+"<citetitle>manga</citetitle>, or comics. The Japanese are fanatics about "
+"comics. Some 40 percent of publications are comics, and 30 percent of "
+"publication revenue derives from comics. They are everywhere in Japanese "
+"society, at every magazine stand, carried by a large proportion of commuters "
+"on Japan's extraordinary system of public transportation."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1410
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1513

 msgid ""
 "Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
 "unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
 "about manga, because few of us have ever read anything close to the stories "
 msgid ""
 "Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
 "unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
 "about manga, because few of us have ever read anything close to the stories "

-"that these \"graphic novels\" tell. For the Japanese, manga cover every "
-"aspect of social life. For us, comics are \"men in tights.\" And anyway, "
-"it's not as if the New York subways are filled with readers of Joyce or even "
-"Hemingway. People of different cultures distract themselves in different "
-"ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
+"that these <quote>graphic novels</quote> tell. For the Japanese, manga cover "
+"every aspect of social life. For us, comics are <quote>men in "
+"tights.</quote> And anyway, it's not as if the New York subways are filled "
+"with readers of Joyce or even Hemingway. People of different cultures "
+"distract themselves in different ways, the Japanese in this interestingly "
+"different way."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1421
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1524

 msgid ""
 "But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
 "on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
 "perspective is quite familiar."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
 "on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
 "perspective is quite familiar."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1529 freeculture.xml:1717
+msgid "doujinshi comics"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 39 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 39 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1426
-msgid ""
-"This is the phenomenon of doujinshi. Doujinshi are also comics, but they are "
-"a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the creation of doujinshi. It "
-"is not doujinshi if it is just a copy; the artist must make a contribution "
-"to the art he copies, by transforming it either subtly or significantly. A "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1531
+msgid ""
+"This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
+"also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
+"creation of doujinshi. It is not doujinshi if it is "
+"<emphasis>just</emphasis> a copy; the artist must make a contribution to the "
+"art he copies, by transforming it either subtly or significantly. A "

 "doujinshi comic can thus take a mainstream comic and develop it "
 "differently&mdash;with a different story line. Or the comic can keep the "
 "character in character but change its look slightly. There is no formula for "
 "doujinshi comic can thus take a mainstream comic and develop it "
 "differently&mdash;with a different story line. Or the comic can keep the "
 "character in character but change its look slightly. There is no formula for "

-"what makes the doujinshi sufficiently \"different.\" But they must be "
-"different if they are to be considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are "
-"committees that review doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any "
-"copycat comic that is merely a copy."
+"what makes the doujinshi sufficiently <quote>different.</quote> But they "
+"must be different if they are to be considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there "
+"are committees that review doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject "
+"any copycat comic that is merely a copy."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1547

 msgid ""
 "These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are "
 msgid ""
 "These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are "

-"huge. More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce "
-"these bits of Walt Disney creativity. More than 450,000 Japanese come "
-"together twice a year, in the largest public gathering in the country, to "
-"exchange and sell them. This market exists in parallel to the mainstream "
+"huge. More than 33,000 <quote>circles</quote> of creators from across Japan "
+"produce these bits of Walt Disney creativity. More than 450,000 Japanese "
+"come together twice a year, in the largest public gathering in the country, "
+"to exchange and sell them. This market exists in parallel to the mainstream "

 "commercial manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that "
 "market, but there is no sustained effort by those who control the commercial "
 "manga market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
 "competition and despite the law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "commercial manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that "
 "market, but there is no sustained effort by those who control the commercial "
 "manga market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
 "competition and despite the law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1451
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1557 freeculture.xml:1601 freeculture.xml:1715
+msgid "Japanese"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1560

 msgid ""
 "The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
 "law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
 "copyright law, which in this respect (on paper) mirrors American copyright "
 "law, the doujinshi market is an illegal one. Doujinshi are plainly "
 msgid ""
 "The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
 "law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
 "copyright law, which in this respect (on paper) mirrors American copyright "
 "law, the doujinshi market is an illegal one. Doujinshi are plainly "

-"\"derivative works.\" There is no general practice by doujinshi artists of "
-"securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the practice is "
-"simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt Disney did with "
-"Steamboat Bill, Jr. Under both Japanese and American law, that \"taking\" "
-"without the permission of the original copyright owner is illegal. It is an "
-"infringement of the original copyright to make a copy or a derivative work "
-"without the original copyright owner's permission."
+"<quote>derivative works.</quote> There is no general practice by doujinshi "
+"artists of securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the "
+"practice is simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt "
+"Disney did with <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. Under both "
+"Japanese and American law, that <quote>taking</quote> without the permission "
+"of the original copyright owner is illegal. It is an infringement of the "
+"original copyright to make a copy or a derivative work without the original "
+"copyright owner's permission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1574
+msgid "Winick, Judd"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1476
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1586

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New York: "
-"Perennial, 2000)."
+"For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing "
+"Comics</citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1465
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1576

 msgid ""
 "Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
 "view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
 msgid ""
 "Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
 "view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "

-"flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, \"The early "
-"days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan "
-"now. . . . American comics were born out of copying each other. . . . That's "
-"how [the artists] learn to draw&mdash;by going into comic books and not "
-"tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from "
-"them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, <quote>The "
+"early days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan "
+"now. &hellip; American comics were born out of copying each other. &hellip; "
+"That's how [the artists] learn to draw &mdash; by going into comic books and "
+"not tracing them, but looking at them and copying them</quote> and building "
+"from them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1591
+msgid "Superman comics"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1481
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1593

 msgid ""
 "American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
 "the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are "
 msgid ""
 "American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
 "the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are "

-"allowed. Speaking of Superman, Winick told me, \"there are these rules and "
-"you have to stick to them.\" There are things Superman \"cannot\" do. \"As a "
-"creator, it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are fifty "
-"years old.\""
+"allowed. Speaking of Superman, Winick told me, <quote>there are these rules "
+"and you have to stick to them.</quote> There are things Superman "
+"<quote>cannot</quote> do. <quote>As a creator, it's frustrating having to "
+"stick to some parameters which are fifty years old.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1603
+msgid "Mehra, Salil"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1497
-msgid ""
-"See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
-"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" Rutgers Law Review 55 "
-"(2002): 155, 182. \"[T]here might be a collective economic rationality that "
-"would lead manga and anime artists to forgo bringing legal actions for "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1613
+msgid ""
+"See Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain "
+"Why All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Rutgers Law Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, "
+"182. <quote>[T]here might be a collective economic rationality that would "
+"lead manga and anime artists to forgo bringing legal actions for "

 "infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga artists may be better off "
 "collectively if they set aside their individual self-interest and decide not "
 "to press their legal rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma "
 "infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga artists may be better off "
 "collectively if they set aside their individual self-interest and decide not "
 "to press their legal rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma "

-"solved.\""
+"solved.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1489
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1605

 msgid ""
 "The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
 "the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "
 msgid ""
 "The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
 "the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "


@@ -1875,8 +2317,8 @@ msgid ""
 "does not ban doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "does not ban doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1508
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1627

 msgid ""
 "The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
 "the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
 msgid ""
 "The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
 "the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "


@@ -1884,23 +2326,23 @@ msgid ""
 "rather than banned, but that doesn't explain why individual copyright owners "
 "don't sue nonetheless. If the law has no general exception for doujinshi, "
 "and indeed in some cases individual manga artists have sued doujinshi "
 "rather than banned, but that doesn't explain why individual copyright owners "
 "don't sue nonetheless. If the law has no general exception for doujinshi, "
 "and indeed in some cases individual manga artists have sued doujinshi "

-"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this \"free "
-"taking\" by the doujinshi culture?"
+"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this "
+"<quote>free taking</quote> by the doujinshi culture?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1519
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1640

 msgid ""
 "I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
 "as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
 msgid ""
 "I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
 "as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "

-"a major Japanese law firm. \"We don't have enough lawyers,\" he told me one "
-"afternoon. There \"just aren't enough resources to prosecute cases like "
-"this.\""
+"a major Japanese law firm. <quote>We don't have enough lawyers,</quote> he "
+"told me one afternoon. There <quote>just aren't enough resources to "
+"prosecute cases like this.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 41 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 41 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1526
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1647

 msgid ""
 "This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
 "function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "
 msgid ""
 "This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
 "function of both the words on the books and the costs of making those words "


@@ -1909,60 +2351,77 @@ msgid ""
 "artists were regularly prosecuted? Would the Japanese gain something "
 "important if they could end this practice of uncompensated sharing? Does "
 "piracy here hurt the victims of the piracy, or does it help them? Would "
 "artists were regularly prosecuted? Would the Japanese gain something "
 "important if they could end this practice of uncompensated sharing? Does "
 "piracy here hurt the victims of the piracy, or does it help them? Would "

-"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them? Let's pause "
-"for a moment."
+"lawyers fighting this piracy help their clients or hurt them?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1660
+msgid "<emphasis role='strong'>Let's pause</emphasis> for a moment."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1539
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1663

 msgid ""
 "If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
 "start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
 "about something you hadn't thought through before."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
 "start thinking about these issues, then just about now you should be puzzled "
 "about something you hadn't thought through before."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f7 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1549
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1673 freeculture.xml:3030 freeculture.xml:4766 freeculture.xml:5025 freeculture.xml:7912 freeculture.xml:9041
+msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1673

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The term intellectual property is of relatively recent origin. See Siva "
-"Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 11 (New York: New York University "
-"Press, 2001). See also Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (New York: "
-"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term accurately describes a set of "
-"\"property\" rights&mdash;copyright, patents, trademark, and "
-"trade-secret&mdash;but the nature of those rights is very different."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The term <citetitle>intellectual "
+"property</citetitle> is of relatively recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
+"<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York "
+"University Press, 2001). See also Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of "
+"Ideas</citetitle> (New York: Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term "
+"accurately describes a set of <quote>property</quote> rights &mdash; "
+"copyright, patents, trademark, and trade-secret &mdash; but the nature of "
+"those rights is very different."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1544
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1668

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"We live in a world that celebrates \"property.\" I am one of those "
-"celebrants.  I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
+"We live in a world that celebrates <quote>property.</quote> I am one of "
+"those celebrants.  I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "

 "believe in the value of that weird form of property that lawyers call "
 "believe in the value of that weird form of property that lawyers call "

-"\"intellectual property.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A large, "
-"diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, diverse, and "
-"modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
+"<quote>intellectual property.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> A large, diverse society cannot survive without property; a "
+"large, diverse, and modern society cannot flourish without intellectual "
+"property."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1564
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1690

 msgid ""
 "But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
 msgid ""
 "But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "

-"value out there that \"property\" doesn't capture. I don't mean \"money "
-"can't buy you love,\" but rather, value that is plainly part of a process of "
-"production, including commercial as well as noncommercial production.  If "
-"Disney animators had stolen a set of pencils to draw Steamboat Willie, we'd "
-"have no hesitation in condemning that taking as wrong&mdash; even though "
-"trivial, even if unnoticed. Yet there was nothing wrong, at least under the "
-"law of the day, with Disney's taking from Buster Keaton or from the Brothers "
-"Grimm. There was nothing wrong with the taking from Keaton because Disney's "
-"use would have been considered \"fair.\" There was nothing wrong with the "
-"taking from the Grimms because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
+"value out there that <quote>property</quote> doesn't capture. I don't mean "
+"<quote>money can't buy you love,</quote> but rather, value that is plainly "
+"part of a process of production, including commercial as well as "
+"noncommercial production.  If Disney animators had stolen a set of pencils "
+"to draw Steamboat Willie, we'd have no hesitation in condemning that taking "
+"as wrong&mdash; even though trivial, even if unnoticed. Yet there was "
+"nothing wrong, at least under the law of the day, with Disney's taking from "
+"Buster Keaton or from the Brothers Grimm. There was nothing wrong with the "
+"taking from Keaton because Disney's use would have been considered "
+"<quote>fair.</quote> There was nothing wrong with the taking from the Grimms "
+"because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1704
+msgid "derivative works based on"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 42 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 42 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1579
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1706

 msgid ""
 "Thus, even though the things that Disney took&mdash;or more generally, the "
 "things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity&mdash;are valuable, "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, even though the things that Disney took&mdash;or more generally, the "
 "things taken by anyone exercising Walt Disney creativity&mdash;are valuable, "


@@ -1970,8 +2429,8 @@ msgid ""
 "for the taking within a free culture, and that freedom is good."
 msgstr ""
 
 "for the taking within a free culture, and that freedom is good."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1721

 msgid ""
 "The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
 "publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "
 msgid ""
 "The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
 "publisher's office and ran off with a thousand copies of his latest "


@@ -1981,34 +2440,39 @@ msgid ""
 "whether large or small."
 msgstr ""
 
 "whether large or small."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1596
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1730

 msgid ""
 "Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
 msgid ""
 "Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "

-"the copycat comic artists are \"stealing.\" This form of Walt Disney "
-"creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular find it "
-"hard to say why."
+"the copycat comic artists are <quote>stealing.</quote> This form of Walt "
+"Disney creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular "
+"find it hard to say why."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1741 freeculture.xml:4706 freeculture.xml:4838 freeculture.xml:4875 freeculture.xml:5205
+msgid "Shakespeare, William"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1602
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1743

 msgid ""
 "It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
 "to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
 "to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "

-"or paying for the privilege. (\"Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but may I "
-"have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you were wrong "
-"about quantum physics?\") Acting companies perform adaptations of the works "
-"of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does anyone believe "
-"Shakespeare would be better spread within our culture if there were a "
-"central Shakespeare rights clearinghouse that all productions of Shakespeare "
-"must appeal to first?) And Hollywood goes through cycles with a certain kind "
-"of movie: five asteroid films in the late 1990s; two volcano disaster films "
-"in 1997."
+"or paying for the privilege. (<quote>Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but may "
+"I have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you were "
+"wrong about quantum physics?</quote>) Acting companies perform adaptations "
+"of the works of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does "
+"<emphasis>anyone</emphasis> believe Shakespeare would be better spread "
+"within our culture if there were a central Shakespeare rights clearinghouse "
+"that all productions of Shakespeare must appeal to first?) And Hollywood "
+"goes through cycles with a certain kind of movie: five asteroid films in the "
+"late 1990s; two volcano disaster films in 1997."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 43 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 43 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1616
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1757

 msgid ""
 "Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
 "creativity that went before and that surrounds them now.  That building is "
 msgid ""
 "Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
 "creativity that went before and that surrounds them now.  That building is "


@@ -2020,65 +2484,87 @@ msgid ""
 "unfree, perhaps, but all societies to some degree."
 msgstr ""
 
 "unfree, perhaps, but all societies to some degree."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1627
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1769

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The hard question is therefore not whether a culture is free. All cultures "
-"are free to some degree. The hard question instead is \"How free is this "
-"culture?\" How much, and how broadly, is the culture free for others to take "
-"and build upon? Is that freedom limited to party members? To members of the "
-"royal family? To the top ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or "
-"is that freedom spread broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated "
-"with the Met or not? To musicians generally, whether white or not? To "
-"filmmakers generally, whether affiliated with a studio or not?"
+"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
+"free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
+"<quote><emphasis>How</emphasis> free is this culture?</quote> How much, and "
+"how broadly, is the culture free for others to take and build upon? Is that "
+"freedom limited to party members? To members of the royal family? To the top "
+"ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or is that freedom spread "
+"broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated with the Met or not? To "
+"musicians generally, whether white or not? To filmmakers generally, whether "
+"affiliated with a studio or not?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1638
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1781

 msgid ""
 "Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
 "upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
 "culture. It is becoming much less so."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
 "upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
 "culture. It is becoming much less so."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:1646
-msgid "CHAPTER TWO: \"Mere Copyists\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:1790
+msgid "Chapter Two: <quote>Mere Copyists</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1647
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1791

 msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1649
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1792 freeculture.xml:1947 freeculture.xml:2002 freeculture.xml:6794
+msgid "camera technology"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1793
+msgid "photography"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1795

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
-"producing what we would call \"photographs.\" Appropriately enough, they "
-"were called \"daguerreotypes.\" The process was complicated and expensive, "
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1839</emphasis>, Louis Daguerre invented the "
+"first practical technology for producing what we would call "
+"<quote>photographs.</quote> Appropriately enough, they were called "
+"<quote>daguerreotypes.</quote> The process was complicated and expensive, "

 "and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and "
 "wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that "
 "helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping "
 "competition down so as to keep prices up.)"
 msgstr ""
 
 "and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and "
 "wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that "
 "helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping "
 "competition down so as to keep prices up.)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1658
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1804
+msgid "Talbot, William"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1806

 msgid ""
 "Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong.  This "
 msgid ""
 "Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong.  This "

-"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make \"automatic "
-"pictures.\" William Talbot soon discovered a process for making "
-"\"negatives.\" But because the negatives were glass, and had to be kept wet, "
-"the process still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the 1870s, dry "
-"plates were developed, making it easier to separate the taking of a picture "
-"from its developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it was still "
-"not a process within reach of most amateurs."
+"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make <quote>automatic "
+"pictures.</quote> William Talbot soon discovered a process for making "
+"<quote>negatives.</quote> But because the negatives were glass, and had to "
+"be kept wet, the process still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the "
+"1870s, dry plates were developed, making it easier to separate the taking of "
+"a picture from its developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it "
+"was still not a process within reach of most amateurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1816
+msgid "Eastman, George"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 45 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 45 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1669
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1818

 msgid ""
 "The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
 "until 1888, and was the creation of a single man. George Eastman, himself an "
 msgid ""
 "The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
 "until 1888, and was the creation of a single man. George Eastman, himself an "


@@ -2090,41 +2576,52 @@ msgid ""
 "could dramatically broaden the population of photographers."
 msgstr ""
 
 "could dramatically broaden the population of photographers."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1829 freeculture.xml:1984 freeculture.xml:6796
+msgid "Kodak cameras"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1830
+msgid "Kodak Primer, The (Eastman)"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f1 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1686
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1837

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University "
-"Press, 1975), 112."
+"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
+"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1681
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1832

 msgid ""
 "Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
 "it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
 msgid ""
 "Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
 "it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "

-"of its simplicity. \"You press the button and we do the rest.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in The Kodak Primer:"
+"of its simplicity. <quote>You press the button and we do the "
+"rest.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in "
+"<citetitle>The Kodak Primer</citetitle>:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1704 freeculture.xml:1727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1853 freeculture.xml:1879

 msgid "Coe, Brian"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Coe, Brian"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1702
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1853

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Brian Coe, The Birth of Photography (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977), "
-"53.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth "
+"of Photography</citetitle> (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1691
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1842

 msgid ""
 "The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
 "person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
 msgid ""
 "The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
 "person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "

-"expert can do. . . . We furnish anybody, man, woman or child, who has "
+"expert can do. &hellip; We furnish anybody, man, woman or child, who has "

 "sufficient intelligence to point a box straight and press a button, with an "
 "instrument which altogether removes from the practice of photography the "
 "necessity for exceptional facilities or, in fact, any special knowledge of "
 "sufficient intelligence to point a box straight and press a button, with an "
 "instrument which altogether removes from the practice of photography the "
 "necessity for exceptional facilities or, in fact, any special knowledge of "


@@ -2133,19 +2630,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1720
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1872

 msgid "Jenkins, 177."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 msgid "Jenkins, 177."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1724
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1876

 msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1709
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1861

 msgid ""
 "For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
 "and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "
 msgid ""
 "For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
 "and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "


@@ -2155,57 +2652,90 @@ msgid ""
 "camera first went on sale in 1888; one year later, Kodak was printing more "
 "than six thousand negatives a day.  From 1888 through 1909, while industrial "
 "production was rising by 4.7 percent, photographic equipment and material "
 "camera first went on sale in 1888; one year later, Kodak was printing more "
 "than six thousand negatives a day.  From 1888 through 1909, while industrial "
 "production was rising by 4.7 percent, photographic equipment and material "

-"sales increased by percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eastman "
-"Kodak's sales during the same period experienced an average annual increase "
-"of over 17 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"sales increased by 11 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Eastman Kodak's sales during the same period experienced an average annual "
+"increase of over 17 percent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1742
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1894

 msgid "Coe, 58."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Coe, 58."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1731
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1883

 msgid ""
 "The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
 "was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
 "they would never otherwise see. Amateur photography gave them the ability to "
 "record their own lives in a way they had never been able to do before. As "
 msgid ""
 "The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
 "was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
 "they would never otherwise see. Amateur photography gave them the ability to "
 "record their own lives in a way they had never been able to do before. As "

-"author Brian Coe notes, \"For the first time the snapshot album provided the "
-"man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its "
-"activities. . . . For the first time in history there exists an authentic "
+"author Brian Coe notes, <quote>For the first time the snapshot album "
+"provided the man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its "
+"activities. &hellip; For the first time in history there exists an authentic "

 "visual record of the appearance and activities of the common man made "
 "visual record of the appearance and activities of the common man made "

-"without [literary] interpretation or bias.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"without [literary] interpretation or bias.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1897 freeculture.xml:2003 freeculture.xml:2381 freeculture.xml:2399
+msgid "democracy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1897 freeculture.xml:2003 freeculture.xml:2381
+msgid "in technologies of expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1898 freeculture.xml:2004 freeculture.xml:2044 freeculture.xml:2383
+msgid "expression, technologies of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1898 freeculture.xml:2004 freeculture.xml:2383
+msgid "democratic"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1746
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1900

 msgid ""
 "In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression.  The "
 "pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
 "took years of training before they could be deployed by amateurs in any "
 "useful or effective way. With the Kodak, expression was possible much sooner "
 "and more simply. The barrier to expression was lowered. Snobs would sneer at "
 msgid ""
 "In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression.  The "
 "pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
 "took years of training before they could be deployed by amateurs in any "
 "useful or effective way. With the Kodak, expression was possible much sooner "
 "and more simply. The barrier to expression was lowered. Snobs would sneer at "

-"its \"quality\"; professionals would discount it as irrelevant. But watch a "
-"child study how best to frame a picture and you get a sense of the "
-"experience of creativity that the Kodak enabled. Democratic tools gave "
-"ordinary people a way to express themselves more easily than any tools could "
-"have before."
+"its <quote>quality</quote>; professionals would discount it as "
+"irrelevant. But watch a child study how best to frame a picture and you get "
+"a sense of the experience of creativity that the Kodak enabled. Democratic "
+"tools gave ordinary people a way to express themselves more easily than any "
+"tools could have before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1913
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1913
+msgid "photography exempted from"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1768
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1924

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For illustrative cases, see, for example, Pavesich v. N.E. Life Ins. Co., 50 "
-"S.E."
+"For illustrative cases, see, for example, <citetitle>Pavesich</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>N.E. Life Ins. Co</citetitle>., 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905); "
+"<citetitle>Foster-Milburn Co</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Chinn</citetitle>, "
+"123090 S.W. 364, 366 (Ky. 1909); <citetitle>Corliss</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Walker</citetitle>, 64 F. 280 (Mass.  Dist. Ct. 1894)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1759
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1915

 msgid ""
 "What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
 "genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "
 msgid ""
 "What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
 "genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "


@@ -2217,33 +2747,39 @@ msgid ""
 "no.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "no.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1933 freeculture.xml:9740
+msgid "images, ownership of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 47 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 47 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1772
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1935

 msgid ""
 "The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
 msgid ""
 "The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "

-"familiar. The photographer was \"taking\" something from the person or "
-"building whose photograph he shot&mdash;pirating something of value. Some "
-"even thought he was taking the target's soul. Just as Disney was not free to "
-"take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, too, should "
-"these photographers not be free to take images that they thought valuable."
+"familiar. The photographer was <quote>taking</quote> something from the "
+"person or building whose photograph he shot&mdash;pirating something of "
+"value. Some even thought he was taking the target's soul. Just as Disney was "
+"not free to take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, "
+"too, should these photographers not be free to take images that they thought "
+"valuable."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1794
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1959

 msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1791
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1956

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" Harvard "
-"Law Review 4 (1890): 193.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1949

 msgid ""
 "On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well.  Sure, "
 "there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "
 msgid ""
 "On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well.  Sure, "
 "there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "


@@ -2251,23 +2787,25 @@ msgid ""
 "Brandeis, who would become a Supreme Court Justice, thought the rule should "
 "be different for images from private spaces.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/>) It may be that this means that the photographer gets something "
 "Brandeis, who would become a Supreme Court Justice, thought the rule should "
 "be different for images from private spaces.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/>) It may be that this means that the photographer gets something "

-"for nothing. Just as Disney could take inspiration from Steamboat Bill, "
-"Jr. or the Brothers Grimm, the photographer should be free to capture an "
-"image without compensating the source."
+"for nothing. Just as Disney could take inspiration from <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr</citetitle>. or the Brothers Grimm, the photographer should be free "
+"to capture an image without compensating the source."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1811
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1977

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, \"Privacy,\" California Law "
-"Review 48 (1960) 398&ndash;407; White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., "
-"971 F.  2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
+"See Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William "
+"L. Prosser, <quote>Privacy,</quote> <citetitle>California Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) 398&ndash;407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Samsung Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F.  2d 1395 "
+"(9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1801
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1967

 msgid ""
 "Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
 "decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "
 msgid ""
 "Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
 "decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "


@@ -2280,26 +2818,31 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1819
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1985 freeculture.xml:3813 freeculture.xml:3835 freeculture.xml:3836 freeculture.xml:5785 freeculture.xml:9981
+msgid "Napster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:1987

 msgid ""
 "We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
 "gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the photographer, "
 "then the photographer would have had to demonstrate permission. Perhaps "
 "Eastman Kodak would have had to demonstrate permission, too, before it "
 "developed the film upon which images were captured. After all, if permission "
 msgid ""
 "We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
 "gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the photographer, "
 "then the photographer would have had to demonstrate permission. Perhaps "
 "Eastman Kodak would have had to demonstrate permission, too, before it "
 "developed the film upon which images were captured. After all, if permission "

-"were not granted, then Eastman Kodak would be benefiting from the \"theft\" "
-"committed by the photographer. Just as Napster benefited from the copyright "
-"infringements committed by Napster users, Kodak would be benefiting from the "
-"\"image-right\" infringement of its photographers. We could imagine the law "
-"then requiring that some form of permission be demonstrated before a company "
-"developed pictures. We could imagine a system developing to demonstrate that "
-"permission."
+"were not granted, then Eastman Kodak would be benefiting from the "
+"<quote>theft</quote> committed by the photographer. Just as Napster "
+"benefited from the copyright infringements committed by Napster users, Kodak "
+"would be benefiting from the <quote>image-right</quote> infringement of its "
+"photographers. We could imagine the law then requiring that some form of "
+"permission be demonstrated before a company developed pictures. We could "
+"imagine a system developing to demonstrate that permission."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 48 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 48 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1836
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2008

 msgid ""
 "But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
 "to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the requirement "
 msgid ""
 "But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
 "to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the requirement "


@@ -2310,86 +2853,152 @@ msgid ""
 "the permission system. But the spread of photography to ordinary people "
 "would not have occurred. Nothing like that growth would have been "
 "realized. And certainly, nothing like that growth in a democratic technology "
 "the permission system. But the spread of photography to ordinary people "
 "would not have occurred. Nothing like that growth would have been "
 "realized. And certainly, nothing like that growth in a democratic technology "

-"of expression would have been realized.  If you drive through San "
-"Francisco's Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted "
-"over with colorful and striking images, and the logo \"Just Think!\" in "
-"place of the name of a school. But there's little that's \"just\" cerebral "
-"in the projects that these busses enable.  These buses are filled with "
-"technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the film of "
-"Eastman. Not even the film of your VCR.  Rather the \"film\" of digital "
-"cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make films, as a way "
-"to understand and critique the filmed culture that they find all around "
-"them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty schools and enable "
-"three hundred to five hundred children to learn something about media by "
-"doing something with media.  By doing, they think. By tinkering, they learn."
+"of expression would have been realized."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2024 freeculture.xml:6795
+msgid "digital cameras"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2025
+msgid "Just Think!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2027
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>If you drive</emphasis> through San Francisco's "
+"Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with "
+"colorful and striking images, and the logo <quote>Just Think!</quote> in "
+"place of the name of a school. But there's little that's <quote>just</quote> "
+"cerebral in the projects that these busses enable.  These buses are filled "
+"with technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the film of "
+"Eastman. Not even the film of your VCR.  Rather the <quote>film</quote> of "
+"digital cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make films, "
+"as a way to understand and critique the filmed culture that they find all "
+"around them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty schools and "
+"enable three hundred to five hundred children to learn something about media "
+"by doing something with media.  By doing, they think. By tinkering, they "
+"learn."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2042 freeculture.xml:2840
+msgid "education"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2042
+msgid "in media literacy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2043
+msgid "media literacy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2044
+msgid "media literacy and"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1867
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2052

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
-"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, February "
-"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#7</ulink>."
+"H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and "
+"Software You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> "
+"cadalyst, February 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2046

 msgid ""
 "These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly "
 "so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen "
 msgid ""
 "These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly "
 "so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen "

-"dramatically.  As one analyst puts it, \"Five years ago, a good real-time "
-"digital video editing system cost $25,000. Today you can get professional "
-"quality for $595.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These buses are "
-"filled with technology that would have cost hundreds of thousands just ten "
-"years ago. And it is now feasible to imagine not just buses like this, but "
-"classrooms across the country where kids are learning more and more of "
-"something teachers call \"media literacy.\""
+"dramatically.  As one analyst puts it, <quote>Five years ago, a good "
+"real-time digital video editing system cost $25,000. Today you can get "
+"professional quality for $595.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> These buses are filled with technology that would have cost "
+"hundreds of thousands just ten years ago. And it is now feasible to imagine "
+"not just buses like this, but classrooms across the country where kids are "
+"learning more and more of something teachers call <quote>media "
+"literacy.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2062
+msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 49 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 49 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1881
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2065

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just Think!, "
-"puts it, \"is the ability . . . to understand, analyze, and deconstruct "
-"media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the way media works, "
-"the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the way people access "
-"it.\""
+"<quote>Media literacy,</quote> as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of "
+"Just Think!, puts it, <quote>is the ability &hellip; to understand, analyze, "
+"and deconstruct media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the "
+"way media works, the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the "
+"way people access it.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1888
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2073

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This may seem like an odd way to think about \"literacy.\" For most people, "
-"literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway and noticing "
-"split infinitives are the things that \"literate\" people know about."
+"This may seem like an odd way to think about <quote>literacy.</quote> For "
+"most people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway "
+"and noticing split infinitives are the things that <quote>literate</quote> "
+"people know about."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2078 freeculture.xml:2630 freeculture.xml:6791 freeculture.xml:7762 freeculture.xml:8863 freeculture.xml:8917
+msgid "advertising"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2079 freeculture.xml:6793 freeculture.xml:8864
+msgid "commercials"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2080 freeculture.xml:6792 freeculture.xml:8865 freeculture.xml:8899 freeculture.xml:15320
+msgid "television"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2080 freeculture.xml:6792 freeculture.xml:8865
+msgid "advertising on"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1898
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2086

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Judith Van Evra, Television and Child Development (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence "
-"Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family and TV Study,\" Denver Post, "
-"25 May 1997, B6."
+"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
+"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on "
+"Family and TV Study,</quote> <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25 May "
+"1997, B6."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1894
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2082

 msgid ""
 "Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
 "commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials "
 "generally,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it is increasingly "
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
 "commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials "
 "generally,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it is increasingly "

-"important to understand the \"grammar\" of media. For just as there is a "
-"grammar for the written word, so, too, is there one for media. And just as "
-"kids learn how to write by writing lots of terrible prose, kids learn how to "
-"write media by constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible media."
+"important to understand the <quote>grammar</quote> of media. For just as "
+"there is a grammar for the written word, so, too, is there one for "
+"media. And just as kids learn how to write by writing lots of terrible "
+"prose, kids learn how to write media by constructing lots of (at least at "
+"first) terrible media."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1910
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2097

 msgid ""
 "A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
 "crucial to the next generation of culture. For though anyone who has written "
 msgid ""
 "A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
 "crucial to the next generation of culture. For though anyone who has written "


@@ -2401,8 +3010,8 @@ msgid ""
 "builds suspense."
 msgstr ""
 
 "builds suspense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2108

 msgid ""
 "It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well.  But "
 "even then, the knowledge was in the filming, not in writing about the "
 msgid ""
 "It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well.  But "
 "even then, the knowledge was in the filming, not in writing about the "


@@ -2412,23 +3021,23 @@ msgid ""
 "and then reflecting upon what one has created."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and then reflecting upon what one has created."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1928
-msgid "Crichton, Michael"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2115 freeculture.xml:2131 freeculture.xml:2237
+msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1942 freeculture.xml:2002 freeculture.xml:2009 freeculture.xml:2455
-msgid "Barish, Stephanie"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2116
+msgid "Crichton, Michael"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1943
-msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2130 freeculture.xml:2190 freeculture.xml:2197 freeculture.xml:2270 freeculture.xml:2693
+msgid "Barish, Stephanie"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1940
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2128

 msgid ""
 "Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
 msgid ""
 "Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002.  "
 "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "


@@ -2436,50 +3045,52 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1954
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2142

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 November "
-"2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#8</ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "
+"See Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,</quote> E!online, "
+"4 November 2000, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</ulink>; "
+"<quote>Timeline,</quote> 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1930
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2118

 msgid ""
 "This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
 "Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
 "California's Annenberg Center for Communication and dean of the USC School "
 msgid ""
 "This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
 "Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
 "California's Annenberg Center for Communication and dean of the USC School "

-"of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about \"the placement "
-"of objects, color, . . . rhythm, pacing, and texture.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers open up an interactive space "
-"where a story is \"played\" as well as experienced, that grammar "
-"changes. The simple control of narrative is lost, and so other techniques "
-"are necessary. Author Michael Crichton had mastered the narrative of science "
-"fiction.  But when he tried to design a computer game based on one of his "
-"works, it was a new craft he had to learn. How to lead people through a game "
-"without their feeling they have been led was not obvious, even to a wildly "
-"successful author.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1961
+"of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about <quote>the "
+"placement of objects, color, &hellip; rhythm, pacing, and "
+"texture.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers "
+"open up an interactive space where a story is <quote>played</quote> as well "
+"as experienced, that grammar changes. The simple control of narrative is "
+"lost, and so other techniques are necessary. Author Michael Crichton had "
+"mastered the narrative of science fiction.  But when he tried to design a "
+"computer game based on one of his works, it was a new craft he had to "
+"learn. How to lead people through a game without their feeling they have "
+"been led was not obvious, even to a wildly successful author.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2149

 msgid "computer games"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "computer games"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2151

 msgid ""
 "This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
 msgid ""
 "This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "

-"\"people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t is "
-"perfectly constructed to keep you from seeing it, so you have no idea. If a "
-"filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.\" If you know you were "
-"led through a film, the film has failed."
+"<quote>people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
+"is perfectly constructed to keep you from seeing it, so you have no idea. If "
+"a filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.</quote> If you know "
+"you were led through a film, the film has failed."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1970
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2158

 msgid ""
 "Yet the push for an expanded literacy&mdash;one that goes beyond text to "
 "include audio and visual elements&mdash;is not about making better film "
 msgid ""
 "Yet the push for an expanded literacy&mdash;one that goes beyond text to "
 "include audio and visual elements&mdash;is not about making better film "


@@ -2487,8 +3098,8 @@ msgid ""
 "Instead, as Daley explained,"
 msgstr ""
 
 "Instead, as Daley explained,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1977
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2165

 msgid ""
 "From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
 "access to a box. It's the ability to be empowered with the language that "
 msgid ""
 "From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
 "access to a box. It's the ability to be empowered with the language that "


@@ -2496,40 +3107,41 @@ msgid ""
 "language, and all the rest of us are reduced to being read-only."
 msgstr ""
 
 "language, and all the rest of us are reduced to being read-only."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1985
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2173

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere.  Couch "
-"potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth century."
+"<quote>Read-only.</quote> Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere.  "
+"Couch potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
+"century."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2001
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2189

 msgid "Interview with Daley and Barish.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 
 msgid "Interview with Daley and Barish.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f31 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2006 freeculture.xml:3750 freeculture.xml:4825 freeculture.xml:7961
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2194 freeculture.xml:4080 freeculture.xml:5253 freeculture.xml:8752

 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ibid."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:1990
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2178

 msgid ""
 "The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
 "could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
 "the craft of writing. Or best, reading and understanding the tools that "
 "enable the writing to lead or mislead. The aim of any literacy, and this "
 msgid ""
 "The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
 "could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
 "the craft of writing. Or best, reading and understanding the tools that "
 "enable the writing to lead or mislead. The aim of any literacy, and this "

-"literacy in particular, is to \"empower people to choose the appropriate "
-"language for what they need to create or express.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It is to enable students \"to communicate in "
-"the language of the twenty-first century.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"literacy in particular, is to <quote>empower people to choose the "
+"appropriate language for what they need to create or "
+"express.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It is to enable "
+"students <quote>to communicate in the language of the twenty-first "
+"century.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2011
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2199

 msgid ""
 "As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
 "others. It doesn't necessarily come more easily to those who excel in "
 msgid ""
 "As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
 "others. It doesn't necessarily come more easily to those who excel in "


@@ -2542,154 +3154,171 @@ msgid ""
 "something the students know something about&mdash;gun violence."
 msgstr ""
 
 "something the students know something about&mdash;gun violence."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2023
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2212

 msgid ""
 "The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
 "problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "
 msgid ""
 "The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
 "problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "

-"kids to come, the challenge in this class was keeping them away. The \"kids "
-"were showing up at 6 A.M. and leaving at 5 at night,\" said Barish. They "
-"were working harder than in any other class to do what education should be "
-"about&mdash;learning how to express themselves."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2031
-msgid ""
-"Using whatever \"free web stuff they could find,\" and relatively simple "
-"tools to enable the kids to mix \"image, sound, and text,\" Barish said this "
-"class produced a series of projects that showed something about gun violence "
-"that few would otherwise understand. This was an issue close to the lives of "
-"these students. The project \"gave them a tool and empowered them to be able "
-"to both understand it and talk about it,\" Barish explained. That tool "
+"kids to come, the challenge in this class was keeping them away. The "
+"<quote>kids were showing up at 6 A.M. and leaving at 5 at night,</quote> "
+"said Barish. They were working harder than in any other class to do what "
+"education should be about&mdash;learning how to express themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2220
+msgid ""
+"Using whatever <quote>free web stuff they could find,</quote> and relatively "
+"simple tools to enable the kids to mix <quote>image, sound, and "
+"text,</quote> Barish said this class produced a series of projects that "
+"showed something about gun violence that few would otherwise "
+"understand. This was an issue close to the lives of these students. The "
+"project <quote>gave them a tool and empowered them to be able to both "
+"understand it and talk about it,</quote> Barish explained. That tool "

 "succeeded in creating expression&mdash;far more successfully and powerfully "
 "succeeded in creating expression&mdash;far more successfully and powerfully "

-"than could have been created using only text. \"If you had said to these "
-"students, `you have to do it in text,' they would've just thrown their hands "
-"up and gone and done something else,\" Barish described, in part, no doubt, "
-"because expressing themselves in text is not something these students can do "
-"well. Yet neither is text a form in which these ideas can be expressed "
-"well. The power of this message depended upon its connection to this form of "
-"expression."
+"than could have been created using only text. <quote>If you had said to "
+"these students, `you have to do it in text,' they would've just thrown their "
+"hands up and gone and done something else,</quote> Barish described, in "
+"part, no doubt, because expressing themselves in text is not something these "
+"students can do well. Yet neither is text a form in which "
+"<emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas can be expressed well. The power of this "
+"message depended upon its connection to this form of expression."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 52 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 52 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2050
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2241

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"But isn't education about teaching kids to write?\" I asked. In part, of "
-"course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, Daley "
-"explained, is about giving students a way of \"constructing meaning.\" To "
-"say that that means just writing is like saying teaching writing is only "
-"about teaching kids how to spell. Text is one part&mdash;and increasingly, "
-"not the most powerful part&mdash;of constructing meaning. As Daley explained "
-"in the most moving part of our interview,"
+"<quote>But isn't education about teaching kids to write?</quote> I asked. In "
+"part, of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, "
+"Daley explained, is about giving students a way of <quote>constructing "
+"meaning.</quote> To say that that means just writing is like saying teaching "
+"writing is only about teaching kids how to spell. Text is one part&mdash;and "
+"increasingly, not the most powerful part&mdash;of constructing meaning. As "
+"Daley explained in the most moving part of our interview,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2063
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2252

 msgid ""
 "What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
 "you give them is text, they're not going to do it.  Because they can't. You "
 "know, you've got Johnny who can look at a video, he can play a video game, "
 "he can do graffiti all over your walls, he can take your car apart, and he "
 "can do all sorts of other things. He just can't read your text. So Johnny "
 msgid ""
 "What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
 "you give them is text, they're not going to do it.  Because they can't. You "
 "know, you've got Johnny who can look at a video, he can play a video game, "
 "he can do graffiti all over your walls, he can take your car apart, and he "
 "can do all sorts of other things. He just can't read your text. So Johnny "

-"comes to school and you say, \"Johnny, you're illiterate. Nothing you can do "
-"matters.\" Well, Johnny then has two choices: He can dismiss you or he [can] "
-"dismiss himself. If his ego is healthy at all, he's going to dismiss "
-"you. [But i]nstead, if you say, \"Well, with all these things that you can "
-"do, let's talk about this issue. Play for me music that you think reflects "
-"that, or show me images that you think reflect that, or draw for me "
-"something that reflects that.\" Not by giving a kid a video camera and "
-". . . saying, \"Let's go have fun with the video camera and make a little "
-"movie.\" But instead, really help you take these elements that you "
-"understand, that are your language, and construct meaning about the "
-"topic. . . ."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2082
+"comes to school and you say, <quote>Johnny, you're illiterate. Nothing you "
+"can do matters.</quote> Well, Johnny then has two choices: He can dismiss "
+"you or he [can] dismiss himself. If his ego is healthy at all, he's going to "
+"dismiss you. [But i]nstead, if you say, <quote>Well, with all these things "
+"that you can do, let's talk about this issue. Play for me music that you "
+"think reflects that, or show me images that you think reflect that, or draw "
+"for me something that reflects that.</quote> Not by giving a kid a video "
+"camera and &hellip; saying, <quote>Let's go have fun with the video camera "
+"and make a little movie.</quote> But instead, really help you take these "
+"elements that you understand, that are your language, and construct meaning "
+"about the topic.&hellip;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2272

 msgid ""
 "That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
 msgid ""
 "That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "

-"as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, \"I "
-"need to explain this and I really need to write something.\" And as one of "
-"the teachers told Stephanie, they would rewrite a paragraph 5, 6, 7, 8 "
-"times, till they got it right."
+"as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, "
+"<quote>I need to explain this and I really need to write something.</quote> "
+"And as one of the teachers told Stephanie, they would rewrite a paragraph 5, "
+"6, 7, 8 times, till they got it right."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 53 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 53 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2089
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2279

 msgid ""
 "Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
 "something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
 "needed to use a language that they didn't speak very well. But they had come "
 msgid ""
 "Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
 "something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
 "needed to use a language that they didn't speak very well. But they had come "

-"to understand that they had a lot of power with this language.\""
+"to understand that they had a lot of power with this language."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2293 freeculture.xml:2352 freeculture.xml:6084
+msgid "September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2294
+msgid "World Trade Center"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2295 freeculture.xml:6004
+msgid "news coverage"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2098
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2297

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"When two planes crashed into the World Trade Center, another into the "
-"Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania field, all media around the world "
-"shifted to this news. Every moment of just about every day for that week, "
-"and for weeks after, television in particular, and media generally, retold "
-"the story of the events we had just witnessed. The telling was a retelling, "
-"because we had seen the events that were described. The genius of this awful "
-"act of terrorism was that the delayed second attack was perfectly timed to "
-"assure that the whole world would be watching."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>When two planes</emphasis> crashed into the World "
+"Trade Center, another into the Pentagon, and a fourth into a Pennsylvania "
+"field, all media around the world shifted to this news. Every moment of just "
+"about every day for that week, and for weeks after, television in "
+"particular, and media generally, retold the story of the events we had just "
+"witnessed. The telling was a retelling, because we had seen the events that "
+"were described. The genius of this awful act of terrorism was that the "
+"delayed second attack was perfectly timed to assure that the whole world "
+"would be watching."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2109
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2309

 msgid ""
 "These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
 "for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the "
 msgid ""
 "These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
 "for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the "

-"screen. There was a formula to interviews. There was \"balance,\" and "
-"seriousness. This was news choreographed in the way we have increasingly "
-"come to expect it, \"news as entertainment,\" even if the entertainment is "
-"tragedy."
+"screen. There was a formula to interviews. There was <quote>balance,</quote> "
+"and seriousness. This was news choreographed in the way we have increasingly "
+"come to expect it, <quote>news as entertainment,</quote> even if the "
+"entertainment is tragedy."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2116 freeculture.xml:7899
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2316 freeculture.xml:8691 freeculture.xml:8911

 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "ABC"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2317

 msgid "CBS"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "CBS"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2119
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2319

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But in addition to this produced news about the \"tragedy of September 11,\" "
-"those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different production as "
-"well. The Internet was filled with accounts of the same events. Yet these "
-"Internet accounts had a very different flavor. Some people constructed photo "
-"pages that captured images from around the world and presented them as slide "
-"shows with text. Some offered open letters. There were sound "
-"recordings. There was anger and frustration.  There were attempts to provide "
-"context. There was, in short, an extraordinary worldwide barn raising, in "
-"the sense Mike Godwin uses the term in his book Cyber Rights, around a news "
-"event that had captured the attention of the world. There was ABC and CBS, "
-"but there was also the Internet."
+"But in addition to this produced news about the <quote>tragedy of September "
+"11,</quote> those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
+"production as well. The Internet was filled with accounts of the same "
+"events. Yet these Internet accounts had a very different flavor. Some people "
+"constructed photo pages that captured images from around the world and "
+"presented them as slide shows with text. Some offered open letters. There "
+"were sound recordings. There was anger and frustration.  There were attempts "
+"to provide context. There was, in short, an extraordinary worldwide barn "
+"raising, in the sense Mike Godwin uses the term in his book <citetitle>Cyber "
+"Rights</citetitle>, around a news event that had captured the attention of "
+"the world. There was ABC and CBS, but there was also the Internet."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 54 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 54 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2133
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2334

 msgid ""
 "I don't mean simply to praise the Internet&mdash;though I do think the "
 "people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
 "to point to a significance in this form of speech. For like a Kodak, the "
 "Internet enables people to capture images. And like in a movie by a student "
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean simply to praise the Internet&mdash;though I do think the "
 "people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
 "to point to a significance in this form of speech. For like a Kodak, the "
 "Internet enables people to capture images. And like in a movie by a student "

-"on the \"Just Think!\" bus, the visual images could be mixed with sound or "
-"text."
+"on the <quote>Just Think!</quote> bus, the visual images could be mixed with "
+"sound or text."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2143
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2344

 msgid ""
 "But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
 "these creations to be shared with an extraordinary number of people, "
 msgid ""
 "But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
 "these creations to be shared with an extraordinary number of people, "


@@ -2700,20 +3329,45 @@ msgid ""
 "practically instantaneously."
 msgstr ""
 
 "practically instantaneously."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2152
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2353 freeculture.xml:2448 freeculture.xml:2587
+msgid "blogs (Web-logs)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2354 freeculture.xml:2450
+msgid "blogs on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2355 freeculture.xml:2451
+msgid "Web-logs (blogs)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2357

 msgid ""
 "September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
 "time, a form of communication that has grown dramatically was just beginning "
 "to come into public consciousness: the Web-log, or blog. The blog is a kind "
 "of public diary, and within some cultures, such as in Japan, it functions "
 "very much like a diary. In those cultures, it records private facts in a "
 msgid ""
 "September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
 "time, a form of communication that has grown dramatically was just beginning "
 "to come into public consciousness: the Web-log, or blog. The blog is a kind "
 "of public diary, and within some cultures, such as in Japan, it functions "
 "very much like a diary. In those cultures, it records private facts in a "

-"public way&mdash;it's a kind of electronic Jerry Springer, available "
-"anywhere in the world."
+"public way&mdash;it's a kind of electronic <citetitle>Jerry "
+"Springer</citetitle>, available anywhere in the world."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2365 freeculture.xml:2434
+msgid "political discourse"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2161
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2366
+msgid "public discourse conducted on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2368

 msgid ""
 "But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character.  "
 "There are some who use the space simply to talk about their private "
 msgid ""
 "But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character.  "
 "There are some who use the space simply to talk about their private "


@@ -2728,9 +3382,14 @@ msgid ""
 "most important form of unchoreographed public discourse that we have."
 msgstr ""
 
 "most important form of unchoreographed public discourse that we have."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2382
+msgid "elections"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 55 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 55 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2175
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2385

 msgid ""
 "That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
 "does about blogs. This is the part of America that is most difficult for "
 msgid ""
 "That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
 "does about blogs. This is the part of America that is most difficult for "


@@ -2741,61 +3400,78 @@ msgid ""
 "and routinized. Most of us think this is democracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and routinized. Most of us think this is democracy."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2398
+msgid "Tocqueville, Alexis de"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2399
+msgid "public discourse in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2400
+msgid "jury system"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f15 
 #.  f15 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2201
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2417

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, bk. 1, "
-"trans.  Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. 16."
+"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in "
+"America</citetitle>, bk. 1, trans.  Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, "
+"2000), ch. 16."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2186
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2402

 msgid ""
 "But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
 "the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
 "tradition, it also means control through reasoned discourse.  This was the "
 "idea that captured the imagination of Alexis de Tocqueville, the "
 "nineteenth-century French lawyer who wrote the most important account of "
 msgid ""
 "But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
 "the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
 "tradition, it also means control through reasoned discourse.  This was the "
 "idea that captured the imagination of Alexis de Tocqueville, the "
 "nineteenth-century French lawyer who wrote the most important account of "

-"early \"Democracy in America.\" It wasn't popular elections that fascinated "
-"him&mdash;it was the jury, an institution that gave ordinary people the "
-"right to choose life or death for other citizens.  And most fascinating for "
-"him was that the jury didn't just vote about the outcome they would "
-"impose. They deliberated. Members argued about the \"right\" result; they "
-"tried to persuade each other of the \"right\" result, and in criminal cases "
-"at least, they had to agree upon a unanimous result for the process to come "
-"to an end.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"early <quote>Democracy in America.</quote> It wasn't popular elections that "
+"fascinated him&mdash;it was the jury, an institution that gave ordinary "
+"people the right to choose life or death for other citizens.  And most "
+"fascinating for him was that the jury didn't just vote about the outcome "
+"they would impose. They deliberated. Members argued about the "
+"<quote>right</quote> result; they tried to persuade each other of the "
+"<quote>right</quote> result, and in criminal cases at least, they had to "
+"agree upon a unanimous result for the process to come to an end.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2210
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2427

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of Political "
-"Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2206
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2423

 msgid ""
 "Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
 "there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
 "pushing to create just such an institution.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> And in some towns in New England, something close to deliberation "
 "remains. But for most of us for most of the time, there is no time or place "
 msgid ""
 "Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
 "there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
 "pushing to create just such an institution.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> And in some towns in New England, something close to deliberation "
 "remains. But for most of us for most of the time, there is no time or place "

-"for \"democratic deliberation\" to occur."
+"for <quote>democratic deliberation</quote> to occur."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2230
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2443

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), "
-"65&ndash;80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
+"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
+"University Press, 2001), 65&ndash;80, 175, 182, 183, 192."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2436

 msgid ""
 "More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur.  We, "
 "the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "
 msgid ""
 "More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur.  We, "
 "the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "


@@ -2806,9 +3482,14 @@ msgid ""
 "our friends want to hear, and hear very little beyond what our friends say."
 msgstr ""
 
 "our friends want to hear, and hear very little beyond what our friends say."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2449
+msgid "e-mail"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 56 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 56 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2236
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2456

 msgid ""
 "Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
 "problem. People post when they want to post, and people read when they want "
 msgid ""
 "Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
 "problem. People post when they want to post, and people read when they want "


@@ -2818,8 +3499,8 @@ msgid ""
 "needing to gather in a single public place."
 msgstr ""
 
 "needing to gather in a single public place."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2248
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2467

 msgid ""
 "But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of "
 "norms. There's no norm (yet) in blog space not to talk about politics.  "
 msgid ""
 "But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of "
 "norms. There's no norm (yet) in blog space not to talk about politics.  "


@@ -2829,8 +3510,13 @@ msgid ""
 "political cover political issues when the occasion merits."
 msgstr ""
 
 "political cover political issues when the occasion merits."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2256
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2474
+msgid "Dean, Howard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2476

 msgid ""
 "The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
 "Howard Dean may well have faded from the 2004 presidential race but for "
 msgid ""
 "The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
 "Howard Dean may well have faded from the 2004 presidential race but for "


@@ -2838,31 +3524,56 @@ msgid ""
 "effect."
 msgstr ""
 
 "effect."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2481
+msgid "Lott, Trent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2482
+msgid "Thurmond, Strom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2483
+msgid "blog pressure on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2484
+msgid "news events on"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f18 
 #.  f18 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2276
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2497

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
-"York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
+"Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the "
+"Pot,</quote> New York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2263
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2486

 msgid ""
 "One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
 "mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
 msgid ""
 "One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
 "mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "

-"\"misspoke\" at a party for Senator Strom Thurmond, essentially praising "
-"Thurmond's segregationist policies, he calculated correctly that this story "
-"would disappear from the mainstream press within forty-eight hours. It "
-"did. But he didn't calculate its life cycle in blog space. The bloggers kept "
-"researching the story. Over time, more and more instances of the same "
-"\"misspeaking\" emerged. Finally, the story broke back into the mainstream "
-"press. In the end, Lott was forced to resign as senate majority "
-"leader.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>misspoke</quote> at a party for Senator Strom Thurmond, essentially "
+"praising Thurmond's segregationist policies, he calculated correctly that "
+"this story would disappear from the mainstream press within forty-eight "
+"hours. It did. But he didn't calculate its life cycle in blog space. The "
+"bloggers kept researching the story. Over time, more and more instances of "
+"the same <quote>misspeaking</quote> emerged. Finally, the story broke back "
+"into the mainstream press. In the end, Lott was forced to resign as senate "
+"majority leader.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2501 freeculture.xml:2535
+msgid "commercial imperatives of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2281
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2503

 msgid ""
 "This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
 "exist with blogs as with other ventures. Television and newspapers are "
 msgid ""
 "This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
 "exist with blogs as with other ventures. Television and newspapers are "


@@ -2870,8 +3581,13 @@ msgid ""
 "readers, they lose revenue. Like sharks, they must move on."
 msgstr ""
 
 "readers, they lose revenue. Like sharks, they must move on."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2288
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2510
+msgid "peer-generated rankings on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2512

 msgid ""
 "But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
 "focus, they can get serious. If a particular blogger writes a particularly "
 msgid ""
 "But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
 "focus, they can get serious. If a particular blogger writes a particularly "


@@ -2881,33 +3597,48 @@ msgid ""
 "very democratic process of peer-generated rankings."
 msgstr ""
 
 "very democratic process of peer-generated rankings."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2521
+msgid "journalism"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2522
+msgid "Winer, Dave"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 57 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 57 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2297
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2524

 msgid ""
 "There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
 "the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
 "a software author for many decades, told me, another difference is the "
 msgid ""
 "There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
 "the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
 "a software author for many decades, told me, another difference is the "

-"absence of a financial \"conflict of interest.\" \"I think you have to take "
-"the conflict of interest\" out of journalism, Winer told me.  \"An amateur "
-"journalist simply doesn't have a conflict of interest, or the conflict of "
-"interest is so easily disclosed that you know you can sort of get it out of "
-"the way.\""
+"absence of a financial <quote>conflict of interest.</quote> <quote>I think "
+"you have to take the conflict of interest</quote> out of journalism, Winer "
+"told me.  <quote>An amateur journalist simply doesn't have a conflict of "
+"interest, or the conflict of interest is so easily disclosed that you know "
+"you can sort of get it out of the way.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2307 freeculture.xml:2360
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2534 freeculture.xml:2584

 msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "CNN"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2536 freeculture.xml:2585 freeculture.xml:5948
+msgid "Iraq war"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f19 
 #.  f19 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2315
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2545

 msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2309
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2539

 msgid ""
 "These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
 "(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
 msgid ""
 "These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
 "(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "


@@ -2919,73 +3650,84 @@ msgid ""
 "uplink with a reporter in Iraq. The New York headquarters was telling the "
 "reporter over and over that her account of the war was too bleak: She needed "
 "to offer a more optimistic story. When she told New York that wasn't "
 "uplink with a reporter in Iraq. The New York headquarters was telling the "
 "reporter over and over that her account of the war was too bleak: She needed "
 "to offer a more optimistic story. When she told New York that wasn't "

-"warranted, they told her that they were writing \"the story.\")"
+"warranted, they told her that <emphasis>they</emphasis> were writing "
+"<quote>the story.</quote>)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2333
-msgid ""
-"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
-"Online,\" New York Times, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, \"Shuttle "
-"Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online Journalism Review, 2 "
-"February 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2325
-msgid ""
-"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate&mdash;\"amateur\" not in "
-"the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic athlete, meaning "
-"not paid by anyone to give their reports. It allows for a much broader range "
-"of input into a story, as reporting on the Columbia disaster revealed, when "
-"hundreds from across the southwest United States turned to the Internet to "
-"retell what they had seen.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it "
-"drives readers to read across the range of accounts and \"triangulate,\" as "
-"Winer puts it, the truth. Blogs, Winer says, are \"communicating directly "
-"with our constituency, and the middle man is out of it\"&mdash;with all the "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2565
+msgid ""
+"John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
+"Information Online,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 "
+"February 2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, <quote>Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, "
+"but Strong Overall,</quote> Online Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2557
+msgid ""
+"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the "
+"debate&mdash;<quote>amateur</quote> not in the sense of inexperienced, but "
+"in the sense of an Olympic athlete, meaning not paid by anyone to give their "
+"reports. It allows for a much broader range of input into a story, as "
+"reporting on the Columbia disaster revealed, when hundreds from across the "
+"southwest United States turned to the Internet to retell what they had "
+"seen.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it drives readers to read "
+"across the range of accounts and <quote>triangulate,</quote> as Winer puts "
+"it, the truth. Blogs, Winer says, are <quote>communicating directly with our "
+"constituency, and the middle man is out of it</quote>&mdash;with all the "

 "benefits, and costs, that might entail."
 msgstr ""
 
 "benefits, and costs, that might entail."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2352
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2586
+msgid "Olafson, Steve"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2584

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" New York "
-"Times, 29 September 2003, C4. (\"Not all news organizations have been as "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> See Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's "
+"Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 "
+"September 2003, C4. (<quote>Not all news organizations have been as "

 "accepting of employees who blog. Kevin Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq "
 "who started a blog about his reporting of the war on March 9, stopped "
 "posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. Last year Steve Olafson, a "
 "accepting of employees who blog. Kevin Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq "
 "who started a blog about his reporting of the war on March 9, stopped "
 "posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. Last year Steve Olafson, a "

-"Houston Chronicle reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, "
-"published under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people "
-"he was covering.\")  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle> reporter, was fired for keeping a "
+"personal Web log, published under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the "
+"issues and people he was covering.</quote>)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 58 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 58 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2345
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2577

 msgid ""
 "Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with "
 msgid ""
 "Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with "

-"blogs. \"It's going to become an essential skill,\" Winer predicts, for "
-"public figures and increasingly for private figures as well. It's not clear "
-"that \"journalism\" is happy about this&mdash;some journalists have been "
-"told to curtail their blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But "
-"it is clear that we are still in transition. \"A lot of what we are doing "
-"now is warm-up exercises,\" Winer told me.  There is a lot that must mature "
-"before this space has its mature effect.  And as the inclusion of content in "
-"this space is the least infringing use of the Internet (meaning infringing "
-"on copyright), Winer said, \"we will be the last thing that gets shut "
-"down.\""
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2372
-msgid ""
-"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because \"you don't "
-"have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.\" That is "
-"true. But it affects democracy in another way as well.  As more and more "
-"citizens express what they think, and defend it in writing, that will change "
-"the way people understand public issues. It is easy to be wrong and "
+"blogs. <quote>It's going to become an essential skill,</quote> Winer "
+"predicts, for public figures and increasingly for private figures as "
+"well. It's not clear that <quote>journalism</quote> is happy about "
+"this&mdash;some journalists have been told to curtail their "
+"blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it is clear that we "
+"are still in transition. <quote>A lot of what we are doing now is warm-up "
+"exercises,</quote> Winer told me.  There is a lot that must mature before "
+"this space has its mature effect.  And as the inclusion of content in this "
+"space is the least infringing use of the Internet (meaning infringing on "
+"copyright), Winer said, <quote>we will be the last thing that gets shut "
+"down.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2608
+msgid ""
+"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because <quote>you "
+"don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.</quote> "
+"That is true. But it affects democracy in another way as well.  As more and "
+"more citizens express what they think, and defend it in writing, that will "
+"change the way people understand public issues. It is easy to be wrong and "

 "misguided in your head. It is harder when the product of your mind can be "
 "criticized by others. Of course, it is a rare human who admits that he has "
 "been persuaded that he is wrong. But it is even rarer for a human to ignore "
 "misguided in your head. It is harder when the product of your mind can be "
 "criticized by others. Of course, it is a rare human who admits that he has "
 "been persuaded that he is wrong. But it is even rarer for a human to ignore "


@@ -2995,16 +3737,22 @@ msgid ""
 "something extraordinary to report."
 msgstr ""
 
 "something extraordinary to report."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2389
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2629 freeculture.xml:6782
+msgid "Brown, John Seely"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2632

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation.  His work, "
-"as his Web site describes it, is \"human learning and . . . the creation of "
-"knowledge ecologies for creating . . . innovation.\""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>John Seely Brown</emphasis> is the chief scientist "
+"of the Xerox Corporation.  His work, as his Web site describes it, is "
+"<quote>human learning and &hellip; the creation of knowledge ecologies for "
+"creating &hellip; innovation.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2394
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2638

 msgid ""
 "Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
 "differently from the perspectives I've sketched so far. I'm sure he would be "
 msgid ""
 "Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
 "differently from the perspectives I've sketched so far. I'm sure he would be "


@@ -3013,22 +3761,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 59 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 59 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2401
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2645

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When \"a lot of us grew up,\" he "
-"explains, that tinkering was done \"on motorcycle engines, lawnmower "
-"engines, automobiles, radios, and so on.\" But digital technologies enable a "
-"different kind of tinkering&mdash;with abstract ideas though in concrete "
-"form. The kids at Just Think! not only think about how a commercial portrays "
-"a politician; using digital technology, they can take the commercial apart "
-"and manipulate it, tinker with it to see how it does what it does. Digital "
-"technologies launch a kind of bricolage, or \"free collage,\" as Brown calls "
-"it. Many get to add to or transform the tinkering of many others."
+"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When <quote>a lot of us grew "
+"up,</quote> he explains, that tinkering was done <quote>on motorcycle "
+"engines, lawnmower engines, automobiles, radios, and so on.</quote> But "
+"digital technologies enable a different kind of tinkering&mdash;with "
+"abstract ideas though in concrete form. The kids at Just Think! not only "
+"think about how a commercial portrays a politician; using digital "
+"technology, they can take the commercial apart and manipulate it, tinker "
+"with it to see how it does what it does. Digital technologies launch a kind "
+"of bricolage, or <quote>free collage,</quote> as Brown calls it. Many get to "
+"add to or transform the tinkering of many others."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2416
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2658

 msgid ""
 "The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
 "software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "
 msgid ""
 "The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
 "software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "


@@ -3037,45 +3786,47 @@ msgid ""
 "technology works can tinker with the code."
 msgstr ""
 
 "technology works can tinker with the code."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2423
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2665

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This opportunity creates a \"completely new kind of learning platform,\" as "
-"Brown describes. \"As soon as you start doing that, you . . .  unleash a "
-"free collage on the community, so that other people can start looking at "
-"your code, tinkering with it, trying it out, seeing if they can improve "
-"it.\" Each effort is a kind of apprenticeship. \"Open source becomes a major "
-"apprenticeship platform.\""
+"This opportunity creates a <quote>completely new kind of learning "
+"platform,</quote> as Brown describes. <quote>As soon as you start doing "
+"that, you &hellip; unleash a free collage on the community, so that other "
+"people can start looking at your code, tinkering with it, trying it out, "
+"seeing if they can improve it.</quote> Each effort is a kind of "
+"apprenticeship. <quote>Open source becomes a major apprenticeship "
+"platform.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2433
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2673

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In this process, \"the concrete things you tinker with are abstract.  They "
-"are code.\" Kids are \"shifting to the ability to tinker in the abstract, "
-"and this tinkering is no longer an isolated activity that you're doing in "
-"your garage. You are tinkering with a community platform. . . .  You are "
-"tinkering with other people's stuff. The more you tinker the more you "
-"improve.\" The more you improve, the more you learn."
+"In this process, <quote>the concrete things you tinker with are abstract.  "
+"They are code.</quote> Kids are <quote>shifting to the ability to tinker in "
+"the abstract, and this tinkering is no longer an isolated activity that "
+"you're doing in your garage. You are tinkering with a community "
+"platform. &hellip; You are tinkering with other people's stuff. The more you "
+"tinker the more you improve.</quote> The more you improve, the more you "
+"learn."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2443
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2682

 msgid ""
 "This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
 "collaborative way when that content is part of the Web. As Brown puts it, "
 msgid ""
 "This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
 "collaborative way when that content is part of the Web. As Brown puts it, "

-"\"the Web [is] the first medium that truly honors multiple forms of "
-"intelligence.\" Earlier technologies, such as the typewriter or word "
+"<quote>the Web [is] the first medium that truly honors multiple forms of "
+"intelligence.</quote> Earlier technologies, such as the typewriter or word "

 "processors, helped amplify text. But the Web amplifies much more than "
 "processors, helped amplify text. But the Web amplifies much more than "

-"text. \"The Web . . . says if you are musical, if you are artistic, if you "
-"are visual, if you are interested in film . . . [then] there is a lot you "
-"can start to do on this medium. [It] can now amplify and honor these "
-"multiple forms of intelligence.\""
+"text. <quote>The Web &hellip; says if you are musical, if you are artistic, "
+"if you are visual, if you are interested in film &hellip; [then] there is a "
+"lot you can start to do on this medium. [It] can now amplify and honor these "
+"multiple forms of intelligence.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 60 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 60 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2457
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2695

 msgid ""
 "Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
 "Think! teach: that this tinkering with culture teaches as well as "
 msgid ""
 "Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
 "Think! teach: that this tinkering with culture teaches as well as "


@@ -3083,8 +3834,8 @@ msgid ""
 "recognition."
 msgstr ""
 
 "recognition."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2465
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2703

 msgid ""
 "Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed.  Indeed, as "
 "we'll see through the course of this book, that freedom is increasingly "
 msgid ""
 "Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed.  Indeed, as "
 "we'll see through the course of this book, that freedom is increasingly "


@@ -3096,46 +3847,48 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2480
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2719

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, \"Technological Access "
-"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,\" Communications of the "
-"Association for Computer Machinery 43 (2000): 9."
+"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, <quote>Technological "
+"Access Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Communications of the Association for Computer "
+"Machinery</citetitle> 43 (2000): 9."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2474
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2712

 msgid ""
 "These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars.  "
 msgid ""
 "These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars.  "

-"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter 10) has "
-"developed a powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it "
+"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>)  has developed a "
+"powerful argument in favor of the <quote>right to tinker</quote> as it "

 "applies to computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or "
 "more fundamental. It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, "
 "because of the law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "applies to computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or "
 "more fundamental. It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, "
 "because of the law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2488
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2727

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,\" Brown "
-"explains. We need to \"understand how kids who grow up digital think and "
-"want to learn.\""
+"<quote>This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,</quote> "
+"Brown explains. We need to <quote>understand how kids who grow up digital "
+"think and want to learn.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2493
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2732

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Yet,\" as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will evince, "
-"\"we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the natural "
-"tendencies of today's digital kids. . . . We're building an architecture "
-"that unleashes 60 percent of the brain [and] a legal system that closes down "
-"that part of the brain.\""
+"<quote>Yet,</quote> as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will "
+"evince, <quote>we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the "
+"natural tendencies of today's digital kids. &hellip; We're building an "
+"architecture that unleashes 60 percent of the brain [and] a legal system "
+"that closes down that part of the brain.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2500
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2740

 msgid ""
 "We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
 "images and sound, and adds a space for commentary and an opportunity to "
 msgid ""
 "We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
 "images and sound, and adds a space for commentary and an opportunity to "


@@ -3143,30 +3896,67 @@ msgid ""
 "that technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2506
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2746

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"No way to run a culture,\" as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet in chapter "
-"9, quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence."
+"<quote>No way to run a culture,</quote> as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet "
+"in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
+"quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2512
-msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:2753
+msgid "Chapter Three: Catalogs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2754 freeculture.xml:2797 freeculture.xml:9655
+msgid "Jordan, Jesse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2755
+msgid "RPI"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2755 freeculture.xml:2756 freeculture.xml:2757
+msgid "Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2757
+msgid "computer network search engine of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2514
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2758
+msgid "search engines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2759
+msgid "university computer networks, p2p sharing on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2760
+msgid "search engines used on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2762

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In the fall of 2002, Jesse Jordan of Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a "
-"freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, New York.  His major "
-"at RPI was information technology. Though he is not a programmer, in October "
-"Jesse decided to begin to tinker with search engine technology that was "
-"available on the RPI network."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In the fall</emphasis> of 2002, Jesse Jordan of "
+"Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic "
+"Institute, in Troy, New York.  His major at RPI was information "
+"technology. Though he is not a programmer, in October Jesse decided to begin "
+"to tinker with search engine technology that was available on the RPI "
+"network."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2770

 msgid ""
 "RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions.  It "
 "offers degrees in fields ranging from architecture and engineering to "
 msgid ""
 "RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions.  It "
 "offers degrees in fields ranging from architecture and engineering to "


@@ -3176,8 +3966,8 @@ msgid ""
 "and then build, a generation for the network age."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and then build, a generation for the network age."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2778

 msgid ""
 "RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
 "another. It also links RPI to the Internet. Not everything available on the "
 msgid ""
 "RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
 "another. It also links RPI to the Internet. Not everything available on the "


@@ -3186,22 +3976,38 @@ msgid ""
 "access to other members of the RPI community."
 msgstr ""
 
 "access to other members of the RPI community."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2784 freeculture.xml:2839
+msgid "Google"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 62 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 62 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2536
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2786

 msgid ""
 "Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
 "Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
 "search on the network. Specialty search engines can do this even better. The "
 msgid ""
 "Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
 "Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
 "search on the network. Specialty search engines can do this even better. The "

-"idea of \"intranet\" search engines, search engines that search within the "
-"network of a particular institution, is to provide users of that institution "
-"with better access to material from that institution.  Businesses do this "
-"all the time, enabling employees to have access to material that people "
-"outside the business can't get. Universities do it as well."
+"idea of <quote>intranet</quote> search engines, search engines that search "
+"within the network of a particular institution, is to provide users of that "
+"institution with better access to material from that institution.  "
+"Businesses do this all the time, enabling employees to have access to "
+"material that people outside the business can't get. Universities do it as "
+"well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2798 freeculture.xml:3715 freeculture.xml:3717 freeculture.xml:3718 freeculture.xml:5537 freeculture.xml:8223 freeculture.xml:13571 freeculture.xml:13640
+msgid "Microsoft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2798
+msgid "network file system of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2800

 msgid ""
 "These engines are enabled by the network technology itself.  Microsoft, for "
 "example, has a network file system that makes it very easy for search "
 msgid ""
 "These engines are enabled by the network technology itself.  Microsoft, for "
 "example, has a network file system that makes it very easy for search "


@@ -3211,8 +4017,8 @@ msgid ""
 "system to build an index of all the files available within the RPI network."
 msgstr ""
 
 "system to build an index of all the files available within the RPI network."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2557
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2810

 msgid ""
 "Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network.  Indeed, "
 "his engine was a simple modification of engines that others had built. His "
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network.  Indeed, "
 "his engine was a simple modification of engines that others had built. His "


@@ -3225,8 +4031,8 @@ msgid ""
 "file was still on-line."
 msgstr ""
 
 "file was still on-line."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2569
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2823

 msgid ""
 "Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
 "he continued to tweak it to improve its functionality. By March, the system "
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
 "he continued to tweak it to improve its functionality. By March, the system "


@@ -3236,8 +4042,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 63 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 63 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2576
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2831

 msgid ""
 "Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
 "could use to put on their own Web sites; copies of notes or research; copies "
 msgid ""
 "Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
 "could use to put on their own Web sites; copies of notes or research; copies "


@@ -3246,8 +4052,13 @@ msgid ""
 "made available in a public folder of their computer."
 msgstr ""
 
 "made available in a public folder of their computer."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2586
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2840
+msgid "tinkering as means of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2842

 msgid ""
 "But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
 "that Jesse's search engine listed were music files. But that means, of "
 msgid ""
 "But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
 "that Jesse's search engine listed were music files. But that means, of "


@@ -3263,8 +4074,38 @@ msgid ""
 "supposed to do."
 msgstr ""
 
 "supposed to do."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2601
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2856 freeculture.xml:9653 freeculture.xml:9930
+msgid "in recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2857
+msgid "against student file sharing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2858 freeculture.xml:2956 freeculture.xml:3209 freeculture.xml:3338 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:4292 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:9931 freeculture.xml:10342 freeculture.xml:10343 freeculture.xml:10344 freeculture.xml:10500
+msgid "recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2858 freeculture.xml:9931
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2859 freeculture.xml:2888 freeculture.xml:2957 freeculture.xml:9932 freeculture.xml:10345 freeculture.xml:10346 freeculture.xml:10498
+msgid "Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2859 freeculture.xml:9932
+msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits filed by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2862

 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
 "dean informed Jesse that the Recording Industry Association of America, the "
 msgid ""
 "On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
 "dean informed Jesse that the Recording Industry Association of America, the "


@@ -3274,59 +4115,96 @@ msgid ""
 "watched the news reports about them, he was increasingly astonished."
 msgstr ""
 
 "watched the news reports about them, he was increasingly astonished."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2610
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2871

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. . . .  "
-"I don't think there's anything wrong with the search engine that I ran or "
-". . . what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't modified it in any way that "
-"promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just modified the search engine "
-"in a way that would make it easier to use\"&mdash;again, a search engine, "
-"which Jesse had not himself built, using the Windows filesharing system, "
-"which Jesse had not himself built, to enable members of the RPI community to "
-"get access to content, which Jesse had not himself created or posted, and "
-"the vast majority of which had nothing to do with music."
+"<quote>It was absurd,</quote> he told me. <quote>I don't think I did "
+"anything wrong. &hellip; I don't think there's anything wrong with the "
+"search engine that I ran or &hellip; what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't "
+"modified it in any way that promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just "
+"modified the search engine in a way that would make it easier to "
+"use</quote>&mdash;again, a <emphasis>search engine</emphasis>, which Jesse "
+"had not himself built, using the Windows filesharing system, which Jesse had "
+"not himself built, to enable members of the RPI community to get access to "
+"content, which Jesse had not himself created or posted, and the vast "
+"majority of which had nothing to do with music."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2884 freeculture.xml:9652 freeculture.xml:9929
+msgid "exaggerated claims of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2885
+msgid "statutory damages of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2886
+msgid "individual defendants intimidated by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2887
+msgid "statutory damages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2888
+msgid "intimidation tactics of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 64 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2622
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2890

 msgid ""
 "But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
 msgid ""
 "But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "

-"had therefore \"willfully\" violated copyright laws. They demanded that he "
-"pay them the damages for his wrong. For cases of \"willful infringement,\" "
-"the Copyright Act specifies something lawyers call \"statutory damages.\" "
-"These damages permit a copyright owner to claim $150,000 per "
-"infringement. As the RIAA alleged more than one hundred specific copyright "
-"infringements, they therefore demanded that Jesse pay them at least "
-"$15,000,000."
+"had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They "
+"demanded that he pay them the damages for his wrong. For cases of "
+"<quote>willful infringement,</quote> the Copyright Act specifies something "
+"lawyers call <quote>statutory damages.</quote> These damages permit a "
+"copyright owner to claim $150,000 per infringement. As the RIAA alleged more "
+"than one hundred specific copyright infringements, they therefore demanded "
+"that Jesse pay them at least $15,000,000."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2900
+msgid "Michigan Technical University"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2901
+msgid "Princeton University"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2915

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): "
-"5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
+"Group LCC</citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2634
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2903

 msgid ""
 "Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
 "student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at "
 "Princeton. Their situations were similar to Jesse's. Though each case was "
 "different in detail, the bottom line in each was exactly the same: huge "
 msgid ""
 "Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
 "student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at "
 "Princeton. Their situations were similar to Jesse's. Though each case was "
 "different in detail, the bottom line in each was exactly the same: huge "

-"demands for \"damages\" that the RIAA claimed it was entitled to.  If you "
-"added up the claims, these four lawsuits were asking courts in the United "
-"States to award the plaintiffs close to $100 billion&mdash;six times the "
-"total profit of the film industry in 2001.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"demands for <quote>damages</quote> that the RIAA claimed it was entitled "
+"to.  If you added up the claims, these four lawsuits were asking courts in "
+"the United States to award the plaintiffs close to $100 "
+"<emphasis>billion</emphasis>&mdash;six times the <emphasis>total</emphasis> "
+"profit of the film industry in 2001.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "

 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2649
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2922

 msgid ""
 "Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened.  An "
 "uncle was a lawyer. He began negotiations with the RIAA. They demanded to "
 msgid ""
 "Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened.  An "
 "uncle was a lawyer. He began negotiations with the RIAA. They demanded to "


@@ -3334,22 +4212,33 @@ msgid ""
 "other employment. They demanded $12,000 to dismiss the case."
 msgstr ""
 
 "other employment. They demanded $12,000 to dismiss the case."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2656
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2928
+msgid "Oppenheimer, Matt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2930

 msgid ""
 "The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
 "wanted him to agree to an injunction that would essentially make it "
 "impossible for him to work in many fields of technology for the rest of his "
 "life. He refused. They made him understand that this process of being sued "
 "was not going to be pleasant. (As Jesse's father recounted to me, the chief "
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
 "wanted him to agree to an injunction that would essentially make it "
 "impossible for him to work in many fields of technology for the rest of his "
 "life. He refused. They made him understand that this process of being sued "
 "was not going to be pleasant. (As Jesse's father recounted to me, the chief "

-"lawyer on the case, Matt Oppenheimer, told Jesse, \"You don't want to pay "
-"another visit to a dentist like me.\") And throughout, the RIAA insisted it "
-"would not settle the case until it took every penny Jesse had saved."
+"lawyer on the case, Matt Oppenheimer, told Jesse, <quote>You don't want to "
+"pay another visit to a dentist like me.</quote>) And throughout, the RIAA "
+"insisted it would not settle the case until it took every penny Jesse had "
+"saved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2940
+msgid "legal system, attorney costs in"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 65 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2667
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2942

 msgid ""
 "Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight.  But "
 "Jesse's uncle worked to educate the family about the nature of the American "
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight.  But "
 "Jesse's uncle worked to educate the family about the nature of the American "


@@ -3360,32 +4249,53 @@ msgid ""
 "bankrupt."
 msgstr ""
 
 "bankrupt."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2677
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2952

 msgid ""
 "So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
 "$12,000 and a settlement."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
 "$12,000 and a settlement."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2955 freeculture.xml:3339 freeculture.xml:4284 freeculture.xml:5546 freeculture.xml:5595 freeculture.xml:10240 freeculture.xml:10338 freeculture.xml:10499 freeculture.xml:10522 freeculture.xml:15221 freeculture.xml:15286
+msgid "artists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2955 freeculture.xml:3339 freeculture.xml:4284 freeculture.xml:10240 freeculture.xml:10338 freeculture.xml:10499 freeculture.xml:10522 freeculture.xml:15221 freeculture.xml:15286
+msgid "recording industry payments to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2956 freeculture.xml:4291 freeculture.xml:10342 freeculture.xml:10500
+msgid "artist remuneration in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:2957 freeculture.xml:10346
+msgid "lobbying power of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f2 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2967

 msgid ""
 "Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)  "
 "(27&ndash;2042&mdash;Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "
 msgid ""
 "Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)  "
 "(27&ndash;2042&mdash;Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "

-"the Arts, More Than One in a Blue Moon (2000)."
+"the Arts, <citetitle>More Than One in a Blue Moon</citetitle> (2000)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2975

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" Wall "
-"Street Journal, 10 September 2003, A24."
+"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in <quote>KaZaA and "
+"Punishment,</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September "
+"2003, A24."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2681
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2959

 msgid ""
 "The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality.  Let's "
 "put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality.  Where is the "
 msgid ""
 "The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality.  Let's "
 "put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality.  Where is the "


@@ -3398,86 +4308,91 @@ msgid ""
 "for running a search engine?<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "for running a search engine?<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2702
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2982

 msgid ""
 "On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
 "case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
 "tinkered a computer into a $15 million lawsuit became an activist:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
 "case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
 "tinkered a computer into a $15 million lawsuit became an activist:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2709
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2989

 msgid ""
 "I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
 msgid ""
 "I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "

-"activist. . . . [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "
+"activist. &hellip; [But] I've been pushed into this. In no way did I ever "

 "foresee anything like this, but I think it's just completely absurd what the "
 "RIAA has done."
 msgstr ""
 
 "foresee anything like this, but I think it's just completely absurd what the "
 "RIAA has done."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2716
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:2996

 msgid ""
 "Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
 msgid ""
 "Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "

-"father told me, Jesse \"considers himself very conservative, and so do "
-"I. . . . He's not a tree hugger. . . . I think it's bizarre that they would "
-"pick on him. But he wants to let people know that they're sending the wrong "
-"message. And he wants to correct the record.\""
+"father told me, Jesse <quote>considers himself very conservative, and so do "
+"I. &hellip; He's not a tree hugger. &hellip; I think it's bizarre that they "
+"would pick on him. But he wants to let people know that they're sending the "
+"wrong message. And he wants to correct the record.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2725
-msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: \"Pirates\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3011
+msgid "Chapter Four: <quote>Pirates</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3012
+msgid "in development of content industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3015

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"If \"piracy\" means using the creative property of others without their "
-"permission&mdash;if \"if value, then right\" is true&mdash;then the history "
-"of the content industry is a history of piracy. Every important sector of "
-"\"big media\" today&mdash;film, records, radio, and cable TV&mdash;was born "
+"<emphasis role='strong'>If <quote>piracy</quote> means</emphasis> using the "
+"creative property of others without their permission&mdash;if <quote>if "
+"value, then right</quote> is true&mdash;then the history of the content "
+"industry is a history of piracy. Every important sector of <quote>big "
+"media</quote> today&mdash;film, records, radio, and cable TV&mdash;was born "

 "of a kind of piracy so defined. The consistent story is how last "
 "generation's pirates join this generation's country club&mdash;until now."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of a kind of piracy so defined. The consistent story is how last "
 "generation's pirates join this generation's country club&mdash;until now."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3026

 msgid "Film"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Film"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2739
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3030

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"I am grateful to Peter DiMauro for pointing me to this extraordinary "
-"history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, "
-"87&ndash;93, which details Edison's \"adventures\" with copyright and "
-"patent."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> I am grateful to Peter DiMauro "
+"for pointing me to this extraordinary history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, "
+"<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 87&ndash;93, which details "
+"Edison's <quote>adventures</quote> with copyright and patent."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 67 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 67 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2737
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3028

 msgid ""
 "The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
 "Coast to California in the early twentieth century in part to escape "
 "controls that patents granted the inventor of filmmaking, Thomas "
 msgid ""
 "The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
 "Coast to California in the early twentieth century in part to escape "
 "controls that patents granted the inventor of filmmaking, Thomas "

-"Edison. These controls were exercised through a monopoly \"trust,\" the "
-"Motion Pictures Patents Company, and were based on Thomas Edison's creative "
-"property&mdash;patents.  Edison formed the MPPC to exercise the rights this "
-"creative property gave him, and the MPPC was serious about the control it "
-"demanded."
+"Edison. These controls were exercised through a monopoly "
+"<quote>trust,</quote> the Motion Pictures Patents Company, and were based on "
+"Thomas Edison's creative property&mdash;patents.  Edison formed the MPPC to "
+"exercise the rights this creative property gave him, and the MPPC was "
+"serious about the control it demanded."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2754
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3046

 msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2758
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3050

 msgid ""
 "A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
 "license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "
 msgid ""
 "A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
 "license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "


@@ -3487,34 +4402,44 @@ msgid ""
 "imported film stock to create their own underground market."
 msgstr ""
 
 "imported film stock to create their own underground market."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f2 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2778
-msgid ""
-"J. A. Aberdeen, Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent Motion "
-"Picture Producers (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and expanded texts "
-"posted at \"The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion Picture Patents Company "
-"vs. the Independent Outlaws,\" available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a discussion of "
-"the economic motive behind both these limits and the limits imposed by "
-"Victor on phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast "
-"Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of "
-"Copyright\" (September 2002), University of Chicago Law School, James "
-"M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3058
+msgid "Fox, William"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2789
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3059

 msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "General Film Company"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2790 freeculture.xml:3042 freeculture.xml:4170 freeculture.xml:9510
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3060 freeculture.xml:3357 freeculture.xml:4518 freeculture.xml:10388

 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Picker, Randal C."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2767
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3084 freeculture.xml:4517 freeculture.xml:10108 freeculture.xml:10221
+msgid "broadcast flag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3073
+msgid ""
+"J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
+"Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
+"expanded texts posted at <quote>The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion "
+"Picture Patents Company vs. the Independent Outlaws,</quote> available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a "
+"discussion of the economic motive behind both these limits and the limits "
+"imposed by Victor on phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, <quote>From Edison "
+"to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the "
+"Propertization of Copyright</quote> (September 2002), University of Chicago "
+"Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Working Paper "
+"No. 159.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3062

 msgid ""
 "With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
 "nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
 msgid ""
 "With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
 "nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "


@@ -3525,113 +4450,136 @@ msgid ""
 "effectively monopolized distribution with the acquisition of all U.S. film "
 "exchanges, except for the one owned by the independent William Fox who "
 "defied the Trust even after his license was revoked.<placeholder "
 "effectively monopolized distribution with the acquisition of all U.S. film "
 "exchanges, except for the one owned by the independent William Fox who "
 "defied the Trust even after his license was revoked.<placeholder "

-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2800
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3095

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, archived at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
+"Majority</citetitle>, archived at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2794
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3089

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The Napsters of those days, the \"independents,\" were companies like "
-"Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously resisted.  "
-"\"Shooting was disrupted by machinery stolen, and `accidents' resulting in "
-"loss of negatives, equipment, buildings and sometimes life and limb "
-"frequently occurred.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That led the "
-"independents to flee the East Coast. California was remote enough from "
-"Edison's reach that filmmakers there could pirate his inventions without "
-"fear of the law. And the leaders of Hollywood filmmaking, Fox most "
-"prominently, did just that."
+"The Napsters of those days, the <quote>independents,</quote> were companies "
+"like Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously "
+"resisted.  <quote>Shooting was disrupted by machinery stolen, and "
+"`accidents' resulting in loss of negatives, equipment, buildings and "
+"sometimes life and limb frequently occurred.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That led the independents to flee the East "
+"Coast. California was remote enough from Edison's reach that filmmakers "
+"there could pirate his inventions without fear of the law. And the leaders "
+"of Hollywood filmmaking, Fox most prominently, did just that."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 68 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 68 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2810
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3105

 msgid ""
 "Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
 "law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
 msgid ""
 "Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
 "law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "

-"truly \"limited\" monopoly (just seventeen years at that time), by the time "
-"enough federal marshals appeared, the patents had expired. A new industry "
-"had been born, in part from the piracy of Edison's creative property."
+"truly <quote>limited</quote> monopoly (just seventeen years at that time), "
+"by the time enough federal marshals appeared, the patents had expired. A new "
+"industry had been born, in part from the piracy of Edison's creative "
+"property."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:2821
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3116

 msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Recorded Music"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2823
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3117 freeculture.xml:4288
+msgid "on music recordings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3119

 msgid ""
 "The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
 "requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
 "requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2827
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3122
+msgid "Fourneaux, Henri"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3123
+msgid "Russel, Phil"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3125

 msgid ""
 "At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
 "reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
 "law gave composers the exclusive right to control copies of their music and "
 "the exclusive right to control public performances of their music. In other "
 msgid ""
 "At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
 "reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
 "law gave composers the exclusive right to control copies of their music and "
 "the exclusive right to control public performances of their music. In other "

-"words, in 1900, if I wanted a copy of Phil Russel's 1899 hit \"Happy Mose,\" "
-"the law said I would have to pay for the right to get a copy of the musical "
-"score, and I would also have to pay for the right to perform it publicly."
+"words, in 1900, if I wanted a copy of Phil Russel's 1899 hit <quote>Happy "
+"Mose,</quote> the law said I would have to pay for the right to get a copy "
+"of the musical score, and I would also have to pay for the right to perform "
+"it publicly."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2836 freeculture.xml:2982
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3134 freeculture.xml:3272

 msgid "Beatles"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Beatles"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2838
-msgid ""
-"But what if I wanted to record \"Happy Mose,\" using Edison's phonograph or "
-"Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear enough that I "
-"would have to buy any copy of the musical score that I performed in making "
-"this recording. And it was clear enough that I would have to pay for any "
-"public performance of the work I was recording.  But it wasn't totally clear "
-"that I would have to pay for a \"public performance\" if I recorded the song "
-"in my own house (even today, you don't owe the Beatles anything if you sing "
-"their songs in the shower), or if I recorded the song from memory (copies in "
-"your brain are not&mdash;yet&mdash; regulated by copyright law). So if I "
-"simply sang the song into a recording device in the privacy of my own home, "
-"it wasn't clear that I owed the composer anything. And more importantly, it "
-"wasn't clear whether I owed the composer anything if I then made copies of "
-"those recordings.  Because of this gap in the law, then, I could effectively "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3136
+msgid ""
+"But what if I wanted to record <quote>Happy Mose,</quote> using Edison's "
+"phonograph or Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear "
+"enough that I would have to buy any copy of the musical score that I "
+"performed in making this recording. And it was clear enough that I would "
+"have to pay for any public performance of the work I was recording.  But it "
+"wasn't totally clear that I would have to pay for a <quote>public "
+"performance</quote> if I recorded the song in my own house (even today, you "
+"don't owe the Beatles anything if you sing their songs in the shower), or if "
+"I recorded the song from memory (copies in your brain are "
+"not&mdash;yet&mdash; regulated by copyright law). So if I simply sang the "
+"song into a recording device in the privacy of my own home, it wasn't clear "
+"that I owed the composer anything. And more importantly, it wasn't clear "
+"whether I owed the composer anything if I then made copies of those "
+"recordings.  Because of this gap in the law, then, I could effectively "

 "pirate someone else's song without paying its composer anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 "pirate someone else's song without paying its composer anything."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 69 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2856
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3159 freeculture.xml:3176
+msgid "Kittredge, Alfred"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3155

 msgid ""
 "The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
 msgid ""
 "The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "

-"pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it,"
+"pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it, <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f4 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2870
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3170

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "

-"and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "
+"and H.R. 19853 Before the (Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "

 "sess. (1906) (statement of Senator Alfred B. Kittredge, of South Dakota, "
 "sess. (1906) (statement of Senator Alfred B. Kittredge, of South Dakota, "

-"chairman), reprinted in Legislative History of the Copyright Act, E. Fulton "
-"Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, "
-"1976)."
+"chairman), reprinted in <citetitle>Legislative History of the Copyright "
+"Act</citetitle>, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South "
+"Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2863
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3163

 msgid ""
 "Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
 "publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights "
 msgid ""
 "Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
 "publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights "


@@ -3641,45 +4589,86 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3180
+msgid "Sousa, John Philip"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f5 
 #.  f5 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2884
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3186

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2890
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3192

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
 "Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2897
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3199

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
 "John Philip Sousa, composer)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
 "John Philip Sousa, composer)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2880
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3182

 msgid ""
 "The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
 msgid ""
 "The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "

-"were \"sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of American "
-"composers,\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and the \"music "
-"publishing industry\" was thereby \"at the complete mercy of this one "
-"pirate.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As John Philip Sousa put "
-"it, in as direct a way as possible, \"When they make money out of my pieces, "
-"I want a share of it.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"were <quote>sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of "
+"American composers,</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and the "
+"<quote>music publishing industry</quote> was thereby <quote>at the complete "
+"mercy of this one pirate.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"As John Philip Sousa put it, in as direct a way as possible, <quote>When "
+"they make money out of my pieces, I want a share of it.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3203
+msgid "American Graphophone Company"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3204
+msgid "player pianos"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3206 freeculture.xml:3207 freeculture.xml:4286 freeculture.xml:4287 freeculture.xml:4370 freeculture.xml:4371 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:7083 freeculture.xml:7197 freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:10339 freeculture.xml:10340 freeculture.xml:10341 freeculture.xml:11119 freeculture.xml:11180 freeculture.xml:12117
+msgid "Congress, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3206 freeculture.xml:4286 freeculture.xml:4370 freeculture.xml:7083 freeculture.xml:7197 freeculture.xml:10339
+msgid "on copyright laws"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3207 freeculture.xml:4287 freeculture.xml:10341
+msgid "on recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3208 freeculture.xml:4289 freeculture.xml:10167
+msgid "statutory licenses in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3209
+msgid "statutory license system in"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2909
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3219

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283&ndash;84 "
 "(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283&ndash;84 "
 "(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "


@@ -3687,105 +4676,119 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2920
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3230

 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
 "memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American "
 "Graphophone Company Association)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
 "memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American "
 "Graphophone Company Association)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2902
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3211

 msgid ""
 "These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
 "arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
 msgid ""
 "These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
 "arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "

-"argued that \"it is perfectly demonstrable that the introduction of "
+"argued that <quote>it is perfectly demonstrable that the introduction of "

 "automatic music players has not deprived any composer of anything he had "
 "automatic music players has not deprived any composer of anything he had "

-"before their introduction.\" Rather, the machines increased the sales of "
-"sheet music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In any case, the "
-"innovators argued, the job of Congress was \"to consider first the interest "
-"of [the public], whom they represent, and whose servants they are.\" \"All "
-"talk about `theft,'\" the general counsel of the American Graphophone "
-"Company wrote, \"is the merest claptrap, for there exists no property in "
-"ideas musical, literary or artistic, except as defined by "
-"statute.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"before their introduction.</quote> Rather, the machines increased the sales "
+"of sheet music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In any case, the "
+"innovators argued, the job of Congress was <quote>to consider first the "
+"interest of [the public], whom they represent, and whose servants they "
+"are.</quote> <quote>All talk about `theft,'</quote> the general counsel of "
+"the American Graphophone Company wrote, <quote>is the merest claptrap, for "
+"there exists no property in ideas musical, literary or artistic, except as "
+"defined by statute.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3235
+msgid "cover songs"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 70 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 70 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2928
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3237

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer and the recording "
-"artist. Congress amended the law to make sure that composers would be paid "
-"for the \"mechanical reproductions\" of their music. But rather than simply "
-"granting the composer complete control over the right to make mechanical "
-"reproductions, Congress gave recording artists a right to record the music, "
-"at a price set by Congress, once the composer allowed it to be recorded "
-"once. This is the part of copyright law that makes cover songs "
-"possible. Once a composer authorizes a recording of his song, others are "
-"free to record the same song, so long as they pay the original composer a "
-"fee set by the law."
+"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer "
+"<emphasis>and</emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to "
+"make sure that composers would be paid for the <quote>mechanical "
+"reproductions</quote> of their music. But rather than simply granting the "
+"composer complete control over the right to make mechanical reproductions, "
+"Congress gave recording artists a right to record the music, at a price set "
+"by Congress, once the composer allowed it to be recorded once. This is the "
+"part of copyright law that makes cover songs possible. Once a composer "
+"authorizes a recording of his song, others are free to record the same song, "
+"so long as they pay the original composer a fee set by the law."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3251
+msgid "compulsory license"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3252 freeculture.xml:4294 freeculture.xml:10166
+msgid "statutory licenses"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3254

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"American law ordinarily calls this a \"compulsory license,\" but I will "
-"refer to it as a \"statutory license.\" A statutory license is a license "
-"whose key terms are set by law. After Congress's amendment of the Copyright "
-"Act in 1909, record companies were free to distribute copies of recordings "
-"so long as they paid the composer (or copyright holder) the fee set by the "
-"statute."
+"American law ordinarily calls this a <quote>compulsory license,</quote> but "
+"I will refer to it as a <quote>statutory license.</quote> A statutory "
+"license is a license whose key terms are set by law. After Congress's "
+"amendment of the Copyright Act in 1909, record companies were free to "
+"distribute copies of recordings so long as they paid the composer (or "
+"copyright holder)  the fee set by the statute."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2960 freeculture.xml:13765
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3261 freeculture.xml:14917

 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Grisham, John"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2953
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3263

 msgid ""
 "This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
 "novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham gives the "
 "publisher permission. Grisham, in turn, is free to charge whatever he wants "
 "for that permission. The price to publish Grisham is thus set by Grisham, "
 "and copyright law ordinarily says you have no permission to use Grisham's "
 msgid ""
 "This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
 "novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham gives the "
 "publisher permission. Grisham, in turn, is free to charge whatever he wants "
 "for that permission. The price to publish Grisham is thus set by Grisham, "
 "and copyright law ordinarily says you have no permission to use Grisham's "

-"work except with permission of Grisham.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"work except with permission of Grisham."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2976
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3288

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and "

-"H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., "
+"H.R. 11794 Before the (Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., "

 "217 (1908) (statement of Senator Reed Smoot, chairman), reprinted in "
 "217 (1908) (statement of Senator Reed Smoot, chairman), reprinted in "

-"Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe "
-"Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976)."
+"<citetitle>Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act</citetitle>, "
+"E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman "
+"Reprints, 1976)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3274

 msgid ""
 "But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
 msgid ""
 "But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "

-"effect, the law subsidizes the recording industry through a kind of "
-"piracy&mdash;by giving recording artists a weaker right than it otherwise "
-"gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control over their creative "
-"work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of this less control are the "
-"recording industry and the public. The recording industry gets something of "
-"value for less than it otherwise would pay; the public gets access to a much "
-"wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress was quite explicit about "
-"its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was the monopoly power of "
-"rights holders, and that that power would stifle follow-on "
-"creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
+"through a kind of piracy&mdash;by giving recording artists a weaker right "
+"than it otherwise gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control over "
+"their creative work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of this less "
+"control are the recording industry and the public. The recording industry "
+"gets something of value for less than it otherwise would pay; the public "
+"gets access to a much wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress "
+"was quite explicit about its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was "
+"the monopoly power of rights holders, and that that power would stifle "
+"follow-on creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2985
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3299

 msgid ""
 "While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
 "historically it has been quite a supporter of the statutory license for "
 msgid ""
 "While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
 "historically it has been quite a supporter of the statutory license for "


@@ -3793,16 +4796,16 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3011
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3321

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
 "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March "
 "1967). I am grateful to Glenn Brown for drawing my attention to this report."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
 "the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March "
 "1967). I am grateful to Glenn Brown for drawing my attention to this report."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:2992
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3306

 msgid ""
 "the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
 "must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a "
 msgid ""
 "the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
 "must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a "


@@ -3818,69 +4821,84 @@ msgid ""
 "choice.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "choice.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3018
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3332

 msgid ""
 "By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
 "work, the record producers, and the public, benefit."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
 "work, the record producers, and the public, benefit."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3024 freeculture.xml:4135
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:3337 freeculture.xml:4482

 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Radio"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3026
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3338 freeculture.xml:4293 freeculture.xml:10343
+msgid "radio broadcast and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3341

 msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3356

 msgid "Hand, Learned"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Hand, Learned"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3032
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3347

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See 17 United States Code, sections 106 and 110. At the beginning, record "
-"companies printed \"Not Licensed for Radio Broadcast\" and other messages "
-"purporting to restrict the ability to play a record on a radio station.  "
-"Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument that a warning attached to a record "
-"might restrict the rights of the radio station. See RCA Manufacturing "
-"Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also Randal C.  Picker, "
-"\"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and "
-"the Propertization of Copyright,\" University of Chicago Law Review 70 "
-"(2003): 281.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
+"the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio "
+"Broadcast</quote> and other messages purporting to restrict the ability to "
+"play a record on a radio station.  Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument "
+"that a warning attached to a record might restrict the rights of the radio "
+"station. See <citetitle>RCA Manufacturing "
+"Co</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Whiteman</citetitle>, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd "
+"Cir. 1940). See also Randal C.  Picker, <quote>From Edison to the Broadcast "
+"Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of "
+"Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</citetitle> "
+"70 (2003): 281.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "

 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3029
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3344

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a \"public "
-"performance\" of the composer's work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> As I described above, the law gives the composer (or copyright "
-"holder)  an exclusive right to public performances of his work. The radio "
-"station thus owes the composer money for that performance."
+"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a "
+"<quote>public performance</quote> of the composer's work.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As I described above, the law gives the "
+"composer (or copyright holder)  an exclusive right to public performances of "
+"his work. The radio station thus owes the composer money for that "
+"performance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3374 freeculture.xml:9409 freeculture.xml:9884 freeculture.xml:12966
+msgid "Lovett, Lyle"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 72 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 72 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3049
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3364

 msgid ""
 "But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
 msgid ""
 "But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "

-"of the composer's work. The radio station is also performing a copy of the "
-"recording artist's work. It's one thing to have \"Happy Birthday\" sung on "
-"the radio by the local children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung "
-"by the Rolling Stones or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the "
-"value of the composition performed on the radio station.  And if the law "
-"were perfectly consistent, the radio station would have to pay the recording "
-"artist for his work, just as it pays the composer of the music for his work."
+"of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
+"performing a copy of the <emphasis>recording artist's</emphasis> work. It's "
+"one thing to have <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> sung on the radio by the "
+"local children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung by the Rolling "
+"Stones or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the value of the "
+"composition performed on the radio station.  And if the law were perfectly "
+"consistent, the radio station would have to pay the recording artist for his "
+"work, just as it pays the composer of the music for his work.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3062
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3379

 msgid ""
 "But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
 "station does not have to pay the recording artist. The radio station need "
 msgid ""
 "But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
 "station does not have to pay the recording artist. The radio station need "


@@ -3889,8 +4907,13 @@ msgid ""
 "must pay the composer something for the privilege of playing the song."
 msgstr ""
 
 "must pay the composer something for the privilege of playing the song."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3072
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3386 freeculture.xml:3898 freeculture.xml:6505 freeculture.xml:6521
+msgid "Madonna"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3388

 msgid ""
 "This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music.  Imagine "
 "it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "
 msgid ""
 "This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music.  Imagine "
 "it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "


@@ -3898,20 +4921,20 @@ msgid ""
 "she has to get your permission."
 msgstr ""
 
 "she has to get your permission."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3079
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3394

 msgid ""
 "Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
 "decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
 "our law, every time a radio station plays your song, you get some money. But "
 "Madonna gets nothing, save the indirect effect on the sale of her CDs. The "
 msgid ""
 "Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
 "decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
 "our law, every time a radio station plays your song, you get some money. But "
 "Madonna gets nothing, save the indirect effect on the sale of her CDs. The "

-"public performance of her recording is not a \"protected\" right. The radio "
-"station thus gets to pirate the value of Madonna's work without paying her "
-"anything."
+"public performance of her recording is not a <quote>protected</quote> "
+"right. The radio station thus gets to <emphasis>pirate</emphasis> the value "
+"of Madonna's work without paying her anything."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3088
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3406

 msgid ""
 "No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists "
 "benefit. On average, the promotion they get is worth more than the "
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists "
 "benefit. On average, the promotion they get is worth more than the "


@@ -3921,19 +4944,24 @@ msgid ""
 "nothing."
 msgstr ""
 
 "nothing."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:3098 freeculture.xml:4141
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:3416 freeculture.xml:4488

 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Cable TV"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3101
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3417 freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:8588 freeculture.xml:8627 freeculture.xml:15319
+msgid "cable television"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3419

 msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 73 
 msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 73 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3104
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3422

 msgid ""
 "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
 "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that "
 msgid ""
 "When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
 "television in 1948, most refused to pay broadcasters for the content that "


@@ -3944,80 +4972,85 @@ msgid ""
 "the content it enabled others to give away."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the content it enabled others to give away."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3114
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3432

 msgid "Anello, Douglas"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Anello, Douglas"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3433

 msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f13 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3121
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3434 freeculture.xml:3445
+msgid "Hyde, Rosel H."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3440

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
 "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee "
 "on the Judiciary, 89th Cong., 2nd sess., 78 (1966)  (statement of Rosel "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
 "Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee "
 "on the Judiciary, 89th Cong., 2nd sess., 78 (1966)  (statement of Rosel "

-"H. Hyde, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission)."
+"H. Hyde, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission).  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f14 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3132
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3452

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
 "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
 "general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3436

 msgid ""
 "Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft.  Rosel "
 msgid ""
 "Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft.  Rosel "

-"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of \"unfair and "
-"potentially destructive competition.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> There may have been a \"public interest\" in spreading the reach "
-"of cable TV, but as Douglas Anello, general counsel to the National "
-"Association of Broadcasters, asked Senator Quentin Burdick during testimony, "
-"\"Does public interest dictate that you use somebody else's "
-"property?\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As another broadcaster "
-"put it,"
+"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of <quote>unfair "
+"and potentially destructive competition.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There may have been a <quote>public "
+"interest</quote> in spreading the reach of cable TV, but as Douglas Anello, "
+"general counsel to the National Association of Broadcasters, asked Senator "
+"Quentin Burdick during testimony, <quote>Does public interest dictate that "
+"you use somebody else's property?</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> As another broadcaster put it,"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3143
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3463

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
 "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
 "general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3139
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3459

 msgid ""
 "The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
 "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid "
 "for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
 "business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid "
 "for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3149
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3469

 msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 
 msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3158
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3478

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B.  Krim, "
 "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United "
 "Artists Television, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B.  Krim, "
 "president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United "
 "Artists Television, Inc.)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3153
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3473

 msgid ""
 "All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
 "property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
 msgid ""
 "All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
 "property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "


@@ -4025,139 +5058,169 @@ msgid ""
 "words which would fit it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "words which would fit it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f17 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3484 freeculture.xml:3492
+msgid "Heston, Charlton"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3490

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "

-"president of the Screen Actors Guild)."
+"president of the Screen Actors Guild).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3165
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3486

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"These were \"free-ride[rs],\" Screen Actor's Guild president Charlton Heston "
-"said, who were \"depriving actors of compensation.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"These were <quote>free-ride[rs],</quote> Screen Actor's Guild president "
+"Charlton Heston said, who were <quote>depriving actors of "
+"compensation.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3174
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3497

 msgid ""
 "But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
 "General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
 "General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f18 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3188
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3513 freeculture.xml:3515
+msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3511

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M.  Zimmerman, "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Law Revision&mdash;CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M.  Zimmerman, "

-"acting assistant attorney general)."
+"acting assistant attorney general).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3179
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3502

 msgid ""
 "Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
 "protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
 "already compensated, who already have a monopoly, should be permitted to "
 msgid ""
 "Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
 "protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
 "already compensated, who already have a monopoly, should be permitted to "

-"extend that monopoly. . . . The question here is how much compensation they "
-"should have and how far back they should carry their right to "
-"compensation.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"extend that monopoly. &hellip; The question here is how much compensation "
+"they should have and how far back they should carry their right to "
+"compensation.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3194
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3519

 msgid ""
 "Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
 "held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
 "held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3198
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3523

 msgid ""
 "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
 msgid ""
 "It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "

-"whether cable companies had to pay for the content they \"pirated.\" In the "
-"end, Congress resolved this question in the same way that it resolved the "
-"question about record players and player pianos. Yes, cable companies would "
-"have to pay for the content that they broadcast; but the price they would "
-"have to pay was not set by the copyright owner.  The price was set by law, "
-"so that the broadcasters couldn't exercise veto power over the emerging "
-"technologies of cable. Cable companies thus built their empire in part upon "
-"a \"piracy\" of the value created by broadcasters' content."
+"whether cable companies had to pay for the content they "
+"<quote>pirated.</quote> In the end, Congress resolved this question in the "
+"same way that it resolved the question about record players and player "
+"pianos. Yes, cable companies would have to pay for the content that they "
+"broadcast; but the price they would have to pay was not set by the copyright "
+"owner.  The price was set by law, so that the broadcasters couldn't exercise "
+"veto power over the emerging technologies of cable. Cable companies thus "
+"built their empire in part upon a <quote>piracy</quote> of the value created "
+"by broadcasters' content."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3542

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, The Engine of Free "
-"Expression: Copyright on the Internet&mdash;The Myth of Free Information, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#13</ulink>. \"The threat of piracy&mdash;the use of someone else's creative "
-"work without permission or compensation&mdash;has grown with the Internet.\""
+"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
+"Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet&mdash;The Myth of Free "
+"Information</citetitle>, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #13</ulink>. <quote>The threat of "
+"piracy&mdash;the use of someone else's creative work without permission or "
+"compensation&mdash;has grown with the Internet.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3210
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3537

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"These separate stories sing a common theme. If \"piracy\" means using value "
-"from someone else's creative property without permission from that "
-"creator&mdash;as it is increasingly described today<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> &mdash; then every industry affected by "
-"copyright today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind of "
-"piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. . . . The list is long and could "
-"well be expanded. Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every "
-"generation&mdash;until now."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>These separate stories</emphasis> sing a common "
+"theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means using value from someone else's "
+"creative property without permission from that creator&mdash;as it is "
+"increasingly described today<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"&mdash; then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry affected by copyright today "
+"is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind of piracy. Film, records, "
+"radio, cable TV. &hellip; The list is long and could well be expanded. Every "
+"generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every generation&mdash;until "
+"now."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3232
-msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: \"Piracy\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3559
+msgid "Chapter Five: <quote>Piracy</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3234
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3561

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There is piracy of copyrighted material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in "
-"many forms. The most significant is commercial piracy, the unauthorized "
-"taking of other people's content within a commercial context. Despite the "
-"many justifications that are offered in its defense, this taking is "
-"wrong. No one should condone it, and the law should stop it."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>There is piracy</emphasis> of copyrighted "
+"material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in many forms. The most significant "
+"is commercial piracy, the unauthorized taking of other people's content "
+"within a commercial context. Despite the many justifications that are "
+"offered in its defense, this taking is wrong. No one should condone it, and "
+"the law should stop it."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 76 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 76 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3242
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3569

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of \"taking\" that is "
-"more directly related to the Internet. That taking, too, seems wrong to "
-"many, and it is wrong much of the time. Before we paint this taking "
-"\"piracy,\" however, we should understand its nature a bit more.  For the "
-"harm of this taking is significantly more ambiguous than outright copying, "
-"and the law should account for that ambiguity, as it has so often done in "
-"the past."
+"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of "
+"<quote>taking</quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That "
+"taking, too, seems wrong to many, and it is wrong much of the time. Before "
+"we paint this taking <quote>piracy,</quote> however, we should understand "
+"its nature a bit more.  For the harm of this taking is significantly more "
+"ambiguous than outright copying, and the law should account for that "
+"ambiguity, as it has so often done in the past."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3252
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3579

 msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Piracy I"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3580 freeculture.xml:3660 freeculture.xml:3710 freeculture.xml:15321
+msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3581 freeculture.xml:4033 freeculture.xml:9885 freeculture.xml:10740 freeculture.xml:14712 freeculture.xml:15303
+msgid "CDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3581
+msgid "foreign piracy of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f1 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3260
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3589

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), The "
-"Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003, July 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #14</ulink>. See also Ben "
-"Hunt, \"Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk,\" Financial Times, 14 "
-"February 2003, 11."
+"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
+"<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
+"July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#14</ulink>. See also Ben Hunt, <quote>Companies Warned on Music Piracy "
+"Risk,</quote> <citetitle>Financial Times</citetitle>, 14 February 2003, 11."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3254
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3583

 msgid ""
 "All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
 "businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
 msgid ""
 "All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
 "businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "


@@ -4168,16 +5231,16 @@ msgid ""
 "loses $3 billion annually worldwide to piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "loses $3 billion annually worldwide to piracy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3271
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3599

 msgid ""
 "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
 "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this "
 "book, should draw into doubt this simple point: This piracy is wrong."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
 "in the argument that most people make when talking about the subject of this "
 "book, should draw into doubt this simple point: This piracy is wrong."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3277
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3605

 msgid ""
 "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for "
 "it. We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred "
 msgid ""
 "Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for "
 "it. We could, for example, remind ourselves that for the first one hundred "


@@ -4188,8 +5251,8 @@ msgid ""
 "treated as right."
 msgstr ""
 
 "treated as right."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3288
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3614

 msgid ""
 "That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
 "taking of foreign works. It explicitly limited itself to American "
 msgid ""
 "That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
 "taking of foreign works. It explicitly limited itself to American "


@@ -4202,9 +5265,9 @@ msgid ""
 "legal wrong as well."
 msgstr ""
 
 "legal wrong as well."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 77 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3300
+#.  PAGE BREAK 77
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3625

 msgid ""
 "True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these "
 "countries. No country can be part of the world economy and choose not to "
 msgid ""
 "True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these "
 "countries. No country can be part of the world economy and choose not to "


@@ -4212,32 +5275,38 @@ msgid ""
 "but we will not allow any other nation to have a similar childhood."
 msgstr ""
 
 "but we will not allow any other nation to have a similar childhood."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3653
+msgid "agricultural patents"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:3328 freeculture.xml:12241 freeculture.xml:12674 freeculture.xml:12681
+#: freeculture.xml:3654 freeculture.xml:13258 freeculture.xml:13749 freeculture.xml:13756

 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Drahos, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3314
-msgid ""
-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 10&ndash;13, 209.  The "
-"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement "
-"obligates member nations to create administrative and enforcement mechanisms "
-"for intellectual property rights, a costly proposition for developing "
-"countries. Additionally, patent rights may lead to higher prices for staple "
-"industries such as agriculture. Critics of TRIPS question the disparity "
-"between burdens imposed upon developing countries and benefits conferred to "
-"industrialized nations. TRIPS does permit governments to use patents for "
-"public, noncommercial uses without first obtaining the patent holder's "
-"permission. Developing nations may be able to use this to gain the benefits "
-"of foreign patents at lower prices. This is a promising strategy for "
-"developing nations within the TRIPS framework.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3638
+msgid ""
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
+"<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
+"Press, 2003), 10&ndash;13, 209.  The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual "
+"Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement obligates member nations to create "
+"administrative and enforcement mechanisms for intellectual property rights, "
+"a costly proposition for developing countries. Additionally, patent rights "
+"may lead to higher prices for staple industries such as agriculture. Critics "
+"of TRIPS question the disparity between burdens imposed upon developing "
+"countries and benefits conferred to industrialized nations. TRIPS does "
+"permit governments to use patents for public, noncommercial uses without "
+"first obtaining the patent holder's permission. Developing nations may be "
+"able to use this to gain the benefits of foreign patents at lower "
+"prices. This is a promising strategy for developing nations within the TRIPS "
+"framework.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3309
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3633

 msgid ""
 "If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
 "laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
 msgid ""
 "If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
 "laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "


@@ -4248,21 +5317,26 @@ msgid ""
 "these nations, this piracy is wrong."
 msgstr ""
 
 "these nations, this piracy is wrong."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f3 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3341
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3675 freeculture.xml:3954 freeculture.xml:15469
+msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3668

 msgid ""
 "For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
 msgid ""
 "For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "

-"Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"144&ndash;90. \"In some instances . . . the impact of piracy on the "
-"copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the work will be "
-"negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the individual engaging "
-"in pirating would not have purchased an original even if pirating were not "
-"an option.\" Ibid., 149."
+"Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Amacom, 2002), 144&ndash;90. <quote>In some instances &hellip; the impact of "
+"piracy on the copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the "
+"work will be negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the "
+"individual engaging in pirating would not have purchased an original even if "
+"pirating were not an option.</quote> Ibid., 149.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3335
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3662

 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
 "case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
 "case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "


@@ -4271,57 +5345,109 @@ msgid ""
 "otherwise would have had.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "otherwise would have had.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3351
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3679

 msgid ""
 "This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
 "of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
 "have taken), and it does mitigate to some degree the harm caused by such "
 msgid ""
 "This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
 "of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
 "have taken), and it does mitigate to some degree the harm caused by such "

-"taking. Extremists in this debate love to say, \"You wouldn't go into Barnes "
-"&amp; Noble and take a book off of the shelf without paying; why should it "
-"be any different with on-line music?\" The difference is, of course, that "
-"when you take a book from Barnes &amp; Noble, it has one less book to "
-"sell. By contrast, when you take an MP3 from a computer network, there is "
-"not one less CD that can be sold.  The physics of piracy of the intangible "
-"are different from the physics of piracy of the tangible."
+"taking. Extremists in this debate love to say, <quote>You wouldn't go into "
+"Barnes &amp; Noble and take a book off of the shelf without paying; why "
+"should it be any different with on-line music?</quote> The difference is, of "
+"course, that when you take a book from Barnes &amp; Noble, it has one less "
+"book to sell. By contrast, when you take an MP3 from a computer network, "
+"there is not one less CD that can be sold.  The physics of piracy of the "
+"intangible are different from the physics of piracy of the tangible."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 78 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 78 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3364
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3693

 msgid ""
 "This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
 msgid ""
 "This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "

-"right of a very special sort, it is a property right. Like all property "
-"rights, the copyright gives the owner the right to decide the terms under "
-"which content is shared. If the copyright owner doesn't want to sell, she "
-"doesn't have to. There are exceptions: important statutory licenses that "
-"apply to copyrighted content regardless of the wish of the copyright "
-"owner. Those licenses give people the right to \"take\" copyrighted content "
-"whether or not the copyright owner wants to sell. But where the law does not "
-"give people the right to take content, it is wrong to take that content even "
-"if the wrong does no harm. If we have a property system, and that system is "
-"properly balanced to the technology of a time, then it is wrong to take "
-"property without the permission of a property owner. That is exactly what "
-"\"property\" means."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3385
+"right of a very special sort, it <emphasis>is</emphasis> a property "
+"right. Like all property rights, the copyright gives the owner the right to "
+"decide the terms under which content is shared. If the copyright owner "
+"doesn't want to sell, she doesn't have to. There are exceptions: important "
+"statutory licenses that apply to copyrighted content regardless of the wish "
+"of the copyright owner. Those licenses give people the right to "
+"<quote>take</quote> copyrighted content whether or not the copyright owner "
+"wants to sell. But where the law does not give people the right to take "
+"content, it is wrong to take that content even if the wrong does no harm. If "
+"we have a property system, and that system is properly balanced to the "
+"technology of a time, then it is wrong to take property without the "
+"permission of a property owner. That is exactly what <quote>property</quote> "
+"means."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3711 freeculture.xml:15322
+msgid "in Asia"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3712 freeculture.xml:13569 freeculture.xml:14155
+msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3713 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:12049 freeculture.xml:13584 freeculture.xml:14211
+msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3714 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:12051 freeculture.xml:13585 freeculture.xml:14212
+msgid "Linux operating system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3715
+msgid "competitive strategies of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3716
+msgid "Windows"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3717
+msgid "international software piracy of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3718
+msgid "Windows operating system of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3720

 msgid ""
 "Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "

-"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese \"steal\" "
-"Windows, that makes the Chinese dependent on Microsoft.  Microsoft loses the "
-"value of the software that was taken. But it gains users who are used to "
-"life in the Microsoft world. Over time, as the nation grows more wealthy, "
-"more and more people will buy software rather than steal it. And hence over "
-"time, because that buying will benefit Microsoft, Microsoft benefits from "
-"the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the "
-"free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not "
-"eventually be buying Microsoft.  Without piracy, then, Microsoft would lose."
+"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese "
+"<quote>steal</quote> Windows, that makes the Chinese dependent on "
+"Microsoft.  Microsoft loses the value of the software that was taken. But it "
+"gains users who are used to life in the Microsoft world. Over time, as the "
+"nation grows more wealthy, more and more people will buy software rather "
+"than steal it. And hence over time, because that buying will benefit "
+"Microsoft, Microsoft benefits from the piracy. If instead of pirating "
+"Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the free GNU/Linux operating system, "
+"then these Chinese users would not eventually be buying Microsoft.  Without "
+"piracy, then, Microsoft would lose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3732 freeculture.xml:4775 freeculture.xml:4999 freeculture.xml:6489 freeculture.xml:6565 freeculture.xml:6700 freeculture.xml:7112 freeculture.xml:14243
+msgid "law"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3401
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3732 freeculture.xml:14243
+msgid "databases of case reports in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3734

 msgid ""
 "This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good "
 "one. Many businesses practice it. Some thrive because of it. Law students, "
 msgid ""
 "This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good "
 "one. Many businesses practice it. Some thrive because of it. Law students, "


@@ -4331,8 +5457,18 @@ msgid ""
 "lawyers (and must pay high subscription fees)."
 msgstr ""
 
 "lawyers (and must pay high subscription fees)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3410
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3741
+msgid "Netscape"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3742
+msgid "Internet Explorer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3746

 msgid ""
 "Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
 "a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
 msgid ""
 "Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
 "a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "


@@ -4347,8 +5483,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 79 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 79 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3760

 msgid ""
 "Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
 "certainly see the motivation, in my view, in the end, these efforts at "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
 "certainly see the motivation, in my view, in the end, these efforts at "


@@ -4359,20 +5495,21 @@ msgid ""
 "draw that law into doubt. This form of piracy is flat out wrong."
 msgstr ""
 
 "draw that law into doubt. This form of piracy is flat out wrong."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3438
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3770

 msgid ""
 "But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
 msgid ""
 "But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "

-"suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all \"piracy\" is. Or at "
-"least, not all \"piracy\" is wrong if that term is understood in the way it "
-"is increasingly used today. Many kinds of \"piracy\" are useful and "
-"productive, to produce either new content or new ways of doing business.  "
-"Neither our tradition nor any tradition has ever banned all \"piracy\" in "
-"that sense of the term."
+"suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"is. Or at least, not all <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong if that term is "
+"understood in the way it is increasingly used today. Many kinds of "
+"<quote>piracy</quote> are useful and productive, to produce either new "
+"content or new ways of doing business.  Neither our tradition nor any "
+"tradition has ever banned all <quote>piracy</quote> in that sense of the "
+"term."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3447
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3779

 msgid ""
 "This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
 "concern, peer-to-peer file sharing. But it does mean that we need to "
 msgid ""
 "This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
 "concern, peer-to-peer file sharing. But it does mean that we need to "


@@ -4380,8 +5517,8 @@ msgid ""
 "to the gallows with the charge of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to the gallows with the charge of piracy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3785

 msgid ""
 "For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
 "controlling industry; and (2) like the original recording industry, it "
 msgid ""
 "For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
 "controlling industry; and (2) like the original recording industry, it "


@@ -4389,133 +5526,163 @@ msgid ""
 "one is selling the content that is shared on p2p services."
 msgstr ""
 
 "one is selling the content that is shared on p2p services."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3459
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3791

 msgid ""
 "These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
 "us to find a way to protect artists while enabling this sharing to survive."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
 "us to find a way to protect artists while enabling this sharing to survive."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:3466
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:3797

 msgid "Piracy II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 msgid "Piracy II"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3471
-msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3802
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 "
+"Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 80 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 80 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3468
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3799

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The key to the \"piracy\" that the law aims to quash is a use that \"rob[s] "
-"the author of [his] profit.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This "
-"means we must determine whether and how much p2p sharing harms before we "
-"know how strongly the law should seek to either prevent it or find an "
-"alternative to assure the author of his profit."
+"The key to the <quote>piracy</quote> that the law aims to quash is a use "
+"that <quote>rob[s] the author of [his] profit.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This means we must determine whether and how "
+"much p2p sharing harms before we know how strongly the law should seek to "
+"either prevent it or find an alternative to assure the author of his profit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3811
+msgid "Fanning, Shawn"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3493 freeculture.xml:8028
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3812 freeculture.xml:3819 freeculture.xml:9815
+msgid "innovation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3829 freeculture.xml:8821

 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3485
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3819

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary "
-"National Bestseller That Changed the Way We Do Business (New York: "
-"HarperBusiness, 2000). Professor Christensen examines why companies that "
-"give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently unable to come up "
-"with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own products.  This "
-"job usually falls to outside innovators, who reassemble existing technology "
-"in inventive ways. For a discussion of Christensen's ideas, see Lawrence "
-"Lessig, Future, 89&ndash;92, 139.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Clayton M. Christensen, "
+"<citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Bestseller "
+"That Changed the Way We Do Business</citetitle> (New York: HarperBusiness, "
+"2000). Professor Christensen examines why companies that give rise to and "
+"dominate a product area are frequently unable to come up with the most "
+"creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own products.  This job usually "
+"falls to outside innovators, who reassemble existing technology in inventive "
+"ways. For a discussion of Christensen's ideas, see Lawrence Lessig, "
+"<citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 89&ndash;92, 139.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3496
-msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3811
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> Peer-to-peer sharing "
+"was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the Napster technology had "
+"not made any major technological innovations.  Like every great advance in "
+"innovation on the Internet (and, arguably, off the Internet as "
+"well<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>), Shawn Fanning and crew had "
+"simply put together components that had been developed independently."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3480
-msgid ""
-"Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
-"Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations.  Like "
-"every great advance in innovation on the Internet (and, arguably, off the "
-"Internet as well<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), Shawn Fanning "
-"and crew had simply put together components that had been developed "
-"independently.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3834
+msgid "Kazaa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3835
+msgid "number of registrations on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3836
+msgid "replacement of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3504
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3842

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Carolyn Lochhead, \"Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,\" San "
-"Francisco Chronicle, 24 September 2002, A1; \"Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,\" New "
-"Scientist, 6 July 2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, \"Napster Names CEO, Secures "
-"New Financing,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 2003, C1; \"Napster's "
-"Wake-Up Call,\" Economist, 24 June 2000, 23; John Naughton, \"Hollywood at "
-"War with the Internet\" (London) Times, 26 July 2002, 18."
+"See Carolyn Lochhead, <quote>Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood "
+"Nightmare,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 "
+"September 2002, A1; <quote>Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"Scientist</citetitle>, 6 July 2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, <quote>Napster "
+"Names CEO, Secures New Financing,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
+"Chronicle</citetitle>, 23 May 2003, C1; <quote>Napster's Wake-Up "
+"Call,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 24 June 2000, 23; John "
+"Naughton, <quote>Hollywood at War with the Internet</quote> (London) "
+"<citetitle>Times</citetitle>, 26 July 2002, 18."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3499
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3834

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
-"amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
-"there were close to 80 million registered users of the system.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Courts quickly shut Napster down, but other "
-"services emerged to take its place. (Kazaa is currently the most popular p2p "
-"service. It boasts over 100 million members.) These services' systems are "
-"different architecturally, though not very different in function: Each "
-"enables users to make content available to any number of other users. With a "
-"p2p system, you can share your favorite songs with your best friend&mdash; "
-"or your 20,000 best friends."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> The result was "
+"spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster amassed over 10 "
+"million users within nine months. After eighteen months, there were close to "
+"80 million registered users of the system.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"3\"/> Courts quickly shut Napster down, but other services emerged to "
+"take its place. (Kazaa is currently the most popular p2p service. It boasts "
+"over 100 million members.) These services' systems are different "
+"architecturally, though not very different in function: Each enables users "
+"to make content available to any number of other users. With a p2p system, "
+"you can share your favorite songs with your best friend&mdash; or your "
+"20,000 best friends."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3526
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3865

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Ipsos-Insight, TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music Distribution "
-"(September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of Americans aged twelve and "
-"older have downloaded music off of the Internet and 30 percent have listened "
-"to digital music files stored on their computers."
+"See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
+"Distribution</citetitle> (September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of "
+"Americans aged twelve and older have downloaded music off of the Internet "
+"and 30 percent have listened to digital music files stored on their "
+"computers."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3874

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Amy Harmon, \"Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,\" New York "
-"Times, 6 June 2003, A1."
+"Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3859

 msgid ""
 "According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
 "tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
 "estimated that 60 million Americans had downloaded music&mdash;28 percent of "
 "Americans older than 12.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A survey "
 msgid ""
 "According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
 "tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
 "estimated that 60 million Americans had downloaded music&mdash;28 percent of "
 "Americans older than 12.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A survey "

-"by the NPD group quoted in The New York Times estimated that 43 million "
-"citizens used file-sharing networks to exchange content in May "
-"2003.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The vast majority of these "
-"are not kids. Whatever the actual figure, a massive quantity of content is "
-"being \"taken\" on these networks. The ease and inexpensiveness of "
-"file-sharing networks have inspired millions to enjoy music in a way that "
-"they hadn't before."
+"by the NPD group quoted in <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> "
+"estimated that 43 million citizens used file-sharing networks to exchange "
+"content in May 2003.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The vast "
+"majority of these are not kids. Whatever the actual figure, a massive "
+"quantity of content is being <quote>taken</quote> on these networks. The "
+"ease and inexpensiveness of file-sharing networks have inspired millions to "
+"enjoy music in a way that they hadn't before."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3546
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3883

 msgid ""
 "Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does "
 "not. And even among the part that is technically copyright infringement, "
 msgid ""
 "Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does "
 "not. And even among the part that is technically copyright infringement, "


@@ -4526,16 +5693,16 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 81 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 81 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3893

 msgid ""
 "File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
 "kinds into four types."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 msgid ""
 "File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
 "kinds into four types."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3901

 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "content. Thus, when a new Madonna CD is released, rather than buying the CD, "
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "content. Thus, when a new Madonna CD is released, rather than buying the CD, "


@@ -4547,8 +5714,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3575
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3911

 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
 "it. Thus, a friend sends another friend an MP3 of an artist he's not heard "
 msgid ""
 "There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
 "it. Thus, a friend sends another friend an MP3 of an artist he's not heard "


@@ -4560,8 +5727,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  C. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  C. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3922

 msgid ""
 "There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
 "that is no longer sold or that they would not have purchased because the "
 msgid ""
 "There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
 "that is no longer sold or that they would not have purchased because the "


@@ -4569,132 +5736,157 @@ msgid ""
 "among the most rewarding for many. Songs that were part of your childhood "
 "but have long vanished from the marketplace magically appear again on the "
 "network. (One friend told me that when she discovered Napster, she spent a "
 "among the most rewarding for many. Songs that were part of your childhood "
 "but have long vanished from the marketplace magically appear again on the "
 "network. (One friend told me that when she discovered Napster, she spent a "

-"solid weekend \"recalling\" old songs. She was astonished at the range and "
-"mix of content that was available.)  For content not sold, this is still "
-"technically a violation of copyright, though because the copyright owner is "
-"not selling the content anymore, the economic harm is zero&mdash;the same "
-"harm that occurs when I sell my collection of 1960s 45-rpm records to a "
-"local collector."
+"solid weekend <quote>recalling</quote> old songs. She was astonished at the "
+"range and mix of content that was available.)  For content not sold, this is "
+"still technically a violation of copyright, though because the copyright "
+"owner is not selling the content anymore, the economic harm is "
+"zero&mdash;the same harm that occurs when I sell my collection of 1960s "
+"45-rpm records to a local collector."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 82 
 #.  D. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 82 
 #.  D. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3609
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3939

 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or that the copyright owner wants to give away."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or that the copyright owner wants to give away."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3615
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3945

 msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f9 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3623
-msgid "See Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148&ndash;49."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3953
+msgid ""
+"See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
+"148&ndash;49.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3618
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3948

 msgid ""
 "Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
 "the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
 "economics, only type A sharing is clearly harmful.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Type B sharing is illegal but plainly "
 "beneficial. Type C sharing is illegal, yet good for society (since more "
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
 "the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
 "economics, only type A sharing is clearly harmful.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Type B sharing is illegal but plainly "
 "beneficial. Type C sharing is illegal, yet good for society (since more "

-"exposure to music is good) and harmless to the artist (since the work is not "
-"otherwise available). So how sharing matters on balance is a hard question "
-"to answer&mdash;and certainly much more difficult than the current rhetoric "
-"around the issue suggests."
+"exposure to music is good)  and harmless to the artist (since the work is "
+"not otherwise available). So how sharing matters on balance is a hard "
+"question to answer&mdash;and certainly much more difficult than the current "
+"rhetoric around the issue suggests."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3635
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3964

 msgid ""
 "Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
 "type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
 "complained about piano rolls, recording artists complained about radio, and "
 "broadcasters complained about cable TV, the music industry complains that "
 msgid ""
 "Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
 "type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
 "complained about piano rolls, recording artists complained about radio, and "
 "broadcasters complained about cable TV, the music industry complains that "

-"type A sharing is a kind of \"theft\" that is \"devastating\" the industry."
+"type A sharing is a kind of <quote>theft</quote> that is "
+"<quote>devastating</quote> the industry."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f10 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3653
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3971 freeculture.xml:3980 freeculture.xml:4340 freeculture.xml:8383 freeculture.xml:8412 freeculture.xml:10164 freeculture.xml:15029
+msgid "cassette recording"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3971 freeculture.xml:4340 freeculture.xml:8383 freeculture.xml:8412 freeculture.xml:10164 freeculture.xml:10165 freeculture.xml:15029 freeculture.xml:15030
+msgid "VCRs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3980

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young, Technology Evolution and the Music "
-"Industry's Business Model Crisis (2003), 3. This report describes the music "
-"industry's effort to stigmatize the budding practice of cassette taping in "
-"the 1970s, including an advertising campaign featuring a cassette-shape "
-"skull and the caption \"Home taping is killing music.\" At the time digital "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> See Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young, "
+"<citetitle>Technology Evolution and the Music Industry's Business Model "
+"Crisis</citetitle> (2003), 3. This report describes the music industry's "
+"effort to stigmatize the budding practice of cassette taping in the 1970s, "
+"including an advertising campaign featuring a cassette-shape skull and the "
+"caption <quote>Home taping is killing music.</quote> At the time digital "

 "audio tape became a threat, the Office of Technical Assessment conducted a "
 "survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 percent of consumers older than ten "
 "had taped music to a cassette format. U.S.  Congress, Office of Technology "
 "audio tape became a threat, the Office of Technical Assessment conducted a "
 "survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 percent of consumers older than ten "
 "had taped music to a cassette format. U.S.  Congress, Office of Technology "

-"Assessment, Copyright and Home Copying: Technology Challenges the Law, "
-"OTA-CIT-422 (Washington, D.C.: U.S.  Government Printing Office, October "
-"1989), 145&ndash;56."
+"Assessment, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying: Technology Challenges the "
+"Law</citetitle>, OTA-CIT-422 (Washington, D.C.: U.S.  Government Printing "
+"Office, October 1989), 145&ndash;56."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3644
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:3973

 msgid ""
 "While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
 "to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
 "technology for any drop in sales. The history of cassette recording is a "
 msgid ""
 "While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
 "to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
 "technology for any drop in sales. The history of cassette recording is a "

-"good example. As a study by Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young put it, \"Rather "
-"than exploiting this new, popular technology, the labels fought "
-"it.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The labels claimed that every "
-"album taped was an album unsold, and when record sales fell by 11.4 percent "
-"in 1981, the industry claimed that its point was proved. Technology was the "
-"problem, and banning or regulating technology was the answer."
+"good example. As a study by Cap Gemini Ernst &amp; Young put it, "
+"<quote>Rather than exploiting this new, popular technology, the labels "
+"fought it.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The labels "
+"claimed that every album taped was an album unsold, and when record sales "
+"fell by 11.4 percent in 1981, the industry claimed that its point was "
+"proved. Technology was the problem, and banning or regulating technology was "
+"the answer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3998
+msgid "MTV"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3682
-msgid "U.S. Congress, Copyright and Home Copying, 4."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4008
+msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3674
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4000

 msgid ""
 "Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
 msgid ""
 "Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "

-"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. \"In "
-"the end,\" Cap Gemini concludes, \"the `crisis' . . . was not the fault of "
-"the tapers&mdash;who did not [stop after MTV came into being]&mdash;but had "
-"to a large extent resulted from stagnation in musical innovation at the "
-"major labels.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record "
+"turnaround. <quote>In the end,</quote> Cap Gemini concludes, <quote>the "
+"`crisis' &hellip; was not the fault of the tapers&mdash;who did not [stop "
+"after MTV came into being]&mdash;but had to a large extent resulted from "
+"stagnation in musical innovation at the major labels.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3686
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4013

 msgid ""
 "But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
 "today. To evaluate the real threat that p2p sharing presents to the industry "
 "in particular, and society in general&mdash;or at least the society that "
 "inherits the tradition that gave us the film industry, the record industry, "
 "the radio industry, cable TV, and the VCR&mdash;the question is not simply "
 msgid ""
 "But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
 "today. To evaluate the real threat that p2p sharing presents to the industry "
 "in particular, and society in general&mdash;or at least the society that "
 "inherits the tradition that gave us the film industry, the record industry, "
 "the radio industry, cable TV, and the VCR&mdash;the question is not simply "

-"whether type A sharing is harmful. The question is also how harmful type A "
-"sharing is, and how beneficial the other types of sharing are."
+"whether type A sharing is harmful. The question is also "
+"<emphasis>how</emphasis> harmful type A sharing is, and how beneficial the "
+"other types of sharing are."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3696
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4023

 msgid ""
 "We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
 "standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause.  The "
 msgid ""
 "We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
 "standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause.  The "

-"\"net harm\" to the industry as a whole is the amount by which type A "
-"sharing exceeds type B. If the record companies sold more records through "
-"sampling than they lost through substitution, then sharing networks would "
-"actually benefit music companies on balance. They would therefore have "
-"little static reason to resist them."
+"<quote>net harm</quote> to the industry as a whole is the amount by which "
+"type A sharing exceeds type B. If the record companies sold more records "
+"through sampling than they lost through substitution, then sharing networks "
+"would actually benefit music companies on balance. They would therefore have "
+"little <emphasis>static</emphasis> reason to resist them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4033
+msgid "sales levels of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3705
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4035

 msgid ""
 "Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
 "sharing? Odd as that might sound, the data about CD sales actually suggest "
 msgid ""
 "Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
 "sharing? Odd as that might sound, the data about CD sales actually suggest "


@@ -4702,38 +5894,40 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3715
-msgid ""
-"See Recording Industry Association of America, 2002 Yearend Statistics, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#15</ulink>. A later report indicates even greater losses. See Recording "
-"Industry Association of America, Some Facts About Music Piracy, 25 June "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#16</ulink>: \"In the past four years, unit shipments of recorded music have "
-"fallen by 26 percent from 1.16 billion units in to 860 million units in 2002 "
-"in the United States (based on units shipped).  In terms of sales, revenues "
-"are down 14 percent, from $14.6 billion in to $12.6 billion last year (based "
-"on U.S. dollar value of shipments). The music industry worldwide has gone "
-"from a $39 billion industry in 2000 down to a $32 billion industry in 2002 "
-"(based on U.S. dollar value of shipments).\""
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3742
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4044
+msgid ""
+"See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
+"Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #15</ulink>. A later report "
+"indicates even greater losses. See Recording Industry Association of "
+"America, <citetitle>Some Facts About Music Piracy</citetitle>, 25 June 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #16</ulink>: "
+"<quote>In the past four years, unit shipments of recorded music have fallen "
+"by 26 percent from 1.16 billion units in to 860 million units in 2002 in the "
+"United States (based on units shipped).  In terms of sales, revenues are "
+"down 14 percent, from $14.6 billion in to $12.6 billion last year (based on "
+"U.S. dollar value of shipments). The music industry worldwide has gone from "
+"a $39 billion industry in 2000 down to a $32 billion industry in 2002 (based "
+"on U.S. dollar value of shipments).</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4071

 msgid "Black, Jane"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Black, Jane"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3739
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4068

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13 February "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#17</ulink>.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
+"13 February 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #17</ulink>.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3711
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4040

 msgid ""
 "In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
 "million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder "
 msgid ""
 "In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
 "million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder "


@@ -4742,18 +5936,19 @@ msgid ""
 "other causes that could account for this drop. SoundScan, for example, "
 "reports a more than 20 percent drop in the number of CDs released since "
 "1999. That no doubt accounts for some of the decrease in sales. Rising "
 "other causes that could account for this drop. SoundScan, for example, "
 "reports a more than 20 percent drop in the number of CDs released since "
 "1999. That no doubt accounts for some of the decrease in sales. Rising "

-"prices could account for at least some of the loss. \"From 1999 to 2001, the "
-"average price of a CD rose 7.2 percent, from $13.04 to $14.19.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Competition from other forms of media could "
-"also account for some of the decline. As Jane Black of BusinessWeek notes, "
-"\"The soundtrack to the film High Fidelity has a list price of $18.98. You "
-"could get the whole movie [on DVD] for $19.99.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"prices could account for at least some of the loss. <quote>From 1999 to "
+"2001, the average price of a CD rose 7.2 percent, from $13.04 to "
+"$14.19.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Competition from "
+"other forms of media could also account for some of the decline. As Jane "
+"Black of <citetitle>BusinessWeek</citetitle> notes, <quote>The soundtrack to "
+"the film <citetitle>High Fidelity</citetitle> has a list price of "
+"$18.98. You could get the whole movie [on DVD] for "
+"$19.99.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 84 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 84 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3756
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4086

 msgid ""
 "But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
 "because of Internet sharing. Here's the rub: In the same period that the "
 msgid ""
 "But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
 "because of Internet sharing. Here's the rub: In the same period that the "


@@ -4763,26 +5958,26 @@ msgid ""
 "percent."
 msgstr ""
 
 "percent."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3765
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4094

 msgid ""
 "There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
 "these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "
 msgid ""
 "There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
 "these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "

-"industry constantly asks, \"What's the difference between downloading a song "
-"and stealing a CD?\"&mdash;but their own numbers reveal the difference. If I "
-"steal a CD, then there is one less CD to sell. Every taking is a lost "
-"sale. But on the basis of the numbers the RIAA provides, it is absolutely "
-"clear that the same is not true of downloads. If every download were a lost "
-"sale&mdash;if every use of Kazaa \"rob[bed] the author of [his] "
-"profit\"&mdash;then the industry would have suffered a 100 percent drop in "
-"sales last year, not a 7 percent drop. If 2.6 times the number of CDs sold "
-"were downloaded for free, and yet sales revenue dropped by just 6.7 percent, "
-"then there is a huge difference between \"downloading a song and stealing a "
-"CD.\""
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3783
+"industry constantly asks, <quote>What's the difference between downloading a "
+"song and stealing a CD?</quote>&mdash;but their own numbers reveal the "
+"difference. If I steal a CD, then there is one less CD to sell. Every taking "
+"is a lost sale. But on the basis of the numbers the RIAA provides, it is "
+"absolutely clear that the same is not true of downloads. If every download "
+"were a lost sale&mdash;if every use of Kazaa <quote>rob[bed] the author of "
+"[his] profit</quote>&mdash;then the industry would have suffered a 100 "
+"percent drop in sales last year, not a 7 percent drop. If 2.6 times the "
+"number of CDs sold were downloaded for free, and yet sales revenue dropped "
+"by just 6.7 percent, then there is a huge difference between "
+"<quote>downloading a song and stealing a CD.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4110

 msgid ""
 "These are the harms&mdash;alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
 "real. What of the benefits? File sharing may impose costs on the recording "
 msgid ""
 "These are the harms&mdash;alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
 "real. What of the benefits? File sharing may impose costs on the recording "


@@ -4790,8 +5985,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4122

 msgid ""
 "By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
 "longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law&mdash;Coming "
 msgid ""
 "By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
 "longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law&mdash;Coming "


@@ -4801,8 +5996,8 @@ msgid ""
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #18</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #18</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3790
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4116

 msgid ""
 "One benefit is type C sharing&mdash;making available content that is "
 "technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available.  "
 msgid ""
 "One benefit is type C sharing&mdash;making available content that is "
 "technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available.  "


@@ -4812,60 +6007,81 @@ msgid ""
 "available because the artist producing the content doesn't want it to be "
 "made available, the vast majority of it is unavailable solely because the "
 "publisher or the distributor has decided it no longer makes economic sense "
 "available because the artist producing the content doesn't want it to be "
 "made available, the vast majority of it is unavailable solely because the "
 "publisher or the distributor has decided it no longer makes economic sense "

-"to the company to make it available."
+"<emphasis>to the company</emphasis> to make it available."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f16 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3821
-msgid ""
-"While there are not good estimates of the number of used record stores in "
-"existence, in 2002, there were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, "
-"an increase of 20 percent since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, The Quiet "
-"Revolution: The Expansion of the Used Book Market (2002), available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. Used records "
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4143 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4188 freeculture.xml:4699 freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:6164 freeculture.xml:6216 freeculture.xml:7183 freeculture.xml:7184 freeculture.xml:7570 freeculture.xml:7639 freeculture.xml:7927 freeculture.xml:14415 freeculture.xml:15141 freeculture.xml:15142
+msgid "books"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4135 freeculture.xml:4143 freeculture.xml:7183 freeculture.xml:15142
+msgid "resales of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4143
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> While there are not good "
+"estimates of the number of used record stores in existence, in 2002, there "
+"were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, an increase of 20 percent "
+"since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, <citetitle>The Quiet Revolution: The "
+"Expansion of the Used Book Market</citetitle> (2002), available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. Used records "

 "accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National Association of "
 "accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National Association of "

-"Recording Merchandisers, \"2002 Annual Survey Results,\" available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."
+"Recording Merchandisers, <quote>2002 Annual Survey Results,</quote> "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3815
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4137

 msgid ""
 "In real space&mdash;long before the Internet&mdash;the market had a simple "
 "response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
 "of used book and used record stores in America today.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These stores buy content from owners, then sell "
 "the content they buy. And under American copyright law, when they buy and "
 msgid ""
 "In real space&mdash;long before the Internet&mdash;the market had a simple "
 "response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
 "of used book and used record stores in America today.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These stores buy content from owners, then sell "
 "the content they buy. And under American copyright law, when they buy and "

-"sell this content, even if the content is still under copyright, the "
-"copyright owner doesn't get a dime. Used book and record stores are "
-"commercial entities; their owners make money from the content they sell; but "
-"as with cable companies before statutory licensing, they don't have to pay "
-"the copyright owner for the content they sell."
+"sell this content, <emphasis>even if the content is still under "
+"copyright</emphasis>, the copyright owner doesn't get a dime. Used book and "
+"record stores are commercial entities; their owners make money from the "
+"content they sell; but as with cable companies before statutory licensing, "
+"they don't have to pay the copyright owner for the content they sell."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3842
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:6164 freeculture.xml:7184 freeculture.xml:15141
+msgid "out of print"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4165

 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4166 freeculture.xml:7640
+msgid "books on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4168

 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
 "available isn't making money from making the content available.  It is also "
 "different, of course, because in real space, when I sell a record, I don't "
 "have it anymore, while in cyberspace, when someone shares my 1949 recording "
 msgid ""
 "Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
 "stores. It is different, of course, because the person making the content "
 "available isn't making money from making the content available.  It is also "
 "different, of course, because in real space, when I sell a record, I don't "
 "have it anymore, while in cyberspace, when someone shares my 1949 recording "

-"of Bernstein's \"Two Love Songs,\" I still have it. That difference would "
-"matter economically if the owner of the copyright were selling the record in "
-"competition to my sharing. But we're talking about the class of content that "
-"is not currently commercially available. The Internet is making it "
-"available, through cooperative sharing, without competing with the market."
+"of Bernstein's <quote>Two Love Songs,</quote> I still have it. That "
+"difference would matter economically if the owner of the copyright were "
+"selling the record in competition to my sharing. But we're talking about the "
+"class of content that is not currently commercially available. The Internet "
+"is making it available, through cooperative sharing, without competing with "
+"the market."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3857
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4181

 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "
 msgid ""
 "It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
 "copyright owner got something from this trade. But just because it may well "


@@ -4875,26 +6091,42 @@ msgid ""
 "well?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "well?"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4188 freeculture.xml:14415
+msgid "free on-line releases of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4189
+msgid "Doctorow, Cory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4190
+msgid "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (Doctorow)"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 86 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3865
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4192

 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
 "have shared or for which there is no continuing copyright. This sharing "
 "clearly benefits authors and society. Science fiction author Cory Doctorow, "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
 "sharing to occur&mdash;the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
 "have shared or for which there is no continuing copyright. This sharing "
 "clearly benefits authors and society. Science fiction author Cory Doctorow, "

-"for example, released his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, "
-"both free on-line and in bookstores on the same day. His (and his "
-"publisher's) thinking was that the on-line distribution would be a great "
-"advertisement for the \"real\" book. People would read part on-line, and "
-"then decide whether they liked the book or not. If they liked it, they would "
-"be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's content is type D content. If sharing "
-"networks enable his work to be spread, then both he and society are better "
-"off. (Actually, much better off: It is a great book!)"
+"for example, released his first novel, <citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic "
+"Kingdom</citetitle>, both free on-line and in bookstores on the same "
+"day. His (and his publisher's) thinking was that the on-line distribution "
+"would be a great advertisement for the <quote>real</quote> book. People "
+"would read part on-line, and then decide whether they liked the book or "
+"not. If they liked it, they would be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's "
+"content is type D content. If sharing networks enable his work to be spread, "
+"then both he and society are better off. (Actually, much better off: It is a "
+"great book!)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3882
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4210

 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "
 msgid ""
 "Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
 "no legal harm to authors at all. If efforts to solve the problem of type A "


@@ -4902,22 +6134,24 @@ msgid ""
 "important in order to protect type A content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "important in order to protect type A content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3888
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4216

 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
 msgid ""
 "The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "

-"says, \"This is how much we've lost,\" we must also ask, \"How much has "
-"society gained from p2p sharing? What are the efficiencies? What is the "
-"content that otherwise would be unavailable?\""
+"says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
+"<quote>How much has society gained from p2p sharing? What are the "
+"efficiencies? What is the content that otherwise would be "
+"unavailable?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3895
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4224

 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
 msgid ""
 "For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "

-"of the \"piracy\" that file sharing enables is plainly legal and good.  And "
-"like the piracy I described in chapter 4, much of this piracy is motivated "
-"by a new way of spreading content caused by changes in the technology of "
+"of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
+"good.  And like the piracy I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"pirates\"/>, much of this piracy is motivated by a "
+"new way of spreading content caused by changes in the technology of "

 "distribution. Thus, consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, "
 "radio, the recording industry, and cable TV, the question we should be "
 "asking about file sharing is how best to preserve its benefits while "
 "distribution. Thus, consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, "
 "radio, the recording industry, and cable TV, the question we should be "
 "asking about file sharing is how best to preserve its benefits while "


@@ -4926,27 +6160,27 @@ msgid ""
 "balance will be found only with time."
 msgstr ""
 
 "balance will be found only with time."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3908
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4238

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the target "
-"just what you call type A sharing?\""
+"<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
+"target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3925
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4254

 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
 "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #21</ulink>. For an "
 msgid ""
 "See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
 "(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
 "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #21</ulink>. For an "

-"account of the litigation and its toll on Napster, see Joseph Menn, All the "
-"Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning's Napster (New York: Crown "
-"Business, 2003), 269&ndash;82."
+"account of the litigation and its toll on Napster, see Joseph Menn, "
+"<citetitle>All the Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning's "
+"Napster</citetitle> (New York: Crown Business, 2003), 269&ndash;82."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3912
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4242

 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
 msgid ""
 "You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
 "the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "


@@ -4954,12 +6188,12 @@ msgid ""
 "itself. When Napster told the district court that it had developed a "
 "technology to block the transfer of 99.4 percent of identified infringing "
 "material, the district court told counsel for Napster 99.4 percent was not "
 "itself. When Napster told the district court that it had developed a "
 "technology to block the transfer of 99.4 percent of identified infringing "
 "material, the district court told counsel for Napster 99.4 percent was not "

-"good enough. Napster had to push the infringements \"down to "
-"zero.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"good enough. Napster had to push the infringements <quote>down to "
+"zero.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3935
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4265

 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "
 msgid ""
 "If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
 "technologies, not a war on copyright infringement. There is no way to assure "


@@ -4972,8 +6206,8 @@ msgid ""
 "copyright infringements caused by p2p."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright infringements caused by p2p."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3946
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4276

 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "
 msgid ""
 "Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
 "industry that we know today. The history of American law has been a process "


@@ -4984,22 +6218,42 @@ msgid ""
 "less."
 msgstr ""
 
 "less."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3957
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4285
+msgid "composers, copyright protections of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4290
+msgid "music recordings played on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4292
+msgid "copyright protections in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4295
+msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4297

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"So, as we've seen, when \"mechanical reproduction\" threatened the interests "
-"of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers against the "
-"interests of the recording industry. It granted rights to composers, but "
-"also to the recording artists: Composers were to be paid, but at a price set "
-"by Congress. But when radio started broadcasting the recordings made by "
-"these recording artists, and they complained to Congress that their "
-"\"creative property\" was not being respected (since the radio station did "
-"not have to pay them for the creativity it broadcast), Congress rejected "
-"their claim. An indirect benefit was enough."
+"So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
+"the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
+"against the interests of the recording industry. It granted rights to "
+"composers, but also to the recording artists: Composers were to be paid, but "
+"at a price set by Congress. But when radio started broadcasting the "
+"recordings made by these recording artists, and they complained to Congress "
+"that their <quote>creative property</quote> was not being respected (since "
+"the radio station did not have to pay them for the creativity it broadcast), "
+"Congress rejected their claim. An indirect benefit was enough."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3970
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4310

 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
 msgid ""
 "Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
 "claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "


@@ -5009,8 +6263,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 88 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:3980
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4321

 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "
 msgid ""
 "This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
 "served two important goals&mdash;indeed, the two central goals of any "


@@ -5022,17 +6276,18 @@ msgid ""
 "holders associated with broadcasters would use their power to stifle this "
 "new technology, cable. But if Congress had permitted cable to use "
 "broadcasters' content for free, then it would have unfairly subsidized "
 "holders associated with broadcasters would use their power to stifle this "
 "new technology, cable. But if Congress had permitted cable to use "
 "broadcasters' content for free, then it would have unfairly subsidized "

-"cable. Thus Congress chose a path that would assure compensation without "
-"giving the past (broadcasters)  control over the future (cable)."
+"cable. Thus Congress chose a path that would assure "
+"<emphasis>compensation</emphasis> without giving the past (broadcasters) "
+"control over the future (cable)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3998
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4339

 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Betamax"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4000
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4342

 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "
 msgid ""
 "In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
 "distributors of film content filed a lawsuit against another technology, the "


@@ -5040,32 +6295,38 @@ msgid ""
 "produced, the Betamax. Disney's and Universal's claim against Sony was "
 "relatively simple: Sony produced a device, Disney and Universal claimed, "
 "that enabled consumers to engage in copyright infringement. Because the "
 "produced, the Betamax. Disney's and Universal's claim against Sony was "
 "relatively simple: Sony produced a device, Disney and Universal claimed, "
 "that enabled consumers to engage in copyright infringement. Because the "

-"device that Sony built had a \"record\" button, the device could be used to "
-"record copyrighted movies and shows. Sony was therefore benefiting from the "
-"copyright infringement of its customers. It should therefore, Disney and "
-"Universal claimed, be partially liable for that infringement."
+"device that Sony built had a <quote>record</quote> button, the device could "
+"be used to record copyrighted movies and shows. Sony was therefore "
+"benefiting from the copyright infringement of its customers. It should "
+"therefore, Disney and Universal claimed, be partially liable for that "
+"infringement."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 89 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4013
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4356

 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
 "could have built the machine to block or inhibit any direct copying from a "
 "television broadcast. Or possibly, it could have built the machine to copy "
 msgid ""
 "There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
 "design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
 "could have built the machine to block or inhibit any direct copying from a "
 "television broadcast. Or possibly, it could have built the machine to copy "

-"only if there were a special \"copy me\" signal on the line. It was clear "
-"that there were many television shows that did not grant anyone permission "
-"to copy. Indeed, if anyone had asked, no doubt the majority of shows would "
-"not have authorized copying. And in the face of this obvious preference, "
-"Sony could have designed its system to minimize the opportunity for "
-"copyright infringement. It did not, and for that, Disney and Universal "
+"only if there were a special <quote>copy me</quote> signal on the line. It "
+"was clear that there were many television shows that did not grant anyone "
+"permission to copy. Indeed, if anyone had asked, no doubt the majority of "
+"shows would not have authorized copying. And in the face of this obvious "
+"preference, Sony could have designed its system to minimize the opportunity "
+"for copyright infringement. It did not, and for that, Disney and Universal "

 "wanted to hold it responsible for the architecture it chose."
 msgstr ""
 
 "wanted to hold it responsible for the architecture it chose."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4371
+msgid "on VCR technology"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f18 
 #.  f18 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4035
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4380

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
 "Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess., "


@@ -5074,78 +6335,85 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4047
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4392

 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 
 msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4052
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4397

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 480 F. Supp. 429, "
-"(C.D. Cal., 1979)."
+"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
+"Corp. of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4063
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4408

 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
 "Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4028
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4373

 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
 msgid ""
 "MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "

-"called VCRs \"tapeworms.\" He warned, \"When there are 20, 30, 40 million of "
-"these VCRs in the land, we will be invaded by millions of `tapeworms,' "
-"eating away at the very heart and essence of the most precious asset the "
-"copyright owner has, his copyright.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> \"One does not have to be trained in sophisticated marketing and "
-"creative judgment,\" he told Congress, \"to understand the devastation on "
-"the after-theater marketplace caused by the hundreds of millions of tapings "
-"that will adversely impact on the future of the creative community in this "
-"country. It is simply a question of basic economics and plain common "
-"sense.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Indeed, as surveys would "
-"later show, percent of VCR owners had movie libraries of ten videos or "
-"more<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> &mdash; a use the Court would "
-"later hold was not \"fair.\" By \"allowing VCR owners to copy freely by the "
-"means of an exemption from copyright infringementwithout creating a "
-"mechanism to compensate copyrightowners,\" Valenti testified, Congress would "
-"\"take from the owners the very essence of their property: the exclusive "
-"right to control who may use their work, that is, who may copy it and "
-"thereby profit from its reproduction.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"3\"/>"
+"called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
+"30, 40 million of these VCRs in the land, we will be invaded by millions of "
+"`tapeworms,' eating away at the very heart and essence of the most precious "
+"asset the copyright owner has, his copyright.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <quote>One does not have to be trained in "
+"sophisticated marketing and creative judgment,</quote> he told Congress, "
+"<quote>to understand the devastation on the after-theater marketplace caused "
+"by the hundreds of millions of tapings that will adversely impact on the "
+"future of the creative community in this country. It is simply a question of "
+"basic economics and plain common sense.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Indeed, as surveys would later show, 45 percent "
+"of VCR owners had movie libraries of ten videos or more<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> &mdash; a use the Court would later hold was "
+"not <quote>fair.</quote> By <quote>allowing VCR owners to copy freely by the "
+"means of an exemption from copyright infringement without creating a "
+"mechanism to compensate copyright owners,</quote> Valenti testified, "
+"Congress would <quote>take from the owners the very essence of their "
+"property: the exclusive right to control who may use their work, that is, "
+"who may copy it and thereby profit from its "
+"reproduction.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4079
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4426

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th "
-"Cir.  1981)."
+"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony "
+"Corp. of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir.  1981)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4068
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4429
+msgid "Kozinski, Alex"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4414

 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
 "its jurisdiction&mdash;leading Judge Alex Kozinski, who sits on that court, "
 msgid ""
 "It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
 "the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
 "its jurisdiction&mdash;leading Judge Alex Kozinski, who sits on that court, "

-"refers to it as the \"Hollywood Circuit\"&mdash;held that Sony would be "
-"liable for the copyright infringement made possible by its machines. Under "
-"the Ninth Circuit's rule, this totally familiar technology&mdash;which Jack "
-"Valenti had called \"the Boston Strangler of the American film industry\" "
-"(worse yet, it was a Japanese Boston Strangler of the American film "
+"refers to it as the <quote>Hollywood Circuit</quote>&mdash;held that Sony "
+"would be liable for the copyright infringement made possible by its "
+"machines. Under the Ninth Circuit's rule, this totally familiar "
+"technology&mdash;which Jack Valenti had called <quote>the Boston Strangler "
+"of the American film industry</quote> (worse yet, it was a "
+"<emphasis>Japanese</emphasis> Boston Strangler of the American film "

 "industry)&mdash;was an illegal technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "industry)&mdash;was an illegal technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "

-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 90 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4084
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4432

 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "
 msgid ""
 "But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit.  And in "
 "its reversal, the Court clearly articulated its understanding of when and "


@@ -5153,15 +6421,15 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f23 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4103
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4451

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 431 "
-"(1984)."
+"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
+"Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4093
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4441

 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
 msgid ""
 "Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
 "Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "


@@ -5171,132 +6439,129 @@ msgid ""
 "technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4108
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4457

 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
 "request. Congress was convinced that American film got enough, this "
 msgid ""
 "Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision.  But as with "
 "the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
 "request. Congress was convinced that American film got enough, this "

-"\"taking\" notwithstanding.  If we put these cases together, a pattern is "
-"clear:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4117
-msgid "Table"
+"<quote>taking</quote> notwithstanding.  If we put these cases together, a "
+"pattern is clear:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4121
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4468

 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "CASE"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4122
-msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS \"PIRATED\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4469
+msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4123
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4470

 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4124
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4471

 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4129
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4476

 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Recordings"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4130
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4477

 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Composers"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4131 freeculture.xml:4143 freeculture.xml:4149
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4478 freeculture.xml:4490 freeculture.xml:4496

 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "No protection"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4132 freeculture.xml:4144
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4479 freeculture.xml:4491

 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Statutory license"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4136
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4483

 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Recording artists"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4137
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4484

 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "N/A"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4138 freeculture.xml:4150
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4485 freeculture.xml:4497

 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Nothing"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4142
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4489

 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Broadcasters"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4147
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4494

 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "VCR"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:4148
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:4495

 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Film creators"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4160
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4507

 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
 "regulated by Congress to minimize the risk of piracy. The remedy Congress "
 "imposed did burden DAT producers, by taxing tape sales and controlling the "
 "technology of DAT. See Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (Title 17 of the "
 msgid ""
 "These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
 "cases as well. The technology of digital audio tape (DAT), for example, was "
 "regulated by Congress to minimize the risk of piracy. The remedy Congress "
 "imposed did burden DAT producers, by taxing tape sales and controlling the "
 "technology of DAT. See Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (Title 17 of the "

-"United States Code), Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat.  4237, codified at 17 "
-"U.S.C. §1001. Again, however, this regulation did not eliminate the "
-"opportunity for free riding in the sense I've described. See Lessig, Future, "
-"71. See also Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag,\" University of "
-"Chicago Law Review 70 (2003): 293&ndash;96.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>), Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat.  "
+"4237, codified at 17 U.S.C. §1001. Again, however, this regulation did not "
+"eliminate the opportunity for free riding in the sense I've described. See "
+"Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 71. See also Picker, <quote>From "
+"Edison to the Broadcast Flag,</quote> <citetitle>University of Chicago Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 293&ndash;96.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4504

 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
 msgid ""
 "In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
 "content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "

-"case, throughout our history, that change meant that someone got a \"free "
-"ride\" on someone else's work."
+"case, throughout our history, that change meant that someone got a "
+"<quote>free ride</quote> on someone else's work."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 91 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4177
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4525

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In none of these cases did either the courts or Congress eliminate all free "
-"riding. In none of these cases did the courts or Congress insist that the "
-"law should assure that the copyright holder get all the value that his "
-"copyright created. In every case, the copyright owners complained of "
-"\"piracy.\" In every case, Congress acted to recognize some of the "
-"legitimacy in the behavior of the \"pirates.\" In each case, Congress "
-"allowed some new technology to benefit from content made before. It balanced "
-"the interests at stake."
+"In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
+"Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
+"cases did the courts or Congress insist that the law should assure that the "
+"copyright holder get all the value that his copyright created. In every "
+"case, the copyright owners complained of <quote>piracy.</quote> In every "
+"case, Congress acted to recognize some of the legitimacy in the behavior of "
+"the <quote>pirates.</quote> In each case, Congress allowed some new "
+"technology to benefit from content made before. It balanced the interests at "
+"stake."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4189
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4538

 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "
 msgid ""
 "When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
 "the first four chapters of this section, this balance makes sense. Was Walt "


@@ -5308,116 +6573,138 @@ msgid ""
 "every cover band have to hire a lawyer to get permission to record a song?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "every cover band have to hire a lawyer to get permission to record a song?"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4549
+msgid "on balance of interests in copyright law"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f25 
 #.  f25 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4206
-msgid "Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4556
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
+"Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4201
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4551

 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
 msgid ""
 "We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
 "answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "

-"\"has never accorded the copyright owner complete control over all possible "
-"uses of his work.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Instead, the "
-"particular uses that the law regulates have been defined by balancing the "
-"good that comes from granting an exclusive right against the burdens such an "
-"exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically been done after "
-"a technology has matured, or settled into the mix of technologies that "
-"facilitate the distribution of content."
+"<quote>has never accorded the copyright owner complete control over all "
+"possible uses of his work.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Instead, the particular uses that the law regulates have been defined by "
+"balancing the good that comes from granting an exclusive right against the "
+"burdens such an exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically "
+"been done <emphasis>after</emphasis> a technology has matured, or settled "
+"into the mix of technologies that facilitate the distribution of content."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4567

 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
 "vs. wireless) is changing very quickly. No doubt the network should not "
 msgid ""
 "We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
 "changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires "
 "vs. wireless) is changing very quickly. No doubt the network should not "

-"become a tool for \"stealing\" from artists. But neither should the law "
-"become a tool to entrench one particular way in which artists (or more "
-"accurately, distributors) get paid. As I describe in some detail in the last "
-"chapter of this book, we should be securing income to artists while we allow "
-"the market to secure the most efficient way to promote and distribute "
+"become a tool for <quote>stealing</quote> from artists. But neither should "
+"the law become a tool to entrench one particular way in which artists (or "
+"more accurately, distributors) get paid. As I describe in some detail in the "
+"last chapter of this book, we should be securing income to artists while we "
+"allow the market to secure the most efficient way to promote and distribute "

 "content. This will require changes in the law, at least in the "
 "interim. These changes should be designed to balance the protection of the "
 "law against the strong public interest that innovation continue."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 "content. This will require changes in the law, at least in the "
 "interim. These changes should be designed to balance the protection of the "
 "law against the strong public interest that innovation continue."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4245
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4591

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"John Schwartz, \"New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software Echoes "
-"Past Efforts,\" New York Times, 22 September 2003, C3."
+"John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
+"Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
+"September 2003, C3."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4235
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4583

 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
 "efficient in moving content across a widely diverse network.  Left to "
 "develop, they could make the network vastly more efficient.  Yet these "
 msgid ""
 "This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
 "of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
 "efficient in moving content across a widely diverse network.  Left to "
 "develop, they could make the network vastly more efficient.  Yet these "

-"\"potential public benefits,\" as John Schwartz writes in The New York "
-"Times, \"could be delayed in the P2P fight.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone begins to talk about \"balance,\" the copyright "
-"warriors raise a different argument. \"All this hand waving about balance "
-"and incentives,\" they say, \"misses a fundamental point. Our content,\" the "
-"warriors insist, \"is our property. Why should we wait for Congress to "
-"`rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait before calling the "
-"police when your car has been stolen? And why should Congress deliberate at "
-"all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether the car thief had a "
-"good use for the car before we arrest him?\""
+"<quote>potential public benefits,</quote> as John Schwartz writes in "
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, <quote>could be delayed in the "
+"P2P fight.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4259
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4596

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"It is our property,\" the warriors insist. \"And it should be protected "
-"just as any other property is protected.\""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Yet when anyone</emphasis> begins to talk about "
+"<quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a different "
+"argument. <quote>All this hand waving about balance and incentives,</quote> "
+"they say, <quote>misses a fundamental point. Our content,</quote> the "
+"warriors insist, <quote>is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why should we "
+"wait for Congress to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait "
+"before calling the police when your car has been stolen? And why should "
+"Congress deliberate at all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether "
+"the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4267
-msgid "\"PROPERTY\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4608
+msgid ""
+"<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors "
+"insist. <quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is "
+"protected.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:4617
+msgid "<quote>Property</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 94 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4271
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4622

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The copyright warriors are right: A copyright is a kind of property. It can "
-"be owned and sold, and the law protects against its theft. Ordinarily, the "
-"copyright owner gets to hold out for any price he wants. Markets reckon the "
-"supply and demand that partially determine the price she can get."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The copyright warriors</emphasis> are right: A "
+"copyright is a kind of property. It can be owned and sold, and the law "
+"protects against its theft. Ordinarily, the copyright owner gets to hold out "
+"for any price he wants. Markets reckon the supply and demand that partially "
+"determine the price she can get."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4278
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4629

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a \"property\" right is a bit "
-"misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of property.  "
-"Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any expression is very "
-"odd. I understand what I am taking when I take the picnic table you put in "
-"your backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic table, and after I take it, "
-"you don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good idea you had to "
-"put a picnic table in the backyard&mdash;by, for example, going to Sears, "
-"buying a table, and putting it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking "
-"then?"
+"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
+"right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
+"property.  Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any expression "
+"is very odd. I understand what I am taking when I take the picnic table you "
+"put in your backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic table, and after I "
+"take it, you don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good "
+"<emphasis>idea</emphasis> you had to put a picnic table in the "
+"backyard&mdash;by, for example, going to Sears, buying a table, and putting "
+"it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking then?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4640 freeculture.xml:6450 freeculture.xml:14402
+msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4303
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4655

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in The "
-"Writings of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 6 (Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery "
-"Bergh, eds., 1903), 330, 333&ndash;34."
+"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
+"<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew "
+"A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh, eds., 1903), 330, 333&ndash;34."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4290
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4642

 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
 msgid ""
 "The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
 "though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "


@@ -5426,14 +6713,19 @@ msgid ""
 "anything from you when I copy the way you dress&mdash;though I might seem "
 "weird if I did it every day, and especially weird if you are a "
 "woman. Instead, as Thomas Jefferson said (and as is especially true when I "
 "anything from you when I copy the way you dress&mdash;though I might seem "
 "weird if I did it every day, and especially weird if you are a "
 "woman. Instead, as Thomas Jefferson said (and as is especially true when I "

-"copy the way someone else dresses), \"He who receives an idea from me, "
+"copy the way someone else dresses), <quote>He who receives an idea from me, "

 "receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his "
 "receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his "

-"taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.\"<placeholder "
+"taper at mine, receives light without darkening me.</quote><placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4309
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4660
+msgid "intangibility of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4662

 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
 msgid ""
 "The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
 "law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "


@@ -5442,217 +6734,331 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4324
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4675

 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
 "against the world to do or not do certain things that may or may not attach "
 "to a physical object. The right itself is intangible, even if the object to "
 msgid ""
 "As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
 "intangible.  A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
 "against the world to do or not do certain things that may or may not attach "
 "to a physical object. The right itself is intangible, even if the object to "

-"which it is (metaphorically) attached is tangible. See Adam Mossoff, \"What "
-"Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,\" Arizona Law Review 45 "
-"(2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
+"which it is (metaphorically) attached is tangible. See Adam Mossoff, "
+"<quote>What Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Arizona Law Review</citetitle> 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4317
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4670

 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
 msgid ""
 "But how, and to what extent, and in what form&mdash;the details, in other "
 "words&mdash;matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "

-"intangible into property emerged, we need to place this \"property\" in its "
-"proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"intangible into property emerged, we need to place this "
+"<quote>property</quote> in its proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4337
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4685

 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
 msgid ""
 "My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "

-"part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of \"copyright material is "
-"property\" in context. Where did the idea come from? What are its limits? "
-"How does it function in practice? After these stories, the significance of "
-"this true statement&mdash;\"copyright material is property\"&mdash; will be "
-"a bit more clear, and its implications will be revealed as quite different "
-"from the implications that the copyright warriors would have us draw."
+"part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
+"is property</quote> in context. Where did the idea come from? What are its "
+"limits? How does it function in practice? After these stories, the "
+"significance of this true statement&mdash;<quote>copyright material is "
+"property</quote>&mdash; will be a bit more clear, and its implications will "
+"be revealed as quite different from the implications that the copyright "
+"warriors would have us draw."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:4698
+msgid "Chapter Six: Founders"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4699
+msgid "English copyright law developed for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4702
+msgid "England, copyright laws developed in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4703 freeculture.xml:13943
+msgid "United Kingdom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4703
+msgid "history of copyright law in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4704 freeculture.xml:4874
+msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4351
-msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4705
+msgid "Henry V"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4353
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4707 freeculture.xml:4839
+msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4709

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. The play was first "
+"<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
+"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "

 "published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that Shakespeare had "
 "written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and the plays that "
 "he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever since. So "
 "deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into our culture "
 "that we often don't even recognize their source.  I once overheard someone "
 "published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that Shakespeare had "
 "written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and the plays that "
 "he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever since. So "
 "deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into our culture "
 "that we often don't even recognize their source.  I once overheard someone "

-"commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: \"I liked it, but "
-"Shakespeare is so full of clichés.\""
+"commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: <quote>I liked it, "
+"but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4720 freeculture.xml:4804 freeculture.xml:4913 freeculture.xml:5046
+msgid "Conger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4721
+msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4727
+msgid "Jonson, Ben"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4728
+msgid "Dryden, John"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4727

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
-"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
-"handsome \"definitive editions\" of classic works. In addition to Romeo and "
-"Juliet, he published an astonishing array of works that still remain at the "
-"heart of the English canon, including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben "
-"Jonson, John Milton, and John Dryden. See Keith Walker, \"Jacob Tonson, "
-"Bookseller,\" American Scholar 61:3 (1992): 424&ndash;31."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
+"prominent eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and "
+"for his handsome <quote>definitive editions</quote> of classic works. In "
+"addition to <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an "
+"astonishing array of works that still remain at the heart of the English "
+"canon, including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, "
+"and John Dryden. See Keith Walker, <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424&ndash;31."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4380
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4740

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective (Nashville: "
-"Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151&ndash;52."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
+"Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
+"151&ndash;52."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 97 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4365
-msgid ""
-"In 1774, almost 180 years after Romeo and Juliet was written, the "
-"\"copy-right\" for the work was still thought by many to be the exclusive "
-"right of a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent of a small group "
-"of publishers called the Conger<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who "
-"controlled bookselling in England during the eighteenth century. The Conger "
-"claimed a perpetual right to control the \"copy\" of books that they had "
-"acquired from authors. That perpetual right meant that no one else could "
-"publish copies of a book to which they held the copyright.  Prices of the "
-"classics were thus kept high; competition to produce better or cheaper "
-"editions was eliminated."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4723
+msgid ""
+"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
+"written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
+"many to be the exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob "
+"Tonson.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most "
+"prominent of a small group of publishers called the Conger<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who controlled bookselling in England during "
+"the eighteenth century. The Conger claimed a perpetual right to control the "
+"<quote>copy</quote> of books that they had acquired from authors. That "
+"perpetual right meant that no one else could publish copies of a book to "
+"which they held the copyright.  Prices of the classics were thus kept high; "
+"competition to produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f3 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4406
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4752 freeculture.xml:4805 freeculture.xml:4945 freeculture.xml:5126 freeculture.xml:5282
+msgid "British Parliament"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4754 freeculture.xml:7121
+msgid "renewability of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4755 freeculture.xml:4807 freeculture.xml:4851 freeculture.xml:4958 freeculture.xml:5045 freeculture.xml:7111
+msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4766

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
-"\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 40."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
+"argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
+"Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4396
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4757

 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
 "copyright is 1710, the year that the British Parliament adopted the first "
 msgid ""
 "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
 "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
 "copyright is 1710, the year that the British Parliament adopted the first "

-"\"copyright\" act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated that all "
-"published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable once "
-"if the author was alive, and that all works already published by 1710 would "
-"get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, Romeo and Juliet should have "
-"been free in 1731. So why was there any issue about it still being under "
-"Tonson's control in 1774?"
+"<quote>copyright</quote> act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated "
+"that all published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, "
+"renewable once if the author was alive, and that all works already published "
+"by 1710 would get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and "
+"Juliet</citetitle> should have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue "
+"about it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4414
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4775 freeculture.xml:4999
+msgid "common vs. positive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4776 freeculture.xml:5000
+msgid "positive law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4777
+msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4779

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
-"was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute of "
-"Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights.  The last law "
-"regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in 1695. That "
-"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
-"for the Crown to control what was published.  But after it expired, there "
-"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books."
+"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a "
+"<quote>copyright</quote> was&mdash;indeed, no one had. At the time the "
+"English passed the Statute of Anne, there was no other legislation governing "
+"copyrights.  The last law regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, "
+"had expired in 1695. That law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as "
+"a way to make it easier for the Crown to control what was published.  But "
+"after it expired, there was no positive law that said that the publishers, "
+"or <quote>Stationers,</quote> had an exclusive right to print books."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4790 freeculture.xml:4998 freeculture.xml:5069 freeculture.xml:5169
+msgid "common law"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4427
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4792

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There was no positive law, but that didn't mean that there was no law. The "
-"Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words of legislatures and "
-"the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern how people are to "
-"behave. We call the words from legislatures \"positive law.\" We call the "
-"words from judges \"common law.\" The common law sets the background against "
-"which legislatures legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that "
-"background only if it passes a law to displace it. And so the real question "
-"after the licensing statutes had expired was whether the common law "
-"protected a copyright, independent of any positive law."
+"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
+"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
+"of legislatures and the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern "
+"how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures "
+"<quote>positive law.</quote> We call the words from judges <quote>common "
+"law.</quote> The common law sets the background against which legislatures "
+"legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that background only if it "
+"passes a law to displace it. And so the real question after the licensing "
+"statutes had expired was whether the common law protected a copyright, "
+"independent of any positive law."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4806 freeculture.xml:5035 freeculture.xml:5143 freeculture.xml:5221
+msgid "Scottish publishers"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 98 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4444
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4809

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This question was important to the publishers, or \"booksellers,\" as they "
-"were called, because there was growing competition from foreign "
-"publishers. The Scottish, in particular, were increasingly publishing and "
-"exporting books to England. That competition reduced the profits of the "
-"Conger, which reacted by demanding that Parliament pass a law to again give "
-"them exclusive control over publishing. That demand ultimately resulted in "
-"the Statute of Anne."
+"This question was important to the publishers, or "
+"<quote>booksellers,</quote> as they were called, because there was growing "
+"competition from foreign publishers. The Scottish, in particular, were "
+"increasingly publishing and exporting books to England. That competition "
+"reduced the profits of the Conger, which reacted by demanding that "
+"Parliament pass a law to again give them exclusive control over "
+"publishing. That demand ultimately resulted in the Statute of Anne."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4820
+msgid "as narrow monopoly right"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4456
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4822

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The Statute of Anne granted the author or \"proprietor\" of a book an "
-"exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, however, and "
-"to the horror of the booksellers, the law gave the bookseller that right for "
-"a limited term. At the end of that term, the copyright \"expired,\" and the "
-"work would then be free and could be published by anyone. Or so the "
-"legislature is thought to have believed."
+"The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
+"book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
+"however, and to the horror of the booksellers, the law gave the bookseller "
+"that right for a limited term. At the end of that term, the copyright "
+"<quote>expired,</quote> and the work would then be free and could be "
+"published by anyone. Or so the legislature is thought to have believed."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4466
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4832

 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
 msgid ""
 "Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
 "limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "

-"limit they set, but why would they limit the right at all?"
+"limit they set, but why would they limit the right <emphasis>at "
+"all?</emphasis>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4471
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4841

 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
 msgid ""
 "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "

-"strong claim. Take Romeo and Juliet as an example: That play was written by "
-"Shakespeare. It was his genius that brought it into the world. He didn't "
-"take anybody's property when he created this play (that's a controversial "
-"claim, but never mind), and by his creating this play, he didn't make it any "
-"harder for others to craft a play. So why is it that the law would ever "
-"allow someone else to come along and take Shakespeare's play without his, or "
-"his estate's, permission? What reason is there to allow someone else to "
-"\"steal\" Shakespeare's work?"
+"strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
+"That play was written by Shakespeare. It was his genius that brought it into "
+"the world. He didn't take anybody's property when he created this play "
+"(that's a controversial claim, but never mind), and by his creating this "
+"play, he didn't make it any harder for others to craft a play. So why is it "
+"that the law would ever allow someone else to come along and take "
+"Shakespeare's play without his, or his estate's, permission? What reason is "
+"there to allow someone else to <quote>steal</quote> Shakespeare's work?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4483
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4853

 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
 msgid ""
 "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "

-"the notion of \"copyright\" that existed at the time of the Statute of "
-"Anne. Second, we have to see something important about \"booksellers.\""
+"the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
+"Statute of Anne. Second, we have to see something important about "
+"<quote>booksellers.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4858 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7802
+msgid "usage restrictions attached to"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 99 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4490
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4860

 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
 msgid ""
 "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "

-"apply the concept of \"copyright\" ever more broadly. But in 1710, it wasn't "
-"so much a concept as it was a very particular right. The copyright was born "
-"as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others from reprinting a "
-"book. In 1710, the \"copy-right\" was a right to use a particular machine to "
-"replicate a particular work. It did not go beyond that very narrow right. It "
-"did not control any more generally how a work could be used. Today the right "
-"includes a large collection of restrictions on the freedom of others: It "
-"grants the author the exclusive right to copy, the exclusive right to "
-"distribute, the exclusive right to perform, and so on."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4507
+"apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
+"1710, it wasn't so much a concept as it was a very particular right. The "
+"copyright was born as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others "
+"from reprinting a book. In 1710, the <quote>copy-right</quote> was a right "
+"to use a particular machine to replicate a particular work. It did not go "
+"beyond that very narrow right. It did not control any more generally how a "
+"work could be <emphasis>used</emphasis>. Today the right includes a large "
+"collection of restrictions on the freedom of others: It grants the author "
+"the exclusive right to copy, the exclusive right to distribute, the "
+"exclusive right to perform, and so on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4877

 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
 msgid ""
 "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
 "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "


@@ -5660,17 +7066,32 @@ msgid ""
 "the Shakespeare estate. It would not have controlled anything, for example, "
 "about how the work could be performed, whether the work could be translated, "
 "or whether Kenneth Branagh would be allowed to make his films. The "
 "the Shakespeare estate. It would not have controlled anything, for example, "
 "about how the work could be performed, whether the work could be translated, "
 "or whether Kenneth Branagh would be allowed to make his films. The "

-"\"copy-right\" was only an exclusive right to print&mdash;no less, of "
-"course, but also no more."
+"<quote>copy-right</quote> was only an exclusive right to print&mdash;no "
+"less, of course, but also no more."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4886
+msgid "Henry VIII, King of England"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4887
+msgid "monopoly, copyright as"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4519
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4888
+msgid "Statute of Monopolies (1656)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4890

 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "
 msgid ""
 "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British.  They had "

-"had a long and ugly experience with \"exclusive rights,\" especially "
-"\"exclusive rights\" granted by the Crown. The English had fought a civil "
-"war in part about the Crown's practice of handing out "
+"had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
+"especially <quote>exclusive rights</quote> granted by the Crown. The English "
+"had fought a civil war in part about the Crown's practice of handing out "

 "monopolies&mdash;especially monopolies for works that already existed. King "
 "Henry VIII granted a patent to print the Bible and a monopoly to Darcy to "
 "print playing cards. The English Parliament began to fight back against this "
 "monopolies&mdash;especially monopolies for works that already existed. King "
 "Henry VIII granted a patent to print the Bible and a monopoly to Darcy to "
 "print playing cards. The English Parliament began to fight back against this "


@@ -5679,28 +7100,38 @@ msgid ""
 "to deal with the growing monopoly in publishing."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to deal with the growing monopoly in publishing."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4903

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Thus the \"copy-right,\" when viewed as a monopoly right, was naturally "
-"viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the claim that "
-"\"it's my property, and I should have it forever,\" try sounding convincing "
-"when uttering, \"It's my monopoly, and I should have it forever.\") The "
-"state would protect the exclusive right, but only so long as it benefited "
-"society. The British saw the harms from specialinterest favors; they passed "
-"a law to stop them."
+"Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
+"naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
+"claim that <quote>it's my property, and I should have it forever,</quote> "
+"try sounding convincing when uttering, <quote>It's my monopoly, and I should "
+"have it forever.</quote>) The state would protect the exclusive right, but "
+"only so long as it benefited society. The British saw the harms from "
+"specialinterest favors; they passed a law to stop them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4911 freeculture.xml:5204
+msgid "Milton, John"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4912
+msgid "booksellers, English"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4559
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4931

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Philip Wittenberg, The Protection and Marketing of Literary Property (New "
-"York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
+"Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
+"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4546
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4916

 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "
 msgid ""
 "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
 "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers.  "


@@ -5709,14 +7140,24 @@ msgid ""
 "increasingly seen as monopolists of the worst kind&mdash;tools of the "
 "Crown's repression, selling the liberty of England to guarantee themselves a "
 "monopoly profit. The attacks against these monopolists were harsh: Milton "
 "increasingly seen as monopolists of the worst kind&mdash;tools of the "
 "Crown's repression, selling the liberty of England to guarantee themselves a "
 "monopoly profit. The attacks against these monopolists were harsh: Milton "

-"described them as \"old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of "
-"book-selling\"; they were \"men who do not therefore labour in an honest "
-"profession to which learning is indetted.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"described them as <quote>old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of "
+"book-selling</quote>; they were <quote>men who do not therefore labour in an "
+"honest profession to which learning is indetted.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4935
+msgid "Enlightenment"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4564
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4936
+msgid "knowledge, freedom of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4938

 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
 msgid ""
 "Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
 "knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "


@@ -5725,8 +7166,8 @@ msgid ""
 "powerful commercial interests were interfering with that idea."
 msgstr ""
 
 "powerful commercial interests were interfering with that idea."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4573
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4947

 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
 msgid ""
 "To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
 "booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "


@@ -5739,8 +7180,13 @@ msgid ""
 "culture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "culture."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4585
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4960 freeculture.xml:5095 freeculture.xml:5189 freeculture.xml:11144
+msgid "in perpetuity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4962

 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
 msgid ""
 "When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
 "anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "


@@ -5751,28 +7197,28 @@ msgid ""
 "more time."
 msgstr ""
 
 "more time."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4594
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4971

 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 msgid ""
 "Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
 "echo today,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4609
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4986

 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
 "Reign of Queen Anne, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by "
 "Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such "
 "Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (London, 1735), in Brief Amici "
 msgid ""
 "A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
 "House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
 "Reign of Queen Anne, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by "
 "Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such "
 "Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (London, 1735), in Brief Amici "

-"Curiae of Tyler T. Ochoa et al., 8, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) "
-"(No. 01-618)."
+"Curiae of Tyler T. Ochoa et al., 8, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01-618)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4599
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4976

 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
 msgid ""
 "I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
 "for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "


@@ -5783,157 +7229,199 @@ msgid ""
 "private Gain of the Booksellers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "private Gain of the Booksellers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4620
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5002

 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
 "authors certain protections through positive law, but those protections were "
 "not intended as replacements for the common law.  Instead, they were "
 "intended simply to supplement the common law.  Under common law, it was "
 msgid ""
 "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
 "of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
 "authors certain protections through positive law, but those protections were "
 "not intended as replacements for the common law.  Instead, they were "
 "intended simply to supplement the common law.  Under common law, it was "

-"already wrong to take another person's creative \"property\" and use it "
-"without his permission. The Statute of Anne, the booksellers argued, didn't "
-"change that. Therefore, just because the protections of the Statute of Anne "
-"expired, that didn't mean the protections of the common law expired: Under "
-"the common law they had the right to ban the publication of a book, even if "
-"its Statute of Anne copyright had expired. This, they argued, was the only "
-"way to protect authors."
+"already wrong to take another person's creative <quote>property</quote> and "
+"use it without his permission. The Statute of Anne, the booksellers argued, "
+"didn't change that. Therefore, just because the protections of the Statute "
+"of Anne expired, that didn't mean the protections of the common law expired: "
+"Under the common law they had the right to ban the publication of a book, "
+"even if its Statute of Anne copyright had expired. This, they argued, was "
+"the only way to protect authors."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f6 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4641
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5024 freeculture.xml:5034 freeculture.xml:5077
+msgid "Patterson, Raymond"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5024

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" Vanderbilt "
-"Law Review 40 (1987): 28. For a wonderfully compelling account, see "
-"Vaidhyanathan, 37&ndash;48."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair "
+"Use,</quote> <citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For "
+"a wonderfully compelling account, see Vaidhyanathan, 37&ndash;48."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4635
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5018

 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "
 msgid ""
 "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
 "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah.  Until "

-"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, \"The publishers "
-". . . had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher has for "
-"cattle.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller didn't "
-"care squat for the rights of the author.  His concern was the monopoly "
-"profit that the author's work gave."
+"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, <quote>The publishers "
+"&hellip; had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher has for "
+"cattle.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller "
+"didn't care squat for the rights of the author.  His concern was the "
+"monopoly profit that the author's work gave."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5033 freeculture.xml:5142
+msgid "Donaldson, Alexander"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4653
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5041

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, Authorship and Copyright "
-"(London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."
+"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
+"Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62&ndash;69."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4649
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5037

 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight.  The hero of "
 "this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f8 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4663
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5047
+msgid "Boswell, James"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5048
+msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5057 freeculture.xml:15566
+msgid "Rose, Mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5055

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Mark Rose, Authors and Owners (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), "
-"92."
+"Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
+"University Press, 1993), 92.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4673
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5066

 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ibid., 93."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4675
-msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4658
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5050

 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
 msgid ""
 "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "

-"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints \"of "
-"standard works whose copyright term had expired,\" at least under the "
-"Statute of Anne.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson's "
-"publishing house prospered and became \"something of a center for literary "
-"Scotsmen.\" \"[A]mong them,\" Professor Mark Rose writes, was \"the young "
-"James Boswell who, together with his friend Andrew Erskine, published an "
-"anthology of contemporary Scottish poems with Donaldson.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
+"<quote>of standard works whose copyright term had expired,</quote> at least "
+"under the Statute of Anne.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Donaldson's publishing house prospered and became <quote>something of a "
+"center for literary Scotsmen.</quote> <quote>[A]mong them,</quote> Professor "
+"Mark Rose writes, was <quote>the young James Boswell who, together with his "
+"friend Andrew Erskine, published an anthology of contemporary Scottish poems "
+"with Donaldson.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f10 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4684
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5077

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective, 167 (quoting "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Lyman Ray Patterson, "
+"<citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</citetitle>, 167 (quoting "

 "Borwell)."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Borwell)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4678
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5071

 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
 msgid ""
 "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
 "he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "

-"editions \"of the most popular English books, in defiance of the supposed "
-"common law right of Literary Property.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> His books undercut the Conger prices by 30 to 50 percent, and he "
-"rested his right to compete upon the ground that, under the Statute of Anne, "
-"the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
+"editions <quote>of the most popular English books, in defiance of the "
+"supposed common law right of Literary Property.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His books undercut the Conger prices by 30 to "
+"50 percent, and he rested his right to compete upon the ground that, under "
+"the Statute of Anne, the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5086
+msgid "Millar v. Taylor"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4692
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5088

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block \"piracy\" like "
-"Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the \"pirates,\" "
-"the most important early victory being Millar v. Taylor."
+"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
+"<quote>pirates,</quote> the most important early victory being "
+"<citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5094 freeculture.xml:5148
+msgid "Thomson, James"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5096
+msgid "Seasons, The (Thomson)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5097
+msgid "Taylor, Robert"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4704
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5106

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" Wayne Law Review 29 (1983): "
-"1152."
+"Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5099

 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
 msgid ""
 "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "

-"Thomson's poem \"The Seasons.\" Millar complied with the requirements of the "
-"Statute of Anne, and therefore received the full protection of the "
-"statute. After the term of copyright ended, Robert Taylor began printing a "
-"competing volume. Millar sued, claiming a perpetual common law right, the "
-"Statute of Anne notwithstanding.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
+"requirements of the Statute of Anne, and therefore received the full "
+"protection of the statute. After the term of copyright ended, Robert Taylor "
+"began printing a competing volume. Millar sued, claiming a perpetual common "
+"law right, the Statute of Anne notwithstanding.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4710
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5113

 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
 "the Statute of Anne gave booksellers, it did not, he held, extinguish any "
 "common law right. The question was whether the common law would protect the "
 msgid ""
 "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
 "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
 "the Statute of Anne gave booksellers, it did not, he held, extinguish any "
 "common law right. The question was whether the common law would protect the "

-"author against subsequent \"pirates.\" Mansfield's answer was yes: The "
-"common law would bar Taylor from reprinting Thomson's poem without Millar's "
-"permission. That common law rule thus effectively gave the booksellers a "
-"perpetual right to control the publication of any book assigned to them."
+"author against subsequent <quote>pirates.</quote> Mansfield's answer was "
+"yes: The common law would bar Taylor from reprinting Thomson's poem without "
+"Millar's permission. That common law rule thus effectively gave the "
+"booksellers a perpetual right to control the publication of any book "
+"assigned to them."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 103 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4721
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5128

 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "
 msgid ""
 "Considered as a matter of abstract justice&mdash;reasoning as if justice "
 "were just a matter of logical deduction from first "


@@ -5947,62 +7435,84 @@ msgid ""
 "the free culture that we inherited."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the free culture that we inherited."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5145

 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
 "however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4738
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5149

 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5150 freeculture.xml:5257
+msgid "House of Lords"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5151
+msgid "House of Lords vs."
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f12 
 #.  f12 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4744
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5157

 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ibid., 1156."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4740
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5153

 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
 "Beckett.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson then released an "
 "unauthorized edition of Thomson's works. Beckett, on the strength of the "
 msgid ""
 "Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
 "sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas "
 "Beckett.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson then released an "
 "unauthorized edition of Thomson's works. Beckett, on the strength of the "

-"decision in Millar, got an injunction against Donaldson. Donaldson appealed "
-"the case to the House of Lords, which functioned much like our own Supreme "
-"Court. In February of 1774, that body had the chance to interpret the "
-"meaning of Parliament's limits from sixty years before."
+"decision in <citetitle>Millar</citetitle>, got an injunction against "
+"Donaldson. Donaldson appealed the case to the House of Lords, which "
+"functioned much like our own Supreme Court. In February of 1774, that body "
+"had the chance to interpret the meaning of Parliament's limits from sixty "
+"years before."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5168
+msgid "Donaldson v. Beckett"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4754
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5171

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As few legal cases ever do, Donaldson v. Beckett drew an enormous amount of "
-"attention throughout Britain. Donaldson's lawyers argued that whatever "
-"rights may have existed under the common law, the Statute of Anne terminated "
-"those rights. After passage of the Statute of Anne, the only legal "
-"protection for an exclusive right to control publication came from that "
-"statute. Thus, they argued, after the term specified in the Statute of Anne "
-"expired, works that had been protected by the statute were no longer "
-"protected."
+"As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
+"throughout Britain. Donaldson's lawyers argued that whatever rights may have "
+"existed under the common law, the Statute of Anne terminated those "
+"rights. After passage of the Statute of Anne, the only legal protection for "
+"an exclusive right to control publication came from that statute. Thus, they "
+"argued, after the term specified in the Statute of Anne expired, works that "
+"had been protected by the statute were no longer protected."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4764
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5182

 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
 msgid ""
 "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "

-"the House and voted upon first by the \"law lords,\" members of special "
-"legal distinction who functioned much like the Justices in our Supreme "
-"Court. Then, after the law lords voted, the House of Lords generally voted."
+"the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
+"special legal distinction who functioned much like the Justices in our "
+"Supreme Court. Then, after the law lords voted, the House of Lords generally "
+"voted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5190 freeculture.xml:5258
+msgid "English legal establishment of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 104 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4771
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5192

 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
 msgid ""
 "The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
 "as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "


@@ -6013,139 +7523,172 @@ msgid ""
 "domain."
 msgstr ""
 
 "domain."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4789
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5201

 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Bacon, Francis"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4790
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5202

 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Bunyan, John"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4791
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5203

 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4792
-msgid "Milton, John"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4793
-msgid "Shakespeare, William"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4781
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5207

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"The public domain.\" Before the case of Donaldson v. Beckett, there was no "
-"clear idea of a public domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong "
-"argument that common law copyrights were perpetual.  After 1774, the public "
-"domain was born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the legal "
-"control over creative works expired, and the greatest works in English "
+"<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of "
+"<citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there "
+"was no clear idea of a public domain in England. Before 1774, there was a "
+"strong argument that common law copyrights were perpetual.  After 1774, the "
+"public domain was born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the "
+"legal control over creative works expired, and the greatest works in English "

 "history&mdash;including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and "
 "history&mdash;including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and "

-"Bunyan&mdash;were free of legal restraint.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
+"Bunyan&mdash;were free of legal restraint."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4806
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5233

 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Rose, 97."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5223

 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
 msgid ""
 "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
 "an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "

-"of the \"pirate publishers\" did their work, people celebrated the decision "
-"in the streets. As the Edinburgh Advertiser reported, \"No private cause has "
-"so much engrossed the attention of the public, and none has been tried "
-"before the House of Lords in the decision of which so many individuals were "
-"interested.\" \"Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon victory over literary "
-"property: bonfires and illuminations.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"of the <quote>pirate publishers</quote> did their work, people celebrated "
+"the decision in the streets. As the <citetitle>Edinburgh "
+"Advertiser</citetitle> reported, <quote>No private cause has so much "
+"engrossed the attention of the public, and none has been tried before the "
+"House of Lords in the decision of which so many individuals were "
+"interested.</quote> <quote>Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon victory over "
+"literary property: bonfires and illuminations.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4810
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5238

 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
 msgid ""
 "In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "

-"strong in the opposite direction. The Morning Chronicle reported:"
+"strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning "
+"Chronicle</citetitle> reported:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5244

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"By the above decision . . . near 200,000 pounds worth of what was honestly "
-"purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property is now "
-"reduced to nothing. The Booksellers of London and Westminster, many of whom "
-"sold estates and houses to purchase Copy-right, are in a manner ruined, and "
-"those who after many years industry thought they had acquired a competency "
-"to provide for their families now find themselves without a shilling to "
-"devise to their successors.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"By the above decision &hellip; near 200,000 pounds worth of what was "
+"honestly purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property "
+"is now reduced to nothing. The Booksellers of London and Westminster, many "
+"of whom sold estates and houses to purchase Copy-right, are in a manner "
+"ruined, and those who after many years industry thought they had acquired a "
+"competency to provide for their families now find themselves without a "
+"shilling to devise to their successors.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 105 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4831
-msgid ""
-"\"Ruined\" is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an exaggeration to say "
-"that the change was profound. The decision of the House of Lords meant that "
-"the booksellers could no longer control how culture in England would grow "
-"and develop. Culture in England was thereafter free.  Not in the sense that "
-"copyrights would not be respected, for of course, for a limited time after a "
-"work was published, the bookseller had an exclusive right to control the "
-"publication of that book. And not in the sense that books could be stolen, "
-"for even after a copyright expired, you still had to buy the book from "
-"someone. But free in the sense that the culture and its growth would no "
-"longer be controlled by a small group of publishers. As every free market "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5261
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
+"exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
+"of Lords meant that the booksellers could no longer control how culture in "
+"England would grow and develop. Culture in England was thereafter "
+"<emphasis>free</emphasis>.  Not in the sense that copyrights would not be "
+"respected, for of course, for a limited time after a work was published, the "
+"bookseller had an exclusive right to control the publication of that "
+"book. And not in the sense that books could be stolen, for even after a "
+"copyright expired, you still had to buy the book from someone. But "
+"<emphasis>free</emphasis> in the sense that the culture and its growth would "
+"no longer be controlled by a small group of publishers. As every free market "

 "does, this free market of free culture would grow as the consumers and "
 "producers chose. English culture would develop as the many English readers "
 "chose to let it develop&mdash; chose in the books they bought and wrote; "
 "does, this free market of free culture would grow as the consumers and "
 "producers chose. English culture would develop as the many English readers "
 "chose to let it develop&mdash; chose in the books they bought and wrote; "

-"chose in the memes they repeated and endorsed. Chose in a competitive "
-"context, not a context in which the choices about what culture is available "
-"to people and how they get access to it are made by the few despite the "
-"wishes of the many."
+"chose in the memes they repeated and endorsed. Chose in a "
+"<emphasis>competitive context</emphasis>, not a context in which the choices "
+"about what culture is available to people and how they get access to it are "
+"made by the few despite the wishes of the many."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4851
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5284

 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
 "Parliament is more pliant, free culture would be less protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
 "resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
 "Parliament is more pliant, free culture would be less protected."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:4859
-msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:5301
+msgid "Chapter Seven: Recorders"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5302 freeculture.xml:7609 freeculture.xml:7723 freeculture.xml:7782
+msgid "fair use and"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5303
+msgid "documentary film"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5304
+msgid "Else, Jon"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5305 freeculture.xml:5452 freeculture.xml:7608 freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:7722 freeculture.xml:7784
+msgid "fair use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5305
+msgid "in documentary film"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5306
+msgid "fair use of copyrighted material in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5308

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jon Else is a filmmaker. He is best known for his documentaries and has been "
-"very successful in spreading his art. He is also a teacher, and as a teacher "
-"myself, I envy the loyalty and admiration that his students feel for him. (I "
-"met, by accident, two of his students at a dinner party.  He was their god.)"
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Jon Else</emphasis> is a filmmaker. He is best known "
+"for his documentaries and has been very successful in spreading his art. He "
+"is also a teacher, and as a teacher myself, I envy the loyalty and "
+"admiration that his students feel for him. (I met, by accident, two of his "
+"students at a dinner party.  He was their god.)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4868
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5315

 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
 "a story about the freedom to create with film in America today."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4873
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5319 freeculture.xml:5385
+msgid "Wagner, Richard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5320 freeculture.xml:5399
+msgid "San Francisco Opera"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5322

 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "
 msgid ""
 "In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
 "focus was stagehands at the San Francisco Opera.  Stagehands are a "


@@ -6154,207 +7697,265 @@ msgid ""
 "make a perfect contrast to the art on the stage."
 msgstr ""
 
 "make a perfect contrast to the art on the stage."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5329
+msgid "Simpsons, The"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 107 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4881
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5331

 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
 "television set, while the stagehands played checkers and the opera company "
 msgid ""
 "During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
 "checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set.  Playing on the "
 "television set, while the stagehands played checkers and the opera company "

-"played Wagner, was The Simpsons. As Else judged it, this touch of cartoon "
-"helped capture the flavor of what was special about the scene."
+"played Wagner, was <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. As Else judged it, "
+"this touch of cartoon helped capture the flavor of what was special about "
+"the scene."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4890
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5340
+msgid "multiple copyrights associated with"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5342

 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
 msgid ""
 "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "

-"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of The Simpsons.  For of "
-"course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and of course, to use copyrighted "
-"material you need the permission of the copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" "
-"or some other privilege applies."
+"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
+"Simpsons</citetitle>.  For of course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and "
+"of course, to use copyrighted material you need the permission of the "
+"copyright owner, unless <quote>fair use</quote> or some other privilege "
+"applies."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4902 freeculture.xml:4910
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5348

 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Gracie Films"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4897
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5349 freeculture.xml:5410 freeculture.xml:5474
+msgid "Groening, Matt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5351

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Else called Simpsons creator Matt Groening's office to get permission.  "
-"Groening approved the shot. The shot was a four-and-a-halfsecond image on a "
-"tiny television set in the corner of the room. How could it hurt? Groening "
-"was happy to have it in the film, but he told Else to contact Gracie Films, "
-"the company that produces the program.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
+"to get permission.  Groening approved the shot. The shot was a "
+"four-and-a-halfsecond image on a tiny television set in the corner of the "
+"room. How could it hurt? Groening was happy to have it in the film, but he "
+"told Else to contact Gracie Films, the company that produces the program."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5357 freeculture.xml:5409 freeculture.xml:5473
+msgid "Fox (film company)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4905
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5359

 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
 "called Fox and told them about the clip in the corner of the one room shot "
 "of the film. Matt Groening had already given permission, Else said. He was "
 msgid ""
 "Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
 "careful. So they told Else to contact Fox, Gracie's parent company.  Else "
 "called Fox and told them about the clip in the corner of the one room shot "
 "of the film. Matt Groening had already given permission, Else said. He was "

-"just confirming the permission with Fox.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"just confirming the permission with Fox."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4913
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5367

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered . . . that "
-"Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least that someone "
-"[at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, Fox "
-"\"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to use this "
-"four-point-five seconds of . . . entirely unsolicited Simpsons which was in "
-"the corner of the shot.\""
+"Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
+"&hellip; that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation&mdash;or at least "
+"that someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.</quote> And "
+"second, Fox <quote>wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to "
+"use this four-point-five seconds of &hellip; entirely unsolicited "
+"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5376
+msgid "Herrera, Rebecca"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5378

 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "
 msgid ""
 "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
 "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera.  He explained "

-"to her, \"There must be some mistake here. . . .  We're asking for your "
-"educational rate on this.\" That was the educational rate, Herrera told "
-"Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what he had been told."
+"to her, <quote>There must be some mistake here. &hellip; We're asking for "
+"your educational rate on this.</quote> That was the educational rate, "
+"Herrera told Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what he "
+"had been told."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 108 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5387

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
-"have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the clip "
-"of The Simpsons in the corner of a shot in a documentary film about Wagner's "
-"Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, Herrera told Else, \"And if you quote "
-"me, I'll turn you over to our attorneys.\" As an assistant to Herrera told "
-"Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They just want the money.\""
+"<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told "
+"me. <quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would "
+"cost $10,000 to use the clip of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle> in the "
+"corner of a shot in a documentary film about Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, "
+"astonishingly, Herrera told Else, <quote>And if you quote me, I'll turn you "
+"over to our attorneys.</quote> As an assistant to Herrera told Else later "
+"on, <quote>They don't give a shit. They just want the money.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5400
+msgid "Day After Trinity, The"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4941
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5402

 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
 "reality was beyond the documentary filmmaker's budget. At the very last "
 "minute before the film was to be released, Else digitally replaced the shot "
 msgid ""
 "Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
 "the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
 "reality was beyond the documentary filmmaker's budget. At the very last "
 "minute before the film was to be released, Else digitally replaced the shot "

-"with a clip from another film that he had worked on, The Day After Trinity, "
-"from ten years before."
+"with a clip from another film that he had worked on, <citetitle>The Day "
+"After Trinity</citetitle>, from ten years before."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4949
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5412

 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
 msgid ""
 "There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "

-"copyright to The Simpsons. That copyright is their property.  To use that "
-"copyrighted material thus sometimes requires the permission of the copyright "
-"owner. If the use that Else wanted to make of the Simpsons copyright were "
-"one of the uses restricted by the law, then he would need to get the "
-"permission of the copyright owner before he could use the work in that "
-"way. And in a free market, it is the owner of the copyright who gets to set "
-"the price for any use that the law says the owner gets to control."
+"copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
+"property.  To use that copyrighted material thus sometimes requires the "
+"permission of the copyright owner. If the use that Else wanted to make of "
+"the <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> copyright were one of the uses "
+"restricted by the law, then he would need to get the permission of the "
+"copyright owner before he could use the work in that way. And in a free "
+"market, it is the owner of the copyright who gets to set the price for any "
+"use that the law says the owner gets to control."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4960
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5423

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of The Simpsons that the "
-"copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection of favorite "
-"episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets to come see \"My "
-"Favorite Simpsons,\" then you need to get permission from the copyright "
-"owner. And the copyright owner (rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she "
-"wants&mdash;$10 or $1,000,000. That's her right, as set by the law."
+"For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
+"Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
+"selection of favorite episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets "
+"to come see <quote>My Favorite <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>,</quote> then "
+"you need to get permission from the copyright owner. And the copyright owner "
+"(rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she wants&mdash;$10 or "
+"$1,000,000. That's her right, as set by the law."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4972
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5435

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
-"don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner with "
-"William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of Eldred \" "
-"(draft on file with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August "
-"2003."
+"For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
+"lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
+"Richard A. Posner with William F. Patry, <quote>Fair Use and Statutory "
+"Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle></quote> (draft on file "
+"with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4969
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5432

 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
 msgid ""
 "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "

-"is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's use of just "
-"4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a Simpsons episode is clearly a fair use "
-"of The Simpsons&mdash;and fair use does not require the permission of "
-"anyone."
+"is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
+"use of just 4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a "
+"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> episode is clearly a fair use of "
+"<citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>&mdash;and fair use does not require the "
+"permission of anyone."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 109 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4984
-msgid "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his reply:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5449
+msgid ""
+"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
+"his reply:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5452 freeculture.xml:7784
+msgid "legal intimidation tactics against"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4988
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5454

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The Simpsons fiasco was for me a great lesson in the gulf between what "
-"lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what is crushingly "
-"relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make and broadcast "
-"documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was \"clearly fair use\" in an "
-"absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in any concrete "
-"way. Here's why:"
+"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
+"gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
+"is crushingly relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make "
+"and broadcast documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was "
+"<quote>clearly fair use</quote> in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't "
+"rely on the concept in any concrete way. Here's why:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5463
+msgid "Errors and Omissions insurance"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:4998
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5466

 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
 msgid ""
 "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "

-"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed \"visual cue "
-"sheet\" listing the source and licensing status of each shot in the "
-"film. They take a dim view of \"fair use,\" and a claim of \"fair use\" can "
-"grind the application process to a halt."
+"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
+"sheet</quote> listing the source and licensing status of each shot in the "
+"film. They take a dim view of <quote>fair use,</quote> and a claim of "
+"<quote>fair use</quote> can grind the application process to a halt."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5475
+msgid "Lucas, George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5476
+msgid "<citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5006
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5479

 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
 msgid ""
 "I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
 "knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "

-"stopping unlicensed Simpsons usage, just as George Lucas had a very high "
-"profile litigating Star Wars usage. So I decided to play by the book, "
-"thinking that we would be granted free or cheap license to four seconds of "
-"Simpsons. As a documentary producer working to exhaustion on a shoestring, "
-"the last thing I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even nuisance legal "
-"trouble, and even to defend a principle."
+"stopping unlicensed <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> usage, just as George "
+"Lucas had a very high profile litigating <citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle> "
+"usage. So I decided to play by the book, thinking that we would be granted "
+"free or cheap license to four seconds of <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>. As "
+"a documentary producer working to exhaustion on a shoestring, the last thing "
+"I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even nuisance legal trouble, and even to "
+"defend a principle."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 110 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5018
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5491

 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
 msgid ""
 "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "

-". . . who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox would "
-"\"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,\" regardless of "
-"the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil down to who had the "
-"bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or them."
+"&hellip; who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
+"would <quote>depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,</quote> "
+"regardless of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil down "
+"to who had the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or them."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  4. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5028
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5503

 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
 "are up against a release deadline and out of money."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5035
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5511

 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "
 msgid ""
 "In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
 "supports free culture and insulates against a permission culture.  But in "


@@ -6364,8 +7965,8 @@ msgid ""
 "right aim; practice has defeated the aim."
 msgstr ""
 
 "right aim; practice has defeated the aim."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5043
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5519

 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "
 msgid ""
 "This practice shows just how far the law has come from its "
 "eighteenth-century roots. The law was born as a shield to protect "


@@ -6373,33 +7974,43 @@ msgid ""
 "matured into a sword that interferes with any use, transformative or not."
 msgstr ""
 
 "matured into a sword that interferes with any use, transformative or not."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5052
-msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:5534
+msgid "Chapter Eight: Transformers"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5053
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5535

 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Allen, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5054 freeculture.xml:5062 freeculture.xml:5073 freeculture.xml:5088 freeculture.xml:5097 freeculture.xml:5102 freeculture.xml:5154 freeculture.xml:5170 freeculture.xml:5193 freeculture.xml:5255 freeculture.xml:9612
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5536 freeculture.xml:5596 freeculture.xml:5781 freeculture.xml:10497 freeculture.xml:14932

 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Alben, Alex"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5056
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5539

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1993, Alex Alben was a lawyer working at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an "
-"innovative company founded by Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen to develop "
-"digital entertainment. Long before the Internet became popular, Starwave "
-"began investing in new technology for delivering entertainment in "
-"anticipation of the power of networks."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1993</emphasis>, Alex Alben was a lawyer working "
+"at Starwave, Inc.  Starwave was an innovative company founded by Microsoft "
+"cofounder Paul Allen to develop digital entertainment. Long before the "
+"Internet became popular, Starwave began investing in new technology for "
+"delivering entertainment in anticipation of the power of networks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5546
+msgid "retrospective compilations on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5547
+msgid "CD-ROMs, film clips used in"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5064
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5549

 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "
 msgid ""
 "Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
 "emerging market for CD-ROM technology&mdash;not to distribute film, but to "


@@ -6410,8 +8021,8 @@ msgid ""
 "and interviews with figures important to his career."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and interviews with figures important to his career."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5075
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5559

 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "
 msgid ""
 "At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
 "director. Alben began with a series of interviews with Eastwood, asking him "


@@ -6420,8 +8031,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 112 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5082
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5566

 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "
 msgid ""
 "That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
 "wanted to add content from the movies in Eastwood's career: posters, "


@@ -6430,53 +8041,50 @@ msgid ""
 "permission for that content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "permission for that content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5090
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5573

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. \"Our goal was "
-"that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's films,\" "
-"Alben told me. It was here that the problem arose. \"No one had ever really "
-"done this before,\" Alben explained. \"No one had ever tried to do this in "
-"the context of an artistic look at an actor's career.\""
+"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
+"goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
+"films,</quote> Alben told me. It was here that the problem arose. <quote>No "
+"one had ever really done this before,</quote> Alben explained. <quote>No one "
+"had ever tried to do this in the context of an artistic look at an actor's "
+"career.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5099
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5581

 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "
 msgid ""
 "Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave.  Slade asked, "

-"\"Well, what will it take?\""
+"<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5115
-msgid "artists"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5595

 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "publicity rights on images of"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5110
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5591

 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
 msgid ""
 "Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
 "publicity&mdash;rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "

-"of his image.  But these rights, too, burden \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" creativity, "
-"as this chapter evinces.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"of his image.  But these rights, too, burden <quote>Rip, Mix, Burn</quote> "
+"creativity, as this chapter evinces.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5104
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5585

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Alben replied, \"Well, we're going to have to clear rights from everyone who "
-"appears in these films, and the music and everything else that we want to "
-"use in these film clips.\" Slade said, \"Great! Go for it.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
+"everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
+"we want to use in these film clips.</quote> Slade said, <quote>Great! Go for "
+"it.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5121
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5600

 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "
 msgid ""
 "The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
 "those rights would mean. Every actor in each of the films could have a claim "


@@ -6485,27 +8093,28 @@ msgid ""
 "Starwave was to do."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Starwave was to do."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5128
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5607

 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
 "recounted just what they did:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
 "resourcefulness that obscured the obvious bizarreness of his tale, Alben "
 "recounted just what they did:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5134
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5613

 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "
 msgid ""
 "So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips.  We made some "
 "artistic decisions about what film clips to include&mdash;of course we were "

-"going to use the \"Make my day\" clip from Dirty Harry. But you then need to "
-"get the guy on the ground who's wiggling under the gun and you need to get "
-"his permission.  And then you have to decide what you are going to pay him."
+"going to use the <quote>Make my day</quote> clip from <citetitle>Dirty "
+"Harry</citetitle>. But you then need to get the guy on the ground who's "
+"wiggling under the gun and you need to get his permission.  And then you "
+"have to decide what you are going to pay him."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 113 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5143
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5622

 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "
 msgid ""
 "We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
 "the right to reuse that performance. We're talking about a clip of less than "


@@ -6517,113 +8126,119 @@ msgid ""
 "just started calling people."
 msgstr ""
 
 "just started calling people."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5156
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5633
+msgid "Sutherland, Donald"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5635

 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "
 msgid ""
 "Some actors were glad to help&mdash;Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
 "up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared.  Others were "

-"dumbfounded at their good fortune. Alben would ask, \"Hey, can I pay you "
-"$600 or maybe if you were in two films, you know, $1,200?\" And they would "
-"say, \"Are you for real? Hey, I'd love to get $1,200.\" And some of course "
-"were a bit difficult (estranged ex-wives, in particular). But eventually, "
-"Alben and his team had cleared the rights to this retrospective CD-ROM on "
-"Clint Eastwood's career."
+"dumbfounded at their good fortune. Alben would ask, <quote>Hey, can I pay "
+"you $600 or maybe if you were in two films, you know, $1,200?</quote> And "
+"they would say, <quote>Are you for real? Hey, I'd love to get "
+"$1,200.</quote> And some of course were a bit difficult (estranged ex-wives, "
+"in particular). But eventually, Alben and his team had cleared the rights to "
+"this retrospective CD-ROM on Clint Eastwood's career."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5167
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5646

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It was one year later&mdash;\"and even then we weren't sure whether we were "
-"totally in the clear.\""
+"It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later&mdash;<quote>and even then we "
+"weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5172
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5650

 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
 "the purpose of releasing a retrospective."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
 "only time he knew of that a team had undertaken such a massive project for "
 "the purpose of releasing a retrospective."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5178
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5656

 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
 msgid ""
 "Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "

-"and said, \"Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the music, "
-"there's the screenplay, there's the director, there's the actors.\" But we "
-"just broke it down. We just put it into its constituent parts and said, "
-"\"Okay, there's this many actors, this many directors, . . . this many "
-"musicians,\" and we just went at it very systematically and cleared the "
-"rights."
+"and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
+"music, there's the screenplay, there's the director, there's the "
+"actors.</quote> But we just broke it down. We just put it into its "
+"constituent parts and said, <quote>Okay, there's this many actors, this many "
+"directors, &hellip; this many musicians,</quote> and we just went at it very "
+"systematically and cleared the rights."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 114 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5190
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5668

 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
 "and it sold very well."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5194
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5671

 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 msgid "Drucker, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5202
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5679

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, Seven Steps to "
-"Performance-Based Services Acquisition, available at <ulink "
+"U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
+"<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services "
+"Acquisition</citetitle>, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #22</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #22</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5196
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5673

 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
 msgid ""
 "But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
 "year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "

-"efficiently, but as Peter Drucker has famously quipped, \"There is nothing "
-"so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at "
-"all.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Did it make sense, I asked "
-"Alben, that this is the way a new work has to be made?"
+"efficiently, but as Peter Drucker has famously quipped, <quote>There is "
+"nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at "
+"all.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Did it make sense, I "
+"asked Alben, that this is the way a new work has to be made?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5210
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5687

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few . . . have the time and resources, and "
-"the will to do this,\" and thus, very few such works would ever be "
-"made. Does it make sense, I asked him, from the standpoint of what anybody "
-"really thought they were ever giving rights for originally, that you would "
-"have to go clear rights for these kinds of clips?"
+"For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few &hellip; have the time and "
+"resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
+"would ever be made. Does it make sense, I asked him, from the standpoint of "
+"what anybody really thought they were ever giving rights for originally, "
+"that you would have to go clear rights for these kinds of clips?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5695

 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
 msgid ""
 "I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "

-"gets paid very well. . . . And then when 30 seconds of that performance is "
-"used in a new product that is a retrospective of somebody's career, I don't "
-"think that that person . . . should be compensated for that."
+"gets paid very well. &hellip; And then when 30 seconds of that performance "
+"is used in a new product that is a retrospective of somebody's career, I "
+"don't think that that person &hellip; should be compensated for that."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5226
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5703

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Or at least, is this how the artist should be compensated? Would it make "
-"sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of statutory license that someone "
-"could pay and be free to make derivative use of clips like this? Did it "
-"really make sense that a follow-on creator would have to track down every "
-"artist, actor, director, musician, and get explicit permission from each? "
-"Wouldn't a lot more be created if the legal part of the creative process "
-"could be made to be more clean?"
+"Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
+"compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
+"statutory license that someone could pay and be free to make derivative use "
+"of clips like this? Did it really make sense that a follow-on creator would "
+"have to track down every artist, actor, director, musician, and get explicit "
+"permission from each? Wouldn't a lot more be created if the legal part of "
+"the creative process could be made to be more clean?"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 115 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5236
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5714

 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "
 msgid ""
 "Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing "
 "mechanism&mdash;where you weren't subject to hold-ups and you weren't "


@@ -6636,34 +8251,40 @@ msgid ""
 "everybody up and makes this kind of product hard to get off the ground. If "
 "you knew I have a hundred minutes of film in this product and it's going to "
 "cost me X, then you build your budget around it, and you can get investments "
 "everybody up and makes this kind of product hard to get off the ground. If "
 "you knew I have a hundred minutes of film in this product and it's going to "
 "cost me X, then you build your budget around it, and you can get investments "

-"and everything else that you need to produce it. But if you say, \"Oh, I "
-"want a hundred minutes of something and I have no idea what it's going to "
-"cost me, and a certain number of people are going to hold me up for money,\" "
-"then it becomes difficult to put one of these things together."
+"and everything else that you need to produce it. But if you say, <quote>Oh, "
+"I want a hundred minutes of something and I have no idea what it's going to "
+"cost me, and a certain number of people are going to hold me up for "
+"money,</quote> then it becomes difficult to put one of these things "
+"together."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5257
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5734

 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
 "the average Web designer would not have. So if it took him a year, how long "
 "would it take someone else? And how much creativity is never made just "
 msgid ""
 "Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
 "richest investors in the world. He therefore had authority and access that "
 "the average Web designer would not have. So if it took him a year, how long "
 "would it take someone else? And how much creativity is never made just "

-"because the costs of clearing the rights are so high? These costs are the "
-"burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat for a moment, and "
-"get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of these rights, and "
-"the scope defined determines how much it's going to cost to negotiate "
-"them. (Remember the idea that land runs to the heavens, and imagine the "
-"pilot purchasing flythrough rights as he negotiates to fly from Los Angeles "
-"to San Francisco.)  These rights might well have once made sense; but as "
-"circumstances change, they make no sense at all. Or at least, a "
-"well-trained, regulationminimizing Republican should look at the rights and "
-"ask, \"Does this still make sense?\""
+"because the costs of clearing the rights are so high?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5743
+msgid ""
+"These costs are the burdens of a kind of regulation. Put on a Republican hat "
+"for a moment, and get angry for a bit. The government defines the scope of "
+"these rights, and the scope defined determines how much it's going to cost "
+"to negotiate them. (Remember the idea that land runs to the heavens, and "
+"imagine the pilot purchasing flythrough rights as he negotiates to fly from "
+"Los Angeles to San Francisco.)  These rights might well have once made "
+"sense; but as circumstances change, they make no sense at all. Or at least, "
+"a well-trained, regulationminimizing Republican should look at the rights "
+"and ask, <quote>Does this still make sense?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 116 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5274
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5756

 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "
 msgid ""
 "I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
 "few times. The first was at a conference of federal judges in California.  "


@@ -6673,44 +8294,62 @@ msgid ""
 "Fairbank, had produced."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Fairbank, had produced."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5766

 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
 msgid ""
 "The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "

-"century, all framed around the idea of a 60 Minutes episode.  The execution "
-"was perfect, down to the sixty-minute stopwatch. The judges loved every "
-"minute of it."
+"century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
+"episode.  The execution was perfect, down to the sixty-minute stopwatch. The "
+"judges loved every minute of it."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5289
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5771

 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Nimmer, David"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5291
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5773

 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
 "an astonished look on his face, as he peered across the room of over 250 "
 "well-entertained judges. Taking an ominous tone, he began his talk with a "
 msgid ""
 "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
 "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
 "an astonished look on his face, as he peered across the room of over 250 "
 "well-entertained judges. Taking an ominous tone, he began his talk with a "

-"question: \"Do you know how many federal laws were just violated in this "
-"room?\""
+"question: <quote>Do you know how many federal laws were just violated in "
+"this room?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5298
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5782

 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Boies, David"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5300
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5783
+msgid "Court of Appeals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5783
+msgid "Ninth Circuit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5784
+msgid "Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5781

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
-"hadn't done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to "
-"these clips; technically, what they had done violated the law.  Of course, "
-"it wasn't as if they or anyone were going to be prosecuted for this "
-"violation (the presence of 250 judges and a gaggle of federal marshals "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> For "
+"of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film hadn't "
+"done what Alben did. They hadn't spent a year clearing the rights to these "
+"clips; technically, what they had done violated the law.  Of course, it "
+"wasn't as if they or anyone were going to be prosecuted for this violation "
+"(the presence of 250 judges and a gaggle of federal marshals "

 "notwithstanding). But Nimmer was making an important point: A year before "
 "anyone would have heard of the word Napster, and two years before another "
 "member of our panel, David Boies, would defend Napster before the Ninth "
 "notwithstanding). But Nimmer was making an important point: A year before "
 "anyone would have heard of the word Napster, and two years before another "
 "member of our panel, David Boies, would defend Napster before the Ninth "


@@ -6720,23 +8359,24 @@ msgid ""
 "couldn't easily do them legally."
 msgstr ""
 
 "couldn't easily do them legally."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5315
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5801

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"We live in a \"cut and paste\" culture enabled by technology. Anyone "
-"building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom that the cut and "
-"paste architecture of the Internet created&mdash;in a second you can find "
-"just about any image you want; in another second, you can have it planted in "
-"your presentation."
+"We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by "
+"technology. Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom "
+"that the cut and paste architecture of the Internet created&mdash;in a "
+"second you can find just about any image you want; in another second, you "
+"can have it planted in your presentation."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5331
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5807

 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Camp Chaos"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5322
+#.  PAGE BREAK 117 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5809

 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "
 msgid ""
 "But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
 "archives, musicians are able to string together mixes of sound never before "


@@ -6745,38 +8385,38 @@ msgid ""
 "politicians and blends them with music to create biting political "
 "commentary. A site called Camp Chaos has produced some of the most biting "
 "criticism of the record industry that there is through the mixing of Flash! "
 "politicians and blends them with music to create biting political "
 "commentary. A site called Camp Chaos has produced some of the most biting "
 "criticism of the record industry that there is through the mixing of Flash! "

-"and music.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"and music."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5334
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5820

 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
 msgid ""
 "All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "

-"to be \"legal,\" the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
+"to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "

 "high. Therefore, for the law-abiding sorts, a wealth of creativity is never "
 "made. And for that part that is made, if it doesn't follow the clearance "
 "rules, it doesn't get released."
 msgstr ""
 
 "high. Therefore, for the law-abiding sorts, a wealth of creativity is never "
 "made. And for that part that is made, if it doesn't follow the clearance "
 "rules, it doesn't get released."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5341
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5827

 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
 "see fit. We could even make this change without necessarily requiring that "
 msgid ""
 "To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
 "that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
 "see fit. We could even make this change without necessarily requiring that "

-"the \"free\" use be free as in \"free beer.\" Instead, the system could "
-"simply make it easy for follow-on creators to compensate artists without "
-"requiring an army of lawyers to come along: a rule, for example, that says "
-"\"the royalty owed the copyright owner of an unregistered work for the "
-"derivative reuse of his work will be a flat 1 percent of net revenues, to be "
-"held in escrow for the copyright owner.\" Under this rule, the copyright "
-"owner could benefit from some royalty, but he would not have the benefit of "
-"a full property right (meaning the right to name his own price) unless he "
-"registers the work."
+"the <quote>free</quote> use be free as in <quote>free beer.</quote> Instead, "
+"the system could simply make it easy for follow-on creators to compensate "
+"artists without requiring an army of lawyers to come along: a rule, for "
+"example, that says <quote>the royalty owed the copyright owner of an "
+"unregistered work for the derivative reuse of his work will be a flat 1 "
+"percent of net revenues, to be held in escrow for the copyright "
+"owner.</quote> Under this rule, the copyright owner could benefit from some "
+"royalty, but he would not have the benefit of a full property right (meaning "
+"the right to name his own price) unless he registers the work."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5356
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5842

 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "
 msgid ""
 "Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
 "objecting? We're talking about work that is not now being made; which if "


@@ -6785,32 +8425,34 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 118 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5362
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5848

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In February 2003, DreamWorks studios announced an agreement with Mike Myers, "
-"the comic genius of Saturday Night Live and Austin Powers. According to the "
-"announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work together to form a \"unique "
-"filmmaking pact.\" Under the agreement, DreamWorks \"will acquire the rights "
-"to existing motion picture hits and classics, write new storylines "
-"and&mdash;with the use of stateof-the-art digital technology&mdash;insert "
-"Myers and other actors into the film, thereby creating an entirely new piece "
-"of entertainment.\""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In February 2003</emphasis>, DreamWorks studios "
+"announced an agreement with Mike Myers, the comic genius of "
+"<citetitle>Saturday Night Live</citetitle> and Austin Powers. According to "
+"the announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work together to form a "
+"<quote>unique filmmaking pact.</quote> Under the agreement, DreamWorks "
+"<quote>will acquire the rights to existing motion picture hits and classics, "
+"write new storylines and&mdash;with the use of stateof-the-art digital "
+"technology&mdash;insert Myers and other actors into the film, thereby "
+"creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5374
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5861

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The announcement called this \"film sampling.\" As Myers explained, \"Film "
-"Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin on existing films and "
-"allow audiences to see old movies in a new light. Rap artists have been "
-"doing this for years with music and now we are able to take that same "
-"concept and apply it to film.\" Steven Spielberg is quoted as saying, \"If "
-"anyone can create a way to bring old films to new audiences, it is Mike.\""
+"The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
+"explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
+"on existing films and allow audiences to see old movies in a new light. Rap "
+"artists have been doing this for years with music and now we are able to "
+"take that same concept and apply it to film.</quote> Steven Spielberg is "
+"quoted as saying, <quote>If anyone can create a way to bring old films to "
+"new audiences, it is Mike.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5383
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5870

 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "
 msgid ""
 "Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
 "don't think about it, you might miss the truly astonishing point about this "


@@ -6822,70 +8464,91 @@ msgid ""
 "famous&mdash;and presumably rich."
 msgstr ""
 
 "famous&mdash;and presumably rich."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5393
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5880

 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
 msgid ""
 "This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "

-"continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of \"fair use.\" Much "
-"of \"sampling\" should be considered \"fair use.\" But few would rely upon "
-"so weak a doctrine to create. That leads to the second reason that the "
-"privilege is reserved for the few: The costs of negotiating the legal rights "
-"for the creative reuse of content are astronomically high.  These costs "
-"mirror the costs with fair use: You either pay a lawyer to defend your fair "
-"use rights or pay a lawyer to track down permissions so you don't have to "
-"rely upon fair use rights. Either way, the creative process is a process of "
-"paying lawyers&mdash;again a privilege, or perhaps a curse, reserved for the "
-"few."
+"continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair "
+"use.</quote> Much of <quote>sampling</quote> should be considered "
+"<quote>fair use.</quote> But few would rely upon so weak a doctrine to "
+"create. That leads to the second reason that the privilege is reserved for "
+"the few: The costs of negotiating the legal rights for the creative reuse of "
+"content are astronomically high.  These costs mirror the costs with fair "
+"use: You either pay a lawyer to defend your fair use rights or pay a lawyer "
+"to track down permissions so you don't have to rely upon fair use "
+"rights. Either way, the creative process is a process of paying "
+"lawyers&mdash;again a privilege, or perhaps a curse, reserved for the few."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:5895
+msgid "Chapter Nine: Collectors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5896 freeculture.xml:9239 freeculture.xml:11562 freeculture.xml:11807
+msgid "archives, digital"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5408
-msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5897 freeculture.xml:8526
+msgid "bots"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5410
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5899

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In April 1996, millions of \"bots\"&mdash;computer codes designed to "
-"\"spider,\" or automatically search the Internet and copy "
-"content&mdash;began running across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied "
-"Internet-based information onto a small set of computers located in a "
-"basement in San Francisco's Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of "
-"the Internet, they started again. Over and over again, once every two "
-"months, these bits of code took copies of the Internet and stored them."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In April 1996</emphasis>, millions of "
+"<quote>bots</quote>&mdash;computer codes designed to <quote>spider,</quote> "
+"or automatically search the Internet and copy content&mdash;began running "
+"across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied Internet-based information "
+"onto a small set of computers located in a basement in San Francisco's "
+"Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of the Internet, they started "
+"again. Over and over again, once every two months, these bits of code took "
+"copies of the Internet and stored them."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5419
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5909 freeculture.xml:5940 freeculture.xml:6002
+msgid "Way Back Machine"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5911

 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
 "copies created, the Internet Archive, was opened to the world. Using a "
 msgid ""
 "By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
 "at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
 "copies created, the Internet Archive, was opened to the world. Using a "

-"technology called \"the Way Back Machine,\" you could enter a Web page, and "
-"see all of its copies going back to 1996, as well as when those pages "
-"changed."
+"technology called <quote>the Way Back Machine,</quote> you could enter a Web "
+"page, and see all of its copies going back to 1996, as well as when those "
+"pages changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5918
+msgid "Orwell, George"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5427
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5920

 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "
 msgid ""
 "This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated.  In "

-"the dystopia described in 1984, old newspapers were constantly updated to "
-"assure that the current view of the world, approved of by the government, "
-"was not contradicted by previous news reports."
+"the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
+"constantly updated to assure that the current view of the world, approved of "
+"by the government, was not contradicted by previous news reports."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 120 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5435
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5928

 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
 "printed on the date published on the paper."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
 "ever to know whether the story you were reading today was the story that was "
 "printed on the date published on the paper."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5933

 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "
 msgid ""
 "It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
 "way for you to know whether the content you are reading is the same as the "


@@ -6894,19 +8557,24 @@ msgid ""
 "updated, without any reliable memory."
 msgstr ""
 
 "updated, without any reliable memory."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5949
+msgid "White House press releases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5948

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the White House "
-"changes its own press releases without notice. A May 13, 2003, press release "
-"stated, \"Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.\" That was later changed, "
-"without notice, to \"Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.\" E-mail "
-"from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the "
+"White House changes its own press releases without notice. A May 13, 2003, "
+"press release stated, <quote>Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.</quote> "
+"That was later changed, without notice, to <quote>Major Combat Operations in "
+"Iraq Have Ended.</quote> E-mail from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5447
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5942

 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
 msgid ""
 "Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
 "Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "


@@ -6915,33 +8583,39 @@ msgid ""
 "forget.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "forget.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5461
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5957
+msgid "history, records of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5959

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"We take it for granted that we can go back to see what we remember "
-"reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted to study the reaction of your "
-"hometown newspaper to the race riots in Watts in 1965, or to Bull Connor's "
-"water cannon in 1963, you could go to your public library and look at the "
-"newspapers. Those papers probably exist on microfiche. If you're lucky, they "
-"exist in paper, too. Either way, you are free, using a library, to go back "
-"and remember&mdash;not just what it is convenient to remember, but remember "
-"something close to the truth."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>We take it</emphasis> for granted that we can go "
+"back to see what we remember reading. Think about newspapers. If you wanted "
+"to study the reaction of your hometown newspaper to the race riots in Watts "
+"in 1965, or to Bull Connor's water cannon in 1963, you could go to your "
+"public library and look at the newspapers. Those papers probably exist on "
+"microfiche. If you're lucky, they exist in paper, too. Either way, you are "
+"free, using a library, to go back and remember&mdash;not just what it is "
+"convenient to remember, but remember something close to the truth."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5472
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5970

 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "
 msgid ""
 "It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat "

-"it. That's not quite correct. We all forget history. The key is whether we "
-"have a way to go back to rediscover what we forget. More directly, the key "
-"is whether an objective past can keep us honest. Libraries help do that, by "
-"collecting content and keeping it, for schoolchildren, for researchers, for "
-"grandma. A free society presumes this knowedge."
+"it. That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget "
+"history. The key is whether we have a way to go back to rediscover what we "
+"forget. More directly, the key is whether an objective past can keep us "
+"honest. Libraries help do that, by collecting content and keeping it, for "
+"schoolchildren, for researchers, for grandma. A free society presumes this "
+"knowedge."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 121 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5481
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5979

 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "
 msgid ""
 "The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
 "Archive, there was no way to go back. The Internet was the quintessentially "


@@ -6952,8 +8626,8 @@ msgid ""
 "the Internet&mdash;the one kept by the Internet Archive."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the Internet&mdash;the one kept by the Internet Archive."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5492
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:5990

 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "
 msgid ""
 "Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
 "successful Internet entrepreneur after he was a successful computer "


@@ -6965,40 +8639,86 @@ msgid ""
 "was growing at about a billion pages a month."
 msgstr ""
 
 "was growing at about a billion pages a month."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5502
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5999 freeculture.xml:6054 freeculture.xml:10482
+msgid "Library of Congress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6000
+msgid "Television Archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6001
+msgid "Vanderbilt University"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6003 freeculture.xml:11053 freeculture.xml:14114 freeculture.xml:14244 freeculture.xml:14280
+msgid "libraries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6003
+msgid "archival function of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6006

 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
 msgid ""
 "The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "

-"history. At the end of 2002, it held \"two hundred and thirty terabytes of "
-"material\"&mdash;and was \"ten times larger than the Library of Congress.\" "
-"And this was just the first of the archives that Kahle set out to build. In "
-"addition to the Internet Archive, Kahle has been constructing the Television "
-"Archive. Television, it turns out, is even more ephemeral than the "
-"Internet. While much of twentieth-century culture was constructed through "
-"television, only a tiny proportion of that culture is available for anyone "
-"to see today. Three hours of news are recorded each evening by Vanderbilt "
-"University&mdash;thanks to a specific exemption in the copyright law. That "
-"content is indexed, and is available to scholars for a very low fee. \"But "
-"other than that, [television] is almost unavailable,\" Kahle told me. \"If "
-"you were Barbara Walters you could get access to [the archives], but if you "
-"are just a graduate student?\" As Kahle put it,"
+"history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
+"of material</quote>&mdash;and was <quote>ten times larger than the Library "
+"of Congress.</quote> And this was just the first of the archives that Kahle "
+"set out to build. In addition to the Internet Archive, Kahle has been "
+"constructing the Television Archive. Television, it turns out, is even more "
+"ephemeral than the Internet. While much of twentieth-century culture was "
+"constructed through television, only a tiny proportion of that culture is "
+"available for anyone to see today. Three hours of news are recorded each "
+"evening by Vanderbilt University&mdash;thanks to a specific exemption in the "
+"copyright law. That content is indexed, and is available to scholars for a "
+"very low fee. <quote>But other than that, [television] is almost "
+"unavailable,</quote> Kahle told me. <quote>If you were Barbara Walters you "
+"could get access to [the archives], but if you are just a graduate "
+"student?</quote> As Kahle put it,"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6023
+msgid "Quayle, Dan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6024
+msgid "60 Minutes"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 122 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6026

 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
 "fictional television character? If you were a graduate student wanting to "
 "study that, and you wanted to get those original back and forth exchanges "
 msgid ""
 "Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
 "that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
 "fictional television character? If you were a graduate student wanting to "
 "study that, and you wanted to get those original back and forth exchanges "

-"between the two, the 60 Minutes episode that came out after it . . . it "
-"would be almost impossible. . . . Those materials are almost "
-"unfindable. . . ."
+"between the two, the <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> episode that came out "
+"after it &hellip; it would be almost impossible. &hellip; Those materials "
+"are almost unfindable. &hellip;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6037
+msgid "newspapers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6037
+msgid "archives of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5532
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6039

 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "
 msgid ""
 "Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
 "newspapers remains perpetually accessible, while the part that is recorded "


@@ -7008,8 +8728,8 @@ msgid ""
 "media on twentieth-century America?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "media on twentieth-century America?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5540
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6047

 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "
 msgid ""
 "In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
 "copyright owners were required to deposit copies of their work in "


@@ -7018,45 +8738,52 @@ msgid ""
 "copyright expired, so that others might access and copy the work."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright expired, so that others might access and copy the work."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6055 freeculture.xml:6099
+msgid "archive of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f2 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5557
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6066

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Doug Herrick, \"Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at the "
-"Library of Congress,\" Film Library Quarterly 13 nos. 2&ndash;3 (1980): 5; "
-"Anthony Slide, Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the "
-"United States ( Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland &amp; Co., 1992), 36."
+"Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
+"the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library "
+"Quarterly</citetitle> 13 nos. 2&ndash;3 (1980): 5; Anthony Slide, "
+"<citetitle>Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United "
+"States</citetitle> (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland &amp; Co., 1992), 36."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6057

 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
 "deposits were made. But the filmmaker was then allowed to borrow back the "
 "deposits&mdash;for an unlimited time at no cost. In 1915 alone, there were "
 msgid ""
 "These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
 "made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
 "deposits were made. But the filmmaker was then allowed to borrow back the "
 "deposits&mdash;for an unlimited time at no cost. In 1915 alone, there were "

-"more than 5,475 films deposited and \"borrowed back.\" Thus, when the "
-"copyrights to films expire, there is no copy held by any library. The copy "
-"exists&mdash;if it exists at all&mdash;in the library archive of the film "
-"company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"more than 5,475 films deposited and <quote>borrowed back.</quote> Thus, when "
+"the copyrights to films expire, there is no copy held by any library. The "
+"copy exists&mdash;if it exists at all&mdash;in the library archive of the "
+"film company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5565
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6074

 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
 msgid ""
 "The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
 "originally not copyrighted&mdash;there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "

-"so there was no fear of \"theft.\" But as technology enabled capturing, "
-"broadcasters relied increasingly upon the law. The law required they make a "
-"copy of each broadcast for the work to be \"copyrighted.\" But those copies "
-"were simply kept by the broadcasters. No library had any right to them; the "
-"government didn't demand them.  The content of this part of American culture "
-"is practically invisible to anyone who would look."
+"so there was no fear of <quote>theft.</quote> But as technology enabled "
+"capturing, broadcasters relied increasingly upon the law. The law required "
+"they make a copy of each broadcast for the work to be "
+"<quote>copyrighted.</quote> But those copies were simply kept by the "
+"broadcasters. No library had any right to them; the government didn't demand "
+"them.  The content of this part of American culture is practically invisible "
+"to anyone who would look."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 123 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5576
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6086

 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "
 msgid ""
 "Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
 "allies had started capturing television. They selected twenty stations from "


@@ -7067,28 +8794,58 @@ msgid ""
 "from around the world covered the events of that day."
 msgstr ""
 
 "from around the world covered the events of that day."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5587
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6096
+msgid "Movie Archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6097
+msgid "archive.org"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6097 freeculture.xml:6100
+msgid "Internet Archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6101
+msgid "Duck and Cover film"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6102
+msgid "ephemeral films"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6103
+msgid "Prelinger, Rick"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6105

 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
 msgid ""
 "Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "

-"archive of film includes close to 45,000 \"ephemeral films\" (meaning films "
-"other than Hollywood movies, films that were never copyrighted), Kahle "
-"established the Movie Archive. Prelinger let Kahle digitize 1,300 films in "
-"this archive and post those films on the Internet to be downloaded for "
-"free. Prelinger's is a for-profit company. It sells copies of these films as "
-"stock footage. What he has discovered is that after he made a significant "
-"chunk available for free, his stock footage sales went up "
+"archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
+"(meaning films other than Hollywood movies, films that were never "
+"copyrighted), Kahle established the Movie Archive. Prelinger let Kahle "
+"digitize 1,300 films in this archive and post those films on the Internet to "
+"be downloaded for free. Prelinger's is a for-profit company. It sells copies "
+"of these films as stock footage. What he has discovered is that after he "
+"made a significant chunk available for free, his stock footage sales went up "

 "dramatically. People could easily find the material they wanted to use. Some "
 "downloaded that material and made films on their own. Others purchased "
 "copies to enable other films to be made.  Either way, the archive enabled "
 "access to this important part of our culture.  Want to see a copy of the "
 "dramatically. People could easily find the material they wanted to use. Some "
 "downloaded that material and made films on their own. Others purchased "
 "copies to enable other films to be made.  Either way, the archive enabled "
 "access to this important part of our culture.  Want to see a copy of the "

-"\"Duck and Cover\" film that instructed children how to save themselves in "
-"the middle of nuclear attack? Go to archive.org, and you can download the "
-"film in a few minutes&mdash;for free."
+"<quote>Duck and Cover</quote> film that instructed children how to save "
+"themselves in the middle of nuclear attack? Go to archive.org, and you can "
+"download the film in a few minutes&mdash;for free."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5605
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6123

 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "
 msgid ""
 "Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
 "otherwise could not get easily, if at all. It is yet another part of what "


@@ -7097,8 +8854,8 @@ msgid ""
 "by anyone. Therefore, there is no simple way to find them."
 msgstr ""
 
 "by anyone. Therefore, there is no simple way to find them."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5613
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6131

 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "
 msgid ""
 "The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
 "content, but he also wants to enable others to sell access to it. His aim is "


@@ -7108,20 +8865,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 124 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5621
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6139

 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
 msgid ""
 "For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "

-"creative property goes through different \"lives.\" In its first life, if "
-"the creator is lucky, the content is sold. In such cases the commercial "
-"market is successful for the creator. The vast majority of creative property "
-"doesn't enjoy such success, but some clearly does. For that content, "
-"commercial life is extremely important. Without this commercial market, "
-"there would be, many argue, much less creativity."
+"creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
+"life, if the creator is lucky, the content is sold. In such cases the "
+"commercial market is successful for the creator. The vast majority of "
+"creative property doesn't enjoy such success, but some clearly does. For "
+"that content, commercial life is extremely important. Without this "
+"commercial market, there would be, many argue, much less creativity."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5633
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6151

 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "
 msgid ""
 "After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
 "always supported a second life as well. A newspaper delivers the news every "


@@ -7131,20 +8888,20 @@ msgid ""
 "even if that information is no longer sold."
 msgstr ""
 
 "even if that information is no longer sold."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f3 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5645
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6164

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Dave Barns, \"Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar "
-"Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,\" Chicago Tribune, 5 "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling "
+"Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter "
+"by Adopting Business,</quote> <citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 5 "

 "September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published between 1927 and 1946, "
 "September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published between 1927 and 1946, "

-"only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony Reese, \"The First Sale "
-"Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,\" Boston College Law Review 44 "
-"(2003): 593 n. 51."
+"only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony Reese, <quote>The First "
+"Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,</quote> <citetitle>Boston "
+"College Law Review</citetitle> 44 (2003): 593 n. 51."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5642
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6161

 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "
 msgid ""
 "The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
 "quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder "


@@ -7155,8 +8912,8 @@ msgid ""
 "extremely important to the spread and stability of culture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "extremely important to the spread and stability of culture."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5659
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6179

 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "
 msgid ""
 "Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
 "property does not hold true with the most important components of popular "


@@ -7169,20 +8926,21 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 125 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5670
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6190

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For most of the twentieth century, it was economics that made this so. It "
-"would have been insanely expensive to collect and make accessible all "
-"television and film and music: The cost of analog copies is extraordinarily "
-"high. So even though the law in principle would have restricted the ability "
-"of a Brewster Kahle to copy culture generally, the real restriction was "
-"economics. The market made it impossibly difficult to do anything about this "
-"ephemeral culture; the law had little practical effect."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>For most of</emphasis> the twentieth century, it was "
+"economics that made this so. It would have been insanely expensive to "
+"collect and make accessible all television and film and music: The cost of "
+"analog copies is extraordinarily high. So even though the law in principle "
+"would have restricted the ability of a Brewster Kahle to copy culture "
+"generally, the real restriction was economics. The market made it impossibly "
+"difficult to do anything about this ephemeral culture; the law had little "
+"practical effect."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6202

 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "
 msgid ""
 "Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
 "for the first time since the Library of Alexandria, it is feasible to "


@@ -7192,8 +8950,8 @@ msgid ""
 "moving images and sound."
 msgstr ""
 
 "moving images and sound."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5690
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6210

 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "
 msgid ""
 "The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
 "before. The Brewster Kahles of our history have dreamed about it; but we are "


@@ -7201,74 +8959,115 @@ msgid ""
 "describes,"
 msgstr ""
 
 "describes,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6216
+msgid "total number of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6218

 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "
 msgid ""
 "It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music.  "
 "Ever. There are about a hundred thousand theatrical releases of movies, "

-". . . and about one to two million movies [distributed] during the twentieth "
-"century. There are about twenty-six million different titles of books. All "
-"of these would fit on computers that would fit in this room and be able to "
-"be afforded by a small company.  So we're at a turning point in our "
-"history. Universal access is the goal. And the opportunity of leading a "
-"different life, based on this, is . . . thrilling. It could be one of the "
+"&hellip; and about one to two million movies [distributed] during the "
+"twentieth century. There are about twenty-six million different titles of "
+"books. All of these would fit on computers that would fit in this room and "
+"be able to be afforded by a small company.  So we're at a turning point in "
+"our history. Universal access is the goal. And the opportunity of leading a "
+"different life, based on this, is &hellip; thrilling. It could be one of the "

 "things humankind would be most proud of. Up there with the Library of "
 "Alexandria, putting a man on the moon, and the invention of the printing "
 "press."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 
 "things humankind would be most proud of. Up there with the Library of "
 "Alexandria, putting a man on the moon, and the invention of the printing "
 "press."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 126 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5711
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6233

 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
 msgid ""
 "Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
 "archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "

-"libraries or archives could be. When the commercial life of creative "
-"property ends, I don't know. But it does. And whenever it does, Kahle and "
-"his archive hint at a world where this knowledge, and culture, remains "
-"perpetually available. Some will draw upon it to understand it; some to "
-"criticize it. Some will use it, as Walt Disney did, to re-create the past "
-"for the future. These technologies promise something that had become "
-"unimaginable for much of our past&mdash;a future for our past. The "
-"technology of digital arts could make the dream of the Library of Alexandria "
-"real again."
+"libraries or archives could be. <emphasis>When</emphasis> the commercial "
+"life of creative property ends, I don't know. But it does. And whenever it "
+"does, Kahle and his archive hint at a world where this knowledge, and "
+"culture, remains perpetually available. Some will draw upon it to understand "
+"it; some to criticize it. Some will use it, as Walt Disney did, to re-create "
+"the past for the future. These technologies promise something that had "
+"become unimaginable for much of our past&mdash;a future "
+"<emphasis>for</emphasis> our past. The technology of digital arts could make "
+"the dream of the Library of Alexandria real again."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6248

 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
 msgid ""
 "Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
 "archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "

-"these \"archives,\" as warm as the idea of a \"library\" might seem, the "
-"\"content\" that is collected in these digital spaces is also someone's "
-"\"property.\" And the law of property restricts the freedoms that Kahle and "
-"others would exercise."
+"these <quote>archives,</quote> as warm as the idea of a "
+"<quote>library</quote> might seem, the <quote>content</quote> that is "
+"collected in these digital spaces is also someone's <quote>property.</quote> "
+"And the law of property restricts the freedoms that Kahle and others would "
+"exercise."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5736
-msgid "CHAPTER TEN: \"Property\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:6259
+msgid "Chapter Ten: <quote>Property</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5745
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6260

 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5738
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6261 freeculture.xml:10241
+msgid "Kennedy, John F."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6263

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jack Valenti has been the president of the Motion Picture Association of "
-"America since 1966. He first came to Washington, D.C., with Lyndon Johnson's "
-"administration&mdash;literally. The famous picture of Johnson's swearing-in "
-"on Air Force One after the assassination of President Kennedy has Valenti in "
-"the background. In his almost forty years of running the MPAA, Valenti has "
-"established himself as perhaps the most prominent and effective lobbyist in "
-"Washington.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Jack Valenti</emphasis> has been the president of "
+"the Motion Picture Association of America since 1966. He first came to "
+"Washington, D.C., with Lyndon Johnson's administration&mdash;literally. The "
+"famous picture of Johnson's swearing-in on Air Force One after the "
+"assassination of President Kennedy has Valenti in the background. In his "
+"almost forty years of running the MPAA, Valenti has established himself as "
+"perhaps the most prominent and effective lobbyist in Washington."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6273
+msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6274
+msgid "MGM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6275
+msgid "Paramount Pictures"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6276
+msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6277
+msgid "Universal Pictures"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5748
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6278 freeculture.xml:7893 freeculture.xml:8065
+msgid "Warner Brothers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6280

 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "
 msgid ""
 "The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
 "Association. It was formed in 1922 as a trade association whose goal was to "


@@ -7282,8 +9081,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 128 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5761
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6293

 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "
 msgid ""
 "Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
 "had as much influence over that organization, or over Washington. As a "


@@ -7296,26 +9095,26 @@ msgid ""
 "the city in a quintessentially Washingtonian way."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the city in a quintessentially Washingtonian way."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5773
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6305

 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
 "system, it has probably avoided a great deal of speech-regulating harm. But "
 "there is an aspect to the organization's mission that is both the most "
 "radical and the most important. This is the organization's effort, "
 msgid ""
 "In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
 "depends upon, the MPAA has done important good. In crafting the MPAA rating "
 "system, it has probably avoided a great deal of speech-regulating harm. But "
 "there is an aspect to the organization's mission that is both the most "
 "radical and the most important. This is the organization's effort, "

-"epitomized in Valenti's every act, to redefine the meaning of \"creative "
-"property.\""
+"epitomized in Valenti's every act, to redefine the meaning of "
+"<quote>creative property.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5782
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6314

 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 
 msgid "In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6328

 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "
 msgid ""
 "Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R.  4794, "
 "H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcommittee on "


@@ -7324,73 +9123,76 @@ msgid ""
 "sess. (1982): 65 (testimony of Jack Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 
 "sess. (1982): 65 (testimony of Jack Valenti)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5787
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6319

 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
 "women will keep returning to the fundamental issue, the central theme which "
 msgid ""
 "No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the "
 "counter-charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and "
 "women will keep returning to the fundamental issue, the central theme which "

-"animates this entire debate: Creative property owners must be accorded the "
-"same rights and protection resident in all other property owners in the "
-"nation. That is the issue.  That is the question. And that is the rostrum on "
-"which this entire hearing and the debates to follow must rest.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"animates this entire debate: <emphasis>Creative property owners must be "
+"accorded the same rights and protection resident in all other property "
+"owners in the nation</emphasis>. That is the issue.  That is the "
+"question. And that is the rostrum on which this entire hearing and the "
+"debates to follow must rest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 129 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5806
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6338

 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
 msgid ""
 "The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
 "rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "

-"\"central theme\" to which \"reasonable men and women\" will return is this: "
-"\"Creative property owners must be accorded the same rights and protections "
-"resident in all other property owners in the nation.\" There are no "
-"second-class citizens, Valenti might have continued. There should be no "
-"second-class property owners."
+"<quote>central theme</quote> to which <quote>reasonable men and "
+"women</quote> will return is this: <quote>Creative property owners must be "
+"accorded the same rights and protections resident in all other property "
+"owners in the nation.</quote> There are no second-class citizens, Valenti "
+"might have continued. There should be no second-class property owners."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5817
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6349

 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
 "elections to pick presidents. But in fact, there is no more extreme a claim "
 msgid ""
 "This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
 "such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
 "elections to pick presidents. But in fact, there is no more extreme a claim "

-"made by anyone who is serious in this debate than this claim of "
-"Valenti's. Jack Valenti, however sweet and however brilliant, is perhaps the "
-"nation's foremost extremist when it comes to the nature and scope of "
-"\"creative property.\" His views have no reasonable connection to our actual "
-"legal tradition, even if the subtle pull of his Texan charm has slowly "
-"redefined that tradition, at least in Washington."
+"made by <emphasis>anyone</emphasis> who is serious in this debate than this "
+"claim of Valenti's. Jack Valenti, however sweet and however brilliant, is "
+"perhaps the nation's foremost extremist when it comes to the nature and "
+"scope of <quote>creative property.</quote> His views have "
+"<emphasis>no</emphasis> reasonable connection to our actual legal tradition, "
+"even if the subtle pull of his Texan charm has slowly redefined that "
+"tradition, at least in Washington."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5832
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6364

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lawyers speak of \"property\" not as an absolute thing, but as a bundle of "
-"rights that are sometimes associated with a particular object. Thus, my "
-"\"property right\" to my car gives me the right to exclusive use, but not "
-"the right to drive at 150 miles an hour. For the best effort to connect the "
-"ordinary meaning of \"property\" to \"lawyer talk,\" see Bruce Ackerman, "
-"Private Property and the Constitution (New Haven: Yale University Press, "
-"1977), 26&ndash;27."
+"Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
+"bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular "
+"object. Thus, my <quote>property right</quote> to my car gives me the right "
+"to exclusive use, but not the right to drive at 150 miles an hour. For the "
+"best effort to connect the ordinary meaning of <quote>property</quote> to "
+"<quote>lawyer talk,</quote> see Bruce Ackerman, <citetitle>Private Property "
+"and the Constitution</citetitle> (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), "
+"26&ndash;27."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5829
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6361

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"While \"creative property\" is certainly \"property\" in a nerdy and precise "
-"sense that lawyers are trained to understand,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> it has never been the case, nor should it be, that \"creative "
-"property owners\" have been \"accorded the same rights and protection "
-"resident in all other property owners.\" Indeed, if creative property owners "
-"were given the same rights as all other property owners, that would effect a "
-"radical, and radically undesirable, change in our tradition."
+"While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
+"in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to "
+"understand,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it has never been the "
+"case, nor should it be, that <quote>creative property owners</quote> have "
+"been <quote>accorded the same rights and protection resident in all other "
+"property owners.</quote> Indeed, if creative property owners were given the "
+"same rights as all other property owners, that would effect a radical, and "
+"radically undesirable, change in our tradition."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5847
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6379

 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "
 msgid ""
 "Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
 "tradition and the values it represents. He speaks for an industry that is "


@@ -7400,8 +9202,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 130 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5855
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6387

 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "
 msgid ""
 "I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
 "historically, Valenti's claim is absolutely wrong. The second is to convince "


@@ -7414,8 +9216,8 @@ msgid ""
 "creativity having less than perfect control."
 msgstr ""
 
 "creativity having less than perfect control."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5870
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6402

 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "
 msgid ""
 "Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
 "the old guard, have little interest, their rhetoric notwithstanding, in "


@@ -7423,42 +9225,51 @@ msgid ""
 "does. (Ask me about tenure, for example.)  But what's good for the MPAA is "
 "not necessarily good for America. A society that defends the ideals of free "
 "culture must preserve precisely the opportunity for new creativity to "
 "does. (Ask me about tenure, for example.)  But what's good for the MPAA is "
 "not necessarily good for America. A society that defends the ideals of free "
 "culture must preserve precisely the opportunity for new creativity to "

-"threaten the old.  To get just a hint that there is something fundamentally "
-"wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further than the United States "
-"Constitution itself."
+"threaten the old."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6411
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>To get</emphasis> just a hint that there is "
+"something fundamentally wrong in Valenti's argument, we need look no further "
+"than the United States Constitution itself."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5882
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6416

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The framers of our Constitution loved \"property.\" Indeed, so strongly did "
-"they love property that they built into the Constitution an important "
-"requirement. If the government takes your property&mdash;if it condemns your "
-"house, or acquires a slice of land from your farm&mdash;it is required, "
-"under the Fifth Amendment's \"Takings Clause,\" to pay you \"just "
-"compensation\" for that taking. The Constitution thus guarantees that "
-"property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot ever be taken from the "
-"property owner unless the government pays for the privilege."
+"The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
+"strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
+"important requirement. If the government takes your property&mdash;if it "
+"condemns your house, or acquires a slice of land from your farm&mdash;it is "
+"required, under the Fifth Amendment's <quote>Takings Clause,</quote> to pay "
+"you <quote>just compensation</quote> for that taking. The Constitution thus "
+"guarantees that property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot "
+"<emphasis>ever</emphasis> be taken from the property owner unless the "
+"government pays for the privilege."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 131 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5893
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6427

 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
 msgid ""
 "Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "

-"calls \"creative property.\" In the clause granting Congress the power to "
-"create \"creative property,\" the Constitution requires that after a "
-"\"limited time,\" Congress take back the rights that it has granted and set "
-"the \"creative property\" free to the public domain. Yet when Congress does "
-"this, when the expiration of a copyright term \"takes\" your copyright and "
-"turns it over to the public domain, Congress does not have any obligation to "
-"pay \"just compensation\" for this \"taking.\" Instead, the same "
+"calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
+"power to create <quote>creative property,</quote> the Constitution "
+"<emphasis>requires</emphasis> that after a <quote>limited time,</quote> "
+"Congress take back the rights that it has granted and set the "
+"<quote>creative property</quote> free to the public domain. Yet when "
+"Congress does this, when the expiration of a copyright term "
+"<quote>takes</quote> your copyright and turns it over to the public domain, "
+"Congress does not have any obligation to pay <quote>just "
+"compensation</quote> for this <quote>taking.</quote> Instead, the same "

 "Constitution that requires compensation for your land requires that you lose "
 "Constitution that requires compensation for your land requires that you lose "

-"your \"creative property\" right without any compensation at all."
+"your <quote>creative property</quote> right without any compensation at all."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5908
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6442

 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "
 msgid ""
 "The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
 "are not to be accorded the same rights. They are plainly to be treated "


@@ -7468,8 +9279,8 @@ msgid ""
 "arguing for a change in our Constitution itself."
 msgstr ""
 
 "arguing for a change in our Constitution itself."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6452

 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "
 msgid ""
 "Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong.  There "
 "was much in our original Constitution that was plainly wrong.  The "


@@ -7482,58 +9293,78 @@ msgid ""
 "my argument is not simply that because Jefferson did it, we should, too."
 msgstr ""
 
 "my argument is not simply that because Jefferson did it, we should, too."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6464

 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
 msgid ""
 "Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "

-"try to understand why. Why did the framers, fanatical property types that "
-"they were, reject the claim that creative property be given the same rights "
-"as all other property? Why did they require that for creative property there "
-"must be a public domain?"
+"try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
+"property types that they were, reject the claim that creative property be "
+"given the same rights as all other property? Why did they require that for "
+"creative property there must be a public domain?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6474

 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
 msgid ""
 "To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "

-"these \"creative property\" rights, and the control that they enabled.  Once "
-"we see clearly how differently these rights have been defined, we will be in "
-"a better position to ask the question that should be at the core of this "
-"war: Not whether creative property should be protected, but how. Not whether "
-"we will enforce the rights the law gives to creative-property owners, but "
-"what the particular mix of rights ought to be. Not whether artists should be "
-"paid, but whether institutions designed to assure that artists get paid need "
-"also control how culture develops."
+"these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
+"enabled.  Once we see clearly how differently these rights have been "
+"defined, we will be in a better position to ask the question that should be "
+"at the core of this war: Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> creative property "
+"should be protected, but how. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> we will "
+"enforce the rights the law gives to creative-property owners, but what the "
+"particular mix of rights ought to be. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> "
+"artists should be paid, but whether institutions designed to assure that "
+"artists get paid need also control how culture develops."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6486
+msgid "four modalities of constraint on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6487 freeculture.xml:6746 freeculture.xml:9816 freeculture.xml:9933
+msgid "regulation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6487
+msgid "four modalities of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6488
+msgid "as ex post regulation modality"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6489 freeculture.xml:6565 freeculture.xml:6700
+msgid "as constraint modality"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 132 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5950
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6493

 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
 msgid ""
 "To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
 "property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "

-"narrow language of the law allows. In Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, I "
-"used a simple model to capture this more general perspective. For any "
-"particular right or regulation, this model asks how four different "
-"modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken the right or "
-"regulation. I represented it with this diagram:"
+"narrow language of the law allows. In <citetitle>Code and Other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace</citetitle>, I used a simple model to capture this more general "
+"perspective. For any particular right or regulation, this model asks how "
+"four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken the "
+"right or regulation. I represented it with this diagram:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:5959
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:6503 freeculture.xml:6696 freeculture.xml:7066

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
-"the right or regulation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:5960 freeculture.xml:6134 freeculture.xml:6430
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 133 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6507

 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "
 msgid ""
 "At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
 "that is the target of regulation, or the holder of a right. (In each case "


@@ -7546,11 +9377,16 @@ msgid ""
 "willfully infringe Madonna's copyright by copying a song from her latest CD "
 "and posting it on the Web, you can be punished with a $150,000 fine. The "
 "fine is an ex post punishment for violating an ex ante rule. It is imposed "
 "willfully infringe Madonna's copyright by copying a song from her latest CD "
 "and posting it on the Web, you can be punished with a $150,000 fine. The "
 "fine is an ex post punishment for violating an ex ante rule. It is imposed "

-"by the state."
+"by the state.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5979
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6523 freeculture.xml:6585 freeculture.xml:6701
+msgid "norms, regulatory influence of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6525

 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "
 msgid ""
 "Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
 "for violating a rule. But the punishment of a norm is imposed by a "


@@ -7562,8 +9398,13 @@ msgid ""
 "the severity of the rule, but the source of the enforcement."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the severity of the rule, but the source of the enforcement."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:5990
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6535 freeculture.xml:6584 freeculture.xml:6677 freeculture.xml:6717 freeculture.xml:9825 freeculture.xml:10059
+msgid "market constraints"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6537

 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "
 msgid ""
 "The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
 "conditions: You can do X if you pay Y; you'll be paid M if you do N. These "


@@ -7574,34 +9415,40 @@ msgid ""
 "simultaneous constraint upon how an individual or group might behave."
 msgstr ""
 
 "simultaneous constraint upon how an individual or group might behave."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6000
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6546 freeculture.xml:6583 freeculture.xml:6635 freeculture.xml:6676 freeculture.xml:6699
+msgid "architecture, constraint effected through"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6548

 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "

-"\"architecture\"&mdash;the physical world as one finds it&mdash;is a "
-"constraint on behavior.  A fallen bridge might constrain your ability to get "
-"across a river. Railroad tracks might constrain the ability of a community "
-"to integrate its social life. As with the market, architecture does not "
-"effect its constraint through ex post punishments. Instead, also as with the "
-"market, architecture effects its constraint through simultaneous "
-"conditions. These conditions are imposed not by courts enforcing contracts, "
-"or by police punishing theft, but by nature, by \"architecture.\" If a "
-"500-pound boulder blocks your way, it is the law of gravity that enforces "
-"this constraint. If a $500 airplane ticket stands between you and a flight "
-"to New York, it is the market that enforces this constraint."
+"<quote>architecture</quote>&mdash;the physical world as one finds "
+"it&mdash;is a constraint on behavior.  A fallen bridge might constrain your "
+"ability to get across a river. Railroad tracks might constrain the ability "
+"of a community to integrate its social life. As with the market, "
+"architecture does not effect its constraint through ex post "
+"punishments. Instead, also as with the market, architecture effects its "
+"constraint through simultaneous conditions. These conditions are imposed not "
+"by courts enforcing contracts, or by police punishing theft, but by nature, "
+"by <quote>architecture.</quote> If a 500-pound boulder blocks your way, it "
+"is the law of gravity that enforces this constraint. If a $500 airplane "
+"ticket stands between you and a flight to New York, it is the market that "
+"enforces this constraint."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 134 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6017
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6569

 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
 "another. Or restrictions imposed by one might be undermined by another."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
 "They interact. Restrictions imposed by one might be reinforced by "
 "another. Or restrictions imposed by one might be undermined by another."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6023
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6575

 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "
 msgid ""
 "The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
 "freedom that anyone has at a given moment to do any particular thing, we "


@@ -7612,21 +9459,26 @@ msgid ""
 "particular interact."
 msgstr ""
 
 "particular interact."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6032
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6586

 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6035
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6587
+msgid "speeding, constraints on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6589

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"So, for example, consider the \"freedom\" to drive a car at a high "
-"speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that say how "
-"fast you can drive in particular places at particular times. It is in part "
-"restricted by architecture: speed bumps, for example, slow most rational "
-"drivers; governors in buses, as another example, set the maximum rate at "
-"which the driver can drive. The freedom is in part restricted by the market: "
-"Fuel efficiency drops as speed increases, thus the price of gasoline "
+"So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
+"high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
+"say how fast you can drive in particular places at particular times. It is "
+"in part restricted by architecture: speed bumps, for example, slow most "
+"rational drivers; governors in buses, as another example, set the maximum "
+"rate at which the driver can drive. The freedom is in part restricted by the "
+"market: Fuel efficiency drops as speed increases, thus the price of gasoline "

 "indirectly constrains speed. And finally, the norms of a community may or "
 "may not constrain the freedom to speed. Drive at 50 mph by a school in your "
 "own neighborhood and you're likely to be punished by the neighbors. The same "
 "indirectly constrains speed. And finally, the norms of a community may or "
 "may not constrain the freedom to speed. Drive at 50 mph by a school in your "
 "own neighborhood and you're likely to be punished by the neighbors. The same "


@@ -7634,21 +9486,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6053
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6607

 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
 "only distinction is that it alone speaks as if it has a right "
 "self-consciously to change the other three. The right of the other three is "
 msgid ""
 "By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
 "to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
 "only distinction is that it alone speaks as if it has a right "
 "self-consciously to change the other three. The right of the other three is "

-"more timidly expressed.  See Lawrence Lessig, Code: And Other Laws of "
-"Cyberspace (New York: Basic Books, 1999): 90&ndash;95; Lawrence Lessig, "
-"\"The New Chicago School,\" Journal of Legal Studies, June 1998."
+"more timidly expressed.  See Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>Code: And Other "
+"Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle> (New York: Basic Books, 1999): 90&ndash;95; "
+"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>The New Chicago School,</quote> <citetitle>Journal "
+"of Legal Studies</citetitle>, June 1998."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 135 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6049
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6603

 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
 msgid ""
 "The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
 "these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "


@@ -7664,54 +9517,60 @@ msgid ""
 "driving."
 msgstr ""
 
 "driving."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6077
-msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:6632
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6078
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6674
+msgid "Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6675

 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Commons, John R."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6089
-msgid ""
-"Some people object to this way of talking about \"liberty.\" They object "
-"because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at any "
-"particular moment are constraints imposed exclusively by the government. For "
-"instance, if a storm destroys a bridge, these people think it is meaningless "
-"to say that one's liberty has been restrained. A bridge has washed out, and "
-"it's harder to get from one place to another. To talk about this as a loss "
-"of freedom, they say, is to confuse the stuff of politics with the vagaries "
-"of ordinary life.  I don't mean to deny the value in this narrower view, "
-"which depends upon the context of the inquiry. I do, however, mean to argue "
-"against any insistence that this narrower view is the only proper view of "
-"liberty. As I argued in Code, we come from a long tradition of political "
-"thought with a broader focus than the narrow question of what the government "
-"did when.  John Stuart Mill defended freedom of speech, for example, from "
-"the tyranny of narrow minds, not from the fear of government prosecution; "
-"John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19.  "
-"John R. Commons famously defended the economic freedom of labor from "
-"constraints imposed by the market; John R. Commons, \"The Right to Work,\" "
-"in Malcom Rutherford and Warren J. Samuels, eds., John R.  Commons: Selected "
-"Essays (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans with Disabilities Act "
-"increases the liberty of people with physical disabilities by changing the "
-"architecture of certain public places, thereby making access to those places "
-"easier; 42 United States Code, section 12101 (2000).  Each of these "
-"interventions to change existing conditions changes the liberty of a "
-"particular group. The effect of those interventions should be accounted for "
-"in order to understand the effective liberty that each of these groups might "
-"face.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6081
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6645
+msgid ""
+"Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
+"object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
+"any particular moment are constraints imposed exclusively by the "
+"government. For instance, if a storm destroys a bridge, these people think "
+"it is meaningless to say that one's liberty has been restrained. A bridge "
+"has washed out, and it's harder to get from one place to another. To talk "
+"about this as a loss of freedom, they say, is to confuse the stuff of "
+"politics with the vagaries of ordinary life.  I don't mean to deny the value "
+"in this narrower view, which depends upon the context of the inquiry. I do, "
+"however, mean to argue against any insistence that this narrower view is the "
+"only proper view of liberty. As I argued in <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, we "
+"come from a long tradition of political thought with a broader focus than "
+"the narrow question of what the government did when.  John Stuart Mill "
+"defended freedom of speech, for example, from the tyranny of narrow minds, "
+"not from the fear of government prosecution; John Stuart Mill, <citetitle>On "
+"Liberty</citetitle> (Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19.  John "
+"R. Commons famously defended the economic freedom of labor from constraints "
+"imposed by the market; John R. Commons, <quote>The Right to Work,</quote> in "
+"Malcom Rutherford and Warren J. Samuels, eds., <citetitle>John R. Commons: "
+"Selected Essays</citetitle> (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans "
+"with Disabilities Act increases the liberty of people with physical "
+"disabilities by changing the architecture of certain public places, thereby "
+"making access to those places easier; 42 <citetitle>United States "
+"Code</citetitle>, section 12101 (2000).  Each of these interventions to "
+"change existing conditions changes the liberty of a particular group. The "
+"effect of those interventions should be accounted for in order to understand "
+"the effective liberty that each of these groups might face.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"3\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6637

 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
 msgid ""
 "These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
 "the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "


@@ -7721,13 +9580,18 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6121
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:6682

 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6123
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6683 freeculture.xml:7056
+msgid "four regulatory modalities on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6685

 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "
 msgid ""
 "The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
 "Hollywood is right. The copyright warriors have rallied Congress and the "


@@ -7735,19 +9599,14 @@ msgid ""
 "sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 "sense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6129
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6691

 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6133 freeculture.xml:6429
-msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
-msgstr ""
-

 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 136 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6138
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6704

 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "
 msgid ""
 "There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
 "limits the ability to copy and share content, by imposing penalties on those "


@@ -7760,8 +9619,23 @@ msgid ""
 "this form of infringement."
 msgstr ""
 
 "this form of infringement."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6150
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6715
+msgid "copyright regulatory balance lost with"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6716
+msgid "regulatory balance lost in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6718
+msgid "MP3s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6720

 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
 "sharing. Now the constraint of architecture changes dramatically, as does "


@@ -7771,9 +9645,19 @@ msgid ""
 "of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of anarchy after the Internet."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6729 freeculture.xml:7573 freeculture.xml:7882
+msgid "technology"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6729
+msgid "established industries threatened by changes in"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 137 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6158
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6731

 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "
 msgid ""
 "Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response.  "
 "Technology has changed, the warriors say, and the effect of this change, "


@@ -7783,23 +9667,30 @@ msgid ""
 "results."
 msgstr ""
 
 "results."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6168
-msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:6742
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6745
+msgid "Commerce, U.S. Department of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6169
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6746 freeculture.xml:9816
+msgid "as establishment protectionism"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6172
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6748

 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
 msgid ""
 "Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "

-"warriors. Indeed, in a \"White Paper\" prepared by the Commerce Department "
-"(one heavily influenced by the copyright warriors) in 1995, this mix of "
-"regulatory modalities had already been identified and the strategy to "
+"warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
+"Department (one heavily influenced by the copyright warriors) in 1995, this "
+"mix of regulatory modalities had already been identified and the strategy to "

 "respond already mapped. In response to the changes the Internet had "
 "effected, the White Paper argued (1) Congress should strengthen intellectual "
 "property law, (2) businesses should adopt innovative marketing techniques, "
 "respond already mapped. In response to the changes the Internet had "
 "effected, the White Paper argued (1) Congress should strengthen intellectual "
 "property law, (2) businesses should adopt innovative marketing techniques, "


@@ -7807,9 +9698,19 @@ msgid ""
 "material, and (4) educators should educate kids to better protect copyright."
 msgstr ""
 
 "material, and (4) educators should educate kids to better protect copyright."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6761 freeculture.xml:6901
+msgid "farming"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6762
+msgid "steel industry"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 138 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6184
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6764

 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "
 msgid ""
 "This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed&mdash;if it was to "
 "preserve the particular balance that existed before the change induced by "


@@ -7825,31 +9726,42 @@ msgid ""
 "U.S. steel industry."
 msgstr ""
 
 "U.S. steel industry."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6201
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6784

 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
 "innovation. And I would be the last person to argue that the changing "
 "technology of the Internet has not had a profound effect on the content "
 "industry's way of doing business, or as John Seely Brown describes it, its "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
 "to protect itself from the harmful consequences of a technological "
 "innovation. And I would be the last person to argue that the changing "
 "technology of the Internet has not had a profound effect on the content "
 "industry's way of doing business, or as John Seely Brown describes it, its "

-"\"architecture of revenue.\""
+"<quote>architecture of revenue.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6797
+msgid "railroad industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6798
+msgid "remote channel changers"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6217
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6808

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Geoffrey Smith, \"Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a Bridge?\" "
-"BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "
+"See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a "
+"Bridge?</quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #23</ulink>. For a more recent "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #23</ulink>. For a more recent "

-"analysis of Kodak's place in the market, see Chana R. Schoenberger, \"Can "
-"Kodak Make Up for Lost Moments?\" Forbes.com, 6 October 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #24</ulink>."
+"analysis of Kodak's place in the market, see Chana R. Schoenberger, "
+"<quote>Can Kodak Make Up for Lost Moments?</quote> Forbes.com, 6 October "
+"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#24</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6209
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6800

 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
 msgid ""
 "But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
 "doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "


@@ -7860,29 +9772,46 @@ msgid ""
 "cameras.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Does anyone believe the "
 "government should ban digital cameras just to support Kodak? Highways have "
 "weakened the freight business for railroads. Does anyone think we should ban "
 "cameras.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Does anyone believe the "
 "government should ban digital cameras just to support Kodak? Highways have "
 "weakened the freight business for railroads. Does anyone think we should ban "

-"trucks from roads for the purpose of protecting the railroads? Closer to the "
-"subject of this book, remote channel changers have weakened the "
-"\"stickiness\" of television advertising (if a boring commercial comes on "
-"the TV, the remote makes it easy to surf ), and it may well be that this "
-"change has weakened the television advertising market. But does anyone "
-"believe we should regulate remotes to reinforce commercial television? "
-"(Maybe by limiting them to function only once a second, or to switch to only "
-"ten channels within an hour?)"
+"trucks from roads <emphasis>for the purpose of</emphasis> protecting the "
+"railroads? Closer to the subject of this book, remote channel changers have "
+"weakened the <quote>stickiness</quote> of television advertising (if a "
+"boring commercial comes on the TV, the remote makes it easy to surf), and it "
+"may well be that this change has weakened the television advertising "
+"market. But does anyone believe we should regulate remotes to reinforce "
+"commercial television? (Maybe by limiting them to function only once a "
+"second, or to switch to only ten channels within an hour?)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f6 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6249
-msgid "Fred Warshofsky, The Patent Wars (New York: Wiley, 1994), 170&ndash;71."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6829
+msgid "free market, technological changes in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6830 freeculture.xml:15508
+msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6258 freeculture.xml:12648
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6833 freeculture.xml:13708

 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Gates, Bill"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6239
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6834 freeculture.xml:7847
+msgid "market competition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  f6 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6847
+msgid ""
+"Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
+"1994), 170&ndash;71."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6837

 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
 msgid ""
 "The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no.  In a free "
 "society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "


@@ -7890,18 +9819,17 @@ msgid ""
 "others. Its role is not to pick winners and protect them against loss. If "
 "the government did this generally, then we would never have any progress. As "
 "Microsoft chairman Bill Gates wrote in 1991, in a memo criticizing software "
 "others. Its role is not to pick winners and protect them against loss. If "
 "the government did this generally, then we would never have any progress. As "
 "Microsoft chairman Bill Gates wrote in 1991, in a memo criticizing software "

-"patents, \"established companies have an interest in excluding future "
-"competitors.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And relative to a "
-"startup, established companies also have the means. (Think RCA and FM "
+"patents, <quote>established companies have an interest in excluding future "
+"competitors.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And relative "
+"to a startup, established companies also have the means. (Think RCA and FM "

 "radio.) A world in which competitors with new ideas must fight not only the "
 "market but also the government is a world in which competitors with new "
 "ideas will not succeed. It is a world of stasis and increasingly "
 "radio.) A world in which competitors with new ideas must fight not only the "
 "market but also the government is a world in which competitors with new "
 "ideas will not succeed. It is a world of stasis and increasingly "

-"concentrated stagnation. It is the Soviet Union under Brezhnev.  "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"concentrated stagnation. It is the Soviet Union under Brezhnev."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6261
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6858

 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
 "technologies that change the way they do business to look to the government "


@@ -7912,8 +9840,18 @@ msgid ""
 "preserve the incentives and opportunities for innovation and change."
 msgstr ""
 
 "preserve the incentives and opportunities for innovation and change."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6271
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6869
+msgid "speech, freedom of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6869
+msgid "constitutional guarantee of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6871

 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "
 msgid ""
 "In the context of laws regulating speech&mdash;which include, obviously, "
 "copyright law&mdash;that duty is even stronger. When the industry "


@@ -7922,31 +9860,46 @@ msgid ""
 "wary of the request. It is always a bad deal for the government to get into "
 "the business of regulating speech markets. The risks and dangers of that "
 "game are precisely why our framers created the First Amendment to our "
 "wary of the request. It is always a bad deal for the government to get into "
 "the business of regulating speech markets. The risks and dangers of that "
 "game are precisely why our framers created the First Amendment to our "

-"Constitution: \"Congress shall make no law . . .  abridging the freedom of "
-"speech.\" So when Congress is being asked to pass laws that would "
-"\"abridge\" the freedom of speech, it should ask&mdash; "
+"Constitution: <quote>Congress shall make no law &hellip; abridging the "
+"freedom of speech.</quote> So when Congress is being asked to pass laws that "
+"would <quote>abridge</quote> the freedom of speech, it should ask&mdash; "

 "carefully&mdash;whether such regulation is justified."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 
 "carefully&mdash;whether such regulation is justified."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 140 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6285
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6887

 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
 msgid ""
 "My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "

-"that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are \"justified.\" My "
-"argument is about their effect. For before we get to the question of "
-"justification, a hard question that depends a great deal upon your values, "
-"we should first ask whether we understand the effect of the changes the "
-"content industry wants."
+"that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are "
+"<quote>justified.</quote> My argument is about their effect. For before we "
+"get to the question of justification, a hard question that depends a great "
+"deal upon your values, we should first ask whether we understand the effect "
+"of the changes the content industry wants."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6294
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6896

 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6297
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6898
+msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6899
+msgid "DDT"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6900
+msgid "insecticide, environmental consequences of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6903

 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
 msgid ""
 "In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
 "Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "


@@ -7955,36 +9908,40 @@ msgid ""
 "increase farm production."
 msgstr ""
 
 "increase farm production."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6910

 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
 "important and valuable and probably saved lives, possibly millions."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
 "production is a good thing. No one doubts that the work of Müller was "
 "important and valuable and probably saved lives, possibly millions."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6308 freeculture.xml:6314
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6914

 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Carson, Rachel"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6315
-msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6915
+msgid "Silent Spring (Carson)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6310
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6916
+msgid "environmentalism"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6918

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But in 1962, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, which argued that DDT, "
-"whatever its primary benefits, was also having unintended environmental "
-"consequences. Birds were losing the ability to reproduce.  Whole chains of "
-"the ecology were being destroyed.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
+"which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
+"unintended environmental consequences. Birds were losing the ability to "
+"reproduce.  Whole chains of the ecology were being destroyed."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6318
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6924

 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "
 msgid ""
 "No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
 "to harm any birds. But the effort to solve one set of problems produced "


@@ -7995,35 +9952,46 @@ msgid ""
 "solve."
 msgstr ""
 
 "solve."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6933
+msgid "Boyle, James"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6934
+msgid "innovative freedom balanced with fair compensation in"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f7 
 #.  f7 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6331
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6940

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
+"See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law "
+"Journal</citetitle> 47 (1997): 87."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 141 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6936

 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
 msgid ""
 "It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "

-"appeals when he argues that we need an \"environmentalism\" for "
+"appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "

 "culture.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His point, and the point I "
 "want to develop in the balance of this chapter, is not that the aims of "
 "copyright are flawed. Or that authors should not be paid for their work. Or "
 "culture.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His point, and the point I "
 "want to develop in the balance of this chapter, is not that the aims of "
 "copyright are flawed. Or that authors should not be paid for their work. Or "

-"that music should be given away \"for free.\" The point is that some of the "
-"ways in which we might protect authors will have unintended consequences for "
-"the cultural environment, much like DDT had for the natural environment. And "
-"just as criticism of DDT is not an endorsement of malaria or an attack on "
-"farmers, so, too, is criticism of one particular set of regulations "
-"protecting copyright not an endorsement of anarchy or an attack on authors.  "
-"It is an environment of creativity that we seek, and we should be aware of "
-"our actions' effects on the environment."
+"that music should be given away <quote>for free.</quote> The point is that "
+"some of the ways in which we might protect authors will have unintended "
+"consequences for the cultural environment, much like DDT had for the natural "
+"environment. And just as criticism of DDT is not an endorsement of malaria "
+"or an attack on farmers, so, too, is criticism of one particular set of "
+"regulations protecting copyright not an endorsement of anarchy or an attack "
+"on authors.  It is an environment of creativity that we seek, and we should "
+"be aware of our actions' effects on the environment."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6348
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6958

 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "
 msgid ""
 "My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
 "effect. No doubt the technology of the Internet has had a dramatic effect on "


@@ -8036,63 +10004,120 @@ msgid ""
 "for creativity."
 msgstr ""
 
 "for creativity."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6359
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6970

 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
 "culture that will be far more devastating than that this gnat will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6365
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:6979

 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Beginnings"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6980
+msgid "on creative property"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6981 freeculture.xml:11472
+msgid "copyright purpose established in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:11181
+msgid "Progress Clause of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6983 freeculture.xml:11473
+msgid "constitutional purpose of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6985
+msgid "constitutional tradition on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6986 freeculture.xml:11182
+msgid "Progress Clause"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6989

 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
 msgid ""
 "America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "

-"English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of \"creative "
-"property\" rights clear; its express limitations reinforce the English aim "
-"to avoid overly powerful publishers."
+"English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
+"property</quote> rights clear; its express limitations reinforce the English "
+"aim to avoid overly powerful publishers."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6373
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:6994
+msgid "in constitutional Progress Clause"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:6996

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The power to establish \"creative property\" rights is granted to Congress "
-"in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article I, "
-"section 8, clause 8 of our Constitution states that:"
+"The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
+"Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
+"I, section 8, clause 8 of our Constitution states that:"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 142 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6378
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7001

 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
 "to their respective Writings and Discoveries.  We can call this the "
 msgid ""
 "Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
 "by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
 "to their respective Writings and Discoveries.  We can call this the "

-"\"Progress Clause,\" for notice what this clause does not say. It does not "
-"say Congress has the power to grant \"creative property rights.\" It says "
-"that Congress has the power to promote progress. The grant of power is its "
-"purpose, and its purpose is a public one, not the purpose of enriching "
-"publishers, nor even primarily the purpose of rewarding authors."
+"<quote>Progress Clause,</quote> for notice what this clause does not say. It "
+"does not say Congress has the power to grant <quote>creative property "
+"rights.</quote> It says that Congress has the power <emphasis>to promote "
+"progress</emphasis>. The grant of power is its purpose, and its purpose is a "
+"public one, not the purpose of enriching publishers, nor even primarily the "
+"purpose of rewarding authors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7015
+msgid "history of American"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6391
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7017

 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
 msgid ""
 "The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "

-"chapter 6, the English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a "
-"few would not exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
+"chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"founders\"/>, the "
+"English limited the term of copyright so as to assure that a few would not "
+"exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "

 "disproportionate control over publishing. We can assume the framers followed "
 "the English for a similar purpose. Indeed, unlike the English, the framers "
 "disproportionate control over publishing. We can assume the framers followed "
 "the English for a similar purpose. Indeed, unlike the English, the framers "

-"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend \"to "
-"Authors\" only."
+"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend <quote>to "
+"Authors</quote> only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7026
+msgid "Senate, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7027
+msgid "structural checks and balances of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6400
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7028
+msgid "electoral college"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7030

 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "
 msgid ""
 "The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
 "Constitution's design in general. To avoid a problem, the framers built "


@@ -8103,74 +10128,86 @@ msgid ""
 "federal government, they built structures to reinforce the power of the "
 "states&mdash;including the Senate, whose members were at the time selected "
 "by the states, and an electoral college, also selected by the states, to "
 "federal government, they built structures to reinforce the power of the "
 "states&mdash;including the Senate, whose members were at the time selected "
 "by the states, and an electoral college, also selected by the states, to "

-"select the president. In each case, a structure built checks and balances "
-"into the constitutional frame, structured to prevent otherwise inevitable "
-"concentrations of power."
+"select the president. In each case, a <emphasis>structure</emphasis> built "
+"checks and balances into the constitutional frame, structured to prevent "
+"otherwise inevitable concentrations of power."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6415
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7047

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call \"copyright\" "
-"today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond anything they ever "
-"considered. To begin to understand what they did, we need to put our "
-"\"copyright\" in context: We need to see how it has changed in the 210 years "
-"since they first struck its design."
+"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call "
+"<quote>copyright</quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond "
+"anything they ever considered. To begin to understand what they did, we need "
+"to put our <quote>copyright</quote> in context: We need to see how it has "
+"changed in the 210 years since they first struck its design."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 143 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6422
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7058

 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
 "concentration of market power. In terms of our model, we started here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
 "technology, and some in light of changes in technology given a particular "
 "concentration of market power. In terms of our model, we started here:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6433
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7069

 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "We will end here:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6436
-msgid "&quot;Copyright&quot; today."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6437
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7073
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 144 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7076

 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Let me explain how."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6445
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:7081

 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Law: Duration"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6460
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7084 freeculture.xml:7376
+msgid "Copyright Act (1790)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7085
+msgid "common law protections of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7086
+msgid "balance of U.S. content in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7102

 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Crosskey, William W."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6455
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7096

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"William W. Crosskey, Politics and the Constitution in the History of the "
-"United States (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), vol. 1, "
-"485&ndash;86: \"extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the supreme Law of "
-"the Land,' the perpetual rights which authors had, or were supposed by some "
-"to have, under the Common Law\" (emphasis added).  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
+"of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
+"vol. 1, 485&ndash;86: <quote>extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the "
+"supreme Law of the Land,' <emphasis>the perpetual rights which authors had, "
+"or were supposed by some to have, under the Common Law</emphasis></quote> "
+"(emphasis added).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6447
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7088

 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
 msgid ""
 "When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
 "the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "


@@ -8185,8 +10222,13 @@ msgid ""
 "to reprint and distribute works."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to reprint and distribute works."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6470
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7112
+msgid "federal vs. state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7114

 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "
 msgid ""
 "That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
 "copyrights. Because federal law overrides any contrary state law, federal "


@@ -8196,8 +10238,8 @@ msgid ""
 "expired as well."
 msgstr ""
 
 "expired as well."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6478
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7123

 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "
 msgid ""
 "In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
 "copyright and secured that copyright for fourteen years. If the author was "


@@ -8207,17 +10249,18 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6493
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7139

 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
 msgid ""
 "Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "

-"1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, A History of "
-"Book Publishing in the United States, vol. 1, The Creation of an Industry, "
-"1630&ndash;1865 (New York: Bowker, 1972), 141. Of the 21,000 imprints "
-"recorded before 1790, only twelve were copyrighted under the 1790 act; "
-"William J. Maher, Copyright Term, Retrospective Extension and the Copyright "
-"Law of 1790 in Historical Context, 7&ndash;10 (2002), available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #25</ulink>.  Thus, the "
+"1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
+"History of Book Publishing in the United States</citetitle>, vol. 1, "
+"<citetitle>The Creation of an Industry, 1630&ndash;1865</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Bowker, 1972), 141. Of the 21,000 imprints recorded before 1790, only "
+"twelve were copyrighted under the 1790 act; William J. Maher, "
+"<citetitle>Copyright Term, Retrospective Extension and the Copyright Law of "
+"1790 in Historical Context</citetitle>, 7&ndash;10 (2002), available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #25</ulink>.  Thus, the "

 "overwhelming majority of works fell immediately into the public domain. Even "
 "those works that were copyrighted fell into the public domain quickly, "
 "because the term of copyright was short. The initial term of copyright was "
 "overwhelming majority of works fell immediately into the public domain. Even "
 "those works that were copyrighted fell into the public domain quickly, "
 "because the term of copyright was short. The initial term of copyright was "


@@ -8225,8 +10268,8 @@ msgid ""
 "years. Copyright Act of May 31, 1790, §1, 1 stat. 124."
 msgstr ""
 
 "years. Copyright Act of May 31, 1790, §1, 1 stat. 124."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6485
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7131

 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
 msgid ""
 "While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
 "years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "


@@ -8238,8 +10281,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 145 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6509
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7157

 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
 msgid ""
 "This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
 "copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "


@@ -8249,21 +10292,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6524
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7172

 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
 "a year-by-year analysis of copyright renewal rates, see Barbara A. Ringer, "
 msgid ""
 "Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
 "the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
 "a year-by-year analysis of copyright renewal rates, see Barbara A. Ringer, "

-"\"Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,\" Studies on Copyright, vol. 1 (New "
-"York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), 618. For a more recent and "
-"comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and Richard A.  Posner, "
-"\"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" University of Chicago Law Review 70 "
-"(2003): 471, 498&ndash;501, and accompanying figures."
+"<quote>Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Studies on "
+"Copyright</citetitle>, vol. 1 (New York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), "
+"618. For a more recent and comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and "
+"Richard A.  Posner, <quote>Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 471, "
+"498&ndash;501, and accompanying figures."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6518
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7166

 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
 msgid ""
 "Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
 "copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "


@@ -8273,26 +10317,36 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6539
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7190

 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7186

 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
 "print after one year.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When that "
 "happens, the used books are traded free of copyright regulation. Thus the "
 msgid ""
 "Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
 "actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
 "print after one year.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When that "
 "happens, the used books are traded free of copyright regulation. Thus the "

-"books are no longer effectively controlled by copyright. The only practical "
-"commercial use of the books at that time is to sell the books as used books; "
-"that use&mdash;because it does not involve publication&mdash;is effectively "
-"free."
+"books are no longer <emphasis>effectively</emphasis> controlled by "
+"copyright. The only practical commercial use of the books at that time is to "
+"sell the books as used books; that use&mdash;because it does not involve "
+"publication&mdash;is effectively free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7198 freeculture.xml:11119
+msgid "copyright terms extended by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7199 freeculture.xml:11121
+msgid "term extensions in"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6547
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7201

 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "
 msgid ""
 "In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
 "changed once. In 1831, the term was increased from a maximum of 28 years to "


@@ -8302,8 +10356,18 @@ msgid ""
 "setting a maximum term of 56 years."
 msgstr ""
 
 "setting a maximum term of 56 years."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6555
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7208 freeculture.xml:7243 freeculture.xml:11145 freeculture.xml:15426
+msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7209 freeculture.xml:11125
+msgid "future patents vs. future copyrights in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7211

 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "
 msgid ""
 "Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
 "copyright law since. Eleven times in the last forty years, Congress has "


@@ -8315,9 +10379,19 @@ msgid ""
 "of existing and future copyrights by twenty years."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of existing and future copyrights by twenty years."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7220 freeculture.xml:11124 freeculture.xml:11125 freeculture.xml:13213 freeculture.xml:13694
+msgid "patents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7220 freeculture.xml:11124
+msgid "in public domain"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 146 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6565
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7222

 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
 "works into the public domain. This latest extension means that the public "


@@ -8328,8 +10402,8 @@ msgid ""
 "copyright term."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright term."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6576
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7234

 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, "
 "little-noticed change in the copyright law. Remember I said that the framers "


@@ -8340,41 +10414,56 @@ msgid ""
 "be those that had some continuing commercial value."
 msgstr ""
 
 "be those that had some continuing commercial value."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6586
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7244
+msgid "of natural authors vs. corporations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7245 freeculture.xml:13367
+msgid "corporations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7245
+msgid "copyright terms for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7247

 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "
 msgid ""
 "The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
 "created after 1978, there was only one copyright term&mdash;the maximum "

-"term. For \"natural\" authors, that term was life plus fifty years. For "
-"corporations, the term was seventy-five years. Then, in 1992, Congress "
-"abandoned the renewal requirement for all works created before 1978. All "
-"works still under copyright would be accorded the maximum term then "
-"available. After the Sonny Bono Act, that term was ninety-five years."
+"term. For <quote>natural</quote> authors, that term was life plus fifty "
+"years. For corporations, the term was seventy-five years. Then, in 1992, "
+"Congress abandoned the renewal requirement for all works created before "
+"1978. All works still under copyright would be accorded the maximum term "
+"then available. After the Sonny Bono Act, that term was ninety-five years."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6596
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7257

 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
 "indeed, after these changes, it is unclear whether it is even possible to "
 "put works into the public domain. The public domain is orphaned by these "
 msgid ""
 "This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
 "that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
 "indeed, after these changes, it is unclear whether it is even possible to "
 "put works into the public domain. The public domain is orphaned by these "

-"changes in copyright law. Despite the requirement that terms be \"limited,\" "
-"we have no evidence that anything will limit them."
+"changes in copyright law. Despite the requirement that terms be "
+"<quote>limited,</quote> we have no evidence that anything will limit them."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6613
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7276

 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
 "thirty-two years, and averaged thirty years. See Landes and Posner, "
 msgid ""
 "These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
 "year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
 "thirty-two years, and averaged thirty years. See Landes and Posner, "

-"\"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" loc. cit."
+"<quote>Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,</quote> loc. cit."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6605
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7268

 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
 msgid ""
 "The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
 "dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "


@@ -8385,56 +10474,81 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6622
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:7290

 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Law: Scope"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6624
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7291 freeculture.xml:7510
+msgid "scope of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7293

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The \"scope\" of a copyright is the range of rights granted by the law.  The "
-"scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those changes are not "
-"necessarily bad. But we should understand the extent of the changes if we're "
-"to keep this debate in context."
+"The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
+"the law.  The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
+"changes are not necessarily bad. But we should understand the extent of the "
+"changes if we're to keep this debate in context."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6630
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7299
+msgid "historical shift in copyright coverage of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7301

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only \"maps, charts, "
-"and books.\" That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
+"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
+"charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "

 "architecture. More significantly, the right granted by a copyright gave the "
 "architecture. More significantly, the right granted by a copyright gave the "

-"author the exclusive right to \"publish\" copyrighted works. That means "
-"someone else violated the copyright only if he republished the work without "
-"the copyright owner's permission. Finally, the right granted by a copyright "
-"was an exclusive right to that particular book. The right did not extend to "
-"what lawyers call \"derivative works.\" It would not, therefore, interfere "
-"with the right of someone other than the author to translate a copyrighted "
-"book, or to adapt the story to a different form (such as a drama based on a "
-"published book)."
+"author the exclusive right to <quote>publish</quote> copyrighted works. That "
+"means someone else violated the copyright only if he republished the work "
+"without the copyright owner's permission. Finally, the right granted by a "
+"copyright was an exclusive right to that particular book. The right did not "
+"extend to what lawyers call <quote>derivative works.</quote> It would not, "
+"therefore, interfere with the right of someone other than the author to "
+"translate a copyrighted book, or to adapt the story to a different form "
+"(such as a drama based on a published book)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7314

 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
 "practically any creative work that is reduced to a tangible form. It covers "
 "music as well as architecture, drama as well as computer programs. It gives "
 "the copyright owner of that creative work not only the exclusive right to "
 msgid ""
 "This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
 "are extremely hard to describe simply, in general terms, the right covers "
 "practically any creative work that is reduced to a tangible form. It covers "
 "music as well as architecture, drama as well as computer programs. It gives "
 "the copyright owner of that creative work not only the exclusive right to "

-"\"publish\" the work, but also the exclusive right of control over any "
-"\"copies\" of that work. And most significant for our purposes here, the "
-"right gives the copyright owner control over not only his or her particular "
-"work, but also any \"derivative work\" that might grow out of the original "
-"work. In this way, the right covers more creative work, protects the "
-"creative work more broadly, and protects works that are based in a "
-"significant way on the initial creative work."
+"<quote>publish</quote> the work, but also the exclusive right of control "
+"over any <quote>copies</quote> of that work. And most significant for our "
+"purposes here, the right gives the copyright owner control over not only his "
+"or her particular work, but also any <quote>derivative work</quote> that "
+"might grow out of the original work. In this way, the right covers more "
+"creative work, protects the creative work more broadly, and protects works "
+"that are based in a significant way on the initial creative work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7328
+msgid "marking of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7329
+msgid "formalities"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7330
+msgid "registration requirement of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 148 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6658
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7332

 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "
 msgid ""
 "At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
 "limitations on the right have been relaxed. I've already described the "


@@ -8443,13 +10557,13 @@ msgid ""
 "there was a requirement that a work be registered before it could receive "
 "the protection of a copyright. There was also a requirement that any "
 "copyrighted work be marked either with that famous &copy; or the word "
 "there was a requirement that a work be registered before it could receive "
 "the protection of a copyright. There was also a requirement that any "
 "copyrighted work be marked either with that famous &copy; or the word "

-"copyright. And for most of the history of American copyright law, there was "
-"a requirement that works be deposited with the government before a copyright "
-"could be secured."
+"<emphasis>copyright</emphasis>. And for most of the history of American "
+"copyright law, there was a requirement that works be deposited with the "
+"government before a copyright could be secured."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6671
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7347

 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "
 msgid ""
 "The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
 "that for most works, no copyright was required. Again, in the first ten "


@@ -8464,34 +10578,40 @@ msgid ""
 "author."
 msgstr ""
 
 "author."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6685
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7360
+msgid "European"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7362

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"All of these \"formalities\" were abolished in the American system when we "
-"decided to follow European copyright law. There is no requirement that you "
-"register a work to get a copyright; the copyright now is automatic; the "
-"copyright exists whether or not you mark your work with a &copy;; and the "
-"copyright exists whether or not you actually make a copy available for "
-"others to copy."
+"All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
+"system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
+"requirement that you register a work to get a copyright; the copyright now "
+"is automatic; the copyright exists whether or not you mark your work with a "
+"&copy;; and the copyright exists whether or not you actually make a copy "
+"available for others to copy."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6693
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7373

 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 
 msgid "Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6704
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7385

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, \"Poets, Pirates, and the Creation of "
-"American Literature,\" 29 New York University Journal of International Law "
-"and Politics 255 (1997), and James Gilraeth, ed., Federal Copyright Records, "
-"1790&ndash;1800 (U.S. G.P.O., 1987)."
+"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
+"Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
+"Journal of International Law and Politics</citetitle> 255 (1997), and James "
+"Gilraeth, ed., Federal Copyright Records, 1790&ndash;1800 (U.S. G.P.O., "
+"1987)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7378

 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
 msgid ""
 "If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
 "copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "


@@ -8504,8 +10624,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 149 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6717
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7400

 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "
 msgid ""
 "The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
 "hand, over and over again, as a way to learn it by heart, my act was totally "


@@ -8515,42 +10635,42 @@ msgid ""
 "free, while the activities of publishers were restrained."
 msgstr ""
 
 "free, while the activities of publishers were restrained."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7410

 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
 msgid ""
 "Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
 "automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "

-"note to your spouse, every doodle, every creative act that's reduced to a "
-"tangible form&mdash;all of this is automatically copyrighted.  There is no "
-"need to register or mark your work. The protection follows the creation, not "
-"the steps you take to protect it."
+"note to your spouse, every doodle, <emphasis>every</emphasis> creative act "
+"that's reduced to a tangible form&mdash;all of this is automatically "
+"copyrighted.  There is no need to register or mark your work. The protection "
+"follows the creation, not the steps you take to protect it."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6736
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7419

 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
 "republish it or to share an excerpt."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
 "exceptions) to control how others copy the work, whether they copy it to "
 "republish it or to share an excerpt."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6741
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7424

 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
 msgid ""
 "That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
 "competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "

-"that is not at all obvious. This is the protection of \"derivative rights.\" "
-"If you write a book, no one can make a movie out of your book without "
-"permission. No one can translate it without permission.  CliffsNotes can't "
-"make an abridgment unless permission is granted. All of these derivative "
-"uses of your original work are controlled by the copyright holder. The "
-"copyright, in other words, is now not just an exclusive right to your "
-"writings, but an exclusive right to your writings and a large proportion of "
-"the writings inspired by them."
+"that is not at all obvious. This is the protection of <quote>derivative "
+"rights.</quote> If you write a book, no one can make a movie out of your "
+"book without permission. No one can translate it without permission.  "
+"CliffsNotes can't make an abridgment unless permission is granted. All of "
+"these derivative uses of your original work are controlled by the copyright "
+"holder. The copyright, in other words, is now not just an exclusive right to "
+"your writings, but an exclusive right to your writings and a large "
+"proportion of the writings inspired by them."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7439

 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "
 msgid ""
 "It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
 "though it has become second nature to us. Initially, this expansion was "


@@ -8561,42 +10681,49 @@ msgid ""
 "the verbatim original work."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the verbatim original work."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f14 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6778
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7461

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, July/August 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>."
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
+"Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6768
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7451

 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
 "applies not just to the commercial publisher but to anyone with a "
 "computer. I understand the wrong in duplicating and selling someone else's "
 msgid ""
 "In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
 "culture&mdash;at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
 "applies not just to the commercial publisher but to anyone with a "
 "computer. I understand the wrong in duplicating and selling someone else's "

-"work. But whatever that wrong is, transforming someone else's work is a "
-"different wrong. Some view transformation as no wrong at all&mdash;they "
-"believe that our law, as the framers penned it, should not protect "
-"derivative rights at all.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Whether "
-"or not you go that far, it seems plain that whatever wrong is involved is "
-"fundamentally different from the wrong of direct piracy."
+"work. But whatever <emphasis>that</emphasis> wrong is, transforming someone "
+"else's work is a different wrong. Some view transformation as no wrong at "
+"all&mdash;they believe that our law, as the framers penned it, should not "
+"protect derivative rights at all.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Whether or not you go that far, it seems plain that whatever wrong is "
+"involved is fundamentally different from the wrong of direct piracy."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f15 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6793
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7483
+msgid "Rubenfeld, Jeb"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7476

 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
 msgid ""
 "Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
 "the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "

-"First Amendment) between mere \"copies\" and derivative works. See Jed "
-"Rubenfeld, \"The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's Constitutionality,\" "
-"Yale Law Journal 112 (2002): 1&ndash;60 (see especially pp. 53&ndash;59)."
+"First Amendment) between mere <quote>copies</quote> and derivative "
+"works. See Jed Rubenfeld, <quote>The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's "
+"Constitutionality,</quote> <citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 112 "
+"(2002): 1&ndash;60 (see especially pp. 53&ndash;59).  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6787
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7471

 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
 msgid ""
 "Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
 "go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "


@@ -8605,18 +10732,18 @@ msgid ""
 "my creative work are treated the same."
 msgstr ""
 
 "my creative work are treated the same."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7491

 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
 msgid ""
 "This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
 "able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "

-"paying me or crediting me? Or if Disney creates a creature called \"Mickey "
-"Mouse,\" why should you be able to make Mickey Mouse toys and be the one to "
-"trade on the value that Disney originally created?"
+"paying me or crediting me? Or if Disney creates a creature called "
+"<quote>Mickey Mouse,</quote> why should you be able to make Mickey Mouse "
+"toys and be the one to trade on the value that Disney originally created?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6813
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7499

 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "
 msgid ""
 "These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
 "derivative right is unjustified. My aim just now is much narrower: simply to "


@@ -8624,26 +10751,33 @@ msgid ""
 "originally granted."
 msgstr ""
 
 "originally granted."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6821
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:7508

 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7509 freeculture.xml:7571 freeculture.xml:7783
+msgid "copies as core issue of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f16 
 #.  f16 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6828
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7517

 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
 msgid ""
 "This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "

-"regulates more than \"copies\"&mdash;a public performance of a copyrighted "
-"song, for example, is regulated even though performance per se doesn't make "
-"a copy; 17 United States Code, section 106(4). And it certainly sometimes "
-"doesn't regulate a \"copy\"; 17 United States Code, section 112(a). But the "
-"presumption under the existing law (which regulates \"copies;\" 17 United "
-"States Code, section 102) is that if there is a copy, there is a right."
+"regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>&mdash;a public performance of a "
+"copyrighted song, for example, is regulated even though performance per se "
+"doesn't make a copy; 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section "
+"106(4). And it certainly sometimes doesn't regulate a <quote>copy</quote>; "
+"17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 112(a). But the "
+"presumption under the existing law (which regulates <quote>copies;</quote> "
+"17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 102) is that if there "
+"is a copy, there is a right."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6823
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7512

 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
 msgid ""
 "Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
 "copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "


@@ -8652,24 +10786,30 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7528
+msgid "other property rights vs."
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 151 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6840
-msgid ""
-"\"Copies.\" That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for copyright law "
-"to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's argument at the start of this "
-"chapter, that \"creative property\" deserves the \"same rights\" as all "
-"other property, it is the obvious that we need to be most careful about. For "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7531
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
+"<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
+"argument at the start of this chapter, that <quote>creative property</quote> "
+"deserves the <quote>same rights</quote> as all other property, it is the "
+"<emphasis>obvious</emphasis> that we need to be most careful about. For "

 "while it may be obvious that in the world before the Internet, copies were "
 "the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon reflection, it should be obvious "
 "while it may be obvious that in the world before the Internet, copies were "
 "the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon reflection, it should be obvious "

-"that in the world with the Internet, copies should not be the trigger for "
-"copyright law. More precisely, they should not always be the trigger for "
-"copyright law."
+"that in the world with the Internet, copies should <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
+"be the trigger for copyright law. More precisely, they should not "
+"<emphasis>always</emphasis> be the trigger for copyright law."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f17 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6856
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7550

 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
 "should repeal it. It is instead that we should have a good argument for its "


@@ -8677,8 +10817,8 @@ msgid ""
 "arbitrary and automatic changes caused by technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 "arbitrary and automatic changes caused by technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6851
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7545

 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
 msgid ""
 "This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
 "slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "


@@ -8689,81 +10829,85 @@ msgid ""
 "law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6867
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7563

 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty "
 "circle."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6871
-msgid "All potential uses of a book."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7568
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7570
+msgid "three types of uses of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7572
+msgid "copyright applicability altered by technology of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6872
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7573
+msgid "copyright intent altered by"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 152 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6876
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7578

 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
 msgid ""
 "Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "

-"its potential uses. Most of these uses are unregulated by copyright law, "
-"because the uses don't create a copy. If you read a book, that act is not "
-"regulated by copyright law. If you give someone the book, that act is not "
-"regulated by copyright law. If you resell a book, that act is not regulated "
-"(copyright law expressly states that after the first sale of a book, the "
-"copyright owner can impose no further conditions on the disposition of the "
-"book). If you sleep on the book or use it to hold up a lamp or let your "
-"puppy chew it up, those acts are not regulated by copyright law, because "
-"those acts do not make a copy."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6889
-msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
+"its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
+"by copyright law, because the uses don't create a copy. If you read a book, "
+"that act is not regulated by copyright law. If you give someone the book, "
+"that act is not regulated by copyright law. If you resell a book, that act "
+"is not regulated (copyright law expressly states that after the first sale "
+"of a book, the copyright owner can impose no further conditions on the "
+"disposition of the book). If you sleep on the book or use it to hold up a "
+"lamp or let your puppy chew it up, those acts are not regulated by copyright "
+"law, because those acts do not make a copy."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6890
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7592
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6893
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7595

 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
 "therefore regulated by copyright law. Indeed, this particular use stands at "
 "the core of this circle of possible uses of a copyrighted work. It is the "
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
 "copyright law. Republishing the book, for example, makes a copy. It is "
 "therefore regulated by copyright law. Indeed, this particular use stands at "
 "the core of this circle of possible uses of a copyrighted work. It is the "

-"paradigmatic use properly regulated by copyright regulation (see first "
-"diagram on next page)."
+"paradigmatic use properly regulated by copyright regulation (see diagram in "
+"figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1541\"/>)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6901
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7606

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
-"remain unregulated because the law considers these \"fair uses.\""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6906
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7611

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
-"copyrighted work."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6907
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
+"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
+"remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6910
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7618

 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "
 msgid ""
 "These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
 "unregulated because public policy demands that they remain unregulated.  You "


@@ -8771,54 +10915,50 @@ msgid ""
 "without my permission, even though that quoting makes a copy. That copy "
 "would ordinarily give the copyright owner the exclusive right to say whether "
 "the copy is allowed or not, but the law denies the owner any exclusive right "
 "without my permission, even though that quoting makes a copy. That copy "
 "would ordinarily give the copyright owner the exclusive right to say whether "
 "the copy is allowed or not, but the law denies the owner any exclusive right "

-"over such \"fair uses\" for public policy (and possibly First Amendment) "
-"reasons."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6921
-msgid "Unregulated copying considered &quot;fair uses.&quot;"
+"over such <quote>fair uses</quote> for public policy (and possibly First "
+"Amendment) reasons."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6922
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:6926
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7629

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
-"regulated."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:6927
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 154 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6931
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7634

 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
 msgid ""
 "In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
 "sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "

-"are nonetheless deemed \"fair\" regardless of the copyright owner's views."
+"are nonetheless deemed <quote>fair</quote> regardless of the copyright "
+"owner's views."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7639 freeculture.xml:7927 freeculture.xml:10195
+msgid "on Internet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:7722
+msgid "Internet burdens on"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6939
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7646

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"I don't mean \"nature\" in the sense that it couldn't be different, but "
-"rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical networks need "
-"not make copies of content they transmit, and a digital network could be "
-"designed to delete anything it copies so that the same number of copies "
-"remain."
+"I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
+"different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
+"networks need not make copies of content they transmit, and a digital "
+"network could be designed to delete anything it copies so that the same "
+"number of copies remain."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7643

 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet&mdash;a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
 "copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "


@@ -8834,34 +10974,52 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 155 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6960
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7666

 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
 msgid ""
 "So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
 "Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "

-"plausible copyright-related argument that the copyright owner could make to "
-"control that use of her book. Copyright law would have nothing to say about "
-"whether you read the book once, ten times, or every night before you went to "
-"bed. None of those instances of use&mdash;reading&mdash; could be regulated "
-"by copyright law because none of those uses produced a copy."
+"plausible <emphasis>copyright</emphasis>-related argument that the copyright "
+"owner could make to control that use of her book. Copyright law would have "
+"nothing to say about whether you read the book once, ten times, or every "
+"night before you went to bed. None of those instances of "
+"use&mdash;reading&mdash; could be regulated by copyright law because none of "
+"those uses produced a copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7677
+msgid "e-books"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6973
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7678
+msgid "technological developments and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7680

 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
 msgid ""
 "But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
 "rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "

-"only once a month, then copyright law would aid the copyright owner in "
-"exercising this degree of control, because of the accidental feature of "
-"copyright law that triggers its application upon there being a copy. Now if "
-"you read the book ten times and the license says you may read it only five "
-"times, then whenever you read the book (or any portion of it) beyond the "
-"fifth time, you are making a copy of the book contrary to the copyright "
-"owner's wish."
+"only once a month, then <emphasis>copyright law</emphasis> would aid the "
+"copyright owner in exercising this degree of control, because of the "
+"accidental feature of copyright law that triggers its application upon there "
+"being a copy. Now if you read the book ten times and the license says you "
+"may read it only five times, then whenever you read the book (or any portion "
+"of it) beyond the fifth time, you are making a copy of the book contrary to "
+"the copyright owner's wish."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7693
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6987
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7696

 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
 msgid ""
 "There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
 "not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "


@@ -8869,8 +11027,8 @@ msgid ""
 "clear:"
 msgstr ""
 
 "clear:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:6993
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7702

 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
 msgid ""
 "First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
 "intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "


@@ -8880,70 +11038,97 @@ msgid ""
 "Internet."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Internet."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7003
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7711

 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
 msgid ""
 "Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
 "uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "

-"commercial piracy. But the law now purports to regulate any transformation "
-"you make of creative work using a machine. \"Copy and paste\" and \"cut and "
-"paste\" become crimes. Tinkering with a story and releasing it to others "
-"exposes the tinkerer to at least a requirement of justification.  However "
-"troubling the expansion with respect to copying a particular work, it is "
-"extraordinarily troubling with respect to transformative uses of creative "
-"work."
+"commercial piracy. But the law now purports to regulate "
+"<emphasis>any</emphasis> transformation you make of creative work using a "
+"machine. <quote>Copy and paste</quote> and <quote>cut and paste</quote> "
+"become crimes. Tinkering with a story and releasing it to others exposes the "
+"tinkerer to at least a requirement of justification.  However troubling the "
+"expansion with respect to copying a particular work, it is extraordinarily "
+"troubling with respect to transformative uses of creative work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7724
+msgid "fair use vs."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 156 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7019
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7726

 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
 msgid ""
 "Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "

-"on category 3 (\"fair use\") that fair use never before had to bear.  If a "
-"copyright owner now tried to control how many times I could read a book "
-"on-line, the natural response would be to argue that this is a violation of "
-"my fair use rights. But there has never been any litigation about whether I "
-"have a fair use right to read, because before the Internet, reading did not "
-"trigger the application of copyright law and hence the need for a fair use "
-"defense. The right to read was effectively protected before because reading "
-"was not regulated."
+"on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
+"bear.  If a copyright owner now tried to control how many times I could read "
+"a book on-line, the natural response would be to argue that this is a "
+"violation of my fair use rights. But there has never been any litigation "
+"about whether I have a fair use right to read, because before the Internet, "
+"reading did not trigger the application of copyright law and hence the need "
+"for a fair use defense. The right to read was effectively protected before "
+"because reading was not regulated."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7034
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7745

 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
 "use&mdash;never even addressing the earlier question about the expansion in "
 "effective regulation. A thin protection grounded in fair use makes sense "
 msgid ""
 "This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
 "culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
 "use&mdash;never even addressing the earlier question about the expansion in "
 "effective regulation. A thin protection grounded in fair use makes sense "

-"when the vast majority of uses are unregulated. But when everything becomes "
-"presumptively regulated, then the protections of fair use are not enough."
+"when the vast majority of uses are <emphasis>unregulated</emphasis>. But "
+"when everything becomes presumptively regulated, then the protections of "
+"fair use are not enough."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7761
+msgid "Video Pipeline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7763 freeculture.xml:15323
+msgid "film industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7763
+msgid "trailer advertisements of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7045
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7765

 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
 msgid ""
 "The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "

-"business of making \"trailer\" advertisements for movies available to video "
-"stores. The video stores displayed the trailers as a way to sell "
-"videos. Video Pipeline got the trailers from the film distributors, put the "
-"trailers on tape, and sold the tapes to the retail stores."
+"business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
+"available to video stores. The video stores displayed the trailers as a way "
+"to sell videos. Video Pipeline got the trailers from the film distributors, "
+"put the trailers on tape, and sold the tapes to the retail stores."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7052
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7771 freeculture.xml:7846 freeculture.xml:14069
+msgid "browsing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7773

 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "
 msgid ""
 "The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
 "think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews.  The "

-"idea was to expand their \"selling by sampling\" technique by giving on-line "
-"stores the same ability to enable \"browsing.\" Just as in a bookstore you "
-"can read a few pages of a book before you buy the book, so, too, you would "
-"be able to sample a bit from the movie on-line before you bought it."
+"idea was to expand their <quote>selling by sampling</quote> technique by "
+"giving on-line stores the same ability to enable <quote>browsing.</quote> "
+"Just as in a bookstore you can read a few pages of a book before you buy the "
+"book, so, too, you would be able to sample a bit from the movie on-line "
+"before you bought it."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 157 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7064
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7786

 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
 msgid ""
 "In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
 "intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "


@@ -8953,26 +11138,36 @@ msgid ""
 "content as a way to help sell Disney films; he had customers who depended "
 "upon his delivering this content. Disney would agree to talk only if Video "
 "Pipeline stopped the distribution immediately.  Video Pipeline thought it "
 "content as a way to help sell Disney films; he had customers who depended "
 "upon his delivering this content. Disney would agree to talk only if Video "
 "Pipeline stopped the distribution immediately.  Video Pipeline thought it "

-"was within their \"fair use\" rights to distribute the clips as they had. So "
-"they filed a lawsuit to ask the court to declare that these rights were in "
-"fact their rights."
+"was within their <quote>fair use</quote> rights to distribute the clips as "
+"they had. So they filed a lawsuit to ask the court to declare that these "
+"rights were in fact their rights."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7081
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7803
+msgid "willful infringement findings in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7804
+msgid "willful infringement"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7806

 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
 msgid ""
 "Disney countersued&mdash;for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "

-"predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had \"willfully infringed\" on "
-"Disney's copyright. When a court makes a finding of willful infringement, it "
-"can award damages not on the basis of the actual harm to the copyright "
-"owner, but on the basis of an amount set in the statute. Because Video "
-"Pipeline had distributed seven hundred clips of Disney movies to enable "
-"video stores to sell copies of those movies, Disney was now suing Video "
-"Pipeline for $100 million."
+"predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
+"infringed</quote> on Disney's copyright. When a court makes a finding of "
+"willful infringement, it can award damages not on the basis of the actual "
+"harm to the copyright owner, but on the basis of an amount set in the "
+"statute. Because Video Pipeline had distributed seven hundred clips of "
+"Disney movies to enable video stores to sell copies of those movies, Disney "
+"was now suing Video Pipeline for $100 million."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7093
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7816

 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
 msgid ""
 "Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
 "stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "


@@ -8983,25 +11178,35 @@ msgid ""
 "Disney's permission."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Disney's permission."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7102
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7824
+msgid "first-sale doctrine"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7826

 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
 "Disney this power. Before the Internet, Disney couldn't really control how "
 "people got access to their content. Once a video was in the marketplace, the "
 msgid ""
 "Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
 "consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
 "Disney this power. Before the Internet, Disney couldn't really control how "
 "people got access to their content. Once a video was in the marketplace, the "

-"\"first-sale doctrine\" would free the seller to use the video as he wished, "
-"including showing portions of it in order to engender sales of the entire "
-"movie video. But with the Internet, it becomes possible for Disney to "
-"centralize control over access to this content. Because each use of the "
-"Internet produces a copy, use on the Internet becomes subject to the "
+"<quote>first-sale doctrine</quote> would free the seller to use the video as "
+"he wished, including showing portions of it in order to engender sales of "
+"the entire movie video. But with the Internet, it becomes possible for "
+"Disney to centralize control over access to this content. Because each use "
+"of the Internet produces a copy, use on the Internet becomes subject to the "

 "copyright owner's control. The technology expands the scope of effective "
 "control, because the technology builds a copy into every transaction."
 msgstr ""
 
 "copyright owner's control. The technology expands the scope of effective "
 "control, because the technology builds a copy into every transaction."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7845
+msgid "Barnes &amp; Noble"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 158 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7850

 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "
 msgid ""
 "No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
 "is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes &amp; Noble has the right to say you "


@@ -9017,8 +11222,8 @@ msgid ""
 "are quite slight."
 msgstr ""
 
 "are quite slight."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7135
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7865

 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
 msgid ""
 "Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
 "architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "


@@ -9028,13 +11233,13 @@ msgid ""
 "contexts it is a recipe for disaster."
 msgstr ""
 
 "contexts it is a recipe for disaster."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7145
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:7874

 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7147
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7876

 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
 msgid ""
 "The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
 "important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "


@@ -9042,8 +11247,18 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation; it affects how such regulation is enforced."
 msgstr ""
 
 "regulation; it affects how such regulation is enforced."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7153
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7881
+msgid "technology as automatic enforcer of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7882
+msgid "copyright enforcement controlled by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7884

 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "
 msgid ""
 "In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
 "controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law.  The law, "


@@ -9052,47 +11267,57 @@ msgid ""
 "who said whether and how the law would restrict your freedom."
 msgstr ""
 
 "who said whether and how the law would restrict your freedom."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7160
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7891

 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Casablanca"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7892 freeculture.xml:8064
+msgid "Marx Brothers"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f19 
 #.  f19 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7903

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 44 (1981): 172&ndash;73."
+"See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
+"172&ndash;73."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7162
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7895

 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
 msgid ""
 "There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "

-"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of Casablanca. Warner "
-"Brothers objected. They wrote a nasty letter to the Marxes, warning them "
-"that there would be serious legal consequences if they went forward with "
-"their plan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
+"<citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>. Warner Brothers objected. They wrote a "
+"nasty letter to the Marxes, warning them that there would be serious legal "
+"consequences if they went forward with their plan.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f20 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7179
-msgid "Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 1&ndash;3."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7912
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
+"<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1&ndash;3."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7175
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7908

 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
 msgid ""
 "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "

-"that the Marx Brothers \"were brothers long before you were.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers therefore owned the word "
-"brothers, and if Warner Brothers insisted on trying to control Casablanca, "
-"then the Marx Brothers would insist on control over brothers."
+"that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
+"were.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers "
+"therefore owned the word <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>, and if Warner "
+"Brothers insisted on trying to control <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, "
+"then the Marx Brothers would insist on control over "
+"<citetitle>brothers</citetitle>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7186
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7922

 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
 msgid ""
 "An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
 "Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "


@@ -9100,8 +11325,8 @@ msgid ""
 "Warner Brothers) enjoyed."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Warner Brothers) enjoyed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7192
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7929

 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
 msgid ""
 "On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
 "Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "


@@ -9112,13 +11337,18 @@ msgid ""
 "Marx Brothers. The consequence of that is not at all funny."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Marx Brothers. The consequence of that is not at all funny."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7203
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7941
+msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7943

 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7206
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7946

 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
 msgid ""
 "An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
 "book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "


@@ -9126,121 +11356,131 @@ msgid ""
 "publisher delivers the content by using the technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 "publisher delivers the content by using the technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7213
-msgid "On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7954
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/example-adobe-ebook-reader.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7957
+msgid ""
+"In figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-example-adobe-ebook-reader\"/> is a picture of an old version "
+"of my Adobe eBook Reader."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 160 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7217
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7962

 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
 msgid ""
 "As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
 "library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "

-"Middlemarch, for example, is in the public domain.  Some of them reproduce "
-"content that is not in the public domain: My own book The Future of Ideas is "
-"not yet within the public domain.  Consider Middlemarch first. If you click "
-"on my e-book copy of Middlemarch, you'll see a fancy cover, and then a "
-"button at the bottom called Permissions."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7228
-msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7229
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
+"<citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle>, for example, is in the public domain.  "
+"Some of them reproduce content that is not in the public domain: My own book "
+"<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> is not yet within the public "
+"domain.  Consider <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> first. If you click on "
+"my e-book copy of <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle>, you'll see a fancy "
+"cover, and then a button at the bottom called Permissions."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7232
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7975

 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
 "that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7236
-msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7237
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7980
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 161 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7241
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7984

 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
 "text to the clipboard.)  I also have the permission to print ten pages from "
 "the book every ten days. Lastly, I have the permission to use the Read Aloud "
 msgid ""
 "According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
 "of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
 "text to the clipboard.)  I also have the permission to print ten pages from "
 "the book every ten days. Lastly, I have the permission to use the Read Aloud "

-"button to hear Middlemarch read aloud through the computer."
+"button to hear <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> read aloud through the "
+"computer."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7257
-msgid ""
-"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
-"translation): Aristotle's Politics."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7991
+msgid "Aristotle"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7992
+msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7261
-msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s &quot;Politics&quot;"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:7994
+msgid ""
+"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
+"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7262
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7999
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/aristotele-ebook.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7265
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8002

 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
 "all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7270
-msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s &quot;Politics&quot;."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:8008
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7271
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8010 freeculture.xml:9866
+msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7274
-msgid ""
-"Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
-"e-book version of my last book, The Future of Ideas:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8011 freeculture.xml:9867 freeculture.xml:11183 freeculture.xml:11229 freeculture.xml:13523
+msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7279
-msgid "List of the permissions for &quot;The Future of Ideas&quot;."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8013
+msgid ""
+"Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
+"e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7280
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:8020
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7283
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8023

 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 
 msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7293
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8033

 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
 msgid ""
 "In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
 "example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "


@@ -9250,62 +11490,64 @@ msgid ""
 "necessarily pass to anyone who subsequently acquired the book."
 msgstr ""
 
 "necessarily pass to anyone who subsequently acquired the book."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7286
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8026

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls \"permissions\"&mdash; as "
-"if the publisher has the power to control how you use these works.  For "
-"works under copyright, the copyright owner certainly does have the "
-"power&mdash;up to the limits of the copyright law. But for work not under "
-"copyright, there is no such copyright power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of Middlemarch says I have the permission to copy "
-"only ten text selections into the memory every ten days, what that really "
-"means is that the eBook Reader has enabled the publisher to control how I "
-"use the book on my computer, far beyond the control that the law would "
-"enable."
+"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
+"<quote>permissions</quote>&mdash; as if the publisher has the power to "
+"control how you use these works.  For works under copyright, the copyright "
+"owner certainly does have the power&mdash;up to the limits of the copyright "
+"law. But for work not under copyright, there is no such copyright "
+"power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of "
+"<citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> says I have the permission to copy only "
+"ten text selections into the memory every ten days, what that really means "
+"is that the eBook Reader has enabled the publisher to control how I use the "
+"book on my computer, far beyond the control that the law would enable."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7308
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8048

 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "
 msgid ""
 "The control comes instead from the code&mdash;from the technology within "

-"which the e-book \"lives.\" Though the e-book says that these are "
-"permissions, they are not the sort of \"permissions\" that most of us deal "
-"with. When a teenager gets \"permission\" to stay out till midnight, she "
-"knows (unless she's Cinderella) that she can stay out till 2 A.M., but will "
-"suffer a punishment if she's caught. But when the Adobe eBook Reader says I "
-"have the permission to make ten copies of the text into the computer's "
-"memory, that means that after I've made ten copies, the computer will not "
-"make any more. The same with the printing restrictions: After ten pages, the "
-"eBook Reader will not print any more pages.  It's the same with the silly "
-"restriction that says that you can't use the Read Aloud button to read my "
-"book aloud&mdash;it's not that the company will sue you if you do; instead, "
-"if you push the Read Aloud button with my book, the machine simply won't "
-"read aloud."
+"which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
+"permissions, they are not the sort of <quote>permissions</quote> that most "
+"of us deal with. When a teenager gets <quote>permission</quote> to stay out "
+"till midnight, she knows (unless she's Cinderella) that she can stay out "
+"till 2 A.M., but will suffer a punishment if she's caught. But when the "
+"Adobe eBook Reader says I have the permission to make ten copies of the text "
+"into the computer's memory, that means that after I've made ten copies, the "
+"computer will not make any more. The same with the printing restrictions: "
+"After ten pages, the eBook Reader will not print any more pages.  It's the "
+"same with the silly restriction that says that you can't use the Read Aloud "
+"button to read my book aloud&mdash;it's not that the company will sue you if "
+"you do; instead, if you push the Read Aloud button with my book, the machine "
+"simply won't read aloud."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 163 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7326
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8068

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"These are controls, not permissions. Imagine a world where the Marx Brothers "
-"sold word processing software that, when you tried to type \"Warner "
-"Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence."
+"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
+"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
+"to type <quote>Warner Brothers,</quote> erased <quote>Brothers</quote> from "
+"the sentence."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7331
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8074

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright law as copyright "
-"code. The controls over access to content will not be controls that are "
-"ratified by courts; the controls over access to content will be controls "
-"that are coded by programmers. And whereas the controls that are built into "
-"the law are always to be checked by a judge, the controls that are built "
-"into the technology have no similar built-in check."
+"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
+"<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
+"controls over access to content will not be controls that are ratified by "
+"courts; the controls over access to content will be controls that are coded "
+"by programmers. And whereas the controls that are built into the law are "
+"always to be checked by a judge, the controls that are built into the "
+"technology have no similar built-in check."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7339
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8083

 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
 msgid ""
 "How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
 "built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "


@@ -9314,44 +11556,51 @@ msgid ""
 "as well?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "as well?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7347
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8090

 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
 "Reader."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7351
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8093
+msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8094
+msgid "e-book restrictions on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8096

 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
 msgid ""
 "Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
 "relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "

-"Adobe site was a copy of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.  This wonderful "
-"book is in the public domain. Yet when you clicked on Permissions for that "
-"book, you got the following report:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7359
-msgid "List of the permissions for &quot;Alice's Adventures in Wonderland&quot;."
+"Adobe site was a copy of <citetitle>Alice's Adventures in "
+"Wonderland</citetitle>.  This wonderful book is in the public domain. Yet "
+"when you clicked on Permissions for that book, you got the following report:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7361
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:8105
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 164 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7365
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8109

 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
 msgid ""
 "Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "

-"not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the \"permissions\" "
-"indicated, not allowed to \"read aloud\"!"
+"not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
+"<quote>permissions</quote> indicated, not allowed to <quote>read "
+"aloud</quote>!"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7372
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8114

 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
 msgid ""
 "The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission.  For the "
 "text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "


@@ -9361,8 +11610,8 @@ msgid ""
 "absurd."
 msgstr ""
 
 "absurd."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7380
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8122

 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
 msgid ""
 "Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
 "restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "


@@ -9376,8 +11625,8 @@ msgid ""
 "because the answer, however absurd it might seem, is no."
 msgstr ""
 
 "because the answer, however absurd it might seem, is no."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7393
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8137

 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
 msgid ""
 "The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
 "companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "


@@ -9386,29 +11635,44 @@ msgid ""
 "is understandable, yet what it creates is often crazy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "is understandable, yet what it creates is often crazy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7401
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8147

 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
 "of mine that makes the same point."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7404 freeculture.xml:7446
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8150 freeculture.xml:8294 freeculture.xml:8359 freeculture.xml:8471

 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7406
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8151 freeculture.xml:8295 freeculture.xml:8360 freeculture.xml:8472
+msgid "robotic dog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8152 freeculture.xml:8296 freeculture.xml:8361 freeculture.xml:8473
+msgid "Sony"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8152 freeculture.xml:8296 freeculture.xml:8361 freeculture.xml:8473
+msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8154

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named \"Aibo.\" The Aibo learns "
-"tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and that "
-"doesn't leave that much of a mess (at least in your house)."
+"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
+"learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
+"that doesn't leave that much of a mess (at least in your house)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 165 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7411
+#.  PAGE BREAK 165
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8159

 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
 "clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "


@@ -9418,34 +11682,40 @@ msgid ""
 "the ones Sony had taught it."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the ones Sony had taught it."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7420
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8168

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Teach\" here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute computers.  You "
-"teach a computer how to do something by programming it differently.  So to "
-"say that aibopet.com was giving information about how to teach the dog to do "
-"new tricks is just to say that aibopet.com was giving information to users "
-"of the Aibo pet about how to hack their computer \"dog\" to make it do new "
-"tricks (thus, aibohack.com)."
+"<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
+"computers.  You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
+"differently.  So to say that aibopet.com was giving information about how to "
+"teach the dog to do new tricks is just to say that aibopet.com was giving "
+"information to users of the Aibo pet about how to hack their computer "
+"<quote>dog</quote> to make it do new tricks (thus, aibohack.com)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8175
+msgid "hacks"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8177

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word hack has "
-"a particularly unfriendly connotation. Nonprogrammers hack bushes or "
-"weeds. Nonprogrammers in horror movies do even worse. But to programmers, or "
-"coders, as I call them, hack is a much more positive term. Hack just means "
-"code that enables the program to do something it wasn't originally intended "
-"or enabled to do. If you buy a new printer for an old computer, you might "
-"find the old computer doesn't run, or \"drive,\" the printer. If you "
-"discovered that, you'd later be happy to discover a hack on the Net by "
-"someone who has written a driver to enable the computer to drive the printer "
-"you just bought."
+"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
+"<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
+"connotation. Nonprogrammers hack bushes or weeds. Nonprogrammers in horror "
+"movies do even worse. But to programmers, or coders, as I call them, "
+"<citetitle>hack</citetitle> is a much more positive "
+"term. <citetitle>Hack</citetitle> just means code that enables the program "
+"to do something it wasn't originally intended or enabled to do. If you buy a "
+"new printer for an old computer, you might find the old computer doesn't "
+"run, or <quote>drive,</quote> the printer. If you discovered that, you'd "
+"later be happy to discover a hack on the Net by someone who has written a "
+"driver to enable the computer to drive the printer you just bought."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8191

 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
 msgid ""
 "Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
 "to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "


@@ -9454,8 +11724,8 @@ msgid ""
 "ethically."
 msgstr ""
 
 "ethically."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7448
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8198

 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
 "offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "


@@ -9465,8 +11735,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 166 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7455
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8208

 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
 msgid ""
 "I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
 "States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "


@@ -9476,12 +11746,17 @@ msgid ""
 "dance jazz. Nor is it a crime to teach your dog to dance jazz. Nor should it "
 "be a crime (though we don't have a lot to go on here) to teach your robot "
 "dog to dance jazz. Dancing jazz is a completely legal activity. One imagines "
 "dance jazz. Nor is it a crime to teach your dog to dance jazz. Nor should it "
 "be a crime (though we don't have a lot to go on here) to teach your robot "
 "dog to dance jazz. Dancing jazz is a completely legal activity. One imagines "

-"that the owner of aibopet.com thought, What possible problem could there be "
-"with teaching a robot dog to dance?"
+"that the owner of aibopet.com thought, <emphasis>What possible problem could "
+"there be with teaching a robot dog to dance?</emphasis>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7471
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8223
+msgid "government case against"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8225

 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
 msgid ""
 "Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show&mdash; not "
 "literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "


@@ -9494,28 +11769,32 @@ msgid ""
 "knew very well."
 msgstr ""
 
 "knew very well."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7494 freeculture.xml:9924
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8248 freeculture.xml:10821

 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7484
-msgid ""
-"See Pamela Samuelson, \"Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science,\" "
-"Science 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, \"Play Dead: Sony Muzzles the "
-"Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks,\" American Prospect, January 2002; "
-"\"Court Dismisses Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,\" Intellectual "
-"Property Litigation Reporter, 11 December 2001; Bill Holland, \"Copyright "
-"Act Raising Free-Speech Concerns,\" Billboard, May 2001; Janelle Brown, \"Is "
-"the RIAA Running Scared?\" Salon.com, April 2001; Electronic Frontier "
-"Foundation, \"Frequently Asked Questions about Felten and USENIX v. RIAA "
-"Legal Case,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#27</ulink>.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8238
+msgid ""
+"See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
+"Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
+"I. Koerner, <quote>Play Dead: Sony Muzzles the Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog "
+"New Tricks,</quote> <citetitle>American Prospect</citetitle>, January 2002; "
+"<quote>Court Dismisses Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Intellectual Property Litigation Reporter</citetitle>, 11 "
+"December 2001; Bill Holland, <quote>Copyright Act Raising Free-Speech "
+"Concerns,</quote> <citetitle>Billboard</citetitle>, May 2001; Janelle Brown, "
+"<quote>Is the RIAA Running Scared?</quote> Salon.com, April 2001; Electronic "
+"Frontier Foundation, <quote>Frequently Asked Questions about "
+"<citetitle>Felten and USENIX</citetitle> v. <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> "
+"Legal Case,</quote> available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #27</ulink>.  <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7482
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8236

 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
 msgid ""
 "But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "


@@ -9524,20 +11803,20 @@ msgid ""
 "Initiative as a technique to control the distribution of music."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Initiative as a technique to control the distribution of music."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7502
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8256

 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
 "originally stood, granted them. Using encryption, SDMI hoped to develop a "
 msgid ""
 "The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
 "exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
 "originally stood, granted them. Using encryption, SDMI hoped to develop a "

-"standard that would allow the content owner to say \"this music cannot be "
-"copied,\" and have a computer respect that command.  The technology was to "
-"be part of a \"trusted system\" of control that would get content owners to "
-"trust the system of the Internet much more."
+"standard that would allow the content owner to say <quote>this music cannot "
+"be copied,</quote> and have a computer respect that command.  The technology "
+"was to be part of a <quote>trusted system</quote> of control that would get "
+"content owners to trust the system of the Internet much more."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7512
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8266

 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
 msgid ""
 "When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition.  In "
 "exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "


@@ -9546,8 +11825,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 167 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7519
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8273

 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
 msgid ""
 "Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
 "team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "


@@ -9555,8 +11834,8 @@ msgid ""
 "worthwhile to point this out to those who study encryption."
 msgstr ""
 
 "worthwhile to point this out to those who study encryption."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7525
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8279

 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
 msgid ""
 "Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
 "States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "


@@ -9566,8 +11845,8 @@ msgid ""
 "systems or people or ideas criticized."
 msgstr ""
 
 "systems or people or ideas criticized."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7533
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8287

 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
 msgid ""
 "What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
 "the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "


@@ -9576,24 +11855,24 @@ msgid ""
 "SDMI system, and why SDMI would not, as presently constituted, succeed."
 msgstr ""
 
 "SDMI system, and why SDMI would not, as presently constituted, succeed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7541
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8298

 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
 "hack. Though a jazz-dancing dog is perfectly legal, Sony wrote:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
 "received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
 "hack. Though a jazz-dancing dog is perfectly legal, Sony wrote:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8305

 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
 "provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
 "copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
 "provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7554
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8314

 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
 msgid ""
 "And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
 "encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "


@@ -9601,46 +11880,48 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 168 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7560
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8320

 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
 "Agreement and could subject you and your research team to actions under the "
 msgid ""
 "Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
 "Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
 "Agreement and could subject you and your research team to actions under the "

-"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (\"DMCA\")."
+"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (<quote>DMCA</quote>)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7568
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8328

 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
 "information an offense."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
 "of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
 "information an offense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7573
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8333

 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
 "response was to find technologies that might compensate.  These new "
 "technologies would be copyright protection technologies&mdash; technologies "
 "to control the replication and distribution of copyrighted material. They "
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
 "cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
 "response was to find technologies that might compensate.  These new "
 "technologies would be copyright protection technologies&mdash; technologies "
 "to control the replication and distribution of copyrighted material. They "

-"were designed as code to modify the original code of the Internet, to "
-"reestablish some protection for copyright owners."
+"were designed as <emphasis>code</emphasis> to modify the original "
+"<emphasis>code</emphasis> of the Internet, to reestablish some protection "
+"for copyright owners."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7582
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8344

 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
 msgid ""
 "The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "

-"designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, legal code "
-"intended to buttress software code which itself was intended to support the "
-"legal code of copyright."
+"designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
+"<emphasis>legal code</emphasis> intended to buttress <emphasis>software "
+"code</emphasis> which itself was intended to support the <emphasis>legal "
+"code of copyright</emphasis>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8351

 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
 msgid ""
 "But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
 "extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "


@@ -9651,8 +11932,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 169 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7597
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8363

 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
 msgid ""
 "Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
 "copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "


@@ -9665,8 +11946,8 @@ msgid ""
 "system was circumvented."
 msgstr ""
 
 "system was circumvented."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7609
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8375

 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
 msgid ""
 "The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
 "of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "


@@ -9676,67 +11957,83 @@ msgid ""
 "others to infringe others' copyright."
 msgstr ""
 
 "others to infringe others' copyright."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7617
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8382 freeculture.xml:8417
+msgid "Rogers, Fred"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8393 freeculture.xml:8432 freeculture.xml:8460
+msgid "Conrad, Paul"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8385

 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
 "be banned because it was a copyright-infringing technology: It enabled "
 "consumers to copy films without the permission of the copyright owner. No "
 "doubt there were uses of the technology that were legal: Fred Rogers, aka "
 msgid ""
 "The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
 "Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
 "be banned because it was a copyright-infringing technology: It enabled "
 "consumers to copy films without the permission of the copyright owner. No "
 "doubt there were uses of the technology that were legal: Fred Rogers, aka "

-"\"Mr. Rogers,\" for example, had testified in that case that he wanted "
-"people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood."
+"<quote><citetitle>Mr. Rogers</citetitle>,</quote> for example, had testified "
+"in that case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' "
+"Neighborhood.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f23 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8412

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, "
-"455 fn. 27 (1984). Rogers never changed his view about the VCR. See James "
-"Lardner, Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the Onslaught of the VCR "
-"(New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 270&ndash;71."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
+"America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
+"464 U.S. 417, 455 fn. 27 (1984). Rogers never changed his view about the "
+"VCR. See James Lardner, <citetitle>Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, "
+"and the Onslaught of the VCR</citetitle> (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), "
+"270&ndash;71.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7628
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8397

 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
 msgid ""
 "Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "

-"\"Neighborhood\" at hours when some children cannot use it. I think that "
-"it's a real service to families to be able to record such programs and show "
-"them at appropriate times. I have always felt that with the advent of all of "
-"this new technology that allows people to tape the \"Neighborhood\" "
-"off-the-air, and I'm speaking for the \"Neighborhood\" because that's what I "
-"produce, that they then become much more active in the programming of their "
-"family's television life. Very frankly, I am opposed to people being "
-"programmed by others. My whole approach in broadcasting has always been "
-"\"You are an important person just the way you are. You can make healthy "
-"decisions.\" Maybe I'm going on too long, but I just feel that anything that "
-"allows a person to be more active in the control of his or her life, in a "
-"healthy way, is important.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
+"think that it's a real service to families to be able to record such "
+"programs and show them at appropriate times. I have always felt that with "
+"the advent of all of this new technology that allows people to tape the "
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> off-the-air, and I'm speaking for the "
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> because that's what I produce, that they then "
+"become much more active in the programming of their family's television "
+"life. Very frankly, I am opposed to people being programmed by others. My "
+"whole approach in broadcasting has always been <quote>You are an important "
+"person just the way you are. You can make healthy decisions.</quote> Maybe "
+"I'm going on too long, but I just feel that anything that allows a person to "
+"be more active in the control of his or her life, in a healthy way, is "
+"important.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 170 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7652
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8423

 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
 "responsible."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
 "that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
 "responsible."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7657
-msgid "This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8428
+msgid ""
+"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon in figure <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/>, "
+"which we can adopt to the DMCA.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8435

 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7664
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8438

 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "
 msgid ""
 "The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
 "technologies. Circumvention technologies can be used for different "


@@ -9746,9 +12043,14 @@ msgid ""
 "use&mdash;a good end."
 msgstr ""
 
 "use&mdash;a good end."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8445
+msgid "handguns"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 171 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7672
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8447

 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "
 msgid ""
 "A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
 "such a use is bad. Or a handgun can be used for target practice or to "


@@ -9756,29 +12058,33 @@ msgid ""
 "be good. It, too, is a technology that has both good and bad uses."
 msgstr ""
 
 "be good. It, too, is a technology that has both good and bad uses."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7680
-msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:8455
+msgid ""
+"&mdash; On which item have the courts ruled that manufacturers and retailers "
+"be held responsible for having supplied the equipment?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7681
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:8458
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/vcr-comic.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"100%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7684
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8462

 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
 msgid ""
 "The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
 "are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "

-"technologies) are illegal. Flash: No one ever died from copyright "
-"circumvention. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies absolutely, "
-"despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits guns, "
-"despite the obvious and tragic harm they do."
+"technologies) are illegal. Flash: <emphasis>No one ever died from copyright "
+"circumvention</emphasis>. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies "
+"absolutely, despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits "
+"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7692
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8475

 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "
 msgid ""
 "The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
 "balance that copyright law grants. Using code, copyright owners restrict "


@@ -9788,22 +12094,22 @@ msgid ""
 "erasing."
 msgstr ""
 
 "erasing."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7700
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8483

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This is how code becomes law. The controls built into the technology of copy "
-"and access protection become rules the violation of which is also a "
-"violation of the law. In this way, the code extends the law&mdash;increasing "
-"its regulation, even if the subject it regulates (activities that would "
-"otherwise plainly constitute fair use) is beyond the reach of the law. Code "
-"becomes law; code extends the law; code thus extends the control that "
-"copyright owners effect&mdash;at least for those copyright holders with the "
-"lawyers who can write the nasty letters that Felten and aibopet.com "
-"received."
+"This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
+"controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
+"rules the violation of which is also a violation of the law. In this way, "
+"the code extends the law&mdash;increasing its regulation, even if the "
+"subject it regulates (activities that would otherwise plainly constitute "
+"fair use) is beyond the reach of the law. Code becomes law; code extends the "
+"law; code thus extends the control that copyright owners effect&mdash;at "
+"least for those copyright holders with the lawyers who can write the nasty "
+"letters that Felten and aibopet.com received."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7710
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8495

 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "
 msgid ""
 "There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
 "that contributes to the force of copyright's regulation. This is the ease "


@@ -9817,26 +12123,27 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f24 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7729
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8514

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, \"Legal Fictions, "
-"Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,\" Loyola of Los Angeles "
-"Entertainment Law Journal 17 (1997): 651."
+"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
+"Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Journal</citetitle> 17 "
+"(1997): 651."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7723
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8508

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"For example, imagine you were part of a Star Trek fan club. You gathered "
-"every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of fan fiction about "
-"the show. One person would play Spock, another, Captain Kirk. The characters "
-"would begin with a plot from a real story, then simply continue "
-"it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
+"club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
+"fan fiction about the show. One person would play Spock, another, Captain "
+"Kirk. The characters would begin with a plot from a real story, then simply "
+"continue it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8520

 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "
 msgid ""
 "Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity.  "
 "No matter what happened inside your club room, you would never be interfered "


@@ -9845,8 +12152,8 @@ msgid ""
 "wished without fear of legal control."
 msgstr ""
 
 "wished without fear of legal control."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7742
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8528

 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "
 msgid ""
 "But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
 "available for others to join, the story would be very different. Bots "


@@ -9858,8 +12165,8 @@ msgid ""
 "is quick."
 msgstr ""
 
 "is quick."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7752
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8538

 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "
 msgid ""
 "This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
 "ease with which the law can be enforced. That change too shifts the law's "


@@ -9869,14 +12176,14 @@ msgid ""
 "is, in effect, what is happening here."
 msgstr ""
 
 "is, in effect, what is happening here."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:8547

 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 
 msgid "Market: Concentration"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 173 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7763
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8549

 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "
 msgid ""
 "So copyright's duration has increased dramatically&mdash;tripled in the past "
 "thirty years. And copyright's scope has increased as well&mdash;from "


@@ -9893,8 +12200,8 @@ msgid ""
 "to copyright's control."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to copyright's control."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7781
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8567

 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "
 msgid ""
 "Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
 "for one more change that we must also consider. This is a change that is in "


@@ -9903,8 +12210,8 @@ msgid ""
 "about all the other changes I have described."
 msgstr ""
 
 "about all the other changes I have described."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7788
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8574

 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "
 msgid ""
 "This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media.  In "
 "the past twenty years, the nature of media ownership has undergone a radical "


@@ -9913,22 +12220,42 @@ msgid ""
 "media companies. Now, the media is increasingly owned by only a few "
 "companies. Indeed, after the changes that the FCC announced in June 2003, "
 "most expect that within a few years, we will live in a world where just "
 "media companies. Now, the media is increasingly owned by only a few "
 "companies. Indeed, after the changes that the FCC announced in June 2003, "
 "most expect that within a few years, we will live in a world where just "

-"three companies control more than percent of the media."
+"three companies control more than 85 percent of the media."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7799
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8585

 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7802
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8589

 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "BMG"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8590 freeculture.xml:9976
+msgid "EMI"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8591
+msgid "McCain, John"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8592 freeculture.xml:9983
+msgid "Universal Music Group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8593
+msgid "Warner Music Group"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f25 
 #.  f25 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7808
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8599

 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "
 msgid ""
 "FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
 "Transportation Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (22 May 2003)  (statement "


@@ -9936,50 +12263,51 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f26 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7815
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8606

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lynette Holloway, \"Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to Slide,\" "
-"New York Times, 23 December 2002."
+"Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
+"Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f27 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7821
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8612

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Molly Ivins, \"Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,\" Charleston Gazette, 31 "
-"May 2003."
+"Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8595

 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
 msgid ""
 "Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "

-"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, \"five "
-"companies control 85 percent of our media sources.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The five recording labels of Universal Music "
-"Group, BMG, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and EMI control "
-"84.8 percent of the U.S. music market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/> The \"five largest cable companies pipe programming to 74 percent "
-"of the cable subscribers nationwide.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"2\"/>"
+"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
+"<quote>five companies control 85 percent of our media "
+"sources.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The five recording "
+"labels of Universal Music Group, BMG, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music "
+"Group, and EMI control 84.8 percent of the U.S. music market.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The <quote>five largest cable companies pipe "
+"programming to 74 percent of the cable subscribers "
+"nationwide.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 174 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7826
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8617

 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "
 msgid ""
 "The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
 "nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than "

-"seventy-five stations. Today one company owns more than 1,200 stations.  "
-"During that period of consolidation, the total number of radio owners "
-"dropped by 34 percent. Today, in most markets, the two largest broadcasters "
-"control 74 percent of that market's revenues. Overall, just four companies "
-"control 90 percent of the nation's radio advertising revenues."
+"seventy-five stations. Today <emphasis>one</emphasis> company owns more than "
+"1,200 stations.  During that period of consolidation, the total number of "
+"radio owners dropped by 34 percent. Today, in most markets, the two largest "
+"broadcasters control 74 percent of that market's revenues. Overall, just "
+"four companies control 90 percent of the nation's radio advertising "
+"revenues."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7837
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8629

 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "
 msgid ""
 "Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well.  Today, there are "
 "six hundred fewer daily newspapers in the United States than there were "


@@ -9992,34 +12320,35 @@ msgid ""
 "market."
 msgstr ""
 
 "market."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7851 freeculture.xml:7868
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8639 freeculture.xml:8660

 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Fallows, James"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7848
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8641

 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "
 msgid ""
 "Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
 "the nature of that concentration. As author James Fallows put it in a recent "

-"article about Rupert Murdoch, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"article about Rupert Murdoch,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7866
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8658

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (September 2003): "
-"89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
+"Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7855
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8647

 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
 msgid ""
 "Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "

-"integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies . . .  Fox TV shows "
-". . . Fox-controlled sports broadcasts, plus newspapers and books. They sell "
-"the content to the public and to advertisers&mdash;in newspapers, on the "
-"broadcast network, on the cable channels. And they operate the physical "
+"integration. They supply content&mdash;Fox movies &hellip; Fox TV shows "
+"&hellip; Fox-controlled sports broadcasts, plus newspapers and books. They "
+"sell the content to the public and to advertisers&mdash;in newspapers, on "
+"the broadcast network, on the cable channels. And they operate the physical "

 "distribution system through which the content reaches the "
 "customers. Murdoch's satellite systems now distribute News Corp. content in "
 "Europe and Asia; if Murdoch becomes DirecTV's largest single owner, that "
 "distribution system through which the content reaches the "
 "customers. Murdoch's satellite systems now distribute News Corp. content in "
 "Europe and Asia; if Murdoch becomes DirecTV's largest single owner, that "


@@ -10027,8 +12356,8 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7873
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8665

 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "
 msgid ""
 "The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
 "companies owning many radio stations, but a few companies owning as many "


@@ -10036,27 +12365,24 @@ msgid ""
 "thousand words could do:"
 msgstr ""
 
 "thousand words could do:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7879
-msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7880
-msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:8672
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/pattern-modern-media-ownership.png\" "
+"align=\"center\" width=\"90%\"></graphic>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 175 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7884
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8676

 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
 "content?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
 "distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
 "content?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7889
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8681

 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
 msgid ""
 "My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
 "more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "


@@ -10064,47 +12390,47 @@ msgid ""
 "beginning to change my mind."
 msgstr ""
 
 "beginning to change my mind."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7895
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8687

 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
 "may matter."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7898
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8690

 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Lear, Norman"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7900 freeculture.xml:7964
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8692 freeculture.xml:8755

 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "All in the Family"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7902
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8694

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for All in the Family. He took the "
-"pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It was too edgy, they told "
-"Lear. Make it again. Lear made a second pilot, more edgy than the first. ABC "
-"was exasperated. You're missing the point, they told Lear.  We wanted less "
-"edgy, not more."
+"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the "
+"Family</citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It "
+"was too edgy, they told Lear. Make it again. Lear made a second pilot, more "
+"edgy than the first. ABC was exasperated. You're missing the point, they "
+"told Lear.  We wanted less edgy, not more."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f29 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7914
-msgid ""
-"Leonard Hill, \"The Axis of Access,\" remarks before Weidenbaum Center "
-"Forum, \"Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,\" St. Louis, Missouri, "
-"3 April 2003 (transcript of prepared remarks available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #28</ulink>; for the Lear story, "
-"not included in the prepared remarks, see <ulink "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8706
+msgid ""
+"Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
+"Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
+"St. Louis, Missouri, 3 April 2003 (transcript of prepared remarks available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #28</ulink>; for the "
+"Lear story, not included in the prepared remarks, see <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7909
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8701

 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "
 msgid ""
 "Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
 "have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking.  The copyrights that "


@@ -10113,20 +12439,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 176 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7926
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8717

 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
 "separation between the networks and the content producers; that separation "
 "would guarantee Lear freedom. And as late as 1992, because of these rules, "
 "the vast majority of prime time television&mdash;75 percent of it&mdash;was "
 msgid ""
 "The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
 "networks from controlling the content they syndicated. The law required a "
 "separation between the networks and the content producers; that separation "
 "would guarantee Lear freedom. And as late as 1992, because of these rules, "
 "the vast majority of prime time television&mdash;75 percent of it&mdash;was "

-"\"independent\" of the networks."
+"<quote>independent</quote> of the networks."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f30 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7945
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8736

 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "
 msgid ""
 "NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
 "Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st "


@@ -10137,35 +12463,46 @@ msgid ""
 "at FCC En Banc Hearing, Richmond, Virginia, 27 February 2003."
 msgstr ""
 
 "at FCC En Banc Hearing, Richmond, Virginia, 27 February 2003."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7935
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8726

 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
 "twenty-five independent television production studios; in 2002, only five "
 msgid ""
 "In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence.  After "
 "that change, the networks quickly changed the balance.  In 1985, there were "
 "twenty-five independent television production studios; in 2002, only five "

-"independent television studios remained. \"In 1992, only 15 percent of new "
-"series were produced for a network by a company it controlled. Last year, "
-"the percentage of shows produced by controlled companies more than "
-"quintupled to 77 percent.\" \"In 1992, 16 new series were produced "
-"independently of conglomerate control, last year there was "
-"one.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In 2002, 75 percent of prime "
-"time television was owned by the networks that ran it. \"In the ten-year "
-"period between 1992 and 2002, the number of prime time television hours per "
-"week produced by network studios increased over 200%, whereas the number of "
-"prime time television hours per week produced by independent studios "
-"decreased 63%.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"independent television studios remained. <quote>In 1992, only 15 percent of "
+"new series were produced for a network by a company it controlled. Last "
+"year, the percentage of shows produced by controlled companies more than "
+"quintupled to 77 percent.</quote> <quote>In 1992, 16 new series were "
+"produced independently of conglomerate control, last year there was "
+"one.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In 2002, 75 percent of "
+"prime time television was owned by the networks that ran it. <quote>In the "
+"ten-year period between 1992 and 2002, the number of prime time television "
+"hours per week produced by network studios increased over 200%, whereas the "
+"number of prime time television hours per week produced by independent "
+"studios decreased 63%.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7966
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8757

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Today, another Norman Lear with another All in the Family would find that he "
-"had the choice either to make the show less edgy or to be fired: The content "
-"of any show developed for a network is increasingly owned by the network."
+"Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the "
+"Family</citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show "
+"less edgy or to be fired: The content of any show developed for a network is "
+"increasingly owned by the network."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8762
+msgid "Diller, Barry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8763
+msgid "Moyers, Bill"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7972
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8765

 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
 msgid ""
 "While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
 "those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "


@@ -10173,16 +12510,16 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f32 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7987
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8780

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" Now with Bill Moyers, Bill "
-"Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
+"<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
+"Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7978
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8771

 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
 msgid ""
 "Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
 "channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "


@@ -10192,8 +12529,8 @@ msgid ""
 "you have less than a handful.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "you have less than a handful.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7994
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8787

 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "
 msgid ""
 "This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
 "and concentrated networks is increasingly homogenous.  Increasingly "


@@ -10206,57 +12543,60 @@ msgid ""
 "the environment for a democracy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the environment for a democracy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8005
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8798

 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 
 msgid "Clark, Kim B."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f33 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8014
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8807

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National "
-"Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do Business (Cambridge: Harvard Business "
-"School Press, 1997). Christensen acknowledges that the idea was first "
-"suggested by Dean Kim Clark. See Kim B. Clark, \"The Interaction of Design "
-"Hierarchies and Market Concepts in Technological Evolution,\" Research "
-"Policy 14 (1985): 235&ndash;51. For a more recent study, see Richard Foster "
-"and Sarah Kaplan, Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to Last "
-"Underperform the Market&mdash;and How to Successfully Transform Them (New "
-"York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001)."
+"Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
+"Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do "
+"Business</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, "
+"1997). Christensen acknowledges that the idea was first suggested by Dean "
+"Kim Clark. See Kim B. Clark, <quote>The Interaction of Design Hierarchies "
+"and Market Concepts in Technological Evolution,</quote> <citetitle>Research "
+"Policy</citetitle> 14 (1985): 235&ndash;51. For a more recent study, see "
+"Richard Foster and Sarah Kaplan, <citetitle>Creative Destruction: Why "
+"Companies That Are Built to Last Underperform the Market&mdash;and How to "
+"Successfully Transform Them</citetitle> (New York: Currency/Doubleday, "
+"2001)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8007
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8800

 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
 msgid ""
 "Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "

-"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the \"Innovator's "
-"Dilemma\": the fact that large traditional firms find it rational to ignore "
-"new, breakthrough technologies that compete with their core business.  The "
-"same analysis could help explain why large, traditional media companies "
-"would find it rational to ignore new cultural trends.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Lumbering giants not only don't, but should "
-"not, sprint. Yet if the field is only open to the giants, there will be far "
-"too little sprinting.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
+"<quote>Innovator's Dilemma</quote>: the fact that large traditional firms "
+"find it rational to ignore new, breakthrough technologies that compete with "
+"their core business.  The same analysis could help explain why large, "
+"traditional media companies would find it rational to ignore new cultural "
+"trends.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Lumbering giants not only "
+"don't, but should not, sprint. Yet if the field is only open to the giants, "
+"there will be far too little sprinting.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8031
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8824

 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
 "are important, and the effect on culture is hard to measure."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
 "with certainty what concentration and integration will do. The efficiencies "
 "are important, and the effect on culture is hard to measure."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8830

 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
 "the concern."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8834

 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug "
 "wars. Government policy is strongly directed against the drug cartels; "


@@ -10264,8 +12604,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 178 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8046
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8839

 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "
 msgid ""
 "Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
 "position in government by saying I believe this war is a profound mistake. I "


@@ -10282,38 +12622,43 @@ msgid ""
 "reduced drug consumption by Americans could possibly outweigh these costs."
 msgstr ""
 
 "reduced drug consumption by Americans could possibly outweigh these costs."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8065
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8858

 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
 "fundamentally upon the press to help inform Americans about these issues."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
 "through votes that we are to choose policy. But to do that, we depend "
 "fundamentally upon the press to help inform Americans about these issues."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8071
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8866
+msgid "Nick and Norm anti-drug campaign"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8868

 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
 msgid ""
 "Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "

-"media campaign as part of the \"war on drugs.\" The campaign produced scores "
-"of short film clips about issues related to illegal drugs. In one series "
-"(the Nick and Norm series) two men are in a bar, discussing the idea of "
-"legalizing drugs as a way to avoid some of the collateral damage from the "
-"war. One advances an argument in favor of drug legalization. The other "
-"responds in a powerful and effective way against the argument of the "
-"first. In the end, the first guy changes his mind (hey, it's "
+"media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
+"produced scores of short film clips about issues related to illegal "
+"drugs. In one series (the Nick and Norm series) two men are in a bar, "
+"discussing the idea of legalizing drugs as a way to avoid some of the "
+"collateral damage from the war. One advances an argument in favor of drug "
+"legalization. The other responds in a powerful and effective way against the "
+"argument of the first. In the end, the first guy changes his mind (hey, it's "

 "television). The plug at the end is a damning attack on the pro-legalization "
 "campaign."
 msgstr ""
 
 "television). The plug at the end is a damning attack on the pro-legalization "
 "campaign."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8083
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8880

 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
 "message well. It's a fair and reasonable message."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8087
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8884

 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "
 msgid ""
 "But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
 "countercommercial. Say you want to run a series of ads that try to "


@@ -10322,8 +12667,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 179 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8093
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8890

 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "
 msgid ""
 "Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the "
 "money. Assume a group of concerned citizens donates all the money in the "


@@ -10331,40 +12676,80 @@ msgid ""
 "heard then?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "heard then?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f34 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8110
-msgid ""
-"The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
-"directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
-"Washington, D.C., area. Comcast rejected the ads as \"against [their] "
-"policy.\" The local NBC affiliate, WRC, rejected the ads without reviewing "
-"them. The local ABC affiliate, WJOA, originally agreed to run the ads and "
-"accepted payment to do so, but later decided not to run the ads and returned "
-"the collected fees. Interview with Neal Levine, 15 October 2003.  These "
-"restrictions are, of course, not limited to drug policy. See, for example, "
-"Nat Ives, \"On the Issue of an Iraq War, Advocacy Ads Meet with Rejection "
-"from TV Networks,\" New York Times, 13 March 2003, C4.  Outside of "
-"election-related air time there is very little that the FCC or the courts "
-"are willing to do to even the playing field. For a general overview, see "
-"Rhonda Brown, \"Ad Hoc Access: The Regulation of Editorial Advertising on "
-"Television and Radio,\" Yale Law and Policy Review 6 (1988): 449&ndash;79, "
-"and for a more recent summary of the stance of the FCC and the courts, see "
-"Radio-Television News Directors Association v. FCC, 184 F. 3d 872 "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8898
+msgid "on television advertising bans"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8899
+msgid "controversy avoided by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8912
+msgid "Comcast"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8913
+msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8914
+msgid "NBC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8915
+msgid "WJOA"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:8916
+msgid "WRC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8911
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"6\"/> The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place "
+"ads that directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within "
+"the Washington, D.C., area. Comcast rejected the ads as <quote>against "
+"[their] policy.</quote> The local NBC affiliate, WRC, rejected the ads "
+"without reviewing them. The local ABC affiliate, WJOA, originally agreed to "
+"run the ads and accepted payment to do so, but later decided not to run the "
+"ads and returned the collected fees. Interview with Neal Levine, 15 October "
+"2003.  These restrictions are, of course, not limited to drug policy. See, "
+"for example, Nat Ives, <quote>On the Issue of an Iraq War, Advocacy Ads Meet "
+"with Rejection from TV Networks,</quote> <citetitle>New York "
+"Times</citetitle>, 13 March 2003, C4.  Outside of election-related air time "
+"there is very little that the FCC or the courts are willing to do to even "
+"the playing field. For a general overview, see Rhonda Brown, <quote>Ad Hoc "
+"Access: The Regulation of Editorial Advertising on Television and "
+"Radio,</quote> <citetitle>Yale Law and Policy Review</citetitle> 6 (1988): "
+"449&ndash;79, and for a more recent summary of the stance of the FCC and the "
+"courts, see <citetitle>Radio-Television News Directors "
+"Association</citetitle> v. <citetitle>FCC</citetitle>, 184 F. 3d 872 "

 "(D.C. Cir. 1999). Municipal authorities exercise the same authority as the "
 "networks. In a recent example from San Francisco, the San Francisco transit "
 "authority rejected an ad that criticized its Muni diesel buses. Phillip "
 "(D.C. Cir. 1999). Municipal authorities exercise the same authority as the "
 "networks. In a recent example from San Francisco, the San Francisco transit "
 "authority rejected an ad that criticized its Muni diesel buses. Phillip "

-"Matier and Andrew Ross, \"Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects Ad,\" "
-"SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
+"Matier and Andrew Ross, <quote>Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects "
+"Ad,</quote> SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that "

-"the criticism was \"too controversial.\""
+"the criticism was <quote>too controversial.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8100
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8901

 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
 msgid ""
 "No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "

-"\"controversial\" ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
+"<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "

 "uncontroversial; ads disagreeing with the government are controversial.  "
 "This selectivity might be thought inconsistent with the First Amendment, but "
 "the Supreme Court has held that stations have the right to choose what they "
 "uncontroversial; ads disagreeing with the government are controversial.  "
 "This selectivity might be thought inconsistent with the First Amendment, but "
 "the Supreme Court has held that stations have the right to choose what they "


@@ -10374,8 +12759,8 @@ msgid ""
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8137
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8950

 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "
 msgid ""
 "I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well&mdash;if we lived in a "
 "media market that was truly diverse. But concentration in the media throws "


@@ -10387,38 +12772,38 @@ msgid ""
 "mere few get to decide which issues the rest of us get to know about."
 msgstr ""
 
 "mere few get to decide which issues the rest of us get to know about."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8149
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:8963

 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Together"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8151
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8965

 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
 msgid ""
 "There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "

-"warriors that the government should \"protect my property.\" In the "
-"abstract, it is obviously true and, ordinarily, totally harmless. No sane "
-"sort who is not an anarchist could disagree."
+"warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
+"the abstract, it is obviously true and, ordinarily, totally harmless. No "
+"sane sort who is not an anarchist could disagree."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 180 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8971

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But when we see how dramatically this \"property\" has changed&mdash; when "
-"we recognize how it might now interact with both technology and markets to "
-"mean that the effective constraint on the liberty to cultivate our culture "
-"is dramatically different&mdash;the claim begins to seem less innocent and "
-"obvious. Given (1) the power of technology to supplement the law's control, "
-"and (2) the power of concentrated markets to weaken the opportunity for "
-"dissent, if strictly enforcing the massively expanded \"property\" rights "
-"granted by copyright fundamentally changes the freedom within this culture "
-"to cultivate and build upon our past, then we have to ask whether this "
-"property should be redefined."
+"But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
+"changed&mdash; when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
+"technology and markets to mean that the effective constraint on the liberty "
+"to cultivate our culture is dramatically different&mdash;the claim begins to "
+"seem less innocent and obvious. Given (1) the power of technology to "
+"supplement the law's control, and (2) the power of concentrated markets to "
+"weaken the opportunity for dissent, if strictly enforcing the massively "
+"expanded <quote>property</quote> rights granted by copyright fundamentally "
+"changes the freedom within this culture to cultivate and build upon our "
+"past, then we have to ask whether this property should be redefined."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8173
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8987

 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "
 msgid ""
 "Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
 "or go back to the eighteenth century. That would be a total mistake, "


@@ -10426,8 +12811,8 @@ msgid ""
 "today."
 msgstr ""
 
 "today."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8179
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:8993

 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "
 msgid ""
 "But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
 "notwithstanding.  And these massive shifts in the effective power of "


@@ -10440,8 +12825,8 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation&mdash;a weakening of that regulation, to strengthen creativity."
 msgstr ""
 
 "regulation&mdash;a weakening of that regulation, to strengthen creativity."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8191
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9005

 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
 "commitments that, for some mysterious reason, teenagers and geeks now "


@@ -10449,56 +12834,58 @@ msgid ""
 "time, as the technologies of distribution and creation have changed and as "
 "lobbyists have pushed for more control by copyright holders. Changes in the "
 "past in response to changes in technology suggest that we may well need "
 "time, as the technologies of distribution and creation have changed and as "
 "lobbyists have pushed for more control by copyright holders. Changes in the "
 "past in response to changes in technology suggest that we may well need "

-"similar changes in the future. And these changes have to be reductions in "
-"the scope of copyright, in response to the extraordinary increase in control "
-"that technology and the market enable."
+"similar changes in the future. And these changes have to be "
+"<emphasis>reductions</emphasis> in the scope of copyright, in response to "
+"the extraordinary increase in control that technology and the market enable."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 181 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8203
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9017

 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
 "the effect of changing law, concentrated markets, and changing technology, "
 msgid ""
 "For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
 "see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
 "the effect of changing law, concentrated markets, and changing technology, "

-"together they produce an astonishing conclusion: Never in our history have "
-"fewer had a legal right to control more of the development of our culture "
-"than now."
+"together they produce an astonishing conclusion: <emphasis>Never in our "
+"history have fewer had a legal right to control more of the development of "
+"our culture than now</emphasis>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f35 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8225
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9041

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his \"four surrenders\" of "
-"copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159&ndash;60."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a "
+"similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</quote> of copyright law in the "
+"digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159&ndash;60."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8211
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9026

 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
 "tools to publish, for the market then was much more diverse. Not when there "
 "were only three television networks, for even then, newspapers, film "
 "studios, radio stations, and publishers were independent of the "
 msgid ""
 "Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
 "affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
 "tools to publish, for the market then was much more diverse. Not when there "
 "were only three television networks, for even then, newspapers, film "
 "studios, radio stations, and publishers were independent of the "

-"networks. Never has copyright protected such a wide range of rights, against "
-"as broad a range of actors, for a term that was remotely as long. This form "
-"of regulation&mdash;a tiny regulation of a tiny part of the creative energy "
-"of a nation at the founding&mdash;is now a massive regulation of the overall "
-"creative process. Law plus technology plus the market now interact to turn "
-"this historically benign regulation into the most significant regulation of "
-"culture that our free society has known.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"networks. <emphasis>Never</emphasis> has copyright protected such a wide "
+"range of rights, against as broad a range of actors, for a term that was "
+"remotely as long. This form of regulation&mdash;a tiny regulation of a tiny "
+"part of the creative energy of a nation at the founding&mdash;is now a "
+"massive regulation of the overall creative process. Law plus technology plus "
+"the market now interact to turn this historically benign regulation into the "
+"most significant regulation of culture that our free society has "
+"known.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8230
-msgid "This has been a long chapter. Its point can now be briefly stated."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9047
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>This has been</emphasis> a long chapter. Its point "
+"can now be briefly stated."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8233
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9051

 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "
 msgid ""
 "At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
 "noncommercial culture. In the course of this chapter, I have distinguished "


@@ -10507,39 +12894,39 @@ msgid ""
 "undergone.  In 1790, the law looked like this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 "undergone.  In 1790, the law looked like this:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8246 freeculture.xml:8284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9063 freeculture.xml:9100

 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "PUBLISH"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8247 freeculture.xml:8285 freeculture.xml:8324 freeculture.xml:8357
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9064 freeculture.xml:9101 freeculture.xml:9139 freeculture.xml:9171

 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "TRANSFORM"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8252 freeculture.xml:8290 freeculture.xml:8329 freeculture.xml:8362
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9069 freeculture.xml:9106 freeculture.xml:9144 freeculture.xml:9176

 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Commercial"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8253 freeculture.xml:8291 freeculture.xml:8292 freeculture.xml:8330 freeculture.xml:8331 freeculture.xml:8363 freeculture.xml:8364 freeculture.xml:8368 freeculture.xml:8369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9070 freeculture.xml:9107 freeculture.xml:9108 freeculture.xml:9145 freeculture.xml:9146 freeculture.xml:9177 freeculture.xml:9178 freeculture.xml:9182 freeculture.xml:9183

 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "&copy;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8254 freeculture.xml:8258 freeculture.xml:8259 freeculture.xml:8296 freeculture.xml:8297 freeculture.xml:8336
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9071 freeculture.xml:9075 freeculture.xml:9076 freeculture.xml:9112 freeculture.xml:9113 freeculture.xml:9151

 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Free"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8257 freeculture.xml:8295 freeculture.xml:8334 freeculture.xml:8367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9074 freeculture.xml:9111 freeculture.xml:9149 freeculture.xml:9181

 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 
 msgid "Noncommercial"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 182 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8266
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9083

 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "
 msgid ""
 "The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright "
 "law. Nothing else was. Transformations were free. And as copyright attached "


@@ -10548,13 +12935,13 @@ msgid ""
 "free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8275
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9092

 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9120

 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "
 msgid ""
 "Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law&mdash;if published, "
 "which again, given the economics of publishing at the time, means if offered "


@@ -10562,8 +12949,8 @@ msgid ""
 "essentially free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "essentially free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8310
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9126

 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "
 msgid ""
 "In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
 "change, the scope of the law was tied to technology. As the technology of "


@@ -10572,18 +12959,18 @@ msgid ""
 "look like this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 "look like this:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8323 freeculture.xml:8356
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9138 freeculture.xml:9170

 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "COPY"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
-#: freeculture.xml:8335
-msgid "&copy;/Free"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:9150
+msgid "&copy; / Free"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8343
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9158

 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "
 msgid ""
 "The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
 "machines, but still much of copying outside of the commercial market "


@@ -10593,8 +12980,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 183 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8376
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9190

 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "
 msgid ""
 "Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
 "not. The law now regulates the full range of creativity&mdash; commercial or "


@@ -10602,8 +12989,8 @@ msgid ""
 "commercial publishers."
 msgstr ""
 
 "commercial publishers."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8384
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9198

 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
 "no good. So the question that we should be asking just now is whether "


@@ -10611,68 +12998,80 @@ msgid ""
 "actually does any good."
 msgstr ""
 
 "actually does any good."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8390
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9204

 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
 "regulates just now) noncommercial copying and, especially, noncommercial "
 "transformation. And increasingly, for the reasons sketched especially in "
 msgid ""
 "I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying.  But I "
 "also have no doubt that it does more harm than good when regulating (as it "
 "regulates just now) noncommercial copying and, especially, noncommercial "
 "transformation. And increasingly, for the reasons sketched especially in "

-"chapters 7 and 8, one might well wonder whether it does more harm than good "
-"for commercial transformation.  More commercial transformative work would be "
-"created if derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
+"chapters <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/> and "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"transformers\"/>, one "
+"might well wonder whether it does more harm than good for commercial "
+"transformation.  More commercial transformative work would be created if "
+"derivative rights were more sharply restricted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9222
+msgid "legal realist movement"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f36 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8406
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9222

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
-"to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
-"and private interests. See Thomas C. Grey, \"The Disintegration of "
-"Property,\" in Nomos XXII: Property, J. Roland Pennock and John W.  Chapman, "
-"eds. (New York: New York University Press, 1980)."
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> It was the single most important "
+"contribution of the legal realist movement to demonstrate that all property "
+"rights are always crafted to balance public and private interests. See "
+"Thomas C. Grey, <quote>The Disintegration of Property,</quote> in "
+"<citetitle>Nomos XXII: Property</citetitle>, J. Roland Pennock and John W.  "
+"Chapman, eds. (New York: New York University Press, 1980)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8400
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9216

 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
 msgid ""
 "The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "

-"copyright is a kind of \"property,\" and of course, as with any property, "
-"the state ought to protect it. But first impressions notwithstanding, "
-"historically, this property right (as with all property rights<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)  has been crafted to balance the important "
-"need to give authors and artists incentives with the equally important need "
-"to assure access to creative work. This balance has always been struck in "
-"light of new technologies.  And for almost half of our tradition, the "
-"\"copyright\" did not control at all the freedom of others to build upon or "
-"transform a creative work. American culture was born free, and for almost "
-"180 years our country consistently protected a vibrant and rich free "
-"culture."
+"copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
+"property, the state ought to protect it. But first impressions "
+"notwithstanding, historically, this property right (as with all property "
+"rights<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)  has been crafted to "
+"balance the important need to give authors and artists incentives with the "
+"equally important need to assure access to creative work. This balance has "
+"always been struck in light of new technologies.  And for almost half of our "
+"tradition, the <quote>copyright</quote> did not control <emphasis>at "
+"all</emphasis> the freedom of others to build upon or transform a creative "
+"work. American culture was born free, and for almost 180 years our country "
+"consistently protected a vibrant and rich free culture."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 184 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8423
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9241

 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
 msgid ""
 "We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "

-"the scope of the interests protected by \"property.\" The very birth of "
-"\"copyright\" as a statutory right recognized those limits, by granting "
-"copyright owners protection for a limited time only (the story of chapter "
-"6). The tradition of \"fair use\" is animated by a similar concern that is "
-"increasingly under strain as the costs of exercising any fair use right "
-"become unavoidably high (the story of chapter 7). Adding statutory rights "
-"where markets might stifle innovation is another familiar limit on the "
-"property right that copyright is (chapter 8). And granting archives and "
-"libraries a broad freedom to collect, claims of property notwithstanding, is "
-"a crucial part of guaranteeing the soul of a culture (chapter 9). Free "
-"cultures, like free markets, are built with property. But the nature of the "
-"property that builds a free culture is very different from the extremist "
-"vision that dominates the debate today."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8442
+"the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
+"birth of <quote>copyright</quote> as a statutory right recognized those "
+"limits, by granting copyright owners protection for a limited time only (the "
+"story of chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"founders\"/>). The tradition of <quote>fair use</quote> is "
+"animated by a similar concern that is increasingly under strain as the costs "
+"of exercising any fair use right become unavoidably high (the story of "
+"chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"recorders\"/>). Adding statutory rights where markets might stifle "
+"innovation is another familiar limit on the property right that copyright is "
+"(chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"transformers\"/>). And granting archives and libraries a broad "
+"freedom to collect, claims of property notwithstanding, is a crucial part of "
+"guaranteeing the soul of a culture (chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>). Free cultures, like free markets, "
+"are built with property. But the nature of the property that builds a free "
+"culture is very different from the extremist vision that dominates the "
+"debate today."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9264

 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "
 msgid ""
 "Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
 "to a real, if not yet quantified, threat that the technologies of the "


@@ -10686,183 +13085,196 @@ msgid ""
 "with a lawyer."
 msgstr ""
 
 "with a lawyer."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8459
-msgid "PUZZLES"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:9281
+msgid "Puzzles"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8463
-msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:9285
+msgid "Chapter Eleven: Chimera"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8465
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9286

 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "chimeras"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8468
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9287

 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Wells, H. G."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8471
-msgid "&quot;Country of the Blind, The&quot; (Wells)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9288
+msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8479
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9296

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, The "
-"Country of the Blind and Other Stories, Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: "
-"Oxford University Press, 1996)."
+"H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See "
+"H. G. Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other "
+"Stories</citetitle>, Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University "
+"Press, 1996)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8475
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9291

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In a well-known short story by H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez "
-"trips (literally, down an ice slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in "
-"the Peruvian Andes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The valley is "
-"extraordinarily beautiful, with \"sweet water, pasture, an even climate, "
-"slopes of rich brown soil with tangles of a shrub that bore an excellent "
-"fruit.\" But the villagers are all blind. Nunez takes this as an "
-"opportunity. \"In the Country of the Blind,\" he tells himself, \"the "
-"One-Eyed Man is King.\" So he resolves to live with the villagers to explore "
-"life as a king."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In a well-known</emphasis> short story by "
+"H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez trips (literally, down an ice "
+"slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in the Peruvian "
+"Andes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The valley is "
+"extraordinarily beautiful, with <quote>sweet water, pasture, an even "
+"climate, slopes of rich brown soil with tangles of a shrub that bore an "
+"excellent fruit.</quote> But the villagers are all blind. Nunez takes this "
+"as an opportunity. <quote>In the Country of the Blind,</quote> he tells "
+"himself, <quote>the One-Eyed Man is King.</quote> So he resolves to live "
+"with the villagers to explore life as a king."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8491
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9308

 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
 msgid ""
 "Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "

-"to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are \"blind.\" "
-"They don't have the word blind. They think he's just thick.  Indeed, as they "
+"to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are "
+"<quote>blind.</quote> They don't have the word "
+"<citetitle>blind</citetitle>. They think he's just thick.  Indeed, as they "

 "increasingly notice the things he can't do (hear the sound of grass being "
 "stepped on, for example), they increasingly try to control him. He, in turn, "
 "increasingly notice the things he can't do (hear the sound of grass being "
 "stepped on, for example), they increasingly try to control him. He, in turn, "

-"becomes increasingly frustrated. \"`You don't understand,' he cried, in a "
-"voice that was meant to be great and resolute, and which broke. `You are "
-"blind and I can see. Leave me alone!'\""
+"becomes increasingly frustrated. <quote>`You don't understand,' he cried, in "
+"a voice that was meant to be great and resolute, and which broke. `You are "
+"blind and I can see. Leave me alone!'</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 187 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8503
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9320

 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
 msgid ""
 "The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
 "virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "

-"a young woman who to him seems \"the most beautiful thing in the whole of "
-"creation,\" understands the beauty of sight. Nunez's description of what he "
-"sees \"seemed to her the most poetical of fancies, and she listened to his "
-"description of the stars and the mountains and her own sweet white-lit "
-"beauty as though it was a guilty indulgence.\" \"She did not believe,\" "
-"Wells tells us, and \"she could only half understand, but she was "
-"mysteriously delighted.\""
+"a young woman who to him seems <quote>the most beautiful thing in the whole "
+"of creation,</quote> understands the beauty of sight. Nunez's description of "
+"what he sees <quote>seemed to her the most poetical of fancies, and she "
+"listened to his description of the stars and the mountains and her own sweet "
+"white-lit beauty as though it was a guilty indulgence.</quote> <quote>She "
+"did not believe,</quote> Wells tells us, and <quote>she could only half "
+"understand, but she was mysteriously delighted.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8514
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9331

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his \"mysteriously delighted\" "
-"love, the father and the village object. \"You see, my dear,\" her father "
-"instructs, \"he's an idiot. He has delusions. He can't do anything right.\" "
-"They take Nunez to the village doctor."
+"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously "
+"delighted</quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, "
+"my dear,</quote> her father instructs, <quote>he's an idiot. He has "
+"delusions. He can't do anything right.</quote> They take Nunez to the "
+"village doctor."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9337

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. \"His brain is "
-"affected,\" he reports."
+"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
+"is affected,</quote> he reports."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8524
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9341

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"What affects it?\" the father asks.  \"Those queer things that are called "
-"the eyes . . . are diseased . . . in such a way as to affect his brain.\""
+"<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks.  <quote>Those queer things "
+"that are called the eyes &hellip; are diseased &hellip; in such a way as to "
+"affect his brain.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9346

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The doctor continues: \"I think I may say with reasonable certainty that in "
-"order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and easy "
-"surgical operation&mdash;namely, to remove these irritant bodies [the "
-"eyes].\""
+"The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
+"that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
+"easy surgical operation&mdash;namely, to remove these irritant bodies [the "
+"eyes].</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9352
+msgid ""
+"<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
+"inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  "
+"(You'll have to read the original to learn what happens in the end. I "
+"believe in free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 188 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8535
-msgid ""
-"\"Thank Heaven for science!\" says the father to the doctor. They inform "
-"Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride.  (You'll "
-"have to read the original to learn what happens in the end. I believe in "
-"free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.)  It sometimes "
-"happens that the eggs of twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion "
-"produces a \"chimera.\" A chimera is a single creature with two sets of "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9358
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>It sometimes</emphasis> happens that the eggs of "
+"twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion produces a "
+"<quote>chimera.</quote> A chimera is a single creature with two sets of "

 "DNA. The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different from the DNA of "
 "DNA. The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different from the DNA of "

-"the skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder mysteries. \"But "
-"the DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was not the person whose "
-"blood was at the scene. . . .\""
+"the skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder "
+"mysteries. <quote>But the DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was "
+"not the person whose blood was at the scene. &hellip;</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8552
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9372

 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
 "the code of an individual. Yet in fact, not only can two individuals have "
 "the same set of DNA (identical twins), but one person can have two different "
 msgid ""
 "Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible.  A "
 "single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
 "the code of an individual. Yet in fact, not only can two individuals have "
 "the same set of DNA (identical twins), but one person can have two different "

-"sets of DNA (a chimera). Our understanding of a \"person\" should reflect "
-"this reality."
+"sets of DNA (a chimera). Our understanding of a <quote>person</quote> should "
+"reflect this reality."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8560
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9380

 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
 msgid ""
 "The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
 "culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "

-"enough, \"the copyright wars,\" the more I think we're dealing with a "
-"chimera. For example, in the battle over the question \"What is p2p file "
-"sharing?\" both sides have it right, and both sides have it wrong.  One side "
-"says, \"File sharing is just like two kids taping each others' "
-"records&mdash;the sort of thing we've been doing for the last thirty years "
-"without any question at all.\" That's true, at least in part. When I tell my "
-"best friend to try out a new CD that I've bought, but rather than just send "
-"the CD, I point him to my p2p server, that is, in all relevant respects, "
-"just like what every executive in every recording company no doubt did as a "
-"kid: sharing music."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8574
-msgid ""
-"But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
-"p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
-"friends can get access, but it stretches the meaning of \"friends\" beyond "
-"recognition to say \"my ten thousand best friends\" can get access. Whether "
-"or not sharing my music with my best friend is what \"we have always been "
-"allowed to do,\" we have not always been allowed to share music with \"our "
-"ten thousand best friends.\""
+"enough, <quote>the copyright wars,</quote> the more I think we're dealing "
+"with a chimera. For example, in the battle over the question <quote>What is "
+"p2p file sharing?</quote> both sides have it right, and both sides have it "
+"wrong.  One side says, <quote>File sharing is just like two kids taping each "
+"others' records&mdash;the sort of thing we've been doing for the last thirty "
+"years without any question at all.</quote> That's true, at least in "
+"part. When I tell my best friend to try out a new CD that I've bought, but "
+"rather than just send the CD, I point him to my p2p server, that is, in all "
+"relevant respects, just like what every executive in every recording company "
+"no doubt did as a kid: sharing music."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8583
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9394

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Likewise, when the other side says, \"File sharing is just like walking into "
-"a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with it,\" "
-"that's true, at least in part. If, after Lyle Lovett (finally) releases a "
-"new album, rather than buying it, I go to Kazaa and find a free copy to "
-"take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower."
+"But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
+"p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
+"friends can get access, but it stretches the meaning of "
+"<quote>friends</quote> beyond recognition to say <quote>my ten thousand best "
+"friends</quote> can get access. Whether or not sharing my music with my best "
+"friend is what <quote>we have always been allowed to do,</quote> we have not "
+"always been allowed to share music with <quote>our ten thousand best "
+"friends.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9403
+msgid ""
+"Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
+"into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with "
+"it,</quote> that's true, at least in part. If, after Lyle Lovett (finally) "
+"releases a new album, rather than buying it, I go to Kazaa and find a free "
+"copy to take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower.  "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 189 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8593
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9414

 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "
 msgid ""
 "But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
 "Tower Records, Tower has one less CD to sell. And when I take a CD from "


@@ -10873,8 +13285,8 @@ msgid ""
 "I download a ten-song CD, I'm liable for $1,500,000 in damages.)"
 msgstr ""
 
 "I download a ten-song CD, I'm liable for $1,500,000 in damages.)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8603
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9424

 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
 "is both&mdash;both as the RIAA describes it and as Kazaa describes it. It is "


@@ -10883,41 +13295,59 @@ msgid ""
 "rules should govern it?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "rules should govern it?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f2. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8618
-msgid ""
-"For an excellent summary, see the report prepared by GartnerG2 and the "
-"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, \"Copyright "
-"and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" 27 June 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #33</ulink>. Reps. John "
-"Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) have introduced a bill "
-"that would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a felony offense with "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9440 freeculture.xml:9727 freeculture.xml:10822
+msgid "ISPs (Internet service providers), user identities revealed by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9471
+msgid "Conyers, John, Jr."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9472 freeculture.xml:10219
+msgid "Berman, Howard L."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9440
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> For an excellent summary, see the "
+"report prepared by GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society "
+"at Harvard Law School, <quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster "
+"World,</quote> 27 June 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #33</ulink>. Reps. John Conyers "
+"Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) have introduced a bill that "
+"would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a felony offense with "

 "punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; see Jon Healey, "
 "punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; see Jon Healey, "

-"\"House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,\" Los Angeles Times, 17 July 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#34</ulink>. Civil penalties are currently set at $150,000 per copied "
-"song. For a recent (and unsuccessful)  legal challenge to the RIAA's demand "
-"that an ISP reveal the identity of a user accused of sharing more than 600 "
-"songs through a family computer, see RIAA v. Verizon Internet Services (In "
-"re. Verizon Internet Services), 240 F.  Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). Such a "
-"user could face liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such astronomical "
-"figures furnish the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its prosecution of file "
-"sharers. Settlements ranging from $12,000 to $17,500 for four students "
-"accused of heavy file sharing on university networks must have seemed a mere "
-"pittance next to the $98 billion the RIAA could seek should the matter "
-"proceed to court. See Elizabeth Young, \"Downloading Could Lead to Fines,\" "
-"redandblack.com, August 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #35</ulink>. For an example of "
-"the RIAA's targeting of student file sharing, and of the subpoenas issued to "
-"universities to reveal student file-sharer identities, see James Collins, "
-"\"RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT to Name Students,\" Boston Globe, 8 "
-"August 2003, D3, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8610
+"<quote>House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,</quote> <citetitle>Los "
+"Angeles Times</citetitle>, 17 July 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #34</ulink>. Civil penalties are "
+"currently set at $150,000 per copied song. For a recent (and unsuccessful) "
+"legal challenge to the RIAA's demand that an ISP reveal the identity of a "
+"user accused of sharing more than 600 songs through a family computer, see "
+"<citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Verizon Internet Services (In "
+"re. Verizon Internet Services)</citetitle>, 240 F.  Supp. 2d 24 "
+"(D.D.C. 2003). Such a user could face liability ranging as high as $90 "
+"million. Such astronomical figures furnish the RIAA with a powerful arsenal "
+"in its prosecution of file sharers. Settlements ranging from $12,000 to "
+"$17,500 for four students accused of heavy file sharing on university "
+"networks must have seemed a mere pittance next to the $98 billion the RIAA "
+"could seek should the matter proceed to court. See Elizabeth Young, "
+"<quote>Downloading Could Lead to Fines,</quote> redandblack.com, August "
+"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#35</ulink>. For an example of the RIAA's targeting of student file sharing, "
+"and of the subpoenas issued to universities to reveal student file-sharer "
+"identities, see James Collins, <quote>RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT to "
+"Name Students,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, "
+"D3, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#36</ulink>.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9431

 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
 msgid ""
 "We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
 "with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "


@@ -10929,8 +13359,8 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8655
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9478

 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
 "though we've responded. We could totally legalize it. Let there be no "


@@ -10939,21 +13369,22 @@ msgid ""
 "at all, by social norms but not by law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "at all, by social norms but not by law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8662
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9485

 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
 "recognizes the truth in both. And while I end this book with a sketch of a "
 "system that does just that, my aim in the next chapter is to show just how "
 "awful it would be for us to adopt the zero-tolerance extreme. I believe "
 msgid ""
 "Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake.  Rather than "
 "embrace one of these two extremes, we should embrace something that "
 "recognizes the truth in both. And while I end this book with a sketch of a "
 "system that does just that, my aim in the next chapter is to show just how "
 "awful it would be for us to adopt the zero-tolerance extreme. I believe "

-"either extreme would be worse than a reasonable alternative.  But I believe "
-"the zero-tolerance solution would be the worse of the two extremes."
+"<emphasis>either</emphasis> extreme would be worse than a reasonable "
+"alternative.  But I believe the zero-tolerance solution would be the worse "
+"of the two extremes."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 190 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8674
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9497

 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "
 msgid ""
 "Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
 "the chaos that the Internet has created, an extraordinary land grab is "


@@ -10963,29 +13394,29 @@ msgid ""
 "will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 
 "will be lost."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9505

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to \"steal\" music. My "
-"focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this war will "
-"also kill. We have never seen the power to innovate spread so broadly among "
-"our citizens, and we have just begun to see the innovation that this power "
-"will unleash. Yet the Internet has already seen the passing of one cycle of "
-"innovation around technologies to distribute content. The law is responsible "
-"for this passing. As the vice president for global public policy at one of "
-"these new innovators, eMusic.com, put it when criticizing the DMCA's added "
-"protection for copyrighted material,"
+"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
+"music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
+"war will also kill. We have never seen the power to innovate spread so "
+"broadly among our citizens, and we have just begun to see the innovation "
+"that this power will unleash. Yet the Internet has already seen the passing "
+"of one cycle of innovation around technologies to distribute content. The "
+"law is responsible for this passing. As the vice president for global public "
+"policy at one of these new innovators, eMusic.com, put it when criticizing "
+"the DMCA's added protection for copyrighted material,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8695
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9518

 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
 "and we want to protect those rights."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8699
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9522

 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "
 msgid ""
 "But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
 "labels is by no means the only way to protect copyright interests, nor is it "


@@ -10995,8 +13426,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8716
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9539

 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "
 msgid ""
 "WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
 "Entertainment on the Internet and Other Media: Hearing Before the "


@@ -11006,8 +13437,8 @@ msgid ""
 "in LEXIS, Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony File."
 msgstr ""
 
 "in LEXIS, Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony File."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8707
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9529

 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
 msgid ""
 "This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
 "respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "


@@ -11019,66 +13450,73 @@ msgid ""
 "everyone's interests.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "everyone's interests.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8731
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9553 freeculture.xml:9927
+msgid "Vivendi Universal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9550

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of \"the "
-"major labels.\" Its position on these matters has now changed."
+"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
+"<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
+"changed.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8736
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9556

 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
 "opportunities that could be extraordinarily valuable."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
 "will sacrifice values that are important to this culture, and will kill "
 "opportunities that could be extraordinarily valuable."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8744
-msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:9564
+msgid "Chapter Twelve: Harms"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8747
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9566

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"To fight \"piracy,\" to protect \"property,\" the content industry has "
-"launched a war. Lobbying and lots of campaign contributions have now brought "
-"the government into this war. As with any war, this one will have both "
-"direct and collateral damage. As with any war of prohibition, these damages "
-"will be suffered most by our own people."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>To fight</emphasis> <quote>piracy,</quote> to "
+"protect <quote>property,</quote> the content industry has launched a "
+"war. Lobbying and lots of campaign contributions have now brought the "
+"government into this war. As with any war, this one will have both direct "
+"and collateral damage. As with any war of prohibition, these damages will be "
+"suffered most by our own people."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9574

 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
 msgid ""
 "My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "

-"particular, the consequences for \"free culture.\" But my aim now is to "
-"extend this description of consequences into an argument. Is this war "
+"particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
+"is to extend this description of consequences into an argument. Is this war "

 "justified?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "justified?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8762
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9580

 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
 msgid ""
 "In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
 "time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "

-"the property called \"intellectual property\" is at its greatest in our "
-"history."
+"the property called <quote>intellectual property</quote> is at its greatest "
+"in our history."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8770
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9588

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Yet \"common sense\" does not see it this way. Common sense is still on the "
-"side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme claims of control "
-"in the name of property still resonate; the uncritical rejection of "
-"\"piracy\" still has play."
+"Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
+"still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
+"claims of control in the name of property still resonate; the uncritical "
+"rejection of <quote>piracy</quote> still has play."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 193 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8777
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9596

 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "
 msgid ""
 "There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
 "just three. All three might be said to be unintended. I am quite confident "


@@ -11087,13 +13525,13 @@ msgid ""
 "today's monopolists of culture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "today's monopolists of culture."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:9603

 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Constraining Creators"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8786
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9605

 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "
 msgid ""
 "In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies.  "
 "These technologies will enable almost anyone to capture and share "


@@ -11109,23 +13547,23 @@ msgid ""
 "in a collage and make it available on the Net."
 msgstr ""
 
 "in a collage and make it available on the Net."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8801
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9620

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This digital \"capturing and sharing\" is in part an extension of the "
-"capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and in "
-"part it is something new. It is continuous with the Kodak, but it explodes "
-"the boundaries of Kodak-like technologies. The technology of digital "
-"\"capturing and sharing\" promises a world of extraordinarily diverse "
-"creativity that can be easily and broadly shared. And as that creativity is "
-"applied to democracy, it will enable a broad range of citizens to use "
-"technology to express and criticize and contribute to the culture all "
-"around."
+"This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
+"the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
+"in part it is something new. It is continuous with the Kodak, but it "
+"explodes the boundaries of Kodak-like technologies. The technology of "
+"digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> promises a world of "
+"extraordinarily diverse creativity that can be easily and broadly "
+"shared. And as that creativity is applied to democracy, it will enable a "
+"broad range of citizens to use technology to express and criticize and "
+"contribute to the culture all around."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 194 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8812
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9631

 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
 msgid ""
 "Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
 "that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "


@@ -11134,8 +13572,8 @@ msgid ""
 "across the globe."
 msgstr ""
 
 "across the globe."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8822
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9641

 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "
 msgid ""
 "Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
 "current regime of legal regulation, it is not. Forget file sharing for a "


@@ -11148,102 +13586,120 @@ msgid ""
 "presumptively illegal."
 msgstr ""
 
 "presumptively illegal."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9651 freeculture.xml:9675
+msgid "WorldCom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9654
+msgid "doctors malpractice claims against"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9670

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Lynne W. Jeter, Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at WorldCom (Hoboken, "
-"N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; for details of the settlement, "
-"see MCI press release, \"MCI Wins U.S. District Court Approval for SEC "
-"Settlement\" (7 July 2003), available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>."
+"See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
+"WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
+"for details of the settlement, see MCI press release, <quote>MCI Wins "
+"U.S. District Court Approval for SEC Settlement</quote> (7 July 2003), "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>.  "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8865
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9691

 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Bush, George W."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8856
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9682

 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
 msgid ""
 "The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
 "House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "

-"overview, see Tanya Albert, \"Measure Stalls in Senate: `We'll Be Back,' Say "
-"Tort Reformers,\" amednews.com, 28 July 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #38</ulink>, and \"Senate Turns "
-"Back Malpractice Caps,\" CBSNews.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #39</ulink>. President Bush has "
-"continued to urge tort reform in recent months.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"overview, see Tanya Albert, <quote>Measure Stalls in Senate: `We'll Be "
+"Back,' Say Tort Reformers,</quote> amednews.com, 28 July 2003, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #38</ulink>, and "
+"<quote>Senate Turns Back Malpractice Caps,</quote> CBSNews.com, 9 July 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#39</ulink>. President Bush has continued to urge tort reform in recent "
+"months.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8833
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9657

 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
 "impossible to get a clear sense of what's allowed and what's not, and at the "
 "same time, the penalties for crossing the line are astonishingly harsh.  The "
 msgid ""
 "That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
 "extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
 "impossible to get a clear sense of what's allowed and what's not, and at the "
 "same time, the penalties for crossing the line are astonishingly harsh.  The "

-"four students who were threatened by the RIAA ( Jesse Jordan of chapter 3 "
-"was just one) were threatened with a $98 billion lawsuit for building search "
-"engines that permitted songs to be copied. Yet World-Com&mdash;which "
-"defrauded investors of $11 billion, resulting in a loss to investors in "
-"market capitalization of over $200 billion&mdash;received a fine of a mere "
-"$750 million.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And under legislation "
-"being pushed in Congress right now, a doctor who negligently removes the "
-"wrong leg in an operation would be liable for no more than $250,000 in "
-"damages for pain and suffering.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Can "
-"common sense recognize the absurdity in a world where the maximum fine for "
-"downloading two songs off the Internet is more than the fine for a doctor's "
-"negligently butchering a patient?"
+"four students who were threatened by the RIAA (Jesse Jordan of chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"catalogs\"/> was just one) were "
+"threatened with a $98 billion lawsuit for building search engines that "
+"permitted songs to be copied. Yet World-Com&mdash;which defrauded investors "
+"of $11 billion, resulting in a loss to investors in market capitalization of "
+"over $200 billion&mdash;received a fine of a mere $750 million.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And under legislation being pushed in Congress "
+"right now, a doctor who negligently removes the wrong leg in an operation "
+"would be liable for no more than $250,000 in damages for pain and "
+"suffering.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Can common sense "
+"recognize the absurdity in a world where the maximum fine for downloading "
+"two songs off the Internet is more than the fine for a doctor's negligently "
+"butchering a patient?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9697
+msgid "art, underground"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8892
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9718

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" Wired, 7 July 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
+"See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of "
+"the exhibition, see <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#41</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8872
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9699

 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
 "be exercised, or never be exercised in the open. We drive this creative "
 msgid ""
 "The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
 "penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
 "be exercised, or never be exercised in the open. We drive this creative "

-"process underground by branding the modern-day Walt Disneys \"pirates.\" We "
-"make it impossible for businesses to rely upon a public domain, because the "
-"boundaries of the public domain are designed to be unclear. It never pays to "
-"do anything except pay for the right to create, and hence only those who can "
-"pay are allowed to create. As was the case in the Soviet Union, though for "
-"very different reasons, we will begin to see a world of underground "
-"art&mdash;not because the message is necessarily political, or because the "
-"subject is controversial, but because the very act of creating the art is "
-"legally fraught. Already, exhibits of \"illegal art\" tour the United "
-"States.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In what does their "
-"\"illegality\" consist? In the act of mixing the culture around us with an "
-"expression that is critical or reflective."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8903
+"process underground by branding the modern-day Walt Disneys "
+"<quote>pirates.</quote> We make it impossible for businesses to rely upon a "
+"public domain, because the boundaries of the public domain are designed to "
+"be unclear. It never pays to do anything except pay for the right to create, "
+"and hence only those who can pay are allowed to create. As was the case in "
+"the Soviet Union, though for very different reasons, we will begin to see a "
+"world of underground art&mdash;not because the message is necessarily "
+"political, or because the subject is controversial, but because the very act "
+"of creating the art is legally fraught. Already, exhibits of <quote>illegal "
+"art</quote> tour the United States.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"In what does their <quote>illegality</quote> consist? In the act of mixing "
+"the culture around us with an expression that is critical or reflective."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9729

 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
 msgid ""
 "Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "

-"law. I described that change in detail in chapter 10. But an even bigger "
-"part has to do with the increasing ease with which infractions can be "
-"tracked. As users of file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a "
-"trivial matter for copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service "
-"providers to reveal who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape "
-"player transmitted a list of the songs that you played in the privacy of "
-"your own home that anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."
+"law. I described that change in detail in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>. But an even bigger part has to do "
+"with the increasing ease with which infractions can be tracked. As users of "
+"file-sharing systems discovered in 2002, it is a trivial matter for "
+"copyright owners to get courts to order Internet service providers to reveal "
+"who has what content. It is as if your cassette tape player transmitted a "
+"list of the songs that you played in the privacy of your own home that "
+"anyone could tune into for whatever reason they chose."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9742

 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "
 msgid ""
 "Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
 "infringed on someone else's work; but the modern-day painter, using the "


@@ -11256,18 +13712,19 @@ msgid ""
 "them is not similarly free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "them is not similarly free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8925
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9753

 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
 msgid ""
 "Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "

-"in chapter 7, in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, "
-"I have been lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was "
-"fair use, and hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."
+"in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"recorders\"/>, "
+"in response to the story about documentary filmmaker Jon Else, I have been "
+"lectured again and again by lawyers who insist Else's use was fair use, and "
+"hence I am wrong to say that the law regulates such a use."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 196 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8934
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9764

 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "
 msgid ""
 "But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
 "your right to create. And as lawyers love to forget, our system for "


@@ -11279,58 +13736,68 @@ msgid ""
 "on the rule of law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "on the rule of law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9774

 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
 msgid ""
 "Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "

-"\"breathing room\" between regulation by the law and the access the law "
-"should allow. But it is a measure of how out of touch our legal system has "
-"become that anyone actually believes this. The rules that publishers impose "
-"upon writers, the rules that film distributors impose upon filmmakers, the "
-"rules that newspapers impose upon journalists&mdash; these are the real laws "
-"governing creativity. And these rules have little relationship to the "
-"\"law\" with which judges comfort themselves."
+"<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
+"the law should allow. But it is a measure of how out of touch our legal "
+"system has become that anyone actually believes this. The rules that "
+"publishers impose upon writers, the rules that film distributors impose upon "
+"filmmakers, the rules that newspapers impose upon journalists&mdash; these "
+"are the real laws governing creativity. And these rules have little "
+"relationship to the <quote>law</quote> with which judges comfort themselves."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8955
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9785

 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
 "against a copyright infringement claim, and which would never return to the "
 "wrongfully accused defendant anything of the costs she suffered to defend "
 "her right to speak&mdash;in that world, the astonishingly broad regulations "
 msgid ""
 "For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
 "a copyright, and which demands tens of thousands of dollars to even defend "
 "against a copyright infringement claim, and which would never return to the "
 "wrongfully accused defendant anything of the costs she suffered to defend "
 "her right to speak&mdash;in that world, the astonishingly broad regulations "

-"that pass under the name \"copyright\" silence speech and creativity. And in "
-"that world, it takes a studied blindness for people to continue to believe "
-"they live in a culture that is free."
+"that pass under the name <quote>copyright</quote> silence speech and "
+"creativity. And in that world, it takes a studied blindness for people to "
+"continue to believe they live in a culture that is free."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8966
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9796

 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 
 msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 197 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8970
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9800

 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
 "expressed. And while a lot of stuff may [still] be created, it still won't "
 msgid ""
 "We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
 "being forced not to express themselves. Thoughts are not being "
 "expressed. And while a lot of stuff may [still] be created, it still won't "

-"get distributed. Even if the stuff gets made . . . you're not going to get "
-"it distributed in the mainstream media unless you've got a little note from "
-"a lawyer saying, \"This has been cleared.\" You're not even going to get it "
-"on PBS without that kind of permission. That's the point at which they "
-"control it."
+"get distributed. Even if the stuff gets made &hellip; you're not going to "
+"get it distributed in the mainstream media unless you've got a little note "
+"from a lawyer saying, <quote>This has been cleared.</quote> You're not even "
+"going to get it on PBS without that kind of permission. That's the point at "
+"which they control it."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8983
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:9813

 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Constraining Innovators"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8985
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9814
+msgid "innovation hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9815
+msgid "industry establishment opposed to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9818

 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "
 msgid ""
 "The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story&mdash;creativity "
 "quashed, artists who can't speak, yada yada yada. Maybe that doesn't get you "


@@ -11340,20 +13807,21 @@ msgid ""
 "you."
 msgstr ""
 
 "you."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8993
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9827

 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
 msgid ""
 "But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense.  Indeed, "
 "it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "

-"ideologue. And if you're one of these sorts (and a special one at that, 188 "
-"pages into a book like this), then you can see this other aspect by "
-"substituting \"free market\" every place I've spoken of \"free culture.\" "
-"The point is the same, even if the interests affecting culture are more "
-"fundamental."
+"ideologue. And if you're one of these sorts (and a special one at that, "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: pagenumber\" linkend=\"innovators\"/> pages into a "
+"book like this), then you can see this other aspect by substituting "
+"<quote>free market</quote> every place I've spoken of <quote>free "
+"culture.</quote> The point is the same, even if the interests affecting "
+"culture are more fundamental."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9002
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9838

 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "
 msgid ""
 "The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
 "charge free marketers make about regulating markets. Everyone, of course, "


@@ -11367,36 +13835,57 @@ msgid ""
 "themselves against the competitors of tomorrow."
 msgstr ""
 
 "themselves against the competitors of tomorrow."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9014 freeculture.xml:9115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9851 freeculture.xml:9972 freeculture.xml:9978

 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Barry, Hank"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9852 freeculture.xml:9984
+msgid "venture capitalists"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 198 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9854

 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
 msgid ""
 "This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "

-"that I described in chapter 10. The consequence of this massive threat of "
+"that I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"property-i\"/>. The consequence of this massive threat of "

 "liability tied to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators "
 "who want to innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the "
 "sign-off from last generation's dominant industries.  That lesson has been "
 "taught through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach "
 "venture capitalists a lesson. That lesson&mdash;what former Napster CEO Hank "
 "liability tied to the murky boundaries of copyright law is that innovators "
 "who want to innovate in this space can safely innovate only if they have the "
 "sign-off from last generation's dominant industries.  That lesson has been "
 "taught through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach "
 "venture capitalists a lesson. That lesson&mdash;what former Napster CEO Hank "

-"Barry calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley&mdash;has "
-"been learned."
+"Barry calls a <quote>nuclear pall</quote> that has fallen over the "
+"Valley&mdash;has been learned."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9028
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9869

 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
 msgid ""
 "Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "

-"The Future of Ideas and which has progressed in a way that even I (pessimist "
-"extraordinaire) would never have predicted."
+"<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
+"that even I (pessimist extraordinaire) would never have predicted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9873
+msgid "MP3.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9874
+msgid "my.mp3.com"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9033
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9875
+msgid "Roberts, Michael"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9877

 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com.  MP3.com was "
 "keen to remake the music business. Their goal was not just to facilitate new "


@@ -11406,8 +13895,13 @@ msgid ""
 "the creators."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the creators."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9885
+msgid "preference data on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9887

 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
 msgid ""
 "To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
 "recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "


@@ -11416,8 +13910,8 @@ msgid ""
 "so on."
 msgstr ""
 
 "so on."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9048
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9894

 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
 msgid ""
 "This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences.  "
 "MP3.com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "


@@ -11431,8 +13925,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 199 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9060
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9906

 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "
 msgid ""
 "No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
 "opportunity existed with or without MP3.com. The aim of the my.mp3.com "


@@ -11441,8 +13935,8 @@ msgid ""
 "the users liked."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the users liked."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9069
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9916

 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "
 msgid ""
 "To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
 "a server. (In principle, it could have been the user who uploaded the music, "


@@ -11455,8 +13949,18 @@ msgid ""
 "something they had already bought."
 msgstr ""
 
 "something they had already bought."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9081
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9928 freeculture.xml:9973
+msgid "distribution technology targeted in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9933
+msgid "outsize penalties of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9935

 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "
 msgid ""
 "Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
 "by the RIAA, brought a lawsuit against MP3.com. MP3.com settled with four of "


@@ -11467,13 +13971,13 @@ msgid ""
 "$54 million. Vivendi purchased MP3.com just about a year later."
 msgstr ""
 
 "$54 million. Vivendi purchased MP3.com just about a year later."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9091
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9945

 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9094
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9948

 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "
 msgid ""
 "After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
 "malpractice lawsuit against the lawyers who had advised it that they had a "


@@ -11485,8 +13989,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 200 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9104
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9959

 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
 msgid ""
 "The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
 "amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "


@@ -11497,30 +14001,62 @@ msgid ""
 "cost you and your firm dearly."
 msgstr ""
 
 "cost you and your firm dearly."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9114
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9974
+msgid "BMW"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9975
+msgid "cars, MP3 sound systems in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9977

 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Hummer, John"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9979
+msgid "Hummer Winblad"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9980
+msgid "MP3 players"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9981
+msgid "venture capital for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:9982 freeculture.xml:10028
+msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f4. 
 #.  f4. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9122
-msgid ""
-"See Joseph Menn, \"Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,\" Los Angeles Times, "
-"23 April 2003. For a parallel argument about the effects on innovation in "
-"the distribution of music, see Janelle Brown, \"The Music Revolution Will "
-"Not Be Digitized,\" Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available at <ulink "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9992
+msgid ""
+"See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
+"argument about the effects on innovation in the distribution of music, see "
+"Janelle Brown, <quote>The Music Revolution Will Not Be Digitized,</quote> "
+"Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #42</ulink>.  See also Jon "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #42</ulink>.  See also Jon "

-"Healey, \"Online Music Services Besieged,\" Los Angeles Times, 28 May 2001."
+"Healey, <quote>Online Music Services Besieged,</quote> <citetitle>Los "
+"Angeles Times</citetitle>, 28 May 2001."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:9986

 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
 "(VC) that had funded Napster at a certain stage of its development, its "
 msgid ""
 "This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
 "and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
 "(VC) that had funded Napster at a certain stage of its development, its "

-"cofounder ( John Hummer), and general partner (Hank Barry).<placeholder "
+"cofounder (John Hummer), and general partner (Hank Barry).<placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The claim here, as well, was that the VC should "
 "have recognized the right of the content industry to control how the "
 "industry should develop. They should be held personally liable for funding a "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The claim here, as well, was that the VC should "
 "have recognized the right of the content industry to control how the "
 "industry should develop. They should be held personally liable for funding a "


@@ -11530,62 +14066,53 @@ msgid ""
 "not just in the marketplace, but in the courtroom as well.  Your investment "
 "buys you not only a company, it also buys you a lawsuit.  So extreme has the "
 "environment become that even car manufacturers are afraid of technologies "
 "not just in the marketplace, but in the courtroom as well.  Your investment "
 "buys you not only a company, it also buys you a lawsuit.  So extreme has the "
 "environment become that even car manufacturers are afraid of technologies "

-"that touch content. In an article in Business 2.0, Rafe Needleman describes "
-"a discussion with BMW:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9146
-msgid "BMW"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9161
-msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
+"that touch content. In an article in <citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, "
+"Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10024

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16 June 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example.  "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to "
+"Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9148
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10015

 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
 "had rigged a new vehicle to play MP3s via the car's built-in sound system, "
 "but that the company's marketing and legal departments weren't comfortable "
 "with pushing this forward for release stateside. Even today, no new cars are "
 msgid ""
 "I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
 "there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
 "had rigged a new vehicle to play MP3s via the car's built-in sound system, "
 "but that the company's marketing and legal departments weren't comfortable "
 "with pushing this forward for release stateside. Even today, no new cars are "

-"sold in the United States with bona fide MP3 players. . . . <placeholder "
+"sold in the United States with bona fide MP3 players. &hellip; <placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9166
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10036

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with \"your money or your life\" "
-"offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats that the law "
-"empowers copyright holders to exercise. It is a system that will obviously "
-"and necessarily stifle new innovation. It is hard enough to start a "
-"company. It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly threatened by "
-"litigation."
+"This is the world of the mafia&mdash;filled with <quote>your money or your "
+"life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
+"that the law empowers copyright holders to exercise. It is a system that "
+"will obviously and necessarily stifle new innovation. It is hard enough to "
+"start a company. It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly "
+"threatened by litigation."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 201 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9176
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10046

 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
 msgid ""
 "The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "

-"enterprises. The point is the definition of \"illegal.\" The law is a mess "
-"of uncertainty. We have no good way to know how it should apply to new "
-"technologies. Yet by reversing our tradition of judicial deference, and by "
-"embracing the astonishingly high penalties that copyright law imposes, that "
-"uncertainty now yields a reality which is far more conservative than is "
+"enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
+"is a mess of uncertainty. We have no good way to know how it should apply to "
+"new technologies. Yet by reversing our tradition of judicial deference, and "
+"by embracing the astonishingly high penalties that copyright law imposes, "
+"that uncertainty now yields a reality which is far more conservative than is "

 "right. If the law imposed the death penalty for parking tickets, we'd not "
 "only have fewer parking tickets, we'd also have much less driving. The same "
 "principle applies to innovation. If innovation is constantly checked by this "
 "right. If the law imposed the death penalty for parking tickets, we'd not "
 "only have fewer parking tickets, we'd also have much less driving. The same "
 "principle applies to innovation. If innovation is constantly checked by this "


@@ -11593,23 +14120,23 @@ msgid ""
 "and much less creativity."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and much less creativity."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9191
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10061

 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "
 msgid ""
 "The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair "

-"use. Whatever the \"real\" law is, realism about the effect of law in both "
-"contexts is the same. This wildly punitive system of regulation will "
-"systematically stifle creativity and innovation. It will protect some "
+"use. Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of "
+"law in both contexts is the same. This wildly punitive system of regulation "
+"will systematically stifle creativity and innovation. It will protect some "

 "industries and some creators, but it will harm industry and creativity "
 "generally. Free market and free culture depend upon vibrant competition.  "
 "Yet the effect of the law today is to stifle just this kind of competition.  "
 "The effect is to produce an overregulated culture, just as the effect of too "
 "industries and some creators, but it will harm industry and creativity "
 "generally. Free market and free culture depend upon vibrant competition.  "
 "Yet the effect of the law today is to stifle just this kind of competition.  "
 "The effect is to produce an overregulated culture, just as the effect of too "

-"much control in the market is to produce an overregulatedregulated market."
+"much control in the market is to produce an overregulated-regulated market."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 202 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9208
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10073

 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "
 msgid ""
 "The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
 "first important way in which the changes I have described will burden "


@@ -11624,62 +14151,68 @@ msgid ""
 "least do everything it can to limit the reach of the law where the law is "
 "not doing any good. The transaction costs buried within a permission culture "
 "are enough to bury a wide range of creativity.  Someone needs to do a lot of "
 "least do everything it can to limit the reach of the law where the law is "
 "not doing any good. The transaction costs buried within a permission culture "
 "are enough to bury a wide range of creativity.  Someone needs to do a lot of "

-"justifying to justify that result.  The uncertainty of the law is one burden "
+"justifying to justify that result."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10092
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The uncertainty</emphasis> of the law is one burden "

 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
 "the effort by many in the content industry to use the law to directly "
 "regulate the technology of the Internet so that it better protects their "
 "content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "on innovation. There is a second burden that operates more directly. This is "
 "the effort by many in the content industry to use the law to directly "
 "regulate the technology of the Internet so that it better protects their "
 "content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9233
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10099

 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
 "design. But from the perspective of the content industry, this feature is a "
 msgid ""
 "The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
 "efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
 "design. But from the perspective of the content industry, this feature is a "

-"\"bug.\" The efficient spread of content means that content distributors "
-"have a harder time controlling the distribution of content.  One obvious "
-"response to this efficiency is thus to make the Internet less efficient. If "
-"the Internet enables \"piracy,\" then, this response says, we should break "
-"the kneecaps of the Internet."
+"<quote>bug.</quote> The efficient spread of content means that content "
+"distributors have a harder time controlling the distribution of content.  "
+"One obvious response to this efficiency is thus to make the Internet less "
+"efficient. If the Internet enables <quote>piracy,</quote> then, this "
+"response says, we should break the kneecaps of the Internet."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9249
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10114

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" GartnerG2 and the "
-"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School (2003), "
-"33&ndash;35, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#44</ulink>."
+"<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
+"GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
+"School (2003), 33&ndash;35, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #44</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9265
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10127

 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "GartnerG2, 26&ndash;27."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9245
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10110

 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
 "require computers to determine whether the content they access is protected "
 "or not, and to disable the spread of protected content.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Congress has already launched proceedings to "
 msgid ""
 "The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
 "content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
 "require computers to determine whether the content they access is protected "
 "or not, and to disable the spread of protected content.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Congress has already launched proceedings to "

-"explore a mandatory \"broadcast flag\" that would be required on any device "
-"capable of transmitting digital video (i.e., a computer), and that would "
-"disable the copying of any content that is marked with a broadcast "
-"flag. Other members of Congress have proposed immunizing content providers "
-"from liability for technology they might deploy that would hunt down "
-"copyright violators and disable their machines.<placeholder "
+"explore a mandatory <quote>broadcast flag</quote> that would be required on "
+"any device capable of transmitting digital video (i.e., a computer), and "
+"that would disable the copying of any content that is marked with a "
+"broadcast flag. Other members of Congress have proposed immunizing content "
+"providers from liability for technology they might deploy that would hunt "
+"down copyright violators and disable their machines.<placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 203 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9270
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10131

 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "
 msgid ""
 "In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
 "not regulate the code to remove the problem. But any regulation of technical "


@@ -11688,16 +14221,21 @@ msgid ""
 "will likely be eclipsed by advances around exactly those requirements."
 msgstr ""
 
 "will likely be eclipsed by advances around exactly those requirements."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10140 freeculture.xml:12050
+msgid "Intel"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f8. 
 #.  f8. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10146

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See David McGuire, \"Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,\" Newsbytes, "
-"February 2002 (Entertainment)."
+"See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
+"Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9281
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10142

 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "
 msgid ""
 "In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
 "tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would "


@@ -11706,16 +14244,16 @@ msgid ""
 "any protection should not do more harm than good."
 msgstr ""
 
 "any protection should not do more harm than good."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9292
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10154

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There is one more obvious way in which this war has harmed "
-"innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite familiar to the free "
-"market crowd."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>There is one</emphasis> more obvious way in which "
+"this war has harmed innovation&mdash;again, a story that will be quite "
+"familiar to the free market crowd."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9298
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10159

 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "
 msgid ""
 "Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
 "regulation. It is a regulation that benefits some and harms others.  When "


@@ -11723,27 +14261,36 @@ msgid ""
 "regulation the powerful use to defeat competitors."
 msgstr ""
 
 "regulation the powerful use to defeat competitors."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f9. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9307
-msgid "Jessica Litman, Digital Copyright (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2001)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10177
+msgid "Digital Copyright (Litman)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10175
+msgid ""
+"Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
+"Prometheus Books, 2001).  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10169

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As I described in chapter 10, despite this feature of copyright as "
-"regulation, and subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica "
-"Litman in her book Digital Copyright,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter 10 "
-"details, when new technologies have come along, Congress has struck a "
-"balance to assure that the new is protected from the old. Compulsory, or "
-"statutory, licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free use (as in the "
-"case of the VCR) has been another."
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"property-i\"/>, despite this feature of copyright as regulation, "
+"and subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica Litman in her "
+"book <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/> details, when new "
+"technologies have come along, Congress has struck a balance to assure that "
+"the new is protected from the old. Compulsory, or statutory, licenses have "
+"been one part of that strategy. Free use (as in the case of the VCR) has "
+"been another."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9317
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10188

 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "
 msgid ""
 "But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
 "rise of the Internet. Rather than striking a balance between the claims of a "


@@ -11752,45 +14299,67 @@ msgid ""
 "effect of smothering the new to benefit the old."
 msgstr ""
 
 "effect of smothering the new to benefit the old."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f10. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9325
-msgid ""
-"The only circuit court exception is found in Recording Industry Association "
-"of America (RIAA) v. Diamond Multimedia Systems, 180 F. 3d 1072 (9th "
-"Cir. 1999). There the court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit reasoned that "
-"makers of a portable MP3 player were not liable for contributory copyright "
-"infringement for a device that is unable to record or redistribute music (a "
-"device whose only copying function is to render portable a music file "
-"already stored on a user's hard drive).  At the district court level, the "
-"only exception is found in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, "
-"Ltd., 259 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (C.D.  Cal., 2003), where the court found the "
-"link between the distributor and any given user's conduct too attenuated to "
-"make the distributor liable for contributory or vicarious infringement "
-"liability."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10194
+msgid "radio on"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f11. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9344
-msgid ""
-"For example, in July 2002, Representative Howard Berman introduced the "
-"Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act (H.R. 5211), which would immunize "
-"copyright holders from liability for damage done to computers when the "
-"copyright holders use technology to stop copyright infringement. In August "
-"2002, Representative Billy Tauzin introduced a bill to mandate that "
-"technologies capable of rebroadcasting digital copies of films broadcast on "
-"TV (i.e., computers) respect a \"broadcast flag\" that would disable copying "
-"of that content. And in March of the same year, Senator Fritz Hollings "
-"introduced the Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act, "
-"which mandated copyright protection technology in all digital media "
-"devices. See GartnerG2, \"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster "
-"World,\" 27 June 2003, 33&ndash;34, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #44</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10199
+msgid "Grokster, Ltd."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10199
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> The only circuit court exception "
+"is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry Association of America "
+"(RIAA)</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Diamond Multimedia Systems</citetitle>, 180 "
+"F. 3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999). There the court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit "
+"reasoned that makers of a portable MP3 player were not liable for "
+"contributory copyright infringement for a device that is unable to record or "
+"redistribute music (a device whose only copying function is to render "
+"portable a music file already stored on a user's hard drive).  At the "
+"district court level, the only exception is found in "
+"<citetitle>Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, "
+"Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Grokster, Ltd</citetitle>., 259 F. Supp. 2d "
+"1029 (C.D.  Cal., 2003), where the court found the link between the "
+"distributor and any given user's conduct too attenuated to make the "
+"distributor liable for contributory or vicarious infringement liability."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9324
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10218
+msgid "Tauzin, Billy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10220
+msgid "Hollings, Fritz"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10218
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> For example, in July 2002, Representative "
+"Howard Berman introduced the Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act (H.R. 5211), "
+"which would immunize copyright holders from liability for damage done to "
+"computers when the copyright holders use technology to stop copyright "
+"infringement. In August 2002, Representative Billy Tauzin introduced a bill "
+"to mandate that technologies capable of rebroadcasting digital copies of "
+"films broadcast on TV (i.e., computers) respect a <quote>broadcast "
+"flag</quote> that would disable copying of that content. And in March of the "
+"same year, Senator Fritz Hollings introduced the Consumer Broadband and "
+"Digital Television Promotion Act, which mandated copyright protection "
+"technology in all digital media devices. See GartnerG2, <quote>Copyright and "
+"Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> 27 June 2003, 33&ndash;34, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #44</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10197

 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "
 msgid ""
 "The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses "


@@ -11801,20 +14370,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 204 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10245

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As I described in chapter 4, when a radio station plays a song, the "
-"recording artist doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he "
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording "
+"artist doesn't get paid for that <quote>radio performance</quote> unless he "

 "or she is also the composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded "
 "or she is also the composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded "

-"a version of \"Happy Birthday\"&mdash;to memorialize her famous performance "
-"before President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden&mdash; then whenever that "
-"recording was played on the radio, the current copyright owners of \"Happy "
-"Birthday\" would get some money, whereas Marilyn Monroe would not."
+"a version of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote>&mdash;to memorialize her famous "
+"performance before President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden&mdash; then "
+"whenever that recording was played on the radio, the current copyright "
+"owners of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> would get some money, whereas "
+"Marilyn Monroe would not."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9378
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10256

 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "
 msgid ""
 "The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
 "justification was that radio was a kind of advertising. The recording artist "


@@ -11826,19 +14397,19 @@ msgid ""
 "compensation to the recording artists."
 msgstr ""
 
 "compensation to the recording artists."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9390
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10267

 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
 "across the Internet, not across the ether of radio spectrum.  Thus, I can "
 msgid ""
 "Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
 "stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
 "across the Internet, not across the ether of radio spectrum.  Thus, I can "

-"\"tune in\" to an Internet radio station in Berlin while sitting in San "
-"Francisco, even though there's no way for me to tune in to a regular radio "
-"station much beyond the San Francisco metropolitan area."
+"<quote>tune in</quote> to an Internet radio station in Berlin while sitting "
+"in San Francisco, even though there's no way for me to tune in to a regular "
+"radio station much beyond the San Francisco metropolitan area."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9400
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10276

 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "
 msgid ""
 "This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
 "potentially an unlimited number of radio stations that a user could tune in "


@@ -11853,8 +14424,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 205 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9416
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10292

 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "
 msgid ""
 "Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
 "potentially vastly more significant than the FM improvement over AM, since "


@@ -11865,19 +14436,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9445
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10316

 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Lessing, 239."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10302

 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
 "longwaves. If FM were freely developed, the number of stations would be "
 "limited only by economics and competition rather than by technical "
 msgid ""
 "An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
 "thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
 "longwaves. If FM were freely developed, the number of stations would be "
 "limited only by economics and competition rather than by technical "

-"restrictions. . . . Armstrong likened the situation that had grown up in "
+"restrictions. &hellip; Armstrong likened the situation that had grown up in "

 "radio to that following the invention of the printing press, when "
 "governments and ruling interests attempted to control this new instrument of "
 "mass communications by imposing restrictive licenses on it. This tyranny was "
 "radio to that following the invention of the printing press, when "
 "governments and ruling interests attempted to control this new instrument of "
 "mass communications by imposing restrictive licenses on it. This tyranny was "


@@ -11888,23 +14459,23 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10326

 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ibid., 229."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9450
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10321

 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
 msgid ""
 "This potential for FM radio was never realized&mdash;not because Armstrong "
 "was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "

-"\"vested interests, habits, customs and legislation\"<placeholder "
+"<quote>vested interests, habits, customs and legislation</quote><placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing "
 "technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing "
 "technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9461
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10331

 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "
 msgid ""
 "Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
 "is no technical limitation that could restrict the number of Internet radio "


@@ -11913,9 +14484,24 @@ msgid ""
 "what copyright rules would govern Internet radio?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "what copyright rules would govern Internet radio?"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10340
+msgid "on radio"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10344
+msgid "Internet radio hampered by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10345 freeculture.xml:10498
+msgid "on Internet radio fees"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 206 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9469
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10348

 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "
 msgid ""
 "But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
 "industry. The recording artists, on the other hand, have a very powerful "


@@ -11923,19 +14509,19 @@ msgid ""
 "radio in 1995, the lobbyists had primed Congress to adopt a different rule "
 "for Internet radio than the rule that applies to terrestrial radio. While "
 "terrestrial radio does not have to pay our hypothetical Marilyn Monroe when "
 "radio in 1995, the lobbyists had primed Congress to adopt a different rule "
 "for Internet radio than the rule that applies to terrestrial radio. While "
 "terrestrial radio does not have to pay our hypothetical Marilyn Monroe when "

-"it plays her hypothetical recording of \"Happy Birthday\" on the air, "
-"Internet radio does. Not only is the law not neutral toward Internet "
-"radio&mdash;the law actually burdens Internet radio more than it burdens "
-"terrestrial radio."
+"it plays her hypothetical recording of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> on the "
+"air, <emphasis>Internet radio does</emphasis>. Not only is the law not "
+"neutral toward Internet radio&mdash;the law actually burdens Internet radio "
+"more than it burdens terrestrial radio."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9509
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10387

 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9492
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10370

 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
 msgid ""
 "This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
 "Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "


@@ -11945,18 +14531,19 @@ msgid ""
 "Zittrain, Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings and Ephemeral "
 "Recordings, Docket No. 2000-9, CARP DTRA 1 and 2, available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #45</ulink>.  For an excellent "
 "Zittrain, Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings and Ephemeral "
 "Recordings, Docket No. 2000-9, CARP DTRA 1 and 2, available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #45</ulink>.  For an excellent "

-"analysis making a similar point, see Randal C. Picker, \"Copyright as Entry "
-"Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,\" Antitrust Bulletin (Summer/Fall "
-"2002): 461: \"This was not confusion, these are just old-fashioned entry "
-"barriers. Analog radio stations are protected from digital entrants, "
-"reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, this is done in the name of "
-"getting royalties to copyright holders, but, absent the play of powerful "
-"interests, that could have been done in a media-neutral way.\" <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"analysis making a similar point, see Randal C. Picker, <quote>Copyright as "
+"Entry Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,</quote> <citetitle>Antitrust "
+"Bulletin</citetitle> (Summer/Fall 2002): 461: <quote>This was not confusion, "
+"these are just old-fashioned entry barriers. Analog radio stations are "
+"protected from digital entrants, reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, "
+"this is done in the name of getting royalties to copyright holders, but, "
+"absent the play of powerful interests, that could have been done in a "
+"media-neutral way.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9485
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10363

 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
 msgid ""
 "This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
 "estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "


@@ -11966,162 +14553,169 @@ msgid ""
 "broadcasting the same content would pay no equivalent fee."
 msgstr ""
 
 "broadcasting the same content would pay no equivalent fee."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9516
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10399

 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
 msgid ""
 "The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "

-"proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station)  "
-"would have to collect the following data from every listening transaction:"
+"proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
+"would have to collect the following data from <emphasis>every listening "
+"transaction</emphasis>:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9523
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10407

 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "name of the service;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9526
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10410

 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10413

 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9532
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10416

 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "date of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9535
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10419

 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "time of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9538
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10422

 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9541
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10425

 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9544
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10428

 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9547
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10431

 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "sound recording title;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9550
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10434

 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9553
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10437

 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
 "the track;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
 "compilation albums, the release year of the album and copy- right date of "
 "the track;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10440

 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "featured recording artist;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9559
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10443

 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "retail album title;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10446

 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "recording label;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9565
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10449

 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9568
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10452

 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "catalog number;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9571
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10455

 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "copyright owner information;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9574
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10458

 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9577
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10461

 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "name of the service or entity;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9580
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10464

 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "channel or program;"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9583
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10467

 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9586
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10470

 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9589
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10473

 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9592
-msgid "Unique User identifier;"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10476
+msgid "unique user identifier;"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9595
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10479

 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9600
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10484

 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
 "arbitration panel charged with setting rates. But the basic difference "
 "between Internet radio and terrestrial radio remains: Internet radio has to "
 msgid ""
 "The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
 "pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
 "arbitration panel charged with setting rates. But the basic difference "
 "between Internet radio and terrestrial radio remains: Internet radio has to "

-"pay a type of copyright fee that terrestrial radio does not."
+"pay a <emphasis>type of copyright fee</emphasis> that terrestrial radio does "
+"not."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9608
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10492

 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
 "the motive to protect artists against piracy?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
 "consequences from Internet radio that would justify these differences? Was "
 "the motive to protect artists against piracy?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9614
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10496 freeculture.xml:15302
+msgid "Real Networks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10502

 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "
 msgid ""
 "In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
 "everyone at the time. As Alex Alben, vice president for Public Policy at "


@@ -12129,31 +14723,31 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 208 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9620
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10508

 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
 "it was much higher. It was ten times higher than what radio stations pay to "
 "perform the same songs for the same period of time. And so the attorneys "
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
 "about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
 "it was much higher. It was ten times higher than what radio stations pay to "
 "perform the same songs for the same period of time. And so the attorneys "

-"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, . . . \"How do you come up with "
-"a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? Because here "
-"we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, and that should "
-"establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, you're going to "
-"drive the small webcasters out of business. . . .\""
+"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, &hellip; <quote>How do you come "
+"up with a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? "
+"Because here we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, "
+"and that should establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, "
+"you're going to drive the small webcasters out of business. &hellip;</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9636
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10524

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"And the RIAA experts said, \"Well, we don't really model this as an industry "
-"with thousands of webcasters, we think it should be an industry with, you "
-"know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate and it's a stable, "
-"predictable market.\" (Emphasis added.)"
+"And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
+"industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
+"industry with, you know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate "
+"and it's a stable, predictable market</emphasis>.</quote> (Emphasis added.)"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10536

 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "
 msgid ""
 "Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
 "this platform of potentially immense competition, which would cause the "


@@ -12163,21 +14757,21 @@ msgid ""
 "either the right or the left, who is doing anything effective to prevent it."
 msgstr ""
 
 "either the right or the left, who is doing anything effective to prevent it."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:9653
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:10552

 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9655
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10554

 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
 "for a democratic creativity that digital technology enables."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
 "dinosaurs a veto over the future. It wastes the extraordinary opportunity "
 "for a democratic creativity that digital technology enables."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10560

 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "
 msgid ""
 "In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
 "to our forebears, but seems forgotten today. Overregulation corrupts "


@@ -12185,44 +14779,45 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9670
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10569

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, \"The Music Downloading Deluge,\" Pew Internet "
-"and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
+"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
+"Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #46</ulink>.  The Pew Internet "
 "and American Life Project reported that 37 million Americans had downloaded "
 "music files from the Internet by early 2001."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #46</ulink>.  The Pew Internet "
 "and American Life Project reported that 37 million Americans had downloaded "
 "music files from the Internet by early 2001."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 209 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9666
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10565

 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
 msgid ""
 "The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
 "of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "

-"of citizens. According to The New York Times, 43 million Americans "
-"downloaded music in May 2002.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"According to the RIAA, the behavior of those 43 million Americans is a "
-"felony. We thus have a set of rules that transform 20 percent of America "
-"into criminals. As the RIAA launches lawsuits against not only the Napsters "
-"and Kazaas of the world, but against students building search engines, and "
-"increasingly against ordinary users downloading content, the technologies "
-"for sharing will advance to further protect and hide illegal use. It is an "
-"arms race or a civil war, with the extremes of one side inviting a more "
-"extreme response by the other."
+"of citizens. According to <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, 43 "
+"million Americans downloaded music in May 2002.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> According to the RIAA, the behavior of those 43 "
+"million Americans is a felony. We thus have a set of rules that transform 20 "
+"percent of America into criminals. As the RIAA launches lawsuits against not "
+"only the Napsters and Kazaas of the world, but against students building "
+"search engines, and increasingly against ordinary users downloading content, "
+"the technologies for sharing will advance to further protect and hide "
+"illegal use. It is an arms race or a civil war, with the extremes of one "
+"side inviting a more extreme response by the other."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f16. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9704
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10603

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Alex Pham, \"The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,\" Los "
-"Angeles Times, 10 September 2003, Business."
+"Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA "
+"Case,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, "
+"Business."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9691
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10590

 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
 msgid ""
 "The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
 "system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "


@@ -12243,17 +14838,23 @@ msgid ""
 "that those with the power can use the law to quash any rights they oppose."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that those with the power can use the law to quash any rights they oppose."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10614
+msgid "alcohol prohibition"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f17. 
 #.  f17. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10626

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, \"Alcohol Consumption During "
-"Prohibition,\" American Economic Review 81, no. 2 (1991): 242."
+"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
+"Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, "
+"no. 2 (1991): 242."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f18. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10634

 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "
 msgid ""
 "National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
 "Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. (5 March 2003) (statement of John "


@@ -12261,16 +14862,16 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f19. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9744
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10644

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, \"Tax Compliance,\" "
-"Journal of Economic Literature 36 (1998): 818 (survey of compliance "
-"literature)."
+"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
+"Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
+"(1998): 818 (survey of compliance literature)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9716
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10616

 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
 msgid ""
 "Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
 "more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "


@@ -12286,33 +14887,38 @@ msgid ""
 "of the population. We regulate automobiles to the point where the vast "
 "majority of Americans violate the law every day. We run such a complex tax "
 "system that a majority of cash businesses regularly cheat.<placeholder "
 "of the population. We regulate automobiles to the point where the vast "
 "majority of Americans violate the law every day. We run such a complex tax "
 "system that a majority of cash businesses regularly cheat.<placeholder "

-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> We pride ourselves on our \"free society,\" but "
-"an endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated within our society. And "
-"as a result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some "
-"law."
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> We pride ourselves on our <quote>free "
+"society,</quote> but an endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated "
+"within our society. And as a result, a huge proportion of Americans "
+"regularly violate at least some law."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9753
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10652
+msgid "law schools"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10654

 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
 msgid ""
 "This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
 "salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "

-"about the importance of \"ethics.\" As my colleague Charlie Nesson told a "
-"class at Stanford, each year law schools admit thousands of students who "
-"have illegally downloaded music, illegally consumed alcohol and sometimes "
-"drugs, illegally worked without paying taxes, illegally driven cars. These "
-"are kids for whom behaving illegally is increasingly the norm. And then we, "
-"as law professors, are supposed to teach them how to behave "
-"ethically&mdash;how to say no to bribes, or keep client funds separate, or "
-"honor a demand to disclose a document that will mean that your case is "
-"over. Generations of Americans&mdash;more significantly in some parts of "
-"America than in others, but still, everywhere in America today&mdash;can't "
-"live their lives both normally and legally, since \"normally\" entails a "
-"certain degree of illegality."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9770
+"about the importance of <quote>ethics.</quote> As my colleague Charlie "
+"Nesson told a class at Stanford, each year law schools admit thousands of "
+"students who have illegally downloaded music, illegally consumed alcohol and "
+"sometimes drugs, illegally worked without paying taxes, illegally driven "
+"cars. These are kids for whom behaving illegally is increasingly the "
+"norm. And then we, as law professors, are supposed to teach them how to "
+"behave ethically&mdash;how to say no to bribes, or keep client funds "
+"separate, or honor a demand to disclose a document that will mean that your "
+"case is over. Generations of Americans&mdash;more significantly in some "
+"parts of America than in others, but still, everywhere in America "
+"today&mdash;can't live their lives both normally and legally, since "
+"<quote>normally</quote> entails a certain degree of illegality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10671

 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "
 msgid ""
 "The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
 "severely or to change the law. We, as a society, have to learn how to make "


@@ -12325,8 +14931,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 211 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9783
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10684

 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "
 msgid ""
 "My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
 "should therefore repeal it. Obviously, we could reduce murder statistics "


@@ -12335,8 +14941,8 @@ msgid ""
 "society is right to ban murder always and everywhere."
 msgstr ""
 
 "society is right to ban murder always and everywhere."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9790
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10691

 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "
 msgid ""
 "My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
 "that we recently have learned to forget. The rule of law depends upon people "


@@ -12347,13 +14953,13 @@ msgid ""
 "incarcerate the rapist. But I do care whether my students respect the "
 "law. And I do care if the rules of law sow increasing disrespect because of "
 "the extreme of regulation they impose.  Twenty million Americans have come "
 "incarcerate the rapist. But I do care whether my students respect the "
 "law. And I do care if the rules of law sow increasing disrespect because of "
 "the extreme of regulation they impose.  Twenty million Americans have come "

-"of age since the Internet introduced this different idea of \"sharing.\" We "
-"need to be able to call these twenty million Americans \"citizens,\" not "
-"\"felons.\""
+"of age since the Internet introduced this different idea of "
+"<quote>sharing.</quote> We need to be able to call these twenty million "
+"Americans <quote>citizens,</quote> not <quote>felons.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10705

 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "
 msgid ""
 "When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
 "Internet, and when they use tools to combine that content in ways "


@@ -12366,55 +14972,61 @@ msgid ""
 "without transforming America into a nation of felons?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "without transforming America into a nation of felons?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10717

 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 
 msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 212 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9819
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10720

 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
 "protects our right to buy and sell that plastic: It is not a copyright "
 "infringement for me to sell all my classical records at a used record store "
 msgid ""
 "We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
 "plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought.  The law "
 "protects our right to buy and sell that plastic: It is not a copyright "
 "infringement for me to sell all my classical records at a used record store "

-"and buy jazz records to replace them. That \"use\" of the recordings is "
-"free."
+"and buy jazz records to replace them. That <quote>use</quote> of the "
+"recordings is free."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9830
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10731

 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
 msgid ""
 "But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
 "records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "

-"copy-protection technologies, I am \"free\" to copy, or \"rip,\" music from "
-"my records onto a computer hard disk. Indeed, Apple Corporation went so far "
-"as to suggest that \"freedom\" was a right: In a series of commercials, "
-"Apple endorsed the \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" capacities of digital technologies."
+"copy-protection technologies, I am <quote>free</quote> to copy, or "
+"<quote>rip,</quote> music from my records onto a computer hard disk. Indeed, "
+"Apple Corporation went so far as to suggest that <quote>freedom</quote> was "
+"a right: In a series of commercials, Apple endorsed the <quote>Rip, Mix, "
+"Burn</quote> capacities of digital technologies."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:9838
-msgid "Adromeda"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10739
+msgid "Andromeda"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10740
+msgid "mix technology and"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9840
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10742

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This \"use\" of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a large "
-"process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing them in "
-"one archive. Then, using Apple's iTunes, or a wonderful program called "
-"Andromeda, we can build different play lists of our music: Bach, Baroque, "
-"Love Songs, Love Songs of Significant Others&mdash;the potential is "
+"This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
+"large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
+"them in one archive. Then, using Apple's iTunes, or a wonderful program "
+"called Andromeda, we can build different play lists of our music: Bach, "
+"Baroque, Love Songs, Love Songs of Significant Others&mdash;the potential is "

 "endless. And by reducing the costs of mixing play lists, these technologies "
 "help build a creativity with play lists that is itself independently "
 "valuable. Compilations of songs are creative and meaningful in their own "
 "right."
 msgstr ""
 
 "endless. And by reducing the costs of mixing play lists, these technologies "
 "help build a creativity with play lists that is itself independently "
 "valuable. Compilations of songs are creative and meaningful in their own "
 "right."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9851
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10753

 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "
 msgid ""
 "This use is enabled by unprotected media&mdash;either CDs or records.  But "
 "unprotected media also enable file sharing. File sharing threatens (or so "


@@ -12426,8 +15038,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 213 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10763

 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "
 msgid ""
 "If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
 "own music would become quite difficult. You might hang in hacker circles, "


@@ -12437,11 +15049,11 @@ msgid ""
 "protection technologies would effectively destroy the archiving use of "
 "CDs. The technology, in other words, would force us all back to the world "
 "where we either listened to music by manipulating pieces of plastic or were "
 "protection technologies would effectively destroy the archiving use of "
 "CDs. The technology, in other words, would force us all back to the world "
 "where we either listened to music by manipulating pieces of plastic or were "

-"part of a massively complex \"digital rights management\" system."
+"part of a massively complex <quote>digital rights management</quote> system."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9875
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10778

 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "
 msgid ""
 "If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
 "ability to freely move content, then these technologies to interfere with "


@@ -12452,8 +15064,8 @@ msgid ""
 "easily?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "easily?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9884
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10787

 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "
 msgid ""
 "My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
 "version of such a system in the last chapter of this book. For now, the only "


@@ -12465,8 +15077,8 @@ msgid ""
 "between different property systems and the freedoms each allowed."
 msgstr ""
 
 "between different property systems and the freedoms each allowed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9895
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10798

 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "
 msgid ""
 "I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
 "forty-three million Americans into felons. But the salient feature of this "


@@ -12477,8 +15089,8 @@ msgid ""
 "horse-drawn buggy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "horse-drawn buggy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9904
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10807

 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "
 msgid ""
 "Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
 "Congress, and are riding the law to protect themselves against this new form "


@@ -12486,49 +15098,64 @@ msgid ""
 "as criminals and their own survival."
 msgstr ""
 
 "as criminals and their own survival."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9910
+#.  PAGE BREAK 214 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10813

 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
 "but not so charming as to justify giving up a tradition as deep and "
 msgid ""
 "It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
 "why we as a democracy continue to choose as we do. Jack Valenti is charming; "
 "but not so charming as to justify giving up a tradition as deep and "

-"important as our tradition of free culture.  There's one more aspect to this "
+"important as our tradition of free culture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10824
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>There's one more</emphasis> aspect to this "

 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
 "directly from any war of prohibition.  As Electronic Frontier Foundation "
 "corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
 "directly from any war of prohibition.  As Electronic Frontier Foundation "

-"attorney Fred von Lohmann describes, this is the \"collateral damage\" that "
-"\"arises whenever you turn a very large percentage of the population into "
-"criminals.\" This is the collateral damage to civil liberties generally.  "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"attorney Fred von Lohmann describes, this is the <quote>collateral "
+"damage</quote> that <quote>arises whenever you turn a very large percentage "
+"of the population into criminals.</quote> This is the collateral damage to "
+"civil liberties generally."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:10832 freeculture.xml:10932
+msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9927
-msgid "\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann explains,"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10834
+msgid ""
+"<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
+"Lohmann explains,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9932
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10839

 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
 msgid ""
 "then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "

-"one degree or another. . . . If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "
+"one degree or another. &hellip; If you're a copyright infringer, how can you "

 "hope to have any privacy rights? If you're a copyright infringer, how can "
 "you hope to be secure against seizures of your computer? How can you hope to "
 "hope to have any privacy rights? If you're a copyright infringer, how can "
 "you hope to be secure against seizures of your computer? How can you hope to "

-"continue to receive Internet access? . . . Our sensibilities change as soon "
-"as we think, \"Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a lawbreaker.\" Well, "
-"what this campaign against file sharing has done is turn a remarkable "
-"percentage of the American Internet-using population into \"lawbreakers.\""
+"continue to receive Internet access? &hellip; Our sensibilities change as "
+"soon as we think, <quote>Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a "
+"lawbreaker.</quote> Well, what this campaign against file sharing has done "
+"is turn a remarkable percentage of the American Internet-using population "
+"into <quote>lawbreakers.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10851

 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
 "effectively erase much of the privacy most would presume."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
 "criminals is that it becomes trivial, as a matter of due process, to "
 "effectively erase much of the privacy most would presume."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9949
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10856

 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "
 msgid ""
 "Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
 "launched its campaign to force Internet service providers to turn over the "


@@ -12539,23 +15166,25 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f20. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9967
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10874

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in "
-"Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 "
-"September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, \"Worried Parents Pull Plug on File "
-"`Stealing'; With the Music Industry Cracking Down on File Swapping, Parents "
-"are Yanking Software from Home PCs to Avoid Being Sued,\" Orlando Sentinel "
-"Tribune, 30 August 2003, C1; Jefferson Graham, \"Recording Industry Sues "
-"Parents,\" USA Today, 15 September 2003, 4D; John Schwartz, \"She Says She's "
-"No Music Pirate. No Snoop Fan, Either,\" New York Times, 25 September 2003, "
-"C1; Margo Varadi, \"Is Brianna a Criminal?\" Toronto Star, 18 September "
-"2003, P7."
+"See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
+"Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, "
+"<quote>Worried Parents Pull Plug on File `Stealing'; With the Music Industry "
+"Cracking Down on File Swapping, Parents are Yanking Software from Home PCs "
+"to Avoid Being Sued,</quote> <citetitle>Orlando Sentinel "
+"Tribune</citetitle>, 30 August 2003, C1; Jefferson Graham, <quote>Recording "
+"Industry Sues Parents,</quote> <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 15 "
+"September 2003, 4D; John Schwartz, <quote>She Says She's No Music Pirate. No "
+"Snoop Fan, Either,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 25 "
+"September 2003, C1; Margo Varadi, <quote>Is Brianna a Criminal?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Toronto Star</citetitle>, 18 September 2003, P7."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9958
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10865

 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
 msgid ""
 "The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
 "sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "


@@ -12568,78 +15197,83 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f21. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9985
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10892

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See \"Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses Some "
-"Methods Used,\" CNN.com, available at <ulink "
+"See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
+"Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9981
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10888

 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
 "to track Napster users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Using a "
 "sophisticated hashing algorithm, the RIAA took what is in effect a "
 "fingerprint of every song in the Napster catalog. Any copy of one of those "
 msgid ""
 "Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
 "report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
 "to track Napster users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Using a "
 "sophisticated hashing algorithm, the RIAA took what is in effect a "
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-"MP3s will have the same \"fingerprint.\""
+"MP3s will have the same <quote>fingerprint.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f22. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10006
-msgid ""
-"See Jeff Adler, \"Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,\" Boston "
-"Globe, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; Frank Ahrens, \"Four Students Sued over "
-"Music Sites; Industry Group Targets File Sharing at Colleges,\" Washington "
-"Post, 4 April 2003, E1; Elizabeth Armstrong, \"Students `Rip, Mix, Burn' at "
-"Their Own Risk,\" Christian Science Monitor, 2 September 2003, 20; Robert "
-"Becker and Angela Rozas, \"Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; Two Students "
-"Names Are Handed Over; Lawsuit Possible,\" Chicago Tribune, 16 July 2003, "
-"1C; Beth Cox, \"RIAA Trains Antipiracy Guns on Universities,\" Internet "
-"News, 30 January 2003, available at <ulink "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10913
+msgid ""
+"See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not "
+"Penitent,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City "
+"Weekly, 1; Frank Ahrens, <quote>Four Students Sued over Music Sites; "
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+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 4 April 2003, E1; Elizabeth "
+"Armstrong, <quote>Students `Rip, Mix, Burn' at Their Own Risk,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Christian Science Monitor</citetitle>, 2 September 2003, 20; "
+"Robert Becker and Angela Rozas, <quote>Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; "
+"Two Students Names Are Handed Over; Lawsuit Possible,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 16 July 2003, 1C; Beth Cox, "
+"<quote>RIAA Trains Antipiracy Guns on Universities,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Internet News</citetitle>, 30 January 2003, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #48</ulink>; Benny Evangelista, "
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-"\"Download Warning 101: Freshman Orientation This Fall to Include Record "
-"Industry Warnings Against File Sharing,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 11 August "
-"2003, E11; \"Raid, Letters Are Weapons at Universities,\" USA Today, 26 "
+"<quote>Download Warning 101: Freshman Orientation This Fall to Include "
+"Record Industry Warnings Against File Sharing,</quote> <citetitle>San "
+"Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 11 August 2003, E11; <quote>Raid, Letters "
+"Are Weapons at Universities,</quote> <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 26 "

 "September 2000, 3D."
 msgstr ""
 
 "September 2000, 3D."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:9994
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10901

 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
 "used to make as a kid. You don't know, and neither does your daughter, where "
 "these songs came from. But she copies these songs onto her computer. She "
 "then takes her computer to college and connects it to a college network, and "
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
 "CD to your daughter&mdash;a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
 "used to make as a kid. You don't know, and neither does your daughter, where "
 "these songs came from. But she copies these songs onto her computer. She "
 "then takes her computer to college and connects it to a college network, and "

-"if the college network is \"cooperating\" with the RIAA's espionage, and she "
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-"do that yourself ?), then the RIAA will be able to identify your daughter as "
-"a \"criminal.\" And under the rules that universities are beginning to "
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-"expelled."
+"if the college network is <quote>cooperating</quote> with the RIAA's "
+"espionage, and she hasn't properly protected her content from the network "
+"(do you know how to do that yourself ?), then the RIAA will be able to "
+"identify your daughter as a <quote>criminal.</quote> And under the rules "
+"that universities are beginning to deploy,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> your daughter can lose the right to use the university's computer "
+"network.  She can, in some cases, be expelled."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 216 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10025
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10934

 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
 "lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
 "she didn't know anything about the source of the songs or that they came "
 "from Napster. And it may well be that the university believes her. But the "
 msgid ""
 "Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
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 "from Napster. And it may well be that the university believes her. But the "

-"university might not believe her. It might treat this \"contraband\" as "
-"presumptive of guilt. And as any number of college students have already "
-"learned, our presumptions about innocence disappear in the middle of wars of "
-"prohibition. This war is no different.  Says von Lohmann,"
+"university might not believe her. It might treat this "
+"<quote>contraband</quote> as presumptive of guilt. And as any number of "
+"college students have already learned, our presumptions about innocence "
+"disappear in the middle of wars of prohibition. This war is no different.  "
+"Says von Lohmann,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10040
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10949

 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "
 msgid ""
 "So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
 "that are essentially copyright infringers, you create a situation where the "


@@ -12653,39 +15287,40 @@ msgid ""
 "closest analog, [but] many have noted that the war against drugs has eroded "
 "all of our civil liberties because it's treated so many Americans as "
 "criminals. Well, I think it's fair to say that file sharing is an order of "
 "closest analog, [but] many have noted that the war against drugs has eroded "
 "all of our civil liberties because it's treated so many Americans as "
 "criminals. Well, I think it's fair to say that file sharing is an order of "

-"magnitude larger number of Americans than drug use. . . . If forty to sixty "
-"million Americans have become lawbreakers, then we're really on a slippery "
-"slope to lose a lot of civil liberties for all forty to sixty million of "
-"them."
+"magnitude larger number of Americans than drug use. &hellip; If forty to "
+"sixty million Americans have become lawbreakers, then we're really on a "
+"slippery slope to lose a lot of civil liberties for all forty to sixty "
+"million of them."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10060
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10969

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered \"criminals\" under the "
-"law, and when the law could achieve the same objective&mdash; securing "
-"rights to authors&mdash;without these millions being considered "
-"\"criminals,\" who is the villain? Americans or the law? Which is American, "
-"a constant war on our own people or a concerted effort through our democracy "
-"to change our law?"
+"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered "
+"<quote>criminals</quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the "
+"same objective&mdash; securing rights to authors&mdash;without these "
+"millions being considered <quote>criminals,</quote> who is the villain? "
+"Americans or the law? Which is American, a constant war on our own people or "
+"a concerted effort through our democracy to change our law?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10073
-msgid "BALANCES"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:10982
+msgid "Balances"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10077
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10987

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"So here's the picture: You're standing at the side of the road. Your car is "
-"on fire. You are angry and upset because in part you helped start the "
-"fire. Now you don't know how to put it out. Next to you is a bucket, filled "
-"with gasoline. Obviously, gasoline won't put the fire out."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>So here's</emphasis> the picture: You're standing at "
+"the side of the road. Your car is on fire. You are angry and upset because "
+"in part you helped start the fire. Now you don't know how to put it "
+"out. Next to you is a bucket, filled with gasoline. Obviously, gasoline "
+"won't put the fire out."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10083
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:10994

 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "
 msgid ""
 "As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
 "bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop&mdash;or before she "


@@ -12694,20 +15329,21 @@ msgid ""
 "ignite is about to ignite everything around."
 msgstr ""
 
 "ignite is about to ignite everything around."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10091
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11002

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"A war about copyright rages all around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the "
-"wrong thing. No doubt, current technologies threaten existing businesses.  "
-"No doubt they may threaten artists. But technologies change.  The industry "
-"and technologists have plenty of ways to use technology to protect "
-"themselves against the current threats of the Internet. This is a fire that "
-"if let alone would burn itself out."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>A war</emphasis> about copyright rages all "
+"around&mdash;and we're all focusing on the wrong thing. No doubt, current "
+"technologies threaten existing businesses.  No doubt they may threaten "
+"artists. But technologies change.  The industry and technologists have "
+"plenty of ways to use technology to protect themselves against the current "
+"threats of the Internet. This is a fire that if let alone would burn itself "
+"out."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 219 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10100
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11012

 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
 msgid ""
 "Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
 "plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "


@@ -12716,16 +15352,16 @@ msgid ""
 "is a massive change in the way culture is made that is happening all around."
 msgstr ""
 
 "is a massive change in the way culture is made that is happening all around."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10108
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11020

 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
 "onto this fire."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
 "fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
 "onto this fire."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10113
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11025

 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
 msgid ""
 "We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
 "binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "


@@ -12733,8 +15369,8 @@ msgid ""
 "at the fire when we should be keeping our eyes on the road."
 msgstr ""
 
 "at the fire when we should be keeping our eyes on the road."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10119
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11031

 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
 msgid ""
 "This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
 "failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "


@@ -12742,24 +15378,45 @@ msgid ""
 "understand these failures if we're to understand what success will require."
 msgstr ""
 
 "understand these failures if we're to understand what success will require."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:10128
-msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:11041
+msgid "Chapter Thirteen: Eldred"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11042
+msgid "Eldred, Eric"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11043
+msgid "Hawthorne, Nathaniel"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10130
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11045

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In 1995, a father was frustrated that his daughters didn't seem to like "
-"Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one such father, but at least one "
-"did something about it. Eric Eldred, a retired computer programmer living in "
-"New Hampshire, decided to put Hawthorne on the Web. An electronic version, "
-"Eldred thought, with links to pictures and explanatory text, would make this "
-"nineteenth-century author's work come alive."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In 1995</emphasis>, a father was frustrated that his "
+"daughters didn't seem to like Hawthorne. No doubt there was more than one "
+"such father, but at least one did something about it. Eric Eldred, a retired "
+"computer programmer living in New Hampshire, decided to put Hawthorne on the "
+"Web. An electronic version, Eldred thought, with links to pictures and "
+"explanatory text, would make this nineteenth-century author's work come "
+"alive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11053
+msgid "of public-domain literature"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10139
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11054
+msgid "library of works derived from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11056

 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "
 msgid ""
 "It didn't work&mdash;at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
 "any more interesting than before. But Eldred's experiment gave birth to a "


@@ -12768,8 +15425,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 221 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11065

 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
 "though even a copy would have been of great value to people across the world "


@@ -12780,92 +15437,146 @@ msgid ""
 "accessible&mdash;technically accessible&mdash;today."
 msgstr ""
 
 "accessible&mdash;technically accessible&mdash;today."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11075
+msgid "Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11077

 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
 msgid ""
 "Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "

-"as Disney's. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter had passed into the public domain in "
-"1907. It was free for anyone to take without the permission of the Hawthorne "
-"estate or anyone else. Some, such as Dover Press and Penguin Classics, take "
-"works from the public domain and produce printed editions, which they sell "
-"in bookstores across the country. Others, such as Disney, take these stories "
-"and turn them into animated cartoons, sometimes successfully (Cinderella), "
-"sometimes not (The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Treasure Planet). These are all "
-"commercial publications of public domain works."
+"as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
+"into the public domain in 1907. It was free for anyone to take without the "
+"permission of the Hawthorne estate or anyone else. Some, such as Dover Press "
+"and Penguin Classics, take works from the public domain and produce printed "
+"editions, which they sell in bookstores across the country. Others, such as "
+"Disney, take these stories and turn them into animated cartoons, sometimes "
+"successfully (<citetitle>Cinderella</citetitle>), sometimes not "
+"(<citetitle>The Hunchback of Notre Dame</citetitle>, <citetitle>Treasure "
+"Planet</citetitle>). These are all commercial publications of public domain "
+"works."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10180
-msgid ""
-"There's a parallel here with pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but "
-"it's a strong one. One phenomenon that the Internet created was a world of "
-"noncommercial pornographers&mdash;people who were distributing porn but were "
-"not making money directly or indirectly from that distribution.  Such a "
-"class didn't exist before the Internet came into being because the costs of "
-"distributing porn were so high. Yet this new class of distributors got "
-"special attention in the Supreme Court, when the Court struck down the "
-"Communications Decency Act of 1996. It was partly because of the burden on "
-"noncommercial speakers that the statute was found to exceed Congress's "
-"power. The same point could have been made about noncommercial publishers "
-"after the advent of the Internet. The Eric Eldreds of the world before the "
-"Internet were extremely few. Yet one would think it at least as important to "
-"protect the Eldreds of the world as to protect noncommercial pornographers."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11102 freeculture.xml:12149
+msgid "pornography"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11102
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> There's a parallel here with "
+"pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but it's a strong one. One "
+"phenomenon that the Internet created was a world of noncommercial "
+"pornographers&mdash;people who were distributing porn but were not making "
+"money directly or indirectly from that distribution.  Such a class didn't "
+"exist before the Internet came into being because the costs of distributing "
+"porn were so high. Yet this new class of distributors got special attention "
+"in the Supreme Court, when the Court struck down the Communications Decency "
+"Act of 1996. It was partly because of the burden on noncommercial speakers "
+"that the statute was found to exceed Congress's power. The same point could "
+"have been made about noncommercial publishers after the advent of the "
+"Internet. The Eric Eldreds of the world before the Internet were extremely "
+"few. Yet one would think it at least as important to protect the Eldreds of "
+"the world as to protect noncommercial pornographers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11091

 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
 "others. Hundreds of thousands from across the world have discovered this "
 "platform of expression and now use it to share works that are, by law, free "
 msgid ""
 "The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
 "domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
 "others. Hundreds of thousands from across the world have discovered this "
 "platform of expression and now use it to share works that are, by law, free "

-"for the taking. This has produced what we might call the \"noncommercial "
-"publishing industry,\" which before the Internet was limited to people with "
-"large egos or with political or social causes. But with the Internet, it "
-"includes a wide range of individuals and groups dedicated to spreading "
-"culture generally.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"for the taking. This has produced what we might call the "
+"<quote>noncommercial publishing industry,</quote> which before the Internet "
+"was limited to people with large egos or with political or social "
+"causes. But with the Internet, it includes a wide range of individuals and "
+"groups dedicated to spreading culture generally.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10197
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11122
+msgid "Frost, Robert"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11123
+msgid "New Hampshire (Frost)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11127

 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
 msgid ""
 "As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "

-"of poems New Hampshire was slated to pass into the public domain. Eldred "
-"wanted to post that collection in his free public library.  But Congress got "
-"in the way. As I described in chapter 10, in 1998, for the eleventh time in "
-"forty years, Congress extended the terms of existing copyrights&mdash;this "
-"time by twenty years. Eldred would not be free to add any works more recent "
-"than 1923 to his collection until 2019.  Indeed, no copyrighted work would "
-"pass into the public domain until that year (and not even then, if Congress "
-"extends the term again). By contrast, in the same period, more than 1 "
-"million patents will pass into the public domain."
+"of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
+"public domain. Eldred wanted to post that collection in his free public "
+"library.  But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, in 1998, for the "
+"eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of existing "
+"copyrights&mdash;this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be free to add "
+"any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019.  Indeed, no "
+"copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that year (and not "
+"even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, in the same "
+"period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public domain."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f2. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10217
-msgid ""
-"The full text is: \"Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright protection to "
-"last forever. I am informed by staff that such a change would violate the "
-"Constitution. I invite all of you to work with me to strengthen our "
-"copyright laws in all of the ways available to us. As you know, there is "
-"also Jack Valenti's proposal for a term to last forever less one "
-"day. Perhaps the Committee may look at that next Congress,\" 144 "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11142 freeculture.xml:11154
+msgid "Bono, Mary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11143 freeculture.xml:11155
+msgid "Bono, Sonny"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11154
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of "
+"copyright protection to last forever. I am informed by staff that such a "
+"change would violate the Constitution. I invite all of you to work with me "
+"to strengthen our copyright laws in all of the ways available to us. As you "
+"know, there is also Jack Valenti's proposal for a term to last forever less "
+"one day. Perhaps the Committee may look at that next Congress,</quote> 144 "

 "Cong. Rec. H9946, 9951-2 (October 7, 1998)."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Cong. Rec. H9946, 9951-2 (October 7, 1998)."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10212
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11149

 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
 msgid ""
 "This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
 "memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "

-"Mary Bono, says, believed that \"copyrights should be forever.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Mary Bono, says, believed that <quote>copyrights should be "
+"forever.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11166
+msgid "felony punishment for infringement of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10228
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11167
+msgid "NET (No Electronic Theft) Act (1998)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11168
+msgid "No Electronic Theft (NET) Act (1998)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11169
+msgid "felony punishments for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11171

 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "
 msgid ""
 "Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
 "civil disobedience. In a series of interviews, Eldred announced that he "


@@ -12875,8 +15586,18 @@ msgid ""
 "dangerous strategy for a disabled programmer to undertake."
 msgstr ""
 
 "dangerous strategy for a disabled programmer to undertake."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11180 freeculture.xml:12117
+msgid "constitutional powers of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11183 freeculture.xml:11229
+msgid "Eldred case involvement of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11185

 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "
 msgid ""
 "It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
 "constitutional scholar whose first passion was constitutional "


@@ -12885,47 +15606,49 @@ msgid ""
 "different. As you know, the Constitution says,"
 msgstr ""
 
 "different. As you know, the Constitution says,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10248
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11196

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science . . .  by securing "
-"for limited Times to Authors . . . exclusive Right to their "
-". . . Writings. . . ."
+"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science &hellip; by "
+"securing for limited Times to Authors &hellip; exclusive Right to their "
+"&hellip; Writings. &hellip;"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10254
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11203

 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
 "to Congress simply says Congress has the power to do something&mdash;for "
 msgid ""
 "As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
 "Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
 "to Congress simply says Congress has the power to do something&mdash;for "

-"example, to regulate \"commerce among the several states\" or \"declare "
-"War.\" But here, the \"something\" is something quite specific&mdash;to "
-"\"promote . . . Progress\"&mdash;through means that are also specific&mdash; "
-"by \"securing\" \"exclusive Rights\" (i.e., copyrights) \"for limited "
-"Times.\""
+"example, to regulate <quote>commerce among the several states</quote> or "
+"<quote>declare War.</quote> But here, the <quote>something</quote> is "
+"something quite specific&mdash;to <quote>promote &hellip; "
+"Progress</quote>&mdash;through means that are also specific&mdash; by "
+"<quote>securing</quote> <quote>exclusive Rights</quote> (i.e., copyrights) "
+"<quote>for limited Times.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10273 freeculture.xml:11731
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11215 freeculture.xml:12711

 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10264
+#.  PAGE BREAK 223 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11217

 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
 "Congress has the power to extend existing terms, then the Constitution's "
 msgid ""
 "In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
 "existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
 "Congress has the power to extend existing terms, then the Constitution's "

-"requirement that terms be \"limited\" will have no practical effect. If "
-"every time a copyright is about to expire, Congress has the power to extend "
-"its term, then Congress can achieve what the Constitution plainly "
-"forbids&mdash;perpetual terms \"on the installment plan,\" as Professor "
-"Peter Jaszi so nicely put it.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"requirement that terms be <quote>limited</quote> will have no practical "
+"effect. If every time a copyright is about to expire, Congress has the power "
+"to extend its term, then Congress can achieve what the Constitution plainly "
+"forbids&mdash;perpetual terms <quote>on the installment plan,</quote> as "
+"Professor Peter Jaszi so nicely put it."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10276
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11231

 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "
 msgid ""
 "As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
 "late at the office, scouring on-line databases for any serious consideration "


@@ -12937,20 +15660,20 @@ msgid ""
 "Congress is quite happy to keep this gravy train going."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Congress is quite happy to keep this gravy train going."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10287
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11242

 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "
 msgid ""
 "For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of "

-"government. \"Corruption\" not in the sense that representatives are "
-"bribed.  Rather, \"corruption\" in the sense that the system induces the "
-"beneficiaries of Congress's acts to raise and give money to Congress to "
-"induce it to act. There's only so much time; there's only so much Congress "
-"can do. Why not limit its actions to those things it must do&mdash;and those "
-"things that pay? Extending copyright terms pays."
+"government. <quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives "
+"are bribed.  Rather, <quote>corruption</quote> in the sense that the system "
+"induces the beneficiaries of Congress's acts to raise and give money to "
+"Congress to induce it to act. There's only so much time; there's only so "
+"much Congress can do. Why not limit its actions to those things it must "
+"do&mdash;and those things that pay? Extending copyright terms pays."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10296
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11251

 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "
 msgid ""
 "If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
 "very few lucky copyright owners whose copyright continues to make money one "


@@ -12961,8 +15684,8 @@ msgid ""
 "Frost wrote could be published by anyone for free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Frost wrote could be published by anyone for free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10306
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11261

 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "
 msgid ""
 "So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
 "Frost's poems. And imagine the copyright for those poems is about to "


@@ -12971,81 +15694,83 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 224 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10313
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11268

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Next year,\" the adviser announces, \"our copyrights in works A, B, and C "
-"will expire. That means that after next year, we will no longer be receiving "
-"the annual royalty check of $100,000 from the publishers of those works."
+"<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
+"works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
+"longer be receiving the annual royalty check of $100,000 from the publishers "
+"of those works.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10321
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11276

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"There's a proposal in Congress, however,\" she continues, \"that could "
-"change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to extend the terms of "
-"copyright by twenty years. That bill would be extraordinarily valuable to "
-"us. So we should hope this bill passes.\""
+"<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
+"<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
+"extend the terms of copyright by twenty years. That bill would be "
+"extraordinarily valuable to us. So we should hope this bill passes.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11282

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Hope?\" a fellow board member says. \"Can't we be doing something about "
-"it?\""
+"<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
+"something about it?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10331
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11286

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Well, obviously, yes,\" the adviser responds. \"We could contribute to the "
-"campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure that they support "
-"the bill.\""
+"<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
+"contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
+"that they support the bill.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10336
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11291

 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
 msgid ""
 "You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "

-"whether this disgusting practice is worth it. \"How much would we get if "
-"this extension were passed?\" you ask the adviser. \"How much is it worth?\""
+"whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
+"if this extension were passed?</quote> you ask the adviser. <quote>How much "
+"is it worth?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10342
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11297

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Well,\" the adviser says, \"if you're confident that you will continue to "
-"get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you use the "
-"`discount rate' that we use to evaluate estate investments (6 percent), then "
-"this law would be worth $1,146,000 to the estate.\""
+"<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
+"will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
+"use the `discount rate' that we use to evaluate estate investments (6 "
+"percent), then this law would be worth $1,146,000 to the estate.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10348
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11303

 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
 "conclusion:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10352
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11307

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than $1,000,000 "
-"in campaign contributions if we were confident those contributions would "
-"assure that the bill was passed?\""
+"<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
+"$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
+"contributions would assure that the bill was passed?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10358
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11313

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Absolutely,\" the adviser responds. \"It is worth it to you to contribute "
-"up to the `present value' of the income you expect from these "
-"copyrights. Which for us means over $1,000,000.\""
+"<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
+"you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
+"these copyrights. Which for us means over $1,000,000.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 225 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10364
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11319

 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "
 msgid ""
 "You quickly get the point&mdash;you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
 "you the reader. Each time copyrights are about to expire, every beneficiary "


@@ -13056,8 +15781,8 @@ msgid ""
 "extended."
 msgstr ""
 
 "extended."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10375
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11330

 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "
 msgid ""
 "Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
 "bought (albeit indirectly), there will be all the incentive in the world to "


@@ -13065,84 +15790,86 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10388
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11342

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" Chicago "
-"Tribune, 17 October 1998, 22."
+"Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
+"Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10395
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11349

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</ulink>."
+"See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information "
+"Age,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#49</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10402
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11357

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" Congressional "
-"Quarterly This Week, 8 August 1990, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
+"Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10381
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11335

 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
 msgid ""
 "In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "

-"Extension Act, this \"theory\" about incentives was proved real. Ten of the "
-"thirteen original sponsors of the act in the House received the maximum "
-"contribution from Disney's political action committee; in the Senate, eight "
-"of the twelve sponsors received contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> The RIAA and the MPAA are estimated to have spent over $1.5 "
-"million lobbying in the 1998 election cycle. They paid out more than "
-"$200,000 in campaign contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"Disney is estimated to have contributed more than $800,000 to reelection "
-"campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10410
-msgid ""
-"Constitutional law is not oblivious to the obvious. Or at least, it need not "
-"be. So when I was considering Eldred's complaint, this reality about the "
-"never-ending incentives to increase the copyright term was central to my "
-"thinking. In my view, a pragmatic court committed to interpreting and "
-"applying the Constitution of our framers would see that if Congress has the "
-"power to extend existing terms, then there would be no effective "
-"constitutional requirement that terms be \"limited.\" If they could extend "
-"it once, they would extend it again and again and again."
+"Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved "
+"real. Ten of the thirteen original sponsors of the act in the House received "
+"the maximum contribution from Disney's political action committee; in the "
+"Senate, eight of the twelve sponsors received contributions.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The RIAA and the MPAA are estimated to have "
+"spent over $1.5 million lobbying in the 1998 election cycle. They paid out "
+"more than $200,000 in campaign contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Disney is estimated to have contributed more than $800,000 to "
+"reelection campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11364
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Constitutional law</emphasis> is not oblivious to "
+"the obvious. Or at least, it need not be. So when I was considering Eldred's "
+"complaint, this reality about the never-ending incentives to increase the "
+"copyright term was central to my thinking. In my view, a pragmatic court "
+"committed to interpreting and applying the Constitution of our framers would "
+"see that if Congress has the power to extend existing terms, then there "
+"would be no effective constitutional requirement that terms be "
+"<quote>limited.</quote> If they could extend it once, they would extend it "
+"again and again and again."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 226 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10423
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11379

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It was also my judgment that this Supreme Court would not allow Congress to "
-"extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme Court's work knows, "
-"this Court has increasingly restricted the power of Congress when it has "
-"viewed Congress's actions as exceeding the power granted to it by the "
-"Constitution. Among constitutional scholars, the most famous example of this "
-"trend was the Supreme Court's decision in 1995 to strike down a law that "
-"banned the possession of guns near schools."
+"It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
+"not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
+"Court's work knows, this Court has increasingly restricted the power of "
+"Congress when it has viewed Congress's actions as exceeding the power "
+"granted to it by the Constitution. Among constitutional scholars, the most "
+"famous example of this trend was the Supreme Court's decision in 1995 to "
+"strike down a law that banned the possession of guns near schools."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10436
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11392

 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
 msgid ""
 "Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
 "broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "

-"only \"commerce among the several states\" (aka \"interstate commerce\"), "
-"the Supreme Court had interpreted that power to include the power to "
-"regulate any activity that merely affected interstate commerce."
+"only <quote>commerce among the several states</quote> (aka <quote>interstate "
+"commerce</quote>), the Supreme Court had interpreted that power to include "
+"the power to regulate any activity that merely affected interstate commerce."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10446
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11402

 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "
 msgid ""
 "As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
 "limit to Congress's power to regulate, since just about every activity, when "


@@ -13151,47 +15878,57 @@ msgid ""
 "limit."
 msgstr ""
 
 "limit."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10455
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11408 freeculture.xml:12198
+msgid "Rehnquist, William H."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11410

 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "

-"United States v. Lopez. The government had argued that possessing guns near "
-"schools affected interstate commerce. Guns near schools increase crime, "
-"crime lowers property values, and so on. In the oral argument, the Chief "
-"Justice asked the government whether there was any activity that would not "
-"affect interstate commerce under the reasoning the government advanced. The "
-"government said there was not; if Congress says an activity affects "
-"interstate commerce, then that activity affects interstate commerce. The "
-"Supreme Court, the government said, was not in the position to second-guess "
-"Congress."
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
+"government had argued that possessing guns near schools affected interstate "
+"commerce. Guns near schools increase crime, crime lowers property values, "
+"and so on. In the oral argument, the Chief Justice asked the government "
+"whether there was any activity that would not affect interstate commerce "
+"under the reasoning the government advanced. The government said there was "
+"not; if Congress says an activity affects interstate commerce, then that "
+"activity affects interstate commerce. The Supreme Court, the government "
+"said, was not in the position to second-guess Congress."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10471
-msgid "United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11425
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 "
+"U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f7. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10477
-msgid "United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11432
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
+"U.S. 598 (2000)."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10468
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11423

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"We pause to consider the implications of the government's arguments,\" the "
-"Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If anything "
-"Congress says is interstate commerce must therefore be considered interstate "
-"commerce, then there would be no limit to Congress's power. The decision in "
-"Lopez was reaffirmed five years later in United States "
-"v. Morrison.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's "
+"arguments,</quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> If anything Congress says is interstate commerce must therefore "
+"be considered interstate commerce, then there would be no limit to "
+"Congress's power. The decision in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> was "
+"reaffirmed five years later in <citetitle>United States</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10484
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11439

 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "
 msgid ""
 "If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
 "from one enumerated power to another. The animating point in the context of "


@@ -13200,81 +15937,90 @@ msgid ""
 "limitation to interstate commerce notwithstanding. The same point is true in "
 "the context of the Copyright Clause. Here, too, the government's "
 "interpretation would allow the government unending power to regulate "
 "limitation to interstate commerce notwithstanding. The same point is true in "
 "the context of the Copyright Clause. Here, too, the government's "
 "interpretation would allow the government unending power to regulate "

-"copyrights&mdash;the limitation to \"limited times\" notwithstanding."
+"copyrights&mdash;the limitation to <quote>limited times</quote> "
+"notwithstanding."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 227 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10482
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11436

 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> And if it is applied to the Progress Clause, the principle should "
 "yield the conclusion that Congress can't extend an existing term. If "
 msgid ""
 "If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
 "Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> And if it is applied to the Progress Clause, the principle should "
 "yield the conclusion that Congress can't extend an existing term. If "

-"Congress could extend an existing term, then there would be no \"stopping "
-"point\" to Congress's power over terms, though the Constitution expressly "
-"states that there is such a limit. Thus, the same principle applied to the "
-"power to grant copyrights should entail that Congress is not allowed to "
-"extend the term of existing copyrights."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10508
-msgid ""
-"If, that is, the principle announced in Lopez stood for a principle.  Many "
-"believed the decision in Lopez stood for politics&mdash;a conservative "
-"Supreme Court, which believed in states' rights, using its power over "
-"Congress to advance its own personal political preferences. But I rejected "
-"that view of the Supreme Court's decision. Indeed, shortly after the "
-"decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the \"fidelity\" in such an "
-"interpretation of the Constitution. The idea that the Supreme Court decides "
-"cases based upon its politics struck me as extraordinarily boring.  I was "
-"not going to devote my life to teaching constitutional law if these nine "
-"Justices were going to be petty politicians."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10522
-msgid ""
-"Now let's pause for a moment to make sure we understand what the argument in "
-"Eldred was not about. By insisting on the Constitution's limits to "
-"copyright, obviously Eldred was not endorsing piracy.  Indeed, in an obvious "
-"sense, he was fighting a kind of piracy&mdash;piracy of the public "
-"domain. When Robert Frost wrote his work and when Walt Disney created Mickey "
-"Mouse, the maximum copyright term was just fifty-six years. Because of "
-"interim changes, Frost and Disney had already enjoyed a seventy-five-year "
-"monopoly for their work. They had gotten the benefit of the bargain that the "
-"Constitution envisions: In exchange for a monopoly protected for fifty-six "
-"years, they created new work. But now these entities were using their "
+"Congress could extend an existing term, then there would be no "
+"<quote>stopping point</quote> to Congress's power over terms, though the "
+"Constitution expressly states that there is such a limit. Thus, the same "
+"principle applied to the power to grant copyrights should entail that "
+"Congress is not allowed to extend the term of existing copyrights."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11460
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle.  Many believed the "
+"decision in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for politics&mdash;a "
+"conservative Supreme Court, which believed in states' rights, using its "
+"power over Congress to advance its own personal political preferences. But I "
+"rejected that view of the Supreme Court's decision. Indeed, shortly after "
+"the decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the <quote>fidelity</quote> "
+"in such an interpretation of the Constitution. The idea that the Supreme "
+"Court decides cases based upon its politics struck me as extraordinarily "
+"boring.  I was not going to devote my life to teaching constitutional law if "
+"these nine Justices were going to be petty politicians."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11477
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Now let's pause</emphasis> for a moment to make sure "
+"we understand what the argument in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not "
+"about. By insisting on the Constitution's limits to copyright, obviously "
+"Eldred was not endorsing piracy.  Indeed, in an obvious sense, he was "
+"fighting a kind of piracy&mdash;piracy of the public domain. When Robert "
+"Frost wrote his work and when Walt Disney created Mickey Mouse, the maximum "
+"copyright term was just fifty-six years. Because of interim changes, Frost "
+"and Disney had already enjoyed a seventy-five-year monopoly for their "
+"work. They had gotten the benefit of the bargain that the Constitution "
+"envisions: In exchange for a monopoly protected for fifty-six years, they "
+"created new work. But now these entities were using their "

 "power&mdash;expressed through the power of lobbyists' money&mdash;to get "
 "another twenty-year dollop of monopoly. That twenty-year dollop would be "
 "taken from the public domain. Eric Eldred was fighting a piracy that affects "
 "us all."
 msgstr ""
 
 "power&mdash;expressed through the power of lobbyists' money&mdash;to get "
 "another twenty-year dollop of monopoly. That twenty-year dollop would be "
 "taken from the public domain. Eric Eldred was fighting a piracy that affects "
 "us all."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11494
+msgid "Nashville Songwriters Association"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f9. 
 #.  f9. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10545
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11502

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 "
-"U.S.  186 (2003) (No. 01-618), n.10, available at <ulink "
+"Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, "
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  "
+"186 (2003) (No. 01-618), n.10, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #51</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #51</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10540
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11496

 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
 msgid ""
 "Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
 "Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "

-"domain is nothing more than \"legal piracy.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> But it is not piracy when the law allows it; and in our "
-"constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the "
+"domain is nothing more than <quote>legal piracy.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it is not piracy when the law allows it; "
+"and in our constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the "

 "Constitution's requirements, but that doesn't make the Constitution a "
 "pirate's charter."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Constitution's requirements, but that doesn't make the Constitution a "
 "pirate's charter."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10555
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11512

 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "
 msgid ""
 "As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
 "way to assure that copyright holders do not too heavily influence the "


@@ -13285,31 +16031,33 @@ msgid ""
 "as Congress is free to be bought to extend them again."
 msgstr ""
 
 "as Congress is free to be bought to extend them again."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10567
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11524

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It is valuable copyrights that are responsible for terms being extended.  "
-"Mickey Mouse and \"Rhapsody in Blue.\" These works are too valuable for "
-"copyright owners to ignore. But the real harm to our society from copyright "
-"extensions is not that Mickey Mouse remains Disney's.  Forget Mickey "
-"Mouse. Forget Robert Frost. Forget all the works from the 1920s and 1930s "
-"that have continuing commercial value. The real harm of term extension comes "
-"not from these famous works. The real harm is to the works that are not "
-"famous, not commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>It is valuable</emphasis> copyrights that are "
+"responsible for terms being extended.  Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in "
+"Blue.</quote> These works are too valuable for copyright owners to "
+"ignore. But the real harm to our society from copyright extensions is not "
+"that Mickey Mouse remains Disney's.  Forget Mickey Mouse. Forget Robert "
+"Frost. Forget all the works from the 1920s and 1930s that have continuing "
+"commercial value. The real harm of term extension comes not from these "
+"famous works. The real harm is to the works that are not famous, not "
+"commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f10. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10588
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11542

 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "
 msgid ""
 "The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
 "Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal "

-"ranges. See Brief of Petitioners, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 7, available at <ulink "
+"ranges. See Brief of Petitioners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 7, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #52</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #52</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10582
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11536

 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
 msgid ""
 "If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
 "affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "


@@ -13320,8 +16068,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 229 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10597
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11551

 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "
 msgid ""
 "Think practically about the consequence of this extension&mdash;practically, "
 "as a businessperson, and not as a lawyer eager for more legal work. In 1930, "


@@ -13331,8 +16079,8 @@ msgid ""
 "have to do?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "have to do?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10609
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11564

 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "
 msgid ""
 "Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
 "under copyright. That requires going to a library (these data are not "


@@ -13342,23 +16090,23 @@ msgid ""
 "under copyright."
 msgstr ""
 
 "under copyright."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10617
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11572

 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
 "current copyright owners. How would you do that?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10621
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11576

 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
 "thousands of government monopolies without there being at least a list?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
 "somewhere. Practical people think this way. How could there be thousands and "
 "thousands of government monopolies without there being at least a list?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10628
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11583

 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "
 msgid ""
 "But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
 "the person who registered the copyright. But just think practically about "


@@ -13367,27 +16115,28 @@ msgid ""
 "the current owner. And we're just talking about 1930!"
 msgstr ""
 
 "the current owner. And we're just talking about 1930!"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10637
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11592

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,\" the apologists "
-"for the system respond. \"Why should there be a list of copyright owners?\""
+"<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
+"apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
+"copyright owners?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11597

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Well, actually, if you think about it, there are plenty of lists of who owns "
-"what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles to cars.  And where "
-"there isn't a list, the code of real space is pretty good at suggesting who "
-"the owner of a bit of property is. (A swing set in your backyard is probably "
-"yours.) So formally or informally, we have a pretty good way to know who "
-"owns what tangible property."
+"Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
+"of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
+"to cars.  And where there isn't a list, the code of real space is pretty "
+"good at suggesting who the owner of a bit of property is. (A swing set in "
+"your backyard is probably yours.) So formally or informally, we have a "
+"pretty good way to know who owns what tangible property."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 230 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10652
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11606

 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "
 msgid ""
 "So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
 "by looking it up in the courthouse registry. If you see a car, there is "


@@ -13400,8 +16149,8 @@ msgid ""
 "proves the rule: that we ordinarily know quite well who owns what property."
 msgstr ""
 
 "proves the rule: that we ordinarily know quite well who owns what property."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10667
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11621

 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "
 msgid ""
 "Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library.  The "
 "library owns the books. But who owns the copyrights? As I've already "


@@ -13414,45 +16163,62 @@ msgid ""
 "to be used."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to be used."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10679
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11633

 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
 "creative works is much more dire."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
 "and hence will simply rot away on shelves. But the consequence for other "
 "creative works is much more dire."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10684
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11638

 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Agee, Michael"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11639 freeculture.xml:12074
+msgid "Hal Roach Studios"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11640
+msgid "Laurel and Hardy Films"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11641
+msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f11. 
 #.  f11. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11654

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See David G. Savage, \"High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,\" Los "
-"Angeles Times, 6 October 2002; David Streitfeld, \"Classic Movies, Songs, "
-"Books at Stake; Supreme Court Hears Arguments Today on Striking Down "
-"Copyright Extension,\" Orlando Sentinel Tribune, 9 October 2002."
+"See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright "
+"Law,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
+"Streitfeld, <quote>Classic Movies, Songs, Books at Stake; Supreme Court "
+"Hears Arguments Today on Striking Down Copyright Extension,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</citetitle>, 9 October 2002."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10686
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11643

 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
 "beneficiary of the Bono Act. The Laurel and Hardy films were made between "
 msgid ""
 "Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
 "owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
 "beneficiary of the Bono Act. The Laurel and Hardy films were made between "

-"1921 and 1951. Only one of these films, The Lucky Dog, is currently out of "
-"copyright. But for the CTEA, films made after 1923 would have begun entering "
-"the public domain. Because Agee controls the exclusive rights for these "
-"popular films, he makes a great deal of money. According to one estimate, "
-"\"Roach has sold about 60,000 videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's "
-"silent films.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"1921 and 1951. Only one of these films, <citetitle>The Lucky "
+"Dog</citetitle>, is currently out of copyright. But for the CTEA, films made "
+"after 1923 would have begun entering the public domain. Because Agee "
+"controls the exclusive rights for these popular films, he makes a great deal "
+"of money. According to one estimate, <quote>Roach has sold about 60,000 "
+"videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's silent "
+"films.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10705
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11661

 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "
 msgid ""
 "Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
 "culture: selflessness. He argued in a brief before the Supreme Court that "


@@ -13461,8 +16227,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 231 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10711
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11667

 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "
 msgid ""
 "His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
 "continuing commercial value. The rest&mdash;to the extent it survives at "


@@ -13473,29 +16239,31 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10728
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11685

 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
 msgid ""
 "Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "

-"Petitoners, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01- 618), 12. See "
-"also Brief of Amicus Curiae filed on behalf of Petitioners by the Internet "
-"Archive, Eldred v. Ashcroft, available at <ulink "
+"Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01- 618), "
+"12. See also Brief of Amicus Curiae filed on behalf of Petitioners by the "
+"Internet Archive, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #53</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #53</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10722
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11678

 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
 "technology has lowered these costs substantially. While it cost more than "
 "$10,000 to restore a ninety-minute black-and-white film in 1993, it can now "
 msgid ""
 "We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs.  For most "
 "of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
 "technology has lowered these costs substantially. While it cost more than "
 "$10,000 to restore a ninety-minute black-and-white film in 1993, it can now "

-"cost as little as $100 to digitize one hour of mm film.<placeholder "
+"cost as little as $100 to digitize one hour of 8 mm film.<placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10738
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11695

 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "
 msgid ""
 "Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important.  "
 "Lawyers, too, are a cost, and increasingly, a very important one. In "


@@ -13504,21 +16272,22 @@ msgid ""
 "locate the copyright owner."
 msgstr ""
 
 "locate the copyright owner."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10746
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11703

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Or more accurately, owners. As we've seen, there isn't only a single "
-"copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't a single "
-"person whom you can contact about those copyrights; there are as many as can "
-"hold the rights, which turns out to be an extremely large number. Thus the "
-"costs of clearing the rights to these films is exceptionally high."
+"Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
+"only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
+"a single person whom you can contact about those copyrights; there are as "
+"many as can hold the rights, which turns out to be an extremely large "
+"number. Thus the costs of clearing the rights to these films is "
+"exceptionally high."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11711

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
-"copyright owner when she shows up?\" Sure, if you want to commit a "
+"<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
+"copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "

 "felony. And even if you're not worried about committing a felony, when she "
 "does show up, she'll have the right to sue you for all the profits you have "
 "made. So, if you're successful, you can be fairly confident you'll be "
 "felony. And even if you're not worried about committing a felony, when she "
 "does show up, she'll have the right to sue you for all the profits you have "
 "made. So, if you're successful, you can be fairly confident you'll be "


@@ -13529,8 +16298,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 232 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10766
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11722

 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "
 msgid ""
 "For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
 "costs. But for the vast majority of them, there is no way the benefit would "


@@ -13539,8 +16308,8 @@ msgid ""
 "expires."
 msgstr ""
 
 "expires."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10776
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11733

 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "
 msgid ""
 "But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
 "expired. These films were produced on nitrate-based stock, and nitrate stock "


@@ -13548,18 +16317,19 @@ msgid ""
 "they are now stored will be filled with nothing more than dust."
 msgstr ""
 
 "they are now stored will be filled with nothing more than dust."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11741

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Of all the creative work produced by humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has "
-"continuing commercial value. For that tiny fraction, the copyright is a "
-"crucially important legal device. For that tiny fraction, the copyright "
-"creates incentives to produce and distribute the creative work. For that "
-"tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an \"engine of free expression.\""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Of all the</emphasis> creative work produced by "
+"humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has continuing commercial value. For that "
+"tiny fraction, the copyright is a crucially important legal device. For that "
+"tiny fraction, the copyright creates incentives to produce and distribute "
+"the creative work. For that tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an "
+"<quote>engine of free expression.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10793
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11749

 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "
 msgid ""
 "But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
 "work has a commercial life is extremely short. As I've indicated, most books "


@@ -13569,8 +16339,8 @@ msgid ""
 "commercial life ends."
 msgstr ""
 
 "commercial life ends."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10803
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11759

 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "
 msgid ""
 "Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
 "libraries of books in order to compete with Barnes &amp; Noble, and we don't "


@@ -13583,29 +16353,29 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 233 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11772

 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
 "context do no good."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression.  In "
 "this context, there is no need for an exclusive right. Copyrights in this "
 "context do no good."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10823
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11779

 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
 msgid ""
 "Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
 "history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "

-"copyright-related use that would be inhibited by an exclusive right.  When a "
-"book went out of print, you could not buy it from a publisher.  But you "
-"could still buy it from a used book store, and when a used book store sells "
-"it, in America, at least, there is no need to pay the copyright owner "
-"anything. Thus, the ordinary use of a book after its commercial life ended "
-"was a use that was independent of copyright law."
+"<emphasis>copyright-related use</emphasis> that would be inhibited by an "
+"exclusive right.  When a book went out of print, you could not buy it from a "
+"publisher.  But you could still buy it from a used book store, and when a "
+"used book store sells it, in America, at least, there is no need to pay the "
+"copyright owner anything. Thus, the ordinary use of a book after its "
+"commercial life ended was a use that was independent of copyright law."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10833
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11790

 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "
 msgid ""
 "The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
 "film&mdash;the real economic costs, not the lawyer costs&mdash;were so high, "


@@ -13615,8 +16385,8 @@ msgid ""
 "of its life so long as the market didn't have more to offer."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of its life so long as the market didn't have more to offer."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10842
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11799

 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "
 msgid ""
 "In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
 "history, long copyrights wouldn't have mattered for the works that lost "


@@ -13624,13 +16394,13 @@ msgid ""
 "interfered with anything."
 msgstr ""
 
 "interfered with anything."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10848
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11805

 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "But this situation has now changed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10851
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11809

 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "
 msgid ""
 "One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
 "is to enable the archive that Brewster Kahle dreams of.  Digital "


@@ -13644,8 +16414,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 234 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10864
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11822

 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "
 msgid ""
 "And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
 "digital archive of our culture infringes on the exclusive right of "


@@ -13657,76 +16427,80 @@ msgid ""
 "radically different context."
 msgstr ""
 
 "radically different context."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10874
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11832

 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
 msgid ""
 "Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
 "technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "

-"the way. And it doesn't get in the way for any useful copyright purpose, for "
-"the purpose of copyright is to enable the commercial market that spreads "
-"culture. No, we are talking about culture after it has lived its commercial "
-"life. In this context, copyright is serving no purpose at all related to the "
-"spread of knowledge. In this context, copyright is not an engine of free "
+"the way. And it doesn't get in the way for any useful "
+"<emphasis>copyright</emphasis> purpose, for the purpose of copyright is to "
+"enable the commercial market that spreads culture. No, we are talking about "
+"culture after it has lived its commercial life. In this context, copyright "
+"is serving no purpose <emphasis>at all</emphasis> related to the spread of "
+"knowledge. In this context, copyright is not an engine of free "

 "expression. Copyright is a brake."
 msgstr ""
 
 "expression. Copyright is a brake."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10885
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11843

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"You may well ask, \"But if digital technologies lower the costs for Brewster "
-"Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So won't "
-"Random House do as well as Brewster Kahle in spreading culture widely?\""
+"You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
+"Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too.  So "
+"won't Random House do as well as Brewster Kahle in spreading culture "
+"widely?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10891
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11849

 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
 "to lend books from its stores for a low price, would that eliminate the need "
 "for libraries? Only if you think that the only role of a library is to serve "
 msgid ""
 "Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
 "publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes &amp; Noble offered "
 "to lend books from its stores for a low price, would that eliminate the need "
 "for libraries? Only if you think that the only role of a library is to serve "

-"what \"the market\" would demand. But if you think the role of a library is "
-"bigger than this&mdash;if you think its role is to archive culture, whether "
-"there's a demand for any particular bit of that culture or not&mdash;then we "
-"can't count on the commercial market to do our library work for us."
+"what <quote>the market</quote> would demand. But if you think the role of a "
+"library is bigger than this&mdash;if you think its role is to archive "
+"culture, whether there's a demand for any particular bit of that culture or "
+"not&mdash;then we can't count on the commercial market to do our library "
+"work for us."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11873

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
-"December 2002, available at <ulink "
+"Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
+"20 December 2002, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #54</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #54</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10902
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11861

 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
 "message is absolutely not antimarket. But where we see the market is not "
 "doing the job, then we should allow nonmarket forces the freedom to fill the "
 "gaps. As one researcher calculated for American culture, 94 percent of the "
 msgid ""
 "I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
 "rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
 "message is absolutely not antimarket. But where we see the market is not "
 "doing the job, then we should allow nonmarket forces the freedom to fill the "
 "gaps. As one researcher calculated for American culture, 94 percent of the "

-"films, books, and music produced between and 1946 is not commercially "
+"films, books, and music produced between 1923 and 1946 is not commercially "

 "available. However much you love the commercial market, if access is a "
 "value, then 6 percent is a failure to provide that value.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "available. However much you love the commercial market, if access is a "
 "value, then 6 percent is a failure to provide that value.<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10921
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11880

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In January 1999, we filed a lawsuit on Eric Eldred's behalf in federal "
-"district court in Washington, D.C., asking the court to declare the Sonny "
-"Bono Copyright Term Extension Act unconstitutional. The two central claims "
-"that we made were (1) that extending existing terms violated the "
-"Constitution's \"limited Times\" requirement, and (2) that extending terms "
-"by another twenty years violated the First Amendment."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In January 1999</emphasis>, we filed a lawsuit on "
+"Eric Eldred's behalf in federal district court in Washington, D.C., asking "
+"the court to declare the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act "
+"unconstitutional. The two central claims that we made were (1)  that "
+"extending existing terms violated the Constitution's <quote>limited "
+"Times</quote> requirement, and (2) that extending terms by another twenty "
+"years violated the First Amendment."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11889

 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "
 msgid ""
 "The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument.  A "
 "panel of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit also dismissed our "


@@ -13735,31 +16509,37 @@ msgid ""
 "court. That dissent gave our claims life."
 msgstr ""
 
 "court. That dissent gave our claims life."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10936
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11896

 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
 msgid ""
 "Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "

-"be for \"limited Times\" only. His argument was as elegant as it was simple: "
-"If Congress can extend existing terms, then there is no \"stopping point\" "
-"to Congress's power under the Copyright Clause. The power to extend existing "
-"terms means Congress is not required to grant terms that are \"limited.\" "
-"Thus, Judge Sentelle argued, the court had to interpret the term \"limited "
-"Times\" to give it meaning. And the best interpretation, Judge Sentelle "
-"argued, would be to deny Congress the power to extend existing terms."
+"be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
+"was simple: If Congress can extend existing terms, then there is no "
+"<quote>stopping point</quote> to Congress's power under the Copyright "
+"Clause. The power to extend existing terms means Congress is not required to "
+"grant terms that are <quote>limited.</quote> Thus, Judge Sentelle argued, "
+"the court had to interpret the term <quote>limited Times</quote> to give it "
+"meaning. And the best interpretation, Judge Sentelle argued, would be to "
+"deny Congress the power to extend existing terms."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10947
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11907

 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
 "cases or cases that raise issues specific to the circuit as a whole, where "
 msgid ""
 "We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
 "case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
 "cases or cases that raise issues specific to the circuit as a whole, where "

-"the court will sit \"en banc\" to hear the case."
+"the court will sit <quote>en banc</quote> to hear the case."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11912
+msgid "Tatel, David"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 236 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10953
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11914

 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "
 msgid ""
 "The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc.  This "
 "time, Judge Sentelle was joined by the most liberal member of the "


@@ -13768,8 +16548,8 @@ msgid ""
 "bounds."
 msgstr ""
 
 "bounds."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10962
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11923

 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "
 msgid ""
 "It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
 "Court rarely reviews any decision by a court of appeals. (It hears about one "


@@ -13778,86 +16558,87 @@ msgid ""
 "court has yet reviewed the statute."
 msgstr ""
 
 "court has yet reviewed the statute."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10969
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11930

 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
 "2002. The summer would be spent writing briefs and preparing for argument."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
 "petition to review the D.C. Circuit opinion. Argument was set for October of "
 "2002. The summer would be spent writing briefs and preparing for argument."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10975
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11936

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It is over a year later as I write these words. It is still astonishingly "
-"hard. If you know anything at all about this story, you know that we lost "
-"the appeal. And if you know something more than just the minimum, you "
-"probably think there was no way this case could have been won. After our "
-"defeat, I received literally thousands of missives by well-wishers and "
-"supporters, thanking me for my work on behalf of this noble but doomed "
-"cause. And none from this pile was more significant to me than the e-mail "
-"from my client, Eric Eldred."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>It is over</emphasis> a year later as I write these "
+"words. It is still astonishingly hard. If you know anything at all about "
+"this story, you know that we lost the appeal. And if you know something more "
+"than just the minimum, you probably think there was no way this case could "
+"have been won. After our defeat, I received literally thousands of missives "
+"by well-wishers and supporters, thanking me for my work on behalf of this "
+"noble but doomed cause. And none from this pile was more significant to me "
+"than the e-mail from my client, Eric Eldred."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10985
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11947

 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
 "story to myself, I can never escape believing that my own mistake lost it."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been "
 "won. It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this "
 "story to myself, I can never escape believing that my own mistake lost it."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10990 freeculture.xml:11004
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11952 freeculture.xml:11966

 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 
 msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 237 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:10992
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11954

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The mistake was made early, though it became obvious only at the very "
-"end. Our case had been supported from the very beginning by an extraordinary "
-"lawyer, Geoffrey Stewart, and by the law firm he had moved to, Jones, Day, "
-"Reavis and Pogue. Jones Day took a great deal of heat from its "
-"copyright-protectionist clients for supporting us. They ignored this "
-"pressure (something that few law firms today would ever do), and throughout "
-"the case, they gave it everything they could."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The mistake</emphasis> was made early, though it "
+"became obvious only at the very end. Our case had been supported from the "
+"very beginning by an extraordinary lawyer, Geoffrey Stewart, and by the law "
+"firm he had moved to, Jones, Day, Reavis and Pogue. Jones Day took a great "
+"deal of heat from its copyright-protectionist clients for supporting "
+"us. They ignored this pressure (something that few law firms today would "
+"ever do), and throughout the case, they gave it everything they could."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11002 freeculture.xml:11343 freeculture.xml:11358 freeculture.xml:11452 freeculture.xml:11674 freeculture.xml:11705 freeculture.xml:11792
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11964 freeculture.xml:12327 freeculture.xml:12343 freeculture.xml:12440 freeculture.xml:12660 freeculture.xml:12691 freeculture.xml:12790

 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ayer, Don"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11003
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:11965

 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11006
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11968

 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
 "involved. Bromberg and Ayer in particular had a common view about how this "
 "case would be won: We would only win, they repeatedly told me, if we could "
 msgid ""
 "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
 "the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite "
 "involved. Bromberg and Ayer in particular had a common view about how this "
 "case would be won: We would only win, they repeatedly told me, if we could "

-"make the issue seem \"important\" to the Supreme Court. It had to seem as if "
-"dramatic harm were being done to free speech and free culture; otherwise, "
-"they would never vote against \"the most powerful media companies in the "
-"world.\""
+"make the issue seem <quote>important</quote> to the Supreme Court. It had to "
+"seem as if dramatic harm were being done to free speech and free culture; "
+"otherwise, they would never vote against <quote>the most powerful media "
+"companies in the world.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11978

 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
 "is. But the idea that the Supreme Court decides the law based on how "
 msgid ""
 "I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
 "dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
 "is. But the idea that the Supreme Court decides the law based on how "

-"important they believe the issues are is just wrong. It might be \"right\" "
-"as in \"true,\" I thought, but it is \"wrong\" as in \"it just shouldn't be "
-"that way.\" As I believed that any faithful interpretation of what the "
-"framers of our Constitution did would yield the conclusion that the CTEA was "
+"important they believe the issues are is just wrong. It might be "
+"<quote>right</quote> as in <quote>true,</quote> I thought, but it is "
+"<quote>wrong</quote> as in <quote>it just shouldn't be that way.</quote> As "
+"I believed that any faithful interpretation of what the framers of our "
+"Constitution did would yield the conclusion that the CTEA was "

 "unconstitutional, and as I believed that any faithful interpretation of what "
 "the First Amendment means would yield the conclusion that the power to "
 "extend existing copyright terms is unconstitutional, I was not persuaded "
 "unconstitutional, and as I believed that any faithful interpretation of what "
 "the First Amendment means would yield the conclusion that the power to "
 "extend existing copyright terms is unconstitutional, I was not persuaded "


@@ -13869,8 +16650,8 @@ msgid ""
 "put in the Constitution."
 msgstr ""
 
 "put in the Constitution."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:11999

 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "
 msgid ""
 "In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
 "caused by this sort of law. Why else would they grant review? There was no "


@@ -13880,8 +16661,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 238 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11045
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12007

 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "
 msgid ""
 "There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
 "which I thought a response was appropriate. I was convinced that the Court "


@@ -13892,32 +16673,42 @@ msgid ""
 "the case was not to demonstrate how bad the Sonny Bono Act was but to "
 "demonstrate that it was unconstitutional, my hope was to make this argument "
 "against a background of briefs that covered the full range of political "
 "the case was not to demonstrate how bad the Sonny Bono Act was but to "
 "demonstrate that it was unconstitutional, my hope was to make this argument "
 "against a background of briefs that covered the full range of political "

-"views. To show that this claim against the CTEA was grounded in law and not "
-"politics, then, we tried to gather the widest range of credible "
-"critics&mdash;credible not because they were rich and famous, but because "
-"they, in the aggregate, demonstrated that this law was unconstitutional "
-"regardless of one's politics."
+"views. To show that this claim against the CTEA was grounded in "
+"<emphasis>law</emphasis> and not politics, then, we tried to gather the "
+"widest range of credible critics&mdash;credible not because they were rich "
+"and famous, but because they, in the aggregate, demonstrated that this law "
+"was unconstitutional regardless of one's politics."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12025 freeculture.xml:12052
+msgid "Eagle Forum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12026
+msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11064
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12028

 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
 "Mrs. Schlafly viewed the CTEA as a sellout by Congress. In November 1998, "
 "she wrote a stinging editorial attacking the Republican Congress for "
 msgid ""
 "The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
 "Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning.  "
 "Mrs. Schlafly viewed the CTEA as a sellout by Congress. In November 1998, "
 "she wrote a stinging editorial attacking the Republican Congress for "

-"allowing the law to pass. As she wrote, \"Do you sometimes wonder why bills "
-"that create a financial windfall to narrow special interests slide easily "
-"through the intricate legislative process, while bills that benefit the "
-"general public seem to get bogged down?\" The answer, as the editorial "
-"documented, was the power of money.  Schlafly enumerated Disney's "
+"allowing the law to pass. As she wrote, <quote>Do you sometimes wonder why "
+"bills that create a financial windfall to narrow special interests slide "
+"easily through the intricate legislative process, while bills that benefit "
+"the general public seem to get bogged down?</quote> The answer, as the "
+"editorial documented, was the power of money.  Schlafly enumerated Disney's "

 "contributions to the key players on the committees. It was money, not "
 "justice, that gave Mickey Mouse twenty more years in Disney's control, "
 "Schlafly argued."
 msgstr ""
 
 "contributions to the key players on the committees. It was money, not "
 "justice, that gave Mickey Mouse twenty more years in Disney's control, "
 "Schlafly argued."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11080
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12042

 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "
 msgid ""
 "In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
 "our position. Their brief made the argument that became the core claim in "


@@ -13927,12 +16718,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 239 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11089
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12054

 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
 msgid ""
 "In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
 "gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "

-"Foundation (home of the GNU project that made GNU/ Linux possible). They "
+"Foundation (home of the GNU project that made GNU/Linux possible). They "

 "included a powerful brief about the costs of uncertainty by Intel. There "
 "were two law professors' briefs, one by copyright scholars and one by First "
 "Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the "
 "included a powerful brief about the costs of uncertainty by Intel. There "
 "were two law professors' briefs, one by copyright scholars and one by First "
 "Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the "


@@ -13940,8 +16731,18 @@ msgid ""
 "was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments."
 msgstr ""
 
 "was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11102
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12066
+msgid "American Association of Law Libraries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12067
+msgid "National Writers Union"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12069

 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "
 msgid ""
 "Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
 "there were a number of powerful briefs by libraries and archives, including "


@@ -13949,8 +16750,8 @@ msgid ""
 "National Writers Union."
 msgstr ""
 
 "National Writers Union."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11108
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12076

 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "
 msgid ""
 "But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
 "already described: A brief by Hal Roach Studios argued that unless the law "


@@ -13958,33 +16759,33 @@ msgid ""
 "made the economic argument absolutely clear."
 msgstr ""
 
 "made the economic argument absolutely clear."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11114
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12082

 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Akerlof, George"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12083

 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11116
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12084

 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Buchanan, James"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12085

 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Coase, Ronald"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11118
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12086

 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Friedman, Milton"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11120
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12088

 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "
 msgid ""
 "This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
 "Nobel Prize winners, including Ronald Coase, James Buchanan, Milton "


@@ -13992,18 +16793,34 @@ msgid ""
 "Nobel winners demonstrates, spanned the political spectrum. Their "
 "conclusions were powerful: There was no plausible claim that extending the "
 "terms of existing copyrights would do anything to increase incentives to "
 "Nobel winners demonstrates, spanned the political spectrum. Their "
 "conclusions were powerful: There was no plausible claim that extending the "
 "terms of existing copyrights would do anything to increase incentives to "

-"create. Such extensions were nothing more than \"rent-seeking\"&mdash;the "
-"fancy term economists use to describe special-interest legislation gone "
-"wild."
+"create. Such extensions were nothing more than "
+"<quote>rent-seeking</quote>&mdash;the fancy term economists use to describe "
+"special-interest legislation gone wild."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11143 freeculture.xml:11156 freeculture.xml:11349 freeculture.xml:11710
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12098 freeculture.xml:12116 freeculture.xml:12329 freeculture.xml:12692

 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Fried, Charles"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11131
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12099
+msgid "Morrison, Alan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12100
+msgid "Public Citizen"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12101 freeculture.xml:12328 freeculture.xml:13478
+msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  PAGE BREAK 240 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12103

 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "
 msgid ""
 "The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
 "write our briefs in the case. The Jones Day lawyers had been with us from "


@@ -14013,12 +16830,16 @@ msgid ""
 "history with a series of seminal victories in the Supreme Court defending "
 "individual rights; my colleague and dean, Kathleen Sullivan, who had argued "
 "many cases in the Court, and who had advised us early on about a First "
 "history with a series of seminal victories in the Supreme Court defending "
 "individual rights; my colleague and dean, Kathleen Sullivan, who had argued "
 "many cases in the Court, and who had advised us early on about a First "

-"Amendment strategy; and finally, former solicitor general Charles Fried.  "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Amendment strategy; and finally, former solicitor general Charles Fried."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12118
+msgid "Commerce Clause of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12120

 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "
 msgid ""
 "Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
 "general was hired by the other side to defend Congress's power to give media "


@@ -14028,21 +16849,21 @@ msgid ""
 "Court. He had helped craft the line of cases that limited Congress's power "
 "in the context of the Commerce Clause. And while he had argued many "
 "positions in the Supreme Court that I personally disagreed with, his joining "
 "Court. He had helped craft the line of cases that limited Congress's power "
 "in the context of the Commerce Clause. And while he had argued many "
 "positions in the Supreme Court that I personally disagreed with, his joining "

-"the cause was a vote of confidence in our argument.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"the cause was a vote of confidence in our argument."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11159
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12132

 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
 msgid ""
 "The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "

-"well. Significantly, however, none of these \"friends\" included historians "
-"or economists. The briefs on the other side of the case were written "
-"exclusively by major media companies, congressmen, and copyright holders."
+"well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
+"historians or economists. The briefs on the other side of the case were "
+"written exclusively by major media companies, congressmen, and copyright "
+"holders."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11166
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12139

 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "
 msgid ""
 "The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
 "law. The congressmen were not surprising either&mdash;they were defending "


@@ -14052,90 +16873,115 @@ msgid ""
 "who did what with content they wanted to control."
 msgstr ""
 
 "who did what with content they wanted to control."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12147
+msgid "Gershwin, George"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12148
+msgid "Porgy and Bess"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f14. 
 #.  f14. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11182
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12158

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S.  "
-"(2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
+"Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S.  (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11190
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12166

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Dinitia Smith, \"Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse Joins "
-"the Fray,\" New York Times, 28 March 1998, B7."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11197
-msgid "Gershwin, George"
+"Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
+"Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
+"1998, B7."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11175
+#.  PAGE BREAK 241 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12151

 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
 "than allowing it to fall into the public domain&mdash;because if this "
 msgid ""
 "Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
 "Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work&mdash; better "
 "than allowing it to fall into the public domain&mdash;because if this "

-"creativity were in the public domain, then people could use it to \"glorify "
-"drugs or to create pornography.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"That was also the motive of the Gershwin estate, which defended its "
-"\"protection\" of the work of George Gershwin. They refuse, for example, to "
-"license Porgy and Bess to anyone who refuses to use African Americans in the "
+"creativity were in the public domain, then people could use it to "
+"<quote>glorify drugs or to create pornography.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That was also the motive of the Gershwin "
+"estate, which defended its <quote>protection</quote> of the work of George "
+"Gershwin. They refuse, for example, to license <citetitle>Porgy and "
+"Bess</citetitle> to anyone who refuses to use African Americans in the "

 "cast.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That's their view of how this "
 "part of American culture should be controlled, and they wanted this law to "
 "cast.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That's their view of how this "
 "part of American culture should be controlled, and they wanted this law to "

-"help them effect that control.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"help them effect that control."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11200
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12175

 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
 "making a choice about which speakers it will favor.  Famous and beloved "
 "copyright owners, such as the Gershwin estate and Dr. Seuss, come to "
 msgid ""
 "This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate.  "
 "When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
 "making a choice about which speakers it will favor.  Famous and beloved "
 "copyright owners, such as the Gershwin estate and Dr. Seuss, come to "

-"Congress and say, \"Give us twenty years to control the speech about these "
-"icons of American culture. We'll do better with them than anyone else.\" "
-"Congress of course likes to reward the popular and famous by giving them "
-"what they want. But when Congress gives people an exclusive right to speak "
-"in a certain way, that's just what the First Amendment is traditionally "
-"meant to block."
+"Congress and say, <quote>Give us twenty years to control the speech about "
+"these icons of American culture. We'll do better with them than anyone "
+"else.</quote> Congress of course likes to reward the popular and famous by "
+"giving them what they want. But when Congress gives people an exclusive "
+"right to speak in a certain way, that's just what the First Amendment is "
+"traditionally meant to block."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11212
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12187

 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
 "copyrights&mdash;extensions that would further concentrate the market; it "
 "would also mean that there was no limit to Congress's power to play "
 msgid ""
 "We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
 "that there was no limit to the power of Congress to extend "
 "copyrights&mdash;extensions that would further concentrate the market; it "
 "would also mean that there was no limit to Congress's power to play "

-"favorites, through copyright, with who has the right to speak.  Between "
-"February and October, there was little I did beyond preparing for this "
-"case. Early on, as I said, I set the strategy."
+"favorites, through copyright, with who has the right to speak."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11221
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12194
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Between February</emphasis> and October, there was "
+"little I did beyond preparing for this case. Early on, as I said, I set the "
+"strategy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12199 freeculture.xml:12385
+msgid "O'Connor, Sandra Day"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12201

 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
 msgid ""
 "The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "

-"\"the Conservatives.\" The other we called \"the Rest.\" The Conservatives "
-"included Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O'Connor, Justice Scalia, Justice "
-"Kennedy, and Justice Thomas. These five had been the most consistent in "
-"limiting Congress's power. They were the five who had supported the "
-"Lopez/Morrison line of cases that said that an enumerated power had to be "
-"interpreted to assure that Congress's powers had limits."
+"<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the "
+"Rest.</quote> The Conservatives included Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice "
+"O'Connor, Justice Scalia, Justice Kennedy, and Justice Thomas. These five "
+"had been the most consistent in limiting Congress's power. They were the "
+"five who had supported the <citetitle>Lopez/Morrison</citetitle> line of "
+"cases that said that an enumerated power had to be interpreted to assure "
+"that Congress's powers had limits."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11230 freeculture.xml:11254 freeculture.xml:11603 freeculture.xml:11615
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12210 freeculture.xml:12235 freeculture.xml:12587 freeculture.xml:12599

 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12211 freeculture.xml:12551
+msgid "Ginsburg, Ruth Bader"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 242 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11232
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12213

 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "
 msgid ""
 "The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
 "Congress's power. These four&mdash;Justice Stevens, Justice Souter, Justice "


@@ -14147,8 +16993,8 @@ msgid ""
 "were also the votes that we were least likely to get."
 msgstr ""
 
 "were also the votes that we were least likely to get."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11244
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12225

 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "
 msgid ""
 "In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
 "general view about deference to Congress (except where issues of gender are "


@@ -14160,8 +17006,8 @@ msgid ""
 "wished, even if what Congress wished made little sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 "wished, even if what Congress wished made little sense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11256
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12237

 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "
 msgid ""
 "Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
 "unlikely allies, though possible surprises. Justice Souter strongly favored "


@@ -14170,8 +17016,8 @@ msgid ""
 "very important free speech argument against these retrospective extensions."
 msgstr ""
 
 "very important free speech argument against these retrospective extensions."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11264
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12246

 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "
 msgid ""
 "The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice "
 "Stevens. History will record Justice Stevens as one of the greatest judges "


@@ -14181,72 +17027,80 @@ msgid ""
 "confident he would recognize limits here."
 msgstr ""
 
 "confident he would recognize limits here."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11272
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12254

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"This analysis of \"the Rest\" showed most clearly where our focus had to be: "
-"on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open these five and "
-"get at least a majority to go our way. Thus, the single overriding argument "
-"that animated our claim rested on the Conservatives' most important "
-"jurisprudential innovation&mdash;the argument that Judge Sentelle had relied "
-"upon in the Court of Appeals, that Congress's power must be interpreted so "
-"that its enumerated powers have limits."
+"This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
+"had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
+"these five and get at least a majority to go our way. Thus, the single "
+"overriding argument that animated our claim rested on the Conservatives' "
+"most important jurisprudential innovation&mdash;the argument that Judge "
+"Sentelle had relied upon in the Court of Appeals, that Congress's power must "
+"be interpreted so that its enumerated powers have limits."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 243 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11282
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12264

 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "
 msgid ""
 "This then was the core of our strategy&mdash;a strategy for which I am "

-"responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the Lopez case, "
-"under the government's argument here, Congress would always have unlimited "
-"power to extend existing terms. If anything was plain about Congress's power "
-"under the Progress Clause, it was that this power was supposed to be "
-"\"limited.\" Our aim would be to get the Court to reconcile Eldred with "
-"Lopez: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was limited, then so, too, "
-"must Congress's power to regulate copyright be limited."
+"responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, under the government's argument here, "
+"Congress would always have unlimited power to extend existing terms. If "
+"anything was plain about Congress's power under the Progress Clause, it was "
+"that this power was supposed to be <quote>limited.</quote> Our aim would be "
+"to get the Court to reconcile <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> with "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was "
+"limited, then so, too, must Congress's power to regulate copyright be "
+"limited."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11295
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12278

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The argument on the government's side came down to this: Congress has done "
-"it before. It should be allowed to do it again. The government claimed that "
-"from the very beginning, Congress has been extending the term of existing "
-"copyrights. So, the government argued, the Court should not now say that "
-"practice is unconstitutional."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The argument</emphasis> on the government's side "
+"came down to this: Congress has done it before. It should be allowed to do "
+"it again. The government claimed that from the very beginning, Congress has "
+"been extending the term of existing copyrights. So, the government argued, "
+"the Court should not now say that practice is unconstitutional."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12286

 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
 msgid ""
 "There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "

-"agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in and in 1909. And of "
+"agreed that Congress had extended existing terms in 1831 and in 1909. And of "

 "course, in 1962, Congress began extending existing terms "
 "regularly&mdash;eleven times in forty years."
 msgstr ""
 
 "course, in 1962, Congress began extending existing terms "
 "regularly&mdash;eleven times in forty years."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 244 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11311
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12293

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But this \"consistency\" should be kept in perspective. Congress extended "
-"existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It then "
-"extended existing terms once again in the next fifty. Those rare extensions "
-"are in contrast to the now regular practice of extending existing "
+"But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
+"extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic.  It "
+"then extended existing terms once again in the next fifty. Those rare "
+"extensions are in contrast to the now regular practice of extending existing "

 "terms. Whatever restraint Congress had had in the past, that restraint was "
 "now gone. Congress was now in a cycle of extensions; there was no reason to "
 "expect that cycle would end. This Court had not hesitated to intervene where "
 "Congress was in a similar cycle of extension.  There was no reason it "
 "terms. Whatever restraint Congress had had in the past, that restraint was "
 "now gone. Congress was now in a cycle of extensions; there was no reason to "
 "expect that cycle would end. This Court had not hesitated to intervene where "
 "Congress was in a similar cycle of extension.  There was no reason it "

-"couldn't intervene here.  Oral argument was scheduled for the first week in "
-"October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During those two "
-"weeks, I was repeatedly \"mooted\" by lawyers who had volunteered to help in "
-"the case. Such \"moots\" are basically practice rounds, where wannabe "
-"justices fire questions at wannabe winners."
+"couldn't intervene here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  PAGE BREAK 244 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12308
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Oral argument</emphasis> was scheduled for the first "
+"week in October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During "
+"those two weeks, I was repeatedly <quote>mooted</quote> by lawyers who had "
+"volunteered to help in the case. Such <quote>moots</quote> are basically "
+"practice rounds, where wannabe justices fire questions at wannabe winners."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11334
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12318

 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "
 msgid ""
 "I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
 "point: that if this extension is permitted, then there is no limit to the "


@@ -14256,29 +17110,27 @@ msgid ""
 "found ways to take every question back to this central idea."
 msgstr ""
 
 "found ways to take every question back to this central idea."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11345
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12331

 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
 "Fried. He had argued many cases before the Supreme Court. And in his review "
 msgid ""
 "One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
 "had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor General Charles "
 "Fried. He had argued many cases before the Supreme Court. And in his review "

-"of the moot, he let his concern speak: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"of the moot, he let his concern speak:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11352
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12337

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
+"<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "

 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
 "consistent practice for two hundred years. You have to make them see the "
 "harm&mdash;passionately get them to see the harm. For if they don't see "
 "willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
 "consistent practice for two hundred years. You have to make them see the "
 "harm&mdash;passionately get them to see the harm. For if they don't see "

-"that, then we haven't any chance of winning.\""
+"that, then we haven't any chance of winning.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 245 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11360
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12345

 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "
 msgid ""
 "He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
 "understand its soul. As a clerk, I had seen the Justices do the right "


@@ -14287,16 +17139,22 @@ msgid ""
 "right thing&mdash;not because of politics but because it is right. As I "
 "listened to Ayer's plea for passion in pressing politics, I understood his "
 "point, and I rejected it. Our argument was right. That was enough.  Let the "
 "right thing&mdash;not because of politics but because it is right. As I "
 "listened to Ayer's plea for passion in pressing politics, I understood his "
 "point, and I rejected it. Our argument was right. That was enough.  Let the "

-"politicians learn to see that it was also good.  The night before the "
-"argument, a line of people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The "
-"case had become a focus of the press and of the movement to free "
-"culture. Hundreds stood in line for the chance to see the "
-"proceedings. Scores spent the night on the Supreme Court steps so that they "
-"would be assured a seat."
+"politicians learn to see that it was also good."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  PAGE BREAK 245 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12355
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The night before</emphasis> the argument, a line of "
+"people began to form in front of the Supreme Court. The case had become a "
+"focus of the press and of the movement to free culture. Hundreds stood in "
+"line for the chance to see the proceedings. Scores spent the night on the "
+"Supreme Court steps so that they would be assured a seat."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11377
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12365

 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "
 msgid ""
 "Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
 "seats they control. (I asked Justice Scalia's chambers for seats for my "


@@ -14311,8 +17169,8 @@ msgid ""
 "in the special section ordinarily reserved for family of the Justices."
 msgstr ""
 
 "in the special section ordinarily reserved for family of the Justices."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11392
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12380

 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "
 msgid ""
 "When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
 "intended to stay: on the question of the limits on Congress's power. This "


@@ -14320,15 +17178,15 @@ msgid ""
 "powers had any limit."
 msgstr ""
 
 "powers had any limit."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11398
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12387

 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening.  The history "
 "was bothering her."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11403
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12392

 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "
 msgid ""
 "justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
 "and if you are right, don't we run the risk of upsetting previous extensions "


@@ -14336,32 +17194,32 @@ msgid ""
 "act."
 msgstr ""
 
 "act."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11410
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12399

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"She was quite willing to concede \"that this flies directly in the face of "
-"what the framers had in mind.\" But my response again and again was to "
-"emphasize limits on Congress's power."
+"She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
+"of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
+"to emphasize limits on Congress's power."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 246 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11416
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12405

 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
 "effect to what they had in mind, and the answer is yes."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
 "then the question is, is there a way of interpreting their words that gives "
 "effect to what they had in mind, and the answer is yes."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11424
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12413

 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
 "Court was going. The first was a question by Justice Kennedy, who observed,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11430
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12419

 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "
 msgid ""
 "justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
 "too, should have been declared void, and that we might leave it alone "


@@ -14370,15 +17228,15 @@ msgid ""
 "evidence for that."
 msgstr ""
 
 "evidence for that."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11438
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12427

 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
 "answered,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11444
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12433

 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all.  Nothing "
 "in our Copyright Clause claim hangs upon the empirical assertion about "


@@ -14387,8 +17245,8 @@ msgid ""
 "under the copyright laws."
 msgstr ""
 
 "under the copyright laws."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12442

 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "
 msgid ""
 "That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
 "was instead that there was an obvious and profound harm. Any number of "


@@ -14397,31 +17255,31 @@ msgid ""
 "was a swing and a miss."
 msgstr ""
 
 "was a swing and a miss."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11461
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12449

 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "
 msgid ""
 "The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been "

-"crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the Lopez ruling, and we hoped "
-"that he would see this case as its second cousin."
+"crafted. For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
+"ruling, and we hoped that he would see this case as its second cousin."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 247 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11466
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12454

 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic.  "
 "To him, we were a bunch of anarchists. As he asked:"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11474
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12461

 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
 "verbatim other people's books, don't you?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11478
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12465

 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "
 msgid ""
 "mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
 "public domain and would be in the public domain but for a statute that "


@@ -14429,16 +17287,21 @@ msgid ""
 "proper reading of the limits built into the Copyright Clause."
 msgstr ""
 
 "proper reading of the limits built into the Copyright Clause."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11487
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12473
+msgid "Olson, Theodore B."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12475

 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
 "General Olson,"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
 "Court picked up on the core of our claim. As Justice Scalia asked Solicitor "
 "General Olson,"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11493
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12481

 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "
 msgid ""
 "justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
 "would be a violation [of the Constitution], but that's precisely the "


@@ -14446,8 +17309,8 @@ msgid ""
 "extendable is the functional equivalent of an unlimited time."
 msgstr ""
 
 "extendable is the functional equivalent of an unlimited time."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11502
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12489

 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "
 msgid ""
 "When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal.  Olson's "
 "flailing had revived my anger. But my anger still was directed to the "


@@ -14462,16 +17325,17 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 248 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11515
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12502

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As I left the court that day, I knew there were a hundred points I wished I "
-"could remake. There were a hundred questions I wished I had answered "
-"differently. But one way of thinking about this case left me optimistic."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>As I left</emphasis> the court that day, I knew "
+"there were a hundred points I wished I could remake. There were a hundred "
+"questions I wished I had answered differently. But one way of thinking about "
+"this case left me optimistic."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11523
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12511

 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "
 msgid ""
 "The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
 "and over again, it had answered there is no limit. This was precisely the "


@@ -14487,74 +17351,77 @@ msgid ""
 "rule of law that it had established elsewhere."
 msgstr ""
 
 "rule of law that it had established elsewhere."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11542
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12526

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The morning of January 15, 2003, I was five minutes late to the office and "
-"missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the Supreme Court clerk. Listening to the "
-"message, I could tell in an instant that she had bad news to report.The "
-"Supreme Court had affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals. Seven "
-"justices had voted in the majority. There were two dissents."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The morning</emphasis> of January 15, 2003, I was "
+"five minutes late to the office and missed the 7:00 A.M. call from the "
+"Supreme Court clerk. Listening to the message, I could tell in an instant "
+"that she had bad news to report.The Supreme Court had affirmed the decision "
+"of the Court of Appeals. Seven justices had voted in the majority. There "
+"were two dissents."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11549
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12534

 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
 "had been wrong in my reasoning."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
 "the hook, posted an announcement to our blog, and sat down to see where I "
 "had been wrong in my reasoning."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11554
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12539

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"My reasoning. Here was a case that pitted all the money in the world against "
-"reasoning. And here was the last naïve law professor, scouring the pages, "
-"looking for reasoning."
+"My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
+"in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
+"naïve law professor, scouring the pages, looking for reasoning."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11559
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12545

 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
 msgid ""
 "I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "

-"principle in this case from the principle in Lopez. The argument was nowhere "
-"to be found. The case was not even cited. The argument that was the core "
-"argument of our case did not even appear in the Court's opinion."
+"principle in this case from the principle in "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The argument was nowhere to be found. The case "
+"was not even cited. The argument that was the core argument of our case did "
+"not even appear in the Court's opinion."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 249 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12555

 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
 "Congress's power not limited here."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument.  Consistent "
 "with her view that Congress's power was not limited generally, she had found "
 "Congress's power not limited here."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11576
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12560

 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "
 msgid ""
 "Her opinion was perfectly reasonable&mdash;for her, and for Justice "

-"Souter. Neither believes in Lopez. It would be too much to expect them to "
-"write an opinion that recognized, much less explained, the doctrine they had "
-"worked so hard to defeat."
+"Souter. Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too "
+"much to expect them to write an opinion that recognized, much less "
+"explained, the doctrine they had worked so hard to defeat."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11582
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12566

 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
 "powers with the Commerce Clause and unlimited powers with the Progress "
 "Clause. It had never even occurred to me that they could reconcile the two "
 msgid ""
 "But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
 "reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
 "powers with the Commerce Clause and unlimited powers with the Progress "
 "Clause. It had never even occurred to me that they could reconcile the two "

-"simply by not addressing the argument. There was no inconsistency because "
-"they would not talk about the two together.  There was therefore no "
-"principle that followed from the Lopez case: In that context, Congress's "
-"power would be limited, but in this context it would not."
+"simply <emphasis>by not addressing the argument</emphasis>. There was no "
+"inconsistency because they would not talk about the two together.  There was "
+"therefore no principle that followed from the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
+"case: In that context, Congress's power would be limited, but in this "
+"context it would not."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11593
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12577

 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "
 msgid ""
 "Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
 "would respect? By what right did they&mdash;the silent five&mdash;get to "


@@ -14566,8 +17433,8 @@ msgid ""
 "will respect, that is the system we have."
 msgstr ""
 
 "will respect, that is the system we have."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11605
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12589

 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "
 msgid ""
 "Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
 "was crafted internal to the law: He argued that the tradition of "


@@ -14581,8 +17448,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 250 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11618
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12602

 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "
 msgid ""
 "Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
 "external to the Constitution. He argued that the term of copyrights has "


@@ -14590,46 +17457,55 @@ msgid ""
 "current term, a copyright gave an author 99.8 percent of the value of a "
 "perpetual term. Breyer said we were wrong, that the actual number was "
 "99.9997 percent of a perpetual term. Either way, the point was clear: If the "
 "current term, a copyright gave an author 99.8 percent of the value of a "
 "perpetual term. Breyer said we were wrong, that the actual number was "
 "99.9997 percent of a perpetual term. Either way, the point was clear: If the "

-"Constitution said a term had to be \"limited,\" and the existing term was so "
-"long as to be effectively unlimited, then it was unconstitutional."
+"Constitution said a term had to be <quote>limited,</quote> and the existing "
+"term was so long as to be effectively unlimited, then it was "
+"unconstitutional."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11629
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12613

 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
 msgid ""
 "These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "

-"neither believed in the Lopez case, neither was willing to push it as a "
-"reason to reject this extension. The case was decided without anyone having "
-"addressed the argument that we had carried from Judge Sentelle. It was "
-"Hamlet without the Prince."
+"neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
+"willing to push it as a reason to reject this extension. The case was "
+"decided without anyone having addressed the argument that we had carried "
+"from Judge Sentelle. It was <citetitle>Hamlet</citetitle> without the "
+"Prince."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11636
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12620

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Defeat brings depression. They say it is a sign of health when depression "
-"gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, but it didn't cure the "
-"depression. This anger was of two sorts."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Defeat brings depression</emphasis>. They say it is "
+"a sign of health when depression gives way to anger. My anger came quickly, "
+"but it didn't cure the depression. This anger was of two sorts."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11641
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12625
+msgid "originalism"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12627

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It was first anger with the five \"Conservatives.\" It would have been one "
-"thing for them to have explained why the principle of Lopez didn't apply in "
-"this case. That wouldn't have been a very convincing argument, I don't "
-"believe, having read it made by others, and having tried to make it "
-"myself. But it at least would have been an act of integrity.  These justices "
-"in particular have repeatedly said that the proper mode of interpreting the "
-"Constitution is \"originalism\"&mdash;to first understand the framers' text, "
+"It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
+"been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> didn't apply in this case. That wouldn't have "
+"been a very convincing argument, I don't believe, having read it made by "
+"others, and having tried to make it myself. But it at least would have been "
+"an act of integrity.  These justices in particular have repeatedly said that "
+"the proper mode of interpreting the Constitution is "
+"<quote>originalism</quote>&mdash;to first understand the framers' text, "

 "interpreted in their context, in light of the structure of the "
 "interpreted in their context, in light of the structure of the "

-"Constitution. That method had produced Lopez and many other \"originalist\" "
-"rulings. Where was their \"originalism\" now?"
+"Constitution. That method had produced <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> and many "
+"other <quote>originalist</quote> rulings. Where was their "
+"<quote>originalism</quote> now?"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 251 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11654
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12640

 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "
 msgid ""
 "Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
 "framers had meant by crafting the Progress Clause as they did; they joined "


@@ -14643,16 +17519,16 @@ msgid ""
 "consistent with their own principles."
 msgstr ""
 
 "consistent with their own principles."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11669
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12655

 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
 "it is."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself.  For I "
 "had let a view of the law that I liked interfere with a view of the law as "
 "it is."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11676
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12662

 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "
 msgid ""
 "Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
 "about courts in general and this Supreme Court in particular.  Most have a "


@@ -14666,8 +17542,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 252 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11687
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12673

 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "
 msgid ""
 "As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
 "a hundred places where the answers could have taken the conversation in "


@@ -14685,16 +17561,16 @@ msgid ""
 "on which a court should decide the issue."
 msgstr ""
 
 "on which a court should decide the issue."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11707
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12694

 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "
 msgid ""
 "Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
 "been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or Kathleen "

-"Sullivan? <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Sullivan?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11713
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12699

 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "
 msgid ""
 "My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
 "ready, my friends insisted. This was a loss that was destined. It would take "


@@ -14702,8 +17578,8 @@ msgid ""
 "we do that, we will be able to show that Court."
 msgstr ""
 
 "we do that, we will be able to show that Court."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11719
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12705

 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "
 msgid ""
 "Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
 "anything except the right thing. They are not lobbied. They have little "


@@ -14712,20 +17588,18 @@ msgid ""
 "persuaded."
 msgstr ""
 
 "persuaded."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12713

 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
 "intellectual property professors stated publicly that my bringing this case "
 msgid ""
 "And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in "
 "January. For at the start of this case, one of America's leading "
 "intellectual property professors stated publicly that my bringing this case "

-"was a mistake. \"The Court is not ready,\" Peter Jaszi said; this issue "
-"should not be raised until it is.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"was a mistake. <quote>The Court is not ready,</quote> Peter Jaszi said; this "
+"issue should not be raised until it is."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 253 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12720

 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "
 msgid ""
 "After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
 "that he was wrong. But if indeed that Court could not have been persuaded, "


@@ -14733,19 +17607,26 @@ msgid ""
 "was right. Either I was not ready to argue this case in a way that would do "
 "some good or they were not ready to hear this case in a way that would do "
 "some good. Either way, the decision to bring this case&mdash;a decision I "
 "was right. Either I was not ready to argue this case in a way that would do "
 "some good or they were not ready to hear this case in a way that would do "
 "some good. Either way, the decision to bring this case&mdash;a decision I "

-"had made four years before&mdash;was wrong.  While the reaction to the Sonny "
-"Bono Act itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's "
-"decision was mixed.  No one, at least in the press, tried to say that "
-"extending the term of copyright was a good idea. We had won that battle over "
-"ideas. Where the decision was praised, it was praised by papers that had "
-"been skeptical of the Court's activism in other cases. Deference was a good "
-"thing, even if it left standing a silly law. But where the decision was "
-"attacked, it was attacked because it left standing a silly and harmful "
-"law. The New York Times wrote in its editorial,"
+"had made four years before&mdash;was wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  PAGE BREAK 253 
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12729
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>While the reaction</emphasis> to the Sonny Bono Act "
+"itself was almost unanimously negative, the reaction to the Court's decision "
+"was mixed.  No one, at least in the press, tried to say that extending the "
+"term of copyright was a good idea. We had won that battle over ideas. Where "
+"the decision was praised, it was praised by papers that had been skeptical "
+"of the Court's activism in other cases. Deference was a good thing, even if "
+"it left standing a silly law. But where the decision was attacked, it was "
+"attacked because it left standing a silly and harmful law. <citetitle>The "
+"New York Times</citetitle> wrote in its editorial,"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11755
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12744

 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "
 msgid ""
 "In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
 "the beginning of the end of public domain and the birth of copyright "


@@ -14755,38 +17636,53 @@ msgid ""
 "creative ferment."
 msgstr ""
 
 "creative ferment."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11764
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12759 freeculture.xml:12764
+msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12753

 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
 msgid ""
 "The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
 "images&mdash;of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "

-"case, was Ruben Bolling's, reproduced on the next page. The \"powerful and "
-"wealthy\" line is a bit unfair. But the punch in the face felt exactly like "
-"that."
+"case, was Ruben Bolling's, reproduced in figure <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-18\"/>. The <quote>powerful and "
+"wealthy</quote> line is a bit unfair. But the punch in the face felt exactly "
+"like that.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:12763
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/tom-the-dancing-bug.png\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"100%\"></graphic> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11771
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12767

 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
 msgid ""
 "The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "

-"The New York Times. That \"grand experiment\" we call the \"public domain\" "
-"is over? When I can make light of it, I think, \"Honey, I shrunk the "
-"Constitution.\" But I can rarely make light of it. We had in our "
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand "
+"experiment</quote> we call the <quote>public domain</quote> is over? When I "
+"can make light of it, I think, <quote>Honey, I shrunk the "
+"Constitution.</quote> But I can rarely make light of it. We had in our "

 "Constitution a commitment to free culture. In the case that I fathered, the "
 "Supreme Court effectively renounced that commitment. A better lawyer would "
 "have made them see differently."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Constitution a commitment to free culture. In the case that I fathered, the "
 "Supreme Court effectively renounced that commitment. A better lawyer would "
 "have made them see differently."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:11782
-msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:12778
+msgid "Chapter Fourteen: Eldred II"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12780

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The day Eldred was decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to "
-"Washington, D.C. (The day the rehearing petition in Eldred was "
+"<emphasis role='strong'>The day</emphasis> <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "
+"decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The "
+"day the rehearing petition in <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was "

 "denied&mdash;meaning the case was really finally over&mdash;fate would have "
 "it that I was giving a speech to technologists at Disney World.)  This was a "
 "particularly long flight to my least favorite city. The drive into the city "
 "denied&mdash;meaning the case was really finally over&mdash;fate would have "
 "it that I was giving a speech to technologists at Disney World.)  This was a "
 "particularly long flight to my least favorite city. The drive into the city "


@@ -14794,56 +17690,57 @@ msgid ""
 "wrote an op-ed piece."
 msgstr ""
 
 "wrote an op-ed piece."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11794
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12792

 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
 "advice from Don Ayer: You need to make them see why it is important. And "
 msgid ""
 "It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
 "Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
 "advice from Don Ayer: You need to make them see why it is important. And "

-"alternating with that command was the question of Justice Kennedy: \"For all "
-"these years the act has impeded progress in science and the useful arts. I "
-"just don't see any empirical evidence for that.\" And so, having failed in "
-"the argument of constitutional principle, finally, I turned to an argument "
-"of politics."
+"alternating with that command was the question of Justice Kennedy: "
+"<quote>For all these years the act has impeded progress in science and the "
+"useful arts. I just don't see any empirical evidence for that.</quote> And "
+"so, having failed in the argument of constitutional principle, finally, I "
+"turned to an argument of politics."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 256 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12802

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The New York Times published the piece. In it, I proposed a simple fix: "
-"Fifty years after a work has been published, the copyright owner would be "
-"required to register the work and pay a small fee. If he paid the fee, he "
-"got the benefit of the full term of copyright. If he did not, the work "
-"passed into the public domain."
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
+"proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
+"copyright owner would be required to register the work and pay a small "
+"fee. If he paid the fee, he got the benefit of the full term of "
+"copyright. If he did not, the work passed into the public domain."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11812
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12810

 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
 "early on, it won't get passed unless it has another name."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name.  Eric "
 "Eldred was kind enough to let his name be used once again, but as he said "
 "early on, it won't get passed unless it has another name."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11817
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12815

 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
 msgid ""
 "Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "

-"the \"Public Domain Enhancement Act\" or the \"Copyright Term Deregulation "
-"Act.\" Either way, the essence of the idea is clear and obvious: Remove "
-"copyright where it is doing nothing except blocking access and the spread of "
-"knowledge. Leave it for as long as Congress allows for those works where its "
-"worth is at least $1. But for everything else, let the content go."
+"the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
+"Term Deregulation Act.</quote> Either way, the essence of the idea is clear "
+"and obvious: Remove copyright where it is doing nothing except blocking "
+"access and the spread of knowledge. Leave it for as long as Congress allows "
+"for those works where its worth is at least $1. But for everything else, let "
+"the content go."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11825 freeculture.xml:12023
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12823 freeculture.xml:13024

 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Forbes, Steve"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11827
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12825

 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "
 msgid ""
 "The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
 "an editorial. I received an avalanche of e-mail and letters expressing "


@@ -14856,8 +17753,8 @@ msgid ""
 "issue. Anyone can recognize the stupid harm of the present system."
 msgstr ""
 
 "issue. Anyone can recognize the stupid harm of the present system."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11839
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12837

 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
 "requirement.  For one of the hardest things about the current system for "


@@ -14869,46 +17766,52 @@ msgid ""
 "at least one registry where copyright owners could be identified."
 msgstr ""
 
 "at least one registry where copyright owners could be identified."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11849
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12847

 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11850 freeculture.xml:11889
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12848 freeculture.xml:12889

 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f1. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11857
-msgid ""
-"Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the Berne Convention, national copyright "
-"legislation sometimes made protection depend upon compliance with "
-"formalities such as registration, deposit, and affixation of notice of the "
-"author's claim of copyright. However, starting with the 1908 act, every text "
-"of the Convention has provided that \"the enjoyment and the exercise\" of "
-"rights guaranteed by the Convention \"shall not be subject to any "
-"formality.\" The prohibition against formalities is presently embodied in "
-"Article 5(2) of the Paris Text of the Berne Convention. Many countries "
-"continue to impose some form of deposit or registration requirement, albeit "
-"not as a condition of copyright. French law, for example, requires the "
-"deposit of copies of works in national repositories, principally the "
-"National Museum.  Copies of books published in the United Kingdom must be "
-"deposited in the British Library. The German Copyright Act provides for a "
-"Registrar of Authors where the author's true name can be filed in the case "
-"of anonymous or pseudonymous works. Paul Goldstein, International "
-"Intellectual Property Law, Cases and Materials (New York: Foundation Press, "
-"2001), 153&ndash;54."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11853
-msgid ""
-"As I described in chapter 10, formalities in copyright law were removed in "
-"1976, when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal "
-"requirement before a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> The Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12856
+msgid "German copyright law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12856
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the "
+"Berne Convention, national copyright legislation sometimes made protection "
+"depend upon compliance with formalities such as registration, deposit, and "
+"affixation of notice of the author's claim of copyright. However, starting "
+"with the 1908 act, every text of the Convention has provided that <quote>the "
+"enjoyment and the exercise</quote> of rights guaranteed by the Convention "
+"<quote>shall not be subject to any formality.</quote> The prohibition "
+"against formalities is presently embodied in Article 5(2) of the Paris Text "
+"of the Berne Convention. Many countries continue to impose some form of "
+"deposit or registration requirement, albeit not as a condition of "
+"copyright. French law, for example, requires the deposit of copies of works "
+"in national repositories, principally the National Museum.  Copies of books "
+"published in the United Kingdom must be deposited in the British "
+"Library. The German Copyright Act provides for a Registrar of Authors where "
+"the author's true name can be filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous "
+"works. Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, "
+"Cases and Materials</citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), "
+"153&ndash;54."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12851
+msgid ""
+"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, "
+"when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal requirement "
+"before a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The "
+"Europeans are said to view copyright as a <quote>natural right.</quote> "

 "Natural rights don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the "
 "Anglo-American tradition that required copyright owners to follow form if "
 "their rights were to be protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly "
 "Natural rights don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the "
 "Anglo-American tradition that required copyright owners to follow form if "
 "their rights were to be protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly "


@@ -14916,30 +17819,31 @@ msgid ""
 "creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
 msgstr ""
 
 "creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11883
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12883

 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
 msgid ""
 "That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
 "copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "

-"without formalities harms the creator. The ability to spread \"Walt Disney "
-"creativity\" is destroyed when there is no simple way to know what's "
-"protected and what's not."
+"without formalities harms the creator. The ability to spread <quote>Walt "
+"Disney creativity</quote> is destroyed when there is no simple way to know "
+"what's protected and what's not."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11891
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12891

 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
 "to require copyright terms of life plus fifty years, as well as the "
 "abolition of copyright formalities. The formalities were hated because the "
 "stories of inadvertent loss were increasingly common. It was as if a Charles "
 msgid ""
 "The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
 "1908. International copyright lawyers amended the Berne Convention in 1908, "
 "to require copyright terms of life plus fifty years, as well as the "
 "abolition of copyright formalities. The formalities were hated because the "
 "stories of inadvertent loss were increasingly common. It was as if a Charles "

-"Dickens character ran all copyright offices, and the failure to dot an i or "
-"cross a t resulted in the loss of widows' only income."
+"Dickens character ran all copyright offices, and the failure to dot an "
+"<citetitle>i</citetitle> or cross a <citetitle>t</citetitle> resulted in the "
+"loss of widows' only income."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11901
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12901

 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "
 msgid ""
 "These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
 "formalities, especially in the United States, was absurd. The law should "


@@ -14949,8 +17853,8 @@ msgid ""
 "of registration."
 msgstr ""
 
 "of registration."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11909
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12909

 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "
 msgid ""
 "Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
 "nineteenth and twentieth centuries was still expensive. It was also a "


@@ -14960,20 +17864,20 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 258 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11917
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12917

 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
 "second-class form of property. If a carpenter builds a table, his rights "
 "over the table don't depend upon filing a form with the government.  He has "
 msgid ""
 "In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
 "claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a "
 "second-class form of property. If a carpenter builds a table, his rights "
 "over the table don't depend upon filing a form with the government.  He has "

-"a property right over the table \"naturally,\" and he can assert that right "
-"against anyone who would steal the table, whether or not he has informed the "
-"government of his ownership of the table."
+"a property right over the table <quote>naturally,</quote> and he can assert "
+"that right against anyone who would steal the table, whether or not he has "
+"informed the government of his ownership of the table."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11929
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12929

 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "
 msgid ""
 "This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
 "argument in favor of formalities does not depend upon creative property "


@@ -14983,8 +17887,8 @@ msgid ""
 "that it can be efficiently and fairly spread."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that it can be efficiently and fairly spread."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11938
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12938

 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "
 msgid ""
 "No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
 "you have to register a deed with a court if your sale of land is to be "


@@ -15001,9 +17905,8 @@ msgid ""
 "burdens produce a much better system of protection for property generally."
 msgstr ""
 
 "burdens produce a much better system of protection for property generally."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 259 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11954
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12954

 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "
 msgid ""
 "It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
 "copyright law. Unlike a carpenter's table, there's nothing in nature that "


@@ -15013,34 +17916,37 @@ msgid ""
 "owner. And like a car, there's no way to buy and sell creative property with "
 "confidence unless there is some simple way to authenticate who is the author "
 "and what rights he has. Simple transactions are destroyed in a world without "
 "owner. And like a car, there's no way to buy and sell creative property with "
 "confidence unless there is some simple way to authenticate who is the author "
 "and what rights he has. Simple transactions are destroyed in a world without "

-"formalities. Complex, expensive, lawyer transactions take their place."
+"formalities. Complex, expensive, <emphasis>lawyer</emphasis> transactions "
+"take their place.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11968
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12969

 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
 msgid ""
 "This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "

-"tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't \"get.\" "
-"Because we live in a system without formalities, there is no way easily to "
-"build upon or use culture from our past. If copyright terms were, as Justice "
-"Story said they would be, \"short,\" then this wouldn't matter much. For "
-"fourteen years, under the framers' system, a work would be presumptively "
-"controlled. After fourteen years, it would be presumptively uncontrolled."
+"tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't "
+"<quote>get.</quote> Because we live in a system without formalities, there "
+"is no way easily to build upon or use culture from our past. If copyright "
+"terms were, as Justice Story said they would be, <quote>short,</quote> then "
+"this wouldn't matter much. For fourteen years, under the framers' system, a "
+"work would be presumptively controlled. After fourteen years, it would be "
+"presumptively uncontrolled."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11978
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12979

 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
 "burden on the creative process. If the only way a library can offer an "
 "Internet exhibit about the New Deal is to hire a lawyer to clear the rights "
 "to every image and sound, then the copyright system is burdening creativity "
 msgid ""
 "But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
 "know what is protected and what is not protected becomes a huge and obvious "
 "burden on the creative process. If the only way a library can offer an "
 "Internet exhibit about the New Deal is to hire a lawyer to clear the rights "
 "to every image and sound, then the copyright system is burdening creativity "

-"in a way that has never been seen before because there are no formalities."
+"in a way that has never been seen before <emphasis>because there are no "
+"formalities</emphasis>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11987
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12988

 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "
 msgid ""
 "The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
 "worth $1 to you, then register your work and you can get the longer "


@@ -15049,8 +17955,8 @@ msgid ""
 "extended copyright term."
 msgstr ""
 
 "extended copyright term."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:11994
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:12995

 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "
 msgid ""
 "If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
 "term, then it shouldn't be worth it for the government to defend your "


@@ -15059,8 +17965,8 @@ msgid ""
 "on it. It should become free if it is not worth $1 to you."
 msgstr ""
 
 "on it. It should become free if it is not worth $1 to you."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12001
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13002

 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
 msgid ""
 "Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
 "work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "


@@ -15068,46 +17974,52 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 260 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12007
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13008

 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
 "because they are terribly funded) in enabling simple and cheap "
 "registrations. Any real solution to the problem of formalities must address "
 msgid ""
 "It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
 "completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
 "because they are terribly funded) in enabling simple and cheap "
 "registrations. Any real solution to the problem of formalities must address "

-"the real problem of governments standing at the core of any system of "
-"formalities. In this book, I offer such a solution. That solution "
-"essentially remakes the Copyright Office. For now, assume it was Amazon that "
-"ran the registration system. Assume it was one-click registration.  The "
-"Eldred Act would propose a simple, one-click registration fifty years after "
-"a work was published. Based upon historical data, that system would move up "
-"to 98 percent of commercial work, commercial work that no longer had a "
-"commercial life, into the public domain within fifty years. What do you "
-"think?"
+"the real problem of <emphasis>governments</emphasis> standing at the core of "
+"any system of formalities. In this book, I offer such a solution. That "
+"solution essentially remakes the Copyright Office. For now, assume it was "
+"Amazon that ran the registration system. Assume it was one-click "
+"registration.  The Eldred Act would propose a simple, one-click registration "
+"fifty years after a work was published. Based upon historical data, that "
+"system would move up to 98 percent of commercial work, commercial work that "
+"no longer had a commercial life, into the public domain within fifty "
+"years. What do you think?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13026
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>When Steve Forbes</emphasis> endorsed the idea, some "
+"in Washington began to pay attention. Many people contacted me pointing to "
+"representatives who might be willing to introduce the Eldred Act. And I had "
+"a few who directly suggested that they might be willing to take the first "
+"step."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12025
-msgid ""
-"When Steve Forbes endorsed the idea, some in Washington began to pay "
-"attention. Many people contacted me pointing to representatives who might be "
-"willing to introduce the Eldred Act. And I had a few who directly suggested "
-"that they might be willing to take the first step."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13032
+msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12031
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13034

 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
 "imposed the simplest requirement upon copyright owners possible. In May "
 "2003, it looked as if the bill would be introduced. On May 16, I posted on "
 msgid ""
 "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
 "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
 "imposed the simplest requirement upon copyright owners possible. In May "
 "2003, it looked as if the bill would be introduced. On May 16, I posted on "

-"the Eldred Act blog, \"we are close.\" There was a general reaction in the "
-"blog community that something good might happen here."
+"the Eldred Act blog, <quote>we are close.</quote> There was a general "
+"reaction in the blog community that something good might happen here."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12040
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13043

 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "
 msgid ""
 "But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
 "MPAA general counsel came to the congresswoman's office to give the view of "


@@ -15118,30 +18030,30 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 261 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12048
-msgid ""
-"The MPAA argued first that Congress had \"firmly rejected the central "
-"concept in the proposed bill\"&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That was "
-"true, but irrelevant, as Congress's \"firm rejection\" had occurred long "
-"before the Internet made subsequent uses much more likely.  Second, they "
-"argued that the proposal would harm poor copyright owners&mdash;apparently "
-"those who could not afford the $1 fee. Third, they argued that Congress had "
-"determined that extending a copyright term would encourage restoration "
-"work. Maybe in the case of the small percentage of work covered by copyright "
-"law that is still commercially valuable, but again this was irrelevant, as "
-"the proposal would not cut off the extended term unless the $1 fee was not "
-"paid. Fourth, the MPAA argued that the bill would impose \"enormous\" costs, "
-"since a registration system is not free. True enough, but those costs are "
-"certainly less than the costs of clearing the rights for a copyright whose "
-"owner is not known. Fifth, they worried about the risks if the copyright to "
-"a story underlying a film were to pass into the public domain. But what risk "
-"is that? If it is in the public domain, then the film is a valid derivative "
-"use."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12069
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13051
+msgid ""
+"The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
+"concept in the proposed bill</quote>&mdash;that copyrights be renewed. That "
+"was true, but irrelevant, as Congress's <quote>firm rejection</quote> had "
+"occurred long before the Internet made subsequent uses much more likely.  "
+"Second, they argued that the proposal would harm poor copyright "
+"owners&mdash;apparently those who could not afford the $1 fee. Third, they "
+"argued that Congress had determined that extending a copyright term would "
+"encourage restoration work. Maybe in the case of the small percentage of "
+"work covered by copyright law that is still commercially valuable, but again "
+"this was irrelevant, as the proposal would not cut off the extended term "
+"unless the $1 fee was not paid. Fourth, the MPAA argued that the bill would "
+"impose <quote>enormous</quote> costs, since a registration system is not "
+"free. True enough, but those costs are certainly less than the costs of "
+"clearing the rights for a copyright whose owner is not known. Fifth, they "
+"worried about the risks if the copyright to a story underlying a film were "
+"to pass into the public domain. But what risk is that? If it is in the "
+"public domain, then the film is a valid derivative use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13072

 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
 "this if they wanted. But the whole point is that there are thousands of "


@@ -15151,20 +18063,21 @@ msgid ""
 "likely to."
 msgstr ""
 
 "likely to."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12077
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13080

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"At the beginning of this book, I told two stories about the law reacting to "
-"changes in technology. In the one, common sense prevailed.  In the other, "
-"common sense was delayed. The difference between the two stories was the "
-"power of the opposition&mdash;the power of the side that fought to defend "
-"the status quo. In both cases, a new technology threatened old "
-"interests. But in only one case did those interest's have the power to "
-"protect themselves against this new competitive threat."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>At the beginning</emphasis> of this book, I told two "
+"stories about the law reacting to changes in technology. In the one, common "
+"sense prevailed.  In the other, common sense was delayed. The difference "
+"between the two stories was the power of the opposition&mdash;the power of "
+"the side that fought to defend the status quo. In both cases, a new "
+"technology threatened old interests. But in only one case did those "
+"interest's have the power to protect themselves against this new competitive "
+"threat."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12087
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13090

 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "
 msgid ""
 "I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
 "about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react.  And "


@@ -15173,8 +18086,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 262 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12096
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13099

 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "
 msgid ""
 "When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
 "owners. The commercial piracy that I described is wrong and harmful, and the "


@@ -15187,49 +18100,55 @@ msgid ""
 "resistance."
 msgstr ""
 
 "resistance."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12107
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13109
+msgid "Kelly, Kevin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13111

 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
 "driving this war. This act would free an extraordinary range of content that "
 "is otherwise unused. It wouldn't interfere with any copyright owner's desire "
 "to exercise continued control over his content. It would simply liberate "
 msgid ""
 "But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
 "then, finally, there is an example that lays bare the naked selfinterest "
 "driving this war. This act would free an extraordinary range of content that "
 "is otherwise unused. It wouldn't interfere with any copyright owner's desire "
 "to exercise continued control over his content. It would simply liberate "

-"what Kevin Kelly calls the \"Dark Content\" that fills archives around the "
-"world. So when the warriors oppose a change like this, we should ask one "
-"simple question:"
+"what Kevin Kelly calls the <quote>Dark Content</quote> that fills archives "
+"around the world. So when the warriors oppose a change like this, we should "
+"ask one simple question:"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12117
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13121

 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "What does this industry really want?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12120
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13124

 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
 msgid ""
 "With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
 "effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "

-"their content. The effort to block the Eldred Act is an effort to assure "
-"that nothing more passes into the public domain. It is another step to "
-"assure that the public domain will never compete, that there will be no use "
-"of content that is not commercially controlled, and that there will be no "
-"commercial use of content that doesn't require their permission first."
+"<emphasis>their</emphasis> content. The effort to block the Eldred Act is an "
+"effort to assure that nothing more passes into the public domain. It is "
+"another step to assure that the public domain will never compete, that there "
+"will be no use of content that is not commercially controlled, and that "
+"there will be no commercial use of content that doesn't require "
+"<emphasis>their</emphasis> permission first."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12130
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13135

 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
 msgid ""
 "The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
 "most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "

-"the protection of \"property\" but the rejection of a tradition.  Their aim "
-"is not simply to protect what is theirs. Their aim is to assure that all "
-"there is is what is theirs."
+"the protection of <quote>property</quote> but the rejection of a tradition.  "
+"Their aim is not simply to protect what is theirs. <emphasis>Their aim is to "
+"assure that all there is is what is theirs</emphasis>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 263 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12137
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13143

 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "
 msgid ""
 "It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
 "to see why it would benefit them if the competition of the public domain "


@@ -15239,8 +18158,8 @@ msgid ""
 "creation."
 msgstr ""
 
 "creation."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12149
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13155

 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "
 msgid ""
 "What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
 "the law made airplanes trespassers. The MPAA stands with the Causbys and "


@@ -15249,35 +18168,70 @@ msgid ""
 "others."
 msgstr ""
 
 "others."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12156
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13162

 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
 msgid ""
 "All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "

-"\"property\" in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, and so long "
-"as it does, the assaults will rain down upon the technologies of the "
-"Internet. The consequence will be an increasing \"permission society.\" The "
-"past can be cultivated only if you can identify the owner and gain "
-"permission to build upon his work. The future will be controlled by this "
-"dead (and often unfindable) hand of the past."
+"<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
+"and so long as it does, the assaults will rain down upon the technologies of "
+"the Internet. The consequence will be an increasing <quote>permission "
+"society.</quote> The past can be cultivated only if you can identify the "
+"owner and gain permission to build upon his work. The future will be "
+"controlled by this dead (and often unfindable) hand of the past."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:12168
-msgid "CONCLUSION"
+#: freeculture.xml:13174
+msgid "Conclusion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13175
+msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13176
+msgid "AIDS medications"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13177
+msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13178
+msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13179 freeculture.xml:13692
+msgid "drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13179 freeculture.xml:13692
+msgid "pharmaceutical"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13180
+msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12170
+#: freeculture.xml:13182

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"There are more than 35 million people with the AIDS virus "
-"worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa.  "
-"Seventeen million have already died. Seventeen million Africans is "
-"proportional percentage-wise to seven million Americans. More importantly, "
-"it is seventeen million Africans."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
+"with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
+"sub-Saharan Africa.  Seventeen million have already died. Seventeen million "
+"Africans is proportional percentage-wise to seven million Americans. More "
+"importantly, it is seventeen million Africans."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12177
+#: freeculture.xml:13189

 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
 msgid ""
 "There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression.  "
 "These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "


@@ -15288,10 +18242,10 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 
 #.  f1. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12192
+#: freeculture.xml:13204

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
-"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
+"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "

 "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
 "#55</ulink>. According to a World Health Organization press release issued 9 "
 "July 2002, only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing "
 "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
 "#55</ulink>. According to a World Health Organization press release issued 9 "
 "July 2002, only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing "


@@ -15299,7 +18253,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12185
+#: freeculture.xml:13197

 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
 msgid ""
 "These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
 "States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "


@@ -15310,9 +18264,19 @@ msgid ""
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13213 freeculture.xml:13694
+msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13214
+msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #.  PAGE BREAK 265 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12203
+#: freeculture.xml:13217

 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
 msgid ""
 "These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
 "expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "


@@ -15323,7 +18287,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12211
+#: freeculture.xml:13225

 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
 "not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "


@@ -15336,7 +18300,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12222
+#: freeculture.xml:13236

 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
 msgid ""
 "But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
 "thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "


@@ -15346,61 +18310,83 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:12240 freeculture.xml:12675
+#: freeculture.xml:13242
+msgid "international law"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13243
+msgid "parallel importation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13244
+msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13257 freeculture.xml:13750

 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid "Braithwaite, John"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12238
+#: freeculture.xml:13255

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
+"Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
+"37.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12229
+#: freeculture.xml:13246

 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
 "nation's market with the consent of the patent owner. For example, if the "
 "drug was sold in India, it could be imported into Africa from India. This is "
 msgid ""
 "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
 "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
 "nation's market with the consent of the patent owner. For example, if the "
 "drug was sold in India, it could be imported into Africa from India. This is "

-"called \"parallel importation,\" and it is generally permitted under "
-"international trade law and is specifically permitted within the European "
-"Union.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"called <quote>parallel importation,</quote> and it is generally permitted "
+"under international trade law and is specifically permitted within the "
+"European Union.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13261
+msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12250
+#: freeculture.xml:13269

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a Report Prepared "
-"for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D.C., 2000), "
-"14, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#56</ulink>. For a firsthand account of the struggle over South Africa, see "
-"Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human "
-"Resources, House Committee on Government Reform, H. Rep., 1st sess., "
-"Ser. No. 106-126 (22 July 1999), 150&ndash;57 (statement of James Love)."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
+"Report Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
+"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 14, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #56</ulink>. For a firsthand "
+"account of the struggle over South Africa, see Hearing Before the "
+"Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources, House "
+"Committee on Government Reform, H. Rep., 1st sess., Ser. No. 106-126 (22 "
+"July 1999), 150&ndash;57 (statement of James Love)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12282
+#: freeculture.xml:13296

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a Report Prepared "
-"for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D.C., 2000), "
-"15."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
+"Report Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
+"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12245
+#: freeculture.xml:13263

 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
 msgid ""
 "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
 "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "

-"characterized it, \"The U.S. government pressured South Africa . . .  not to "
-"permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.\"<placeholder "
+"characterized it, <quote>The U.S. government pressured South Africa &hellip; "
+"not to permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.</quote><placeholder "

 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States Trade "
 "Representative, the government asked South Africa to change the "
 "law&mdash;and to add pressure to that request, in 1998, the USTR listed "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States Trade "
 "Representative, the government asked South Africa to change the "
 "law&mdash;and to add pressure to that request, in 1998, the USTR listed "


@@ -15418,7 +18404,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12288
+#: freeculture.xml:13303

 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
 msgid ""
 "We should place the intervention by the United States in context.  No doubt "
 "patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "


@@ -15430,7 +18416,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12298
+#: freeculture.xml:13313

 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "
 msgid ""
 "By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
 "government was not saving drugs for United States citizens.  This is not "


@@ -15441,7 +18427,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12306
+#: freeculture.xml:13321

 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "
 msgid ""
 "Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
 "of United States drug companies&mdash;at least, not substantially. It was "


@@ -15455,49 +18441,55 @@ msgstr ""
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #.  f5. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 333 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12321
-msgid ""
-"See Sabin Russell, \"New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's Needs at "
-"Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 24 May 1999, A1, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> "
-"(\"compulsory licenses and gray markets pose a threat to the entire system "
-"of intellectual property protection\"); Robert Weissman, \"AIDS and "
-"Developing Countries: Democratizing Access to Essential Medicines,\" Foreign "
-"Policy in Focus 4:23 (August 1999), available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</ulink> (describing "
-"U.S. policy); John A. Harrelson, \"TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents, and the "
-"HIV/AIDS Crisis: Finding the Proper Balance Between Intellectual Property "
-"Rights and Compassion, a Synopsis,\" Widener Law Symposium Journal (Spring "
-"2001): 175."
+#: freeculture.xml:13336
+msgid ""
+"See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
+"Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
+"Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 May 1999, A1, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> (<quote>compulsory "
+"licenses and gray markets pose a threat to the entire system of intellectual "
+"property protection</quote>); Robert Weissman, <quote>AIDS and Developing "
+"Countries: Democratizing Access to Essential Medicines,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Foreign Policy in Focus</citetitle> 4:23 (August 1999), available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</ulink> (describing "
+"U.S. policy); John A. Harrelson, <quote>TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents, and "
+"the HIV/AIDS Crisis: Finding the Proper Balance Between Intellectual "
+"Property Rights and Compassion, a Synopsis,</quote> <citetitle>Widener Law "
+"Symposium Journal</citetitle> (Spring 2001): 175."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12315
+#: freeculture.xml:13330

 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
 "sanctity of property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It was "
 msgid ""
 "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
 "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
 "sanctity of property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It was "

-"because \"intellectual property\" would be violated that these drugs should "
-"not flow into Africa. It was a principle about the importance of "
-"\"intellectual property\" that led these government actors to intervene "
-"against the South African response to AIDS."
+"because <quote>intellectual property</quote> would be violated that these "
+"drugs should not flow into Africa. It was a principle about the importance "
+"of <quote>intellectual property</quote> that led these government actors to "
+"intervene against the South African response to AIDS."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12342
+#: freeculture.xml:13358

 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
 "happen? How could we allow a policy to be pursued whose direct cost would be "
 "to speed the death of 15 to 30 million Africans, and whose only real benefit "
 msgid ""
 "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
 "when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
 "happen? How could we allow a policy to be pursued whose direct cost would be "
 "to speed the death of 15 to 30 million Africans, and whose only real benefit "

-"would be to uphold the \"sanctity\" of an idea? What possible justification "
-"could there ever be for a policy that results in so many deaths? What "
-"exactly is the insanity that would allow so many to die for such an "
-"abstraction?"
+"would be to uphold the <quote>sanctity</quote> of an idea? What possible "
+"justification could there ever be for a policy that results in so many "
+"deaths? What exactly is the insanity that would allow so many to die for "
+"such an abstraction?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13367
+msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12352
+#: freeculture.xml:13369

 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "
 msgid ""
 "Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations.  Their "
 "managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation.  They push a "


@@ -15508,7 +18500,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12360
+#: freeculture.xml:13377

 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "
 msgid ""
 "The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
 "companies would love&mdash;they say, and I believe them&mdash;to sell their "


@@ -15518,25 +18510,31 @@ msgid ""
 "could be overcome."
 msgstr ""
 
 "could be overcome."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13384
+msgid "of drug patents"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #.  PAGE BREAK 268 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12368
+#: freeculture.xml:13386

 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
 msgid ""
 "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
 "grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "

-"before a Senate or House hearing, and ask, \"How is it you can sell this HIV "
-"drug in Africa for only $1 a pill, but the same drug would cost an American "
-"$1,500?\" Because there is no \"sound bite\" answer to that question, its "
-"effect would be to induce regulation of prices in America. The drug "
-"companies thus avoid this spiral by avoiding the first step. They reinforce "
-"the idea that property should be sacred. They adopt a rational strategy in "
-"an irrational context, with the unintended consequence that perhaps millions "
-"die. And that rational strategy thus becomes framed in terms of this "
-"ideal&mdash;the sanctity of an idea called \"intellectual property.\""
+"before a Senate or House hearing, and ask, <quote>How is it you can sell "
+"this HIV drug in Africa for only $1 a pill, but the same drug would cost an "
+"American $1,500?</quote> Because there is no <quote>sound bite</quote> "
+"answer to that question, its effect would be to induce regulation of prices "
+"in America. The drug companies thus avoid this spiral by avoiding the first "
+"step. They reinforce the idea that property should be sacred. They adopt a "
+"rational strategy in an irrational context, with the unintended consequence "
+"that perhaps millions die. And that rational strategy thus becomes framed in "
+"terms of this ideal&mdash;the sanctity of an idea called <quote>intellectual "
+"property.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12383
+#: freeculture.xml:13408

 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
 msgid ""
 "So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
 "When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "


@@ -15544,7 +18542,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12389
+#: freeculture.xml:13414

 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
 msgid ""
 "A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
 "system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "


@@ -15557,20 +18555,26 @@ msgid ""
 "both copyright and patent policies were balanced in just this sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 "both copyright and patent policies were balanced in just this sense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 269 

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12401
+#: freeculture.xml:13429

 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
 "A certain property fundamentalism, having no connection to our tradition, "
 "now reigns in this culture&mdash;bizarrely, and with consequences more grave "
 "to the spread of ideas and culture than almost any other single policy "
 msgid ""
 "But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
 "critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism.  "
 "A certain property fundamentalism, having no connection to our tradition, "
 "now reigns in this culture&mdash;bizarrely, and with consequences more grave "
 "to the spread of ideas and culture than almost any other single policy "

-"decision that we as a democracy will make.  A simple idea blinds us, and "
-"under the cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if "
-"any of us looked. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in ideas "
-"that we don't even notice how monstrous it is to deny ideas to a people who "
-"are dying without them. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in "
+"decision that we as a democracy will make."
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  PAGE BREAK 269 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13438
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
+"cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
+"looked. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in ideas that we "
+"don't even notice how monstrous it is to deny ideas to a people who are "
+"dying without them. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in "

 "culture that we don't even question when the control of that property "
 "removes our ability, as a people, to develop our culture "
 "democratically. Blindness becomes our common sense. And the challenge for "
 "culture that we don't even question when the control of that property "
 "removes our ability, as a people, to develop our culture "
 "democratically. Blindness becomes our common sense. And the challenge for "


@@ -15578,64 +18582,127 @@ msgid ""
 "to make this common sense open its eyes."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to make this common sense open its eyes."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12421
-msgid ""
-"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
-"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
-"this debate fits with ideas that seem natural, and that fit is reinforced by "
-"the RCAs of our day. They wage a frantic war to fight \"piracy,\" and "
-"devastate a culture for creativity. They defend the idea of \"creative "
-"property,\" while transforming real creators into modern-day "
-"sharecroppers. They are insulted by the idea that rights should be balanced, "
-"even though each of the major players in this content war was itself a "
-"beneficiary of a more balanced ideal. The hypocrisy reeks. Yet in a city "
-"like Washington, hypocrisy is not even noticed. Powerful lobbies, complex "
-"issues, and MTV attention spans produce the \"perfect storm\" for free "
-"culture."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13452
+msgid ""
+"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
+"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
+"this debate fits with ideas that seem natural, and that fit is reinforced by "
+"the RCAs of our day. They wage a frantic war to fight <quote>piracy,</quote> "
+"and devastate a culture for creativity. They defend the idea of "
+"<quote>creative property,</quote> while transforming real creators into "
+"modern-day sharecroppers. They are insulted by the idea that rights should "
+"be balanced, even though each of the major players in this content war was "
+"itself a beneficiary of a more balanced ideal. The hypocrisy reeks. Yet in a "
+"city like Washington, hypocrisy is not even noticed. Powerful lobbies, "
+"complex issues, and MTV attention spans produce the <quote>perfect "
+"storm</quote> for free culture."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13465 freeculture.xml:14235
+msgid "academic journals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13466 freeculture.xml:13479
+msgid "biomedical research"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13467 freeculture.xml:13637
+msgid "international organization on issues of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13469 freeculture.xml:13586 freeculture.xml:14154
+msgid "IBM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13470 freeculture.xml:14301
+msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13471 freeculture.xml:14302
+msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13472
+msgid "public projects in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13473
+msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13474
+msgid "Wellcome Trust"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13475 freeculture.xml:13638
+msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13476
+msgid "World Wide Web"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13477
+msgid "Global Positioning System"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12438
-msgid ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, August "
-"2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting "
-"Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William "
-"New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" National "
-"Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+#: freeculture.xml:13484
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, "
+"<quote>Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; "
+"William New, <quote>U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at "
+"WIPO,</quote> <citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 "
+"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#61</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 270 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12435
-msgid ""
-"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by "
-"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a "
-"meeting.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> At the request of a wide "
-"range of interests, WIPO had decided to hold a meeting to discuss \"open and "
-"collaborative projects to create public goods.\" These are projects that "
-"have been successful in producing public goods without relying exclusively "
-"upon a proprietary use of intellectual property. Examples include the "
-"Internet and the World Wide Web, both of which were developed on the basis "
-"of protocols in the public domain. It included an emerging trend to support "
-"open academic journals, including the Public Library of Science project that "
-"I describe in the Afterword. It included a project to develop single "
-"nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought to have great "
-"significance in biomedical research. (That nonprofit project comprised a "
-"consortium of the Wellcome Trust and pharmaceutical and technological "
-"companies, including Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, "
-"Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, "
-"Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the Global Positioning System, "
-"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included \"open "
-"source and free software.\""
+#: freeculture.xml:13481
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
+"United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
+"Organization to cancel a meeting.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"At the request of a wide range of interests, WIPO had decided to hold a "
+"meeting to discuss <quote>open and collaborative projects to create public "
+"goods.</quote> These are projects that have been successful in producing "
+"public goods without relying exclusively upon a proprietary use of "
+"intellectual property. Examples include the Internet and the World Wide Web, "
+"both of which were developed on the basis of protocols in the public "
+"domain. It included an emerging trend to support open academic journals, "
+"including the Public Library of Science project that I describe in chapter "
+"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"c-afterword\"/>.  It "
+"included a project to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which "
+"are thought to have great significance in biomedical research. (That "
+"nonprofit project comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and "
+"pharmaceutical and technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, "
+"AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, "
+"Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included "
+"the Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early "
+"1980s. And it included <quote>open source and free software.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12468
+#: freeculture.xml:13517

 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
 msgid ""
 "The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
 "common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "


@@ -15644,16 +18711,21 @@ msgid ""
 "way in which proprietary claims might be used."
 msgstr ""
 
 "way in which proprietary claims might be used."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13523
+msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #.  f7. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12476
+#: freeculture.xml:13526

 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgid ""
 "I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
 "meeting."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12475
+#: freeculture.xml:13525

 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
 msgid ""
 "From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
 "ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "


@@ -15663,9 +18735,14 @@ msgid ""
 "with intellectual property issues."
 msgstr ""
 
 "with intellectual property issues."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13535 freeculture.xml:13691
+msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #.  PAGE BREAK 271 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12486
+#: freeculture.xml:13537

 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
 "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "


@@ -15679,115 +18756,152 @@ msgid ""
 "WIPO. In the talk that I had prepared, I had actually made the issue of "
 "intellectual property relatively minor. But after this astonishing "
 "statement, I made intellectual property the sole focus of my talk. There was "
 "WIPO. In the talk that I had prepared, I had actually made the issue of "
 "intellectual property relatively minor. But after this astonishing "
 "statement, I made intellectual property the sole focus of my talk. There was "

-"no way to talk about an \"Information Society\" unless one also talked about "
-"the range of information and culture that would be free. My talk did not "
-"make my immoderate moderator very happy. And she was no doubt correct that "
-"the scope of intellectual property protections was ordinarily the stuff of "
-"WIPO. But in my view, there couldn't be too much of a conversation about how "
-"much intellectual property is needed, since in my view, the very idea of "
-"balance in intellectual property had been lost."
+"no way to talk about an <quote>Information Society</quote> unless one also "
+"talked about the range of information and culture that would be free. My "
+"talk did not make my immoderate moderator very happy. And she was no doubt "
+"correct that the scope of intellectual property protections was ordinarily "
+"the stuff of WIPO. But in my view, there couldn't be too much of a "
+"conversation about how much intellectual property is needed, since in my "
+"view, the very idea of balance in intellectual property had been lost."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12510
+#: freeculture.xml:13561

 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
 msgid ""
 "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
 "thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "

-"meeting about \"open and collaborative projects to create public goods\" "
-"seemed perfectly appropriate within the WIPO agenda."
+"meeting about <quote>open and collaborative projects to create public "
+"goods</quote> seemed perfectly appropriate within the WIPO agenda."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13570 freeculture.xml:15300
+msgid "Apple Corporation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13571
+msgid "on free software"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12516
+#: freeculture.xml:13573

 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
 msgid ""
 "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "

-"least among lobbyists. That project is \"open source and free software.\" "
-"Microsoft in particular is wary of discussion of the subject. From its "
-"perspective, a conference to discuss open source and free software would be "
-"like a conference to discuss Apple's operating system. Both open source and "
-"free software compete with Microsoft's software. And internationally, many "
-"governments have begun to explore requirements that they use open source or "
-"free software, rather than \"proprietary software,\" for their own internal "
-"uses."
+"least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
+"software.</quote> Microsoft in particular is wary of discussion of the "
+"subject. From its perspective, a conference to discuss open source and free "
+"software would be like a conference to discuss Apple's operating "
+"system. Both open source and free software compete with Microsoft's "
+"software. And internationally, many governments have begun to explore "
+"requirements that they use open source or free software, rather than "
+"<quote>proprietary software,</quote> for their own internal uses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13583
+msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f8. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12539
+#: freeculture.xml:13599

 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
 msgid ""
 "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "

-"sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with \"open "
-"source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's principal "
-"opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft\" license, "
-"meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the same terms on any "
-"derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling "
-"the Marketplace to Decide,\" Government Policy Toward Open Source Software "
-"(Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, "
-"American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, The "
-"Commercial Software Model, discussion at New York University Stern School of "
+"sophisticated.  As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
+"<quote>open source</quote> software or software in the public "
+"domain. Microsoft's principal opposition is to <quote>free software</quote> "
+"licensed under a <quote>copyleft</quote> license, meaning a license that "
+"requires the licensee to adopt the same terms on any derivative work. See "
+"Bradford L. Smith, <quote>The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace "
+"to Decide,</quote> <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source "
+"Software</citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
+"Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
+"Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig "
+"Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, <citetitle>The Commercial Software "
+"Model</citetitle>, discussion at New York University Stern School of "

 "Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 "Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12527
+#: freeculture.xml:13588

 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
 "software. There are many important companies that depend fundamentally upon "
 "open source and free software, IBM being the most prominent. IBM is "
 "increasingly shifting its focus to the GNU/Linux operating system, the most "
 msgid ""
 "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
 "that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
 "software. There are many important companies that depend fundamentally upon "
 "open source and free software, IBM being the most prominent. IBM is "
 "increasingly shifting its focus to the GNU/Linux operating system, the most "

-"famous bit of \"free software\"&mdash;and IBM is emphatically a commercial "
-"entity. Thus, to support \"open source and free software\" is not to oppose "
-"commercial entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software "
-"development that is different from Microsoft's.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"famous bit of <quote>free software</quote>&mdash;and IBM is emphatically a "
+"commercial entity. Thus, to support <quote>open source and free "
+"software</quote> is not to oppose commercial entities. It is, instead, to "
+"support a mode of software development that is different from "
+"Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13617
+msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13618
+msgid "GPL (General Public License)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 272 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12561
-msgid ""
-"More important for our purposes, to support \"open source and free "
-"software\" is not to oppose copyright. \"Open source and free software\" is "
-"not software in the public domain. Instead, like Microsoft's software, the "
-"copyright owners of free and open source software insist quite strongly that "
-"the terms of their software license be respected by adopters of free and "
-"open source software. The terms of that license are no doubt different from "
-"the terms of a proprietary software license.  Free software licensed under "
-"the General Public License (GPL), for example, requires that the source code "
-"for the software be made available by anyone who modifies and redistributes "
-"the software. But that requirement is effective only if copyright governs "
-"software. If copyright did not govern software, then free software could not "
-"impose the same kind of requirements on its adopters. It thus depends upon "
-"copyright law just as Microsoft does."
+#: freeculture.xml:13620
+msgid ""
+"More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
+"software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
+"software</quote> is not software in the public domain. Instead, like "
+"Microsoft's software, the copyright owners of free and open source software "
+"insist quite strongly that the terms of their software license be respected "
+"by adopters of free and open source software. The terms of that license are "
+"no doubt different from the terms of a proprietary software license.  Free "
+"software licensed under the General Public License (GPL), for example, "
+"requires that the source code for the software be made available by anyone "
+"who modifies and redistributes the software. But that requirement is "
+"effective only if copyright governs software. If copyright did not govern "
+"software, then free software could not impose the same kind of requirements "
+"on its adopters. It thus depends upon copyright law just as Microsoft does."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13639
+msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13640
+msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f9. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12587
+#: freeculture.xml:13650

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" available at <ulink "
+"Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12579
+#: freeculture.xml:13642

 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
 "use its lobbyists to get the United States government to oppose it, as "
 "well. And indeed, that is just what was reported to have happened. According "
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
 "Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
 "use its lobbyists to get the United States government to oppose it, as "
 "well. And indeed, that is just what was reported to have happened. According "

-"to Jonathan Krim of the Washington Post, Microsoft's lobbyists succeeded in "
-"getting the United States government to veto the meeting.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And without U.S. backing, the meeting was "
-"canceled."
+"to Jonathan Krim of the <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, Microsoft's "
+"lobbyists succeeded in getting the United States government to veto the "
+"meeting.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And without U.S. backing, "
+"the meeting was canceled."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12593
+#: freeculture.xml:13656

 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
 msgid ""
 "I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
 "consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "


@@ -15796,113 +18910,136 @@ msgid ""
 "States having succeeded in its lobbying efforts."
 msgstr ""
 
 "States having succeeded in its lobbying efforts."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13664 freeculture.xml:13722
+msgid "Boland, Lois"
+msgstr ""
+

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12601
+#: freeculture.xml:13666

 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
 "international relations for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, explained "
 msgid ""
 "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
 "the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
 "international relations for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, explained "

-"that \"open-source software runs counter to the mission of WIPO, which is to "
-"promote intellectual-property rights.\" She is quoted as saying, \"To hold a "
-"meeting which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights seems to "
-"us to be contrary to the goals of WIPO.\""
+"that <quote>open-source software runs counter to the mission of WIPO, which "
+"is to promote intellectual-property rights.</quote> She is quoted as saying, "
+"<quote>To hold a meeting which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such "
+"rights seems to us to be contrary to the goals of WIPO.</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12611
+#: freeculture.xml:13677

 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12615
+#: freeculture.xml:13682

 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
 msgid ""
 "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
 "software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "

-"\"copyright\".  Without it, restrictions imposed by those licenses wouldn't "
-"work. Thus, to say it \"runs counter\" to the mission of promoting "
-"intellectual property rights reveals an extraordinary gap in "
-"understanding&mdash;the sort of mistake that is excusable in a first-year "
-"law student, but an embarrassment from a high government official dealing "
-"with intellectual property issues."
+"<quote>copyright</quote>.  Without it, restrictions imposed by those "
+"licenses wouldn't work. Thus, to say it <quote>runs counter</quote> to the "
+"mission of promoting intellectual property rights reveals an extraordinary "
+"gap in understanding&mdash;the sort of mistake that is excusable in a "
+"first-year law student, but an embarrassment from a high government official "
+"dealing with intellectual property issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13693
+msgid "generic drugs"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12625
+#: freeculture.xml:13696

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to \"promote\" "
-"intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the preparatory "
-"conference of WSIS, WIPO is to consider not only how best to protect "
-"intellectual property, but also what the best balance of intellectual "
-"property is. As every economist and lawyer knows, the hard question in "
-"intellectual property law is to find that balance. But that there should be "
-"limits is, I had thought, uncontested. One wants to ask Ms. Boland, are "
-"generic drugs (drugs based on drugs whose patent has expired) contrary to "
-"the WIPO mission? Does the public domain weaken intellectual property? Would "
-"it have been better if the protocols of the Internet had been patented?"
+"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
+"<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
+"scolded at the preparatory conference of WSIS, WIPO is to consider not only "
+"how best to protect intellectual property, but also what the best balance of "
+"intellectual property is. As every economist and lawyer knows, the hard "
+"question in intellectual property law is to find that balance. But that "
+"there should be limits is, I had thought, uncontested. One wants to ask "
+"Ms. Boland, are generic drugs (drugs based on drugs whose patent has "
+"expired) contrary to the WIPO mission? Does the public domain weaken "
+"intellectual property? Would it have been better if the protocols of the "
+"Internet had been patented?"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12638
+#: freeculture.xml:13710

 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
 "are held by individuals and corporations. They get to decide what to do with "
 msgid ""
 "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
 "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
 "are held by individuals and corporations. They get to decide what to do with "

-"those rights because, again, they are their rights. If they want to "
-"\"waive\" or \"disclaim\" their rights, that is, within our tradition, "
-"totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives away more than $20 billion to do "
-"good in the world, that is not inconsistent with the objectives of the "
-"property system. That is, on the contrary, just what a property system is "
-"supposed to be about: giving individuals the right to decide what to do with "
-"their property.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"those rights because, again, they are <emphasis>their</emphasis> rights. If "
+"they want to <quote>waive</quote> or <quote>disclaim</quote> their rights, "
+"that is, within our tradition, totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives "
+"away more than $20 billion to do good in the world, that is not inconsistent "
+"with the objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just "
+"what a property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right "
+"to decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 274 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12651
-msgid ""
-"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting \"which "
-"has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,\" she's saying that "
-"WIPO has an interest in interfering with the choices of the individuals who "
-"own intellectual property rights. That somehow, WIPO's objective should be "
-"to stop an individual from \"waiving\" or \"disclaiming\" an intellectual "
-"property right. That the interest of WIPO is not just that intellectual "
-"property rights be maximized, but that they also should be exercised in the "
-"most extreme and restrictive way possible."
+#: freeculture.xml:13724
+msgid ""
+"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
+"<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
+"she's saying that WIPO has an interest in interfering with the choices of "
+"the individuals who own intellectual property rights. That somehow, WIPO's "
+"objective should be to stop an individual from <quote>waiving</quote> or "
+"<quote>disclaiming</quote> an intellectual property right. That the interest "
+"of WIPO is not just that intellectual property rights be maximized, but that "
+"they also should be exercised in the most extreme and restrictive way "
+"possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13735
+msgid "feudal system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13736
+msgid "feudal system of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12663
+#: freeculture.xml:13738

 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
 msgid ""
 "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "

-"Anglo-American tradition. It is called \"feudalism.\" Under feudalism, not "
-"only was property held by a relatively small number of individuals and "
-"entities. And not only were the rights that ran with that property powerful "
-"and extensive. But the feudal system had a strong interest in assuring that "
-"property holders within that system not weaken feudalism by liberating "
-"people or property within their control to the free market. Feudalism "
-"depended upon maximum control and concentration. It fought any freedom that "
-"might interfere with that control."
+"Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
+"feudalism, not only was property held by a relatively small number of "
+"individuals and entities. And not only were the rights that ran with that "
+"property powerful and extensive. But the feudal system had a strong interest "
+"in assuring that property holders within that system not weaken feudalism by "
+"liberating people or property within their control to the free "
+"market. Feudalism depended upon maximum control and concentration. It fought "
+"any freedom that might interfere with that control."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12680
+#: freeculture.xml:13755

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210&ndash;20.  "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
+"210&ndash;20.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12677
+#: freeculture.xml:13752

 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> We will have an information society. That much is certain. Our "
 msgid ""
 "As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
 "are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 "id=\"0\"/> We will have an information society. That much is certain. Our "

-"only choice now is whether that information society will be free or "
-"feudal. The trend is toward the feudal."
+"only choice now is whether that information society will be "
+"<emphasis>free</emphasis> or <emphasis>feudal</emphasis>. The trend is "
+"toward the feudal."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12688
+#: freeculture.xml:13766

 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
 msgid ""
 "When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
 "section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "


@@ -15912,20 +19049,20 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 275 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12695
+#: freeculture.xml:13775

 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
 msgid ""
 "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "

-"should be (\"the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should be to "
-"promote the right balance of intellectual property rights, not simply to "
-"promote intellectual property rights\"), not as it is. If we were talking "
-"about the world as it is, then of course Boland didn't say anything "
+"should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
+"be to promote the right balance of intellectual property rights, not simply "
+"to promote intellectual property rights</quote>), not as it is. If we were "
+"talking about the world as it is, then of course Boland didn't say anything "

 "wrong. But in the world as Lessig would have it, then of course she "
 "did. Always pay attention to the distinction between Lessig's world and "
 "ours."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 "wrong. But in the world as Lessig would have it, then of course she "
 "did. Always pay attention to the distinction between Lessig's world and "
 "ours."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12707
+#: freeculture.xml:13787

 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
 msgid ""
 "I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
 "the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "


@@ -15938,18 +19075,19 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12717
+#: freeculture.xml:13798

 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "
 msgid ""
 "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea.  Instead, the "

-"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the \"goal\" of "
-"a government should be \"to promote the right balance\" of intellectual "
-"property. That was obviously silly to him. And it obviously betrayed, he "
-"believed, my own silly utopianism. \"Typical for an academic,\" the poster "
-"might well have continued."
+"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
+"<quote>goal</quote> of a government should be <quote>to promote the right "
+"balance</quote> of intellectual property. That was obviously silly to "
+"him. And it obviously betrayed, he believed, my own silly "
+"utopianism. <quote>Typical for an academic,</quote> the poster might well "
+"have continued."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12725
+#: freeculture.xml:13806

 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
 msgid ""
 "I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
 "too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "


@@ -15957,21 +19095,22 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12731
+#: freeculture.xml:13812

 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
 msgid ""
 "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "

-"should be to \"seek balance,\" then count me with the silly, for that means "
-"that this has become quite serious indeed. If it should be obvious to "
-"everyone that the government does not seek balance, that the government is "
-"simply the tool of the most powerful lobbyists, that the idea of holding the "
-"government to a different standard is absurd, that the idea of demanding of "
-"the government that it speak truth and not lies is just na&iuml;ve, then who "
-"have we, the most powerful democracy in the world, become?"
+"should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
+"that means that this has become quite serious indeed. If it should be "
+"obvious to everyone that the government does not seek balance, that the "
+"government is simply the tool of the most powerful lobbyists, that the idea "
+"of holding the government to a different standard is absurd, that the idea "
+"of demanding of the government that it speak truth and not lies is just "
+"na&iuml;ve, then who have we, the most powerful democracy in the world, "
+"become?"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 276 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12742
+#: freeculture.xml:13823

 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
 msgid ""
 "It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
 "truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "


@@ -15981,21 +19120,31 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12751
+#: freeculture.xml:13831
+msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13835
+msgid "Turner, Ted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:13837

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon.  There are moments "
-"of hope in this struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was "
-"considering relaxing ownership rules, which would thereby further increase "
-"the concentration in media ownership, an extraordinary bipartisan coalition "
-"formed to fight this change. For perhaps the first time in history, "
-"interests as diverse as the NRA, the ACLU, Moveon.org, William Safire, Ted "
-"Turner, and CodePink Women for Peace organized to oppose this change in FCC "
-"policy. An astonishing 700,000 letters were sent to the FCC, demanding more "
-"hearings and a different result."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
+"struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
+"ownership rules, which would thereby further increase the concentration in "
+"media ownership, an extraordinary bipartisan coalition formed to fight this "
+"change. For perhaps the first time in history, interests as diverse as the "
+"NRA, the ACLU, Moveon.org, William Safire, Ted Turner, and CodePink Women "
+"for Peace organized to oppose this change in FCC policy. An astonishing "
+"700,000 letters were sent to the FCC, demanding more hearings and a "
+"different result."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12763
+#: freeculture.xml:13848

 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
 msgid ""
 "This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
 "Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "


@@ -16005,7 +19154,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12771
+#: freeculture.xml:13856

 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
 msgid ""
 "But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle.  Largeness "
 "as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "


@@ -16015,7 +19164,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12778
+#: freeculture.xml:13863

 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
 msgid ""
 "The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
 "instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "


@@ -16027,164 +19176,182 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12788
+#: freeculture.xml:13873

 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
 "bigness alone, it is not terribly surprising. We Americans have a long "
 msgid ""
 "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
 "and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
 "bigness alone, it is not terribly surprising. We Americans have a long "

-"history of fighting \"big,\" wisely or not. That we could be motivated to "
-"fight \"big\" again is not something new."
+"history of fighting <quote>big,</quote> wisely or not. That we could be "
+"motivated to fight <quote>big</quote> again is not something new."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12795
+#: freeculture.xml:13880

 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
 msgid ""
 "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
 "could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "

-"\"intellectual property.\" Not because balance is alien to our tradition; "
-"indeed, as I've argued, balance is our tradition. But because the muscle to "
-"think critically about the scope of anything called \"property\" is not well "
-"exercised within this tradition anymore."
+"<quote>intellectual property.</quote> Not because balance is alien to our "
+"tradition; indeed, as I've argued, balance is our tradition. But because the "
+"muscle to think critically about the scope of anything called "
+"<quote>property</quote> is not well exercised within this tradition anymore."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12803
+#: freeculture.xml:13888

 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid ""
 "If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
 "tragedy."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:12806
+#: freeculture.xml:13891

 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgid "Dylan, Bob"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f11. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12811
+#: freeculture.xml:13897

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
-"8 September 2003, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and "
-"Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, \"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among "
-"261 Cited as Sharers,\" New York Daily News, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank "
-"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
-"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 September "
-"2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10 "
+"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "

 "September 2003, available at <ulink "
 "September 2003, available at <ulink "

+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, "
+"<quote>Music Industry Sues Swappers,</quote> CNN/Money, 8 September 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #66</ulink>; "
+"Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, <quote>Sued for a Song, "
+"N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,</quote> <citetitle>New York "
+"Daily News</citetitle>, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's "
+"Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl "
+"in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10 "
+"September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, <quote>Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f12. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12829
+#: freeculture.xml:13915

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued . . . by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, 17 "
-"September 2003, available at <ulink "
+"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued &hellip; by a Little Old "
+"Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f13. 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 334 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12836
+#: freeculture.xml:13922

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
-"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
+"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
+"Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12808
-msgid ""
-"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA "
-"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been sued for \"sampling\" "
-"someone else's music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The story "
-"about Bob Dylan \"stealing\" from a Japanese author has just finished making "
-"the rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An insider from "
-"Hollywood&mdash;who insists he must remain anonymous&mdash;reports \"an "
+#: freeculture.xml:13893
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
+"filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
+"individuals.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been "
+"sued for <quote>sampling</quote> someone else's music.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The story about Bob Dylan "
+"<quote>stealing</quote> from a Japanese author has just finished making the "
+"rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An insider from "
+"Hollywood&mdash;who insists he must remain anonymous&mdash;reports <quote>an "

 "amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got extraordinary [old] "
 "content that they'd love to use but can't because they can't begin to clear "
 "the rights. They've got scores of kids who could do amazing things with the "
 "amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got extraordinary [old] "
 "content that they'd love to use but can't because they can't begin to clear "
 "the rights. They've got scores of kids who could do amazing things with the "

-"content, but it would take scores of lawyers to clean it first.\" "
+"content, but it would take scores of lawyers to clean it first.</quote> "

 "Congressmen are talking about deputizing computer viruses to bring down "
 "computers thought to violate the law. Universities are threatening expulsion "
 "for kids who use a computer to share content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Congressmen are talking about deputizing computer viruses to bring down "
 "computers thought to violate the law. Universities are threatening expulsion "
 "for kids who use a computer to share content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12853 freeculture.xml:13203
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13939
+msgid "BBC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13940
+msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13941 freeculture.xml:14332

 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
 msgid "Creative Commons"
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>

-#: freeculture.xml:12854
+#: freeculture.xml:13942

 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13943
+msgid "public creative archive in"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 #.  f14. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12859
+#: freeculture.xml:13948

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" BBC press release, 24 "
-"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#70</ulink>."
+"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
+"release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #70</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f15. 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12868
+#: freeculture.xml:13957

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6 August 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</ulink>."
+"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
+"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#71</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 278 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12856
+#: freeculture.xml:13945

 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
 msgid ""
 "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "

-"will build a \"Creative Archive,\" from which British citizens can download "
-"BBC content, and rip, mix, and burn it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> And in Brazil, the culture minister, Gilberto Gil, himself a folk "
-"hero of Brazilian music, has joined with Creative Commons to release content "
-"and free licenses in that Latin American country.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> I've told a dark story. The truth is more "
-"mixed. A technology has given us a new freedom. Slowly, some begin to "
-"understand that this freedom need not mean anarchy. We can carry a free "
-"culture into the twenty-first century, without artists losing and without "
-"the potential of digital technology being destroyed. It will take some "
-"thought, and more importantly, it will take some will to transform the RCAs "
-"of our day into the Causbys."
+"will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
+"can download BBC content, and rip, mix, and burn it.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And in Brazil, the culture minister, Gilberto "
+"Gil, himself a folk hero of Brazilian music, has joined with Creative "
+"Commons to release content and free licenses in that Latin American "
+"country.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> I've told a dark "
+"story. The truth is more mixed. A technology has given us a new "
+"freedom. Slowly, some begin to understand that this freedom need not mean "
+"anarchy. We can carry a free culture into the twenty-first century, without "
+"artists losing and without the potential of digital technology being "
+"destroyed. It will take some thought, and more importantly, it will take "
+"some will to transform the RCAs of our day into the Causbys."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 279 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12882
+#: freeculture.xml:13971

 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
 msgid ""
 "Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
 "potential is ever to be realized."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:12890
-msgid "AFTERWORD"
+#: freeculture.xml:13979
+msgid "Afterword"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 280 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12894
+#: freeculture.xml:13983

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"At least some who have read this far will agree with me that something must "
-"be done to change where we are heading. The balance of this book maps what "
-"might be done."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
+"agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
+"heading. The balance of this book maps what might be done."

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12899
+#: freeculture.xml:13988

 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
 msgid ""
 "I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
 "which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "


@@ -16193,7 +19360,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12905
+#: freeculture.xml:13994

 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
 msgid ""
 "That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
 "significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "


@@ -16202,7 +19369,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:12912
+#: freeculture.xml:14001

 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
 msgid ""
 "Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
 "an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "


@@ -16211,169 +19378,212 @@ msgid ""
 "Congress could make to better secure a free culture."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Congress could make to better secure a free culture."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12921
-msgid "US, NOW"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14010
+msgid "Us, now"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12923
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14012

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Common sense is with the copyright warriors because the debate so far has "
-"been framed at the extremes&mdash;as a grand either/or: either property or "
-"anarchy, either total control or artists won't be paid. If that really is "
-"the choice, then the warriors should win."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
+"warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes&mdash;as "
+"a grand either/or: either property or anarchy, either total control or "
+"artists won't be paid. If that really is the choice, then the warriors "
+"should win."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12929
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14019

 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
 msgid ""
 "The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
 "this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "

-"believe in maximal copyright&mdash;\"All Rights Reserved\"&mdash; and those "
-"who reject copyright&mdash;\"No Rights Reserved.\" The \"All Rights "
-"Reserved\" sorts believe that you should ask permission before you \"use\" a "
-"copyrighted work in any way. The \"No Rights Reserved\" sorts believe you "
-"should be able to do with content as you wish, regardless of whether you "
-"have permission or not."
+"believe in maximal copyright&mdash;<quote>All Rights Reserved</quote>&mdash; "
+"and those who reject copyright&mdash;<quote>No Rights Reserved.</quote> The "
+"<quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts believe that you should ask "
+"permission before you <quote>use</quote> a copyrighted work in any way. The "
+"<quote>No Rights Reserved</quote> sorts believe you should be able to do "
+"with content as you wish, regardless of whether you have permission or not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14029
+msgid "initial free character of"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 282 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12939
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14031

 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
 msgid ""
 "When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "

-"tilted in the \"no rights reserved\" direction. Content could be copied "
-"perfectly and cheaply; rights could not easily be controlled. Thus, "
+"tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
+"copied perfectly and cheaply; rights could not easily be controlled. Thus, "

 "regardless of anyone's desire, the effective regime of copyright under the "
 "regardless of anyone's desire, the effective regime of copyright under the "

-"original design of the Internet was \"no rights reserved.\" Content was "
-"\"taken\" regardless of the rights. Any rights were effectively unprotected."
+"original design of the Internet was <quote>no rights reserved.</quote> "
+"Content was <quote>taken</quote> regardless of the rights. Any rights were "
+"effectively unprotected."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12951
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14043

 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
 "legislation, litigation, and changes to the network's design, copyright "
 "holders have been able to change the essential character of the environment "
 "of the original Internet. If the original architecture made the effective "
 msgid ""
 "This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
 "by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
 "legislation, litigation, and changes to the network's design, copyright "
 "holders have been able to change the essential character of the environment "
 "of the original Internet. If the original architecture made the effective "

-"default \"no rights reserved,\" the future architecture will make the "
-"effective default \"all rights reserved.\" The architecture and law that "
-"surround the Internet's design will increasingly produce an environment "
-"where all use of content requires permission.  The \"cut and paste\" world "
-"that defines the Internet today will become a \"get permission to cut and "
-"paste\" world that is a creator's nightmare."
+"default <quote>no rights reserved,</quote> the future architecture will make "
+"the effective default <quote>all rights reserved.</quote> The architecture "
+"and law that surround the Internet's design will increasingly produce an "
+"environment where all use of content requires permission.  The <quote>cut "
+"and paste</quote> world that defines the Internet today will become a "
+"<quote>get permission to cut and paste</quote> world that is a creator's "
+"nightmare."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12965
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14059

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither \"all "
-"rights reserved\" nor \"no rights reserved\" but \"some rights "
-"reserved\"&mdash; and thus a way to respect copyrights but enable creators "
-"to free content as they see fit. In other words, we need a way to restore a "
-"set of freedoms that we could just take for granted before."
+"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle&mdash;neither "
+"<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
+"<quote>some rights reserved</quote>&mdash; and thus a way to respect "
+"copyrights but enable creators to free content as they see fit. In other "
+"words, we need a way to restore a set of freedoms that we could just take "
+"for granted before."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:12974
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14067

 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12976
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14068
+msgid "restoration efforts on previous aspects of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14070
+msgid "privacy rights"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14072

 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
 "Internet, most of us didn't have to worry much about data about our lives "
 "that we broadcast to the world. If you walked into a bookstore and browsed "
 "through some of the works of Karl Marx, you didn't need to worry about "
 msgid ""
 "If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
 "recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
 "Internet, most of us didn't have to worry much about data about our lives "
 "that we broadcast to the world. If you walked into a bookstore and browsed "
 "through some of the works of Karl Marx, you didn't need to worry about "

-"explaining your browsing habits to your neighbors or boss. The \"privacy\" "
-"of your browsing habits was assured."
+"explaining your browsing habits to your neighbors or boss. The "
+"<quote>privacy</quote> of your browsing habits was assured."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12986
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14082

 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "What made it assured?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12990
-msgid ""
-"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter 10, your "
-"privacy was assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering "
-"data and hence a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather "
-"that data. If you were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, "
-"no doubt your privacy would not be assured.  But that's because the CIA "
-"would (we hope) find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to "
-"track you. But for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The "
-"highly inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly "
-"robust amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not "
-"by law (there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in "
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14086
+msgid ""
+"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
+"assured because of an inefficient architecture for gathering data and hence "
+"a market constraint (cost) on anyone who wanted to gather that data. If you "
+"were a suspected spy for North Korea, working for the CIA, no doubt your "
+"privacy would not be assured.  But that's because the CIA would (we hope) "
+"find it valuable enough to spend the thousands required to track you. But "
+"for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The highly "
+"inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly robust "
+"amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not by law "
+"(there is no law protecting <quote>privacy</quote> in public places), and in "

 "many places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, "
 "by the costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
 msgstr ""
 
 "many places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, "
 "by the costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13004
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14101

 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Amazon"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13006
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14102
+msgid "cookies, Internet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14103
+msgid "privacy protection on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14105

 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
 "pages, Amazon collects the data about what you've looked at. You know this "
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
 "become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
 "pages, Amazon collects the data about what you've looked at. You know this "

-"because at the side of the page, there's a list of \"recently viewed\" "
-"pages. Now, because of the architecture of the Net and the function of "
-"cookies on the Net, it is easier to collect the data than not. The friction "
-"has disappeared, and hence any \"privacy\" protected by the friction "
-"disappears, too."
+"because at the side of the page, there's a list of <quote>recently "
+"viewed</quote> pages. Now, because of the architecture of the Net and the "
+"function of cookies on the Net, it is easier to collect the data than "
+"not. The friction has disappeared, and hence any <quote>privacy</quote> "
+"protected by the friction disappears, too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14114
+msgid "privacy rights in use of"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13016
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14116

 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
 msgid ""
 "Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
 "libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "

-"should have the \"right\" to browse in a library without the government "
-"knowing which books you look at (I'm one of those lefties, too), then this "
-"change in the technology of monitoring might concern you. If it becomes "
-"simple to gather and sort who does what in electronic spaces, then the "
-"friction-induced privacy of yesterday disappears."
+"should have the <quote>right</quote> to browse in a library without the "
+"government knowing which books you look at (I'm one of those lefties, too), "
+"then this change in the technology of monitoring might concern you. If it "
+"becomes simple to gather and sort who does what in electronic spaces, then "
+"the friction-induced privacy of yesterday disappears."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13032
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14134

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, \"Fair Information Practices and the "
-"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" Stanford Technology Law "
-"Review 1 (2001): par. 6&ndash;18, available at <ulink "
+"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
+"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Stanford Technology Law Review</citetitle> 1 (2001): "
+"par. 6&ndash;18, available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink> (describing examples "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink> (describing examples "

-"in which technology defines privacy policy). See also Jeffrey Rosen, The "
-"Naked Crowd: Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an Anxious Age (New York: "
-"Random House, 2004) (mapping tradeoffs between technology and privacy)."
+"in which technology defines privacy policy). See also Jeffrey Rosen, "
+"<citetitle>The Naked Crowd: Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an Anxious "
+"Age</citetitle> (New York: Random House, 2004) (mapping tradeoffs between "
+"technology and privacy)."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 284 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13026
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14128

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define \"privacy\" on "
-"the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove what friction "
-"before gave us that leads many to push for laws to do what friction "
-"did.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And whether you're in favor of "
-"those laws or not, it is the pattern that is important here. We must take "
-"affirmative steps to secure a kind of freedom that was passively provided "
-"before. A change in technology now forces those who believe in privacy to "
-"affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
+"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
+"<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
+"technology can remove what friction before gave us that leads many to push "
+"for laws to do what friction did.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"And whether you're in favor of those laws or not, it is the pattern that is "
+"important here. We must take affirmative steps to secure a kind of freedom "
+"that was passively provided before. A change in technology now forces those "
+"who believe in privacy to affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given "
+"by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14153
+msgid "Data General"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13050
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14157

 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "
 msgid ""
 "A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
 "movement. When computers with software were first made available "


@@ -16383,13 +19593,13 @@ msgid ""
 "about controlling their software."
 msgstr ""
 
 "about controlling their software."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13057
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14164

 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Stallman, Richard"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13059
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14166

 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
 msgid ""
 "That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
 "researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "


@@ -16398,8 +19608,8 @@ msgid ""
 "the freedom to add to or modify other people's work."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the freedom to add to or modify other people's work."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13067
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14174

 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
 msgid ""
 "In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
 "math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "


@@ -16412,8 +19622,13 @@ msgid ""
 "else?"
 msgstr ""
 
 "else?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13079
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14185
+msgid "proprietary code"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14187

 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
 msgid ""
 "No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
 "computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "


@@ -16425,8 +19640,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 285 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13088
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14196

 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "
 msgid ""
 "Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
 "1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code.  The world of "


@@ -16435,17 +19650,24 @@ msgid ""
 "share software would be fundamentally weakened."
 msgstr ""
 
 "share software would be fundamentally weakened."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13097
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14205
+msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14207

 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
 msgid ""
 "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
 "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "

-"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" kernel "
-"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system."
+"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's "
+"<quote>Linux</quote> kernel was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating "
+"system.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13103
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14215

 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
 msgid ""
 "Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
 "that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "


@@ -16457,8 +19679,8 @@ msgid ""
 "innovative creative code was a byproduct."
 msgstr ""
 
 "innovative creative code was a byproduct."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13114
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14226

 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
 msgid ""
 "Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
 "privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "


@@ -16468,17 +19690,37 @@ msgid ""
 "passively guaranteed."
 msgstr ""
 
 "passively guaranteed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13122
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14236
+msgid "scientific journals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14238

 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
 "journals are produced."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
 "the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
 "journals are produced."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14242
+msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14244 freeculture.xml:14280
+msgid "journals in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14245
+msgid "access to opinions of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 286 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13127
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14247

 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
 msgid ""
 "As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
 "printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "


@@ -16494,8 +19736,18 @@ msgid ""
 "opinion through their respective services."
 msgstr ""
 
 "opinion through their respective services."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13143
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14262
+msgid "access fees for material in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14263
+msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14265

 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
 msgid ""
 "There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
 "charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "


@@ -16506,16 +19758,16 @@ msgid ""
 "the public domain."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the public domain."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13152
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14276

 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
 "data except by paying for a subscription?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
 "through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
 "data except by paying for a subscription?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13157
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14282

 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
 msgid ""
 "As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
 "scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "


@@ -16529,8 +19781,8 @@ msgid ""
 "paper journal."
 msgstr ""
 
 "paper journal."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13169
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14294

 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
 msgid ""
 "As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
 "libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "


@@ -16540,8 +19792,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 287 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13177
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14304

 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
 msgid ""
 "This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
 "freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "


@@ -16554,8 +19806,8 @@ msgid ""
 "inhibit the right of anyone to redistribute the work for free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "inhibit the right of anyone to redistribute the work for free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13190
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14318

 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "
 msgid ""
 "This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
 "before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets.  There's no "


@@ -16565,65 +19817,72 @@ msgid ""
 "it helps spread knowledge and science."
 msgstr ""
 
 "it helps spread knowledge and science."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13201
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14331

 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13206
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14334

 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
 "increasing control effected through law and technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13210
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14337
+msgid "Stanford University"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14339

 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
 msgid ""
 "Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
 "established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "

-"aim is to build a layer of reasonable copyright on top of the extremes that "
-"now reign. It does this by making it easy for people to build upon other "
-"people's work, by making it simple for creators to express the freedom for "
-"others to take and build upon their work. Simple tags, tied to "
-"human-readable descriptions, tied to bulletproof licenses, make this "
+"aim is to build a layer of <emphasis>reasonable</emphasis> copyright on top "
+"of the extremes that now reign. It does this by making it easy for people to "
+"build upon other people's work, by making it simple for creators to express "
+"the freedom for others to take and build upon their work. Simple tags, tied "
+"to human-readable descriptions, tied to bulletproof licenses, make this "

 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 288 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13220
-msgid ""
-"Simple&mdash;which means without a middleman, or without a lawyer.  By "
-"developing a free set of licenses that people can attach to their content, "
-"Creative Commons aims to mark a range of content that can easily, and "
-"reliably, be built upon. These tags are then linked to machine-readable "
-"versions of the license that enable computers automatically to identify "
-"content that can easily be shared. These three expressions together&mdash;a "
-"legal license, a human-readable description, and machine-readable "
-"tags&mdash;constitute a Creative Commons license. A Creative Commons license "
-"constitutes a grant of freedom to anyone who accesses the license, and more "
-"importantly, an expression of the ideal that the person associated with the "
-"license believes in something different than the \"All\" or \"No\" "
-"extremes. Content is marked with the CC mark, which does not mean that "
-"copyright is waived, but that certain freedoms are given."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13238
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14350
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>&mdash;which means without a middleman, or "
+"without a lawyer.  By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
+"attach to their content, Creative Commons aims to mark a range of content "
+"that can easily, and reliably, be built upon. These tags are then linked to "
+"machine-readable versions of the license that enable computers automatically "
+"to identify content that can easily be shared. These three expressions "
+"together&mdash;a legal license, a human-readable description, and "
+"machine-readable tags&mdash;constitute a Creative Commons license. A "
+"Creative Commons license constitutes a grant of freedom to anyone who "
+"accesses the license, and more importantly, an expression of the ideal that "
+"the person associated with the license believes in something different than "
+"the <quote>All</quote> or <quote>No</quote> extremes. Content is marked with "
+"the CC mark, which does not mean that copyright is waived, but that certain "
+"freedoms are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14368

 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
 "license that permits any use, so long as attribution is given. She can "
 "choose a license that permits only noncommercial use.  She can choose a "
 "license that permits any use so long as the same freedoms are given to other "
 msgid ""
 "These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
 "contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
 "license that permits any use, so long as attribution is given. She can "
 "choose a license that permits only noncommercial use.  She can choose a "
 "license that permits any use so long as the same freedoms are given to other "

-"uses (\"share and share alike\"). Or any use so long as no derivative use is "
-"made. Or any use at all within developing nations. Or any sampling use, so "
-"long as full copies are not made. Or lastly, any educational use."
+"uses (<quote>share and share alike</quote>). Or any use so long as no "
+"derivative use is made. Or any use at all within developing nations. Or any "
+"sampling use, so long as full copies are not made. Or lastly, any "
+"educational use."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13249
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14379

 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
 msgid ""
 "These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
 "copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "


@@ -16635,51 +19894,53 @@ msgid ""
 "that content will in turn enable us to rebuild a public domain."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that content will in turn enable us to rebuild a public domain."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13270
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14389

 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Garlick, Mia"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13260
+#.  PAGE BREAK 289 
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14391

 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
 "freedoms. But the point that distinguishes the Creative Commons from many is "
 "that we are not interested only in talking about a public domain or in "
 "getting legislators to help build a public domain. Our aim is to build a "
 msgid ""
 "This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons.  And of "
 "course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
 "freedoms. But the point that distinguishes the Creative Commons from many is "
 "that we are not interested only in talking about a public domain or in "
 "getting legislators to help build a public domain. Our aim is to build a "

-"movement of consumers and producers of content (\"content conducers,\" as "
-"attorney Mia Garlick calls them)  who help build the public domain and, by "
-"their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other "
-"creativity.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"movement of consumers and producers of content (<quote>content "
+"conducers,</quote> as attorney Mia Garlick calls them)  who help build the "
+"public domain and, by their work, demonstrate the importance of the public "
+"domain to other creativity."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13273
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14404

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The aim is not to fight the \"All Rights Reserved\" sorts. The aim is to "
-"complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a culture are "
-"produced by insane and unintended consequences of laws written centuries "
-"ago, applied to a technology that only Jefferson could have imagined. The "
-"rules may well have made sense against a background of technologies from "
-"centuries ago, but they do not make sense against the background of digital "
-"technologies. New rules&mdash;with different freedoms, expressed in ways so "
-"that humans without lawyers can use them&mdash;are needed. Creative Commons "
-"gives people a way effectively to begin to build those rules."
+"The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
+"aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
+"culture are produced by insane and unintended consequences of laws written "
+"centuries ago, applied to a technology that only Jefferson could have "
+"imagined. The rules may well have made sense against a background of "
+"technologies from centuries ago, but they do not make sense against the "
+"background of digital technologies. New rules&mdash;with different freedoms, "
+"expressed in ways so that humans without lawyers can use them&mdash;are "
+"needed. Creative Commons gives people a way effectively to begin to build "
+"those rules."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13285
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14417

 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
 msgid ""
 "Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
 "to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "

-"fiction author. His first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, was "
-"released on-line and for free, under a Creative Commons license, on the same "
-"day that it went on sale in bookstores."
+"fiction author. His first novel, <citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic "
+"Kingdom</citetitle>, was released on-line and for free, under a Creative "
+"Commons license, on the same day that it went on sale in bookstores."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13292
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14424

 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "
 msgid ""
 "Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
 "like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1)  those who will buy "


@@ -16689,76 +19950,102 @@ msgid ""
 "it. Call them bad-(1)s. Some part of (2)  will download Cory's book, like "
 "it, and then decide to buy it. Call them (2)-goods.  If there are more "
 "(2)-goods than bad-(1)s, the strategy of releasing Cory's book free on-line "
 "it. Call them bad-(1)s. Some part of (2)  will download Cory's book, like "
 "it, and then decide to buy it. Call them (2)-goods.  If there are more "
 "(2)-goods than bad-(1)s, the strategy of releasing Cory's book free on-line "

-"will probably increase sales of Cory's book."
+"will probably <emphasis>increase</emphasis> sales of Cory's book."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13304
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14436

 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
 "expected. This first novel of a science fiction author was a total success."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion.  "
 "The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
 "expected. This first novel of a science fiction author was a total success."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14441
+msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14442
+msgid "Wayner, Peter"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 290 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13310
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14444

 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
 msgid ""
 "The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
 "confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "

-"book about the free software movement titled Free for All, made an "
-"electronic version of his book free on-line under a Creative Commons license "
-"after the book went out of print. He then monitored used book store prices "
-"for the book. As predicted, as the number of downloads increased, the used "
-"book price for his book increased, as well."
+"book about the free software movement titled <citetitle>Free for "
+"All</citetitle>, made an electronic version of his book free on-line under a "
+"Creative Commons license after the book went out of print. He then monitored "
+"used book store prices for the book. As predicted, as the number of "
+"downloads increased, the used book price for his book increased, as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14455
+msgid "Public Enemy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14456
+msgid "rap music"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14457
+msgid "Leaphart, Walter"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13336
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14474

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real Culture Wars "
-"(2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg Hittelman, a Fiat Lucre "
-"production, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#72</ulink>."
+"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
+"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
+"Hittelman, a Fiat Lucre production, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13321
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14459

 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
 "are others who use Creative Commons licenses for other reasons. Many who use "
 msgid ""
 "These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
 "content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
 "are others who use Creative Commons licenses for other reasons. Many who use "

-"the \"sampling license\" do so because anything else would be "
+"the <quote>sampling license</quote> do so because anything else would be "

 "hypocritical. The sampling license says that others are free, for commercial "
 "or noncommercial purposes, to sample content from the licensed work; they "
 "are just not free to make full copies of the licensed work available to "
 "others. This is consistent with their own art&mdash;they, too, sample from "
 "hypocritical. The sampling license says that others are free, for commercial "
 "or noncommercial purposes, to sample content from the licensed work; they "
 "are just not free to make full copies of the licensed work available to "
 "others. This is consistent with their own art&mdash;they, too, sample from "

-"others. Because the legal costs of sampling are so high (Walter Leaphart, "
-"manager of the rap group Public Enemy, which was born sampling the music of "
-"others, has stated that he does not \"allow\" Public Enemy to sample "
-"anymore, because the legal costs are so high<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>), these artists release into the creative environment content "
-"that others can build upon, so that their form of creativity might grow."
+"others. Because the <emphasis>legal</emphasis> costs of sampling are so high "
+"(Walter Leaphart, manager of the rap group Public Enemy, which was born "
+"sampling the music of others, has stated that he does not "
+"<quote>allow</quote> Public Enemy to sample anymore, because the legal costs "
+"are so high<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these artists release "
+"into the creative environment content that others can build upon, so that "
+"their form of creativity might grow."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13345
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14483

 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
 "balance in this debate. If you just go along with the system as it is, you "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
 "license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
 "balance in this debate. If you just go along with the system as it is, you "

-"are effectively saying you believe in the \"All Rights Reserved\" "
+"are effectively saying you believe in the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> "

 "model. Good for you, but many do not. Many believe that however appropriate "
 "that rule is for Hollywood and freaks, it is not an appropriate description "
 "of how most creators view the rights associated with their content. The "
 "model. Good for you, but many do not. Many believe that however appropriate "
 "that rule is for Hollywood and freaks, it is not an appropriate description "
 "of how most creators view the rights associated with their content. The "

-"Creative Commons license expresses this notion of \"Some Rights Reserved,\" "
-"and gives many the chance to say it to others."
+"Creative Commons license expresses this notion of <quote>Some Rights "
+"Reserved,</quote> and gives many the chance to say it to others."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 291 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13357
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14495

 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
 msgid ""
 "In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
 "objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "


@@ -16768,8 +20055,8 @@ msgid ""
 "build content based upon content set free."
 msgstr ""
 
 "build content based upon content set free."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13367
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14505

 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
 msgid ""
 "These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
 "arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "


@@ -16779,8 +20066,8 @@ msgid ""
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13375
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14513

 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
 msgid ""
 "Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
 "creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "


@@ -16790,23 +20077,23 @@ msgid ""
 "difference, we believe, will enable creativity to spread more easily."
 msgstr ""
 
 "difference, we believe, will enable creativity to spread more easily."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13389
-msgid "THEM, SOON"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14527
+msgid "Them, soon"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13391
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14529

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"We will not reclaim a free culture by individual action alone. It will also "
-"take important reforms of laws. We have a long way to go before the "
-"politicians will listen to these ideas and implement these reforms.  But "
-"that also means that we have time to build awareness around the changes that "
-"we need."
+"<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
+"individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
+"have a long way to go before the politicians will listen to these ideas and "
+"implement these reforms.  But that also means that we have time to build "
+"awareness around the changes that we need."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13398
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14536

 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
 msgid ""
 "In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
 "one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "


@@ -16814,13 +20101,13 @@ msgid ""
 "end."
 msgstr ""
 
 "end."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13405
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14543

 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "1. More Formalities"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13407
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14545

 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "
 msgid ""
 "If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
 "upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed.  If "


@@ -16829,39 +20116,40 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 293 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13414
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14552

 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
 "that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13419
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14557

 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
 "register. You don't even have to mark your content. The default is control, "
 msgid ""
 "In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
 "regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
 "register. You don't even have to mark your content. The default is control, "

-"and \"formalities\" are banished."
+"and <quote>formalities</quote> are banished."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13425
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14563

 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Why?"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13428
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14566

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As I suggested in chapter 10, the motivation to abolish formalities was a "
-"good one. In the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a "
-"burden on copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when "
-"the law relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to "
+"As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
+"one. In the world before digital technologies, formalities imposed a burden "
+"on copyright holders without much benefit. Thus, it was progress when the "
+"law relaxed the formal requirements that a copyright owner must bear to "

 "protect and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
 msgstr ""
 
 "protect and secure his work. Those formalities were getting in the way."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13436
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14575

 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
 msgid ""
 "But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
 "burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "


@@ -16870,21 +20158,21 @@ msgid ""
 "others. There are no records, there is no system to trace&mdash; there is no "
 "simple way to know how to get permission. Yet given the massive increase in "
 "the scope of copyright's rule, getting permission is a necessary step for "
 "others. There are no records, there is no system to trace&mdash; there is no "
 "simple way to know how to get permission. Yet given the massive increase in "
 "the scope of copyright's rule, getting permission is a necessary step for "

-"any work that builds upon our past. And thus, the lack of formalities forces "
-"many into silence where they otherwise could speak."
+"any work that builds upon our past. And thus, the <emphasis>lack</emphasis> "
+"of formalities forces many into silence where they otherwise could speak."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f1. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13450
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14589

 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
 "by other countries as well."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only.  "
 "Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
 "by other countries as well."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13448
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14587

 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "
 msgid ""
 "The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
 "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>&mdash;but it should not change it by going back "


@@ -16893,8 +20181,8 @@ msgid ""
 "these formalities."
 msgstr ""
 
 "these formalities."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13458
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14597

 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
 msgid ""
 "The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
 "copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "


@@ -16904,13 +20192,13 @@ msgid ""
 "approving standards developed by others."
 msgstr ""
 
 "approving standards developed by others."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13470
-msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14609
+msgid "Registration and renewal"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13472
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14611

 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
 msgid ""
 "Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
 "Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "


@@ -16924,8 +20212,8 @@ msgid ""
 "deal with the mess that is the Copyright Office."
 msgstr ""
 
 "deal with the mess that is the Copyright Office."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13485
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14624

 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
 msgid ""
 "Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
 "extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "


@@ -16936,8 +20224,8 @@ msgid ""
 "that the government sets."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that the government sets."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13494
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14633

 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "
 msgid ""
 "In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet.  There "
 "are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world.  Domain name "


@@ -16949,8 +20237,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 295 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13504
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14643

 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
 msgid ""
 "We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
 "copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "


@@ -16963,13 +20251,13 @@ msgid ""
 "would facilitate the licensing of content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "would facilitate the licensing of content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13519
-msgid "MARKING"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14658
+msgid "Marking"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13521
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14660

 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
 msgid ""
 "It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
 "work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "


@@ -16980,16 +20268,16 @@ msgid ""
 "be enforced uniformly across all media."
 msgstr ""
 
 "be enforced uniformly across all media."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13531
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14670

 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
 "to locate a copyright owner to secure permission to use the work."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
 "and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
 "to locate a copyright owner to secure permission to use the work."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13537
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14676

 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
 msgid ""
 "One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
 "different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "


@@ -17002,8 +20290,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f2. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14693

 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
 msgid ""
 "There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
 "here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "


@@ -17011,8 +20299,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 296 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13547
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14686

 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
 msgid ""
 "Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
 "published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "


@@ -17020,15 +20308,15 @@ msgid ""
 "anyone has the right to use this work, until the copyright owner complains "
 "and demonstrates that it is his work and he doesn't give "
 "permission.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The meaning of an "
 "anyone has the right to use this work, until the copyright owner complains "
 "and demonstrates that it is his work and he doesn't give "
 "permission.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The meaning of an "

-"unmarked work would therefore be \"use unless someone complains.\" If "
-"someone does complain, then the obligation would be to stop using the work "
-"in any new work from then on though no penalty would attach for existing "
-"uses.  This would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark "
-"their work."
+"unmarked work would therefore be <quote>use unless someone "
+"complains.</quote> If someone does complain, then the obligation would be to "
+"stop using the work in any new work from then on though no penalty would "
+"attach for existing uses.  This would create a strong incentive for "
+"copyright owners to mark their work."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13567
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14706

 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
 msgid ""
 "That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
 "again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "


@@ -17037,22 +20325,27 @@ msgid ""
 "elsewhere."
 msgstr ""
 
 "elsewhere."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13574
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14712
+msgid "copyright marking of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14714

 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
 "Office would hold a hearing, at which other proposals could be made. The "
 "Copyright Office would then select the proposal that it judged preferable, "
 msgid ""
 "For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
 "marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
 "Office would hold a hearing, at which other proposals could be made. The "
 "Copyright Office would then select the proposal that it judged preferable, "

-"and it would base that choice solely upon the consideration of which method "
-"could best be integrated into the registration and renewal system. We would "
-"not count on the government to innovate; but we would count on the "
-"government to keep the product of innovation in line with its other "
-"important functions."
+"and it would base that choice <emphasis>solely</emphasis> upon the "
+"consideration of which method could best be integrated into the registration "
+"and renewal system. We would not count on the government to innovate; but we "
+"would count on the government to keep the product of innovation in line with "
+"its other important functions."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13585
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14726

 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
 msgid ""
 "Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements.  "
 "If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "


@@ -17062,16 +20355,16 @@ msgid ""
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 
 "possible."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13593
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14734

 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
 "unclear."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
 "does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
 "unclear."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13598
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14739

 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "
 msgid ""
 "If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
 "difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed.  It "


@@ -17081,13 +20374,13 @@ msgid ""
 "the appropriate time."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the appropriate time."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13610
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14751

 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13612
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14753

 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
 msgid ""
 "The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
 "corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "


@@ -17095,26 +20388,29 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f3. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13624
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14766

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" Economist, 366:8308 (25 January 2003): 15, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</ulink>."
+"<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
+"(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13617
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14758

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"In The Future of Ideas, I proposed a seventy-five-year term, granted in "
-"five-year increments with a requirement of renewal every five years.  That "
-"seemed radical enough at the time. But after we lost Eldred v.  Ashcroft, "
-"the proposals became even more radical. The Economist endorsed a proposal "
-"for a fourteen-year copyright term.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
+"seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
+"of renewal every five years.  That seemed radical enough at the time. But "
+"after we lost <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, the proposals became even more "
+"radical. <citetitle>The Economist</citetitle> endorsed a proposal for a "
+"fourteen-year copyright term.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "

 "Others have proposed tying the term to the term for patents."
 msgstr ""
 
 "Others have proposed tying the term to the term for patents."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13631
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14773

 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
 msgid ""
 "I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
 "term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "


@@ -17122,96 +20418,104 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (1) 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13639
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14781

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Keep it short: The term should be as long as necessary to give incentives to "
-"create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong protections for "
-"authors (so authors were able to reclaim rights from publishers), rights to "
-"the same work (not derivative works) might be extended further. The key is "
-"not to tie the work up with legal regulations when it no longer benefits an "
-"author."
+"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
+"to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
+"protections for authors (so authors were able to reclaim rights from "
+"publishers), rights to the same work (not derivative works) might be "
+"extended further. The key is not to tie the work up with legal regulations "
+"when it no longer benefits an author."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (2) 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 298 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13647
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14790

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Keep it simple: The line between the public domain and protected content "
-"must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair use,\" and the "
-"distinction between \"ideas\" and \"expression.\" That kind of law gives "
-"them lots of work. But our framers had a simpler idea in mind: protected "
-"versus unprotected.  The value of short terms is that there is little need "
-"to build exceptions into copyright when the term itself is kept short. A "
-"clear and active \"lawyer-free zone\" makes the complexities of \"fair use\" "
-"and \"idea/expression\" less necessary to navigate."
+"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
+"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
+"<quote>fair use,</quote> and the distinction between <quote>ideas</quote> "
+"and <quote>expression.</quote> That kind of law gives them lots of work. But "
+"our framers had a simpler idea in mind: protected versus unprotected.  The "
+"value of short terms is that there is little need to build exceptions into "
+"copyright when the term itself is kept short. A clear and active "
+"<quote>lawyer-free zone</quote> makes the complexities of <quote>fair "
+"use</quote> and <quote>idea/expression</quote> less necessary to navigate."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14802
+msgid "veterans' pensions"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f4. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13667
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14813

 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
 "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #75</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
 "and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
 "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #75</ulink>."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13660
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14805

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Keep it alive: Copyright should have to be renewed.  Especially if the "
-"maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be required to signal "
-"periodically that he wants the protection continued. This need not be an "
-"onerous burden, but there is no reason this monopoly protection has to be "
-"granted for free. On average, it takes ninety minutes for a veteran to apply "
-"for a pension.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If we make veterans "
-"suffer that burden, I don't see why we couldn't require authors to spend ten "
-"minutes every fifty years to file a single form."
+"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed.  "
+"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
+"required to signal periodically that he wants the protection continued. This "
+"need not be an onerous burden, but there is no reason this monopoly "
+"protection has to be granted for free. On average, it takes ninety minutes "
+"for a veteran to apply for a pension.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> If we make veterans suffer that burden, I don't see why we "
+"couldn't require authors to spend ten minutes every fifty years to file a "
+"single form."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  (4) 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13678
-msgid ""
-"Keep it prospective: Whatever the term of copyright should be, the clearest "
-"lesson that economists teach is that a term once given should not be "
-"extended. It might have been a mistake in 1923 for the law to offer authors "
-"only a fifty-six-year term. I don't think so, but it's possible. If it was a "
-"mistake, then the consequence was that we got fewer authors to create in "
-"1923 than we otherwise would have. But we can't correct that mistake today "
-"by increasing the term. No matter what we do today, we will not increase the "
-"number of authors who wrote in 1923. Of course, we can increase the reward "
-"that those who write now get (or alternatively, increase the copyright "
-"burden that smothers many works that are today invisible). But increasing "
-"their reward will not increase their creativity in 1923.  What's not done is "
-"not done, and there's nothing we can do about that now."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13693
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14824

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"These changes together should produce an average copyright term that is much "
-"shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the average term was just 32.2 "
-"years. We should be aiming for the same."
+"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
+"should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
+"given should not be extended. It might have been a mistake in 1923 for the "
+"law to offer authors only a fifty-six-year term. I don't think so, but it's "
+"possible. If it was a mistake, then the consequence was that we got fewer "
+"authors to create in 1923 than we otherwise would have. But we can't correct "
+"that mistake today by increasing the term. No matter what we do today, we "
+"will not increase the number of authors who wrote in 1923. Of course, we can "
+"increase the reward that those who write now get (or alternatively, increase "
+"the copyright burden that smothers many works that are today invisible). But "
+"increasing their reward will not increase their creativity in 1923.  What's "
+"not done is not done, and there's nothing we can do about that now."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13698
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14840

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
-"call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer than "
-"the term under Richard Nixon. How \"radical\" can it be to ask for a more "
-"generous copyright law than Richard Nixon presided over?"
+"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
+"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
+"average term was just 32.2 years. We should be aiming for the same."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13708
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14846
+msgid ""
+"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
+"all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
+"recommended was longer than the term under Richard Nixon. How "
+"<quote>radical</quote> can it be to ask for a more generous copyright law "
+"than Richard Nixon presided over?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14856

 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13710
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14860

 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
 msgid ""
 "As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
 "property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "


@@ -17221,27 +20525,33 @@ msgid ""
 "technology."
 msgstr ""
 
 "technology."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13718
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14868

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors \"exclusive "
-"right\" to \"their writings.\" Congress has given authors an exclusive right "
-"to \"their writings\" plus any derivative writings (made by others) that are "
-"sufficiently close to the author's original work. Thus, if I write a book, "
-"and you base a movie on that book, I have the power to deny you the right to "
-"release that movie, even though that movie is not \"my writing.\""
+"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
+"right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
+"an exclusive right to <quote>their writings</quote> plus any derivative "
+"writings (made by others) that are sufficiently close to the author's "
+"original work. Thus, if I write a book, and you base a movie on that book, I "
+"have the power to deny you the right to release that movie, even though that "
+"movie is not <quote>my writing.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14876
+msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f5. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13731
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14882

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia "
-"University Press, 1967), 32."
+"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13727
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14878

 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
 msgid ""
 "Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
 "exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "


@@ -17252,13 +20562,13 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  f6. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13744
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14895

 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Ibid., 56."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13740
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14891

 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
 msgid ""
 "So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
 "of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "


@@ -17266,8 +20576,8 @@ msgid ""
 "abracadabra of idea and expression.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 "abracadabra of idea and expression.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13749
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14900

 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
 msgid ""
 "I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
 "the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "


@@ -17276,35 +20586,35 @@ msgid ""
 "each limitation in turn."
 msgstr ""
 
 "each limitation in turn."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13756
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14907

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Term: If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, then that right should "
-"be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect John Grisham's right "
-"to sell the movie rights to his latest novel (or at least I'm willing to "
-"assume it does); but it does not make sense for that right to run for the "
-"same term as the underlying copyright. The derivative right could be "
-"important in inducing creativity; it is not important long after the "
-"creative work is done.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
+"then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
+"John Grisham's right to sell the movie rights to his latest novel (or at "
+"least I'm willing to assume it does); but it does not make sense for that "
+"right to run for the same term as the underlying copyright. The derivative "
+"right could be important in inducing creativity; it is not important long "
+"after the creative work is done.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13768
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14920

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Scope: Likewise should the scope of derivative rights be narrowed.  Again, "
-"there are some cases in which derivative rights are important.  Those should "
-"be specified. But the law should draw clear lines around regulated and "
-"unregulated uses of copyrighted material. When all \"reuse\" of creative "
-"material was within the control of businesses, perhaps it made sense to "
-"require lawyers to negotiate the lines. It no longer makes sense for lawyers "
-"to negotiate the lines. Think about all the creative possibilities that "
-"digital technologies enable; now imagine pouring molasses into the "
-"machines. That's what this general requirement of permission does to the "
-"creative process. Smothers it."
+"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
+"be narrowed.  Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
+"important.  Those should be specified. But the law should draw clear lines "
+"around regulated and unregulated uses of copyrighted material. When all "
+"<quote>reuse</quote> of creative material was within the control of "
+"businesses, perhaps it made sense to require lawyers to negotiate the "
+"lines. It no longer makes sense for lawyers to negotiate the lines. Think "
+"about all the creative possibilities that digital technologies enable; now "
+"imagine pouring molasses into the machines. That's what this general "
+"requirement of permission does to the creative process. Smothers it."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13780
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14934

 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
 msgid ""
 "This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
 "Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "


@@ -17313,21 +20623,21 @@ msgid ""
 "unforeseeable. Here, a statutory right would make much more sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 "unforeseeable. Here, a statutory right would make much more sense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13796
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:14950

 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13794
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14948

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox "
-"(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 187&ndash;216.  <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
+"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
+"187&ndash;216.  <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13788
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14942

 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "
 msgid ""
 "In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
 "the presumption should be that other uses are not protected.  This is the "


@@ -17336,8 +20646,8 @@ msgid ""
 "that expanded protections follow expanded uses."
 msgstr ""
 
 "that expanded protections follow expanded uses."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13802
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14956

 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
 msgid ""
 "Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
 "system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "


@@ -17347,8 +20657,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 301 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13809
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14963

 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
 msgid ""
 "The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
 "part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "


@@ -17357,13 +20667,13 @@ msgid ""
 "would earn artists more income."
 msgstr ""
 
 "would earn artists more income."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13819
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:14973

 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "4. Liberate the Music&mdash;Again"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13821
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14975

 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
 msgid ""
 "The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
 "fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "


@@ -17372,8 +20682,8 @@ msgid ""
 "music."
 msgstr ""
 
 "music."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13828
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14982

 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
 msgid ""
 "The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
 "growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "


@@ -17383,8 +20693,8 @@ msgid ""
 "regulations that in the end kill innovation on the network."
 msgstr ""
 
 "regulations that in the end kill innovation on the network."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13837
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14991

 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
 msgid ""
 "The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
 "particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "


@@ -17393,26 +20703,27 @@ msgid ""
 "performing artist to control copies of her performance."
 msgstr ""
 
 "performing artist to control copies of her performance."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13844
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:14998

 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
 msgid ""
 "File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
 "content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "

-"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter 5, they enable "
-"four different kinds of sharing:"
+"all the file-sharing networks do. As I described in chapter <xref "
+"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"piracy\"/>, they enable four "
+"different kinds of sharing:"

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  A. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13852
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15007

 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 
 msgid ""
 "There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
 "CDs."
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  B. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13857
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15012

 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."
 msgid ""
 "There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
 "purchasing CDs."


@@ -17420,8 +20731,8 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 302 
 #.  C. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13863
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15018

 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "


@@ -17429,16 +20740,16 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  D. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13869
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15024

 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
 "endorses."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
 "that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
 "endorses."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13875
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15032

 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
 msgid ""
 "Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
 "avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "


@@ -17448,25 +20759,26 @@ msgid ""
 "weakened."
 msgstr ""
 
 "weakened."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13883
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15040

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"As I said in chapter 5, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "
+"As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
+"linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial.  "

 "For the purposes of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I "
 "assume, in other words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than "
 "type B, and is the dominant use of sharing networks."
 msgstr ""
 
 "For the purposes of this chapter, however, I assume the harm is real. I "
 "assume, in other words, that type A sharing is significantly greater than "
 "type B, and is the dominant use of sharing networks."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13890
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15048

 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
 "respond."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
 "that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
 "respond."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13895
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15053

 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
 msgid ""
 "Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
 "today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "


@@ -17480,8 +20792,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 303 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13907
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15065

 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
 msgid ""
 "But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
 "Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "


@@ -17496,103 +20808,112 @@ msgid ""
 "where with the flip of a device, you are connected."
 msgstr ""
 
 "where with the flip of a device, you are connected."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15079
+msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f8. 
 #.  f8. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13939
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15099

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
-"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#76</ulink>."
+"See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
+"Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #76</ulink>."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13922
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15081

 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
 "is streamed to the user when the user demands. Here, then, is the critical "
 msgid ""
 "In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
 "you access to content on the fly&mdash;such as Internet radio, content that "
 "is streamed to the user when the user demands. Here, then, is the critical "

-"point: When it is extremely easy to connect to services that give access to "
-"content, it will be easier to connect to services that give you access to "
-"content than it will be to download and store content on the many devices "
-"you will have for playing content. It will be easier, in other words, to "
-"subscribe than it will be to be a database manager, as everyone in the "
+"point: When it is <emphasis>extremely</emphasis> easy to connect to services "
+"that give access to content, it will be <emphasis>easier</emphasis> to "
+"connect to services that give you access to content than it will be to "
+"download and store content <emphasis>on the many devices you will have for "
+"playing content</emphasis>. It will be easier, in other words, to subscribe "
+"than it will be to be a database manager, as everyone in the "

 "download-sharing world of Napster-like technologies essentially is. Content "
 "services will compete with content sharing, even if the services charge "
 "money for the content they give access to. Already cell-phone services in "
 "Japan offer music (for a fee) streamed over cell phones (enhanced with plugs "
 "for headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though "
 "download-sharing world of Napster-like technologies essentially is. Content "
 "services will compete with content sharing, even if the services charge "
 "money for the content they give access to. Already cell-phone services in "
 "Japan offer music (for a fee) streamed over cell phones (enhanced with plugs "
 "for headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though "

-"\"free\" content is available in the form of MP3s across the "
+"<quote>free</quote> content is available in the form of MP3s across the "

 "Web.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 
 "Web.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 304 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13946
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15106

 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
 msgid ""
 "This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "

-"present: It is emphatically temporary. The \"problem\" with file "
+"present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "

 "sharing&mdash;to the extent there is a real problem&mdash;is a problem that "
 "will increasingly disappear as it becomes easier to connect to the "
 "Internet.  And thus it is an extraordinary mistake for policy makers today "
 "sharing&mdash;to the extent there is a real problem&mdash;is a problem that "
 "will increasingly disappear as it becomes easier to connect to the "
 "Internet.  And thus it is an extraordinary mistake for policy makers today "

-"to be \"solving\" this problem in light of a technology that will be gone "
-"tomorrow.  The question should not be how to regulate the Internet to "
-"eliminate file sharing (the Net will evolve that problem away). The question "
-"instead should be how to assure that artists get paid, during this "
+"to be <quote>solving</quote> this problem in light of a technology that will "
+"be gone tomorrow.  The question should not be how to regulate the Internet "
+"to eliminate file sharing (the Net will evolve that problem away). The "
+"question instead should be how to assure that artists get paid, during this "

 "transition between twentieth-century models for doing business and "
 "twenty-first-century technologies."
 msgstr ""
 
 "transition between twentieth-century models for doing business and "
 "twenty-first-century technologies."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13962
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15122

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different \"problems\" "
-"here to solve. Let's start with type D content&mdash;uncopyrighted content "
-"or copyrighted content that the artist wants shared. The \"problem\" with "
-"this content is to make sure that the technology that would enable this kind "
-"of sharing is not rendered illegal. You can think of it this way: Pay phones "
-"are used to deliver ransom demands, no doubt.  But there are many who need "
-"to use pay phones who have nothing to do with ransoms. It would be wrong to "
-"ban pay phones in order to eliminate kidnapping."
+"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
+"<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
+"content&mdash;uncopyrighted content or copyrighted content that the artist "
+"wants shared. The <quote>problem</quote> with this content is to make sure "
+"that the technology that would enable this kind of sharing is not rendered "
+"illegal. You can think of it this way: Pay phones are used to deliver ransom "
+"demands, no doubt.  But there are many who need to use pay phones who have "
+"nothing to do with ransoms. It would be wrong to ban pay phones in order to "
+"eliminate kidnapping."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13973
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15133

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Type C content raises a different \"problem.\" This is content that was, at "
-"one time, published and is no longer available. It may be unavailable "
-"because the artist is no longer valuable enough for the record label he "
-"signed with to carry his work. Or it may be unavailable because the work is "
-"forgotten. Either way, the aim of the law should be to facilitate the access "
-"to this content, ideally in a way that returns something to the artist."
+"Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
+"that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
+"unavailable because the artist is no longer valuable enough for the record "
+"label he signed with to carry his work. Or it may be unavailable because the "
+"work is forgotten. Either way, the aim of the law should be to facilitate "
+"the access to this content, ideally in a way that returns something to the "
+"artist."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13982
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15144

 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
 "and used book stores don't pay the copyright owner when someone reads or "
 "buys an out-of-print book. That makes total sense, of course, since any "
 "other system would be so burdensome as to eliminate the possibility of used "
 msgid ""
 "Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
 "it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
 "and used book stores don't pay the copyright owner when someone reads or "
 "buys an out-of-print book. That makes total sense, of course, since any "
 "other system would be so burdensome as to eliminate the possibility of used "

-"book stores' existing. But from the author's perspective, this \"sharing\" "
-"of his content without his being compensated is less than ideal."
+"book stores' existing. But from the author's perspective, this "
+"<quote>sharing</quote> of his content without his being compensated is less "
+"than ideal."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13992
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15154

 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
 "music available for sale, then commercial and noncommercial providers would "
 msgid ""
 "The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
 "out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
 "music available for sale, then commercial and noncommercial providers would "

-"be free, under this rule, to \"share\" that content, even though the sharing "
-"involved making a copy. The copy here would be incidental to the trade; in a "
-"context where commercial publishing has ended, trading music should be as "
-"free as trading books."
+"be free, under this rule, to <quote>share</quote> that content, even though "
+"the sharing involved making a copy. The copy here would be incidental to the "
+"trade; in a context where commercial publishing has ended, trading music "
+"should be as free as trading books."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 305 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14003
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15165

 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
 msgid ""
 "Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
 "that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "


@@ -17603,8 +20924,8 @@ msgid ""
 "artists would benefit from this trade."
 msgstr ""
 
 "artists would benefit from this trade."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14013
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15175

 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
 msgid ""
 "This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
 "available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "


@@ -17616,8 +20937,8 @@ msgid ""
 "publisher."
 msgstr ""
 
 "publisher."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14023
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15185

 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
 msgid ""
 "The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
 "because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "


@@ -17627,15 +20948,15 @@ msgid ""
 "content."
 msgstr ""
 
 "content."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14031
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15193

 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
 "this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14035
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15197

 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "
 msgid ""
 "Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
 "the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet)  has harmed a "


@@ -17648,8 +20969,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 306 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14046
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15208

 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "
 msgid ""
 "I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
 "asbestos.  But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law.  "


@@ -17659,50 +20980,60 @@ msgid ""
 "compensate those who are harmed."
 msgstr ""
 
 "compensate those who are harmed."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14090
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15215 freeculture.xml:15257
+msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15255

 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "Fisher, William"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14057
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15221

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"William Fisher, Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities (last revised: 10 "
-"October 2000), available at <ulink "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
+"<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
+"revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #77</ulink>; William Fisher, "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #77</ulink>; William Fisher, "

-"Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of Entertainment "
-"(forthcoming) (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), ch. 6, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #78</ulink>. Professor "
-"Netanel has proposed a related idea that would exempt noncommercial sharing "
-"from the reach of copyright and would establish compensation to artists to "
-"balance any loss. See Neil Weinstock Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use "
-"Levy to Allow Free P2P File Sharing,\" available at <ulink "
+"<citetitle>Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of "
+"Entertainment</citetitle> (forthcoming) (Stanford: Stanford University "
+"Press, 2004), ch. 6, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel "
+"has proposed a related idea that would exempt noncommercial sharing from the "
+"reach of copyright and would establish compensation to artists to balance "
+"any loss. See Neil Weinstock Netanel, <quote>Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy "
+"to Allow Free P2P File Sharing,</quote> available at <ulink "

 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #79</ulink>. For other proposals, "
 "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #79</ulink>. For other proposals, "

-"see Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's Holding Back Broadband?\" Washington Post, 8 "
-"January 2002, A17; Philip S. Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A Letter "
-"to Senator Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations "
-"Committee, 26 February 2002, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, A "
-"Quick Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF), 3 March 2002, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson "
-"Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" USA Today, 13 "
-"May 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright Right,\" IEEE Spectrum "
-"Online, 1 July 2002, available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, "
-"\"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News.com, 27 August 2002, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #84</ulink>.  Fisher's "
-"proposal is very similar to Richard Stallman's proposal for DAT. Unlike "
-"Fisher's, Stallman's proposal would not pay artists directly proportionally, "
-"though more popular artists would get more than the less popular. As is "
-"typical with Stallman, his proposal predates the current debate by about a "
+"see Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Who's Holding Back Broadband?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8 January 2002, A17; Philip "
+"S. Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A Letter to Senator Joseph "
+"R. Biden, Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 26 "
+"February 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, "
+"<citetitle>A Quick Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee "
+"(IPUF)</citetitle>, 3 March 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson Graham, "
+"<quote>Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 13 May 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, "
+"<quote>Getting Copyright Right,</quote> IEEE Spectrum Online, 1 July 2002, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</ulink>; "
+"Declan McCullagh, <quote>Verizon's Copyright Campaign,</quote> CNET "
+"News.com, 27 August 2002, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #84</ulink>.  Fisher's proposal "
+"is very similar to Richard Stallman's proposal for DAT. Unlike Fisher's, "
+"Stallman's proposal would not pay artists directly proportionally, though "
+"more popular artists would get more than the less popular. As is typical "
+"with Stallman, his proposal predates the current debate by about a "

 "decade. See <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #85</ulink>.  "
 "decade. See <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #85</ulink>.  "

-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14054
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15217

 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
 msgid ""
 "The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
 "Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "


@@ -17716,71 +21047,93 @@ msgid ""
 "compensation would be paid for by (4) an appropriate tax."
 msgstr ""
 
 "compensation would be paid for by (4) an appropriate tax."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14103
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15271

 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
 msgid ""
 "Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "

-"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, Promises to "
-"Keep. The modification that I would make is relatively simple: Fisher "
-"imagines his proposal replacing the existing copyright system.  I imagine it "
-"complementing the existing system. The aim of the proposal would be to "
-"facilitate compensation to the extent that harm could be shown. This "
-"compensation would be temporary, aimed at facilitating a transition between "
-"regimes. And it would require renewal after a period of years. If it "
-"continues to make sense to facilitate free exchange of content, supported "
-"through a taxation system, then it can be continued. If this form of "
-"protection is no longer necessary, then the system could lapse into the old "
-"system of controlling access."
+"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
+"<citetitle>Promises to Keep</citetitle>. The modification that I would make "
+"is relatively simple: Fisher imagines his proposal replacing the existing "
+"copyright system.  I imagine it complementing the existing system. The aim "
+"of the proposal would be to facilitate compensation to the extent that harm "
+"could be shown. This compensation would be temporary, aimed at facilitating "
+"a transition between regimes. And it would require renewal after a period of "
+"years. If it continues to make sense to facilitate free exchange of content, "
+"supported through a taxation system, then it can be continued. If this form "
+"of protection is no longer necessary, then the system could lapse into the "
+"old system of controlling access."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 307 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14118
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15288

 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
 msgid ""
 "Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
 "not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "

-"supports the widest range of \"semiotic democracy\" possible. But the aims "
-"of semiotic democracy would be satisfied if the other changes I described "
-"were accomplished&mdash;in particular, the limits on derivative uses. A "
-"system that simply charges for access would not greatly burden semiotic "
-"democracy if there were few limitations on what one was allowed to do with "
-"the content itself."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14131
-msgid ""
-"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of \"harm\" "
-"to an industry. But the difficulty of making that calculation would be "
-"outweighed by the benefit of facilitating innovation. This background system "
-"to compensate would also not need to interfere with innovative proposals "
-"such as Apple's MusicStore. As experts predicted when Apple launched the "
-"MusicStore, it could beat \"free\" by being easier than free is. This has "
-"proven correct: Apple has sold millions of songs at even the very high price "
-"of 99 cents a song. (At 99 cents, the cost is the equivalent of a per-song "
-"CD price, though the labels have none of the costs of a CD to pay.) Apple's "
-"move was countered by Real Networks, offering music at just 79 cents a "
-"song. And no doubt there will be a great deal of competition to offer and "
-"sell music on-line."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14146
-msgid ""
-"This competition has already occurred against the background of \"free\" "
-"music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable television have known for "
-"thirty years, and the sellers of bottled water for much more than that, "
-"there is nothing impossible at all about \"competing with free.\" Indeed, if "
-"anything, the competition spurs the competitors to offer new and better "
-"products. This is precisely what the competitive market was to be "
-"about. Thus in Singapore, though piracy is rampant, movie theaters are often "
-"luxurious&mdash;with \"first class\" seats, and meals served while you watch "
-"a movie&mdash;as they struggle and succeed in finding ways to compete with "
-"\"free.\""
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14158
+"supports the widest range of <quote>semiotic democracy</quote> possible. But "
+"the aims of semiotic democracy would be satisfied if the other changes I "
+"described were accomplished&mdash;in particular, the limits on derivative "
+"uses. A system that simply charges for access would not greatly burden "
+"semiotic democracy if there were few limitations on what one was allowed to "
+"do with the content itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15301
+msgid "MusicStore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15303
+msgid "prices of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15305
+msgid ""
+"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
+"<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
+"calculation would be outweighed by the benefit of facilitating "
+"innovation. This background system to compensate would also not need to "
+"interfere with innovative proposals such as Apple's MusicStore. As experts "
+"predicted when Apple launched the MusicStore, it could beat "
+"<quote>free</quote> by being easier than free is. This has proven correct: "
+"Apple has sold millions of songs at even the very high price of 99 cents a "
+"song. (At 99 cents, the cost is the equivalent of a per-song CD price, "
+"though the labels have none of the costs of a CD to pay.) Apple's move was "
+"countered by Real Networks, offering music at just 79 cents a song. And no "
+"doubt there will be a great deal of competition to offer and sell music "
+"on-line."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15320
+msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15323
+msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15325
+msgid ""
+"This competition has already occurred against the background of "
+"<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
+"television have known for thirty years, and the sellers of bottled water for "
+"much more than that, there is nothing impossible at all about "
+"<quote>competing with free.</quote> Indeed, if anything, the competition "
+"spurs the competitors to offer new and better products. This is precisely "
+"what the competitive market was to be about. Thus in Singapore, though "
+"piracy is rampant, movie theaters are often luxurious&mdash;with "
+"<quote>first class</quote> seats, and meals served while you watch a "
+"movie&mdash;as they struggle and succeed in finding ways to compete with "
+"<quote>free.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15337

 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
 msgid ""
 "This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
 "lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "


@@ -17790,14 +21143,14 @@ msgid ""
 "barbarically severe punishments of the law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "barbarically severe punishments of the law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14167
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15346

 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 
 msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 308 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14172
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15351

 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
 msgid ""
 "The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
 "transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "


@@ -17805,61 +21158,61 @@ msgid ""
 "encouraging, the most efficient technology we can create."
 msgstr ""
 
 "encouraging, the most efficient technology we can create."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14179
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15358

 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 
 msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  1. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14185
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15364

 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 
 msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  2. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14189
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15368

 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 
 msgid ""
 "permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
 "type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  3. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14195
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15374

 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
 "extent actual harm is demonstrated."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14200
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15379

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
-"market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
-"consumers continue to \"take\" content for nothing? Should the law do "
-"something then?"
+"But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
+"competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
+"of consumers continue to <quote>take</quote> content for nothing? Should the "
+"law do something then?"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14206
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15385

 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
 "is not whether it eliminates sharing in the abstract.  The real issue is its "
 "effect on the market. Is it better (a) to have a technology that is 95 "
 msgid ""
 "Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
 "develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
 "is not whether it eliminates sharing in the abstract.  The real issue is its "
 "effect on the market. Is it better (a) to have a technology that is 95 "

-"percent secure and produces a market of size x, or (b) to have a technology "
-"that is 50 percent secure but produces a market of five times x? Less secure "
-"might produce more unauthorized sharing, but it is likely to also produce a "
-"much bigger market in authorized sharing. The most important thing is to "
-"assure artists' compensation without breaking the Internet. Once that's "
-"assured, then it may well be appropriate to find ways to track down the "
-"petty pirates."
+"percent secure and produces a market of size <citetitle>x</citetitle>, or "
+"(b) to have a technology that is 50 percent secure but produces a market of "
+"five times <citetitle>x</citetitle>? Less secure might produce more "
+"unauthorized sharing, but it is likely to also produce a much bigger market "
+"in authorized sharing. The most important thing is to assure artists' "
+"compensation without breaking the Internet. Once that's assured, then it may "
+"well be appropriate to find ways to track down the petty pirates."

 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 309 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14220
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15399

 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
 msgid ""
 "But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
 "type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "


@@ -17868,13 +21221,13 @@ msgid ""
 "and creativity that the Internet is."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and creativity that the Internet is."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14231
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:15410

 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14233
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15412

 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
 msgid ""
 "I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
 "in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "


@@ -17882,8 +21235,8 @@ msgid ""
 "the end that I would love to live."
 msgstr ""
 
 "the end that I would love to live."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14239
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15418

 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
 msgid ""
 "Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
 "have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "


@@ -17892,57 +21245,68 @@ msgid ""
 "to question or counter that one strong view queers the law."
 msgstr ""
 
 "to question or counter that one strong view queers the law."
 msgstr ""
 

+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15425
+msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:15426
+msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
+msgstr ""
+

 #.  f10. 
 #.  f10. 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14256
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15437

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-"Memorial Lecture), UCLA Law Review 48 (2001): 1057, 1069&ndash;70."
+"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
+"B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
+"(2001): 1057, 1069&ndash;70."

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14247
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15428

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" by "
-"many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
-"precisely the positions of some of the most moderate and significant figures "
-"in the history of this branch of the law. Many, for example, thought crazy "
-"the challenge that we brought to the Copyright Term Extension Act. Yet just "
-"thirty years ago, the dominant scholar and practitioner in the field of "
-"copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it obvious.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
+"<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
+"I am advocating are precisely the positions of some of the most moderate and "
+"significant figures in the history of this branch of the law. Many, for "
+"example, thought crazy the challenge that we brought to the Copyright Term "
+"Extension Act. Yet just thirty years ago, the dominant scholar and "
+"practitioner in the field of copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it "
+"obvious.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14262
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15443

 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
 "to actually reckon the costs of the law."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
 "not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
 "to actually reckon the costs of the law."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  f11. 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14272
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15453

 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
 "question his own publicly stated position&mdash;twice. He initially "
 "predicted that downloading would substantially harm the industry. He then "
 "revised his view in light of the data, and he has since revised his view "
 msgid ""
 "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
 "commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
 "question his own publicly stated position&mdash;twice. He initially "
 "predicted that downloading would substantially harm the industry. He then "
 "revised his view in light of the data, and he has since revised his view "

-"again.  Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy: The True "
-"Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"(reviewing his original view but expressing skepticism) with Stan J.  "
-"Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" working paper, June "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#86</ulink>.  Liebowitz's careful analysis is extremely valuable in "
-"estimating the effect of file-sharing technology. In my view, however, he "
-"underestimates the costs of the legal system. See, for example, Rethinking, "
-"174&ndash;76."
+"again.  Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
+"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Amacom, 2002), (reviewing his original view but expressing skepticism) "
+"with Stan J.  Liebowitz, <quote>Will MP3s Annihilate the Record "
+"Industry?</quote> working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>.  Liebowitz's careful "
+"analysis is extremely valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing "
+"technology. In my view, however, he underestimates the costs of the legal "
+"system. See, for example, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174&ndash;76.  "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14267
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15448

 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
 msgid ""
 "Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits.  But "
 "more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "


@@ -17953,8 +21317,8 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 
 msgstr ""
 
 #.  PAGE BREAK 310 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14295
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15477

 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
 msgid ""
 "But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
 "anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "


@@ -17963,8 +21327,8 @@ msgid ""
 "astonishingly high that justice can practically never be done."
 msgstr ""
 
 "astonishingly high that justice can practically never be done."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14303
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15485

 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
 msgid ""
 "These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
 "the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "


@@ -17976,8 +21340,8 @@ msgid ""
 "and costly cases."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and costly cases."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14313
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15495

 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
 msgid ""
 "The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
 "tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "


@@ -17987,16 +21351,16 @@ msgid ""
 "and hence radically more just."
 msgstr ""
 
 "and hence radically more just."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14321
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15503

 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
 "law will too often do if too much of our culture is left to its review."
 msgstr ""
 
 msgid ""
 "But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
 "from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
 "law will too often do if too much of our culture is left to its review."
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14327
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15510

 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
 msgid ""
 "Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
 "technology&mdash;the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "


@@ -18007,32 +21371,32 @@ msgid ""
 "produces. Again, this is the reality of Brezhnev's Russia."
 msgstr ""
 
 "produces. Again, this is the reality of Brezhnev's Russia."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 311 
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14336
+#.  PAGE BREAK 311
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15519

 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
 "test their power, or the power they promote, against this simple pragmatic "
 msgid ""
 "The law should regulate in certain areas of culture&mdash;but it should "
 "regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
 "test their power, or the power they promote, against this simple pragmatic "

-"question: \"Will it do good?\" When challenged about the expanding reach of "
-"the law, the lawyer answers, \"Why not?\""
+"question: <quote>Will it do good?</quote> When challenged about the "
+"expanding reach of the law, the lawyer answers, <quote>Why not?</quote>"

 msgstr ""
 
 msgstr ""
 

-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14345
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15528

 msgid ""
 msgid ""

-"We should ask, \"Why?\" Show me why your regulation of culture is "
+"We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "

 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
 "lawyers away."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
 "needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
 "lawyers away."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:14354
-msgid "NOTES"
+#: freeculture.xml:15537
+msgid "Notes"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14356
+#: freeculture.xml:15539

 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
 msgid ""
 "Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
 "Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "


@@ -18046,12 +21410,12 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>

-#: freeculture.xml:14371
-msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
+#: freeculture.xml:15559
+msgid "Acknowledgments"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14373
+#: freeculture.xml:15561

 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
 msgid ""
 "This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
 "began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "


@@ -18060,7 +21424,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14379
+#: freeculture.xml:15568

 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
 msgid ""
 "I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
 "Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "


@@ -18074,9 +21438,9 @@ msgid ""
 "her own critical eye on much of this."
 msgstr ""
 
 "her own critical eye on much of this."
 msgstr ""
 

-#.  PAGE BREAK 337 
+#. PAGE BREAK 337

 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14392
+#: freeculture.xml:15581

 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
 msgid ""
 "Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
 "culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "


@@ -18089,7 +21453,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14403
+#: freeculture.xml:15592

 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
 msgid ""
 "These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
 "upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "


@@ -18104,13 +21468,14 @@ msgid ""
 "McMullen, Fred Norton, John Pormann, Pedro A. D.  Rezende, Shabbir Safdar, "
 "Saul Schleimer, Clay Shirky, Adam Shostack, Kragen Sitaker, Chris Smith, "
 "Bruce Steinberg, Andrzej Jan Taramina, Sean Walsh, Matt Wasserman, Miljenko "
 "McMullen, Fred Norton, John Pormann, Pedro A. D.  Rezende, Shabbir Safdar, "
 "Saul Schleimer, Clay Shirky, Adam Shostack, Kragen Sitaker, Chris Smith, "
 "Bruce Steinberg, Andrzej Jan Taramina, Sean Walsh, Matt Wasserman, Miljenko "

-"Williams, \"Wink,\" Roger Wood, \"Ximmbo da Jazz,\" and Richard Yanco. (I "
-"apologize if I have missed anyone; with computers come glitches, and a crash "
-"of my e-mail system meant I lost a bunch of great replies.)"
+"Williams, <quote>Wink,</quote> Roger Wood, <quote>Ximmbo da Jazz,</quote> "
+"and Richard Yanco. (I apologize if I have missed anyone; with computers come "
+"glitches, and a crash of my e-mail system meant I lost a bunch of great "
+"replies.)"

 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14423
+#: freeculture.xml:15612

 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "
 msgid ""
 "Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
 "each provided extremely helpful correction and advice.  Michael helped me to "


@@ -18121,10 +21486,138 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
 msgstr ""
 
 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>

-#: freeculture.xml:14432
+#: freeculture.xml:15621

 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
 "always been right. This slow learner is, as ever, grateful for her perpetual "
 "patience and love."
 msgstr ""
 msgid ""
 "Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
 "there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
 "always been right. This slow learner is, as ever, grateful for her perpetual "
 "patience and love."
 msgstr ""

+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15640
+msgid ""
+"Free culture: How big media uses technology and the law to lock down culture "
+"and control creativity / Lawrence Lessig."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15644
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2004 Lawrence Lessig.  Some rights reserved."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15648
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15652
+msgid ""
+"Published 2015 by Petter Reinholdtsen in his spare time.  First published "
+"2004 by The Penguin Press.  Thomas Gramstad Forlag donated the ISBN numbers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15658
+msgid ""
+"Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright "
+"Perpetuity,</quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, "
+"2003. Copyright &copy; 2003 by The New York Times Co.  Reprinted with "
+"permission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15664
+msgid ""
+"Cartoon in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/> by Paul Conrad, copyright "
+"Tribune Media Services, Inc.  All rights reserved. Reprinted with "
+"permission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15670
+msgid ""
+"Diagram in figure <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" "
+"linkend=\"fig-1761-pattern-modern-media-ownership\"/> courtesy of the office "
+"of FCC Commissioner, Michael J. Copps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15676
+msgid "Includes index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15680
+msgid ""
+"Classifications: (Dewey)  306.4 306.40973 306.46 341.7582 343.7309/9, (UDK) "
+"347.78 (US Lib. of Congress) KF2979.L47 2004 (ACM CRCS) K.4.1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15702
+msgid ""
+"The book source is in DocBook notation and the other formats are derived "
+"from this.  The source is based on a version from Hans Schou.  Typeset using "
+"Crimson Text and formatted using dblatex.  Many thanks to the dblatex "
+"developer Benoît Guillon for his help.  The source is available from <ulink "
+"url=\"https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig\"/>.  Please "
+"report any problems using the GitHub issue tracker."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:15712
+msgid "&translationblock;"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15720
+msgid "ISBN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15721
+msgid "Format / MIME-type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15726
+msgid "978-82-8067-010-6"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15727
+msgid "Digest size from lulu.com"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15730
+msgid "978-82-8067-011-3"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15731
+msgid "application/pdf"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15734
+msgid "978-82-8067-012-0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15735
+msgid "application/epub+zip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15738
+msgid "978-82-8067-013-7"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#: freeculture.xml:15739
+msgid "application/x-mobipocket-ebook"
+msgstr ""