msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-25 10:05+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-28 13:25+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
msgid ""
-"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder> Lawrence Lessig. This version of "
-"Free Culture is licensed under a Creative Commons license. This license "
-"permits non-commercial use of this work, so long as attribution is given. "
-"For more information about the license, click the icon above, or visit "
-"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://"
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</ulink> </holder> </copyright>"
+"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder>Lawrence Lessig</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr ""
-"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder> Lawrence Lessig. Denne versjonen av "
-"Fri Kultur er lisensert med en Creative Commons-lisens. Denne lisensen "
-"tillater ikke-kommersiell utnyttelse av verket, hvis opphavsinnehaveren er "
-"navngitt. For mer informasjon om lisensen, klikk på ikonet over eller besøk "
-"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://"
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</ulink> </holder> </copyright>"
+"<copyright> <year>2004</year> <holder>Lawrence Lessig</holder> </copyright>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
+msgid ""
+"This version of <citetitle>Free Culture</citetitle> is licensed under a "
+"Creative Commons license. This license permits non-commercial use of this "
+"work, so long as attribution is given. For more information about the "
+"license, click the icon above, or visit <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons."
+"org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</"
+"ulink>"
+msgstr ""
+"Denne versjonen av <citetitle>Fri Kultur</citetitle> er lisensert med en "
+"Creative Commons-lisens. Denne lisensen tillater ikke-kommersiell "
+"utnyttelse av verket, hvis opphavsinnehaveren er navngitt. For mer "
+"informasjon om lisensen, klikk på ikonet over eller besøk <ulink url="
+"\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/\">http://creativecommons."
+"org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/</ulink>"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><title>
msgid "ABOUT THE AUTHOR"
"Scholar ved Stanford Law School, er stifteren av Stanford Center for "
"Internet and Society og styreleder i Creative Commons (<ulink url=\"http://"
"creativecommons.org/\">http://creativecommons.org</ulink>). Forfatteren har "
-"gitt ut av The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) og Code: And other Laws "
-"of Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), og er medlem av styrene i Public Library "
-"of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, og Public Knowledge. Han "
-"har vunnet Free Software Foundation's Award for the Advancement of Free "
+"gitt ut The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001) og Code: And other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), og er medlem av styrene i Public Library of "
+"Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, og Public Knowledge. Han har "
+"vunnet Free Software Foundation's Award for the Advancement of Free "
"Software, to ganger vært oppført i BusinessWeek's \"e.biz 25,\" og omtalt "
"som en av Scientific American's \"50 visjonærer\". Etter utdanning ved "
"University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, og Yale Law School, "
msgstr "Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace"
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid "THE PENGUIN PRESS"
-msgstr "The Penguin Press"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid "NEW YORK"
-msgstr "New York"
+msgid "THE PENGUIN PRESS, NEW YORK"
+msgstr "The Penguin Press, New York"
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid "FREE CULTURE"
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid ""
-"a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 375 Hudson Street New York, New York"
+"THE PENGUIN PRESS, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 375 Hudson Street "
+"New York, New York"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid "Copyright © Lawrence Lessig,"
-msgstr "Opphavsrett © Lawrence Lessig,"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid "All rights reserved"
-msgstr "Alle rettigheter reservert"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid ""
-"Excerpt from an editorial titled \"The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,\" The "
-"New York Times, January 16, 2003. Copyright © 2003 by The New York "
-"Times Co. Reprinted with permission."
+msgid "Copyright © Lawrence Lessig. All rights reserved."
msgstr ""
+"Opphavsrettbeskyttet © Lawrence Lessig. Alle rettigheter reservert."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid ""
-"Cartoon by Paul Conrad on page 159. Copyright Tribune Media Services, Inc."
+"Excerpt from an editorial titled \"The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,\" "
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, 2003. Copyright "
+"© 2003 by The New York Times Co. Reprinted with permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
-msgid "All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission."
+msgid ""
+"Cartoon in <xref linkend=\"fig-1711\"/> by Paul Conrad, copyright Tribune "
+"Media Services, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid ""
-"Diagram on page 164 courtesy of the office of FCC Commissioner, Michael J. "
-"Copps."
+"Diagram in <xref linkend=\"fig-1761\"/> courtesy of the office of FCC "
+"Commissioner, Michael J. Copps."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid "&translationblock;"
-msgstr "Oversatt til bokmål av Petter Reinholdtsen og Anders Hagen Jarmund."
+msgstr ""
+"Oversatt til bokmål av Petter Reinholdtsen og Anders Hagen Jarmund. "
+"Kildefilene til oversetterprosjektet er <ulink url=\"https://github.com/"
+"petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig\">tilgjengelig fra github</ulink>. "
+"Rapporter feil med oversettelsen via github."
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
-"At the end of his review of my first book, Code: And Other Laws of "
-"Cyberspace, David Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of countless "
-"technical and computer-related texts, wrote this:"
+"At the end of his review of my first book, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws "
+"of Cyberspace</citetitle>, David Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of "
+"countless technical and computer-related texts, wrote this:"
msgstr ""
"David Pogue, en glimrende skribent og forfatter av utallige tekniske "
"datarelaterte tekster, skrev dette på slutten av hans gjennomgang av min "
-"første bok, Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace:"
+"første bok, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle>:"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" New York Times, 30 January "
-"2000."
+"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
+"citetitle>, 30 January 2000."
msgstr ""
-"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" New York Times, 30. januar "
-"2000"
+"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
+"citetitle>, 30. januar 2000"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"\"code,\" functioned as a kind of law—and his review suggested the "
"happy thought that if life in cyberspace got bad, we could always \"drizzle, "
"drazzle, druzzle, drome\"-like simply flip a switch and be back home. Turn "
-"off the modem, unplug the computer, and any troubles that exist in that "
-"space wouldn't \"affect\" us anymore."
+"off the modem, unplug the computer, and any troubles that exist in "
+"<emphasis>that</emphasis> space wouldn't \"affect\" us anymore."
msgstr ""
"Pogue var skeptisk til argumentet som er kjernen av boken — at "
"programvaren, eller \"koden\", fungerte som en slags lov — og foreslo "
"i sin anmeldelse den lykkelig tanken at hvis livet i cyberspace gikk dårlig, "
"så kan vi alltid som med en trylleformel slå over en bryter og komme hjem "
"igjen. Slå av modemet, koble fra datamaskinen, og eventuelle problemer som "
-"finnes der ville ikke \"påvirke\" oss mer."
+"finnes <emphasis>den</emphasis> virkeligheten ville ikke \"påvirke\" oss mer."
#. PAGE BREAK 12
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"Pogue might have been right in 1999—I'm skeptical, but maybe. But "
-"even if he was right then, the point is not right now: Free Culture is about "
-"the troubles the Internet causes even after the modem is turned off. It is "
-"an argument about how the battles that now rage regarding life on-line have "
-"fundamentally affected \"people who aren't online.\" There is no switch that "
-"will insulate us from the Internet's effect."
+"even if he was right then, the point is not right now: <citetitle>Free "
+"Culture</citetitle> is about the troubles the Internet causes even after the "
+"modem is turned off. It is an argument about how the battles that now rage "
+"regarding life on-line have fundamentally affected \"people who aren't "
+"online.\" There is no switch that will insulate us from the Internet's "
+"effect."
msgstr ""
"Pogue kan ha hatt rett i 1999 — jeg er skeptisk, men det kan hende. "
-"Men selv om han hadde rett da, så er ikke argumentet gyldig nå. Fri Kultur "
-"er om problemene internett forårsaker selv etter at modemet er slått av. "
-"Den er et argument om hvordan slagene som nå brer om seg i livet on-line har "
-"fundamentalt påvirket \"folk som er ikke pålogget.\" Det finnes ingen "
-"bryter som kan isolere oss fra internettets effekt."
+"Men selv om han hadde rett da, så er ikke argumentet gyldig nå. "
+"<citetitle>Fri Kultur</citetitle> er om problemene internett forårsaker selv "
+"etter at modemet er slått av. Den er et argument om hvordan slagene som nå "
+"brer om seg i livet on-line har fundamentalt påvirket \"folk som er ikke "
+"pålogget.\" Det finnes ingen bryter som kan isolere oss fra internettets "
+"effekt."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
-"But unlike Code, the argument here is not much about the Internet itself. It "
-"is instead about the consequence of the Internet to a part of our tradition "
-"that is much more fundamental, and, as hard as this is for a geek-wanna-be "
-"to admit, much more important."
+"But unlike <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, the argument here is not much about "
+"the Internet itself. It is instead about the consequence of the Internet to "
+"a part of our tradition that is much more fundamental, and, as hard as this "
+"is for a geek-wanna-be to admit, much more important."
msgstr ""
-"Men i motsetning til i boken Code, er argumentet her ikke så mye om "
-"internett i seg selv. Istedet er det om konsekvensen av internett for en del "
-"av vår tradisjon som er mye mer grunnleggende, og uansett hvor hardt dette "
-"er for en geek-wanna-be å innrømme, mye viktigere."
+"Men i motsetning til i boken <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, er argumentet her "
+"ikke så mye om internett i seg selv. Istedet er det om konsekvensen av "
+"internett for en del av vår tradisjon som er mye mer grunnleggende, og "
+"uansett hvor hardt dette er for en geek-wanna-be å innrømme, mye viktigere."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Richard M. Stallman, Free Software, Free Societies 57 (Joshua Gay, ed. 2002)."
+"Richard M. Stallman, <citetitle>Free Software, Free Societies</citetitle> 57 "
+"(Joshua Gay, ed. 2002)."
msgstr ""
-"Richard M. Stallman, Fri programvare, Frie samfunn 57 (Joshua Gay, red. "
-"2002)."
+"Richard M. Stallman, <citetitle>Fri programvare, Frie samfunn</citetitle> 57 "
+"(Joshua Gay, red. 2002)."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"\"free will,\" and \"free elections.\" A free culture supports and protects "
"creators and innovators. It does this directly by granting intellectual "
"property rights. But it does so indirectly by limiting the reach of those "
-"rights, to guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain as free "
-"as possible from the control of the past. A free culture is not a culture "
-"without property, just as a free market is not a market in which everything "
-"is free. The opposite of a free culture is a \"permission culture\"—a "
-"culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the "
-"powerful, or of creators from the past."
+"rights, to guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain "
+"<emphasis>as free as possible</emphasis> from the control of the past. A "
+"free culture is not a culture without property, just as a free market is not "
+"a market in which everything is free. The opposite of a free culture is a "
+"\"permission culture\"—a culture in which creators get to create only "
+"with the permission of the powerful, or of creators from the past."
msgstr ""
"Den tradisjonen er måten vår kultur blir laget på. Som jeg vil forklare i "
"sidene som følger, kommer vi fra en tradisjon av \"fri kultur\"—ikke "
"og oppfinnere. Dette gjør den direkte ved å tildele immaterielle "
"rettigheter. Men det gjør den indirekte ved å begrense rekkevidden for "
"disse rettighetene, for å garantere at neste generasjon skapere og "
-"oppfinnere er så fri som mulig fra kontroll fra fortiden. En fri kultur er "
-"ikke en kultur uten eierskap, like lite som et fritt marked er et marked der "
-"alt er gratis. Det motsatte av fri kultur er \"tillatelseskultur\"—en "
-"kultur der skapere kun kan skape med tillatelse fra de mektige, eller fra "
-"skaperne fra fortiden."
+"oppfinnere forblir <emphasis>så fri som mulig</emphasis> fra kontroll fra "
+"fortiden. En fri kultur er ikke en kultur uten eierskap, like lite som et "
+"fritt marked er et marked der alt er gratis. Det motsatte av fri kultur er "
+"\"tillatelseskultur\"—en kultur der skapere kun kan skape med "
+"tillatelse fra de mektige, eller fra skaperne fra fortiden."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"endringene jeg beskriver påvirker verdier som begge sider av vår politiske "
"kultur anser som grunnleggende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Safire, William"
msgstr "Safire, William"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" New York Times, 22 May 2003. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
+"
citetitle>, 22 May 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" New York Times, 22. mai 2003. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
+"
citetitle>, 22. mai 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
-"This idea is an element of the argument of Free Culture, though my focus is "
-"not just on the concentration of power produced by concentrations in "
-"ownership, but more importantly, if because less visibly, on the "
-"concentration of power produced by a radical change in the effective scope "
-"of the law. The law is changing; that change is altering the way our culture "
-"gets made; that change should worry you—whether or not you care about "
-"the Internet, and whether you're on Safire's left or on his right. The "
-"inspiration for the title and for much of the argument of this book comes "
-"from the work of Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. Indeed, "
-"as I reread Stallman's own work, especially the essays in Free Software, "
-"Free Society, I realize that all of the theoretical insights I develop here "
-"are insights Stallman described decades ago. One could thus well argue that "
-"this work is \"merely\" derivative."
-msgstr ""
-"Denne idéen er et element i argumentet til Fri Kultur, selv om min fokus "
-"ikke bare er på konsentrasjonen av makt som følger av konsentrasjonen i "
-"eierskap, men mer viktig, og fordi det er mindre synlig, på konsentrasjonen "
-"av makt som er resultat av en radikal endring i det effektive virkeområdet "
-"til loven. Loven er i endring, og endringen forandrer på hvordan vår kultur "
-"blir skapt. Den endringen bør bekymre deg—Uansett om du bryr deg om "
-"internett eller ikke, og uansett om du er til venstre for Safires eller til "
-"høyre. Inspirasjonen til tittelen og mye av argumentet i denne boken kommer "
-"fra arbeidet til Richard Stallman og Free Software Foundation. Faktisk, da "
-"jeg leste Stallmans egne tekster på nytt, spesielt essyene i Free Software, "
-"Free Society, innser jeg at alle de teoretiske innsiktene jeg utvikler her "
-"er innsikter som Stallman beskrev for tiår siden. Man kan dermed godt "
-"argumentere for at dette verket kun er et avledet verk."
+"This idea is an element of the argument of <citetitle>Free Culture</"
+"citetitle>, though my focus is not just on the concentration of power "
+"produced by concentrations in ownership, but more importantly, if because "
+"less visibly, on the concentration of power produced by a radical change in "
+"the effective scope of the law. The law is changing; that change is altering "
+"the way our culture gets made; that change should worry you—whether or "
+"not you care about the Internet, and whether you're on Safire's left or on "
+"his right. The inspiration for the title and for much of the argument of "
+"this book comes from the work of Richard Stallman and the Free Software "
+"Foundation. Indeed, as I reread Stallman's own work, especially the essays "
+"in <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, I realize that all of "
+"the theoretical insights I develop here are insights Stallman described "
+"decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is \"merely\" "
+"derivative."
+msgstr ""
+"Denne idéen er et element i argumentet til <citetitle>Fri Kultur</"
+"citetitle>, selv om min fokus ikke bare er på konsentrasjonen av makt som "
+"følger av konsentrasjonen i eierskap, men mer viktig, og fordi det er mindre "
+"synlig, på konsentrasjonen av makt som er resultat av en radikal endring i "
+"det effektive virkeområdet til loven. Loven er i endring, og endringen "
+"forandrer på hvordan vår kultur blir skapt. Den endringen bør bekymre "
+"deg—Uansett om du bryr deg om internett eller ikke, og uansett om du "
+"er til venstre for Safires eller til høyre. Inspirasjonen til tittelen og "
+"mye av argumentet i denne boken kommer fra arbeidet til Richard Stallman og "
+"Free Software Foundation. Faktisk, da jeg leste Stallmans egne tekster på "
+"nytt, spesielt essyene i <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, "
+"innser jeg at alle de teoretiske innsiktene jeg utvikler her er innsikter "
+"som Stallman beskrev for tiår siden. Man kan dermed godt argumentere for at "
+"dette verket kun er et avledet verk."
#. PAGE BREAK 14
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 3 (South Hackensack, N.J.: "
-"Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."
+"St. George Tucker, <citetitle>Blackstone's Commentaries</citetitle> 3 (South "
+"Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."
msgstr ""
-"St. George Tucker, Blackstone's Commentaries 3 (South Hackensack, N.J.: "
-"Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."
+"St. George Tucker, <citetitle>Blackstone's Commentaries</citetitle> 3 (South "
+"Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1969), 18."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"inngå en eksklusiv avtale med Delta Airlines? Kan vi gjennomføre en auksjon "
"for å finne ut hvor mye disse rettighetene er verdt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
msgstr "Causby, Thomas Lee"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Causby, Tinie"
msgstr "Causby, Tinie"
"there could be a \"taking\" if the government's use of its land effectively "
"destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was suggested to me "
"by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, \"(Intellectual) Property and Sovereignty: "
-"Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,\" Stanford Law Review 48 "
-"(1996): 1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, Real Property (Mineola, N.Y.: "
-"Foundation Press, 1984), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,\" <citetitle>Stanford Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, "
+"<citetitle>Real Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press, "
+"1984), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"USA mot Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. Domstolen fant at det kunne være "
"å \"ta\" hvis regjeringens bruk av sitt land reelt sett hadde ødelagt "
"verdien av eiendomen til Causby. Dette eksemplet ble foreslått for meg i "
"Keith Aokis flotte stykke, \"(intellectual) Property and Sovereignty: Notes "
-"Toward a cultural Geography of Authorship\", Stanford Law Review 48 (1996): "
-"1293, 1333. Se også Paul Goldstein, Real Property (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation "
-"Press (1984)), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Toward a cultural Geography of Authorship\", <citetitle>Stanford Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. Se også Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Real "
+"Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press (1984)), "
+"1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lawrence Lessing, Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong "
-"(Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."
+"Lawrence Lessing, <citetitle>Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong</"
+"citetitle> (Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."
msgstr ""
-"Lawrence Lessing, Man of High Fidelity:: Edwin Howard Armstrong "
-"(Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."
+"Lawrence Lessing, <citetitle>Man of High Fidelity:: Edwin Howard Armstrong</"
+"citetitle> (Philadelphia: J. B. Lipincott Company, 1956), 209."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"klubber, deling av musikk, laging av kassetter—ble ikke styrt av "
"lovverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Brandeis, Louis D."
msgstr "Brandeis, Louis D."
"USA. Men det var på ingen måte dominerende i vår tradisjon. Det var i "
"stedet bare en del, en kontrollert del, balansert mot det frie."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Litman, Jessica"
+msgstr "Litman, Jessica"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Jessica Litman, Digital Copyright (New York: Prometheus Books, 2001), "
-"ch. 13."
+"See Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Prometheus Books, 2001), ch. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Jessica Litman, Digital Copyright (New York: Prometheus bøker, 2001), "
-"kap. 13."
+"Se Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Prometheus bøker, 2001), kap. 13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Amy Harmon, \"Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
-"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" New York Times, 17 "
-"January 2002."
+"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" <citetitle>New York "
+"Times</citetitle>, 17 January 2002."
msgstr ""
"Amy Harmon, \"Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
-"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" New York Times, 17. "
-"januar 2002."
+"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" <citetitle>New York "
+"Times</citetitle>, 17. januar 2002."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"internettets \"pirater\" også fjerne verdier fra vår kultur som har vært "
"integrert til vår tradisjon helt fra starten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
msgstr "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" Yale Law "
-"Journal 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" "
+"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" Yale Law "
-"Journal 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" "
+"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"importantly, its power to disable critical thought by policy makers and "
"citizens. There has never been a time in our history when more of our "
"\"culture\" was as \"owned\" as it is now. And yet there has never been a "
-"time when the concentration of power to control the uses of culture has been "
-"as unquestioningly accepted as it is now."
+"time when the concentration of power to control the <emphasis>uses</"
+"emphasis> of culture has been as unquestioningly accepted as it is now."
msgstr ""
"Mitt håp er å skyve denne sunne fornuften videre. Jeg har blitt stadig mer "
"overrasket over kraften til denne idéen om immaterielle rettigheter og, mer "
"viktig, dets evne til å slå av kritisk tanke hos lovmakere og innbyggere. "
"Det har aldri før i vår historie vært så mye av vår \"kultur\" som har vært "
"\"eid\" enn det er nå. Og likevel har aldri før konsentrasjonen av makt til "
-"å kontrollere bruken av kulturen vært mer akseptert uten spørsmål enn det er "
-"nå."
+"å kontrollere <emphasis>bruken</emphasis> av kulturen vært mer akseptert "
+"uten spørsmål enn det er nå."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"historien om nok en konsekvens for denne type korrupsjon—en konsekvens "
"for de fleste av oss forblir ukjent med."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "\"PIRACY\""
msgstr "\"Piratvirksomhet\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
msgstr "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Since the inception of the law regulating creative property, there has been "
"a war against \"piracy.\" The precise contours of this concept, \"piracy,\" "
"utvidet rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til å inkludere noteark,"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
-msgstr "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
+"1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
+msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
+"1274 (1777) (Mansfield)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A person may use the copy by playing it, but he has no right to rob the "
"author of the profit, by multiplying copies and disposing of them for his "
"etter eget forgodtbefinnende.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 31
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Today we are in the middle of another \"war\" against \"piracy.\" The "
"Internet has provoked this war. The Internet makes possible the efficient "
"distribuert intelligens, kan p2p-systemer muliggjøre enkel spredning av "
"innhold på en måte som ingen forestilte seg for en generasjon siden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This efficiency does not respect the traditional lines of copyright. The "
"network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
"delingen har i sin tur ansporet til krigen, på grunn av at eiere av "
"opphavsretter frykter delingen vil \"frata forfatteren overskuddet.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
"increasingly to technology to defend their \"property\" against this "
"\"piracy.\" A generation of Americans, the warriors warn, is being raised to "
"believe that \"property\" should be \"free.\" Forget tattoos, never mind "
-"body piercing—our kids are becoming thieves!"
+"body piercing—our kids are becoming <emphasis>thieves</emphasis>!"
msgstr ""
"Krigerne har snudd seg til domstolene, til lovgiverne, og i stadig større "
"grad til teknologi for å forsvare sin \"eiendom\" mot denne "
"\"piratvirksomheten\". En generasjon amerikanere, advarer krigerne, blir "
"oppdratt til å tro at \"eiendom\" skal være \"gratis\". Glem tatoveringer, "
-"ikke tenk på kroppspiercing—våre barn blir tyver!"
+"ikke tenk på kroppspiercing—våre barn blir <emphasis>tyver</emphasis>!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There's no doubt that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that pirates should be "
"punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put this notion "
"\"-begrepet i en sammenheng. For mens begrepet blir mer og mer brukt, har "
"det i sin kjerne en ekstraordinær idé som nesten helt sikkert er feil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
msgstr "Idéen høres omtrent slik ut:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Creative work has value; whenever I use, or take, or build upon the creative "
"work of others, I am taking from them something of value. Whenever I take "
"som har verdi fra andre uten tillatelse er galt. Det er en form for "
"piratvirksomhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
msgstr "Dreyfuss, Rochelle"
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in "
-"the Pepsi Generation,\" Notre Dame Law Review 65 (1990): 397."
+"the Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 "
+"(1990): 397."
msgstr ""
"Se Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in the "
-"Pepsi Generation,\" Notre Dame Law Review 65 (1990): 397."
+"Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 (1990): "
+"397."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
msgstr "Zittrain, Jonathan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
-"Wall Street Journal, 21 August 1996, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan Zittrain, \"Calling Off the "
-"Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free Speech, No One Wins,\" Boston "
-"Globe, 24 November 2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan "
+"Zittrain, \"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free "
+"Speech, No One Wins,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 24 November "
+"2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
-"Wall Street Journal, 21. august 1996, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan Zittrain, \"Calling Off "
-"the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free Speech, No One Wins,\" "
-"Boston Globe, 24. november 2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21. august 1996, tilgjengelig "
+"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan "
+"Zittrain, \"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free "
+"Speech, No One Wins,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 24. november "
+"2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
"\" (the songs) so there must have been a \"right\"—even against the "
"Girl Scouts."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+"Dette synet går dypt i de pågående debattene. Det er hva jussprofessor "
+"Rochelle Dreyfuss ved NYU kritiserer som \"hvis verdi, så rettighet\"-"
+"teorien for kreative eierrettigheter <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+">—hvis det finnes verdi, så må noen ha rettigheten til denne verdien. "
+"Det er perspektivet som fikk komponistenes rettighetsorganisasjon, ASCAP, "
+"til å saksøke jentespeiderne for å ikke betale for sangene som jentene sagt "
+"rundt jentespeidernes leirbål.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Det "
+"fantes \"verdi\" (sangene), så det måtte ha vært en \"rettighet\"—til "
+"og med mot jentespeiderne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ASCAP"
msgstr "ASCAP"
#. PAGE BREAK 32
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
"should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
"verdi, så rettighet\" for kreative eierrettigheter har aldri vært USAs teori "
"for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot i vårt lovverk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Instead, in our tradition, intellectual property is an instrument. It sets "
"the groundwork for a richly creative society but remains subservient to the "
"til verdien av kreativitet. Dagens debatt har snudd dette helt rundt. Vi "
"har blitt så opptatt av å beskytte instrumentet at vi mister verdien av syne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The source of this confusion is a distinction that the law no longer takes "
"care to draw—the distinction between republishing someone's work on "
"og bygge på og gjøre om verket på den andre. Da opphavsretten kom var det "
"kun publisering som ble berørt. Opphavsretten i dag regulerer begge."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Before the technologies of the Internet, this conflation didn't matter all "
"that much. The technologies of publishing were expensive; that meant the "
"the burden of the law—even the burden of the Byzantine complexity that "
"copyright law has become. It was just one more expense of doing business."
msgstr ""
-"før teknologien av Internett, gjorde ikke denne conflation saken alle så "
-"mye. teknologier i publisering var dyrt; Det betydde at det store flertallet "
-"av publisering ble kommersielt. kommersielle selskaper kunne bære byrden av "
-"loven—selv byrden av den bysantinske kompleksiteten som copyright lov "
-"har blitt. Det var bare en mer utgifter ved å gjøre forretninger."
+"Før teknologiene til internettet dukket opp, betød ikke denne begrepsmessige "
+"sammenblandingen mye. Teknologiene for å publisere var kostbare, som betød "
+"at det meste av publisering var kommersiell. Kommersielle aktører kunne "
+"håndtere byrden pålagt av loven—til og med byrden som den bysantiske "
+"kompleksiteten som opphavsrettsloven har blitt. Det var bare nok en kostnad "
+"ved å drive forretning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Florida, Richard"
msgstr "Florida, Richard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"In The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books, 2002), Richard "
-"Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor toward a labor of "
-"creativity. His work, however, doesn't directly address the legal "
-"conditions under which that creativity is enabled or stifled. I certainly "
-"agree with him about the importance and significance of this change, but I "
-"also believe the conditions under which it will be enabled are much more "
-"tenuous. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"In <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
+"Books, 2002), Richard Florida documents a shift in the nature of labor "
+"toward a labor of creativity. His work, however, doesn't directly address "
+"the legal conditions under which that creativity is enabled or stifled. I "
+"certainly agree with him about the importance and significance of this "
+"change, but I also believe the conditions under which it will be enabled are "
+"
much more tenuous. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"i rise of creative klassen (new york: grunnleggende bøker, 2002), richard "
-"florida dokumenter et skifte i natur arbeid mot en arbeidskraft av "
-"kreativitet. hans arbeid, men adressen ikke direkte de juridiske "
-"betingelsene under at kreativiteten er aktivert eller halvkvalt. Jeg er enig "
-"med ham om betydningen og betydningen av denne endringen, men jeg tror også "
-"betingelser som funksjonen vil bli aktivert er mye vanskeligere."
+"I <citetitle>The Rise of the Creative Class</citetitle> (New York: Basic "
+"Books, 2002), dokumenterer Richard Florida en endring i arbeidsstokken mot "
+"kreativitetsarbeide. Hans tekst omhandler derimot ikke direkte de juridiske "
+"vilkår som kreativiteten blir muliggjort eller hindret under. Jeg er helt "
+"klart enig med ham i viktigheten og betydningen av denne endringen, men jeg "
+"tror også at vilkårene som disse endringene blir aktivert under er mye "
+"vanskeligere. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
"law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
"this creative class."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
"understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
"den tradisjonen litt mer, og ved å plassere dagens slag om oppførsel med "
"merkelappen \"piratvirksomhet\" i sin rette sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
msgstr "Kapittel en: Skaperne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1928, a cartoon character was born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut "
-"in May of that year, in a silent flop called Plane Crazy. In November, in "
-"New York City's Colony Theater, in the first widely distributed cartoon "
-"synchronized with sound, Steamboat Willie brought to life the character that "
-"would become Mickey Mouse."
+"in May of that year, in a silent flop called <citetitle>Plane Crazy</"
+"citetitle>. In November, in New York City's Colony Theater, in the first "
+"widely distributed cartoon synchronized with sound, <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Willie</citetitle> brought to life the character that would become Mickey "
+"Mouse."
msgstr ""
-"en tegneserie tegnet ble født i 1928. en tidlig Mikke Mus debuterte i mai "
-"samme år, i en stille flop kalt flyet gal. i november, i new york city's "
-"colony theater, i de første spredt utover tegneserie synkronisert med lyden, "
-"steamboat willie brakt til liv tegnet som skulle bli Mikke Mus."
+"I 1928 ble en tegnefilmfigur født. En tidlig Mikke Mus debuterte i mai "
+"dette året, i en stille flopp ved navn <citetitle>Plane Crazy</citetitle>. "
+"I november, i Colony teateret i New York City, ble den første vidt "
+"distribuerte tegnefilmen med synkronisert lyd, <citetitle>Steamboat Willy</"
+"citetitle>, vist frem med figuren som skulle bli til Mikke Mus."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Synchronized sound had been introduced to film a year earlier in the movie "
-"The Jazz Singer. That success led Walt Disney to copy the technique and mix "
-"sound with cartoons. No one knew whether it would work or, if it did work, "
-"whether it would win an audience. But when Disney ran a test in the summer "
-"of 1928, the results were unambiguous. As Disney describes that first "
-"experiment,"
-msgstr ""
-"synkroniserte lyd hadde blitt introdusert til film året tidligere i filmen "
-"jazz sanger. at suksess ledet walt disney å kopiere teknikken og blande lyd "
-"med tegneserier. ingen visste om det ville fungere, eller hvis det virket, "
-"om det ville vinne et publikum. men når disney kjørte en test sommeren 1928, "
-"resultatene var entydig. som disney beskriver det første eksperimentet"
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. That success led Walt Disney to copy "
+"the technique and mix sound with cartoons. No one knew whether it would work "
+"or, if it did work, whether it would win an audience. But when Disney ran a "
+"test in the summer of 1928, the results were unambiguous. As Disney "
+"describes that first experiment,"
+msgstr ""
+"Film med sykronisert lyd hadde blitt introdusert et år tidligere i filmen "
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle>. Suksessen fikk Walt Disney til å "
+"kopiere teknikken og mikse lyd med tegnefilm. Ingen visste hvorvidt det "
+"ville virke eller ikke, og om det fungere, hvorvidt publikum villa ha sans "
+"for det. Men da Disney gjorde en test sommeren 1928, var resutlatet "
+"entydig. Som Disney beskriver dette første eksperimentet,"
#. PAGE BREAK 35
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"A couple of my boys could read music, and one of them could play a mouth "
"organ. We put them in a room where they could not see the screen and "
"arranged to pipe their sound into the room where our wives and friends were "
"going to see the picture."
msgstr ""
-"et par av mine gutter kan lese musikk, og en av dem kunne spille en munn "
-"orgel. Vi setter dem i et rom der de ikke kunne se skjermen og arrangert til "
-"datakanal sine lyd inn i rommet hvor våre hustruer og venner var kommer til "
-"å se bildet."
+"Et par av guttene mine kunne lese noteark, og en av dem kunne spille "
+"munnspill. Vi stappet dem inn i et rom hvor de ikke kunne se skjermen, og "
+"gjorde det slik at lyden de spilte ble sendt videre til et rom hvor våre "
+"koner og venner var plassert for å se på bildet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The boys worked from a music and sound-effects score. After several false "
"starts, sound and action got off with the gun. The mouth organist played the "
"tune, the rest of us in the sound department bammed tin pans and blew slide "
"whistles on the beat. The synchronization was pretty close."
msgstr ""
-"gutter jobbet fra en musikk og lydeffekter score. etter flere falske starter "
-"kom lyd og handling av med pistolen. munn-organisten spilte melodien, resten "
-"av oss i lyd avdeling bammed tin pans og blåste lysbilde plystre på beat. "
-"synkroniseringen var ganske nær."
+"Guttene brukte et note- og lydeffekt-ark. Etter noen dårlige oppstarter, "
+"kom endelig lyd og handlig i gang med et smell. Munnspilleren spilte "
+"melodien, og resten av oss i lydavdelingen slamret på tinnkasseroller og "
+"blåste på slide-fløyte til rytmen. Synkroniseringen var nesten helt riktig."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons "
-"(New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
+"Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
+"Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
msgstr ""
-"Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons "
-"(New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
+"Leonard Maltin, <citetitle>Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated "
+"Cartoons</citetitle> (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The effect on our little audience was nothing less than electric. They "
"responded almost instinctively to this union of sound and motion. I thought "
"again. It was terrible, but it was wonderful! And it was something new!"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Effekten på vårt lille publikum var intet mindre enn elektrisk. De reagerte "
+"nesten instiktivt til denne union av lyd og bevegelse. Jeg trodde de tullet "
+"med meg. Så de puttet meg i publikum og satte igang på nytt. Det var "
+"grufult, men det var fantastisk. Og det var noe nytt!<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Iwerks, Ub"
msgstr "Iwerks, Ub"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
"Iwerks, put it more strongly: \"I have never been so thrilled in my life. "
"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.\" "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney had created something very new, based upon something relatively new. "
"Synchronized sound brought life to a form of creativity that had "
"often, Disney's great genius, his spark of creativity, was built upon the "
"work of others."
msgstr ""
-"Disney hadde opprettet noe veldig nytt, basert på noe relativt nytt. "
-"synkronisert lyd brakt livet til en form av kreativitet som hadde "
-"sjelden—unntatt i disney's hender—blitt noe mer enn filler for "
-"andre filmer. gjennom animasjons tidlig historien var det disney's "
-"oppfinnelse som satte standarden som andre kjempet for å matche. og ganske "
-"ofte disney's stor geni, hans gnist av kreativitet, ble bygd på arbeidet til "
-"andre."
+"Disney hadde laget noe helt nyt, basert på noe relativt nytt. Synkronisert "
+"lyd ga liv til en form for kreativitet som sjeldent hadde—unntatt fra "
+"Disneys hender—vært noe annet en fyllstoff for andre filmer. Gjennom "
+"animasjonens tidligere historie var det Disneys oppfinnelse som satte "
+"standarden som andre måtte sloss for å oppfylle. Og ganske ofte var Disneys "
+"store geni, hans gnist av kreativitet, bygget på arbeidet til andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This much is familiar. What you might not know is that 1928 also marks "
"another important transition. In that year, a comic (as opposed to cartoon) "
"genius created his last independently produced silent film. That genius was "
-"Buster Keaton. The film was Steamboat Bill, Jr."
+"Buster Keaton. The film was <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
-"så er mye kjent. Hva du kanskje ikke vet er at 1928 også markerer en annen "
-"viktig endring. Dette året produsert en tegneserie (i motsetning til "
-"tegneserie) geni opprettet sitt siste uavhengig stumfilm. at geni var buster "
-"keaton. filmen var steamboat bill, jr."
+"Dette er kjent stoff. Det du kanskje ikke vet er at 1928 også markerer en "
+"annen viktig overgang. I samme år laget et komedie-geni (i motsetning til "
+"tegnefilm-geni) sin siste uavhengig produserte stumfilm. Dette geniet var "
+"Buster Keaton. Filmen var <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in 1895. In the era of silent film, "
"he had mastered using broad physical comedy as a way to spark uncontrollable "
-"laughter from his audience. Steamboat Bill, Jr. was a classic of this form, "
-"famous among film buffs for its incredible stunts. The film was classic "
-"Keaton—wildly popular and among the best of its genre."
-msgstr ""
-"Keaton ble født inn i en vaudeville familie i 1895. i æra av stumfilm, hadde "
-"han mestret med bred fysiske komedie som en måte å gnist lyste latter fra "
-"sitt publikum. Steamboat bill, jr. var en klassiker av dette skjemaet, kjent "
-"blant film buffs for sin utrolige stunts. filmen var klassisk keaton—"
-"vill populær og blant beste i sin sjanger."
+"laughter from his audience. <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. was a "
+"classic of this form, famous among film buffs for its incredible stunts. "
+"The film was classic Keaton—wildly popular and among the best of its "
+"genre."
+msgstr ""
+"Keaton ble født inn i en vauderville-familie i 1895. I stumfilm-æraen hadde "
+"han mestret bruken av bredpenslet fysisk komedie på en måte som tente "
+"ukontrollerbar latter fra hans publikum. <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</"
+"citetitle>. var en klassiker av denne typen, berømt blant film-elskere for "
+"sine utrolige stunts. Filmen var en klassisk Keaton—fantastisk "
+"populær og blant de beste i sin sjanger."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. According to Dave "
"Smith of the Disney Archives, Disney paid royalties to use the music for "
-"five songs in Steamboat Willie: \"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton"
-"\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. "
-"1\" (Baron), and \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). A sixth song, \"The Turkey in the "
-"Straw,\" was already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to Harry "
-"Surden, 10 July 2003, on file with author."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-msgid ""
-"Steamboat Bill, Jr. appeared before Disney's cartoon Steamboat Willie. The "
-"coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat Willie is a direct "
-"cartoon parody of Steamboat Bill,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"and both are built upon a common song as a source. It is not just from the "
-"invention of synchronized sound in The Jazz Singer that we get Steamboat "
-"Willie. It is also from Buster Keaton's invention of Steamboat Bill, Jr., "
-"itself inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat "
-"Willie, and then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
-msgstr ""
+"five songs in <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: \"Steamboat Bill,\" "
+"\"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry "
+"No. 1\" (Baron), and \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). A sixth song, \"The Turkey in "
+"the Straw,\" was already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to "
+"Harry Surden, 10 July 2003, on file with author."
+msgstr ""
+"Jeg er takknemlig overfor David Gerstein og hans nøyaktige historie, "
+"beskrevet på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. "
+"I følge Dave Smith ved the Disney Archives, betalte Disney for å bruke "
+"musikken til fem sanger i <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: "
+"\"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers"
+"\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. 1\" (Baron), og \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). "
+"En sjette sang, \"The Turkey in the Straw,\" var allerede allemannseie. "
+"Brev fra David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet "
+"til forfatteren."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
+"Steamboat Willie. The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
+"Willie is a direct cartoon parody of Steamboat Bill,<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and both are built upon a common song as a source. "
+"It is not just from the invention of synchronized sound in <citetitle>The "
+"Jazz Singer</citetitle> that we get <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>. "
+"It is also from Buster Keaton's invention of Steamboat Bill, Jr., itself "
+"inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat Willie, and "
+"then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
+msgstr ""
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. kom før Disneys tegnefilm "
+"Steamboat Willie. Det er ingen tilfeldighet at titlene er så like. "
+"Steamboat Willie er en direkte tegneserieparodi av Steamboat Bill,"
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> og begge bygger på en felles sang "
+"som kilde. Det er ikke kun fra nyskapningen med synkronisert lyd i "
+"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> at vi får <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Willie</citetitle>. Det er også fra Buster Keatons nyskapning Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen \"Steamboat Bill\", at vi får "
+"Steamboat Willie. Og fra Steamboat Willie får vi så Mikke Mus."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This \"borrowing\" was nothing unique, either for Disney or for the "
"industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream films of "
"that was borrowed. Disney added to the work of others before him, creating "
"something new out of something just barely old."
msgstr ""
+"Denne \"låningen\" var ikke unik, hverken for Disney eller for industrien. "
+"Disney apet alltid etter full-lengde massemarkedsfilmene rundt ham."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det samme gjorde mange andre. "
+"Tidlige tegnefilmer er stappfulle av etterapninger—små variasjoner "
+"over suksessfulle temaer, gamle historier fortalt på nytt. Nøkkelen til "
+"suksess var brilliansen i forskjellene. Med Disney var det lyden som ga "
+"gnisten til hans animasjoner. Senere var det kvaliteten på hans arbeide "
+"relativt til de masseproduserte tegnefilmene som han konkurrerte med. "
+"Likevel var disse bidragene bygget på toppen av fundamentet som var lånt. "
+"Disney bygget på arbeidet til andre som kom før han, og skapte noe nytt ut "
+"av noe som bare var litt gammelt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Sometimes this borrowing was slight. Sometimes it was significant. Think "
"about the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. If you're as oblivious as I "
"would dare to read these bloody, moralistic stories to his or her child, at "
"bedtime or anytime."
msgstr ""
-"noen ganger var denne lån liten. noen ganger var det betydelig. Tenk på "
-"eventyr av the Sunday. Hvis du er så oblivious som jeg var, er du "
-"sannsynligvis tror at disse fortellingene er glade, søte historier, passer "
-"for alle barn ved sengetid. faktisk grimm eventyr er, vel, for oss, dystre. "
-"Det er en sjelden og kanskje altfor ambisiøse forelder som ville våge å lese "
-"disse blodig, moralistiske fortellingene til hans eller hennes barn, ved "
-"sengetid eller når som helst."
+"Noen ganger var låningen begrenset, og noen ganger var den betydelig. Tenkt "
+"på eventurene til brødrene Grimm. Hvis du er like ubevisst som jeg var, så "
+"tror du sannsynlighvis at disse fortellingene er glade, søte historier som "
+"passer for ethvert barn ved leggetid. Realiteten er at Grimm-eventyrene er, "
+"for oss, ganske dystre. Det er noen sjeldne og kanskje spesielt ambisiøse "
+"foreldre som ville våge å lese disse blodige moralistiske historiene til "
+"sine barn, ved leggetid eller hvilken som helst annet tidspunkt."
#. PAGE BREAK 37
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney took these stories and retold them in a way that carried them into a "
"new age. He animated the stories, with both characters and light. Without "
"dark and injected a genuine emotion of compassion where before there was "
"fear. And not just with the work of the Brothers Grimm. Indeed, the catalog "
"of Disney work drawing upon the work of others is astonishing when set "
-"together: Snow White (1937), Fantasia (1940), Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo "
-"(1941), Bambi (1942), Song of the South (1946), Cinderella (1950), Alice in "
-"Wonderland (1951), Robin Hood (1952), Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp "
-"(1955), Mulan (1998), Sleeping Beauty (1959), 101 Dalmatians (1961), The "
-"Sword in the Stone (1963), and The Jungle Book (1967)—not to mention a "
-"recent example that we should perhaps quickly forget, Treasure Planet "
-"(2003). In all of these cases, Disney (or Disney, Inc.) ripped creativity "
-"from the culture around him, mixed that creativity with his own "
-"extraordinary talent, and then burned that mix into the soul of his culture. "
-"Rip, mix, and burn."
-msgstr ""
-"Disney tok disse historiene og retold dem på en måte som førte dem inn i en "
-"ny tidsalder. Han animert historiene, med både tegn og lys. uten å fjerne "
-"elementene i frykt og fare helt, han gjorde morsomt det var mørkt og "
-"injisert en ekte følelse av medfølelse der før der var frykt. og ikke bare "
-"med et verk av the Sunday. faktisk katalogen disney arbeid tegning på "
-"arbeidet til andre er forbløffende når satt sammen: snø hvit (1937), "
-"fantasia (1940), pinocchio (1940), dumbo (1941), bambi (1942), sang av Sør "
-"(1946), cinderella (1950), alice in wonderland (1951), robin hood (1952), "
-"peter pan (1953), lady og Landstrykeren (1955), mulan (1998), Tornerose "
-"(1959), 101 dalmatians (1961), sverdet i steinen (1963), og Jungelboken "
-"(1967)—ikke å nevne en siste eksempel som vi bør kanskje raskt glemme, "
-"skatt planeten (2003). i alle disse tilfellene, disney (eller disney, inc.) "
-"dratt kreativitet fra kultur rundt ham, blandet at kreativiteten med sin "
-"egen ekstraordinære talent, og deretter brent blanding inn i sjelen til sin "
-"kultur. rippe blande og brenne."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+"together: <citetitle>Snow White</citetitle> (1937), <citetitle>Fantasia</"
+"citetitle> (1940), <citetitle>Pinocchio</citetitle> (1940), "
+"<citetitle>Dumbo</citetitle> (1941), <citetitle>Bambi</citetitle> (1942), "
+"<citetitle>Song of the South</citetitle> (1946), <citetitle>Cinderella</"
+"citetitle> (1950), <citetitle>Alice in Wonderland</citetitle> (1951), "
+"<citetitle>Robin Hood</citetitle> (1952), <citetitle>Peter Pan</citetitle> "
+"(1953), <citetitle>Lady and the Tramp</citetitle> (1955), <citetitle>Mulan</"
+"citetitle> (1998), <citetitle>Sleeping Beauty</citetitle> (1959), "
+"<citetitle>101 Dalmatians</citetitle> (1961), <citetitle>The Sword in the "
+"Stone</citetitle> (1963), and <citetitle>The Jungle Book</citetitle> (1967)"
+"—not to mention a recent example that we should perhaps quickly "
+"forget, <citetitle>Treasure Planet</citetitle> (2003). In all of these "
+"cases, Disney (or Disney, Inc.) ripped creativity from the culture around "
+"him, mixed that creativity with his own extraordinary talent, and then "
+"burned that mix into the soul of his culture. Rip, mix, and burn."
+msgstr ""
+"Disney tok disse historiene og fortalte dem på nytt på en måte som førte dem "
+"inn i en ny tidsalder. Han ga historiene liv, med både karakterer og lys. "
+"Uten å fjerne bitene av frykt og fare helt, gjorde han morsomt det som var "
+"mørkt og satte inn en ekte følelse av medfølelse der det før var frykt. Og "
+"ikke bare med verkene av brødrene Grimm. Faktisk er katalogen over Disney-"
+"arbeid som baserer seg på arbeidet til andre ganske forbløffende når den "
+"blir samlet: <citetitle>Snøhvit</citetitle> (1937), <citetitle>Fantasia</"
+"citetitle> (1940), <citetitle>Pinocchio</citetitle> (1940), "
+"<citetitle>Dumbo</citetitle> (1941), <citetitle>Bambi</citetitle> (1942), "
+"<citetitle>Song of the South</citetitle> (1946), <citetitle>Askepott</"
+"citetitle> (1950), <citetitle>Alice in Wonderland</citetitle> (1951), "
+"<citetitle>Robin Hood</citetitle> (1952), <citetitle>Peter Pan</citetitle> "
+"(1953), <citetitle>Lady og landstrykeren</citetitle> (1955), "
+"<citetitle>Mulan</citetitle> (1998), <citetitle>Tornerose</citetitle> "
+"(1959), <citetitle>101 dalmatinere</citetitle> (1961), <citetitle>Sverdet i "
+"steinen</citetitle> (1963), og <citetitle>Jungelboken</citetitle> (1967)"
+"—for ikke å nevne et nylig eksempel som vi bør kanskje glemme raskt, "
+"<citetitle>Treasure Planet</citetitle> (2003). I alle disse tilfellene, har "
+"Disney (eller Disney, Inc.) hentet kreativitet fra kultur rundt ham, blandet "
+"med kreativiteten fra sitt eget ekstraordinære talent, og deretter brent "
+"denne blandingen inn i sjelen til sin kultur. Hente, blande og brenne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
"celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
"of expression and genius that builds upon the culture around us and makes it "
"something different."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er en slags kreativitet. Det er en kreativitet som vi bør huske og "
-"feire. Det er noen som vil si at det er ingen kreativitet bortsett fra denne "
-"typen. Vi trenger ikke å gå så langt å anerkjenne sin betydning. Vi kan "
-"kalle denne \"disney kreativitet,\" selv om det ville være litt misvisende. "
-"Det er mer presist, \"walt disney kreativitet\"—en form for uttrykk og "
-"geni som bygger på kultur rundt oss, og som gjør det noe annet."
+"Dette er en type kreativitet. Det er en kreativitet som vi bør huske på og "
+"feire. Det er noen som vil si at det finnes ingen kreativitet bortsett fra "
+"denne typen. Vi trenger ikke gå så langt for å anerkjenne dens betydning. "
+"Vi kan kalle dette \"Disney-kreativitet\", selv om det vil være litt "
+"misvisende. Det er mer presist \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\"—en "
+"uttrykksform og genialitet som bygger på kulturen rundt oss og omformer den "
+"til noe annet."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the \"average\" term by "
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively fresh. "
"The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite vibrant. "
"ways required the permission of the copyright owner."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain. No "
"permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
"build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone— whether connected or not, "
"whether rich or not, whether approved or not—to use and build upon."
msgstr ""
-"på slutten av en opphavsrett sikt sender et arbeid i public domain. Ingen "
-"tillatelse kreves for deretter å trekke på, eller bruke som fungerer. Ingen "
-"tillatelse og derfor ingen jurister. public domain er en \"advokat-free zone."
-"\" dermed, det meste av innholdet fra det nittende århundre var gratis for "
-"disney du bruker, og bygger på i 1928. Det var gratis for alle—enten "
-"tilkoblet eller ikke, om det er rik eller ikke, om godkjente eller "
-"ikke—hvis du vil bruke, og bygge på."
+"Når opphavsrettens vernetid er over, faller et verk i det fri og blir "
+"allemannseie. Ingen tillatelse trengs da for å bygge på eller bruke dette "
+"verket. Ingen tillatelse og dermed, ingen advokater. Allemannseie er en "
+"\"advokat-fri sone\". Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
+"dermed fritt tilgjengelig for Disney å bruke eller bygge på i 1928. Det var "
+"tilgjengelig for enhver—uansett om de hadde forbindelser eller ikke, "
+"om de var rik eller ikke, om de var akseptert eller ikke—til å bruke "
+"og bygge videre på."
#. PAGE BREAK 38
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This is the ways things always were—until quite recently. For most of "
"our history, the public domain was just over the horizon. From until 1978, "
"Walt Disney to build upon without permission. Yet today, the public domain "
"is presumptive only for content from before the Great Depression."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er hvordan ting var alltid—inntil ganske nylig. for de fleste av "
-"vår historie var public domain litt over horisonten. fra 1978 var "
-"gjennomsnittlig opphavsrett begrepet aldri mer enn tretti-to år, noe som "
-"betyr at de fleste kultur bare generasjon og et halvt gamle var gratis for "
-"alle å bygge på uten tillatelse fra noen andre. dagens tilsvarende ville "
-"være til kreativt arbeid fra 1960- og 1970-tallet til nå være gratis for "
-"neste walt disney å bygge på uten tillatelse. ennå i dag, er den offentlige "
-"sfæren presumptive bare for innhold fra før den store depresjonen."
+"Dette er slik det alltid har vært—inntil ganske nylig. For "
+"mesteparten av vår historie, har allemannseiet vært like over horisonten. "
+"Fram til 1978 var den gjennomsnittelige opphavsrettslige vernetiden aldri "
+"mer enn trettito år, som gjorde at det meste av kultur fra en og en halv "
+"generasjon tidligere var tilgjengelig for enhver å bygge på uten tillatelse "
+"fra noen. Tilsvarende for i dag ville være at kreative verker fra 1960- ot "
+"1970-tallet nå ville være fritt tilgjengelig for de neste Walt Disney å "
+"bygge på uten tillatelse. Men i dag er allemannseie presumtivt kun for "
+"innhold fra før mellomkrigstiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on \"Walt Disney creativity.\" Nor "
"does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and except "
"within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite universal."
msgstr ""
-"Selvfølgelig, walt disney hadde ingen monopol på \"walt disney kreativitet."
-"\" heller ikke Amerika. norm for fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og unntatt i "
-"totalitære nasjoner, vært forstand utnyttede og ganske universell."
+"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\". "
+"Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og "
+"unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært universell."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Consider, for example, a form of creativity that seems strange to many "
-"Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: manga, or comics. "
-"The Japanese are fanatics about comics. Some 40 percent of publications are "
-"comics, and 30 percent of publication revenue derives from comics. They are "
-"everywhere in Japanese society, at every magazine stand, carried by a large "
-"proportion of commuters on Japan's extraordinary system of public "
-"transportation."
-msgstr ""
-"Tenk deg for eksempel en form av kreativitet som synes underlig for mange "
-"amerikanere, men det er uunngåelig i japansk kultur: manga, eller "
-"tegneserier. Japansk er fanatikere om tegneserier. noen 40 prosent av "
-"publikasjoner er tegneserier, og 30 prosent av publikasjonen inntekter "
-"kommer fra tegneserier. de er overalt i japanske samfunnet, på hver "
-"magasinet stå båret av en stor andel av pendlere på Japans ekstraordinære "
-"systemet av offentlig transport."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+"Americans but that is inescapable within Japanese culture: <citetitle>manga</"
+"citetitle>, or comics. The Japanese are fanatics about comics. Some 40 "
+"percent of publications are comics, and 30 percent of publication revenue "
+"derives from comics. They are everywhere in Japanese society, at every "
+"magazine stand, carried by a large proportion of commuters on Japan's "
+"extraordinary system of public transportation."
+msgstr ""
+"Vurder for eksempel en form for kreativitet som synes underlig for mange "
+"amerikanere, men som er overalt i japansk kultur: <citetitle>manga</"
+"citetitle>, eller tegneserier. Japanerne er fanatiske når det gjelder "
+"tegneserier. Over 40 prosent av publikasjoner er tegneserier, og 30 prosent "
+"av publikasjonsomsetningen stammer fra tegneserier. De er over alt i det "
+"japanske samfunnet, tilgjengelig fra ethver tidsskriftsutsalg, og i hendene "
+"på en stor andel av pendlere på Japans ekstraordinære system for offentlig "
+"transport."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
"unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
"Hemingway. People of different cultures distract themselves in different "
"ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
msgstr ""
-"Amerikanerne har en tendens til å se på denne formen for kultur. Det er en "
-"unattractive kjennetegnet av våre. vi sannsynligvis misforstå mye om manga, "
-"fordi få av oss noensinne har lest noe nær historiene som disse \"grafiske "
-"romaner\" fortelle. for japansk, manga dekker alle aspekter av sosiale liv. "
-"tegneserier er \"menn i strømpebukse.\" for oss, og likevel, det er ikke som "
-"hvis new york-bane er fylt med leserne av joyce eller selv hemingway. "
-"mennesker av ulike kulturer distrahere seg på forskjellige måter, japanske "
-"på dette interessant annen måte."
+"Amerikanere har en tendens til å se ned på denne formen for kultur. Det er "
+"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sansynligvis mye rundt "
+"manga, pgå grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
+"historiene i disse \"grafiske historiene\" forteller. For en japaner dekker "
+"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier \"menn i "
+"strømpebukser\". Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
+"av lesere av Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
+"kulturer skiller seg ut på forskjellig måter, og japanerne på dette "
+"interessante viset."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But my purpose here is not to understand manga. It is to describe a variant "
"on manga that from a lawyer's perspective is quite odd, but from a Disney "
"perspective is quite familiar."
msgstr ""
-"men min hensikt her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er å beskrive en variant på "
-"manga som fra en advokat perspektiv er ganske rart, men fra en disney "
-"perspektiv er ganske godt kjent."
+"Men mitt formål her er ikke å forstå manga. Det er a beskrive en variant av "
+"manga som fra en avokats perspektiv er ganske merkelig, men som fra en "
+"Disneys perspektiv er ganske godt kjent."
#. PAGE BREAK 39
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"This is the phenomenon of doujinshi. Doujinshi are also comics, but they are "
-"a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the creation of doujinshi. It "
-"is not doujinshi if it is just a copy; the artist must make a contribution "
-"to the art he copies, by transforming it either subtly or significantly. A "
-"doujinshi comic can thus take a mainstream comic and develop it "
-"differently—with a different story line. Or the comic can keep the "
-"character in character but change its look slightly. There is no formula for "
-"what makes the doujinshi sufficiently \"different.\" But they must be "
-"different if they are to be considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are "
-"committees that review doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any "
-"copycat comic that is merely a copy."
-msgstr ""
-"Dette er fenomenet doujinshi. doujinshi er også tegneserier, men de er en "
-"slags copycat tegneserie. en rik ethic styrer opprettingen av doujinshi. Det "
-"er ikke doujinshi Hvis det er bare en kopi; kunstneren må gi et bidrag til "
-"kunst som han overfører, gjøre det subtly eller betydelig. en doujinshi "
-"tegneserie kan dermed ta en mainstream tegneserie og utvikle den "
-"annerledes—med en annen historie-linje. eller tegneserier kan holde "
-"tegnet i karakter, men endre sitt utseende litt. Det er ingen formel for det "
-"som gjør doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"annerledes.\", men de må være "
-"forskjellige hvis de skal anses som sann doujinshi. Det er faktisk komiteer "
-"som gjennomgå doujinshi for inkludering i viser og avvise enhver copycat "
-"tegneserie som er bare en kopi."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
+"also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
+"creation of doujinshi. It is not doujinshi if it is <emphasis>just</"
+"emphasis> a copy; the artist must make a contribution to the art he copies, "
+"by transforming it either subtly or significantly. A doujinshi comic can "
+"thus take a mainstream comic and develop it differently—with a "
+"different story line. Or the comic can keep the character in character but "
+"change its look slightly. There is no formula for what makes the doujinshi "
+"sufficiently \"different.\" But they must be different if they are to be "
+"considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are committees that review "
+"doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any copycat comic that is "
+"merely a copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Dette er fenomenet <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi er også "
+"tegneserier, men de er slags etterapings-tegneserier. En rik etikk styrer "
+"de som skaper doujinshi. Det er ikke doujinshi hvis det <emphasis>bare</"
+"emphasis> er en kopi. Kunstneren må gjøre et bidrag til kunsten han "
+"kopierer ved å omforme det entet subtilt eller betydelig. En doujinshi-"
+"tegneserie kan dermed ta en massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en "
+"annen retning—med en annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan "
+"beholde figuren som seg selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen "
+"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". "
+"Men de må være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
+"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, og "
+"avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are huge. "
"More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce these "
"market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
"competition and despite the law."
msgstr ""
-"disse copycat tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. de er "
-"enorm. mer enn 33.000 \"sirkler\" av skaperne fra tvers japan produsere "
-"disse biter av walt disney kreativitet. mer enn 450.000 japansk komme sammen "
-"to ganger i året, i den største offentlig sammenkomst i landet, å bytte og "
-"selge dem. Dette markedet finnes i parallell til det mainstream kommersielle "
-"manga-markedet. det åpenbart konkurrerer med dette markedet på noen måter, "
-"men det er ingen vedvarende innsats av de som styrer kommersielle manga-"
-"markedet for å stenge doujinshi markedet. den blomstrer, til tross for "
-"konkurransen og til tross for loven."
+"Disse etterapings-tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. Det "
+"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 \"sirkler\" av skapere over hele Japan som "
+"produserer disse bitene av Walt Disney-kreativitet. Mer en 450 000 "
+"japanesere samles to ganger i året, i den største offentlige samlingen i "
+"langet, for å bytte og selge dem. Dette markedet er parallellt med det "
+"kommersielle massemarkeds-manga-markedet. På noen måter konkurrerer det "
+"åpenbart med det markedet, men det er ingen vedvarende innsats fra de som "
+"kontrollerer det kommersielle manga-markedet for å stenge doujinshi-"
+"markedet. Det blostrer, på tross av konkurransen og til tross for loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
"law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
"\"derivative works.\" There is no general practice by doujinshi artists of "
"securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the practice is "
"simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt Disney did with "
-"Steamboat Bill, Jr. Under both Japanese and American law, that \"taking\" "
-"without the permission of the original copyright owner is illegal. It is an "
-"infringement of the original copyright to make a copy or a derivative work "
-"without the original copyright owner's permission."
-msgstr ""
-"funksjonen mest underlige i doujinshi markedet, for de jurist, minst, er at "
-"det er tillatt å eksistere i det hele tatt. under japansk lov om "
-"opphavsrett, som i denne forbindelse (på papiret) gjenspeiler amerikansk lov "
-"om opphavsrett, er doujinshi markedet en ulovlig. doujinshi er tydelig "
-"\"avledede works.\" det er ingen generell fremgangsmåte ved doujinshi "
-"artister for å sikre tillatelse fra skaperne manga. i stedet, øvelsen er "
-"ganske enkelt å ta og endre kreasjoner av andre, som walt disney gjorde med "
-"steamboat bill, jr. under både japanske og amerikanske loven, det \"tar\" "
-"uten tillatelse fra eieren av opprinnelige opphavsretten er ulovlig. Det er "
-"en krenkelse av opprinnelige opphavsretten til å lage en kopi eller et "
-"avledet arbeid uten den opphavspersonens tillatelse."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. Under both Japanese and American "
+"law, that \"taking\" without the permission of the original copyright owner "
+"is illegal. It is an infringement of the original copyright to make a copy "
+"or a derivative work without the original copyright owner's permission."
+msgstr ""
+"Den mest gåtefulle egenskapen med doujinshi-markedet, for de som har "
+"juridisk trening i hvert fall, er at det overhodet tillates å eksistere. "
+"Under japansk opphavsrettslov, som i hvert fall på dette området (på "
+"papiret) speiler USAs opphavsrettslov, er doujinshi-markedet ulovlig. "
+"Doujinshi er helt klart \"avledede verk\". Det er ingen generell praksis "
+"hos doujinshi-kunstnere for å sikre seg tillatelse hos manga-skaperne. I "
+"stedet er praksisen ganske enkelt å ta og endre det andre har laget, slik "
+"Walt Disney gjorde med <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. For både "
+"japansk og USAs lov, er å \"ta\" uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
+"opphavsrettsinnehaver ulovlig. Det er et brudd på opphavsretten til det "
+"opprinnelige verket å lage en kopi eller et avledet verk uten tillatelse fra "
+"den opprinnelige rettighetsinnehaveren."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Winick, Judd"
msgstr "Winick, Judd"
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New York: "
-"Perennial, 2000)."
+"For an excellent history, see Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing Comics</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
msgstr ""
-"For en utmerket historie, se Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New York: "
-"Perennial, 2000)."
+"For en utmerket historie, se Scott McCloud, <citetitle>Reinventing Comics</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
"view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
"tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from them."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Likevel eksisterer dette illegale markedet og faktisk blomstrer i Japan, og "
+"etter manges syn er det nettopp fordi det eksisterer at japansk manga "
+"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, \"I "
+"amerikansk tegneseriers første dager var det ganske likt det som foregår i "
+"Japan i dag. . . . Amerikanske tegneserier kom til verden ved å kopiere "
+"hverandre. . . . Det er slik [kunstnerne] lærer å tegne—ved å se i "
+"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem\" "
+"og bygge basert på dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
"the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
"it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are fifty years "
"old.\""
msgstr ""
-"amerikanske tegneserier nå er helt forskjellige, winick forklarer, delvis på "
-"grunn av juridiske vanskelighetene med å tilpasse tegneserier måte doujinshi "
-"er tillatt. Speaking of superman, winick fortalte meg, \"det er disse "
-"reglene og du har å holde oss til dem\" det er ting superman \"ikke\" gjøre. "
-"\"som en creator, det er frustrerende måtte holde oss til noen parametere "
-"som er femti år.\""
+"Amerikanske tegneserier nå er ganske annerledes, forklarer Winick, delvis på "
+"grunn av de juridiske problemene med å tilpasse tegneserier slik doujinshi "
+"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, \"er det en "
+"rekke regler, og du må følge dem\". Det er ting som Supermann \"ikke kan\" "
+"gjøre. \"For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
+"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.\""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
-"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" Rutgers Law Review 55 "
-"(2002): 155, 182. \"[T]here might be a collective economic rationality that "
-"would lead manga and anime artists to forgo bringing legal actions for "
-"infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga artists may be better off "
-"collectively if they set aside their individual self-interest and decide not "
-"to press their legal rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved."
-"\""
+"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"[T]here might be a collective "
+"economic rationality that would lead manga and anime artists to forgo "
+"bringing legal actions for infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga "
+"artists may be better off collectively if they set aside their individual "
+"self-interest and decide not to press their legal rights. This is "
+"essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.\""
msgstr ""
"se salil k. mehra, \"copyright og tegneserier i japan: gjør loven forklare "
"hvorfor alle tegneseriene min gutt klokker er japanske import?\" rutgers lov "
"bestemmer deg for ikke å trykke sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er "
"egentlig en fangens dilemma løst.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The norm in Japan mitigates this legal difficulty. Some say it is precisely "
"the benefit accruing to the Japanese manga market that explains the "
"ban doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
"artister, hvorfor er det ikke en mer generell mønster av blokkerer denne "
"\"gratis tar\" av doujinshi kultur?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
"ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller som dette.\""
#. PAGE BREAK 41
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a theme to which we will return: that regulation by law is a "
"advokater slåss denne sjørøver hjelpe sine kunder eller skade dem? La oss ta "
"en pause for et øyeblikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you're like I was a decade ago, or like most people are when they first "
"begynne å tenke disse problemene, bør så bare om nå du være rådvill om noe "
"du ikke hadde tenkt gjennom før."
-#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
+msgstr "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The term intellectual property is of relatively recent origin. See Siva "
-"Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 11 (New York: New York University "
-"Press, 2001). See also Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (New York: "
+"The term <citetitle>intellectual property</citetitle> is of relatively "
+"recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
+"citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). See also "
+"Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New York: "
"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term accurately describes a set of "
"\"property\" rights—copyright, patents, trademark, and trade-"
-"secret—but the nature of those rights is very different."
+"secret—but the nature of those rights is very different. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"begrepet immaterielle er relativt nylige opprinnelsesland. se siva "
"vaidhyanathan, opphavsrett og copywrongs, 11 (new york: new york university "
"forretningshemmeligheter— men innholdet av disse rettighetene er svært "
"forskjellige."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We live in a world that celebrates \"property.\" I am one of those "
"celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
"modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
"value out there that \"property\" doesn't capture. I don't mean \"money "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 42
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, even though the things that Disney took—or more generally, the "
"tradisjon ikke behandler disse takings som feil. noen ting fortsatt være "
"gratis for å ta innenfor en fri kultur, og at frihet er bra."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same with the doujinshi culture. If a doujinshi artist broke into a "
"kunstneren var galt. i tillegg til å ha begått, ville han har stjålet noe av "
"verdi. lov forbud at stjele i enhver form, enten store eller små."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
"kreativitet er sett på som rettferdig og høyre, selv om advokater spesielt "
"finner det vanskelig å si hvorfor."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
"or paying for the privilege. (\"Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but may I "
"have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you were wrong "
"about quantum physics?\") Acting companies perform adaptations of the works "
-"of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does anyone believe "
-"Shakespeare would be better spread within our culture if there were a "
-"central Shakespeare rights clearinghouse that all productions of Shakespeare "
-"must appeal to first?) And Hollywood goes through cycles with a certain kind "
-"of movie: five asteroid films in the late 1990s; two volcano disaster films "
-"in 1997."
+"of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does "
+"<emphasis>anyone</emphasis> believe Shakespeare would be better spread "
+"within our culture if there were a central Shakespeare rights clearinghouse "
+"that all productions of Shakespeare must appeal to first?) And Hollywood "
+"goes through cycles with a certain kind of movie: five asteroid films in the "
+"late 1990s; two volcano disaster films in 1997."
msgstr ""
"Det er det samme med tusen eksempler som vises overalt når du begynner å se. "
"forskere bygge på arbeidet til andre forskere uten å be om eller betale for "
"asteroider filmer inne det sen 1990s; to vulkanen katastrofe filmer i 1997."
#. PAGE BREAK 43
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creators here and everywhere are always and at all times building upon the "
"kultur som er gratis for å ta—gratis samfunn nærmere enn fri, kanskje, "
"men alle samfunn til en viss grad."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The hard question is therefore not whether a culture is free. All cultures "
-"are free to some degree. The hard question instead is \"How free is this "
-"culture?\" How much, and how broadly, is the culture free for others to take "
-"and build upon? Is that freedom limited to party members? To members of the "
-"royal family? To the top ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or "
-"is that freedom spread broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated "
-"with the Met or not? To musicians generally, whether white or not? To "
-"filmmakers generally, whether affiliated with a studio or not?"
+"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
+"free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
+"\"<emphasis>How</emphasis> free is this culture?\" How much, and how "
+"broadly, is the culture free for others to take and build upon? Is that "
+"freedom limited to party members? To members of the royal family? To the top "
+"ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or is that freedom spread "
+"broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated with the Met or not? To "
+"musicians generally, whether white or not? To filmmakers generally, whether "
+"affiliated with a studio or not?"
msgstr ""
-"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke om en kultur er gratis. alle "
-"kulturer er gratis til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet i stedet er "
-"\"hvordan gratis er denne kulturen?\" hvor mye og hvordan forstand, er "
-"kultur som er gratis for andre å ta, og bygge på? er den friheten begrenset "
-"til partiets medlemmer? til medlemmer av kongefamilien? til topp ti "
-"selskaper på new york stock exchange? eller er at frihet spredt bredt? til "
-"kunstnere vanligvis enten tilknyttet av the met eller ikke? til musikere "
-"vanligvis om hvit eller ikke? til filmskapere vanligvis enten tilknyttet et "
-"studio eller ikke?"
+"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur "
+"er fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet "
+"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen?\" hvor mye og "
+"hvordan forstand, er kultur som er gratis for andre å ta, og bygge på? er "
+"den hvordan forstand, er kultur som er friheten begrenset til partiets "
+"medlemmer? til medlemmer av kongefamilien? til topp ti selskaper på new york "
+"stock exchange? eller er at frihet spredt bredt? til kunstnere vanligvis "
+"enten tilknyttet av the met eller ikke? til musikere vanligvis om hvit eller "
+"ikke? til filmskapere vanligvis enten tilknyttet et studio eller ikke?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Free cultures are cultures that leave a great deal open for others to build "
"upon; unfree, or permission, cultures leave much less. Ours was a free "
"culture. It is becoming much less so."
msgstr ""
-"gratis kulturer er kulturer som lar mye åpen for andre å bygge på; Unfree, "
-"eller tillatelse, kulturer la mye mindre. våre var en fri kultur. det blir "
-"mye mindre."
+"Frie kulturer er kulturer som etterlater mye åpent for andre å bygge på. "
+"Ufrie, eller tillatelse-kulturer etterlater mye mindre. Vår var en fri "
+"kultur. Den er på tur til å bli mindre fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TWO: \"Mere Copyists\""
-msgstr "Kapittel to: \"kun copyists\""
+msgstr "Kapittel to: \"Kun etter-apere\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Daguerre, Louis"
msgstr "Daguerre, Louis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
"bransjen, som gjør alle slike tilknytninger, ved å holde konkurranse å holde "
"prisene.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
"plater av glass, og dermed det var likevel ikke en prosess innenfor "
"rekkevidde de fleste amatører."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Eastman, George"
msgstr "Eastman, George"
#. PAGE BREAK 45
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The technological change that made mass photography possible didn't happen "
"dramatisk utvide befolkningen av fotografer."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins "
+#| "University Press, 1975), 112."
msgid ""
-"Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University "
-"Press, 1975), 112."
+"Reese V. Jenkins, <citetitle>Images and Enterprise</citetitle> (Baltimore: "
+"Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 112."
msgstr ""
"Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University "
"Press, 1975), 112."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
"it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
"of its simplicity. \"You press the button and we do the rest.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in The Kodak Primer:"
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in <citetitle>The Kodak Primer</"
+"citetitle>:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Coe, Brian"
msgstr "Coe, Brian"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Brian Coe, The Birth of Photography (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977), "
-"53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Brian Coe, <citetitle>The Birth of Photography</citetitle> (New York: "
+"
Taplinger Publishing, 1977), 53. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Brian coe, fødselen av fotografering (new york: taplinger publiserer, 1977), "
"53."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The principle of the Kodak system is the separation of the work that any "
"person whomsoever can do in making a photograph, from the work that only an "
msgstr ""
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Jenkins, 177."
msgstr "Jenkins, 177."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Based on a chart in Jenkins, p. 178."
msgstr "Basert på et diagram i Jenkins, s. 178."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"For $25, anyone could make pictures. The camera came preloaded with film, "
"and when it had been used, the camera was returned to an Eastman factory, "
msgstr ""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Coe, 58."
msgstr "Coe, 58."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
"was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression. The "
"måte å uttrykke seg lettere enn noen verktøy kan har før."
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"For illustrative cases, see, for example, Pavesich v. N.E. Life Ins. Co., 50 "
-"S.E."
+"For illustrative cases, see, for example, <citetitle>Pavesich</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>N.E. Life Ins. Co</citetitle>., 50 S.E. 68 (Ga. 1905); "
+"<citetitle>Foster-Milburn Co</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Chinn</citetitle>, "
+"123090 S.W. 364, 366 (Ky. 1909); <citetitle>Corliss</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Walker</citetitle>, 64 F. 280 (Mass. Dist. Ct. 1894)."
msgstr ""
-"for illustrerende tilfeller, se, for eksempel pavesich v. ne livet ins. co, "
-"50 se"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"What was required for this technology to flourish? Obviously, Eastman's "
"genius was an important part. But also important was the legal environment "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 47
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
"tegne mickey, så bør også, disse fotografer ikke være fritt til å ta bilder "
"som de trodde verdifull."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warren, Samuel D."
msgstr "Warren, Samuel D."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" Harvard "
-"Law Review 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
+"
\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Samuel d. warren og louis d. brandeis, \"rett til personvern,\" harvard law "
"gå gjennom 4 (1890): 193."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"On the other side was an argument that should be familiar, as well. Sure, "
"there may be something of value being used. But citizens should have the "
"Brandeis, who would become a Supreme Court Justice, thought the rule should "
"be different for images from private spaces.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/>) It may be that this means that the photographer gets something "
-"for nothing. Just as Disney could take inspiration from Steamboat Bill, Jr. "
-"or the Brothers Grimm, the photographer should be free to capture an image "
-"without compensating the source."
+"for nothing. Just as Disney could take inspiration from <citetitle>Steamboat "
+"Bill, Jr</citetitle>. or the Brothers Grimm, the photographer should be free "
+"to capture an image without compensating the source."
msgstr ""
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, \"Privacy,\" California Law "
-"Review 48 (1960) 398–407; White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., "
-"971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
+"See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "
+"\"Privacy,\" <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
+"398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Samsung "
+"Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), "
+"cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
msgstr ""
"se melville b. nimmer, \"rett publisitet,\" lov og moderne problemer 19 "
"(1954): 203; William l. prosser, \"personvern\", california lov gå gjennom "
"48 (1960) 398407; hvite v. samsung electronics america, inc., 971 f. 2D 1395 "
"(9 cir. 1992), cert. nektet, 508 amerikansk 951 (1993)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Fortunately for Mr. Eastman, and for photography in general, these early "
"decisions went in favor of the pirates. In general, no permission would be "
"\" id=\"0\"/>)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
"utvikle for å demonstrere tillatelsen."
#. PAGE BREAK 48
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
"fiksing og triksing lærer de."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, February "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
"ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly so. "
"The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen dramatically. As "
"teachers call \"media literacy.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
msgstr "Yanofsky, Dave"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just Think!, "
"bilder. Målet er å gjøre [barn] literate om måten mediet fungerer, hvordan "
"den er konstruert, slik den er levert, og måten å få tilgang til den.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This may seem like an odd way to think about \"literacy.\" For most people, "
"merke delte infinitiv er det ting som \"literate\" folk vet om."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Judith Van Evra, Television and Child Development (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence "
-"Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family and TV Study,\" Denver Post, "
-"25 May 1997, B6."
+"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
+"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family "
+"and TV Study,\" <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25 May 1997, B6."
msgstr ""
"Judith van evra, TV og barn utvikling (hillsdale, NJ: lawrence erlbaum "
"associates, 1990); \"funn på familie og tv studie,\" denver innlegg, 25 mai "
"1997, b6."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
"commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials generally,"
"constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible media."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A growing field of academics and activists sees this form of literacy as "
"fungerer, hvordan det holder et publikum eller fører det gjennom en "
"artikkel, hvordan det utløser følelser eller bygger spenning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It took filmmaking a generation before it could do these things well. But "
"en lærer å skrive med bilder ved å gjøre dem og deretter reflektere over hva "
"man har opprettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Crichton, Michael"
msgstr "Crichton, Michael"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Barish, Stephanie"
msgstr "Barish, Stephanie"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Daley, Elizabeth"
msgstr "Daley, Elizabeth"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Interview with Elizabeth Daley and Stephanie Barish, 13 December 2002. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"1\"/>"
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 November "
"2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
"ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
"Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
"author.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "computer games"
msgstr "dataspill"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
"ingen anelse om. Hvis en filmskaper lykkes du ikke vet hvordan du ble ledet."
"\"Hvis du vet at du ble ledet gjennom en film, filmen mislyktes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the push for an expanded literacy—one that goes beyond text to "
"styremedlemmer. Målet er ikke å forbedre yrket i filmskapning overhodet. i "
"stedet, som daley forklart,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"From my perspective, probably the most important digital divide is not "
"at boksen fungerer i. ellers bare en svært få mennesker kan skrive med dette "
"språket, og resten av oss er redusert til å være skrivebeskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. Couch "
"\"lese-bare.\" passiv mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. Couch "
"Poteter. forbrukere. Dette er verden av medier fra det tjuende århundre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Interview with Daley and Barish. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Intervju med Daley og Barish. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f31
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid."
msgstr "ibid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
"could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with any language, this language comes more easily to some than to "
"bruke filmen til å uttrykke mening om noe elevene vet noe om—pistol "
"vold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
"enn i noen annen klasse å gjøre hva utdanning bør være omtrent—lære å "
"uttrykke seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using whatever \"free web stuff they could find,\" and relatively simple "
"students, `you have to do it in text,' they would've just thrown their hands "
"up and gone and done something else,\" Barish described, in part, no doubt, "
"because expressing themselves in text is not something these students can do "
-"well. Yet neither is text a form in which these ideas can be expressed well. "
-"The power of this message depended upon its connection to this form of "
-"expression."
+"well. Yet neither is text a form in which <emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas "
+"can be expressed well. The power of this message depended upon its "
+"connection to this form of expression."
msgstr ""
"bruker noe \"gratis web ting de kunne finne\", og relativt enkle verktøy til "
"å aktivere barna å blande \"bilde, lyd og tekst\", sa barish denne klassen "
"upon dens forbindelse til denne formen for uttrykk."
#. PAGE BREAK 52
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But isn't education about teaching kids to write?\" I asked. In part, of "
"økende grad, ikke den mektigste delen—for å bygge betydning. som daley "
"forklart i den mest flyttende del av vårt intervju"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
"men i stedet, virkelig hjelpe deg med å ta disse elementene du forstår, som "
"er ditt språk, og konstruere mening om emnet...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
"till de fått det riktig."
#. PAGE BREAK 53
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
"bruke et språk som de ikke snakker godt. men de hadde begynt å forstå at de "
"hadde mye kraft med dette språket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When two planes crashed into the World Trade Center, another into the "
"terrorisme var at forsinkede andre angrepet var perfekt timet for å sikre at "
"hele verden ville være å se."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
"koreograferte i måten vi er stadig mer vant til det, \"nyheter som "
"underholdning,\" selv om underholdning er tragedie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ABC"
msgstr "ABC"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CBS"
msgstr "CBS"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in addition to this produced news about the \"tragedy of September 11,\" "
"shows with text. Some offered open letters. There were sound recordings. "
"There was anger and frustration. There were attempts to provide context. "
"There was, in short, an extraordinary worldwide barn raising, in the sense "
-"Mike Godwin uses the term in his book Cyber Rights, around a news event that "
-"had captured the attention of the world. There was ABC and CBS, but there "
-"was also the Internet."
+"Mike Godwin uses the term in his book <citetitle>Cyber Rights</citetitle>, "
+"around a news event that had captured the attention of the world. There was "
+"ABC and CBS, but there was also the Internet."
msgstr ""
"men i tillegg til denne produsert nyheter om \"tragedie av 11 september\", "
"de av oss knyttet til Internett kom å se en svært forskjellige produksjon "
"og cbs, men det var også Internett."
#. PAGE BREAK 54
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't mean simply to praise the Internet—though I do think the "
"Internett folk til å ta bilder. og som i en film av en student på \"bare "
"tror!\"-bussen visuelle bilder kan blandes med lyd eller tekst."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But unlike any technology for simply capturing images, the Internet allows "
"kritisk, men at denne blandingen av tatt bilder, lyd, og kommentarer kan "
"være vidt spredt nesten umiddelbart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"September 11 was not an aberration. It was a beginning. Around the same "
"to come into public consciousness: the Web-log, or blog. The blog is a kind "
"of public diary, and within some cultures, such as in Japan, it functions "
"very much like a diary. In those cultures, it records private facts in a "
-"public way—it's a kind of electronic Jerry Springer, available "
-"anywhere in the world."
+"public way—it's a kind of electronic <citetitle>Jerry Springer</"
+"citetitle>, available anywhere in the world."
msgstr ""
"11 september var ikke en villfarelse. Det var en begynnelse. rundt samme "
"tid, en form for kommunikasjon som har vokst dramatisk var bare begynnelsen "
"en offentlig måte—det er en slags elektronisk jerry springer, "
"tilgjengelig overalt i verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in the United States, blogs have taken on a very different character. "
"diskusjon som vi har."
#. PAGE BREAK 55
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's a strong statement. Yet it says as much about our democracy as it "
"fleste av oss tror dette er demokrati."
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, bk. 1, "
-"trans. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. 16."
+"See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, <citetitle>Democracy in America</"
+"citetitle>, bk. 1, trans. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. "
+"16."
msgstr ""
"Se for eksempel alexis de tocqueville, demokrati i Amerika, bk. 1, trans. "
"Henry reeve (new york: bantam books, 2000), ch. 16."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
"the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
msgstr ""
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of "
+#| "Political Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgid ""
-"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of Political "
-"Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
+"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" Journal of Political "
"Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
"there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
msgstr ""
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, "
+#| "2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
msgid ""
-"Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), "
-"65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
+"Cass Sunstein, <citetitle>Republic.com</citetitle> (Princeton: Princeton "
+"University Press, 2001), 65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
msgstr ""
"Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), "
"65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"More bizarrely, there is generally not even permission for it to occur. We, "
"the most powerful democracy in the world, have developed a strong norm "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 56
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the blog. The blog's very architecture solves one part of this "
"public discourse uten publikum noensinne trenger å samles i en enkelt "
"offentlig sted."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But beyond architecture, blogs also have solved the problem of norms. "
"det er mange av alle politiske striper. og med blogger som ikke er politisk "
"dekker politiske spørsmål når anledningen fortjener."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Dean, Howard"
+msgstr "Dean, Howard"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The significance of these blogs is tiny now, though not so tiny. The name "
"Howard Dean may well have faded from the 2004 presidential race but for "
"blogs. Yet even if the number of readers is small, the reading is having an "
-"effect."
+"effect. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"betydningen av disse bloggene er liten nå, men ikke så små. navnet howard "
"dean kan godt har bleknet fra 2004 presidentvalget rase men for blogger. "
"Selv om antall lesere er liten, er ennå lesing har en effekt."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
"Noah shachtman, \"med uopphørlig innlegg, en pundit stirs potten,\" new york "
"times, 16 januar 2003, g5."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Lott, Trent"
+msgstr "Lott, Trent"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
"mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott \"misspoke"
"the story. Over time, more and more instances of the same \"misspeaking\" "
"emerged. Finally, the story broke back into the mainstream press. In the "
"end, Lott was forced to resign as senate majority leader.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This different cycle is possible because the same commercial pressures don't "
"selskaper. de må arbeide for å holde oppmerksomheten. Hvis de mister lesere, "
"mister de inntekt. som haier, må de flytte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But bloggers don't have a similar constraint. They can obsess, they can "
"historier. folk lese hva som er populært; Hva er populære har blitt valgt av "
"en veldig demokratisk prosess med node-generert rangeringer."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Winer, Dave"
+msgstr "Winer, Dave"
+
#. PAGE BREAK 57
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
"journalist simpelthen har ikke en konflikt av interesse, eller konflikt av "
"interesse er så lett avslørt at du vet du kan liksom få det ut av veien.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CNN"
msgstr "CNN"
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Telephone interview with David Winer, 16 April 2003."
msgstr "Telefonintervju med David Winer, 16. april 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
"(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
"with a reporter in Iraq. The New York headquarters was telling the reporter "
"over and over that her account of the war was too bleak: She needed to offer "
"a more optimistic story. When she told New York that wasn't warranted, they "
-"told her that they were writing \"the story.\")"
+"told her <emphasis>that</emphasis> they were writing \"the story.\")"
msgstr ""
#. f20
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
-"Online,\" New York Times, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, \"Shuttle "
-"Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online Journalism Review, 2 "
-"February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #10</ulink>."
+"Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci "
+"D. Kramer, \"Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online "
+"Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—\"amateur\" not in "
"the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic athlete, meaning "
"benefits, and costs, that might entail."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" New York "
-"Times, 29 September 2003, C4. (\"Not all news organizations have been as "
-"accepting of employees who blog. Kevin Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq "
-"who started a blog about his reporting of the war on March 9, stopped "
-"posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. Last year Steve Olafson, a "
-"Houston Chronicle reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, "
-"published under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people "
-"he was covering.\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (\"Not all "
+"news organizations have been as accepting of employees who blog. Kevin "
+"Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq who started a blog about his reporting of "
+"the war on March 9, stopped posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. "
+"Last year Steve Olafson, a <citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle> "
+"reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, published under a "
+"pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was covering."
+"\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"se michael falcone, \"betyr en redigering blyant ødelegge en weblogg?\" new "
"york times, 29. september 2003, c4. (\"ikke alle nyhetsorganisasjoner har "
"problemer og folk som han var dekket.\")"
#. PAGE BREAK 58
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with blogs. "
"\"It's going to become an essential skill,\" Winer predicts, for public "
"copyright), Winer said, \"we will be the last thing that gets shut down.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because \"you don't "
"blogger der skrive slike skjer. Når det er ti millioner, vil det være noe "
"ekstraordinære til rapporten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Brown, John Seely"
+msgstr "Brown, John Seely"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, "
"arbeid, som hans webområdet beskriver det, er \"menneskelige læring og... "
"etableringen av kunnskap dagsykluser for å opprette... innovasjon.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brown thus looks at these technologies of digital creativity a bit "
"men hans håv kommer fra hvordan disse teknologiene berører læring."
#. PAGE BREAK 59
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When \"a lot of us grew up,\" he "
"eller \"gratis collage,\" som brown kaller det. mange kommer til å legge til "
"eller forandre fiksing og den triksing av mange andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The best large-scale example of this kind of tinkering so far is free "
"software or open-source software (FS/OSS). FS/OSS is software whose source "
"technology works can tinker with the code."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This opportunity creates a \"completely new kind of learning platform,\" as "
"hver innsats er en slags læretid. \"åpen kildekode blir en større læretid "
"plattform.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this process, \"the concrete things you tinker with are abstract. They "
"triksing med andres ting. Jo mer du tinker jo mer du forbedre.\"jo mer du "
"forbedre, jo mer du lærer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
"respektere disse flere former for intelligens.\""
#. PAGE BREAK 60
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brown is talking about what Elizabeth Daley, Stephanie Barish, and Just "
"som fiksing og denne triksing med kultur lærer samt oppretter. det utvikler "
"talenter annerledes, og det bygger en annen type gjenkjenning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the freedom to tinker with these objects is not guaranteed. Indeed, as "
"teknologi, og nysgjerrighet, ellers ville sikre."
#. f22
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, \"Technological Access "
-"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,\" Communications of the "
-"Association for Computer Machinery 43 (2000): 9."
+"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,\" "
+"<citetitle>Communications of the Association for Computer Machinery</"
+"citetitle> 43 (2000): 9."
msgstr ""
"Se for eksempel edward felten og andrew appel, \"teknologiske "
"tilgangskontroll forstyrrer noninfringing stipend,\" kommunikasjon av "
"association for computer machinery 43 (2000): 9."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars. "
"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter 10) has "
"of the law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,\" Brown "
"forklarer. Vi trenger å \"forstå hvordan barn som vokser opp digital tror og "
"vil lære.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Yet,\" as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will evince, "
"dagens digitale barn.... bygger vi en arkitektur som unleashes 60 prosent av "
"hjernen [og] en juridisk system stenger ned som en del av hjernen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We're building a technology that takes the magic of Kodak, mixes moving "
"og legger til et mellomrom for kommentarer og en mulighet til å spre at "
"kreativiteten overalt. men bygger vi lov til å lukke den teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"No way to run a culture,\" as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet in chapter "
"\"ingen måte å kjøre en kultur\" som brewster kahle, hvem vil vi møtes i "
"kapittel 9, quipped til meg i en sjelden øyeblikk av despondence."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
msgstr "Kapittel tre: Kataloger"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the fall of 2002, Jesse Jordan of Oceanside, New York, enrolled as a "
"freshman at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, New York. His major "
"en programmerer, bestemte Jesse seg i oktober å begynne å fikle med en "
"søkemotorteknologi som var tilgjengelig på RPI-nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"RPI is one of America's foremost technological research institutions. It "
"blanding av talent og erfaring til å tenke og deretter bygge en generasjon "
"for nettverk-alder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"RPI's computer network links students, faculty, and administration to one "
"tilgang til andre medlemmer av samfunnet rpi."
#. PAGE BREAK 62
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
"ha tilgang til materiale som ikke kan få personer utenfor bedriften. "
"universiteter gjøre det også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These engines are enabled by the network technology itself. Microsoft, for "
"Microsofts NFS til å lage en indeks over alle filer som er tilgjengelige "
"innenfor rpi-nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's wasn't the first search engine built for the RPI network. Indeed, "
"det problemet, ved å legge til en knapp som en bruker kan klikke for å se om "
"maskinen holde filen var fortsatt on-line."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's engine went on-line in late October. Over the following six months, "
"mappen, inkludert alle typer innhold som kan være på brukernes datamaskiner."
#. PAGE BREAK 63
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus the index his search engine produced included pictures, which students "
"Universitetet brosjyrer—i utgangspunktet alt som brukere av rpi-"
"nettverket gjøres tilgjengelig i en fellesmappe på datamaskinen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the index also included music files. In fact, one quarter of the files "
"fiksing og triksing med teknologi i et miljø hvor fiksing og triksing med "
"teknologi var nøyaktig hva han skulle gjøre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On April 3, 2003, Jesse was contacted by the dean of students at RPI. The "
"servert med avhandlinger fra dressen. som han lese disse papirene og så "
"nyhetsrapporter om dem, ble han stadig mer forbauset."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. . . . "
"I don't think there's anything wrong with the search engine that I ran "
"or . . . what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't modified it in any way that "
"promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just modified the search engine "
-"in a way that would make it easier to use\"—again, a search engine, "
-"which Jesse had not himself built, using the Windows filesharing system, "
-"which Jesse had not himself built, to enable members of the RPI community to "
-"get access to content, which Jesse had not himself created or posted, and "
-"the vast majority of which had nothing to do with music."
+"in a way that would make it easier to use\"—again, a <emphasis>search "
+"engine</emphasis>, which Jesse had not himself built, using the Windows "
+"filesharing system, which Jesse had not himself built, to enable members of "
+"the RPI community to get access to content, which Jesse had not himself "
+"created or posted, and the vast majority of which had nothing to do with "
+"music."
msgstr ""
"\"det var absurd,\" sa han til meg. \"Jeg tror ikke jeg gjorde noe galt.... "
"Jeg tror ikke det er noe galt med søkemotoren som jeg kjørte eller... hva "
"gjøre med musikk."
#. PAGE BREAK 64
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
"derfor at jesse betale dem minst $15,000,000."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
+#| "Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 "
+#| "(2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgid ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): "
-"5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
+"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgstr ""
"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): "
"5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Similar lawsuits were brought against three other students: one other "
"student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at Princeton. "
"detail, the bottom line in each was exactly the same: huge demands for "
"\"damages\" that the RIAA claimed it was entitled to. If you added up the "
"claims, these four lawsuits were asking courts in the United States to award "
-"the plaintiffs close to $100 billion—six times the total profit of the "
-"film industry in 2001.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"the plaintiffs close to $100 <emphasis>billion</emphasis>—six times "
+"the <emphasis>total</emphasis> profit of the film industry in 2001."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse called his parents. They were supportive but a bit frightened. An "
"penger jesse hatt. Jesse hadde lagret $12.000 fra sommerjobber og andre "
"sysselsetting. de krevde $12000 for å avvise saken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The RIAA wanted Jesse to admit to doing something wrong. He refused. They "
"krone jesse hadde lagret."
#. PAGE BREAK 65
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's family was outraged at these claims. They wanted to fight. But "
"vunnet, ville han ha et stykke papir som sa han hadde vunnet, og et stykke "
"papir sier han og hans familie var konkurs."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So Jesse faced a mafia-like choice: $250,000 and a chance at winning, or "
"$12,000 and a settlement."
"eller $12.000 og et forlik."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001) "
"(27–2042—Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for "
-"the Arts, More Than One in a Blue Moon (2000)."
+"the Arts, <citetitle>More Than One in a Blue Moon</citetitle> (2000)."
msgstr ""
"yrkesmessig sysselsetting undersøkelse, US dept. of labor (2001) (27"
"2042—musikere og vokalister). Se også nasjonale legat for arts, mer "
"enn en i en blå månen (2000)."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" Wall "
+#| "Street Journal, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgid ""
-"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" Wall "
-"Street Journal, 10 September 2003, A24."
+"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
+"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgstr ""
"Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
"Wall Street Journal, 10. september 2003, A24."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The recording industry insists this is a matter of law and morality. Let's "
"put the law aside for a moment and think about the morality. Where is the "
"for running a search engine?<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"On June 23, Jesse wired his savings to the lawyer working for the RIAA. The "
"case against him was then dismissed. And with this, this kid who had "
"fiklet med en datamaskin og blitt saksøkt for 15 millioner dollar en "
"aktivist:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I was definitely not an activist [before]. I never really meant to be an "
"jeg noensinne forutsi noe lignende, men jeg tror det er bare helt absurd det "
"riaa har gjort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
"plukket ut ham. Men han ønsker å la folk få vite at de sender feil "
"budskap, Og han ønsker å korrigere posten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: \"Pirates\""
msgstr "Kapittel fire: \"Pirater\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If \"piracy\" means using the creative property of others without their "
"definert. konsekvent historien er hvordan siste generasjon pirater bli med "
"denne generasjon country club—før nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Film"
msgstr "filmen"
-#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I am grateful to Peter DiMauro for pointing me to this extraordinary "
-"history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, "
-"87–93, which details Edison's \"adventures\" with copyright and patent."
+"history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
+"citetitle>, 87–93, which details Edison's \"adventures\" with "
+"copyright and patent. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg er takknemlig til peter dimauro for å sette meg til dette ekstraordinære "
"historie. Se også siva vaidhyanathan, opphavsrett og copywrongs, 8793, som "
"inneholder informasjon om edison's \"opplevelser\" med opphavsrett og patent."
#. PAGE BREAK 67
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The film industry of Hollywood was built by fleeing pirates.<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
"demanded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
msgstr "som en kommentator forteller en del av historien,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
"film lager til å lage sine egne underjordisk marked."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"J. A. Aberdeen, Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent Motion "
-"Picture Producers (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and expanded texts "
-"posted at \"The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion Picture Patents Company "
-"vs. the Independent Outlaws,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-"cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a discussion of the economic motive behind "
-"both these limits and the limits imposed by Victor on phonographs, see "
-"Randal C. Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent "
-"and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright\" (September 2002), "
-"University of Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and "
-"Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
+"J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
+"Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
+"expanded texts posted at \"The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion Picture "
+"Patents Company vs. the Independent Outlaws,\" available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a discussion of the "
+"economic motive behind both these limits and the limits imposed by Victor on "
+"phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: "
+"Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright"
+"\" (September 2002), University of Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program "
+"in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "General Film Company"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Picker, Randal C."
msgstr "Picker, Randal C."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"With the country experiencing a tremendous expansion in the number of "
"nickelodeons, the Patents Company reacted to the independent movement by "
msgstr ""
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, archived at "
+#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
msgid ""
-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, archived at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
+"citetitle>, archived at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#12</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" The Silents Majority, arkivert på "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #12</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Napsters of those days, the \"independents,\" were companies like Fox. "
"And no less than today, these independents were vigorously resisted. "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 68
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
"marshals dukket opp, patentene var utløpt. en ny industri hadde blitt født, "
"delvis fra piratkopiering av Edisons kreative eiendom."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Recorded Music"
msgstr "Innspilt musikk"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The record industry was born of another kind of piracy, though to see how "
"requires a bit of detail about the way the law regulates music."
"hvordan krever at en setter seg inn i detaljer om hvordan loven regulerer "
"musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
"musikalske poeng, og jeg vil også måtte betale for retten til å utføre det "
"offentlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Beatles"
msgstr "Beatles"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But what if I wanted to record \"Happy Mose,\" using Edison's phonograph or "
"kunne jeg effektivt pirat andres sang uten å betale sin komponist noe."
#. PAGE BREAK 69
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
"som i Sør-dakota senator alfred sa kittredge,"
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330 "
"and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st "
"sess. (1906) (statement of Senator Alfred B. Kittredge, of South Dakota, "
-"chairman), reprinted in Legislative History of the Copyright Act, E. Fulton "
-"Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, "
-"1976)."
+"chairman), reprinted in <citetitle>Legislative History of the Copyright Act</"
+"citetitle>, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N."
+"J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976)."
msgstr ""
"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer copyright: hearings på s. "
"6330 og hr 19853 før (felles) komiteer på patenter, 59th cong. 59, 1 sess. "
"reprinted i lovgivningens bakgrunn av copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton "
"og abe goldman, Red. (south hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Imagine the injustice of the thing. A composer writes a song or an opera. A "
"publisher buys at great expense the rights to the same and copyrights it. "
msgstr ""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 23 (setning av "
"john philip sousa, komponist)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
"were \"sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of American "
msgstr ""
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283–84 "
"new york)."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared "
"memorandum of philip mauro, patent sjefsjurist for amerikansk graphophone "
"selskapet association)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
"arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 70
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer and the recording "
-"artist. Congress amended the law to make sure that composers would be paid "
-"for the \"mechanical reproductions\" of their music. But rather than simply "
-"granting the composer complete control over the right to make mechanical "
-"reproductions, Congress gave recording artists a right to record the music, "
-"at a price set by Congress, once the composer allowed it to be recorded "
-"once. This is the part of copyright law that makes cover songs possible. "
-"Once a composer authorizes a recording of his song, others are free to "
-"record the same song, so long as they pay the original composer a fee set by "
-"the law."
+"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer <emphasis>and</"
+"emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to make sure that "
+"composers would be paid for the \"mechanical reproductions\" of their music. "
+"But rather than simply granting the composer complete control over the right "
+"to make mechanical reproductions, Congress gave recording artists a right to "
+"record the music, at a price set by Congress, once the composer allowed it "
+"to be recorded once. This is the part of copyright law that makes cover "
+"songs possible. Once a composer authorizes a recording of his song, others "
+"are free to record the same song, so long as they pay the original composer "
+"a fee set by the law."
msgstr ""
"loven løst snart denne kampen til fordel for komponisten og opptak "
"kunstneren. kongressen endret loven å sørge for at komponister ville bli "
"andre gratis å registrere samme sang, så lenge de betaler den opprinnelige "
"komponisten et gebyr som er angitt av loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"American law ordinarily calls this a \"compulsory license,\" but I will "
"de betalte komponist (eller opphavsrettsinnehaver) gebyr som er angitt av "
"Vedtektene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Grisham, John"
msgstr "Grisham, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham writes a "
"til å bruke grisham's arbeide bortsett med tillatelse fra grisham."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and H.R. "
"11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess., 217 "
-"(1908) (statement of Senator Reed Smoot, chairman), reprinted in Legislative "
-"History of the 1909 Copyright Act, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. "
-"(South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976)."
+"(1908) (statement of Senator Reed Smoot, chairman), reprinted in "
+"<citetitle>Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act</citetitle>, E. "
+"Fulton Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman "
+"Reprints, 1976)."
msgstr ""
"Copyright lov revision: hearings på s. 2499, s. 2900, hr 243 og hr 11794 før "
"(felles) komiteen på patenter, 60 cong., 1 sess., 217 (1908) (setning av "
"copyright act, e. brylawski for fulton og abe goldman, Red. (south "
"hackensack, NJ: rothman opptrykk, 1976)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And thus, in "
-"effect, the law subsidizes the recording industry through a kind of "
-"piracy—by giving recording artists a weaker right than it otherwise "
-"gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control over their creative "
-"work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of this less control are the "
-"recording industry and the public. The recording industry gets something of "
-"value for less than it otherwise would pay; the public gets access to a much "
-"wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress was quite explicit about "
-"its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was the monopoly power of "
-"rights holders, and that that power would stifle follow-on creativity."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"1\"/>"
+"effect, the law <emphasis>subsidizes</emphasis> the recording industry "
+"through a kind of piracy—by giving recording artists a weaker right "
+"than it otherwise gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control over "
+"their creative work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of this less "
+"control are the recording industry and the public. The recording industry "
+"gets something of value for less than it otherwise would pay; the public "
+"gets access to a much wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress "
+"was quite explicit about its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was "
+"the monopoly power of rights holders, and that that power would stifle "
+"follow-on creativity.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently, "
"relaterer rapport fra house committee på rettsvesenet,"
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on "
"er takknemlig for glenn brun for tegning min oppmerksomhet til denne "
"rapporten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"the record producers argued vigorously that the compulsory license system "
"must be retained. They asserted that the record industry is a half-billion-"
"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By limiting the rights musicians have, by partially pirating their creative "
"ved å begrense fordel rettighetene musikere har, ved delvis pirating sine "
"skapende arbeid, registrere produsentene og offentligheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Radio"
msgstr "Radio"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
msgstr "Radio ble også født av piratkopiering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Hand, Learned"
msgstr "Hand, Learned"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See 17 United States Code, sections 106 and 110. At the beginning, record "
-"companies printed \"Not Licensed for Radio Broadcast\" and other messages "
-"purporting to restrict the ability to play a record on a radio station. "
-"Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument that a warning attached to a record "
-"might restrict the rights of the radio station. See RCA Manufacturing Co. v. "
-"Whiteman, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also Randal C. Picker, \"From "
+"See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
+"the beginning, record companies printed \"Not Licensed for Radio Broadcast\" "
+"and other messages purporting to restrict the ability to play a record on a "
+"radio station. Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument that a warning "
+"attached to a record might restrict the rights of the radio station. See "
+"<citetitle>RCA Manufacturing Co</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Whiteman</"
+"citetitle>, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also Randal C. Picker, \"From "
"Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the "
-"Propertization of Copyright,\" University of Chicago Law Review 70 (2003): "
-"281. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Propertization of Copyright,\" <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 70 (2003): 281. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"se 17, united states code, inndelinger 106 og 110. på begynnelsen av, spille "
"inn selskapene skrives ut \"ikke lisensiert for radiosendingen\" og andre "
"nektet og propertization av opphavsrett,\" university of chicago lov gå "
"gjennom 70 (2003): 281."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a \"public "
"performance\" of the composer's work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"owes the composer money for that performance."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Lovett, Lyle"
+msgstr "Lovett, Lyle"
+
#. PAGE BREAK 72
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
-"of the composer's work. The radio station is also performing a copy of the "
-"recording artist's work. It's one thing to have \"Happy Birthday\" sung on "
-"the radio by the local children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung "
-"by the Rolling Stones or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the "
-"value of the composition performed on the radio station. And if the law "
-"were perfectly consistent, the radio station would have to pay the recording "
-"artist for his work, just as it pays the composer of the music for his work."
+"of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
+"performing a copy of the <emphasis>recording artist's</emphasis> work. It's "
+"one thing to have \"Happy Birthday\" sung on the radio by the local "
+"children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung by the Rolling Stones "
+"or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the value of the "
+"composition performed on the radio station. And if the law were perfectly "
+"consistent, the radio station would have to pay the recording artist for his "
+"work, just as it pays the composer of the music for his work. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"men når radiostasjonen spiller en post, det er ikke bare utføre en kopi av "
"komponistens arbeid. radiostasjonen presterer også en kopi av den "
"prosent konsekvente, radiostasjonen vil måtte betale Plateartist for sitt "
"arbeid, akkurat som det lønner seg komponist av musikken for sitt arbeid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it doesn't. Under the law governing radio performances, the radio "
"å utføre den Plateartist arbeid gratis, selv om det må betale komponisten "
"noe for privilegiet av å spille sangen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Madonna"
+msgstr "Madonna"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music. Imagine "
"teateroppsetninger av at musikk. så hvis madonna ønsker å synge sangen i det "
"offentlige, hun har å bli din tillatelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
"our law, every time a radio station plays your song, you get some money. But "
"Madonna gets nothing, save the indirect effect on the sale of her CDs. The "
"public performance of her recording is not a \"protected\" right. The radio "
-"station thus gets to pirate the value of Madonna's work without paying her "
-"anything."
+"station thus gets to <emphasis>pirate</emphasis> the value of Madonna's work "
+"without paying her anything."
msgstr ""
"forestille hun gjør synge sangen, og forestille hun liker det mye. Hun "
"deretter bestemmer seg for å gjøre en innspilling av sangen, og det blir en "
"innspilling er ikke en \"beskyttet\" høyre. radiostasjonen får dermed pirat "
"verdien av madonna's arbeid uten å betale henne noe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt, one might argue that, on balance, the recording artists benefit. "
"gjøre dette valget. ved å gjøre valg for ham eller henne, gir loven "
"radiostasjonen retten til å ta noe for ingenting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Cable TV"
msgstr "Kabel-TV"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
msgstr "kabel-tv ble også født av en form for piratkopiering."
#. PAGE BREAK 73
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When cable entrepreneurs first started wiring communities with cable "
"noensinne—napster belastet aldri for innholdet det aktivert andre til "
"å gi bort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Anello, Douglas"
msgstr "Anello, Douglas"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Burdick, Quentin"
msgstr "Burdick, Quentin"
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the "
"federal communications commission)."
#. f14
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 116 (setning av douglas a. anello, "
"sjefsjurist av national association of broadcasters)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft. Rosel "
"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of \"unfair and "
msgstr ""
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 126 (setning av ernest w. jennes, "
"sjefsjurist av tilknytningen for maksimal service telecasters, inc.)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"The extraordinary thing about the CATV business is that it is the only "
"business I know of where the product that is being sold is not paid for."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Again, the demand of the copyright holders seemed reasonable enough:"
msgstr "igjen, etterspørselen av rettighetshavere virket fornuftig nok:"
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B. Krim, "
"president i united artists Corporation og john sinn, president i united "
"artists TV, inc.)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"All we are asking for is a very simple thing, that people who now take our "
"property for nothing pay for it. We are trying to stop piracy and I don't "
msgstr ""
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (statement of Charlton Heston, "
"president of the Screen Actors Guild)."
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (vitnemål fra Charlton Heston, "
"president i Screen Actors Guild)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These were \"free-ride[rs],\" Screen Actor's Guild president Charlton Heston "
"said, who were \"depriving actors of compensation.\"<placeholder type="
"Actor's Guild, som \"tok lønna fra skuespillerne\"<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But again, there was another side to the debate. As Assistant Attorney "
"General Edwin Zimmerman put it,"
"Men igjen, det er en annen side i debatten. Som assisterende justisminister "
"Edwin Zimmerman sa det,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Zimmerman, Edwin"
msgstr "Zimmerman, Edwin"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M. Zimmerman, "
"Copyright lov revision—catv, 216 (setning av edwin m. Zimmerman "
"fungerende assistent justisministeren)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Our point here is that unlike the problem of whether you have any copyright "
"protection at all, the problem here is whether copyright holders who are "
"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Copyright owners took the cable companies to court. Twice the Supreme Court "
"held that the cable companies owed the copyright owners nothing."
"Opphavsrettinnehaverne tok kabelselskapene til retten. Høyesterett fant to "
"ganger at kabelselskaper ikke skyldte opphavsrettinnehaverne noen ting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
"verdiene som skapes av broadcasters' innhold."
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, The Engine of Free "
-"Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free Information, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #13</ulink>. "
-"\"The threat of piracy—the use of someone else's creative work without "
-"permission or compensation—has grown with the Internet.\""
+"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
+"Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free "
+"Information</citetitle>, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #13</ulink>. \"The threat of piracy—the use of someone "
+"else's creative work without permission or compensation—has grown with "
+"the Internet.\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These separate stories sing a common theme. If \"piracy\" means using value "
"from someone else's creative property without permission from that "
"creator—as it is increasingly described today<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> — then every industry affected by copyright "
-"today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind of piracy. Film, "
-"records, radio, cable TV. . . . The list is long and could well be expanded. "
-"Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every generation—"
-"until now."
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> — then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry "
+"affected by copyright today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind "
+"of piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. . . . The list is long and could "
+"well be expanded. Every generation welcomes the pirates from the last. Every "
+"generation—until now."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: \"Piracy\""
msgstr "Kapittel fem: \"Piratvirksomhet\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is piracy of copyrighted material. Lots of it. This piracy comes in "
"dette tar galt. ingen bør condone det, og loven skal slutte det."
#. PAGE BREAK 76
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of \"taking\" that is "
"tvetydig enn outright kopiering og loven skal konto for at tvetydighet som "
"det så ofte har gjort i fortiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy I"
msgstr "piratkopiering jeg"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), The "
-"Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003, July 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #14</ulink>. See also Ben "
-"Hunt, \"Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk,\" Financial Times, 14 "
-"February 2003, 11."
+"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
+"<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
+"July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#14</ulink>. See also Ben Hunt, \"Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk,\" "
+"<citetitle>Financial Times</citetitle>, 14 February 2003, 11."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"All across the world, but especially in Asia and Eastern Europe, there are "
"businesses that do nothing but take others people's copyrighted content, "
"billion annually worldwide to piracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is piracy plain and simple. Nothing in the argument of this book, nor "
"denne boken, bør trekke i tvil dette enkle punktet: denne piratkopiering er "
"galt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Which is not to say that excuses and justifications couldn't be made for it. "
"hypocritical for oss å insistere så sterkt at andre utviklingsland behandle "
"feil hva vi, for de første hundre år av vår eksistens, behandlet som høyre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That excuse isn't terribly strong. Technically, our law did not ban the "
"internasjonalt juridiske galt, men en lokalt juridiske galt også."
#. PAGE BREAK 77
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"True, these local rules have, in effect, been imposed upon these countries. "
"opphavsretten internasjonalt. Vi kan ha vært født en pirat nasjon, men vi "
"tillater ikke noen annen nasjon til å ha en lignende barndom."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Drahos, Peter"
msgstr "Drahos, Peter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 10–13, 209. The "
-"Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement "
-"obligates member nations to create administrative and enforcement mechanisms "
-"for intellectual property rights, a costly proposition for developing "
-"countries. Additionally, patent rights may lead to higher prices for staple "
-"industries such as agriculture. Critics of TRIPS question the disparity "
-"between burdens imposed upon developing countries and benefits conferred to "
-"industrialized nations. TRIPS does permit governments to use patents for "
-"public, noncommercial uses without first obtaining the patent holder's "
-"permission. Developing nations may be able to use this to gain the benefits "
-"of foreign patents at lower prices. This is a promising strategy for "
-"developing nations within the TRIPS framework. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
-"\" id=\"0\"/>"
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
+"<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
+"Press, 2003), 10–13, 209. The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual "
+"Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement obligates member nations to create "
+"administrative and enforcement mechanisms for intellectual property rights, "
+"a costly proposition for developing countries. Additionally, patent rights "
+"may lead to higher prices for staple industries such as agriculture. Critics "
+"of TRIPS question the disparity between burdens imposed upon developing "
+"countries and benefits conferred to industrialized nations. TRIPS does "
+"permit governments to use patents for public, noncommercial uses without "
+"first obtaining the patent holder's permission. Developing nations may be "
+"able to use this to gain the benefits of foreign patents at lower prices. "
+"This is a promising strategy for developing nations within the TRIPS "
+"framework. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"se peter drahos med john braithwaite, informasjon Føydalisme: hvem som eier "
"knowledge economy? (new york: ny press, 2003), 1013, 209. handel-relaterte "
"kunne bruke dette for å få fordelene med utenlandske patenter til lavere "
"priser. Dette er en lovende strategi for utviklingsland rammene turer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If a country is to be treated as a sovereign, however, then its laws are its "
"laws regardless of their source. The international law under which these "
"these nations, this piracy is wrong."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgstr "Liebowitz, Stan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
-"Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"144–90. \"In some instances . . . the impact of piracy on the "
-"copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the work will be "
-"negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the individual engaging "
-"in pirating would not have purchased an original even if pirating were not "
-"an option.\" Ibid., 149. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
+"Amacom, 2002), 144–90. \"In some instances . . . the impact of piracy "
+"on the copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the work will "
+"be negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the individual "
+"engaging in pirating would not have purchased an original even if pirating "
+"
were not an option.\" Ibid., 149. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"for en analyse av økonomiske virkningen av kopiering teknologi, kan du se "
"stan liebowitz, rethinking nettverk økonomien (new york: amacom, 2002), 144"
"i pirating ikke ville ha kjøpt en original selv om pirating var ikke en "
"alternativet. ibid., 149."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, we could try to excuse this piracy by noting that in any "
"case, it does no harm to the industry. The Chinese who get access to "
"otherwise would have had.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
"piratkopiering av en konkret."
#. PAGE BREAK 78
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument is still very weak. However, although copyright is a property "
-"right of a very special sort, it is a property right. Like all property "
-"rights, the copyright gives the owner the right to decide the terms under "
-"which content is shared. If the copyright owner doesn't want to sell, she "
-"doesn't have to. There are exceptions: important statutory licenses that "
-"apply to copyrighted content regardless of the wish of the copyright owner. "
-"Those licenses give people the right to \"take\" copyrighted content whether "
-"or not the copyright owner wants to sell. But where the law does not give "
-"people the right to take content, it is wrong to take that content even if "
-"the wrong does no harm. If we have a property system, and that system is "
-"properly balanced to the technology of a time, then it is wrong to take "
-"property without the permission of a property owner. That is exactly what "
-"\"property\" means."
+"right of a very special sort, it <emphasis>is</emphasis> a property right. "
+"Like all property rights, the copyright gives the owner the right to decide "
+"the terms under which content is shared. If the copyright owner doesn't want "
+"to sell, she doesn't have to. There are exceptions: important statutory "
+"licenses that apply to copyrighted content regardless of the wish of the "
+"copyright owner. Those licenses give people the right to \"take\" "
+"copyrighted content whether or not the copyright owner wants to sell. But "
+"where the law does not give people the right to take content, it is wrong to "
+"take that content even if the wrong does no harm. If we have a property "
+"system, and that system is properly balanced to the technology of a time, "
+"then it is wrong to take property without the permission of a property "
+"owner. That is exactly what \"property\" means."
msgstr ""
"Dette argumentet er fortsatt veldig svak. men selv om opphavsrett er en "
"egenskap høyre i en veldig spesiell sortering, er det en egenskap som er "
"for en tid-teknologien, er det galt å ta eiendom uten tillatelse fra eieren "
"av en egenskap. Det er akkurat hva \"property\" betyr."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Linux operating system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Microsoft"
+msgstr "Microsoft"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><secondary>
+msgid "Windows operating system of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Windows"
msgstr "Windows"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese \"steal\" "
"the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the "
"free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not "
"eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft would "
-"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument, too, is somewhat true. The addiction strategy is a good one. "
"tjeneste som de vil bruke det, og ikke den andre når de blir jurister (og må "
"betale høy abonnementsavgift)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Still, the argument is not terribly persuasive. We don't give the alcoholic "
"a defense when he steals his first beer, merely because that will make it "
"fight Netscape. A property right means giving the property owner the right "
"to say who gets access to what—at least ordinarily. And if the law "
"properly balances the rights of the copyright owner with the rights of "
-"access, then violating the law is still wrong."
+"access, then violating the law is still wrong. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 79
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, while I understand the pull of these justifications for piracy, and I "
"endret for å tegne den lov i tvil. denne formen for piratkopiering er flat "
"ut feil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
"har du noensinne utestengt alle \"piratkopiering\" i den forstand av "
"begrepet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This doesn't mean that there are no questions raised by the latest piracy "
"peer-to-peer deling litt mer før vi fordømmer det til galgen med ansvar for "
"piratkopiering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For (1) like the original Hollywood, p2p sharing escapes an overly "
"bare utnytter en ny måte å distribuere innhold; men det er (3) i motsetning "
"til kabel-tv, ingen selger innholdet som er delt på p2p tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These differences distinguish p2p sharing from true piracy. They should push "
"å finne en måte å beskytte kunstnere samtidig som du gir denne deling til å "
"overleve."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy II"
msgstr "piratkopiering ii"
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>Bach</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Longman</citetitle>, 98 Eng. Rep. "
+"1274 (1777)."
msgstr "Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777)."
#. PAGE BREAK 80
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The key to the \"piracy\" that the law aims to quash is a use that \"rob[s] "
"the author of [his] profit.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This "
"alternative to assure the author of his profit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Christensen, Clayton M."
msgstr "Christensen, Clayton M."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary "
-"National Bestseller That Changed the Way We Do Business (New York: "
-"HarperBusiness, 2000). Professor Christensen examines why companies that "
-"give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently unable to come up "
-"with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own products. This "
-"job usually falls to outside innovators, who reassemble existing technology "
-"in inventive ways. For a discussion of Christensen's ideas, see Lawrence "
-"Lessig, Future, 89–92, 139. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
+"Revolutionary National Bestseller That Changed the Way We Do Business</"
+"citetitle> (New York: HarperBusiness, 2000). Professor Christensen examines "
+"why companies that give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently "
+"unable to come up with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their "
+"own products. This job usually falls to outside innovators, who reassemble "
+"existing technology in inventive ways. For a discussion of Christensen's "
+"ideas, see Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 89–92, "
+"139. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"se clayton m christensen, nyskapers dilemma: revolusjonerende nasjonale "
"bestselgeren som endret måten vi gjør forretninger (new york: "
"reassemble eksisterende teknologi på oppfinnsomme måter. for en diskusjon av "
"Christensens idéer, kan du se lawrence lessig, fremtidige, 8992, 139."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fanning, Shawn"
msgstr "Fanning, Shawn"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of the "
"Napster technology had not made any major technological innovations. Like "
msgstr ""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Carolyn Lochhead, \"Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,\" San "
-"Francisco Chronicle, 24 September 2002, A1; \"Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,\" New "
-"Scientist, 6 July 2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, \"Napster Names CEO, Secures "
-"New Financing,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 2003, C1; \"Napster's Wake-"
-"Up Call,\" Economist, 24 June 2000, 23; John Naughton, \"Hollywood at War "
-"with the Internet\" (London) Times, 26 July 2002, 18."
+"See Carolyn Lochhead, \"Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,\" "
+"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 September 2002, A1; "
+"\"Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,\" <citetitle>New Scientist</citetitle>, 6 July "
+"2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, \"Napster Names CEO, Secures New Financing,\" "
+"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 23 May 2003, C1; \"Napster's "
+"Wake-Up Call,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 24 June 2000, 23; John "
+"Naughton, \"Hollywood at War with the Internet\" (London) <citetitle>Times</"
+"citetitle>, 26 July 2002, 18."
msgstr ""
"se carolyn lochhead, \"silicon valley dream, hollywood mareritt\" san "
"francisco chronicle, 24 september 2002, a1; \"rock 'n' roll suicide,\" new "
"våkne opp samtalen,\" økonom, 24 juni 2000, 23; John naughton, \"hollywood "
"krig med Internett\" (london) ganger, 26 juli 2002, 18."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The result was spontaneous combustion. Launched in July 1999, Napster "
"amassed over 10 million users within nine months. After eighteen months, "
msgstr ""
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Ipsos-Insight, TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music Distribution "
-"(September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of Americans aged twelve and "
-"older have downloaded music off of the Internet and 30 percent have listened "
-"to digital music files stored on their computers."
+"See Ipsos-Insight, <citetitle>TEMPO: Keeping Pace with Online Music "
+"Distribution</citetitle> (September 2002), reporting that 28 percent of "
+"Americans aged twelve and older have downloaded music off of the Internet "
+"and 30 percent have listened to digital music files stored on their "
+"computers."
msgstr ""
"se ipsos-innsikt, tempo: å holde tritt med online musikk distribusjon "
"(september 2002), rapportering som 28 prosent av amerikanere i alderen tolv "
"digitale musikkfiler som er lagret på datamaskinene sine."
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Amy Harmon, \"Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,\" New York "
-"Times, 6 June 2003, A1."
+"Amy Harmon, \"Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,\" "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."
msgstr ""
"Amy harmon, \"industri tilbyr en gulrot i online musikk kamp,\" new york "
"times, 6. juni 2003 a1."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"According to a number of estimates, a huge proportion of Americans have "
"tasted file-sharing technology. A study by Ipsos-Insight in September 2002 "
"estimated that 60 million Americans had downloaded music—28 percent of "
"Americans older than 12.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A survey "
-"by the NPD group quoted in The New York Times estimated that 43 million "
-"citizens used file-sharing networks to exchange content in May 2003."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The vast majority of these are not "
-"kids. Whatever the actual figure, a massive quantity of content is being "
-"\"taken\" on these networks. The ease and inexpensiveness of file-sharing "
-"networks have inspired millions to enjoy music in a way that they hadn't "
-"before."
+"by the NPD group quoted in <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> "
+"estimated that 43 million citizens used file-sharing networks to exchange "
+"content in May 2003.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The vast "
+"majority of these are not kids. Whatever the actual figure, a massive "
+"quantity of content is being \"taken\" on these networks. The ease and "
+"inexpensiveness of file-sharing networks have inspired millions to enjoy "
+"music in a way that they hadn't before."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some of this enjoying involves copyright infringement. Some of it does not. "
"og hva slags skade det innebærer."
#. PAGE BREAK 81
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"File sharers share different kinds of content. We can divide these different "
"kinds into four types."
"Fildelerne deler ulike typer innhold. Vi kan derel disse ulike typene inn i "
"fire typer."
-#. A.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some who use sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"takes it would actually have bought it if sharing didn't make it available "
"for free. Most probably wouldn't have, but clearly there are some who "
"would. The latter are the target of category A: users who download instead "
-"of purchasing."
+"of purchasing. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Det er noen som bruker deling nettverk som erstatninger for å kjøpe innhold. "
"Derfor, når en ny madonna cd frigis, i stedet for å kjøpe cd, disse brukerne "
"a: brukere som laster ned i stedet for å kjøpe."
#. B.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some who use sharing networks to sample music before purchasing "
"av musikk som er kjøpt."
#. C.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are many who use sharing networks to get access to copyrighted content "
#. PAGE BREAK 82
#. D.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who use sharing networks to get access to content "
"innhold som ikke er opphavsrettslig beskyttet, eller at eieren av "
"opphavsretten ønsker å gi bort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "How do these different types of sharing balance out?"
msgstr "Hvordan balanserer disse ulike delingstypene?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
+#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
-"See Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle>, "
+"148–49. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy,148–49. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's start with some simple but important points. From the perspective of "
"the law, only type D sharing is clearly legal. From the perspective of "
"around the issue suggests."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Whether on balance sharing is harmful depends importantly on how harmful "
"\"tyveri\", som er \"ødeleggende\" industrien."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, Technology Evolution and the Music "
-"Industry's Business Model Crisis (2003), 3. This report describes the music "
-"industry's effort to stigmatize the budding practice of cassette taping in "
-"the 1970s, including an advertising campaign featuring a cassette-shape "
-"skull and the caption \"Home taping is killing music.\" At the time digital "
-"audio tape became a threat, the Office of Technical Assessment conducted a "
-"survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 percent of consumers older than ten "
-"had taped music to a cassette format. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology "
-"Assessment, Copyright and Home Copying: Technology Challenges the Law, OTA-"
-"CIT-422 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 1989), "
-"145–56."
+"See Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, <citetitle>Technology Evolution and the "
+"Music Industry's Business Model Crisis</citetitle> (2003), 3. This report "
+"describes the music industry's effort to stigmatize the budding practice of "
+"cassette taping in the 1970s, including an advertising campaign featuring a "
+"cassette-shape skull and the caption \"Home taping is killing music.\" At "
+"the time digital audio tape became a threat, the Office of Technical "
+"Assessment conducted a survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 percent of "
+"consumers older than ten had taped music to a cassette format. U.S. "
+"Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, <citetitle>Copyright and Home "
+"Copying: Technology Challenges the Law</citetitle>, OTA-CIT-422 (Washington, "
+"D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 1989), 145–56."
msgstr ""
"se cap gemini ernst og unge, teknologiutviklingen og music industriens "
"business modell krisen (2003), 3. Denne rapporten beskriver musikkbransjens "
"cit-422 (washington, DC: USA Government printing office, oktober 1989), 145"
"56."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
"to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
msgstr ""
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "U.S. Congress, Copyright and Home Copying, 4."
+msgid "U.S. Congress, <citetitle>Copyright and Home Copying</citetitle>, 4."
msgstr "amerikanske Kongressen, copyright og hjem kopiering, 4."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. \"In "
"major labels.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But just because the industry was wrong before does not mean it is wrong "
"in particular, and society in general—or at least the society that "
"inherits the tradition that gave us the film industry, the record industry, "
"the radio industry, cable TV, and the VCR—the question is not simply "
-"whether type A sharing is harmful. The question is also how harmful type A "
-"sharing is, and how beneficial the other types of sharing are."
+"whether type A sharing is harmful. The question is also <emphasis>how</"
+"emphasis> harmful type A sharing is, and how beneficial the other types of "
+"sharing are."
msgstr ""
"men nettopp fordi industrien var galt før betyr ikke det er galt i dag. Hvis "
"du vil evaluere den virkelige trusselen at p2p fildeling presenterer til "
"skadelig. spørsmålet er hvordan skadelige type er også en deling, og hvor "
"nyttig de andre typene deling er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
"sharing exceeds type B. If the record companies sold more records through "
"sampling than they lost through substitution, then sharing networks would "
"actually benefit music companies on balance. They would therefore have "
-"little static reason to resist them."
+"little <emphasis>static</emphasis> reason to resist them."
msgstr ""
"Vi begynner å svare på dette spørsmålet ved å fokusere på netto skade, fra "
"standpunktet av industrien som helhet, at deling nettverk. den \"net skaden"
"nettverk ville faktisk fordel musikk bedriftene på balanse. de ville derfor "
"ha liten statisk grunn til å motstå dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Could that be true? Could the industry as a whole be gaining because of file "
"Lukk."
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-msgid ""
-"See Recording Industry Association of America, 2002 Yearend Statistics, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #15</ulink>. "
-"A later report indicates even greater losses. See Recording Industry "
-"Association of America, Some Facts About Music Piracy, 25 June 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #16</ulink>: "
-"\"In the past four years, unit shipments of recorded music have fallen by 26 "
-"percent from 1.16 billion units in to 860 million units in 2002 in the "
-"United States (based on units shipped). In terms of sales, revenues are "
-"down 14 percent, from $14.6 billion in to $12.6 billion last year (based on "
-"U.S. dollar value of shipments). The music industry worldwide has gone from "
-"a $39 billion industry in 2000 down to a $32 billion industry in 2002 (based "
-"on U.S. dollar value of shipments).\""
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+msgid ""
+"See Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>2002 Yearend "
+"Statistics</citetitle>, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #15</ulink>. A later report indicates even greater losses. See "
+"Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>Some Facts About Music "
+"Piracy</citetitle>, 25 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #16</ulink>: \"In the past four years, unit "
+"shipments of recorded music have fallen by 26 percent from 1.16 billion "
+"units in to 860 million units in 2002 in the United States (based on units "
+"shipped). In terms of sales, revenues are down 14 percent, from $14.6 "
+"billion in to $12.6 billion last year (based on U.S. dollar value of "
+"shipments). The music industry worldwide has gone from a $39 billion "
+"industry in 2000 down to a $32 billion industry in 2002 (based on U.S. "
+"dollar value of shipments).\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Black, Jane"
msgstr "Black, Jane"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13 February "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #17</"
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In 2002, the RIAA reported that CD sales had fallen by 8.9 percent, from 882 "
"million to 803 million units; revenues fell 6.7 percent.<placeholder type="
"account for at least some of the loss. \"From 1999 to 2001, the average "
"price of a CD rose 7.2 percent, from $13.04 to $14.19.\"<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Competition from other forms of media could also "
-"account for some of the decline. As Jane Black of BusinessWeek notes, \"The "
-"soundtrack to the film High Fidelity has a list price of $18.98. You could "
-"get the whole movie [on DVD] for $19.99.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"2\"/>"
+"account for some of the decline. As Jane Black of <citetitle>BusinessWeek</"
+"citetitle> notes, \"The soundtrack to the film <citetitle>High Fidelity</"
+"citetitle> has a list price of $18.98. You could get the whole movie [on "
+"DVD] for $19.99.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 84
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But let's assume the RIAA is right, and all of the decline in CD sales is "
"gratis. Således, selv om 2,6 ganger det totale antallet CDer som selges ble "
"lastet ned gratis, salgsinntekter falt med bare 6.7 prosent."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
"gratis, og ennå inntekter fra salg falt med bare 6.7 prosent, er det en stor "
"forskjell mellom \"nedlasting av sanger og stjele en cd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are the harms—alleged and perhaps exaggerated but, let's assume, "
"hva verdien produserer det i tillegg til disse kostnadene?"
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"By one estimate, 75 percent of the music released by the major labels is no "
"longer in print. See Online Entertainment and Copyright Law—Coming "
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #18</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"One benefit is type C sharing—making available content that is "
"technically still under copyright but is no longer commercially available. "
"because the artist producing the content doesn't want it to be made "
"available, the vast majority of it is unavailable solely because the "
"publisher or the distributor has decided it no longer makes economic sense "
-"to the company to make it available."
+"<emphasis>to the company</emphasis> to make it available."
msgstr ""
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"While there are not good estimates of the number of used record stores in "
"existence, in 2002, there were 7,198 used book dealers in the United States, "
-"an increase of 20 percent since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, The Quiet "
-"Revolution: The Expansion of the Used Book Market (2002), available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. Used records "
-"accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National Association of "
-"Recording Merchandisers, \"2002 Annual Survey Results,\" available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."
+"an increase of 20 percent since 1993. See Book Hunter Press, <citetitle>The "
+"Quiet Revolution: The Expansion of the Used Book Market</citetitle> (2002), "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. "
+"Used records accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National "
+"Association of Recording Merchandisers, \"2002 Annual Survey Results,\" "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In real space—long before the Internet—the market had a simple "
"response to this problem: used book and record stores. There are thousands "
"of used book and used record stores in America today.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These stores buy content from owners, then sell the "
"content they buy. And under American copyright law, when they buy and sell "
-"this content, even if the content is still under copyright, the copyright "
-"owner doesn't get a dime. Used book and record stores are commercial "
-"entities; their owners make money from the content they sell; but as with "
-"cable companies before statutory licensing, they don't have to pay the "
-"copyright owner for the content they sell."
+"this content, <emphasis>even if the content is still under copyright</"
+"emphasis>, the copyright owner doesn't get a dime. Used book and record "
+"stores are commercial entities; their owners make money from the content "
+"they sell; but as with cable companies before statutory licensing, they "
+"don't have to pay the copyright owner for the content they sell."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bernstein, Leonard"
msgstr "Bernstein, Leonard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Type C sharing, then, is very much like used book stores or used record "
"klassen av innhold som ikke er kommersielt tilgjengelig. Internett gjør det "
"tilgjengelig, gjennom felles deling, uten konkurrerer med markedet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It may well be, all things considered, that it would be better if the "
"stoppes, tror du at biblioteker og brukte bokhandlere bør være stengt også?"
#. PAGE BREAK 86
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, and perhaps most importantly, file-sharing networks enable type D "
"sharing to occur—the sharing of content that copyright owners want to "
"have shared or for which there is no continuing copyright. This sharing "
"clearly benefits authors and society. Science fiction author Cory Doctorow, "
-"for example, released his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, "
-"both free on-line and in bookstores on the same day. His (and his "
-"publisher's) thinking was that the on-line distribution would be a great "
-"advertisement for the \"real\" book. People would read part on-line, and "
-"then decide whether they liked the book or not. If they liked it, they would "
-"be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's content is type D content. If sharing "
-"networks enable his work to be spread, then both he and society are better "
-"off. (Actually, much better off: It is a great book!)"
+"for example, released his first novel, <citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic "
+"Kingdom</citetitle>, both free on-line and in bookstores on the same day. "
+"His (and his publisher's) thinking was that the on-line distribution would "
+"be a great advertisement for the \"real\" book. People would read part on-"
+"line, and then decide whether they liked the book or not. If they liked it, "
+"they would be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's content is type D content. "
+"If sharing networks enable his work to be spread, then both he and society "
+"are better off. (Actually, much better off: It is a great book!)"
msgstr ""
"til slutt, og kanskje viktigst, tillater fildelings-nettverk typen d deling "
"oppstår—deling av innhold som eiere av opphavsretter vil har delt "
"sitt arbeid til å bli spredt, er både han og samfunnet bedre. (faktisk, mye "
"bedre av: det er en stor bok!)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Likewise for work in the public domain: This sharing benefits society with "
"løse problemet med skriver du inn en deling ødelegge muligheten for typen d "
"deling, så vi mister noe viktig for å beskytte type en innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
"fildeling? Hva er effektiviteten? Hva er innholdet som ellers ville være "
"utilgjengelig?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
"kunstnere. spørsmålet er en av balanse. loven bør søke denne balansen, og "
"denne balansen blir funnet bare med tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"\"But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the target "
"just what you call type A sharing?\""
"bare det du kaller type A-deling?"
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Transcript of Proceedings, In Re: Napster Copyright Litigation at 34- 35 "
"(N.D. Cal., 11 July 2001), nos. MDL-00-1369 MHP, C 99-5183 MHP, available at "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #21</ulink>. For an "
-"account of the litigation and its toll on Napster, see Joseph Menn, All the "
-"Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning's Napster (New York: Crown "
-"Business, 2003), 269–82."
+"account of the litigation and its toll on Napster, see Joseph Menn, "
+"<citetitle>All the Rave: The Rise and Fall of Shawn Fanning's Napster</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Crown Business, 2003), 269–82."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"You would think. And we should hope. But so far, it is not. The effect of "
"the war purportedly on type A sharing alone has been felt far beyond that "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If 99.4 percent is not good enough, then this is a war on file-sharing "
"den helt lovlig og fordelaktig bruker de tjener bare for å sikre at det er "
"null opphavsrett infringements forårsaket av p2p."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Zero tolerance has not been our history. It has not produced the content "
"sikre legitime rettighetene til skapere samtidig beskytte innovasjon. noen "
"ganger har dette betydde mer rettigheter for skapere. noen ganger mindre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So, as we've seen, when \"mechanical reproduction\" threatened the interests "
"blir respektert (siden radiostasjonen ikke har å betale dem for kreativitet "
"det kringkaste), Kongressen avvist deres krav. en indirekte fordel var nok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
"lenge de betalte lovbestemte pris."
#. PAGE BREAK 88
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This compromise, like the compromise affecting records and player pianos, "
"associated with broadcasters would use their power to stifle this new "
"technology, cable. But if Congress had permitted cable to use broadcasters' "
"content for free, then it would have unfairly subsidized cable. Thus "
-"Congress chose a path that would assure compensation without giving the past "
-"(broadcasters) control over the future (cable)."
+"Congress chose a path that would assure <emphasis>compensation</emphasis> "
+"without giving the past (broadcasters) control over the future (cable)."
msgstr ""
"denne sårbarheten, som kompromiss som påvirker poster og spilleren pianoer, "
"servert to viktige mål—faktisk to sentrale målene noen opphavsrett "
"Dermed Kongressen valgte en bane som ville forsikre kompensasjon uten å gi "
"siste (broadcasters) kontroll over fremtiden (kabel)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Betamax"
msgstr "Betamax"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the same year that Congress struck this balance, two major producers and "
"universal hevdet, være delvis ansvarlig for at krenkelse."
#. PAGE BREAK 89
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was something to Disney's and Universal's claim. Sony did decide to "
"universal ønsket å holde den ansvarlig for arkitektur som er valgt."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders): Hearing on S. 1758 "
"america, inc.)."
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 475."
msgstr "opphavsrett infringements (lyd og video-opptakere), 475."
#. f20
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C."
-"D. Cal., 1979)."
+"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony Corp. "
+"of America</citetitle>, 480 F. Supp. 429, (C.D. Cal., 1979)."
msgstr ""
"Universal city studios, inc. v. sony Corporation of america, 480 f. supp. "
"429, (klientadgangslisens CAL (CD), 1979)."
#. f21
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Infringements (Audio and Video Recorders), 485 (testimony of Jack "
"opphavsrett infringements (lyd og video-opptakere), 485 (vitnesbyrd om jack "
"valenti)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
"called VCRs \"tapeworms.\" He warned, \"When there are 20, 30, 40 million of "
msgstr ""
#. f22
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Sony Corp. of America, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th "
-"Cir. 1981)."
+"<citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Sony Corp. "
+"of America</citetitle>, 659 F. 2d 963 (9th Cir. 1981)."
msgstr ""
"Universal city studios, inc. v. sony Corporation of america, 659 f. 2d 963 "
"(9 cir. 1981)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
"the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
"liable for the copyright infringement made possible by its machines. Under "
"the Ninth Circuit's rule, this totally familiar technology—which Jack "
"Valenti had called \"the Boston Strangler of the American film industry"
-"\" (worse yet, it was a Japanese Boston Strangler of the American film "
-"industry)—was an illegal technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"\" (worse yet, it was a <emphasis>Japanese</emphasis> Boston Strangler of "
+"the American film industry)—was an illegal technology.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 90
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Ninth Circuit. And in "
"intervenere i slike konflikter. som domstol skrev,"
#. f23
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 431 "
-"(1984)."
+"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
+"Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 431 (1984)."
msgstr ""
"Sony Corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske "
"417, 431 (1984)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Sound policy, as well as history, supports our consistent deference to "
"Congress when major technological innovations alter the market for "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision. But as with "
"Kongressen var overbevist om at amerikanske film fikk nok, denne \"tar\" til "
"tross for. Hvis vi setter disse tilfellene sammen, et mønster er klart:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><title>
msgid "Table"
msgstr "Tabell"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "CASE"
msgstr "tilfelle"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS \"PIRATED\""
msgstr "verdien var \"piratkopiert\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
msgstr "Svar til domstolene"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "RESPONSE OF CONGRESS"
msgstr "Responsen til Kongressen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Recordings"
msgstr "Innspillinger"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Composers"
msgstr "Komponister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "No protection"
msgstr "Ingen beskyttelse"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Statutory license"
msgstr "lovbestemte lisens"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Recording artists"
msgstr "Innspillingsartister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "N/A"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Nothing"
msgstr "Ingenting"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Broadcasters"
msgstr "Kringkastere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "VCR"
msgstr "Videoopptakere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Film creators"
msgstr "Filmskapere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are the most important instances in our history, but there are other "
"regulated by Congress to minimize the risk of piracy. The remedy Congress "
"imposed did burden DAT producers, by taxing tape sales and controlling the "
"technology of DAT. See Audio Home Recording Act of 1992 (Title 17 of the "
-"United States Code), Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat. 4237, codified at 17 U."
-"S.C. §1001. Again, however, this regulation did not eliminate the "
-"opportunity for free riding in the sense I've described. See Lessig, Future, "
-"71. See also Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag,\" University of "
-"Chicago Law Review 70 (2003): 293–96. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>), Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat. "
+"4237, codified at 17 U.S.C. §1001. Again, however, this regulation did not "
+"eliminate the opportunity for free riding in the sense I've described. See "
+"Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 71. See also Picker, \"From Edison to "
+"the Broadcast Flag,\" <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 70 (2003): 293–96. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"disse er de viktigste forekomstene i vår historie, men det finnes andre "
"tilfeller også. teknologi for digital audio tape (dat), for eksempel var "
"datovelger, \"fra edison til flagget kringkasting,\" university of chicago "
"lov gjennomgå 70 (2003): 29396."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
"content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 91
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"In none of these cases did either the courts or Congress eliminate all free "
-"riding. In none of these cases did the courts or Congress insist that the "
-"law should assure that the copyright holder get all the value that his "
-"copyright created. In every case, the copyright owners complained of "
-"\"piracy.\" In every case, Congress acted to recognize some of the "
-"legitimacy in the behavior of the \"pirates.\" In each case, Congress "
-"allowed some new technology to benefit from content made before. It balanced "
-"the interests at stake."
+"In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these cases did either the courts or "
+"Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
+"cases did the courts or Congress insist that the law should assure that the "
+"copyright holder get all the value that his copyright created. In every "
+"case, the copyright owners complained of \"piracy.\" In every case, Congress "
+"acted to recognize some of the legitimacy in the behavior of the \"pirates."
+"\" In each case, Congress allowed some new technology to benefit from "
+"content made before. It balanced the interests at stake."
msgstr ""
"Ingen av disse tilfellene enten domstoler eller Kongressen eliminere alle "
"gratis ridning. Ingen av disse tilfellene gjorde domstoler eller Kongressen "
"Kongressen tillatt noen ny teknologi for å dra nytte av innhold gjort før. "
"det balansert interesser på spill."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you think across these examples, and the other examples that make up "
"registrere en sang?"
#. f25
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
+"<citetitle>Sony Corp. of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City "
+"Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, (1984)."
msgstr ""
"Sony Corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske "
"417, (1984)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
"answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
"uses of his work.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Instead, the "
"particular uses that the law regulates have been defined by balancing the "
"good that comes from granting an exclusive right against the burdens such an "
-"exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically been done after "
-"a technology has matured, or settled into the mix of technologies that "
-"facilitate the distribution of content."
+"exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically been done "
+"<emphasis>after</emphasis> a technology has matured, or settled into the mix "
+"of technologies that facilitate the distribution of content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
"at innovasjon fortsette."
#. f26
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"John Schwartz, \"New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software Echoes "
-"Past Efforts,\" New York Times, 22 September 2003, C3."
+"Past Efforts,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 September 2003, C3."
msgstr ""
"John schwartz, \"nye økonomien: angrepet på node-til-node-programvare "
"reflekterer forbi innsats,\" new york times, 22 september 2003, c3."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is especially true when a new technology enables a vastly superior mode "
"of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
"efficient in moving content across a widely diverse network. Left to "
"develop, they could make the network vastly more efficient. Yet these "
-"\"potential public benefits,\" as John Schwartz writes in The New York "
-"Times, \"could be delayed in the P2P fight.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone begins to talk about \"balance,\" the copyright "
-"warriors raise a different argument. \"All this hand waving about balance "
-"and incentives,\" they say, \"misses a fundamental point. Our content,\" the "
-"warriors insist, \"is our property. Why should we wait for Congress to "
-"`rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait before calling the "
-"police when your car has been stolen? And why should Congress deliberate at "
-"all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether the car thief had a "
-"good use for the car before we arrest him?\""
+"\"potential public benefits,\" as John Schwartz writes in <citetitle>The New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, \"could be delayed in the P2P fight.\"<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone begins to talk about \"balance,"
+"\" the copyright warriors raise a different argument. \"All this hand waving "
+"about balance and incentives,\" they say, \"misses a fundamental point. Our "
+"content,\" the warriors insist, \"is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why "
+"should we wait for Congress to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have "
+"to wait before calling the police when your car has been stolen? And why "
+"should Congress deliberate at all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask "
+"whether the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?\""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"It is our property,\" the warriors insist. \"And it should be protected "
-"just as any other property is protected.\""
+"\"It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,\" the warriors insist. \"And it "
+"should be protected just as any other property is protected.\""
msgstr ""
"\"det er vår eiendom,\" insisterer warriors. \"og det bør være beskyttet på "
"samme måte som en annen egenskap er beskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "\"PROPERTY\""
msgstr "\"Eiendom\""
#. PAGE BREAK 94
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The copyright warriors are right: A copyright is a kind of property. It can "
"opphavsretten til å holde for noen pris som han ønsker. markeder regner "
"tilbud og etterspørsel som delvis bestemmer prisen hun kan få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a \"property\" right is a bit "
"Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any expression is very odd. "
"I understand what I am taking when I take the picnic table you put in your "
"backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic table, and after I take it, you "
-"don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good idea you had to put "
-"a picnic table in the backyard—by, for example, going to Sears, buying "
-"a table, and putting it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking then?"
+"don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good <emphasis>idea</"
+"emphasis> you had to put a picnic table in the backyard—by, for "
+"example, going to Sears, buying a table, and putting it in my backyard? What "
+"is the thing I am taking then?"
msgstr ""
"men i vanlig språk, å ringe en copyright \"property\" høyre er litt "
"misvisende, for copyright-egenskapen er en odde type bolig. selve idéen om "
"det jeg tar deretter?"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in The "
-"Writings of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 6 (Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery "
-"Bergh, eds., 1903), 330, 333–34."
+"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Isaac McPherson (13 August 1813) in "
+"<citetitle>The Writings of Thomas Jefferson</citetitle>, vol. 6 (Andrew A. "
+"Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh, eds., 1903), 330, 333–34."
msgstr ""
"brev fra thomas jefferson til isaac mcpherson (13 august 1813) i skrifter av "
"thomas jefferson, vol. 6 (andrew a. lipscomb og albert ellery bergh, Red., "
"1903), 330, 33334."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The point is not just about the thingness of picnic tables versus ideas, "
"though that's an important difference. The point instead is that in the "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
"blir immaterielle eiendom."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As the legal realists taught American law, all property rights are "
"against the world to do or not do certain things that may or may not attach "
"to a physical object. The right itself is intangible, even if the object to "
"which it is (metaphorically) attached is tangible. See Adam Mossoff, \"What "
-"Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,\" Arizona Law Review 45 "
-"(2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
+"Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,\" <citetitle>Arizona Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
msgstr ""
"som de juridiske realistene lærte amerikansk lov, er alle "
"eiendomsrettigheter immaterielle. egenskapen rett er ganske enkelt en "
"se adam mossoff, \"Hva er egenskapen? å sette dem tilbake sammen,\"-arizona "
"lov, se 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But how, and to what extent, and in what form—the details, in other "
"words—matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
"proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
"implikasjoner vil bli avslørt som ganske forskjellig fra implikasjonene at "
"opphavsrett krigere ville ha oss til å tegne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
msgstr "Kapittel seks: Grunnleggerne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
-msgid ""
-"William Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1595. The play was first "
-"published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that Shakespeare had "
-"written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and the plays that "
-"he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever since. So "
-"deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into our culture "
-"that we often don't even recognize their source. I once overheard someone "
-"commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: \"I liked it, but "
-"Shakespeare is so full of clichés.\""
-msgstr ""
-"William Shakespeare skrev \"Romeo og Julie\" i 1595. Skuespillet ble først "
-"utgitt i 1597. Det var det ellevte store skuespillet Shakespeare hadde "
-"skrevet. Han fortsatte å skrive skuespill helt til 1613, og stykkene han "
-"skrevhar fortsatt å definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. Så dypt har "
-"verkene av en 1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vår kultur at vi ofte ikke "
-"engang kjenner kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere Kenneth "
-"Branaghs utgave av Henry V: \"Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så full av "
-"klisjeer.\""
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"William Shakespeare wrote <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. "
+"The play was first published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that "
+"Shakespeare had written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and "
+"the plays that he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever "
+"since. So deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into "
+"our culture that we often don't even recognize their source. I once "
+"overheard someone commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: \"I "
+"liked it, but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.\""
+msgstr ""
+"William Shakespeare skrev <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> i 1595. "
+"Skuespillet ble først utgitt i 1597. Det var det ellevte store skuespillet "
+"Shakespeare hadde skrevet. Han fortsatte å skrive skuespill helt til 1613, "
+"og stykkene han skrevhar fortsatt å definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. "
+"Så dypt har verkene av en 1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vår kultur at vi "
+"ofte ikke engang kjenner kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere "
+"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: \"Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så "
+"full av klisjeer.\""
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
-"handsome \"definitive editions\" of classic works. In addition to Romeo and "
-"Juliet, he published an astonishing array of works that still remain at the "
-"heart of the English canon, including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben "
-"Jonson, John Milton, and John Dryden. See Keith Walker, \"Jacob Tonson, "
-"Bookseller,\" American Scholar 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
+"handsome \"definitive editions\" of classic works. In addition to "
+"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an astonishing array "
+"of works that still remain at the heart of the English canon, including "
+"collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, and John Dryden. "
+"See Keith Walker, \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" <citetitle>American Scholar</"
+"citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
msgstr ""
"Jacob Tonson er vanligvis husket for sin omgang med 1700-tallets litterære "
"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke\"ferdige versjoner\" av "
-"klassiske verk. I tillegg til Romeo og Julie, utga han en utrolig rekke "
-"liste av verk som ennå er hjertet av den engelske kanon, inkludert de "
-"samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, og John Dryden. Se "
-"Keith Walker: \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" American Scholar 61:3 (1992): "
-"424-31."
+"klassiske verk. I tillegg til <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle>, utga "
+"han en utrolig rekke liste av verk som ennå er hjertet av den engelske "
+"kanon, inkludert de samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, og "
+"John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" "
+"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424-31."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective (Nashville: "
-"Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
+"citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
msgstr ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective (Nashville: "
-"Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
+"citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), 151–52."
#. PAGE BREAK 97
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
-msgid ""
-"In 1774, almost 180 years after Romeo and Juliet was written, the \"copy-"
-"right\" for the work was still thought by many to be the exclusive right of "
-"a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent of a small group of publishers called "
-"the Conger<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who controlled "
-"bookselling in England during the eighteenth century. The Conger claimed a "
-"perpetual right to control the \"copy\" of books that they had acquired from "
-"authors. That perpetual right meant that no one else could publish copies of "
-"a book to which they held the copyright. Prices of the classics were thus "
-"kept high; competition to produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."
-msgstr ""
-"I 1774, nesten 180 år etter at Romeo og Julie ble skrevet, mente mange at "
-"\"opphavsretten\" kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i London, John Tonson. "
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson var den mest fremstående av "
-"en liten gruppe utgivere kalt \"the Conger\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i England gjennom hele 1700-tallet. "
-"The Conger hevdet at de hadde en evigvarende rett over \"kopier\" av bøker "
-"de hadde fått av forfatterne. Denne evigvarende retten innebar at ingen "
-"andre kunne publisere kopier av disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen på klassiske "
-"bøker holdt oppe; alle konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, "
-"ble fjernet."
-
-#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
+"written, the \"copy-right\" for the work was still thought by many to be the "
+"exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent of a small group of "
+"publishers called the Conger<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who "
+"controlled bookselling in England during the eighteenth century. The Conger "
+"claimed a perpetual right to control the \"copy\" of books that they had "
+"acquired from authors. That perpetual right meant that no one else could "
+"publish copies of a book to which they held the copyright. Prices of the "
+"classics were thus kept high; competition to produce better or cheaper "
+"editions was eliminated."
+msgstr ""
+"I 1774, nesten 180 år etter at <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> ble "
+"skrevet, mente mange at \"opphavsretten\" kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i "
+"London, John Tonson. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson var "
+"den mest fremstående av en liten gruppe utgivere kalt \"the Conger"
+"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i "
+"England gjennom hele 1700-tallet. The Conger hevdet at de hadde en "
+"evigvarende rett over \"kopier\" av bøker de hadde fått av forfatterne. "
+"Denne evigvarende retten innebar at ingen andre kunne publisere kopier av "
+"disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen på klassiske bøker holdt oppe; alle "
+"konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, ble fjernet."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
-"\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 40."
+"\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
+"citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Aom Siva Vaidhyanathan pent hevder, er det feilaktige å kalle dette en \"lov "
-"om opphavsrett.\" Se vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 40."
+"Som Siva Vaidhyanathan så pent argumenterer, er det feilaktige å kalle dette "
+"en \"opphavsrettslov.\" Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
+"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
"little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
"published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable once "
"if the author was alive, and that all works already published by 1710 would "
"get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
-"\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, Romeo and Juliet should have been free in "
-"1731. So why was there any issue about it still being under Tonson's control "
-"in 1774?"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> should "
+"have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue about it still being "
+"under Tonson's control in 1774?"
msgstr ""
"Men altså, det er noe spennende med året 1774 for alle som vet litt om "
"opphavsretts-lovgivning. Det mest kjente året for opphavsrett er 1710, da "
"fjorten år, en periode som kunne fornyes én gang dersom forfatteren ennå "
"levde, og at alle verk publisert i eller før 1710 skulle ha en ekstraperiode "
"på 22 tillegsår.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> På grunn av denne "
-"loven, så skulle \"Rome og Julie\" ha falt i det fri i 1731. Hvordan kunne "
-"da Tonson fortsatt ha kontroll over verket i 1774?"
+"loven, så skulle <citetitle>Rome og Julie</citetitle> ha falt i det fri i "
+"1731. Hvordan kunne da Tonson fortsatt ha kontroll over verket i 1774?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Licensing Act (1662)"
+msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
+#| "was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute "
+#| "of Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights. The last "
+#| "law regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in "
+#| "1695. That law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to "
+#| "make it easier for the Crown to control what was published. But after it "
+#| "expired, there was no positive law that said that the publishers, or "
+#| "\"Stationers,\" had an exclusive right to print books."
msgid ""
"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
"was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute of "
"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
"for the Crown to control what was published. But after it expired, there "
"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books."
+"exclusive right to print books. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ikke hadde bestemt hva "
"opphavsrett innebar -- faktisk hadde ingen i verden det. På den tiden da "
"etter at det har utløpt, var det ingen positiv lov som sa at utgiverne hadde "
"en eksklusiv rett til å trykke bøker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-msgid ""
-"There was no positive law, but that didn't mean that there was no law. The "
-"Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words of legislatures and "
-"the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern how people are to "
-"behave. We call the words from legislatures \"positive law.\" We call the "
-"words from judges \"common law.\" The common law sets the background against "
-"which legislatures legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that "
-"background only if it passes a law to displace it. And so the real question "
-"after the licensing statutes had expired was whether the common law "
-"protected a copyright, independent of any positive law."
-msgstr ""
-"At det ikke fantes noen positiv lov, betydde ikke at det ikke fantes noen "
-"lov. Den anglo-amerikanske juridiske tradisjon ser både til lover skapt av "
-"politikere (det lovgivende statsorgen)og til lover (prejudikater) skapt av "
-"domstolene for å bestemme hvordan folket skal leve. Vi kaller politikernes "
-"lover for positiv lov og vi kaller lovene fra dommerne sedvanerett.\"Common "
-"law\" angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes lovgivning; retten til lovgiving, "
-"vanligvis kan trumfe at bakgrunnen bare hvis det går gjennom en lov til å "
-"forskyve den. Og så var det virkelige spørsmålet etter lisensiering lover "
-"hadde utløpt om felles lov beskyttet opphavsretten, uavhengig av lovverket "
-"positiv."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
+"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
+"of legislatures and the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern "
+"how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures \"positive law."
+"\" We call the words from judges \"common law.\" The common law sets the "
+"background against which legislatures legislate; the legislature, "
+"ordinarily, can trump that background only if it passes a law to displace "
+"it. And so the real question after the licensing statutes had expired was "
+"whether the common law protected a copyright, independent of any positive "
+"law."
+msgstr ""
+"At det ikke fantes noen <emphasis>positiv</emphasis> lov, betydde ikke at "
+"det ikke fantes noen lov. Den anglo-amerikanske juridiske tradisjon ser både "
+"til lover skapt av politikere (det lovgivende statsorgen)og til lover "
+"(prejudikater) skapt av domstolene for å bestemme hvordan folket skal leve. "
+"Vi kaller politikernes lover for positiv lov og vi kaller lovene fra "
+"dommerne sedvanerett.\"Common law\" angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes "
+"lovgivning; retten til lovgiving, vanligvis kan trumfe at bakgrunnen bare "
+"hvis det går gjennom en lov til å forskyve den. Og så var det virkelige "
+"spørsmålet etter lisensiering lover hadde utløpt om felles lov beskyttet "
+"opphavsretten, uavhengig av lovverket positiv."
#. PAGE BREAK 98
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This question was important to the publishers, or \"booksellers,\" as they "
"were called, because there was growing competition from foreign publishers. "
"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i \"Statute of "
"Anne\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Statute of Anne granted the author or \"proprietor\" of a book an "
"exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, however, and "
"dette gikk trykkeretten bort og verket falt i det fri og kunne trykkes av "
"hvem som helst. Det var ihvertfall det lovgiverne hadde tenkt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Now, the thing to puzzle about for a moment is this: Why would Parliament "
"limit the exclusive right? Not why would they limit it to the particular "
-"limit they set, but why would they limit the right at all?"
+"limit they set, but why would they limit the right <emphasis>at all?</"
+"emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"Men nå det mest interessante med dette: Hvorfor ville parlamentet begrense "
"trykkeretten? Sprøsmålet er ikke hvorfor de bestemte seg for denne perioden, "
-"men hvorfor ville de begrense den i det hele tatt?"
+"men hvorfor ville de begrense retten <emphasis>i det hele tatt?</emphasis>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
-"strong claim. Take Romeo and Juliet as an example: That play was written by "
-"Shakespeare. It was his genius that brought it into the world. He didn't "
-"take anybody's property when he created this play (that's a controversial "
-"claim, but never mind), and by his creating this play, he didn't make it any "
-"harder for others to craft a play. So why is it that the law would ever "
-"allow someone else to come along and take Shakespeare's play without his, or "
-"his estate's, permission? What reason is there to allow someone else to "
-"\"steal\" Shakespeare's work?"
+"strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
+"That play was written by Shakespeare. It was his genius that brought it into "
+"the world. He didn't take anybody's property when he created this play "
+"(that's a controversial claim, but never mind), and by his creating this "
+"play, he didn't make it any harder for others to craft a play. So why is it "
+"that the law would ever allow someone else to come along and take "
+"Shakespeare's play without his, or his estate's, permission? What reason is "
+"there to allow someone else to \"steal\" Shakespeare's work?"
msgstr ""
"Bokhandlerne, og forfatterne som de representerte, hadde et veldig sterkt "
-"krav. Ta romeo og Julie som et eksempel: Skuespillet ble skrevet av "
-"Shakespeare. Det var hans kreativitet som brakte det til verden. Han krenket "
-"ikke noens rett da han skrev dette verket (det er en kontroversiell "
-"påstanden, men det er urelevant), og med sin egen rett skapte han verket, "
-"han gjorde det ikke noe vanskeligere for andre til å lage skuespill. Så "
-"hvorfor skulle loven tillate at noen annen kunne komme og ta Shakespeares "
-"verkuten hans, eller hans arvingers, tillatelse? Hvilke grunner finnes for å "
-"tillate at noen \"stjeler\" Shakespeares verk?"
+"krav. Ta <citetitle>romeo og Julie</citetitle> som et eksempel: Skuespillet "
+"ble skrevet av Shakespeare. Det var hans kreativitet som brakte det til "
+"verden. Han krenket ikke noens rett da han skrev dette verket (det er en "
+"kontroversiell påstanden, men det er urelevant), og med sin egen rett skapte "
+"han verket, han gjorde det ikke noe vanskeligere for andre til å lage "
+"skuespill. Så hvorfor skulle loven tillate at noen annen kunne komme og ta "
+"Shakespeares verkuten hans, eller hans arvingers, tillatelse? Hvilke grunner "
+"finnes for å tillate at noen \"stjeler\" Shakespeares verk?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
"the notion of \"copyright\" that existed at the time of the Statute of Anne. "
"Deretter må vi se på noe spesielt med bokhandlerne."
#. PAGE BREAK 99
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
"apply the concept of \"copyright\" ever more broadly. But in 1710, it wasn't "
"as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others from reprinting a "
"book. In 1710, the \"copy-right\" was a right to use a particular machine to "
"replicate a particular work. It did not go beyond that very narrow right. It "
-"did not control any more generally how a work could be used. Today the right "
-"includes a large collection of restrictions on the freedom of others: It "
-"grants the author the exclusive right to copy, the exclusive right to "
-"distribute, the exclusive right to perform, and so on."
+"did not control any more generally how a work could be <emphasis>used</"
+"emphasis>. Today the right includes a large collection of restrictions on "
+"the freedom of others: It grants the author the exclusive right to copy, the "
+"exclusive right to distribute, the exclusive right to perform, and so on."
msgstr ""
"Først om opphavsretten. I de siste tre hundre år har vi kommet til å bruke "
"begrepet \"copyright\" i stadig videre forstand. Men i 1710 var det ikke så "
"svært spesifikt sett med begrensninger: den forbød andre å reprodusere en "
"bok. I 1710 var \"kopi-rett\" en rett til å bruke en bestemt maskin til å "
"replikere en bestemt arbeid. Den gikk ikke utover dette svært smale "
-"formålet. Denkontrollerte ikke mer generelt hvordan et verk kunne brukes. "
-"Idag inkluderer retten en stor samling av restriksjoner på andres frihet: "
-"den gir forfatteren eksklusiv rett til å kopiere, eksklusiv rett til å "
-"distribuere, eksklusiv rett til å fremføre, og så videre."
+"formålet. Den kontrollerte ikke mer generelt hvordan et verk kunne "
+"<emphasis>brukes</emphasis>. Idag inkluderer retten en stor samling av "
+"restriksjoner på andres frihet: den gir forfatteren eksklusiv rett til å "
+"kopiere, eksklusiv rett til å distribuere, eksklusiv rett til å fremføre, og "
+"så videre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
"perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
"lov til å lage filmer. \"Kopi-retten\" var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
"trykke--ikke noe mindre, selvfølgelig, men heller ikke mer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British. They had "
"had a long and ugly experience with \"exclusive rights,\" especially "
"oppfinnelser. Og i 1710 var parlamentet ivrig etter å håndtere det voksende "
"monopolet på publisering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Thus the \"copy-right,\" when viewed as a monopoly right, was naturally "
"viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the claim that "
"skadene særinteresserte kunne skape; de vedtok en lov for å stoppe dem."
#. f4
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Philip Wittenberg, The Protection and Marketing of Literary Property (New "
-"York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
+"Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
+"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
msgstr ""
-"Philip Wittenberg, The Protection and Marketing of Literary Property (New "
-"York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
+"Philip Wittenberg, <citetitle>The Protection and Marketing of Literary "
+"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a monopoly. "
"It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers. Booksellers "
"derfor ikke hadde et ærlig arbeide hvor utdanning er nødvendig."
"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of "
"knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the Enlightenment was "
"kunnskap burde være gratis er et kjennetegn for tiden, og disse kraftige "
"kommersielle interesser forstyrret denne idéen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"To balance this power, Parliament decided to increase competition among "
"booksellers, and the simplest way to do that was to spread the wealth of "
"Begrensninger med dato var en indirekte måte å skape konkurranse mellom "
"utgivere, og slik en skapelse og spredning av kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When 1731 (1710 + 21) came along, however, the booksellers were getting "
"anxious. They saw the consequences of more competition, and like every "
"1737 de prøvde å tvinge Parlamentet til å utvide periodene. Tjueen år var "
"ikke nok, sa de; de trengte mer tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Parliament rejected their requests. As one pamphleteer put it, in words that "
"echo today,"
"idag,"
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
"House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
"Reign of Queen Anne, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by "
"Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such "
"Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (London, 1735), in Brief Amici "
-"Curiae of Tyler T. Ochoa et al., 8, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) "
-"(No. 01-618)."
+"Curiae of Tyler T. Ochoa et al., 8, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01-618)."
msgstr ""
-"A Letter to a Member of Parliament concerning the Bill now depending in the "
-"House of Commons, for making more effectual an Act in the Eighth Year of the "
-"Reign of Queen Anne, entitled, An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by "
-"Vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such "
-"Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (London, 1735), in Brief Amici "
-"Curiae of Tyler T. Ochoa et al., 8, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) "
-"(No. 01-618)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"I see no Reason for granting a further Term now, which will not hold as well "
"for granting it again and again, as often as the Old ones Expire; so that "
"forfatterne, men en stor avgift for folket; og alt dette kun for å øke "
"bokhandlernes personlige rikdom.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
"of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om \"Statute of Anne\" sa at de var "
"falt i det fri. Dette, mente de, var den eneste måten å beskytte forfatterne."
-#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" Vanderbilt "
-"Law Review 40 (1987): 28. For a wonderfully compelling account, see "
-"Vaidhyanathan, 37–48."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
+"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For a "
+"wonderfully compelling account, see Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" Vanderbilt "
-"Law Review 40 (1987): 28. For a wonderfully compelling account, see "
-"Vaidhyanathan, 37–48."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
+"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For en "
+"fantastisk overbevisende fortelling, se Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
"leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. Until "
"Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk ga."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, Authorship and Copyright "
-"(London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
+"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
+"Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
msgstr ""
-"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, Authorship and Copyright "
-"(London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
+"For a compelling account, see David Saunders, <citetitle>Authorship and "
+"Copyright</citetitle> (London: Routledge, 1992), 62–69."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The booksellers' argument was not accepted without a fight. The hero of "
"this fight was a Scottish bookseller named Alexander Donaldson.<placeholder "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f8
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Mark Rose, Authors and Owners (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), "
-"92."
+"Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
+"University Press, 1993), 92."
msgstr ""
-"Mark Rose, Authors and Owners (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), "
-"92."
+"Mark Rose, <citetitle>Authors and Owners</citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard "
+"University Press, 1993), 92."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Ibid., 93."
msgstr "Ibid., 93."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Erskine, Andrew"
msgstr "Erskine, Andrew"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints \"of "
"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective, 167 (quoting "
-"Borwell)."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
+"citetitle>, 167 (quoting Borwell)."
msgstr ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, Copyright in Historical Perspective, 167 (quoting "
-"Borwell)."
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical Perspective</"
+"citetitle>, 167 (quoting Borwell)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
"he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være \"Statute of Anne\", var falt i det "
"fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block \"piracy\" like "
"Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the \"pirates,\" "
-"the most important early victory being Millar v. Taylor."
+"the most important early victory being <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
"Londons bokselgere begynte straks å slå ned mot \"pirater\" som Donaldson. "
"Flere tiltak var vellykkede, den viktigste var den tidlig seieren i kampen "
-"mellom Millar og Taylor."
+"mellom <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> og <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" Wayne Law Review 29 (1983): "
-"1152."
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
msgstr ""
"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" Wayne Law Review 29 (1983): "
-"1152."
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
"Thomson's poem \"The Seasons.\" Millar complied with the requirements of the "
"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva \"Statute of Anne"
"\" sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
"history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
"publiseringsrett til bøker solgt til dem."
#. PAGE BREAK 103
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Considered as a matter of abstract justice—reasoning as if justice "
"were just a matter of logical deduction from first principles—"
"rimelig tid. Storbritannia skulle vokse fra den kontrollerte kulturen under "
"kronen, inn i en fri og åpen kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
"however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
"Kampen for å forsvare \"Statute of Anne\"s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
"ikke der, for nå kommer Donaldson."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Beckett, Thomas"
msgstr "Beckett, Thomas"
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Ibid., 1156."
msgstr "Ibid., 1156."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Millar died soon after his victory, so his case was not appealed. His estate "
"sold Thomson's poems to a syndicate of printers that included Thomas Beckett."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson then released an "
"unauthorized edition of Thomson's works. Beckett, on the strength of the "
-"decision in Millar, got an injunction against Donaldson. Donaldson appealed "
-"the case to the House of Lords, which functioned much like our own Supreme "
-"Court. In February of 1774, that body had the chance to interpret the "
-"meaning of Parliament's limits from sixty years before."
+"decision in <citetitle>Millar</citetitle>, got an injunction against "
+"Donaldson. Donaldson appealed the case to the House of Lords, which "
+"functioned much like our own Supreme Court. In February of 1774, that body "
+"had the chance to interpret the meaning of Parliament's limits from sixty "
+"years before."
msgstr ""
"Millar døde kort tid etter sin seier. Boet hans solgte rettighetene over "
"Thomsons dikt til et syndikat av utgivere, deriblant Thomas Beckett."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Da ga Donaldson ut en uautorisert "
-"utgave av Thomsons verk. Etter avgjørelsen i Millar-saken, gikk Beckett til "
-"sak mot Donaldson. Donaldson tok saken inn for Overhuset, som da fungerte "
-"som en slags høyesterett. I februar 1774 hadde dette organet muligheten til "
-"å tolke Parlamentets mening med utøpsdatoen fra seksti år før."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
-msgid ""
-"As few legal cases ever do, Donaldson v. Beckett drew an enormous amount of "
-"attention throughout Britain. Donaldson's lawyers argued that whatever "
-"rights may have existed under the common law, the Statute of Anne terminated "
-"those rights. After passage of the Statute of Anne, the only legal "
-"protection for an exclusive right to control publication came from that "
-"statute. Thus, they argued, after the term specified in the Statute of Anne "
-"expired, works that had been protected by the statute were no longer "
-"protected."
-msgstr ""
-"Rettssaken Donaldson mot Beckett fikk en enorm oppmerksomhet i hele "
-"Storbritannia. Donaldsons advokater mente at selv om det før fantes en del "
-"rettigheter i sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av \"Statute of Anne\". "
-"Etter at \"Statute of Anne\" var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige "
-"beskyttelse for trykkerett kom derfra. Og derfor, mente de, i tråd med "
-"vilkårene i \"Statute of Anne\", falle i det fri så fort "
-"beskyttelsesperioden var over."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+"utgave av Thomsons verk. Etter avgjørelsen i <citetitle>Millar</citetitle>-"
+"saken, gikk Beckett til sak mot Donaldson. Donaldson tok saken inn for "
+"Overhuset, som da fungerte som en slags høyesterett. I februar 1774 hadde "
+"dette organet muligheten til å tolke Parlamentets mening med utøpsdatoen fra "
+"seksti år før."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"As few legal cases ever do, <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> drew an enormous amount of attention "
+"throughout Britain. Donaldson's lawyers argued that whatever rights may have "
+"existed under the common law, the Statute of Anne terminated those rights. "
+"After passage of the Statute of Anne, the only legal protection for an "
+"exclusive right to control publication came from that statute. Thus, they "
+"argued, after the term specified in the Statute of Anne expired, works that "
+"had been protected by the statute were no longer protected."
+msgstr ""
+"Rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Beckett</"
+"citetitle> fikk en enorm oppmerksomhet i hele Storbritannia. Donaldsons "
+"advokater mente at selv om det før fantes en del rettigheter i "
+"sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av \"Statute of Anne\". Etter at "
+"\"Statute of Anne\" var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige beskyttelse "
+"for trykkerett kom derfra. Og derfor, mente de, i tråd med vilkårene i "
+"\"Statute of Anne\", falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
"the House and voted upon first by the \"law lords,\" members of special "
"Overhuset."
#. PAGE BREAK 104
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The reports about the law lords' votes are mixed. On some counts, it looks "
"as if perpetual copyright prevailed. But there is no ambiguity about how the "
"hadde tolket sedvaneretten, var nå kopiretten begrenset til en periode, og "
"etter denne ville verket falle i det fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bacon, Francis"
msgstr "Bacon, Francis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bunyan, John"
msgstr "Bunyan, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Johnson, Samuel"
msgstr "Johnson, Samuel"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Milton, John"
msgstr "Milton, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Shakespeare, William"
msgstr "Shakespeare, William"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"The public domain.\" Before the case of Donaldson v. Beckett, there was no "
-"clear idea of a public domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong "
-"argument that common law copyrights were perpetual. After 1774, the public "
-"domain was born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the legal "
-"control over creative works expired, and the greatest works in English "
-"history—including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and "
-"Bunyan—were free of legal restraint. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
-msgstr ""
-"\"Å falle i det fri\". Før rettssaken Donaldson mot Beckett var det ingen "
-"klar oppfatning om hva å falle i det fri innebar. Før 1774 var det jo en "
-"allmenn oppfatning om at kopiretten var evigvarende. Men etter 1774 ble "
-"Public Domain født.For første gang i angloamerikansk historie var den "
-"lovlige beskyttelsen av et verk utgått, og de største verk i engelsk "
-"historie - inkludert Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson og Bunyan - var "
-"frie. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"The public domain.\" Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
+"v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of a public "
+"domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong argument that common law "
+"copyrights were perpetual. After 1774, the public domain was born. For the "
+"first time in Anglo-American history, the legal control over creative works "
+"expired, and the greatest works in English history—including those of "
+"Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and Bunyan—were free of legal "
+"restraint. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"4\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+"\"Å falle i det fri\". Før rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot "
+"<citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> var det ingen klar oppfatning om hva å falle "
+"i det fri innebar. Før 1774 var det jo en allmenn oppfatning om at "
+"kopiretten var evigvarende. Men etter 1774 ble Public Domain født.For første "
+"gang i angloamerikansk historie var den lovlige beskyttelsen av et verk "
+"utgått, og de største verk i engelsk historie - inkludert Shakespeare, "
+"Bacon, Milton, Johnson og Bunyan - var frie. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid "Rose, 97."
msgstr "Rose, 97."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
"an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
"of the \"pirate publishers\" did their work, people celebrated the decision "
-"in the streets. As the Edinburgh Advertiser reported, \"No private cause has "
-"so much engrossed the attention of the public, and none has been tried "
-"before the House of Lords in the decision of which so many individuals were "
-"interested.\" \"Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon victory over literary "
-"property: bonfires and illuminations.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"in the streets. As the <citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> reported, "
+"\"No private cause has so much engrossed the attention of the public, and "
+"none has been tried before the House of Lords in the decision of which so "
+"many individuals were interested.\" \"Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon "
+"victory over literary property: bonfires and illuminations.\"<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan knapt forestille oss det, men denne avgjørelsen fra Overhuset fyrte "
"opp under en svært populær og politisk reaksjon. I Skottland, hvor de fleste "
"piratugiverne hadde holdt til, ble avgjørelsen feiret i gatene. Som "
-"Edinburgh Advertiser skrev \"Ingen privatsak har noen gang fått slik "
-"oppmerksomhet fra folket, og ingen sak som har blitt prøvet i Overhuset har "
-"interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.\" \"Stor glede i Edinburgh etter "
-"seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> skrev \"Ingen privatsak har noen "
+"gang fått slik oppmerksomhet fra folket, og ingen sak som har blitt prøvet i "
+"Overhuset har interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.\" \"Stor glede i "
+"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In London, however, at least among publishers, the reaction was equally "
-"strong in the opposite direction. The Morning Chronicle reported:"
+"strong in the opposite direction. The <citetitle>Morning Chronicle</"
+"citetitle> reported:"
msgstr ""
"I London, ihvertfall blant utgiverne, var reaksjonen like sterk, men i "
-"motsatt retning. Morning Chronicle skrev:"
+"motsatt retning. <citetitle>Morning Chronicle</citetitle> skrev:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"By the above decision . . . near 200,000 pounds worth of what was honestly "
"purchased at public sale, and which was yesterday thought property is now "
"id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 105
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"Ruined\" is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an exaggeration to say "
"that the change was profound. The decision of the House of Lords meant that "
"the booksellers could no longer control how culture in England would grow "
-"and develop. Culture in England was thereafter free. Not in the sense that "
-"copyrights would not be respected, for of course, for a limited time after a "
-"work was published, the bookseller had an exclusive right to control the "
-"publication of that book. And not in the sense that books could be stolen, "
-"for even after a copyright expired, you still had to buy the book from "
-"someone. But free in the sense that the culture and its growth would no "
-"longer be controlled by a small group of publishers. As every free market "
-"does, this free market of free culture would grow as the consumers and "
-"producers chose. English culture would develop as the many English readers "
-"chose to let it develop— chose in the books they bought and wrote; "
-"chose in the memes they repeated and endorsed. Chose in a competitive "
-"context, not a context in which the choices about what culture is available "
-"to people and how they get access to it are made by the few despite the "
-"wishes of the many."
+"and develop. Culture in England was thereafter <emphasis>free</emphasis>. "
+"Not in the sense that copyrights would not be respected, for of course, for "
+"a limited time after a work was published, the bookseller had an exclusive "
+"right to control the publication of that book. And not in the sense that "
+"books could be stolen, for even after a copyright expired, you still had to "
+"buy the book from someone. But <emphasis>free</emphasis> in the sense that "
+"the culture and its growth would no longer be controlled by a small group of "
+"publishers. As every free market does, this free market of free culture "
+"would grow as the consumers and producers chose. English culture would "
+"develop as the many English readers chose to let it develop— chose in "
+"the books they bought and wrote; chose in the memes they repeated and "
+"endorsed. Chose in a <emphasis>competitive context</emphasis>, not a context "
+"in which the choices about what culture is available to people and how they "
+"get access to it are made by the few despite the wishes of the many."
msgstr ""
"Ruinert er en overdrivelse. Men det er ingen overdrivelse å si at endringen "
"var stor. Vedtaket fra Overhuset betydde at bokhandlerne ikke lenger kunnen "
"kontrollere hvordan kulturen i England ville vokse og utvikle seg. Kulturen "
-"i England var etter dette fri. Ikke i den betydning at kopiretten ble "
-"ignorert, for utgiverne hadde i en begrenset periode rett over trykkingen. "
-"Og heller ikke i den betydningen at bøker kunne stjeles, for selv etter at "
-"boken var falt i det fri, så måtte den kjøpes. Men i den betydningen at "
-"kulturen og dens vekst ikke lenger var kontrollert av en liten gruppe "
-"utgivere. Som alle frie markeder, ville dette markedet vokse og utvikle seg "
-"etter tilbud og etterspørsel. Den engelske kulturen ble nå formet slik "
-"flertallet Englands lesere ville at det skulle formes - gjennom valget av "
-"hva de kjøpte og skrev, gjennom valget av *memes* de gjentok og beundret. "
-"Valg i en konkurrerende sammenheng, ikke der hvor valgene var om hvilken "
-"kultur som skulle være tilgjengelig for folket og hvor deres tilgang til den "
-"ble styrt av noen få, på tros av flertallets ønsker."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+"i England var etter dette <emphasis>fri</emphasis>. Ikke i den betydning at "
+"kopiretten ble ignorert, for utgiverne hadde i en begrenset periode rett "
+"over trykkingen. Og heller ikke i den betydningen at bøker kunne stjeles, "
+"for selv etter at boken var falt i det fri, så måtte den kjøpes. Men "
+"<emphasis>fri</emphasis> i betydningen at kulturen og dens vekst ikke lenger "
+"var kontrollert av en liten gruppe utgivere. Som alle frie markeder, ville "
+"dette markedet vokse og utvikle seg etter tilbud og etterspørsel. Den "
+"engelske kulturen ble nå formet slik flertallet Englands lesere ville at det "
+"skulle formes - gjennom valget av hva de kjøpte og skrev, gjennom valget av "
+"*memes* de gjentok og beundret. Valg i en <emphasis>konkurrerende "
+"sammenheng</emphasis>, ikke der hvor valgene var om hvilken kultur som "
+"skulle være tilgjengelig for folket og hvor deres tilgang til den ble styrt "
+"av noen få, på tros av flertallets ønsker."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"At least, this was the rule in a world where the Parliament is antimonopoly, "
"resistant to the protectionist pleas of publishers. In a world where the "
"Parliament is more pliant, free culture would be less protected."
msgstr ""
-"Til sist, dette var en verden hvor Parlamentet var anitmonopolistisk, og "
-"holdt stand mot utgivernes krav. I en verden hvor Parlamentet er mer "
-"medgjørlig, vil den frie kultur være mindre beskyttet."
+"Til sist, dette var en verden hvor Parlamentet var antimonopolistisk, og "
+"holdt stand mot utgivernes krav. I en verden hvor parlamentet er lett å "
+"påvirke, vil den frie kultur være mindre beskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER SEVEN: Recorders"
msgstr "Kapittel sju: Innspillerne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jon Else is a filmmaker. He is best known for his documentaries and has been "
"ham. (jeg møtte, ved et uhell, to av hans studenter ved et middagsselskap. "
"Han var deres Gud)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else worked on a documentary that I was involved in. At a break, he told me "
"Ellers arbeidet på en dokumentar som jeg var involvert i. på en pause, han "
"fortalte meg en historie om frihet å opprette med film i Amerika i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "San Francisco Opera"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1990, Else was working on a documentary about Wagner's Ring Cycle. The "
"scenen."
#. PAGE BREAK 107
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"During one of the performances, Else was shooting some stagehands playing "
"checkers. In one corner of the room was a television set. Playing on the "
"television set, while the stagehands played checkers and the opera company "
-"played Wagner, was The Simpsons. As Else judged it, this touch of cartoon "
-"helped capture the flavor of what was special about the scene."
+"played Wagner, was <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. As Else judged it, "
+"this touch of cartoon helped capture the flavor of what was special about "
+"the scene."
msgstr ""
"under en av forestillinger, var ellers skyting noen stagehands spille "
"brikker. i et hjørne av rommet var en TV-apparatet. spille på TV-apparatet, "
"simpsons. som andre dømt det denne touch tegneserie hjalp fangst smaken av "
"det som var spesielt med scenen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
-"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of The Simpsons. For of "
-"course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and of course, to use copyrighted "
-"material you need the permission of the copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" "
-"or some other privilege applies."
+"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
+"Simpsons</citetitle>. For of course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and "
+"of course, to use copyrighted material you need the permission of the "
+"copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" or some other privilege applies."
msgstr ""
"år senere, når han til slutt fikk finansiering for å fullføre filmen, ellers "
"forsøkte å tømme rettighetene for de noen sekunder av simpsons. for "
"eieren av opphavsretten, med mindre \"fair use\" eller noen andre "
"privilegium gjelder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gracie Films"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Else called Simpsons creator Matt Groening's office to get permission. "
-"Groening approved the shot. The shot was a four-and-a-halfsecond image on a "
-"tiny television set in the corner of the room. How could it hurt? Groening "
-"was happy to have it in the film, but he told Else to contact Gracie Films, "
-"the company that produces the program. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"Else called <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> creator Matt Groening's office "
+"to get permission. Groening approved the shot. The shot was a four-and-a-"
+"halfsecond image on a tiny television set in the corner of the room. How "
+"could it hurt? Groening was happy to have it in the film, but he told Else "
+"to contact Gracie Films, the company that produces the program. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"annet kalt simpsons skaperen matt groening's kontor for å få tillatelse. "
"Groening godkjent skutt. skjøt var en fire og en halfsecond-bilde på en "
"for å ha det i filmen, men han fortalt annet for å kontakte gracie films, "
"firmaet som lager programmet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted to be "
"filmen. Matt groening hadde allerede gitt tillatelse, andre sier. Han var "
"bare bekrefte tillatelsen med fox."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered . . . that "
"Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least that someone "
"[at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, Fox "
"\"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to use this four-"
-"point-five seconds of . . . entirely unsolicited Simpsons which was in the "
-"corner of the shot.\""
+"point-five seconds of . . . entirely unsolicited <citetitle>Simpsons</"
+"citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.\""
msgstr ""
"deretter, som ellers fortalte meg, \"to ting har skjedd. første vi "
"oppdaget... at matt groening ikke eier sin egen etablering— eller i "
"bruke denne fire-punkt-fem sekunder... helt uønsket simpsons som var i "
"hjørnet av skutt.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
"kalles på nytt for å bekrefte hva han hadde blitt fortalt."
#. PAGE BREAK 108
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
"have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the clip "
-"of The Simpsons in the corner of a shot in a documentary film about Wagner's "
-"Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, Herrera told Else, \"And if you quote "
-"me, I'll turn you over to our attorneys.\" As an assistant to Herrera told "
-"Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They just want the money.\""
+"of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle> in the corner of a shot in a "
+"documentary film about Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, Herrera "
+"told Else, \"And if you quote me, I'll turn you over to our attorneys.\" As "
+"an assistant to Herrera told Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They "
+"just want the money.\""
msgstr ""
"\"jeg ønsket å sikre at jeg hadde min fakta rett,\" sa han til meg. \"Ja, du "
"har din fakta rett,\" sa hun. det ville koste $ 10 000 for å bruke klippet "
"siterer meg, vil jeg slå deg til våre advokater.\" som assistent for herrera "
"fortalte andre senere, \"de ikke gir faen. de vil bare penger.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Else didn't have the money to buy the right to replay what was playing on "
"the television backstage at the San Francisco Opera. To reproduce this "
"reality was beyond the documentary filmmaker's budget. At the very last "
"minute before the film was to be released, Else digitally replaced the shot "
-"with a clip from another film that he had worked on, The Day After Trinity, "
-"from ten years before. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"with a clip from another film that he had worked on, <citetitle>The Day "
+"After Trinity</citetitle>, from ten years before. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"ellers har ikke penger til å kjøpe retten til å spille hva spilte på TV "
"backstage ved san francisco opera. Hvis du vil gjenskape denne virkeligheten "
"filmen var å bli befridd, erstattet ellers digitalt skutt med et utklipp fra "
"en annen film som han hadde jobbet på, dagen etter trinity, fra ti år før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's no doubt that someone, whether Matt Groening or Fox, owns the "
-"copyright to The Simpsons. That copyright is their property. To use that "
-"copyrighted material thus sometimes requires the permission of the copyright "
-"owner. If the use that Else wanted to make of the Simpsons copyright were "
-"one of the uses restricted by the law, then he would need to get the "
-"permission of the copyright owner before he could use the work in that way. "
-"And in a free market, it is the owner of the copyright who gets to set the "
-"price for any use that the law says the owner gets to control."
+"copyright to <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>. That copyright is their "
+"property. To use that copyrighted material thus sometimes requires the "
+"permission of the copyright owner. If the use that Else wanted to make of "
+"the <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> copyright were one of the uses "
+"restricted by the law, then he would need to get the permission of the "
+"copyright owner before he could use the work in that way. And in a free "
+"market, it is the owner of the copyright who gets to set the price for any "
+"use that the law says the owner gets to control."
msgstr ""
"Det er ingen tvil om at noen om matt groening eller fox, eier opphavsretten "
"til simpsons. at opphavsretten er deres eiendom. for å bruke at "
"måten. og i et fritt marked, det er eieren av opphavsretten hvem som kan "
"angi pris for bruk som loven sier eieren får kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of The Simpsons that the "
-"copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection of favorite "
-"episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets to come see \"My "
-"Favorite Simpsons,\" then you need to get permission from the copyright "
-"owner. And the copyright owner (rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she "
-"wants—$10 or $1,000,000. That's her right, as set by the law."
+"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
+"citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection "
+"of favorite episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets to come "
+"see \"My Favorite <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>,\" then you need to get "
+"permission from the copyright owner. And the copyright owner (rightly, in my "
+"view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. That's her "
+"right, as set by the law."
msgstr ""
"\"offentlig fremføring\" er for eksempel en bruk av simpsons blir eieren av "
"opphavsretten til kontrollen. Hvis du tar et utvalg av favoritt episoder, "
"loven."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
"don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner with "
-"William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of Eldred "
-"\" (draft on file with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August "
-"2003."
+"William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of "
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle>\" (draft on file with author), University of "
+"Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
msgstr ""
"Hvis et utmerket argument at slik bruk er \"rettferdig bruk\", men at "
"jurister ikke tillater anerkjennelse som det er \"rettferdig bruk,\" se "
"reform i kjølvannet av eldred\" (utkast på filen med forfatteren), "
"university of chicago law school, 5 august 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
"is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's use of just "
-"4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a Simpsons episode is clearly a fair use "
-"of The Simpsons—and fair use does not require the permission of anyone."
+"4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> episode "
+"is clearly a fair use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>—and fair "
+"use does not require the permission of anyone."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 109
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his reply:"
"så jeg spurte er hvorfor han ikke bare stole på \"rettferdig bruk.\" her "
"annet hans svar:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The Simpsons fiasco was for me a great lesson in the gulf between what "
-"lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what is crushingly "
-"relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make and broadcast "
-"documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was \"clearly fair use\" in an "
-"absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in any concrete "
-"way. Here's why:"
+"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
+"gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
+"is crushingly relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make "
+"and broadcast documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was \"clearly "
+"fair use\" in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in "
+"any concrete way. Here's why:"
msgstr ""
"simpsons fiasco var for meg en fin leksjon i avgrunnen mellom hvilket "
"advokater finne irrelevant i noen abstrakt forstand, og hva er crushingly "
"noen konkret måte. Her er hvorfor:"
#. 1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
"dim visning av \"fair use\", og et krav om \"fair use\" kan slipe "
"søknadsprosessen til å stoppe."
-#. 2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Lucas, George"
+msgstr "Lucas, George"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I probably never should have asked Matt Groening in the first place. But I "
"knew (at least from folklore) that Fox had a history of tracking down and "
-"stopping unlicensed Simpsons usage, just as George Lucas had a very high "
-"profile litigating Star Wars usage. So I decided to play by the book, "
-"thinking that we would be granted free or cheap license to four seconds of "
-"Simpsons. As a documentary producer working to exhaustion on a shoestring, "
-"the last thing I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even nuisance legal "
-"trouble, and even to defend a principle."
+"stopping unlicensed <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> usage, just as George "
+"Lucas had a very high profile litigating <citetitle>Star Wars</citetitle> "
+"usage. So I decided to play by the book, thinking that we would be granted "
+"free or cheap license to four seconds of <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>. As "
+"a documentary producer working to exhaustion on a shoestring, the last thing "
+"I wanted was to risk legal trouble, even nuisance legal trouble, and even to "
+"defend a principle. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg skulle trolig aldri ha spurt matt groening i utgangspunktet. men jeg "
"visste (minst fra folklore) at fox hadde en historie for å spore ned og "
#. 3.
#. PAGE BREAK 110
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law "
"dem."
#. 4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
"spørsmålet om rettferdig bruk kommer vanligvis på slutten av prosjektet, når "
"vi er opp mot en release frist og tom for penger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In theory, fair use means you need no permission. The theory therefore "
"rettferdig bruk for mange typer skaperne er liten. loven har høyre mål; "
"praksis har beseiret målet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This practice shows just how far the law has come from its eighteenth-"
"urettferdig konkurranse av en pirat. Det har modnet til et sverd som "
"forstyrrer bruke transformative eller ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER EIGHT: Transformers"
-msgstr "Kapittel åtte: transformatorer"
+msgstr "Kapittel åtte: Omformere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Allen, Paul"
msgstr "Allen, Paul"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Alben, Alex"
msgstr "Alben, Alex"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1993, Alex Alben was a lawyer working at Starwave, Inc. Starwave was an "
"investere i ny teknologi for å levere underholdning i påvente av the power "
"of networks."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben had a special interest in new technology. He was intrigued by the "
"eastwood. idéen var å presentere alt arbeidet av eastwood, med klipp fra "
"hans filmer og intervjuer med tallene viktig til sin karriere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At that time, Eastwood had made more than fifty films, as an actor and as a "
"inkludere dem på CD-ROMen."
#. PAGE BREAK 112
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That alone would not have made a very interesting product, so Starwave "
"sin karriere ble brukt på warner brothers, og så var det relativt lett å få "
"tillatelse for innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. \"Our goal was "
"gjøre dette i sammenheng med en kunstnerisk titt på en skuespiller-karriere."
"\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave. Slade asked, "
"Alben brakt idéen til michael slade, ceo i starwave. Slade som ble spurt, "
"\"Vel, hva vil det ta?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "artists"
msgstr "artister"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><secondary>
msgid "publicity rights on images of"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
"mikse, brenne\" kreativitet, som evinces i dette kapitlet. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Alben replied, \"Well, we're going to have to clear rights from everyone who "
"appears in these films, and the music and everything else that we want to "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The problem was that neither Alben nor Slade had any idea what clearing "
"skuespillerne, så det var ingen klar måte å vite akkurat hva starwave var å "
"gjøre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I asked Alben how he dealt with the problem. With an obvious pride in his "
"hans resourcefulness som skjult åpenbare bizarreness av hans tale, recounted "
"alben bare hva de gjorde:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips. We made some "
"artistic decisions about what film clips to include—of course we were "
-"going to use the \"Make my day\" clip from Dirty Harry. But you then need to "
-"get the guy on the ground who's wiggling under the gun and you need to get "
-"his permission. And then you have to decide what you are going to pay him."
+"going to use the \"Make my day\" clip from <citetitle>Dirty Harry</"
+"citetitle>. But you then need to get the guy on the ground who's wiggling "
+"under the gun and you need to get his permission. And then you have to "
+"decide what you are going to pay him."
msgstr ""
"så vi gikk veldig mekanisk about looking up film klipp. Vi har gjort noen "
"kunstneriske beslutninger om hva film klipp for å inkludere—"
"sin tillatelse. og deretter må du bestemme hva du skal betale ham."
#. PAGE BREAK 113
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We decided that it would be fair if we offered them the dayplayer rate for "
"stuntman? og så begynte vi bare, vi satt sammen et team, min assistent og "
"noen andre, og vi bare ringe personer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some actors were glad to help—Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
"hans hadde klarert rettighetene til denne retrospektiv CD-ROMen på clint "
"eastwood karriere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"It was one year later—\"and even then we weren't sure whether we were "
-"totally in the clear.\""
+"It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later—\"and even then we weren't "
+"sure whether we were totally in the clear.\""
msgstr ""
"Det var ett år senere, \"og selv da vi var ikke sikker på om vi var helt i "
"klartekst.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben is proud of his work. The project was the first of its kind and the "
"eneste gangen han visste av som et lag hadde påtatt seg et kjempestort "
"prosjekt for å slippe en retrospektiv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
"vi bare gikk på den svært systematisk og fjernet rettighetene."
#. PAGE BREAK 114
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And no doubt, the product itself was exceptionally good. Eastwood loved it, "
"og ingen tvil, selve produktet var usedvanlig god. Eastwood elsket det, og "
"det selges godt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Drucker, Peter"
msgstr "Drucker, Peter"
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, Seven Steps to "
-"Performance-Based Services Acquisition, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #22</ulink>."
+"U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Acquisition Management, "
+"<citetitle>Seven Steps to Performance-Based Services Acquisition</"
+"citetitle>, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#22</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
"year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
"Alben, that this is the way a new work has to be made?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few . . . have the time and resources, and "
"var noensinne å gi rettigheter for opprinnelig, som du må gå klart "
"rettigheter for disse typer utklipp?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't think so. When an actor renders a performance in a movie, he or she "
"prestasjonen brukes i et nytt produkt som er en retrospektiv av en persons "
"karriere, jeg tror ikke at vedkommende... skal kompenseres for som."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Or at least, is this how the artist should be compensated? Would it make "
-"sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of statutory license that someone "
-"could pay and be free to make derivative use of clips like this? Did it "
-"really make sense that a follow-on creator would have to track down every "
-"artist, actor, director, musician, and get explicit permission from each? "
-"Wouldn't a lot more be created if the legal part of the creative process "
-"could be made to be more clean?"
+"Or at least, is this <emphasis>how</emphasis> the artist should be "
+"compensated? Would it make sense, I asked, for there to be some kind of "
+"statutory license that someone could pay and be free to make derivative use "
+"of clips like this? Did it really make sense that a follow-on creator would "
+"have to track down every artist, actor, director, musician, and get explicit "
+"permission from each? Wouldn't a lot more be created if the legal part of "
+"the creative process could be made to be more clean?"
msgstr ""
"eller minst, er dette hvordan kunstneren skal kompenseres? vil det være "
"fornuftig, jeg spurte, for det for å være en slags lovbestemte lisens som "
"prosessen kan gjøres for å være mer ren?"
#. PAGE BREAK 115
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Absolutely. I think that if there were some fair-licensing mechanism—"
"visst antall mennesker kommer til å holde meg opp for penger\", og det blir "
"vanskeligere å sette en av disse tingene sammen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben worked for a big company. His company was backed by some of the "
"bør se på rettighetene og spør, \"betyr dette fortsatt fornuftig?\""
#. PAGE BREAK 116
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I've seen the flash of recognition when people get this point, but only a "
"firmaet, introdusert i panelet med en video som han og en venn, robert "
"fairbank, hadde produsert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The video was a brilliant collage of film from every period in the twentieth "
-"century, all framed around the idea of a 60 Minutes episode. The execution "
-"was perfect, down to the sixty-minute stopwatch. The judges loved every "
-"minute of it."
+"century, all framed around the idea of a <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> "
+"episode. The execution was perfect, down to the sixty-minute stopwatch. The "
+"judges loved every minute of it."
msgstr ""
"Videoen var en glimrende sammenstilling av filmer fra hver periode i det "
-"tjuende århundret, rammet inn rundt idéen om en episode i TV-serien 60 "
-"Minutes. Utførelsen var perfekt, ned til seksti minutter stoppeklokken. "
-"Dommerne elsket enhver minutt av den."
+"tjuende århundret, rammet inn rundt idéen om en episode i TV-serien "
+"<citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle>. Utførelsen var perfekt, ned til seksti "
+"minutter stoppeklokken. Dommerne elsket enhver minutt av den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Nimmer, David"
msgstr "Nimmer, David"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
"perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
"tale med et spørsmål: \"Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
"i dette rommet?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Boies, David"
msgstr "Boies, David"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For of course, the two brilliantly talented creators who made this film "
"teknologien. teknologi betyr at du kan nå gjøre fantastiske ting enkelt; men "
"du ikke kunne enkelt gjøre dem lovlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We live in a \"cut and paste\" culture enabled by technology. Anyone "
"omtrent alle bildet du ønsker; i en annen andre, kan du ha det plantet i "
"presentasjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Camp Chaos"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But presentations are just a tiny beginning. Using the Internet and its "
"kritikken av rullebladet industri som det er gjennom blanding av flash! og "
"musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
"aktuelle delen er gjort, hvis det ikke følger reglene for klaring, det ikke "
"komme ut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
"ville ikke ha nytte av en full immaterielle rettigheter (som betyr retten "
"til å gi navn til sin egen pris) med mindre han registrerer arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Who could possibly object to this? And what reason would there be for "
"ville alle ha til å motsette seg det?"
#. PAGE BREAK 118
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In February 2003, DreamWorks studios announced an agreement with Mike Myers, "
-"the comic genius of Saturday Night Live and Austin Powers. According to the "
-"announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work together to form a \"unique "
-"filmmaking pact.\" Under the agreement, DreamWorks \"will acquire the rights "
-"to existing motion picture hits and classics, write new storylines and—"
-"with the use of stateof-the-art digital technology—insert Myers and "
-"other actors into the film, thereby creating an entirely new piece of "
-"entertainment.\""
+"the comic genius of <citetitle>Saturday Night Live</citetitle> and Austin "
+"Powers. According to the announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work "
+"together to form a \"unique filmmaking pact.\" Under the agreement, "
+"DreamWorks \"will acquire the rights to existing motion picture hits and "
+"classics, write new storylines and—with the use of stateof-the-art "
+"digital technology—insert Myers and other actors into the film, "
+"thereby creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.\""
msgstr ""
"i februar 2003 annonsert dreamworks studios en avtale med mike myers, comic "
"geni av lørdag natt live og austin powers. Ifølge utlysningen, myers og drøm-"
"og—med bruk av stateof-the-art digital teknologi—sett myers og "
"andre aktører i filmen, og dermed skape et helt nytt stykke underholdning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The announcement called this \"film sampling.\" As Myers explained, \"Film "
"sier,\"Hvis noen kan opprette en måte å bringe gamle filmer til nye "
"målgrupper, det er mike\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Spielberg is right. Film sampling by Myers will be brilliant. But if you "
"sammenhenger antatt for oss alle, er nå et privilegium reservert for morsomt "
"og berømte— og antagelig rik."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
"prosessen er en prosess med å betale advokater—igjen en rettighet, "
"eller kanskje en forbannelse, forbeholdt få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER NINE: Collectors"
msgstr "Kapittel ni: Samlere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In April 1996, millions of \"bots\"—computer codes designed to "
"igjen. igjen og igjen, en gang enhver to måneder, disse biter av koden tok "
"kopier av Internett og lagret dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
"kalles \"vei tilbake maskinen\", kan du angi en web-side, og se alle dens "
"Kopier gå tilbake til 1996, og når disse sidene endres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the thing about the Internet that Orwell would have appreciated. In "
-"the dystopia described in 1984, old newspapers were constantly updated to "
-"assure that the current view of the world, approved of by the government, "
-"was not contradicted by previous news reports."
+"the dystopia described in <citetitle>1984</citetitle>, old newspapers were "
+"constantly updated to assure that the current view of the world, approved of "
+"by the government, was not contradicted by previous news reports."
msgstr ""
"Dette er ting om Internett som orwell ville ha verdsatt. i dystopia "
"beskrevet i 1984, ble gamle aviser stadig oppdatert for å sikre som "
"forrige nyhetsrapporter."
#. PAGE BREAK 120
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thousands of workers constantly reedited the past, meaning there was no way "
"ingen måte noen gang å vite om historien du lese i dag var historie som ble "
"skrevet ut på dato publisert på papiret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It's the same with the Internet. If you go to a Web page today, there's no "
"pålitelig minne."
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the White House "
"endret, uten varsel, \"store stridende operasjoner i Irak er avsluttet.\" e-"
"post fra brewster kahle, 1 desember 2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Until the Way Back Machine, at least. With the Way Back Machine, and the "
"Internet Archive underlying it, you can see what the Internet was. You have "
"forget.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We take it for granted that we can go back to see what we remember reading. "
"huske—ikke bare hva det er praktisk å huske, men husker noe nær "
"sannheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is said that those who fail to remember history are doomed to repeat it. "
-"That's not quite correct. We all forget history. The key is whether we have "
-"a way to go back to rediscover what we forget. More directly, the key is "
-"whether an objective past can keep us honest. Libraries help do that, by "
-"collecting content and keeping it, for schoolchildren, for researchers, for "
-"grandma. A free society presumes this knowedge."
+"That's not quite correct. We <emphasis>all</emphasis> forget history. The "
+"key is whether we have a way to go back to rediscover what we forget. More "
+"directly, the key is whether an objective past can keep us honest. Libraries "
+"help do that, by collecting content and keeping it, for schoolchildren, for "
+"researchers, for grandma. A free society presumes this knowedge."
msgstr ""
"Det sies at de som ikke klarer å huske historie er dømt til å gjenta den. "
"Det er ikke helt riktig. vi alle glemme historie. nøkkelen er om vi har en "
"fritt samfunn forutsetter dette knowedge."
#. PAGE BREAK 121
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Internet was an exception to this presumption. Until the Internet "
"vi har scads av arkiver av aviser fra bittesmå byer rundt om i verden, men "
"det er én kopi av Internett—det ettall holdt av internet archive."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Brewster Kahle is the founder of the Internet Archive. He was a very "
"2002, arkivet hadde over 10 milliarder sider, og det ble vokser om en "
"milliard sider per måned."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
"[arkivene], men hvis du er bare en utdannet student?\" som kahle sa,"
#. PAGE BREAK 122
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Do you remember when Dan Quayle was interacting with Murphy Brown? Remember "
"that back and forth surreal experience of a politician interacting with a "
"fictional television character? If you were a graduate student wanting to "
"study that, and you wanted to get those original back and forth exchanges "
-"between the two, the 60 Minutes episode that came out after it . . . it "
-"would be almost impossible. . . . Those materials are almost "
-"unfindable. . . ."
+"between the two, the <citetitle>60 Minutes</citetitle> episode that came out "
+"after it . . . it would be almost impossible. . . . Those materials are "
+"almost unfindable. . . ."
msgstr ""
"husker du når dan quayle samhandlet med murphy brown? Husk at frem og "
"tilbake surrealistisk opplevelse av en politiker samarbeidsstil et fiktive "
"episoden som kom ut etter det... det ville være nesten umulig.... disse "
"materialene er nesten unfindable...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why is that? Why is it that the part of our culture that is recorded in "
"enklere tid enn forskere prøver å forstå virkningen av media på 1900-tallet "
"Amerika?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In part, this is because of the law. Early in American copyright law, "
"at andre kan få tilgang til og kopiere arbeidet."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Doug Herrick, \"Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at the "
-"Library of Congress,\" Film Library Quarterly 13 nos. 2–3 (1980): 5; "
-"Anthony Slide, Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the "
-"United States ( Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1992), 36."
+"Library of Congress,\" <citetitle>Film Library Quarterly</citetitle> 13 nos. "
+"2–3 (1980): 5; Anthony Slide, <citetitle>Nitrate Won't Wait: A History "
+"of Film Preservation in the United States</citetitle> ( Jefferson, N.C.: "
+"McFarland & Co., 1992), 36."
msgstr ""
"Doug herrick, \"mot en nasjonal Filmsamling: filmindustrien på library of "
"congress,\" film biblioteket kvartalsvise 13 nr 23 (1980): 5; Anthony "
"lysbildet, nitrat vil ikke vente: en historie om filmen bevaring i USA "
"(jefferson, NC: mcfarland & Co, 1992), 36."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These rules applied to film as well. But in 1915, the Library of Congress "
"made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
"company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
"kulturen er praktisk talt usynlige for alle som ville se."
#. PAGE BREAK 123
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle was eager to correct this. Before September 11, 2001, he and his "
"on-line. alle kunne se hvordan nyhetsrapporter fra rundt om i verden dekkes "
"hendelsene den dagen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Movie Archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
"important part of our culture. Want to see a copy of the \"Duck and Cover\" "
"film that instructed children how to save themselves in the middle of "
"nuclear attack? Go to archive.org, and you can download the film in a few "
-"minutes—for free."
+"minutes—for free. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Kahle hatt samme idé med film. arbeide med rick prelinger, som har arkiv av "
"filmen inkluderer nær 45.000 \"flyktige filmer\" (det vil si filmer enn "
"angrep? gå til archive.org, og du kan laste ned filmen i noen minutter—"
"gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here again, Kahle is providing access to a part of our culture that we "
"ikke disse kopiene skal holdes av alle, eller for å bli satt i et arkiv av "
"alle. derfor finnes det ingen enkel måte å finne dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The key here is access, not price. Kahle wants to enable free access to this "
"kommersiell liv."
#. PAGE BREAK 124
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
"levetid ekstremt viktig. uten denne reklamen marked, ville det være, mange "
"hevder, mye mindre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After the commercial life of creative property has ended, our tradition has "
"informere selv om denne informasjonen ikke lenger er solgt."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Dave Barns, \"Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar "
-"Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,\" Chicago Tribune, 5 "
-"September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published between 1927 and 1946, "
-"only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony Reese, \"The First Sale "
-"Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,\" Boston College Law Review 44 "
-"(2003): 593 n. 51."
+"Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,\" <citetitle>Chicago "
+"Tribune</citetitle>, 5 September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published "
+"between 1927 and 1946, only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony "
+"Reese, \"The First Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,\" "
+"<citetitle>Boston College Law Review</citetitle> 44 (2003): 593 n. 51."
msgstr ""
"Dave barns, \"fledgling karriere i antikke bøker: woodstock utleier, bar "
"eier starter et nytt kapittel ved å innta virksomhet,\" chicago tribune, 5 "
"i tid med digitale nettverk,\" boston college lov gå gjennom 44 (2003): 593 "
"n. 51."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The same has always been true about books. A book goes out of print very "
"quickly (the average today is after about a year<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"the spread and stability of culture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet increasingly, any assumption about a stable second life for creative "
"annet enn hva en viss begrenset marked krav. utover det forsvinner kultur."
#. PAGE BREAK 125
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For most of the twentieth century, it was economics that made this so. It "
"impossibly vanskelig å gjøre noe med denne flyktige kultur; loven hadde lite "
"praktiske effekten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Perhaps the single most important feature of the digital revolution is that "
"bøker som er utgitt og stadig mer gjør det mulig å forestille seg et arkiv "
"over alle bevegelige bilder og lyd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The scale of this potential archive is something we've never imagined "
"brewster kahles i vår historie har drømt om det; men vi er for første gang "
"ved et punkt der det er mulig at drømmen. som kahle beskriver,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It looks like there's about two to three million recordings of music. Ever. "
"alexandria."
#. PAGE BREAK 126
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle is not the only librarian. The Internet Archive is not the only "
"archive. But Kahle and the Internet Archive suggest what the future of "
-"libraries or archives could be. When the commercial life of creative "
-"property ends, I don't know. But it does. And whenever it does, Kahle and "
-"his archive hint at a world where this knowledge, and culture, remains "
-"perpetually available. Some will draw upon it to understand it; some to "
-"criticize it. Some will use it, as Walt Disney did, to re-create the past "
-"for the future. These technologies promise something that had become "
-"unimaginable for much of our past—a future for our past. The "
-"technology of digital arts could make the dream of the Library of Alexandria "
-"real again."
+"libraries or archives could be. <emphasis>When</emphasis> the commercial "
+"life of creative property ends, I don't know. But it does. And whenever it "
+"does, Kahle and his archive hint at a world where this knowledge, and "
+"culture, remains perpetually available. Some will draw upon it to understand "
+"it; some to criticize it. Some will use it, as Walt Disney did, to re-create "
+"the past for the future. These technologies promise something that had "
+"become unimaginable for much of our past—a future <emphasis>for</"
+"emphasis> our past. The technology of digital arts could make the dream of "
+"the Library of Alexandria real again."
msgstr ""
"Kahle er ikke den eneste bibliotekar. internet archive er ikke det eneste "
"arkivet. men kahle og internet archive foreslå hva fremtiden for biblioteker "
"vår fortid—en fremtid for vår fortid. teknologi for digital arts kan "
"gjøre drømmen om biblioteket i alexandria virkelig igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
"noens \"egenskapen.\" og loven om egenskapen begrenser friheter som kahle, "
"og andre vil utøve."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TEN: \"Property\""
msgstr "Kapittel ti: \"Eiendom\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
msgstr "Johnson, Lyndon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jack Valenti has been the president of the Motion Picture Association of "
"bakgrunnen. i hans nesten førti år kjører mpaa, har valenti etablert seg som "
"kanskje mest iøynefallende og effektiv korridorpolitiker i washington."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Disney, Inc."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Sony Pictures Entertainment"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "MGM"
msgstr "MGM"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Paramount Pictures"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Twentieth Century Fox"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Universal Pictures"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Warner Brothers"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The MPAA is the American branch of the international Motion Picture "
"paramount bilder, 20th century fox, universal studios og warner brothers."
#. PAGE BREAK 128
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Valenti is only the third president of the MPAA. No president before him has "
"verdenskrig, er ingen mr. smith. Når valenti gikk til washington, han "
"mestret byen i en typiske washingtonian måte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In defending artistic liberty and the freedom of speech that our culture "
"er organisasjonens-innsats, epitomized i valenti's hver handling, til å "
"redefinere betydningen av \"kreative property.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1982, Valenti's testimony to Congress captured the strategy perfectly:"
"i 1982 innspilt valenti's vitnesbyrd til Kongressen strategien perfekt:"
#. f1
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R. 4794, H.R. "
"rettsvesenet av house of representatives, 97th cong., 2nd sess. (1982): 65 "
"(vitnesbyrd om jack valenti)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"No matter the lengthy arguments made, no matter the charges and the counter-"
"charges, no matter the tumult and the shouting, reasonable men and women "
"will keep returning to the fundamental issue, the central theme which "
-"animates this entire debate: Creative property owners must be accorded the "
-"same rights and protection resident in all other property owners in the "
-"nation. That is the issue. That is the question. And that is the rostrum on "
-"which this entire hearing and the debates to follow must rest.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"animates this entire debate: <emphasis>Creative property owners must be "
+"accorded the same rights and protection resident in all other property "
+"owners in the nation</emphasis>. That is the issue. That is the question. "
+"And that is the rostrum on which this entire hearing and the debates to "
+"follow must rest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 129
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
"bolig i nasjonen.\" det er ingen andre klasses borgere, valenti kanskje har "
"fortsatt. Det bør være ingen annenklasses bolig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This claim has an obvious and powerful intuitive pull. It is stated with "
"such clarity as to make the idea as obvious as the notion that we use "
"elections to pick presidents. But in fact, there is no more extreme a claim "
-"made by anyone who is serious in this debate than this claim of Valenti's. "
-"Jack Valenti, however sweet and however brilliant, is perhaps the nation's "
-"foremost extremist when it comes to the nature and scope of \"creative "
-"property.\" His views have no reasonable connection to our actual legal "
-"tradition, even if the subtle pull of his Texan charm has slowly redefined "
-"that tradition, at least in Washington."
+"made by <emphasis>anyone</emphasis> who is serious in this debate than this "
+"claim of Valenti's. Jack Valenti, however sweet and however brilliant, is "
+"perhaps the nation's foremost extremist when it comes to the nature and "
+"scope of \"creative property.\" His views have <emphasis>no</emphasis> "
+"reasonable connection to our actual legal tradition, even if the subtle pull "
+"of his Texan charm has slowly redefined that tradition, at least in "
+"Washington."
msgstr ""
"denne påstanden har en tydelig og kraftig intuitivt trekk. Det er oppgitt "
"med slike klarhet som å gjøre idéen tydelig som oppfatningen at vi bruker "
"har sakte redefinert denne tradisjonen, minst i washington."
#. f2
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lawyers speak of \"property\" not as an absolute thing, but as a bundle of "
"\"property right\" to my car gives me the right to exclusive use, but not "
"the right to drive at 150 miles an hour. For the best effort to connect the "
"ordinary meaning of \"property\" to \"lawyer talk,\" see Bruce Ackerman, "
-"Private Property and the Constitution (New Haven: Yale University Press, "
-"1977), 26–27."
+"<citetitle>Private Property and the Constitution</citetitle> (New Haven: "
+"Yale University Press, 1977), 26–27."
msgstr ""
"advokater snakker om \"property\" ikke som en absolute ting, men som en bunt "
"av rettigheter som er noen ganger knyttet til bestemte objekter. Dermed gir "
"bruce ackerman, privat eiendom og grunnloven (new haven: yale university "
"press, 1977), 2627."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"While \"creative property\" is certainly \"property\" in a nerdy and precise "
"sense that lawyers are trained to understand,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"radical, and radically undesirable, change in our tradition."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Valenti knows this. But he speaks for an industry that cares squat for our "
"kraftig kontroll over hvordan vår kreative kultur ville utvikle."
#. PAGE BREAK 130
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I have two purposes in this chapter. The first is to convince you that, "
"kreativitet, avhenger av eierne av kreativitet som har mindre enn perfekt "
"kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Organizations such as the MPAA, whose board includes the most powerful of "
"et snev at det er noe fundamentalt galt i valenti's-argumentet, må vi se "
"lenger enn USA Grunnloven selv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The framers of our Constitution loved \"property.\" Indeed, so strongly did "
"house, or acquires a slice of land from your farm—it is required, "
"under the Fifth Amendment's \"Takings Clause,\" to pay you \"just "
"compensation\" for that taking. The Constitution thus guarantees that "
-"property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot ever be taken from the "
-"property owner unless the government pays for the privilege."
+"property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot <emphasis>ever</emphasis> "
+"be taken from the property owner unless the government pays for the "
+"privilege."
msgstr ""
"forfatterne av vår grunnlov elsket \"egenskapen.\" faktisk så sterkt gjorde "
"de elsker egenskapen at de innebygd i Grunnloven et viktig krav. Hvis "
"mindre regjeringen betaler for privilegiet."
#. PAGE BREAK 131
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
"calls \"creative property.\" In the clause granting Congress the power to "
-"create \"creative property,\" the Constitution requires that after a "
-"\"limited time,\" Congress take back the rights that it has granted and set "
-"the \"creative property\" free to the public domain. Yet when Congress does "
-"this, when the expiration of a copyright term \"takes\" your copyright and "
-"turns it over to the public domain, Congress does not have any obligation to "
-"pay \"just compensation\" for this \"taking.\" Instead, the same "
-"Constitution that requires compensation for your land requires that you lose "
-"your \"creative property\" right without any compensation at all."
+"create \"creative property,\" the Constitution <emphasis>requires</emphasis> "
+"that after a \"limited time,\" Congress take back the rights that it has "
+"granted and set the \"creative property\" free to the public domain. Yet "
+"when Congress does this, when the expiration of a copyright term \"takes\" "
+"your copyright and turns it over to the public domain, Congress does not "
+"have any obligation to pay \"just compensation\" for this \"taking.\" "
+"Instead, the same Constitution that requires compensation for your land "
+"requires that you lose your \"creative property\" right without any "
+"compensation at all."
msgstr ""
"men svært samme grunnlov snakker veldig annerledes om hva valenti samtaler "
"\"kreative egenskapen.\" i setningsdelen gir Kongressen makt til å opprette "
"land krever at du mister din \"kreative eiendom\" rett uten noen "
"kompensasjon overhodet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Constitution thus on its face states that these two forms of property "
"eiendomsrett eier. Han er effektivt kranglet for en endring i våre "
"Grunnloven selv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Arguing for a change in our Constitution is not necessarily wrong. There "
"andre som vi bør avvise også. så mitt argument ikke er bare at fordi "
"jefferson gjorde det, vi bør, også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Instead, my argument is that because Jefferson did it, we should at least "
-"try to understand why. Why did the framers, fanatical property types that "
-"they were, reject the claim that creative property be given the same rights "
-"as all other property? Why did they require that for creative property there "
-"must be a public domain?"
+"try to understand <emphasis>why</emphasis>. Why did the framers, fanatical "
+"property types that they were, reject the claim that creative property be "
+"given the same rights as all other property? Why did they require that for "
+"creative property there must be a public domain?"
msgstr ""
"i stedet, mitt argument er at fordi jefferson gjorde det, vi bør i det "
"minste prøver å forstå hvorfor. Hvorfor underskrev, fanatical egenskapstyper "
"som alle andre eiendom? Hvorfor de krever at for kreative egenskapen det må "
"være et frivare?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
"these \"creative property\" rights, and the control that they enabled. Once "
"we see clearly how differently these rights have been defined, we will be in "
"a better position to ask the question that should be at the core of this "
-"war: Not whether creative property should be protected, but how. Not whether "
-"we will enforce the rights the law gives to creative-property owners, but "
-"what the particular mix of rights ought to be. Not whether artists should be "
-"paid, but whether institutions designed to assure that artists get paid need "
-"also control how culture develops."
+"war: Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> creative property should be protected, "
+"but how. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> we will enforce the rights the law "
+"gives to creative-property owners, but what the particular mix of rights "
+"ought to be. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> artists should be paid, but "
+"whether institutions designed to assure that artists get paid need also "
+"control how culture develops."
msgstr ""
"for å besvare dette spørsmålet, trenger vi å få noen perspektiv om disse "
"\"kreative eiendom\", og kontrollen som de aktivert historie. Når vi ser "
"kontrollere hvordan kultur utvikler seg."
#. PAGE BREAK 132
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To answer these questions, we need a more general way to talk about how "
"property is protected. More precisely, we need a more general way than the "
-"narrow language of the law allows. In Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, I "
-"used a simple model to capture this more general perspective. For any "
-"particular right or regulation, this model asks how four different "
-"modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken the right or "
-"regulation. I represented it with this diagram:"
+"narrow language of the law allows. In <citetitle>Code and Other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace</citetitle>, I used a simple model to capture this more general "
+"perspective. For any particular right or regulation, this model asks how "
+"four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken the "
+"right or regulation. I represented it with this diagram:"
msgstr ""
"Hvis du vil svare på disse spørsmålene, trenger vi en mer generell måte å "
"snakke om hvordan egenskapen er beskyttet. mer presist, trenger vi en mer "
"støtte eller svekke høyre eller regulering. Jeg representerte det med dette "
"diagrammet:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
msgid ""
"How four different modalities of regulation interact to support or weaken "
"the right or regulation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1331.png\"></graphic>"
-#. PAGE BREAK 133
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the center of this picture is a regulated dot: the individual or group "
"willfully infringe Madonna's copyright by copying a song from her latest CD "
"and posting it on the Web, you can be punished with a $150,000 fine. The "
"fine is an ex post punishment for violating an ex ante rule. It is imposed "
-"by the state."
+"by the state. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"midt på dette bildet er et regulert punkt: på personen eller gruppen som er "
"målet for regulering eller innehaveren av en rettighet. (i hvert fall i "
"bokføre det\\/den på weben, kan du bli straffet med en $150.000 fine. fine "
"er en ex post straff for å bryte en ex ante regelen. Det er pålagt av staten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Norms are a different kind of constraint. They, too, punish an individual "
"differansen er ikke av alvorlighetsgraden av regelen, men kilden for "
"håndhevelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The market is a third type of constraint. Its constraint is effected through "
"sett av normer og bakgrunn av eiendom og kontrakt lov, markedet pålegger en "
"samtidige begrensning på hvor en person eller gruppe kan oppføre seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, \"architecture"
"et fly til new york, er det markedet som håndhever denne betingelsen."
#. PAGE BREAK 134
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So the first point about these four modalities of regulation is obvious: "
"samhandler. restriksjoner pålagt av en kan bli forsterket av en annen. eller "
"restriksjoner pålagt av en kan bli undergravd av en annen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The second point follows directly: If we want to understand the effective "
"blant de viktigste, og eventuelle regulator (enten kontroll eller frigjør) "
"må vurdere hvordan disse fire spesielt samhandle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "driving speed, constraints on"
msgstr "kjørehastighet, begrensninger på"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So, for example, consider the \"freedom\" to drive a car at a high speed. "
"ikke være så effektiv i en annen by, eller om natten."
#. f3
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By describing the way law affects the other three modalities, I don't mean "
"to suggest that the other three don't affect law. Obviously, they do. Law's "
"only distinction is that it alone speaks as if it has a right self-"
"consciously to change the other three. The right of the other three is more "
-"timidly expressed. See Lawrence Lessig, Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace "
-"(New York: Basic Books, 1999): 90–95; Lawrence Lessig, \"The New "
-"Chicago School,\" Journal of Legal Studies, June 1998."
+"timidly expressed. See Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of "
+"Cyberspace</citetitle> (New York: Basic Books, 1999): 90–95; Lawrence "
+"Lessig, \"The New Chicago School,\" <citetitle>Journal of Legal Studies</"
+"citetitle>, June 1998."
msgstr ""
"ved å beskrive hvordan trenger ikke loven påvirker andre tre metoder, jeg "
"bety å foreslå at tre andre ikke påvirker lov. Selvfølgelig, de gjør. law's "
"skolen,\" journal of Jusstudier, Juni 1998."
#. PAGE BREAK 135
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The final point about this simple model should also be fairly clear: While "
"these four modalities are analytically independent, law has a special role "
"driving."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure><title>
msgid "Law has a special role in affecting the three."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1361.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Commons, John R."
msgstr "Commons, John R."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some people object to this way of talking about \"liberty.\" They object "
"of ordinary life. I don't mean to deny the value in this narrower view, "
"which depends upon the context of the inquiry. I do, however, mean to argue "
"against any insistence that this narrower view is the only proper view of "
-"liberty. As I argued in Code, we come from a long tradition of political "
-"thought with a broader focus than the narrow question of what the government "
-"did when. John Stuart Mill defended freedom of speech, for example, from "
-"the tyranny of narrow minds, not from the fear of government prosecution; "
-"John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19. "
-"John R. Commons famously defended the economic freedom of labor from "
-"constraints imposed by the market; John R. Commons, \"The Right to Work,\" "
-"in Malcom Rutherford and Warren J. Samuels, eds., John R. Commons: Selected "
-"Essays (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans with Disabilities Act "
-"increases the liberty of people with physical disabilities by changing the "
-"architecture of certain public places, thereby making access to those places "
-"easier; 42 United States Code, section 12101 (2000). Each of these "
-"interventions to change existing conditions changes the liberty of a "
-"particular group. The effect of those interventions should be accounted for "
-"in order to understand the effective liberty that each of these groups might "
-"face. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"liberty. As I argued in <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, we come from a long "
+"tradition of political thought with a broader focus than the narrow question "
+"of what the government did when. John Stuart Mill defended freedom of "
+"speech, for example, from the tyranny of narrow minds, not from the fear of "
+"government prosecution; John Stuart Mill, <citetitle>On Liberty</citetitle> "
+"(Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19. John R. Commons famously "
+"defended the economic freedom of labor from constraints imposed by the "
+"market; John R. Commons, \"The Right to Work,\" in Malcom Rutherford and "
+"Warren J. Samuels, eds., <citetitle>John R. Commons: Selected Essays</"
+"citetitle> (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans with Disabilities "
+"Act increases the liberty of people with physical disabilities by changing "
+"the architecture of certain public places, thereby making access to those "
+"places easier; 42 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 12101 "
+"(2000). Each of these interventions to change existing conditions changes "
+"the liberty of a particular group. The effect of those interventions should "
+"be accounted for in order to understand the effective liberty that each of "
+"these groups might face. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"noen mennesker objektet til denne måten av snakker om \"frihet.\" de "
"objektet fordi deres fokus når de vurderer begrensninger som finnes på et "
"bør tas med i betraktningen for å forstå den effektive frihet at hver av "
"disse gruppene kan gjøre ansiktet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These constraints can thus change, and they can be changed. To understand "
"the effective protection of liberty or protection of property at any "
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Why Hollywood Is Right"
msgstr "Hvorfor Hollywood har rett"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The most obvious point that this model reveals is just why, or just how, "
"domstolene å forsvare copyright. Denne modellen hjelper oss se hvorfor denne "
"samlingspunkt fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's say this is the picture of copyright's regulation before the Internet:"
msgstr "La oss si at dette er bilde av copyright's regulering før Internett:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Copyright's regulation before the Internet."
msgstr "La oss si at dette er bilde av copyright's regulering før Internett:"
#. PAGE BREAK 136
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is balance between law, norms, market, and architecture. The law "
"vårt samfunn (før Internett, minst) hadde ingen problemer med denne form for "
"krenkelse av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, or, more precisely, technologies such as MP3s and p2p "
"før Internett blir en effektiv stat av anarchy etter Internett."
#. PAGE BREAK 137
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus the sense of, and justification for, the warriors' response. "
"rettigheter har gått tapt. Dette er Irak etter fallet av saddam, men denne "
"gangen ingen regjering er rettferdiggjørende looting resultater."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "effective state of anarchy after the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1381.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
"skal utdanne barn å bedre beskytte opphavsretten."
#. PAGE BREAK 138
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This mixed strategy is just what copyright needed—if it was to "
"regjeringen å kausjon dem. Når import (markedet) tørke ut amerikanske stål "
"industrien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, there's nothing wrong or surprising in the content industry's campaign "
"\"arkitektur av inntekter.\""
#. f5
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Geoffrey Smith, \"Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a Bridge?\" "
"BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #24</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But just because a particular interest asks for government support, it "
"doesn't follow that support should be granted. And just because technology "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Does anyone believe the government "
"should ban digital cameras just to support Kodak? Highways have weakened the "
"freight business for railroads. Does anyone think we should ban trucks from "
-"roads for the purpose of protecting the railroads? Closer to the subject of "
-"this book, remote channel changers have weakened the \"stickiness\" of "
-"television advertising (if a boring commercial comes on the TV, the remote "
-"makes it easy to surf ), and it may well be that this change has weakened "
-"the television advertising market. But does anyone believe we should "
-"regulate remotes to reinforce commercial television? (Maybe by limiting them "
-"to function only once a second, or to switch to only ten channels within an "
-"hour?)"
+"roads <emphasis>for the purpose of</emphasis> protecting the railroads? "
+"Closer to the subject of this book, remote channel changers have weakened "
+"the \"stickiness\" of television advertising (if a boring commercial comes "
+"on the TV, the remote makes it easy to surf ), and it may well be that this "
+"change has weakened the television advertising market. But does anyone "
+"believe we should regulate remotes to reinforce commercial television? "
+"(Maybe by limiting them to function only once a second, or to switch to only "
+"ten channels within an hour?)"
msgstr ""
#. f6
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "Fred Warshofsky, The Patent Wars (New York: Wiley, 1994), 170–71."
+msgid ""
+"Fred Warshofsky, <citetitle>The Patent Wars</citetitle> (New York: Wiley, "
+"1994), 170–71."
msgstr ""
"Fred Warshofsky, The Patent Wars (New York: Wiley, 1994), 170–71."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gates, Bill"
msgstr "Gates, Bill"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The obvious answer to these obviously rhetorical questions is no. In a free "
"society, with a free market, supported by free enterprise and free trade, "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new "
"på forespørsel fra de vondt ved å endre teknologi, er endringer som bevare "
"insentiver og muligheter for innovasjon og endre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the context of laws regulating speech—which include, obviously, "
"regulering er begrunnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 140
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
"spørsmål som mye avhenger av verdier, bør vi først be om vi forstår effekten "
"av endringene innhold industrien ønsker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Here's the metaphor that will capture the argument to follow."
-msgstr "Her er til metaforen vil fange opp argumentet å følge."
+msgstr "Her kommer metaforen som vil forklare argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "DDT"
+msgstr "DDT"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Müller, Paul Hermann"
+msgstr "Müller, Paul Hermann"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1873, the chemical DDT was first synthesized. In 1948, Swiss chemist Paul "
"Hermann Müller won the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating the "
"insecticidal properties of DDT. By the 1950s, the insecticide was widely "
"used around the world to kill disease-carrying pests. It was also used to "
-"increase farm production."
+"increase farm production. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"i 1873, ble kjemiske ddt først syntetisert. i 1948, sveitsisk apotek paul "
"hermann müller vant nobel prisen for sitt arbeid demonstrere egenskapene "
"i verden til å drepe sykdom-bærer skadedyr. Det ble også brukt til å øke "
"produksjonen av gården."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one doubts that killing disease-carrying pests or increasing crop "
"som er en god ting. ingen tvil at arbeidet med müller var viktig og "
"verdifull og sannsynligvis lagret liv, kanskje millioner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Carson, Rachel"
msgstr "Carson, Rachel"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Silent Sprint (Carson)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But in 1962, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, which argued that DDT, "
-"whatever its primary benefits, was also having unintended environmental "
-"consequences. Birds were losing the ability to reproduce. Whole chains of "
-"the ecology were being destroyed. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/"
-"> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"But in 1962, Rachel Carson published <citetitle>Silent Spring</citetitle>, "
+"which argued that DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having "
+"unintended environmental consequences. Birds were losing the ability to "
+"reproduce. Whole chains of the ecology were being destroyed. <placeholder "
+"
type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"men i 1962, rachel carson publisert stille våren, som hevdet at ddt, uansett "
"dens primære fordeler, hadde også utilsiktede miljømessige konsekvenser. "
"fugler var å miste muligheten til å reprodusere. hele kjeder av økologi ble "
"blir ødelagt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did not aim "
"miljøvennlig måten å løse problemer som ddt var ment å løse."
#. f7
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+#| "Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
msgid ""
"See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
+"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
+"(1997): 87."
msgstr ""
"Se, for eksempel, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
"Environmentalism for the Net?\" Duke Law Journal 47 (1997): 87."
#. PAGE BREAK 141
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
"appeals when he argues that we need an \"environmentalism\" for culture."
"our actions' effects on the environment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My argument, in the balance of this chapter, tries to map exactly this "
"denne massive økningen i beskyttelse være ødeleggende for miljøet for "
"kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In a line: To kill a gnat, we are spraying DDT with consequences for free "
"i en linje: for å drepe en mygg, er vi sprøyting ddt med konsekvenser, for "
"fri kultur som vil være langt mer ødeleggende enn denne mygg, vil gå tapt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Beginnings"
msgstr "Opphav"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
"property\" fjerner du rettigheter; uttrykkelig begrensninger forsterke den "
"engelske mål å unngå altfor kraftig utgivere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The power to establish \"creative property\" rights is granted to Congress "
"setningsdelen i vår grunnlov sier at:"
#. PAGE BREAK 142
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
"to their respective Writings and Discoveries. We can call this the "
"\"Progress Clause,\" for notice what this clause does not say. It does not "
"say Congress has the power to grant \"creative property rights.\" It says "
-"that Congress has the power to promote progress. The grant of power is its "
-"purpose, and its purpose is a public one, not the purpose of enriching "
-"publishers, nor even primarily the purpose of rewarding authors."
+"that Congress has the power <emphasis>to promote progress</emphasis>. The "
+"grant of power is its purpose, and its purpose is a public one, not the "
+"purpose of enriching publishers, nor even primarily the purpose of rewarding "
+"authors."
msgstr ""
"Kongressen har makt til å fremme utviklingen av vitenskap og nyttig kunst, "
"ved å sikre begrenset ganger til forfattere og oppfinnere den eksklusive "
"og formålet er en offentlig, ikke hensikten med berikende utgivere, eller "
"med hovedsakelig formålet med givende forfatternes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Progress Clause expressly limits the term of copyrights. As we saw in "
"forsterket det målet ved å kreve at opphavsretten utvide \"til forfattere\" "
"bare."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The design of the Progress Clause reflects something about the "
"federal government, they built structures to reinforce the power of the "
"states—including the Senate, whose members were at the time selected "
"by the states, and an electoral college, also selected by the states, to "
-"select the president. In each case, a structure built checks and balances "
-"into the constitutional frame, structured to prevent otherwise inevitable "
-"concentrations of power."
+"select the president. In each case, a <emphasis>structure</emphasis> built "
+"checks and balances into the constitutional frame, structured to prevent "
+"otherwise inevitable concentrations of power."
msgstr ""
"utformingen av fremdriften-setningsdelen gjenspeiler noe om grunnlovens "
"design generelt. for å unngå et problem, bygget underskrev struktur. Hvis du "
"struktur som ble bygd kontrollerer og saldoer i konstitusjonelle rammen, "
"strukturert for å hindre at ellers uunngåelig konsentrasjoner av makt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call \"copyright\" "
"årene siden de først slo sin design."
#. PAGE BREAK 143
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some of these changes come from the law: some in light of changes in "
"teknologi, og noen i lys av endringer i teknologi gitt en bestemt "
"konsentrasjon av markedets makt. Når det gjelder vår modell startet vi her:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "We will end here:"
msgstr "Vi kommer til å ende opp her:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""Copyright" today."
msgstr ""Opphavsrett" i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 144
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Let me explain how."
msgstr "La meg forklare hvordan."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law: Duration"
msgstr "Loven: Varighet"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Crosskey, William W."
msgstr "Crosskey, William W."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"William W. Crosskey, Politics and the Constitution in the History of the "
-"United States (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), vol. 1, "
-"485–86: \"extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the supreme Law of "
-"the Land,' the perpetual rights which authors had, or were supposed by some "
-"to have, under the Common Law\" (emphasis added). <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
+"of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
+"vol. 1, 485–86: \"extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the "
+"supreme Law of the Land,' <emphasis>the perpetual rights which authors had, "
+"or were supposed by some to have, under the Common Law</emphasis>"
+"\" (emphasis added). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"William W. Crosskey, politikk og Grunnloven i historien av USA (London: "
"Cambridge University Press, 1953), vol. 1, 485–86: \"slukke [ing], ved "
"rettigheter som forfattere hadde eller skulle etter noen å ha, under felles "
"lov\" (vekt legges til)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"When the first Congress enacted laws to protect creative property, it faced "
"the same uncertainty about the status of creative property that the English "
"to reprint and distribute works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That uncertainty ended after Congress passed legislation granting "
"at opphavsretten for alle engelsk arbeider utløpt, en føderale vedtekter "
"betydde at staten opphavsrettigheter utløpt også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1790, Congress enacted the first copyright law. It created a federal "
"bestått hans arbeid i public domain."
#. f9
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Although 13,000 titles were published in the United States from 1790 to "
-"1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, A History of "
-"Book Publishing in the United States, vol. 1, The Creation of an Industry, "
-"1630–1865 (New York: Bowker, 1972), 141. Of the 21,000 imprints "
-"recorded before 1790, only twelve were copyrighted under the 1790 act; "
-"William J. Maher, Copyright Term, Retrospective Extension and the Copyright "
-"Law of 1790 in Historical Context, 7–10 (2002), available at <ulink "
-"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #25</ulink>. Thus, the "
+"1799, only 556 copyright registrations were filed; John Tebbel, <citetitle>A "
+"History of Book Publishing in the United States</citetitle>, vol. 1, "
+"<citetitle>The Creation of an Industry, 1630–1865</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Bowker, 1972), 141. Of the 21,000 imprints recorded before 1790, only "
+"twelve were copyrighted under the 1790 act; William J. Maher, "
+"<citetitle>Copyright Term, Retrospective Extension and the Copyright Law of "
+"1790 in Historical Context</citetitle>, 7–10 (2002), available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #25</ulink>. Thus, the "
"overwhelming majority of works fell immediately into the public domain. Even "
"those works that were copyrighted fell into the public domain quickly, "
"because the term of copyright was short. The initial term of copyright was "
"Copyright Act of May 31, 1790, §1, 1 stat. 124."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"While there were many works created in the United States in the first ten "
"years of the Republic, only 5 percent of the works were actually registered "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 145
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This system of renewal was a crucial part of the American system of "
"copyright. It assured that the maximum terms of copyright would be granted "
"ikke verdt det for samfunnet å håndheve opphavsretten."
#. f10
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
"the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
"a year-by-year analysis of copyright renewal rates, see Barbara A. Ringer, "
-"\"Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,\" Studies on Copyright, vol. 1 (New "
-"York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), 618. For a more recent and "
-"comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and Richard A. Posner, "
-"\"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" University of Chicago Law Review 70 "
-"(2003): 471, 498–501, and accompanying figures."
+"\"Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,\" <citetitle>Studies on Copyright</"
+"citetitle>, vol. 1 (New York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), 618. For a "
+"more recent and comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and Richard "
+"A. Posner, \"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" <citetitle>University of "
+"Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 471, 498–501, and "
+"accompanying figures."
msgstr ""
"noen rettighetshavere valgte noensinne å fornye sine opphavsrettigheter. for "
"eksempel av 25,006 opphavsretten registrert i 1883, ble bare 894 fornyet i "
"\"på ubestemt tid fornybar copyright,\" university of chicago lov gå gjennom "
"70 (2003): 471, 498501 og tilhørende tallene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Fourteen years may not seem long to us, but for the vast majority of "
"copyright owners at that time, it was long enough: Only a small minority of "
msgstr ""
#. f11
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid "See Ringer, ch. 9, n. 2."
msgstr "Se Ringer, kap. 9, n. 2."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even today, this structure would make sense. Most creative work has an "
"actual commercial life of just a couple of years. Most books fall out of "
"print after one year.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When that "
"happens, the used books are traded free of copyright regulation. Thus the "
-"books are no longer effectively controlled by copyright. The only practical "
-"commercial use of the books at that time is to sell the books as used books; "
-"that use—because it does not involve publication—is effectively "
-"free."
+"books are no longer <emphasis>effectively</emphasis> controlled by "
+"copyright. The only practical commercial use of the books at that time is to "
+"sell the books as used books; that use—because it does not involve "
+"publication—is effectively free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the first hundred years of the Republic, the term of copyright was "
"Republikken begrepet økt igjen. i 1909 utvidet Kongressen begrepet fornyelse "
"av 14 år til 28 år, angi en maksimal periode på 56 år."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then, beginning in 1962, Congress started a practice that has defined "
"utvidet begrepet av eksisterende og fremtidige opphavsretten av tjue år."
#. PAGE BREAK 146
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of these extensions is simply to toll, or delay, the passing of "
"million patenter vil passere i den offentlige sfæren, vil dermed null "
"opphavsrett passerer i public domain kraft av utløpet av en opphavsrett sikt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of these extensions has been exacerbated by another, little-"
"domain. works gjenværende under beskyttelse vil være de som hadde noen "
"vedvarende kommersiell verdi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
"deretter tilgjengelig. etter sonny bono loven, at begrepet var fem og nitti "
"år."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This change meant that American law no longer had an automatic way to assure "
"\", har vi ingen bevis for at noe vil begrense dem."
#. f12
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
"tretti-to år, og tretti år i gjennomsnitt. se landes og posner, \"på "
"ubestemt tid fornybar copyright,\" loc. cit."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The effect of these changes on the average duration of copyright is "
"dramatic. In 1973, more than 85 percent of copyright owners failed to renew "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law: Scope"
msgstr "Loven: Virkeområde"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The \"scope\" of a copyright is the range of rights granted by the law. The "
"er ikke nødvendigvis dårlig. men vi bør forstå omfanget av endringene Hvis "
"vi å holde denne debatten i sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only \"maps, charts, "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet bok, eller å tilpasse historien til et annet skjema "
"(for eksempel et drama basert på en publiserte bok)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This, too, has changed dramatically. While the contours of copyright today "
"verk som er basert på en betydelig måte på det første skapende arbeidet."
#. PAGE BREAK 148
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the same time that the scope of copyright has expanded, procedural "
"there was a requirement that a work be registered before it could receive "
"the protection of a copyright. There was also a requirement that any "
"copyrighted work be marked either with that famous © or the word "
-"copyright. And for most of the history of American copyright law, there was "
-"a requirement that works be deposited with the government before a copyright "
-"could be secured."
+"<emphasis>copyright</emphasis>. And for most of the history of American "
+"copyright law, there was a requirement that works be deposited with the "
+"government before a copyright could be secured."
msgstr ""
"på samme tid som har utvidet omfanget av copyright, er fremgangsmåter for "
"begrensninger til høyre avslappet. Jeg har allerede beskrevet fullstendig "
"lov om opphavsrett, det var et krav at works settes med regjeringen før "
"opphavsretten som kan sikres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reason for the registration requirement was the sensible understanding "
"arbeidet et sted slik at den kan kopieres av andre uten å finne den "
"opprinnelige forfatteren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of these \"formalities\" were abolished in the American system when we "
"opphavsretten finnes om du merker arbeidet med en ©; og opphavsretten finnes "
"om du faktisk lage en kopi tilgjengelig for andre å kopiere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Consider a practical example to understand the scope of these differences."
msgstr ""
"Vurder et praktisk eksempel for å forstå omfanget av disse forskjellene."
#. f13
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, \"Poets, Pirates, and the Creation of "
-"American Literature,\" 29 New York University Journal of International Law "
-"and Politics 255 (1997), and James Gilraeth, ed., Federal Copyright Records, "
-"1790–1800 (U.S. G.P.O., 1987)."
+"American Literature,\" 29 <citetitle>New York University Journal of "
+"International Law and Politics</citetitle> 255 (1997), and James Gilraeth, "
+"ed., Federal Copyright Records, 1790–1800 (U.S. G.P.O., 1987)."
msgstr ""
"se thomas bender og david sampliner, \"poeter, pirater og etableringen av "
"amerikansk litteratur,\" 29 new york university journal of internasjonal lov "
"og politikk 255 (1997), og james gilraeth, ed., føderale opphavsrett "
"records, 17901800 (US g.p.o., 1987)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"If, in 1790, you wrote a book and you were one of the 5 percent who actually "
"copyrighted that book, then the copyright law protected you against another "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 149
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The act left other creators totally unregulated. If I copied your poem by "
"disse kreative aktivitetene forble gratis, mens aktivitetene til utgivere "
"var behersket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today the story is very different: If you write a book, your book is "
"automatically protected. Indeed, not just your book. Every e-mail, every "
-"note to your spouse, every doodle, every creative act that's reduced to a "
-"tangible form—all of this is automatically copyrighted. There is no "
-"need to register or mark your work. The protection follows the creation, not "
-"the steps you take to protect it."
+"note to your spouse, every doodle, <emphasis>every</emphasis> creative act "
+"that's reduced to a tangible form—all of this is automatically "
+"copyrighted. There is no need to register or mark your work. The protection "
+"follows the creation, not the steps you take to protect it."
msgstr ""
"i dag historien er svært forskjellige: Hvis du skriver en bok, boken er "
"automatisk beskyttet. faktisk, ikke bare i adresseboken. hver e-post, hver "
"kopirettigheter. Det er ikke nødvendig å registrere deg eller merke arbeidet "
"ditt. beskyttelse følger etablering, ikke trinnene du ta for å beskytte den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That protection gives you the right (subject to a narrow range of fair use "
"unntak) til å kontrollere hvordan andre kopierer arbeidet, om de kopiere den "
"til å publisere den på nytt, eller for å dele et utdrag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
"eksklusiv rett til skrifter, men en eksklusiv rett til skrifter og en stor "
"andel av skrifter som er inspirert av dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is this derivative right that would seem most bizarre to our framers, "
"spøk av opphavsretten, slik loven ble riktig utvidet til å omfatte disse små "
"endringer, så vel som ordrett opprinnelige arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, July/August "
+#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
+#| "ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, July/August 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
+"citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"
cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" Legal Affairs, juli/august 2003, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</"
"ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In preventing that joke, the law created an astonishing power within a free "
"culture—at least, it's astonishing when you understand that the law "
"applies not just to the commercial publisher but to anyone with a computer. "
"I understand the wrong in duplicating and selling someone else's work. But "
-"whatever that wrong is, transforming someone else's work is a different "
-"wrong. Some view transformation as no wrong at all—they believe that "
-"our law, as the framers penned it, should not protect derivative rights at "
-"all.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Whether or not you go that "
-"far, it seems plain that whatever wrong is involved is fundamentally "
-"different from the wrong of direct piracy."
+"whatever <emphasis>that</emphasis> wrong is, transforming someone else's "
+"work is a different wrong. Some view transformation as no wrong at all—"
+"they believe that our law, as the framers penned it, should not protect "
+"derivative rights at all.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Whether "
+"or not you go that far, it seems plain that whatever wrong is involved is "
+"fundamentally different from the wrong of direct piracy."
msgstr ""
#. f15
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
"the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
"First Amendment) between mere \"copies\" and derivative works. See Jed "
"Rubenfeld, \"The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's Constitutionality,\" "
-"Yale Law Journal 112 (2002): 1–60 (see especially pp. 53–59)."
+"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 112 (2002): 1–60 (see "
+"especially pp. 53–59)."
msgstr ""
"professor rubenfeld har presentert en kraftig konstitusjonelle argument om "
"forskjellen som lov om opphavsrett bør trekke (fra perspektivet til den "
"\"ytringsfriheten fantasi: opphavsrett 's constitutionality,\" yale law "
"journal 112 (2002): 160 (se spesielt s. 5359)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet copyright law treats these two different wrongs in the same way. I can "
"go to court and get an injunction against your pirating my book. I can go to "
"creative work are treated the same."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
"kalt \"Mikke Mus\", hvorfor skal du kunne gjøre Mikke Mus leker og være en "
"til å handle på verdien som disney opprinnelig opprettet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are good arguments, and, in general, my point is not that the "
"er grunnløs. meg sikte akkurat nå er mye smalere: bare for å gjøre det klart "
"at denne utvidelsen er en betydelig endring fra de opprinnelig rettighetene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Law and Architecture: Reach"
msgstr "Lov og arkitektur: Rekkevidde"
#. f16
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
"regulates more than \"copies\"—a public performance of a copyrighted "
"song, for example, is regulated even though performance per se doesn't make "
-"a copy; 17 United States Code, section 106(4). And it certainly sometimes "
-"doesn't regulate a \"copy\"; 17 United States Code, section 112(a). But the "
-"presumption under the existing law (which regulates \"copies;\" 17 United "
-"States Code, section 102) is that if there is a copy, there is a right."
+"a copy; 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 106(4). And it "
+"certainly sometimes doesn't regulate a \"copy\"; 17 <citetitle>United States "
+"Code</citetitle>, section 112(a). But the presumption under the existing law "
+"(which regulates \"copies;\" 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, "
+"section 102) is that if there is a copy, there is a right."
msgstr ""
"Dette er en forenkling av loven, men ikke mye av en. loven absolutt "
"regulerer mer enn \"Kopier\"—en offentlig fremføring av en "
"antagelse under den eksisterende lov (som regulerer \"Kopier\"; 17 united "
"states code, avsnitt 102) er at hvis det er en kopi, det er rett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Whereas originally the law regulated only publishers, the change in "
"copyright's scope means that the law today regulates publishers, users, and "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 151
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"\"Copies.\" That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for copyright law "
-"to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's argument at the start of this "
-"chapter, that \"creative property\" deserves the \"same rights\" as all "
-"other property, it is the obvious that we need to be most careful about. For "
-"while it may be obvious that in the world before the Internet, copies were "
-"the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon reflection, it should be obvious "
-"that in the world with the Internet, copies should not be the trigger for "
-"copyright law. More precisely, they should not always be the trigger for "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"\"Copies.\" That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for <emphasis>copy</"
+"emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's argument at the "
+"start of this chapter, that \"creative property\" deserves the \"same rights"
+"\" as all other property, it is the <emphasis>obvious</emphasis> that we "
+"need to be most careful about. For while it may be obvious that in the world "
+"before the Internet, copies were the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon "
+"reflection, it should be obvious that in the world with the Internet, copies "
+"should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the trigger for copyright law. More "
+"precisely, they should not <emphasis>always</emphasis> be the trigger for "
"copyright law."
msgstr ""
"\"Kopier.\" som absolutt høres ut som det åpenbare tingen for opphavsrett å "
"presist, bør de ikke alltid være utløser for lov om opphavsrett."
#. f17
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, my argument is not that in each place that copyright law extends, we "
"for dens utvidelse der den does, og bør ikke avgjøre sin rekkevidde på "
"grunnlag av vilkårlig og automatiske endringer forårsaket av teknologi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is perhaps the central claim of this book, so let me take this very "
"slowly so that the point is not easily missed. My claim is that the Internet "
"contemplated, much less chosen, by the legislators who enacted copyright law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We can see this point abstractly by beginning with this largely empty circle."
msgstr ""
"Vi kan se dette punktet abstractly begynner med dette i stor grad tom sirkel."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "All potential uses of a book."
msgstr "Alle potensielle bruk av en bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1521.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 152
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Think about a book in real space, and imagine this circle to represent all "
-"its potential uses. Most of these uses are unregulated by copyright law, "
-"because the uses don't create a copy. If you read a book, that act is not "
-"regulated by copyright law. If you give someone the book, that act is not "
-"regulated by copyright law. If you resell a book, that act is not regulated "
-"(copyright law expressly states that after the first sale of a book, the "
-"copyright owner can impose no further conditions on the disposition of the "
-"book). If you sleep on the book or use it to hold up a lamp or let your "
-"puppy chew it up, those acts are not regulated by copyright law, because "
-"those acts do not make a copy."
+"its potential <emphasis>uses</emphasis>. Most of these uses are unregulated "
+"by copyright law, because the uses don't create a copy. If you read a book, "
+"that act is not regulated by copyright law. If you give someone the book, "
+"that act is not regulated by copyright law. If you resell a book, that act "
+"is not regulated (copyright law expressly states that after the first sale "
+"of a book, the copyright owner can impose no further conditions on the "
+"disposition of the book). If you sleep on the book or use it to hold up a "
+"lamp or let your puppy chew it up, those acts are not regulated by copyright "
+"law, because those acts do not make a copy."
msgstr ""
"Tenk på en bok i virkelige rommet, og tenke denne sirkelen til å "
"representere alle dens potensial bruker. de fleste av disse bruksområdene er "
"disse handlinger er regulert av lov om opphavsrett, fordi disse handlinger "
"ikke gjør en kopi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Examples of unregulated uses of a book."
msgstr "Eksempler på uregulert bruk av en bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1531.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, some uses of a copyrighted book are regulated by "
"paradigmatic bruk riktig regulert av opphavsrett regulering (se første "
"diagrammet på neste side)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
"remain unregulated because the law considers these \"fair uses.\""
msgstr ""
-"Endelig er det en liten sliver i regulert Ellers kopierer bruker som forblir "
-"unregulated fordi loven vurderer disse \"rimelig bruk\"."
+"Til slutt er det en tynn skive av ellers regulert kopierings-bruk som "
+"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som \"rimelig bruk\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"Republishing stands at the core of this circle of possible uses of a "
"copyrighted work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1541.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are uses that themselves involve copying, but which the law treats as "
"slike \"fair bruker\" for offentlig politikk (og muligens first endring) "
"grunner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Unregulated copying considered "fair uses.""
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som "rimelig bruk"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
"regulated."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 154
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
"visninger."
#. f18
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't mean \"nature\" in the sense that it couldn't be different, but "
"digital network kan være utformet for å slette noe det kopierer slik at det "
"samme antallet kopier forblir."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet—a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
"copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 155
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
"Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
-"plausible copyright-related argument that the copyright owner could make to "
-"control that use of her book. Copyright law would have nothing to say about "
-"whether you read the book once, ten times, or every night before you went to "
-"bed. None of those instances of use—reading— could be regulated "
-"by copyright law because none of those uses produced a copy."
+"plausible <emphasis>copyright</emphasis>-related argument that the copyright "
+"owner could make to control that use of her book. Copyright law would have "
+"nothing to say about whether you read the book once, ten times, or every "
+"night before you went to bed. None of those instances of use—"
+"reading— could be regulated by copyright law because none of those "
+"uses produced a copy."
msgstr ""
"så la oss være svært spesifikke å gjøre herfra Generelt og fjerner. før "
"Internett, hvis du kjøpte en bok og Les det ti ganger, ville det ikke "
"lesing—kan reguleres av lov om opphavsrett, fordi ingen av de bruker "
"produsert en kopi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
"rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
-"only once a month, then copyright law would aid the copyright owner in "
-"exercising this degree of control, because of the accidental feature of "
-"copyright law that triggers its application upon there being a copy. Now if "
-"you read the book ten times and the license says you may read it only five "
-"times, then whenever you read the book (or any portion of it) beyond the "
-"fifth time, you are making a copy of the book contrary to the copyright "
-"owner's wish."
+"only once a month, then <emphasis>copyright law</emphasis> would aid the "
+"copyright owner in exercising this degree of control, because of the "
+"accidental feature of copyright law that triggers its application upon there "
+"being a copy. Now if you read the book ten times and the license says you "
+"may read it only five times, then whenever you read the book (or any portion "
+"of it) beyond the fifth time, you are making a copy of the book contrary to "
+"the copyright owner's wish."
msgstr ""
"men den samme bok som en e-bok styres effektivt av et annet sett med regler. "
"nå hvis eieren av opphavsretten sier du kan lese boken bare én gang, eller "
"ganger, deretter hver gang du leser boken (eller deler av det) utover den "
"femte tid, gjør du en kopi av boken i strid med opphavsrett eierens ønske."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
"å gjøre det klart endringen. Når du ser dette punktet, bli noen andre "
"punkter også klar:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
"policy her for å skifte. unregulated bruker var en viktig del av fri kultur "
"før Internett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
"uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
-"commercial piracy. But the law now purports to regulate any transformation "
-"you make of creative work using a machine. \"Copy and paste\" and \"cut and "
-"paste\" become crimes. Tinkering with a story and releasing it to others "
-"exposes the tinkerer to at least a requirement of justification. However "
-"troubling the expansion with respect to copying a particular work, it is "
-"extraordinarily troubling with respect to transformative uses of creative "
-"work."
+"commercial piracy. But the law now purports to regulate <emphasis>any</"
+"emphasis> transformation you make of creative work using a machine. \"Copy "
+"and paste\" and \"cut and paste\" become crimes. Tinkering with a story and "
+"releasing it to others exposes the tinkerer to at least a requirement of "
+"justification. However troubling the expansion with respect to copying a "
+"particular work, it is extraordinarily troubling with respect to "
+"transformative uses of creative work."
msgstr ""
"andre, dette skiftet er spesielt troubling i sammenheng med transformative "
"bruk av kreative innholdet. igjen, kan vi alle forstå feil i kommersielle "
"svært troubling med hensyn til transformative bruk av skapende arbeid."
#. PAGE BREAK 156
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
"behovet for en rettferdig bruk forsvar. retten til å lese var effektivt "
"beskyttet før fordi lesing ikke ble regulert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
"culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
"use—never even addressing the earlier question about the expansion in "
"effective regulation. A thin protection grounded in fair use makes sense "
-"when the vast majority of uses are unregulated. But when everything becomes "
-"presumptively regulated, then the protections of fair use are not enough."
+"when the vast majority of uses are <emphasis>unregulated</emphasis>. But "
+"when everything becomes presumptively regulated, then the protections of "
+"fair use are not enough."
msgstr ""
"dette punktet om rimelig bruk er helt ignorert, selv av talsmenn gratis "
"kultur. Vi har vært cornered til kranglet at våre rettigheter er avhengige "
"store flertallet av bruker er unregulated. men når alt blir presumptively "
"regulert, deretter beskyttelse av fair use er ikke nok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
"video rørledningen fikk tilhengere fra trevare, sette tilhengere på bånd, og "
"solgt kassetter til selge i detalj butikker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
"vil også kunne smake litt fra filmen on-line før du kjøpte den."
#. PAGE BREAK 157
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
"de hadde. så de anlagt en sak å be retten å erklære at disse rettighetene "
"var faktisk sine rettigheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Disney countersued—for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
"aktivere video butikker å selge kopier av disse filmene, var disney nå suing "
"video rørledning for $100 millioner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
"vise titlene på filmene de solgte, men de var ikke lov til å vise klipp av "
"filmer som en måte å selge dem uten disney's tillatelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
"kontroll, fordi teknologien bygger en kopi til hver transaksjon."
#. PAGE BREAK 158
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
"men i et konkurranseutsatt marked som bok-markedet, farene ved dette skjer "
"er ganske liten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
"eiere velge. i enkelte sammenhenger, minst, er det faktum harmløse. men det "
"er en oppskrift på katastrofe i enkelte sammenhenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
msgstr "Arkitektur og lov: Makt"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
"påvirker ikke rekkevidden av opphavsrett regulering; det påvirker hvordan "
"slike regulering fremtvinges."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
"tradisjonen med loven og cognizant av saldoer som tradisjon omfavnet, som sa "
"om og hvordan loven ville begrense friheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Casablanca"
msgstr "Casablanca"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Marx Brothers"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f19
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
+#| "Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgid ""
-"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
-"Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
+"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgstr ""
"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" Law and Contemporary "
"Problems 44 (1981): 172–73."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
-"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of Casablanca. Warner "
-"Brothers objected. They wrote a nasty letter to the Marxes, warning them "
-"that there would be serious legal consequences if they went forward with "
-"their plan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of <citetitle>Casablanca</"
+"citetitle>. Warner Brothers objected. They wrote a nasty letter to the "
+"Marxes, warning them that there would be serious legal consequences if they "
+"
went forward with their plan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Det er en berømt historie om en kamp mellom Marx-brødrene (the Marx "
"Brothers) og Warner Brothers. Marx-brødrene planla å lage en parodi av "
-"Casablanca. Warner Brothers protesterte. De skrev et ufint brev til Marx-"
-"brødrene og advarte dem om at det ville få seriøse juridiske konsekvenser "
-"hvis de gikk videre med sin plan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>. Warner Brothers protesterte. De skrev et "
+"ufint brev til Marx-brødrene og advarte dem om at det ville få seriøse "
+"juridiske konsekvenser hvis de gikk videre med sin plan.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. f20
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-msgid "Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 1–3."
-msgstr "Ibid. Se også Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 1–3."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+msgid ""
+"Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
+"citetitle>, 1–3. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+"Ibid. Se også Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
+"citetitle>, 1–3. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
"that the Marx Brothers \"were brothers long before you were.\"<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers therefore owned the word "
-"brothers, and if Warner Brothers insisted on trying to control Casablanca, "
-"then the Marx Brothers would insist on control over brothers."
+"<citetitle>brothers</citetitle>, and if Warner Brothers insisted on trying "
+"to control <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, then the Marx Brothers would "
+"insist on control over <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
"Dette fikk Marx-brødrene til å svare tilbake med samme mynt. De advarte "
"Warner Brothers om at Marx-brødrene \"var brødre lenge før dere var det\"."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Marx-brødrene eide derfor ordet "
-"Brothers, og hvis Warner Brothers insisterte på å forsøke å kontrollere "
-"Casablanca, så ville Marx-brødrene insistere på kontroll over Brothers."
+"<citetitle>Brothers</citetitle>, og hvis Warner Brothers insisterte på å "
+"forsøke å kontrollere <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, så ville Marx-"
+"brødrene insistere på kontroll over <citetitle>Brothers</citetitle>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
"Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly claim. "
"håndheve et slikt dumt krav. Denne ekstremismen var irrelevant for de ekte "
"friheter som alle (inkludert Warner Brothers) nøt godt av."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
"ville ikke få humor av the marx brothers. Konsekvensen av dette er overhodet "
"ikke morsomt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
msgstr "La oss se på livet til min Adobe eBook Reader."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
"book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
"bruker å levere e-bøker. Den bidrar med teknologien, og utgiveren leverer "
"innholdet ved hjelp av teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On the next page is a picture of an old version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
"på neste er siden et bilde av en gammel versjon av min adobe eBok-leser."
#. PAGE BREAK 160
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
"library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
-"Middlemarch, for example, is in the public domain. Some of them reproduce "
-"content that is not in the public domain: My own book The Future of Ideas is "
-"not yet within the public domain. Consider Middlemarch first. If you click "
-"on my e-book copy of Middlemarch, you'll see a fancy cover, and then a "
-"button at the bottom called Permissions."
+"<citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle>, for example, is in the public domain. "
+"Some of them reproduce content that is not in the public domain: My own book "
+"<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> is not yet within the public "
+"domain. Consider <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> first. If you click on "
+"my e-book copy of <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle>, you'll see a fancy "
+"cover, and then a button at the bottom called Permissions."
msgstr ""
"som du ser, har jeg en liten samling av e-bøker i denne e-boken biblioteket. "
"noen av disse bøkene reprodusere innholdet i public domain: middlemarch, er "
"vurdere middlemarch først. Hvis du klikker på min e-bok-kopi av middlemarch, "
"vil du se en fancy cover og deretter en knapp på bunnen kalt tillatelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
msgstr "Bilde av en gammel versjon av Adobe eBook Reader."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1611.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
"Hvis du klikker på knappen tillatelser, ser du en liste over tillatelsene "
"som utgiveren hensikt å gi med denne boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du klikker på knappen tillatelser, ser du en liste over tillatelsene "
"som utgiveren hensikt å gi med denne boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 161
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
"of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
"text to the clipboard.) I also have the permission to print ten pages from "
"the book every ten days. Lastly, I have the permission to use the Read Aloud "
-"button to hear Middlemarch read aloud through the computer."
+"button to hear <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> read aloud through the "
+"computer."
msgstr ""
"Ifølge min eBok-leser har jeg tillatelse til å kopiere til utklippstavlen på "
"datamaskinen ti tekstområder ti dager. (så langt jeg har kopiert ingen tekst "
"boken ti dager. til slutt, jeg har tillatelse til å bruke lese høyt knapp "
"for å høre middlemarch lest høyt gjennom datamaskinen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
-"translation): Aristotle's Politics."
+"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
"Her er e-bok for et annet arbeid i den offentlige sfæren (inkludert "
"oversettelse): Aristoteles politikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s "Politics""
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at all. "
"i henhold til tillatelsene, ingen utskrift eller kopiering er tillatt i det "
"hele tatt. men heldigvis kan du bruke lese høyt knappen for å høre boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politics"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
-"e-book version of my last book, The Future of Ideas:"
+"e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
msgstr ""
"Endelig (og mest embarrassingly), her er du tillatelsene for den "
"opprinnelige e-bok-versjonen av boken min siste, fremtiden for idéer:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "List of the permissions for "The Future of Ideas"."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
msgstr ""
"Ingen kopiering, ingen utskrift, og våg ikke å prøve å lytte til denne boken!"
#. f21
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
"kontrakten, ikke fra lov om opphavsrett og forpliktelsene ved kontrakt ville "
"ikke nødvendigvis gå til alle som senere kjøpt boken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls \"permissions\"— as "
"if the publisher has the power to control how you use these works. For "
"works under copyright, the copyright owner certainly does have the "
"power—up to the limits of the copyright law. But for work not under "
"copyright, there is no such copyright power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of Middlemarch says I have the permission to copy "
-"only ten text selections into the memory every ten days, what that really "
-"means is that the eBook Reader has enabled the publisher to control how I "
-"use the book on my computer, far beyond the control that the law would "
-"enable."
+"id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> says I have "
+"the permission to copy only ten text selections into the memory every ten "
+"days, what that really means is that the eBook Reader has enabled the "
+"publisher to control how I use the book on my computer, far beyond the "
+"control that the law would enable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The control comes instead from the code—from the technology within "
"hvis du gjør; i stedet, hvis du presse lese høyt knappen med min bok, "
"maskinen bare vil ikke lese høyt."
-#. PAGE BREAK 163
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"These are controls, not permissions. Imagine a world where the Marx Brothers "
-"sold word processing software that, when you tried to type \"Warner Brothers,"
-"\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence."
+"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
+"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
+"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er kontroller, ikke tillatelser. Forestill deg en verden der marx "
"brødrene solgte tekstbehandling programvare som, da du prøvde å skrive inn "
"\"warner brothers,\" slettet \"brødre\" fra setningen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright law as copyright "
-"code. The controls over access to content will not be controls that are "
-"ratified by courts; the controls over access to content will be controls "
-"that are coded by programmers. And whereas the controls that are built into "
-"the law are always to be checked by a judge, the controls that are built "
-"into the technology have no similar built-in check."
+"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright <emphasis>law</"
+"emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The controls over access "
+"to content will not be controls that are ratified by courts; the controls "
+"over access to content will be controls that are coded by programmers. And "
+"whereas the controls that are built into the law are always to be checked by "
+"a judge, the controls that are built into the technology have no similar "
+"built-in check."
msgstr ""
"Dette er fremtiden til lov om opphavsrett: ikke så mye copyright lov som "
"opphavsrett kode. Kontroller over tilgangen til innholdet kan ikke "
"dommer, kontrollene som er innebygd i teknologien har ingen tilsvarende "
"innebygde kontroller."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
"programvaren, men det var trivielle beskyttelse til tap. Hvorfor vil ikke "
"være trivielt å beseire slik beskyttelse også?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
"Vi har bare riper i overflaten av denne historien. gå tilbake til adobe eBok-"
"leser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
"relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
-"Adobe site was a copy of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. This wonderful "
-"book is in the public domain. Yet when you clicked on Permissions for that "
-"book, you got the following report:"
+"Adobe site was a copy of <citetitle>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</"
+"citetitle>. This wonderful book is in the public domain. Yet when you "
+"clicked on Permissions for that book, you got the following report:"
msgstr ""
"tidlig i livet av adobe eBok reader LED adobe et PR mareritt. Blant bøkene "
"som du kan laste ned gratis på adobe siden var en kopi av alice's adventures "
"in wonderland. denne fantastiske boken er offentlig tilgjengelig. ennå når "
"du klikket på tillatelser for boken, fikk du det fulgte rapporten:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"List of the permissions for "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 164
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
"til å låne, ikke lov til å gi og, som \"tillatelser\" angitt, ikke lov til å "
"\"lese høyt\"!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission. For the "
"begrense høyre for foreldre, for eksempel å lese boken til sine barn, som "
"syntes å si mildt, absurd."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
"rettferdig? Adobe ikke svare fordi svaret, men absurde det kan virke, er "
"ingen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
"det mulig for kontroll, og adobe har et insentiv til å forsvare denne "
"kontrollen. dette insentiv er forståelig, men hva som skaper er ofte gal."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
"Hvis du vil se punktet i en spesielt absurd sammenheng, bør du vurdere en "
"favoritt historien om mine som gjør det samme punktet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
msgstr "Aibo robothund"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named \"Aibo.\" The Aibo learns "
"av et rot (i det minste i huset)."
#. PAGE BREAK 165
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
"informasjon om hvordan du lære en aibo å gjøre triks i tillegg til de sony "
"hadde lært det på det området."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Teach\" here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute computers. You "
"pet om hvordan å hacke datamaskinen \"hund\" slik at den gjør nye triks "
"(derfor aibohack.com)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word hack has "
-"a particularly unfriendly connotation. Nonprogrammers hack bushes or weeds. "
-"Nonprogrammers in horror movies do even worse. But to programmers, or "
-"coders, as I call them, hack is a much more positive term. Hack just means "
-"code that enables the program to do something it wasn't originally intended "
-"or enabled to do. If you buy a new printer for an old computer, you might "
-"find the old computer doesn't run, or \"drive,\" the printer. If you "
+"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
+"<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly connotation. "
+"Nonprogrammers hack bushes or weeds. Nonprogrammers in horror movies do even "
+"worse. But to programmers, or coders, as I call them, <citetitle>hack</"
+"citetitle> is a much more positive term. <citetitle>Hack</citetitle> just "
+"means code that enables the program to do something it wasn't originally "
+"intended or enabled to do. If you buy a new printer for an old computer, you "
+"might find the old computer doesn't run, or \"drive,\" the printer. If you "
"discovered that, you'd later be happy to discover a hack on the Net by "
"someone who has written a driver to enable the computer to drive the printer "
"you just bought."
"vil du senere gjerne til å oppdage en hack på nettet av noen som har skrevet "
"en driver for å aktivere datamaskinen til å kjøre skriveren du nettopp kjøpt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
"en viss respekt som går med talent å hacke godt. Det er en velfortjent "
"respekt som går med talent å hacke etisk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
"forvandlet hunden til en mer talentfull skapning enn sony hadde bygget."
#. PAGE BREAK 166
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
"dance jazz. Nor is it a crime to teach your dog to dance jazz. Nor should it "
"be a crime (though we don't have a lot to go on here) to teach your robot "
"dog to dance jazz. Dancing jazz is a completely legal activity. One imagines "
-"that the owner of aibopet.com thought, What possible problem could there be "
-"with teaching a robot dog to dance?"
+"that the owner of aibopet.com thought, <emphasis>What possible problem could "
+"there be with teaching a robot dog to dance?</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg har fortalt denne historien i mange sammenhenger, både i og utenfor USA. "
"Når jeg ble spurt av en rådvill medlem av publikum, er det tillatt for en "
"en bilder at eieren av aibopet.com trodde, hva et mulig problem kan det være "
"med undervisning en robot hunden å danse?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show— not "
"felten stått sin bakken. Han var ikke om å bli mobba til å være stille om "
"noe han visste godt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
msgstr "Elektronisk forpost-stiftelsen (EFF)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Pamela Samuelson, \"Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science,\" "
-"Science 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, \"Play Dead: Sony Muzzles the "
-"Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks,\" American Prospect, January 2002; "
-"\"Court Dismisses Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,\" Intellectual "
-"Property Litigation Reporter, 11 December 2001; Bill Holland, \"Copyright "
-"Act Raising Free-Speech Concerns,\" Billboard, May 2001; Janelle Brown, \"Is "
-"the RIAA Running Scared?\" Salon.com, April 2001; Electronic Frontier "
-"Foundation, \"Frequently Asked Questions about Felten and USENIX v. RIAA "
+"<citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, \"Play "
+"Dead: Sony Muzzles the Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks,\" "
+"<citetitle>American Prospect</citetitle>, January 2002; \"Court Dismisses "
+"Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,\" <citetitle>Intellectual Property "
+"Litigation Reporter</citetitle>, 11 December 2001; Bill Holland, \"Copyright "
+"Act Raising Free-Speech Concerns,\" <citetitle>Billboard</citetitle>, May "
+"2001; Janelle Brown, \"Is the RIAA Running Scared?\" Salon.com, April 2001; "
+"Electronic Frontier Foundation, \"Frequently Asked Questions about "
+"<citetitle>Felten and USENIX</citetitle> v. <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> "
"Legal Case,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#27</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a paper "
"Initiative as a technique to control the distribution of music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
"være del av et \"klarert system\" av kontroll som ville få innholdseiere kan "
"stole på systemet av Internett mye mer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition. In "
"problemer til konsortiet."
#. PAGE BREAK 167
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
"samme svakhet, og felten og teamet hans trodde det verdt å påpeke dette til "
"de som studerer kryptering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United States. "
"av kritikk. at kritikk er sannsynlig, i sin tur til å forbedre systemer "
"eller personer eller idéer kritisert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
"for fleste. men det viste klart svakhetene i sdmi-systemet, og hvorfor sdmi "
"ville ikke, så dag konstituert, lykkes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
"mottatt. aibopet.com mottatt et brev fra sony om det aibopet.com banalisere. "
"Selv om en jazz-dans hunden er helt lovlig, skrev sony:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
"kopibeskyttelse protokollen utgjør et brudd på anti-omgåelse bestemmelsene i "
"digital millennium copyright act."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
"lese:"
#. PAGE BREAK 168
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
"kunne utsettes du og din undersøkelsesgruppen for handlinger under digital "
"millennium copyright act (\"dmca\")."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
"spredningen av informasjon. digital millennium copyright act gjort sprer seg "
"slik informasjon en krenkelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
"response was to find technologies that might compensate. These new "
"technologies would be copyright protection technologies— technologies "
"to control the replication and distribution of copyrighted material. They "
-"were designed as code to modify the original code of the Internet, to "
-"reestablish some protection for copyright owners."
+"were designed as <emphasis>code</emphasis> to modify the original "
+"<emphasis>code</emphasis> of the Internet, to reestablish some protection "
+"for copyright owners."
msgstr ""
"dmca ble vedtatt som en reaksjon på opphavsrett eiernes første frykt om "
"cyberspace. frykt var at opphavsrett kontroll var effektivt død; svaret var "
"utviklet som kode for å endre den opprinnelige koden for Internett, for å "
"gjenopprette noe beskyttelse for eiere av opphavsretter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
-"designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, legal code "
-"intended to buttress software code which itself was intended to support the "
-"legal code of copyright."
+"designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
+"<emphasis>legal code</emphasis> intended to buttress <emphasis>software "
+"code</emphasis> which itself was intended to support the <emphasis>legal "
+"code of copyright</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"dmca var litt av loven som er ment å sikkerhetskopiere beskyttelse av denne "
"koden som er utformet for å beskytte opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale. Det "
"var vi kunne si, Juridisk Lisenstekst ment å buttress programvarekode som "
"selv var ment å støtte Juridisk Lisenstekst av opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
"gjort mulig ved at omgåelse ville ha vært et brudd på opphavsretten."
#. PAGE BREAK 169
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
"av opphavsrettslig materiale var et brudd på opphavsretten. spørsmålet er om "
"et system for opphavsrettsbeskyttelse var omgikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
"selv krenker andres opphavsrett, hans akademiske papir var aktivere andre "
"til å krenke andres opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
"be banned because it was a copyright-infringing technology: It enabled "
"consumers to copy films without the permission of the copyright owner. No "
"doubt there were uses of the technology that were legal: Fred Rogers, aka "
-"\"Mr. Rogers,\" for example, had testified in that case that he wanted "
-"people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood."
+"\"<citetitle>Mr. Rogers</citetitle>,\" for example, had testified in that "
+"case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood."
msgstr ""
"bizarreness av disse argumentene er fanget i en tegneserie tegnet i 1981 av "
"paul conrad. på den tiden, en domstol i california hadde holdt at "
"fall at han ønsket å fremkalle gratis å tape mr. rogers' neighborhood."
#. f23
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, "
-"455 fn. 27 (1984). Rogers never changed his view about the VCR. See James "
-"Lardner, Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the Onslaught of the VCR "
+"<citetitle>Sony Corporation of America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal "
+"City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., 464 U.S. 417, 455 fn. 27 (1984). Rogers "
+"never changed his view about the VCR. See James Lardner, <citetitle>Fast "
+"Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the Onslaught of the VCR</citetitle> "
"(New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), 270–71."
msgstr ""
"Sony corporation of america v. universal city studios, inc., 464 amerikanske "
"james lardner, spole fremover: hollywood, japanske og onslaught av "
"videoopptakeren (new york: w. w. norton, 1987), 27071."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
"\"Neighborhood\" at hours when some children cannot use it. I think that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 170
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
"Selv om det var bruker som var juridiske, fordi det var noen bruksområder "
"som var ulovlig, domstolen holdt selskaper produsere vcr ansvarlig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA."
msgstr ""
"Dette førte conrad å trekke tegneserie nedenfor, som vi kan vedta å dmca."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "No argument I have can top this picture, but let me try to get close."
msgstr ""
"ingen argument jeg har kan topp dette bildet, men la meg prøve å komme nær."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The anticircumvention provisions of the DMCA target copyright circumvention "
"god slutt."
#. PAGE BREAK 171
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A handgun can be used to shoot a police officer or a child. Most would agree "
"bruk ville vært bra. det, også, er en teknologi som har både gode og dårlige "
"bruker."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "VCR/handgun cartoon."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\"></graphic>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The obvious point of Conrad's cartoon is the weirdness of a world where guns "
"are legal, despite the harm they can do, while VCRs (and circumvention "
-"technologies) are illegal. Flash: No one ever died from copyright "
-"circumvention. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies absolutely, "
-"despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits guns, "
-"despite the obvious and tragic harm they do."
+"technologies) are illegal. Flash: <emphasis>No one ever died from copyright "
+"circumvention</emphasis>. Yet the law bans circumvention technologies "
+"absolutely, despite the potential that they might do some good, but permits "
+"guns, despite the obvious and tragic harm they do."
msgstr ""
"den åpenbare punkt conrad's tegneserie er weirdness av en verden der guns er "
"juridisk, til tross for skade som de kan gjøre, mens videospillere (og "
"tross for potensialet som de kan gjøre noe godt, men tillater våpen, til "
"tross for den åpenbare og tragisk skaden de gjør."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Aibo and RIAA examples demonstrate how copyright owners are changing the "
"på rimelig bruk som de innføre gjennom koden. teknologien blir et middel som "
"kan bli slettet fair use; loven av dmca sikkerhetskopierer at sletting."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This is how code becomes law. The controls built into the technology of copy "
-"and access protection become rules the violation of which is also a "
-"violation of the law. In this way, the code extends the law—increasing "
-"its regulation, even if the subject it regulates (activities that would "
-"otherwise plainly constitute fair use) is beyond the reach of the law. Code "
-"becomes law; code extends the law; code thus extends the control that "
-"copyright owners effect—at least for those copyright holders with the "
-"lawyers who can write the nasty letters that Felten and aibopet.com received."
+"This is how <emphasis>code</emphasis> becomes <emphasis>law</emphasis>. The "
+"controls built into the technology of copy and access protection become "
+"rules the violation of which is also a violation of the law. In this way, "
+"the code extends the law—increasing its regulation, even if the "
+"subject it regulates (activities that would otherwise plainly constitute "
+"fair use) is beyond the reach of the law. Code becomes law; code extends the "
+"law; code thus extends the control that copyright owners effect—at "
+"least for those copyright holders with the lawyers who can write the nasty "
+"letters that Felten and aibopet.com received."
msgstr ""
"Dette er hvordan koden blir lov. Kontroller som er innebygd i teknologien "
"for kopiering og tilgang beskyttelse bli regler bryter som er også et brudd "
"de innehaverne av opphavsrett med advokater som kan skrive ekkel bokstavene "
"som felten og aibopet.com som er mottatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is one final aspect of the interaction between architecture and law "
"identiteten til de som bryter reglene."
#. f24
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, \"Legal Fictions, "
-"Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,\" Loyola of Los Angeles "
-"Entertainment Law Journal 17 (1997): 651."
+"Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,\" <citetitle>Loyola of Los "
+"Angeles Entertainment Law Journal</citetitle> 17 (1997): 651."
msgstr ""
"for en tidlig og forutseende analyse, kan du se rebecca tushnet, \"legal-"
"fictions, copyright, fanfiction og en ny felles lov,\" loyola av los angeles "
"underholdning law journal 17 (1997): 651."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"For example, imagine you were part of a Star Trek fan club. You gathered "
-"every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of fan fiction about "
-"the show. One person would play Spock, another, Captain Kirk. The characters "
-"would begin with a plot from a real story, then simply continue it."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"For example, imagine you were part of a <citetitle>Star Trek</citetitle> fan "
+"club. You gathered every month to share trivia, and maybe to enact a kind of "
+"fan fiction about the show. One person would play Spock, another, Captain "
+"Kirk. The characters would begin with a plot from a real story, then simply "
+"
continue it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before the Internet, this was, in effect, a totally unregulated activity. "
"av vår kultur. du ble tillatt å bygge videre på det som du selv ønsker, uten "
"frykt for juridisk kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But if you moved your club onto the Internet, and made it generally "
"opphavsrett er ekstremt effektiv. straffene er alvorlige, og prosessen er "
"rask."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This change in the effective force of the law is caused by a change in the "
"utstede billetter basert på dataene du har overført. det vil si, hva som "
"skjer her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Market: Concentration"
msgstr "Marked: Konsentrasjon"
#. PAGE BREAK 173
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So copyright's duration has increased dramatically—tripled in the past "
"omfanget av regjeringens kontroll over innovasjon og kreativitet; det ville "
"være helt ugjenkjennelige til de som fødte copyright's kontroll."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Still, in my view, all of these changes would not matter much if it weren't "
"godt forstått. Det er den som oppretter nettopp grunnen til å være bekymret "
"for alle andre endringer jeg har beskrevet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the change in the concentration and integration of the media. In "
"år vil vi lever i en verden der bare tre selskaper kontrollere mer enn "
"prosent av media."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"These changes are of two sorts: the scope of concentration, and its nature."
msgstr ""
"Det er her to sorter endringer: omfanget av konsentrasjon, og dens natur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "BMG"
msgstr "BMG"
#. f25
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"FCC Oversight: Hearing Before the Senate Commerce, Science and "
"108th cong., 1 sess. (22 mai 2003) (setning av senator john mccain)."
#. f26
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lynette Holloway, \"Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to Slide,\" "
-"New York Times, 23 December 2002."
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
msgstr ""
"lynette holloway, \"til tross for en markedsføring blitz cd salg fortsette å "
"skyve,\" new york times, 23 desember 2002."
#. f27
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Molly Ivins, \"Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,\" Charleston Gazette, 31 "
-"May 2003."
+"Molly Ivins, \"Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,\" <citetitle>Charleston "
+"Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
msgstr ""
"Molly ivins, \"media konsolidering må stoppes,\" charleston gazette, 31 kan "
"2003."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "McCain, John"
+msgstr "McCain, John"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, \"five "
"BMG, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and EMI control 84.8 "
"percent of the U.S. music market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
"The \"five largest cable companies pipe programming to 74 percent of the "
-"cable subscribers nationwide.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"cable subscribers nationwide.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 174
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The story with radio is even more dramatic. Before deregulation, the "
"nation's largest radio broadcasting conglomerate owned fewer than seventy-"
-"five stations. Today one company owns more than 1,200 stations. During that "
-"period of consolidation, the total number of radio owners dropped by 34 "
-"percent. Today, in most markets, the two largest broadcasters control 74 "
-"percent of that market's revenues. Overall, just four companies control 90 "
-"percent of the nation's radio advertising revenues."
+"five stations. Today <emphasis>one</emphasis> company owns more than 1,200 "
+"stations. During that period of consolidation, the total number of radio "
+"owners dropped by 34 percent. Today, in most markets, the two largest "
+"broadcasters control 74 percent of that market's revenues. Overall, just "
+"four companies control 90 percent of the nation's radio advertising revenues."
msgstr ""
"historien med radio er enda mer dramatisk. før dereguleringen, landets "
"største radio sendinger konglomerat eid færre enn sytti-fem stasjoner. i dag "
"markedet inntekter. Total, bare fire selskaper styre 90 prosent av landets "
"radio annonsering inntekter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Newspaper ownership is becoming more concentrated as well. Today, there are "
"Dette er et marked langt fra fri presse underskrev søkt å beskytte. Det er "
"faktisk et marked som er svært godt beskyttet—av markedet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fallows, James"
msgstr "Fallows, James"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Concentration in size alone is one thing. The more invidious change is in "
"natur at konsentrasjon. som forfatter james fallows sette den i en fersk "
"artikkel om rupert murdoch,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (September 2003): "
+#| "89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (September 2003): "
-"89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
+"
citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" Atlantic Monthly (september 2003): "
"89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Murdoch's companies now constitute a production system unmatched in its "
"integration. They supply content—Fox movies . . . Fox TV shows . . . "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The pattern with Murdoch is the pattern of modern media. Not just large "
"uttak av media som mulig. et bilde beskriver bedre enn tusen ord kunne gjøre "
"dette mønsteret:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid "Pattern of modern media ownership."
msgstr "Mønster for moderne mediaeierskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
msgstr "<graphic fileref=\"images/1761.png\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 175
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Does this concentration matter? Will it affect what is made, or what is "
"distributed? Or is it merely a more efficient way to produce and distribute "
"content?"
msgstr ""
-"har denne konsentrasjonen saken? vil det påvirke hva er gjort, eller hva er "
-"distribuert? eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
+"Betyr denne konsentrasjonen noe? Påvirker det hva som blir laget, eller hva "
+"som blir distribuert? Eller er det bare en mer effektiv måte å produsere og "
"distribuere innhold?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"My view was that concentration wouldn't matter. I thought it was nothing "
"more than a more efficient financial structure. But now, after reading and "
"listening to a barrage of creators try to convince me to the contrary, I am "
"beginning to change my mind."
msgstr ""
-"Jeg var at konsentrasjon ikke ville saken. Jeg trodde det var ingenting mer "
-"enn en mer effektive økonomiske strukturen. men nå, etter at lese og lytte "
-"til en barrage av skaperne prøver å overbevise meg om det motsatte, jeg "
-"begynner å endre meg sinn."
+"Mitt syn var at konsentrasjonen ikke betød noe. Jeg tenkte det ikke var noe "
+"mer enn en mer effektiv finansiell struktur. Men nå, etter å ha lest og "
+"hørt på en haug av skapere prøve å overbevise meg om det motsatte, har jeg "
+"begynt å endre mening."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Here's a representative story that begins to suggest how this integration "
"may matter."
msgstr ""
-"Her er en representant historie som begynner å foreslå hvordan denne "
-"integreringen kan saken."
+"Her er en representativ historie som kan foreslå hvorfor denne integreringen "
+"er viktig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Lear, Norman"
msgstr "Lear, Norman"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "All in the Family"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for All in the Family. He took the "
-"pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It was too edgy, they told Lear. "
-"Make it again. Lear made a second pilot, more edgy than the first. ABC was "
-"exasperated. You're missing the point, they told Lear. We wanted less edgy, "
-"not more."
+"In 1969, Norman Lear created a pilot for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
+"citetitle>. He took the pilot to ABC. The network didn't like it. It was too "
+"edgy, they told Lear. Make it again. Lear made a second pilot, more edgy "
+"than the first. ABC was exasperated. You're missing the point, they told "
+"Lear. We wanted less edgy, not more."
msgstr ""
-"i 1969, norman lear opprettet en pilot for alle i familien. Han tok piloten "
-"til abc. nettverket liker ikke det. Det var også irritabel, fortalte de "
-"lear. gjøre det igjen. Lear gjort en andre pilot, mer irritabel enn først. "
-"ABC var exasperated. du mangler punktet, fortalte de lear. Vi ønsket mindre "
-"irritabel, ikke mer."
+"I 1969 laget Norman Lear en polit for <citetitle>All in the Family</"
+"citetitle>. Han tok piloten til ABC, og nettverket likte det ikke. Da sa "
+"til Lear at det var for på kanten. Gjør det om igjen. Lear lagde piloten på "
+"nytt, mer på kanten enn den første. ABC ble fra seg. Du får ikke med deg "
+"poenget, fortalte de Lear. Vi vil ha det mindre på kanten, ikke mer."
#. f29
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Leonard Hill, \"The Axis of Access,\" remarks before Weidenbaum Center "
"Forum, \"Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,\" St. Louis, Missouri, "
"notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Rather than comply, Lear simply took the show elsewhere. CBS was happy to "
"have the series; ABC could not stop Lear from walking. The copyrights that "
"Lear held assured an independence from network control.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"I stedet for å føye seg, to Lear ganske enkelt serien sin til noen andre. "
+"CBS var glad for å ha seriene, og ABC kunne ikke stoppe Lear fra å gå til "
+"andre. Opphavsretten som Lear hadde sikret uavhengighet fra nettverk-"
+"kontroll.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 176
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The network did not control those copyrights because the law forbade the "
"\"uavhengige\" av nettverk."
#. f30
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"NewsCorp./DirecTV Merger and Media Consolidation: Hearings on Media "
"Ownership Before the Senate Commerce Committee, 108th Cong., 1st sess. "
"Hearing, Richmond, Virginia, 27 February 2003."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence. After "
"that change, the networks quickly changed the balance. In 1985, there were "
"decreased 63%.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Today, another Norman Lear with another All in the Family would find that he "
-"had the choice either to make the show less edgy or to be fired: The content "
-"of any show developed for a network is increasingly owned by the network."
+"Today, another Norman Lear with another <citetitle>All in the Family</"
+"citetitle> would find that he had the choice either to make the show less "
+"edgy or to be fired: The content of any show developed for a network is "
+"increasingly owned by the network."
msgstr ""
"i dag, en annen norman lear med en annen alle i familien ville finne at han "
"måtte velge å gjøre showet mindre irritabel eller sparken: innholdet i et "
"hvilket som helst Vis utviklet for et nettverk er i økende grad eid av "
"nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Diller, Barry"
+msgstr "Diller, Barry"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Moyers, Bill"
+msgstr "Moyers, Bill"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While the number of channels has increased dramatically, the ownership of "
"those channels has narrowed to an ever smaller and smaller few. As Barry "
-"Diller said to Bill Moyers,"
+"Diller said to Bill Moyers, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"mens antall kanaler har økt dramatisk, har eierskap av disse kanalene "
"begrenses til en stadig mindre og mindre få. som barry diller sa til bill "
"moyers,"
#. f32
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 "
+#| "April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+#| "\">link #76</ulink>."
msgid ""
-"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" Now with Bill Moyers, Bill "
-"Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
+"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
+"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"For eksempel, se, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
+"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#76</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Well, if you have companies that produce, that finance, that air on their "
"channel and then distribute worldwide everything that goes through their "
"you have less than a handful.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This narrowing has an effect on what is produced. The product of such large "
"kritiske, forskjellige visninger er ødela. Dette er ikke miljø for et "
"demokrati."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Clark, Kim B."
msgstr "Clark, Kim B."
#. f33
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary National "
-"Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do Business (Cambridge: Harvard Business "
-"School Press, 1997). Christensen acknowledges that the idea was first "
-"suggested by Dean Kim Clark. See Kim B. Clark, \"The Interaction of Design "
-"Hierarchies and Market Concepts in Technological Evolution,\" Research "
-"Policy 14 (1985): 235–51. For a more recent study, see Richard Foster "
-"and Sarah Kaplan, Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to Last "
-"Underperform the Market—and How to Successfully Transform Them (New "
-"York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001)."
+"Clayton M. Christensen, <citetitle>The Innovator's Dilemma: The "
+"Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do Business</"
+"citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1997). Christensen "
+"acknowledges that the idea was first suggested by Dean Kim Clark. See Kim B. "
+"Clark, \"The Interaction of Design Hierarchies and Market Concepts in "
+"Technological Evolution,\" <citetitle>Research Policy</citetitle> 14 (1985): "
+"235–51. For a more recent study, see Richard Foster and Sarah Kaplan, "
+"<citetitle>Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to Last "
+"Underperform the Market—and How to Successfully Transform Them</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the \"Innovator's "
"little sprinting. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media market to say "
"hva konsentrasjon og integrering vil gjøre. effektiviteten er viktig, og "
"effekten på kultur er vanskelig å måle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is a quintessentially obvious example that does strongly suggest "
"the concern."
msgstr "men det er en typiske åpenbare eksempel som sterkt at bekymringen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to the copyright wars, we're in the middle of the drug wars. "
"og sivile domstolene er fylt med konsekvensene av denne kampen."
#. PAGE BREAK 178
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let me hereby disqualify myself from any possible appointment to any "
"redusert narkotikabruk av amerikanerne kunne muligens oppveier disse "
"kostnadene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You may not be convinced. That's fine. We live in a democracy, and it is "
"avhengig fundamentalt pressen for å informere amerikanerne om disse "
"problemene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
"av første. til slutt, den første mann forandrer mening (Hei, det er TV). "
"pluggen på slutten er en damning angrep på pro-legalization kampanjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fair enough. It's a good ad. Not terribly misleading. It delivers its "
"Fair nok. Det er en god annonse. ikke veldig misvisende. Det gir sin melding "
"godt. Det er en rettferdig og rimelig melding."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But let's say you think it is a wrong message, and you'd like to run a "
"stoffet krigen. kan du gjøre det?"
#. PAGE BREAK 179
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, obviously, these ads cost lots of money. Assume you raise the money. "
"for å hjelpe deg å få budskapet. kan du være sikker på at meldingen vil "
"deretter bli hørt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Comcast"
+msgstr "Comcast"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Marijuana Policy Project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "WJOA"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
"directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
"collected fees. Interview with Neal Levine, 15 October 2003. These "
"restrictions are, of course, not limited to drug policy. See, for example, "
"Nat Ives, \"On the Issue of an Iraq War, Advocacy Ads Meet with Rejection "
-"from TV Networks,\" New York Times, 13 March 2003, C4. Outside of election-"
-"related air time there is very little that the FCC or the courts are willing "
-"to do to even the playing field. For a general overview, see Rhonda Brown, "
-"\"Ad Hoc Access: The Regulation of Editorial Advertising on Television and "
-"Radio,\" Yale Law and Policy Review 6 (1988): 449–79, and for a more "
-"recent summary of the stance of the FCC and the courts, see Radio-Television "
-"News Directors Association v. FCC, 184 F. 3d 872 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Municipal "
-"authorities exercise the same authority as the networks. In a recent example "
-"from San Francisco, the San Francisco transit authority rejected an ad that "
-"criticized its Muni diesel buses. Phillip Matier and Andrew Ross, "
-"\"Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects Ad,\" SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. "
-"The ground was that the criticism was \"too controversial.\" <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+"from TV Networks,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 13 March 2003, "
+"C4. Outside of election-related air time there is very little that the FCC "
+"or the courts are willing to do to even the playing field. For a general "
+"overview, see Rhonda Brown, \"Ad Hoc Access: The Regulation of Editorial "
+"Advertising on Television and Radio,\" <citetitle>Yale Law and Policy "
+"Review</citetitle> 6 (1988): 449–79, and for a more recent summary of "
+"the stance of the FCC and the courts, see <citetitle>Radio-Television News "
+"Directors Association</citetitle> v. <citetitle>FCC</citetitle>, 184 F. 3d "
+"872 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Municipal authorities exercise the same authority as "
+"the networks. In a recent example from San Francisco, the San Francisco "
+"transit authority rejected an ad that criticized its Muni diesel buses. "
+"Phillip Matier and Andrew Ross, \"Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects "
+"Ad,\" SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that the criticism was "
+"\"too controversial.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
"\"controversial\" ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I'd be happy to defend the networks' rights, as well—if we lived in a "
"der bare en noen kommer til å bestemme hvilke problemer med resten av oss få "
"vite om."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Together"
msgstr "Sammen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
"Anarkisten kan uenige."
#. PAGE BREAK 180
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when we see how dramatically this \"property\" has changed— when "
"fundamentalt endres frihet i denne kulturen til å dyrke og bygge på vår "
"fortid, så må vi spørre om denne egenskapen skal defineres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Not starkly. Or absolutely. My point is not that we should abolish copyright "
"copyright eller gå tilbake til 1700-tallet. det ville være en totalt feil, "
"katastrofalt for de viktigste kreative bedriftene i vår kultur i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is a space between zero and one, Internet culture "
"for å gjenopprette balansen som tradisjonelt har definert copyright's "
"regulering—en svekkelse av den reguleringen, å styrke kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright law has not been a rock of Gibraltar. It's not a set of constant "
"as the technologies of distribution and creation have changed and as "
"lobbyists have pushed for more control by copyright holders. Changes in the "
"past in response to changes in technology suggest that we may well need "
-"similar changes in the future. And these changes have to be reductions in "
-"the scope of copyright, in response to the extraordinary increase in control "
-"that technology and the market enable."
+"similar changes in the future. And these changes have to be "
+"<emphasis>reductions</emphasis> in the scope of copyright, in response to "
+"the extraordinary increase in control that technology and the market enable."
msgstr ""
"lov om opphavsrett har ikke vært en rock of gibraltar. Det er ikke et sett "
"med konstant forpliktelser gir at for noen mystisk grunn, tenåringer og "
"teknologi og markedet aktivere."
#. PAGE BREAK 181
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the single point that is lost in this war on pirates is a point that we "
"see only after surveying the range of these changes. When you add together "
"the effect of changing law, concentrated markets, and changing technology, "
-"together they produce an astonishing conclusion: Never in our history have "
-"fewer had a legal right to control more of the development of our culture "
-"than now."
+"together they produce an astonishing conclusion: <emphasis>Never in our "
+"history have fewer had a legal right to control more of the development of "
+"our culture than now</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"for enkeltpunkt som er tapt i denne krigen mot pirater er et punkt som vi "
"ser bare etter kartlegging på rekke disse endringene. Når du legger sammen "
"færre hadde en lovfestet rett til å styre flere av utviklingen av vår kultur "
"enn nå."
-#. f35
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his \"four surrenders\" of "
-"copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159–60."
+"copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159–60. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Siva vaidhyanathan registrerer en liknende punktet i sin \"fire etableres\" "
-"om opphavsrett i den digitale tidsalderen. se vaidhyanathan, 15960."
+"Siva Vaidhyanathan fanger et lignende poeng i hans \"fire kapitulasjoner\" "
+"for opphavsrettsloven i den digitale tidsalder. Se Vaidhyanathan, "
+"159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Not when copyrights were perpetual, for when copyrights were perpetual, they "
"affected only that precise creative work. Not when only publishers had the "
"tools to publish, for the market then was much more diverse. Not when there "
"were only three television networks, for even then, newspapers, film "
"studios, radio stations, and publishers were independent of the networks. "
-"Never has copyright protected such a wide range of rights, against as broad "
-"a range of actors, for a term that was remotely as long. This form of "
-"regulation—a tiny regulation of a tiny part of the creative energy of "
-"a nation at the founding—is now a massive regulation of the overall "
-"creative process. Law plus technology plus the market now interact to turn "
-"this historically benign regulation into the most significant regulation of "
-"culture that our free society has known.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"<emphasis>Never</emphasis> has copyright protected such a wide range of "
+"rights, against as broad a range of actors, for a term that was remotely as "
+"long. This form of regulation—a tiny regulation of a tiny part of the "
+"creative energy of a nation at the founding—is now a massive "
+"regulation of the overall creative process. Law plus technology plus the "
+"market now interact to turn this historically benign regulation into the "
+"most significant regulation of culture that our free society has known."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "This has been a long chapter. Its point can now be briefly stated."
msgstr "Dette har vært en lang kapittel. sitt punkt kan nå kort oppgis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the start of this book, I distinguished between commercial and "
"Fjern tilordning av endringene som har gjennomgått en lov om opphavsrett. i "
"1790, loven så ut som dette:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "PUBLISH"
msgstr "Publiser"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "TRANSFORM"
msgstr "transformere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Commercial"
msgstr "Kommersiell"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "©"
msgstr "©"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Free"
msgstr "Fri"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "Noncommercial"
msgstr "Ikke-kommersiell"
#. PAGE BREAK 182
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The act of publishing a map, chart, and book was regulated by copyright law. "
"kommersielt ville registrere, kopiere gjennom publisering av ikke-"
"kommersielt arbeid var også gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "By the end of the nineteenth century, the law had changed to this:"
msgstr "ved slutten av det nittende århundre, hadde loven endres til dette:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Derivative works were now regulated by copyright law—if published, "
"kommersielt. men ikke-kommersiell publisering og transformasjon var fortsatt "
"hovedsakelig gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1909 the law changed to regulate copies, not publishing, and after this "
"kunne som fotokopiering maskiner ble mer vanlig, vi si loven begynte å se "
"slik ut:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "COPY"
msgstr "Kopier"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><table><tgroup><tbody><row><entry>
msgid "©/Free"
msgstr "©/Fri"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law was interpreted to reach noncommercial copying through, say, copy "
"sammenheng med en digital network, betyr at loven nå ser slik ut:"
#. PAGE BREAK 183
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Every realm is governed by copyright law, whereas before most creativity was "
"eller ikke, transformative eller ikke – med de samme reglene som er utformet "
"for å regulere kommersielle utgivere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Obviously, copyright law is not the enemy. The enemy is regulation that does "
"virker ikke godt. Så spørsmålet som vi bør spørre akkurat nå er enten utvide "
"forskrifter om opphavsrett i hver av disse domenene faktisk gjør noe bra."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I have no doubt that it does good in regulating commercial copying. But I "
"bli opprettet hvis avledede rettigheter ble mer kraftig begrenset."
#. f36
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
"to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
"and private interests. See Thomas C. Grey, \"The Disintegration of Property,"
-"\" in Nomos XXII: Property, J. Roland Pennock and John W. Chapman, eds. "
-"(New York: New York University Press, 1980)."
+"\" in <citetitle>Nomos XXII: Property</citetitle>, J. Roland Pennock and "
+"John W. Chapman, eds. (New York: New York University Press, 1980)."
msgstr ""
"Det var enkelt viktigste bidrag av juridiske realist-bevegelse for å "
"demonstrere at alle eiendomsrettigheter alltid er laget for å balansere "
"eiendom,\" i nomos xxii: eiendom, j. roland pennock og john w. Chapman, Red. "
"(new york: new york university press, 1980)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
"copyright is a kind of \"property,\" and of course, as with any property, "
"need to give authors and artists incentives with the equally important need "
"to assure access to creative work. This balance has always been struck in "
"light of new technologies. And for almost half of our tradition, the "
-"\"copyright\" did not control at all the freedom of others to build upon or "
-"transform a creative work. American culture was born free, and for almost "
-"180 years our country consistently protected a vibrant and rich free culture."
+"\"copyright\" did not control <emphasis>at all</emphasis> the freedom of "
+"others to build upon or transform a creative work. American culture was born "
+"free, and for almost 180 years our country consistently protected a vibrant "
+"and rich free culture."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 184
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
"fri kultur er svært forskjellig fra ekstremistgrupper visjonen som dominerer "
"debatten i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Free culture is increasingly the casualty in this war on piracy. In response "
"muligheten til å opprette og transformere blir svekket i en verden der "
"oppretting krever tillatelse og kreativitet må kontrollere med en advokat."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "PUZZLES"
msgstr "Nøtter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ELEVEN: Chimera"
msgstr "Kapittel elleve: Chimera"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chimeras"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Wells, H. G."
msgstr "Wells, H. G."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid ""Country of the Blind, The" (Wells)"
msgstr ""
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, The "
-"Country of the Blind and Other Stories, Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: "
-"Oxford University Press, 1996)."
+"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, "
+"<citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, Michael "
+"Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
msgstr ""
"h. g. wells, \"land for blind\" (1904, 1911). se h. g. wells, landet av "
"blind og andre historier, michael sherborne, ed. (new york: oxford "
"university press, 1996)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In a well-known short story by H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez "
"trips (literally, down an ice slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in "
"life as a king."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
"to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are \"blind.\" "
-"They don't have the word blind. They think he's just thick. Indeed, as they "
-"increasingly notice the things he can't do (hear the sound of grass being "
-"stepped on, for example), they increasingly try to control him. He, in turn, "
-"becomes increasingly frustrated. \"`You don't understand,' he cried, in a "
-"voice that was meant to be great and resolute, and which broke. `You are "
-"blind and I can see. Leave me alone!'\""
+"They don't have the word <citetitle>blind</citetitle>. They think he's just "
+"thick. Indeed, as they increasingly notice the things he can't do (hear the "
+"sound of grass being stepped on, for example), they increasingly try to "
+"control him. He, in turn, becomes increasingly frustrated. \"`You don't "
+"understand,' he cried, in a voice that was meant to be great and resolute, "
+"and which broke. `You are blind and I can see. Leave me alone!'\""
msgstr ""
"ting går ikke helt som han har planlagt. han prøver å forklare idéen om "
"synet til landsbyboere. de forstår ikke. Han forteller dem at de er \"blind."
"være! \"\""
#. PAGE BREAK 187
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
"overbærenhet.\" \"hun ikke tro,\" brønner forteller oss, og \"hun kunne bare "
"halvparten forstår, men hun var mysteriously glad.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his \"mysteriously delighted\" "
"instruerer, \"han er en idiot. Han har delusions. han kan ikke gjøre noe "
"høyre. \"de tar nunez til landsbyen legen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. \"His brain is "
"etter en forsiktig eksamen gir legen sin mening. \"hans hjernen er berørt,\" "
"rapporterer han."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"What affects it?\" the father asks. \"Those queer things that are called "
"\"hva påvirker det?\" spør Faderen. \"de skeiv ting som kalles øynene... er "
"sykelig... på en måte som påvirker hans hjernen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The doctor continues: \"I think I may say with reasonable certainty that in "
"operasjon – nemlig å fjerne disse irriterende organer [øynene].\""
#. PAGE BREAK 188
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Thank Heaven for science!\" says the father to the doctor. They inform "
"muligheten er en underused tomten for mordet mysteriene. \"men dna viser med "
"100 prosent sikkerhet at hun ikke var personen med blod ble på scenen....\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Before I had read about chimeras, I would have said they were impossible. A "
"chimera). vår forståelse av en \"person\" skal gjenspeile denne "
"virkeligheten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
"relevante henseender, akkurat som hva hver executive i hver innspilling "
"selskapet uten tvil gjorde som en unge: deling av musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
"vi har ikke alltid vært tillatt å dele musikk med \"våre ti tusen beste "
"venner.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Likewise, when the other side says, \"File sharing is just like walking into "
"a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with it,\" "
"that's true, at least in part. If, after Lyle Lovett (finally) releases a "
"new album, rather than buying it, I go to Kazaa and find a free copy to "
-"take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower."
+"take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"på samme måte når den andre siden, sier, \"fildeling er akkurat som å vandre "
"inn i en tower records og tar en cd av sokkelen og vandre ut med det,\" som "
"kopi til å ta, det er veldig mye som å stjele en kopi fra tårnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 189
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it is not quite stealing from Tower. After all, when I take a CD from "
"california lov, i det minste er $1000. Ifølge riaa, derimot, er hvis jeg "
"dataoverføre en ti-sang-cd, jeg ansvarlig for $1,500,000 i skader.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not that it is as neither side describes. The point is that it "
"for å begynne å tenke på hvordan vi skal reagere på denne chimera. hvilke "
"regler bør styre det?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berman, Howard L."
msgstr "Berman, Howard L."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For an excellent summary, see the report prepared by GartnerG2 and the "
"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, \"Copyright "
"Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) have introduced a bill "
"that would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a felony offense with "
"punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; see Jon Healey, "
-"\"House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,\" Los Angeles Times, 17 July 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #34</ulink>. "
-"Civil penalties are currently set at $150,000 per copied song. For a recent "
-"(and unsuccessful) legal challenge to the RIAA's demand that an ISP reveal "
-"the identity of a user accused of sharing more than 600 songs through a "
-"family computer, see RIAA v. Verizon Internet Services (In re. Verizon "
-"Internet Services), 240 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). Such a user could "
-"face liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such astronomical figures "
-"furnish the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its prosecution of file sharers. "
+"\"House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,\" <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</"
+"citetitle>, 17 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #34</ulink>. Civil penalties are currently set at $150,000 per "
+"copied song. For a recent (and unsuccessful) legal challenge to the RIAA's "
+"demand that an ISP reveal the identity of a user accused of sharing more "
+"than 600 songs through a family computer, see <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Verizon Internet Services (In re. Verizon Internet Services)</"
+"citetitle>, 240 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). Such a user could face "
+"liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such astronomical figures furnish "
+"the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its prosecution of file sharers. "
"Settlements ranging from $12,000 to $17,500 for four students accused of "
"heavy file sharing on university networks must have seemed a mere pittance "
"next to the $98 billion the RIAA could seek should the matter proceed to "
"\">link #35</ulink>. For an example of the RIAA's targeting of student file "
"sharing, and of the subpoenas issued to universities to reveal student file-"
"sharer identities, see James Collins, \"RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT "
-"to Name Students,\" Boston Globe, 8 August 2003, D3, available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"to Name Students,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, D3, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We could respond by simply pretending that it is not a chimera. We could, "
"with the RIAA, decide that every act of file sharing should be a felony. We "
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, we could respond to file sharing the way many kids act as "
"tilgjengelig på nettet. gjøre fildeling som sladder: regulert, hvis i det "
"hele tatt, av sosiale normer, men ikke av loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Either response is possible. I think either would be a mistake. Rather than "
"recognizes the truth in both. And while I end this book with a sketch of a "
"system that does just that, my aim in the next chapter is to show just how "
"awful it would be for us to adopt the zero-tolerance extreme. I believe "
-"either extreme would be worse than a reasonable alternative. But I believe "
-"the zero-tolerance solution would be the worse of the two extremes."
+"<emphasis>either</emphasis> extreme would be worse than a reasonable "
+"alternative. But I believe the zero-tolerance solution would be the worse "
+"of the two extremes."
msgstr ""
"enten svar er mulig. Jeg tror enten ville være feil. i stedet for å omfavne "
"en av disse to ytterpunktene, bør vi omfavne noe som gjenkjenner sannheten i "
"løsningen ville være verre av to ytterpunktene."
#. PAGE BREAK 190
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet zero tolerance is increasingly our government's policy. In the middle of "
"aldri har hatt før. og i denne ekstremisme, mange en mulighet for ny "
"innovasjon og nye kreativitet går tapt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to \"steal\" music. My "
"innovators sette emusic.com, det når kritiserer dmca ekstra beskyttelse for "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"eMusic opposes music piracy. We are a distributor of copyrighted material, "
"eMusic motsetter musikk piratkopiering. Vi er distributør av "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet materiale, og vi ønsker å beskytte disse rettighetene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But building a technology fortress that locks in the clout of the major "
"annen industri-modell."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"WIPO and the DMCA One Year Later: Assessing Consumer Access to Digital "
"global offentlig politikk og standarder, emusic.com), tilgjengelig i lexis, "
"føderale dokumentet å fjerne huset Kongressens vitnesbyrd fil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"This is a critical point. The choices that industry sectors make with "
"respect to these systems will in many ways directly shape the market for "
"everyone's interests.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Vivendi Universal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of \"the "
-"major labels.\" Its position on these matters has now changed."
+"major labels.\" Its position on these matters has now changed. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"i april 2001, ble emusic.com kjøpt av vivendi universal, en av \"den store "
"etiketter.\" posisjonen på disse sakene er nå endret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Reversing our tradition of tolerance now will not merely quash piracy. It "
"ofre verdier som er viktig for denne kulturen og vil drepe muligheter som "
"kan være svært verdifull."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER TWELVE: Harms"
msgstr "Kapittel tolv: Skader"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To fight \"piracy,\" to protect \"property,\" the content industry has "
"direkte og sikkerhetsstillelse skade. som med noen krig av forbudet, vil "
"disse skader bli rammet mest av våre egne folk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
"denne beskrivelsen av konsekvenser til et argument. er denne krigen "
"rettferdiggjøres?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
"første gang, loven skal forsvare gamle mot den nye, bare når strømmen av "
"egenskap kalt \"intellectual property\" er på sitt største i vår historie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet \"common sense\" does not see it this way. Common sense is still on the "
"\"piratkopiering\" har fortsatt spille."
#. PAGE BREAK 193
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There will be many consequences of continuing this war. I want to describe "
"første beskytte moderne rcas, men det er ingen howard armstrong i vingene å "
"bekjempe dagens monopolists kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Constraining Creators"
msgstr "Begrensende skaperne"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the next ten years we will see an explosion of digital technologies. "
"Mashup—av sanger fra dine favoritt artister i en collage og gjøre den "
"tilgjengelig på nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This digital \"capturing and sharing\" is in part an extension of the "
"til kultur rundt."
#. PAGE BREAK 194
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Technology has thus given us an opportunity to do something with culture "
"that has only ever been possible for individuals in small groups, isolated "
"samling med naboer i en liten landsby. Forestill deg så den samme "
"historiefortellingen utvidet til å nå over hele verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet all this is possible only if the activity is presumptively legal. In the "
"over Internett. men som loven er nå laget, dette arbeidet er presumptively "
"ugyldig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Worldcom"
msgstr "Worldcom"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Lynne W. Jeter, Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at WorldCom (Hoboken, "
-"N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; for details of the settlement, "
-"see MCI press release, \"MCI Wins U.S. District Court Approval for SEC "
-"Settlement\" (7 July 2003), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #37</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
+"WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
+"for details of the settlement, see MCI press release, \"MCI Wins U.S. "
+"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement\" (7 July 2003), available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bush, George W."
msgstr "Bush, George W."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
"House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"That presumption will increasingly chill creativity, as the examples of "
"extreme penalties for vague infringements continue to proliferate. It is "
msgstr ""
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-msgid ""
-"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" Wired, 7 July 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. "
-"For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 "
+#| "November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+#| "\">link #8</ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "
+#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
+msgid ""
+"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
+"citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"Se Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4. november "
+"2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
+"ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
"penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
"is critical or reflective."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Part of the reason for this fear of illegality has to do with the changing "
"sendt en liste over sanger som du har spilt i personvernet til din egen "
"hjemmeside som noen kunne tune inn uansett grunn de valgte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Never in our history has a painter had to worry about whether his painting "
"kulturelle: ikoner; retten til å dyrke og forvandle dem er ikke på samme "
"måte gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Lawyers rarely see this because lawyers are rarely empirical. As I described "
"regulerer slik bruk."
#. PAGE BREAK 196
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But fair use in America simply means the right to hire a lawyer to defend "
"juridisk system utholdelig for de svært rike. for alle andre er det en "
"forlegenhet til en tradisjon som prides seg på rettssikkerhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
"og disse reglene har lite i forhold til \"loven\" med hvilken dommere trøste "
"seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For in a world that threatens $150,000 for a single willful infringement of "
"tar en studert blindhet for folk å fortsette å tro de bor i en kultur som er "
"gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "As Jed Horovitz, the businessman behind Video Pipeline, said to me,"
msgstr "som jed horovitz, forretningsmann bak video rørledning, sa til meg,"
#. PAGE BREAK 197
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We're losing [creative] opportunities right and left. Creative people are "
"skal ikke engang få det på pbs uten den typen tillatelse. Det er poenget som "
"de kontrollen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Constraining Innovators"
msgstr "Begrensende innovators"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The story of the last section was a crunchy-lefty story—creativity "
"kritisk til hva synes å være omtrent alt. og hvis du tror at du kanskje tror "
"det er lite i denne historien å bekymre deg over."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there's an aspect of this story that is not lefty in any sense. Indeed, "
"\"fritt marked\" hvert sted som jeg har omtalt \"gratis kultur.\" poenget er "
"det samme, selv om interesser som påvirker kultur er mer grunnleggende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The charge I've been making about the regulation of culture is the same "
"regulering aktiverer bare de kraftige industriene i dag for å beskytte seg "
"mot konkurrenter i morgen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Barry, Hank"
msgstr "Barry, Hank"
#. PAGE BREAK 198
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the single most dramatic effect of the shift in regulatory strategy "
"ceo hank barry kaller en \"kjernefysisk pall\" som har falt over dalen—"
"har blitt lært."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Consider one example to make the point, a story whose beginning I told in "
-"The Future of Ideas and which has progressed in a way that even I (pessimist "
-"extraordinaire) would never have predicted."
+"<citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> and which has progressed in a way "
+"that even I (pessimist extraordinaire) would never have predicted."
msgstr ""
"vurdere ett eksempel for å gjøre punktet, en historie som begynnelsen jeg "
"fortalt i fremtiden for idéer og som har kommet i en måte at selv jeg "
"(pessimist extraordinaire) ville aldri ha forutsett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1997, Michael Roberts launched a company called MP3.com. MP3.com was "
"en arena for å distribuere sine kreativitet, uten å kreve en eksklusiv "
"engasjement fra skaperne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To make this system work, however, MP3.com needed a reliable way to "
"recommend music to its users. The idea behind this alternative was to "
"leverage the revealed preferences of music listeners to recommend new "
"artists. If you like Lyle Lovett, you're likely to enjoy Bonnie Raitt. And "
-"so on."
+"so on. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Hvis du vil gjøre dette systemet fungerer, men trengte mp3.com en pålitelig "
"måte å anbefale musikk til sine brukere. idéen bak denne alternative var å "
"Hvis du liker lyle lovett, sannsynligvis du til å nyte bonnie raitt. og så "
"videre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This idea required a simple way to gather data about user preferences. MP3."
"com came up with an extraordinarily clever way to gather this preference "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 199
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt some could use this system to illegally copy content. But that "
"innholdet de allerede eid, til å oppdage hva slags innhold som brukerne "
"likte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To make this system function, however, MP3.com needed to copy 50,000 CDs to "
"dette var 50 000 eksemplarer, det var 50,000 kopier som er rettet mot å gi "
"kunder noe de hadde allerede kjøpt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Nine days after MP3.com launched its service, the five major labels, headed "
"saksøker, vivendi universal, betaler over $54 millioner. Vivendi kjøpt mp3."
"com omtrent et år senere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid "That part of the story I have told before. Now consider its conclusion."
msgstr "Den delen av historien har jeg fortalt før. Nå kommer konklusjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After Vivendi purchased MP3.com, Vivendi turned around and filed a "
"krevde."
#. PAGE BREAK 200
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The clear purpose of this lawsuit (which was settled for an unspecified "
"amount shortly after the story was no longer covered in the press) was to "
"også du. Så de av dere som tror loven burde være mindre restriktiv bør "
"innse at et slikt syn på loven vil koste deg og ditt firma dyrt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Hummer, John"
msgstr "Hummer, John"
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Joseph Menn, \"Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,\" Los Angeles Times, "
-"23 April 2003. For a parallel argument about the effects on innovation in "
-"the distribution of music, see Janelle Brown, \"The Music Revolution Will "
-"Not Be Digitized,\" Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #42</ulink>. See also Jon Healey, \"Online "
-"Music Services Besieged,\" Los Angeles Times, 28 May 2001."
+"See Joseph Menn, \"Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,\" <citetitle>Los "
+"Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel argument about the "
+"effects on innovation in the distribution of music, see Janelle Brown, \"The "
+"Music Revolution Will Not Be Digitized,\" Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #42</ulink>. See also "
+"Jon Healey, \"Online Music Services Besieged,\" <citetitle>Los Angeles "
+"Times</citetitle>, 28 May 2001."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This strategy is not just limited to the lawyers. In April 2003, Universal "
"and EMI brought a lawsuit against Hummer Winblad, the venture capital firm "
"in the marketplace, but in the courtroom as well. Your investment buys you "
"not only a company, it also buys you a lawsuit. So extreme has the "
"environment become that even car manufacturers are afraid of technologies "
-"that touch content. In an article in Business 2.0, Rafe Needleman describes "
-"a discussion with BMW:"
+"that touch content. In an article in <citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, "
+"Rafe Needleman describes a discussion with BMW:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><indexterm><primary>
msgid "BMW"
msgstr "BMW"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Needleman, Rafe"
msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16 June "
+#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
+#| "ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. "
+#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16 June 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. "
-"I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
+"citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this "
+"example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" Business 2.0, 16. juni 2003, "
"tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</"
"ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot for dette eksemplet. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"I asked why, with all the storage capacity and computer power in the car, "
"there was no way to play MP3 files. I was told that BMW engineers in Germany "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is the world of the mafia—filled with \"your money or your life\" "
"offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats that the law "
"selskap. Det blir helt umulig hvis selskapet er stadig truet av søksmål."
#. PAGE BREAK 201
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
"kontrolleres av denne usikker og ubegrenset ansvar, har vi mye mindre "
"levende innovasjon og mye mindre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair use. "
"å produsere en overregulatedregulated markedet."
#. PAGE BREAK 202
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The building of a permission culture, rather than a free culture, is the "
"innhold for å bruke loven til å regulere direkte teknologi på Internett slik "
"at det bedre beskytter innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
"sier, vi bør bryte kneecaps av Internett."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" GartnerG2 and the "
"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School (2003), "
msgstr ""
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "GartnerG2, 26–27."
msgstr "gartnerg2, 2627."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The examples of this form of legislation are many. At the urging of the "
"content industry, some in Congress have threatened legislation that would "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 203
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In one sense, these solutions seem sensible. If the problem is the code, why "
"trolig være eclipsed av fremskritt rundt akkurat disse kravene."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See David McGuire, \"Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,\" Newsbytes, "
"se david mcguire, \"tech execs torget off over piratkopiering,\" newsbytes, "
"februar 2002 (underholdning)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"In March 2002, a broad coalition of technology companies, led by Intel, "
"tried to get Congress to see the harm that such legislation would impose."
"should not do more harm than good."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is one more obvious way in which this war has harmed innovation—"
"Det er en tydeligere måte der denne krigen har skadet innovasjon - igjen, en "
"historie som vil være ganske kjent for fritt marked publikum."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright may be property, but like all property, it is also a form of "
"gjøres riktig, det fordeler skaperne og skader leeches. Når gjort galt, det "
"er regulering kraftig bruk å beseire konkurrenter."
-#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Jessica Litman, Digital Copyright (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2001)."
+"Jessica Litman, <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle> (Amherst, N.Y.: "
+"Prometheus Books, 2001). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jessica litman, digitale copyright (amherst, n.y.: prometheus bøker, 2001)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As I described in chapter 10, despite this feature of copyright as "
"regulation, and subject to important qualifications outlined by Jessica "
-"Litman in her book Digital Copyright,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
-"> overall this history of copyright is not bad. As chapter 10 details, when "
-"new technologies have come along, Congress has struck a balance to assure "
-"that the new is protected from the old. Compulsory, or statutory, licenses "
-"have been one part of that strategy. Free use (as in the case of the VCR) "
-"has been another."
+"Litman in her book <citetitle>Digital Copyright</citetitle>,<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> overall this history of copyright is not bad. "
+"As chapter 10 details, when new technologies have come along, Congress has "
+"struck a balance to assure that the new is protected from the old. "
+"Compulsory, or statutory, licenses have been one part of that strategy. Free "
+"use (as in the case of the VCR) has been another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But that pattern of deference to new technologies has now changed with the "
"av smothering ny for å dra nytte av gamle."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"The only circuit court exception is found in Recording Industry Association "
-"of America (RIAA) v. Diamond Multimedia Systems, 180 F. 3d 1072 (9th Cir. "
-"1999). There the court of appeals for the Ninth Circuit reasoned that makers "
-"of a portable MP3 player were not liable for contributory copyright "
-"infringement for a device that is unable to record or redistribute music (a "
-"device whose only copying function is to render portable a music file "
-"already stored on a user's hard drive). At the district court level, the "
-"only exception is found in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, "
-"Ltd., 259 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (C.D. Cal., 2003), where the court found the "
-"link between the distributor and any given user's conduct too attenuated to "
-"make the distributor liable for contributory or vicarious infringement "
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"The only circuit court exception is found in <citetitle>Recording Industry "
+"Association of America (RIAA)</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Diamond Multimedia "
+"Systems</citetitle>, 180 F. 3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999). There the court of "
+"appeals for the Ninth Circuit reasoned that makers of a portable MP3 player "
+"were not liable for contributory copyright infringement for a device that is "
+"unable to record or redistribute music (a device whose only copying function "
+"is to render portable a music file already stored on a user's hard drive). "
+"At the district court level, the only exception is found in <citetitle>Metro-"
+"Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Grokster, Ltd</"
+"citetitle>., 259 F. Supp. 2d 1029 (C.D. Cal., 2003), where the court found "
+"the link between the distributor and any given user's conduct too attenuated "
+"to make the distributor liable for contributory or vicarious infringement "
"liability."
msgstr ""
"Det eneste unntaket fra circuit court er funnet i innspillingen industry "
"gjennomføre for attenuated å gjøre distributøren ansvarlig for krenkelse av "
"medvirkende eller stedfortredende erstatningsansvar."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For example, in July 2002, Representative Howard Berman introduced the Peer-"
"to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act (H.R. 5211), which would immunize copyright "
"#44</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The response by the courts has been fairly universal.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It has been mirrored in the responses threatened and "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 204
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I described in chapter 4, when a radio station plays a song, the "
"eierne av \"happy birthday\" ville få noen penger, mens marilyn monroe ville "
"ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reasoning behind this balance struck by Congress makes some sense. The "
"ganske god til å stoppe enhver innsats for å få Kongressen til å kreve "
"kompensasjon for artistene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
"san francisco, selv om det er ingen måte for meg å stille inn på en vanlig "
"radiostasjon langt utover san francisco metropolitan area."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This feature of the architecture of Internet radio means that there are "
"millioner brukere over hele verden stilt inn på denne nye formen for radio."
#. PAGE BREAK 205
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Internet radio is thus to radio what FM was to AM. It is an improvement "
"for å aktivere fm-radio,"
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Lessing, 239."
msgstr "Lessing, 239."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"An almost unlimited number of FM stations was possible in the shortwaves, "
"thus ending the unnatural restrictions imposed on radio in the crowded "
msgstr ""
#. f13.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid., 229."
msgstr "ibid., 229."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This potential for FM radio was never realized—not because Armstrong "
"was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing technology."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now the very same claim could be made about Internet radio. For again, there "
"hvilke opphavsrett regler ville styre Internett-radio?"
#. PAGE BREAK 206
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But here the power of the lobbyists is reversed. Internet radio is a new "
"for Internet radio than the rule that applies to terrestrial radio. While "
"terrestrial radio does not have to pay our hypothetical Marilyn Monroe when "
"it plays her hypothetical recording of \"Happy Birthday\" on the air, "
-"Internet radio does. Not only is the law not neutral toward Internet "
-"radio—the law actually burdens Internet radio more than it burdens "
-"terrestrial radio."
+"<emphasis>Internet radio does</emphasis>. Not only is the law not neutral "
+"toward Internet radio—the law actually burdens Internet radio more "
+"than it burdens terrestrial radio."
msgstr ""
"men her kraften i lobbyister tilbakeføres. Internett-radio er en ny "
"industri. artister, derimot, har en svært kraftig lobby, riaa. dermed hadde "
"nøytral mot Internett-radio—loven faktisk byrder Internettradio mer "
"enn det byrder bakkesendte radio."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CARP (Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"This example was derived from fees set by the original Copyright Arbitration "
"Royalty Panel (CARP) proceedings, and is drawn from an example offered by "
"Recordings, Docket No. 2000-9, CARP DTRA 1 and 2, available at <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #45</ulink>. For an excellent "
"analysis making a similar point, see Randal C. Picker, \"Copyright as Entry "
-"Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,\" Antitrust Bulletin (Summer/Fall "
-"2002): 461: \"This was not confusion, these are just old-fashioned entry "
-"barriers. Analog radio stations are protected from digital entrants, "
-"reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, this is done in the name of "
-"getting royalties to copyright holders, but, absent the play of powerful "
-"interests, that could have been done in a media-neutral way.\" <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,\" <citetitle>Antitrust Bulletin</"
+"citetitle> (Summer/Fall 2002): 461: \"This was not confusion, these are just "
+"old-fashioned entry barriers. Analog radio stations are protected from "
+"digital entrants, reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, this is done "
+"in the name of getting royalties to copyright holders, but, absent the play "
+"of powerful interests, that could have been done in a media-neutral way.\" "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This financial burden is not slight. As Harvard law professor William Fisher "
"estimates, if an Internet radio station distributed adfree popular music to "
"broadcasting the same content would pay no equivalent fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The burden is not financial only. Under the original rules that were "
-"proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
-"would have to collect the following data from every listening transaction:"
+"proposed, an Internet radio station (but not a terrestrial radio station) "
+"would have to collect the following data from <emphasis>every listening "
+"transaction</emphasis>:"
msgstr ""
"byrden er ikke økonomiske bare. under de opprinnelige reglene som ble "
"foreslått, Internett-radiostasjonen (men ikke en terrestriske radiostasjon) "
"ville ha til å samle inn følgende data fra hver lytting transaksjon:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "name of the service;"
msgstr "navnet på tjenesten,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "channel of the program (AM/FM stations use station ID);"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "type of program (archived/looped/live);"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date of transmission;"
msgstr "dato for overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time of transmission;"
msgstr "tidspunktet for overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time zone of origination of transmission;"
msgstr "tidssonen til opprinnelse av overføring;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"numeric designation of the place of the sound recording within the program;"
msgstr "numeriske angivelsen av i stedet for lydopptak programmet;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "duration of transmission (to nearest second);"
msgstr "varigheten av overføring (til nærmeste sekund):"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "sound recording title;"
msgstr "Lydinnspilling-tittel;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "ISRC code of the recording;"
msgstr "ISRC-koden på opptaket;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"release year of the album per copyright notice and in the case of "
"gi år av albumet per opphavsrett og når det gjelder samlealbum, utgivelsesår "
"av albumet og kopi høyre datoen for spor;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "featured recording artist;"
msgstr "anbefalte Plateartist;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "retail album title;"
msgstr "detaljhandel albumtittel;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "recording label;"
msgstr "plateselskap;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "UPC code of the retail album;"
msgstr "UPC koden for selge i detalj albumet;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "catalog number;"
msgstr "katalognummer;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "copyright owner information;"
msgstr "opphavsrettsinnehaveren informasjon;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "musical genre of the channel or program (station format);"
msgstr "musikksjanger av kanal eller -programmet (stasjon format);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "name of the service or entity;"
msgstr "navnet på tjenesten eller selskap;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "channel or program;"
msgstr "kanal eller program;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date and time that the user logged in (in the user's time zone);"
msgstr "datoen og klokkeslettet da brukeren logget på (i brukerens tidssone);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "date and time that the user logged out (in the user's time zone);"
msgstr "datoen og klokkeslettet da brukeren logget ut (i brukerens tidssone);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "time zone where the signal was received (user);"
msgstr "tidssone der signalet ble mottatt (bruker);"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Unique User identifier;"
msgstr "unik bruker identifikator;"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "the country in which the user received the transmissions."
msgstr "landet som brukeren mottok sendinger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Librarian of Congress eventually suspended these reporting requirements, "
"pending further study. And he also changed the original rates set by the "
"arbitration panel charged with setting rates. But the basic difference "
"between Internet radio and terrestrial radio remains: Internet radio has to "
-"pay a type of copyright fee that terrestrial radio does not."
+"pay a <emphasis>type of copyright fee</emphasis> that terrestrial radio does "
+"not."
msgstr ""
"bibliotekaren til Kongressen stoppet til slutt disse rapportering krav, "
"ventende videre studium. og han endret også de opprinnelige prisene ved "
"forskjellen mellom Internett-radio og bakkesendte radio gjenstår: Internett "
"radio har å betale en type opphavsrett gebyr som bakkesendte radio ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why? What justifies this difference? Was there any study of the economic "
"økonomiske konsekvensene fra Internett-radio som ville forsvare disse "
"forskjellene? var motivet å beskytte kunstnere mot piratkopiering?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In a rare bit of candor, one RIAA expert admitted what seemed obvious to "
"networks, meg:"
#. PAGE BREAK 208
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The RIAA, which was representing the record labels, presented some testimony "
"etablere markedet rate, og hvis du angir satsen så høyt, du kommer til å "
"drive små webcasters ut av business.... \""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And the RIAA experts said, \"Well, we don't really model this as an industry "
-"with thousands of webcasters, we think it should be an industry with, you "
-"know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate and it's a stable, "
-"predictable market.\" (Emphasis added.)"
+"with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an industry "
+"with, you know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate and it's a "
+"stable, predictable market</emphasis>.\" (Emphasis added.)"
msgstr ""
"og riaa eksperter sa, \"Vel, vi ikke virkelig modell dette som industri med "
"tusenvis av webcasters, vi tror det bør være en bransje med, du vet, fem "
"eller sju store spillere som kan betale en høy hastighet, og det er en "
"stabil, forutsigbar marked.\" (vekt legges)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Translation: The aim is to use the law to eliminate competition, so that "
"praktisk talt ingen, enten til høyre eller venstre, som gjør noe effektivt "
"for å hindre den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Corrupting Citizens"
msgstr "ødelegge borgere"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Overregulation stifles creativity. It smothers innovation. It gives "
"dinosaurer vetorett over fremtiden. det avfall ekstraordinær mulighet for en "
"demokratisk kreativitet som digital teknologi gjør det mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to these important harms, there is one more that was important "
"rettssikkerhet."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, \"The Music Downloading Deluge,\" Pew Internet "
"and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 209
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The war that is being waged today is a war of prohibition. As with every war "
"of prohibition, it is targeted against the behavior of a very large number "
-"of citizens. According to The New York Times, 43 million Americans "
-"downloaded music in May 2002.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"According to the RIAA, the behavior of those 43 million Americans is a "
-"felony. We thus have a set of rules that transform 20 percent of America "
-"into criminals. As the RIAA launches lawsuits against not only the Napsters "
-"and Kazaas of the world, but against students building search engines, and "
-"increasingly against ordinary users downloading content, the technologies "
-"for sharing will advance to further protect and hide illegal use. It is an "
-"arms race or a civil war, with the extremes of one side inviting a more "
-"extreme response by the other."
+"of citizens. According to <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, 43 "
+"million Americans downloaded music in May 2002.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> According to the RIAA, the behavior of those 43 million "
+"Americans is a felony. We thus have a set of rules that transform 20 percent "
+"of America into criminals. As the RIAA launches lawsuits against not only "
+"the Napsters and Kazaas of the world, but against students building search "
+"engines, and increasingly against ordinary users downloading content, the "
+"technologies for sharing will advance to further protect and hide illegal "
+"use. It is an arms race or a civil war, with the extremes of one side "
+"inviting a more extreme response by the other."
msgstr ""
#. f16.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Alex Pham, \"The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,\" Los "
-"Angeles Times, 10 September 2003, Business."
+"Alex Pham, \"The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,\" "
+"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, Business."
msgstr ""
"Alex pham, \"etikettene streik tilbake: ny jente settles riaa tilfelle,\" "
"los angeles times, 10 september 2003, business."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The content industry's tactics exploit the failings of the American legal "
"system. When the RIAA brought suit against Jesse Jordan, it knew that in "
msgstr ""
#. f17.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, \"Alcohol Consumption During "
-"Prohibition,\" American Economic Review 81, no. 2 (1991): 242."
+"Prohibition,\" <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, no. 2 "
+"(1991): 242."
msgstr ""
"Jeffrey a. miron og jeffrey zwiebel, \"alkoholforbruk under forbudstiden,\" "
"amerikanske økonomiske anmeldelse 81, no. 2 (1991): 242."
#. f18.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"National Drug Control Policy: Hearing Before the House Government Reform "
"direktør for nasjonale narkotikapolitikken kontroll)."
#. f19.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, \"Tax Compliance,\" "
-"Journal of Economic Literature 36 (1998): 818 (survey of compliance "
-"literature)."
+"<citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 (1998): 818 (survey "
+"of compliance literature)."
msgstr ""
"se james andreoni, brian Eberhard og jonathon feinstein, \"skatt samsvar,\" "
"journal av økonomiske litteratur 36 (1998): 818 (undersøkelse av samsvar "
"litteratur)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Wars of prohibition are nothing new in America. This one is just something "
"more extreme than anything we've seen before. We experimented with alcohol "
"result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
"liv både normalt og lovlig, siden \"normalt\" innebærer en viss grad av "
"illegality."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The response to this general illegality is either to enforce the law more "
"vurdere alternativet."
#. PAGE BREAK 211
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point is not the idiotic one: Just because people violate a law, we "
"mening, siden drap er galt hver dag i uken. et samfunn er rett å utestenge "
"drap alltid og overalt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point is instead one that democracies understood for generations, but "
"alder siden Internett innført denne annen idé om \"deling.\" vi trenger å "
"kunne ringe disse fem millioner amerikanere \"borgere,\" ikke \"felons\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When at least forty-three million citizens download content from the "
"felons? betyr det fornuftig hvis det finnes andre måter å sikre at artister "
"får betalt uten å transformere Amerika til en nasjon av felons?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "This abstract point can be made more clear with a particular example."
msgstr "Denne abstrakte punkt kan gjøres mer tydelig med en bestemt eksempel."
#. PAGE BREAK 212
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We all own CDs. Many of us still own phonograph records. These pieces of "
"opphavsrett for meg å selge min klassisk poster på en brukte platebutikk og "
"kjøpe jazz poster hvis du vil erstatte dem. \"Bruk\" av opptak er gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
"foreslå at \"friheten\" var en rett: i en rekke reklamefilmer, apple "
"godkjent \"rip, mikse, brenne\" kapasiteter digitale teknologier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Adromeda"
msgstr "Adromeda"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This \"use\" of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a large "
"uavhengig verdifull. samlinger av sanger er kreative og meningsfull i egen "
"rett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This use is enabled by unprotected media—either CDs or records. But "
"identifisere rippede innhold på folks maskiner."
#. PAGE BREAK 213
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If these technologies took off, then the building of large archives of your "
"plast eller var del av en svært kompleks \"digital rights management\" "
"systemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the only way to assure that artists get paid were the elimination of the "
"andre ord, et annet system kan forsikre kompensasjon til kunstnere samtidig "
"som du beholder også bevege innhold lett?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My point just now is not to prove that there is such a system. I offer a "
"med andre ord, ville ikke være mellom eiendom og piratkopiering; valget "
"ville være mellom forskjellige eiendom systemer og frihetene hver tillatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I believe there is a way to assure that artists are paid without turning "
"ikke lenger utøve denne ekstreme av kontroll. de ville heller gå veien for "
"hest trukket buggy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Except that this generation's buggy manufacturers have already saddled "
"konkurranse. for dem er valget mellom fortythree millioner amerikanere som "
"kriminelle og deres egen overlevelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is understandable why they choose as they do. It is not understandable "
"prosentandel av befolkningen i kriminelle.\" Dette er sikkerhetsstillelse "
"skader på borgerrettigheter vanligvis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "von Lohmann, Fred"
+msgstr "von Lohmann, Fred"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann explains,"
+"\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann explains, "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatte lawbreaker,\" forklarer von sang,"
+"\"Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter,\" forklarer von "
+"Lohmann, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"then all of a sudden a lot of basic civil liberty protections evaporate to "
"å slå en bemerkelsesverdig prosent av den amerikanske internett-bruker "
"befolkningen i \"lawbreakers.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And the consequence of this transformation of the American public into "
"til kriminelle er at den blir triviell, som et spørsmål om grunn prosessen "
"til å effektivt viske ut mye av personvernet mest ville anta."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Users of the Internet began to see this generally in 2003 as the RIAA "
"det hele tatt, er identiteten til en Internett-bruker avslørt."
#. f20.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in "
-"Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 "
-"September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, \"Worried Parents Pull Plug on File "
-"`Stealing'; With the Music Industry Cracking Down on File Swapping, Parents "
-"are Yanking Software from Home PCs to Avoid Being Sued,\" Orlando Sentinel "
-"Tribune, 30 August 2003, C1; Jefferson Graham, \"Recording Industry Sues "
-"Parents,\" USA Today, 15 September 2003, 4D; John Schwartz, \"She Says She's "
-"No Music Pirate. No Snoop Fan, Either,\" New York Times, 25 September 2003, "
-"C1; Margo Varadi, \"Is Brianna a Criminal?\" Toronto Star, 18 September "
-"2003, P7."
+"Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington "
+"Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, \"Worried Parents Pull "
+"Plug on File `Stealing'; With the Music Industry Cracking Down on File "
+"Swapping, Parents are Yanking Software from Home PCs to Avoid Being Sued,\" "
+"<citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</citetitle>, 30 August 2003, C1; "
+"Jefferson Graham, \"Recording Industry Sues Parents,\" <citetitle>USA Today</"
+"citetitle>, 15 September 2003, 4D; John Schwartz, \"She Says She's No Music "
+"Pirate. No Snoop Fan, Either,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 25 "
+"September 2003, C1; Margo Varadi, \"Is Brianna a Criminal?\" "
+"<citetitle>Toronto Star</citetitle>, 18 September 2003, P7."
msgstr ""
"se frank ahrens, \"riaa's søksmål møte overrasket over mål; enkelt mor i "
"California, 12-år gammel jente i ny blant saksøkte,\"washington post, 10 "
"2003, c1; Margo varadi, \"er brianna en kriminell?\" toronto star, 18 "
"september 2003, p7."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The RIAA then expanded this campaign, by announcing a general strategy to "
"sue individual users of the Internet who are alleged to have downloaded "
msgstr ""
#. f21.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See \"Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses Some "
"Methods Used,\" CNN.com, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Even this understates the espionage that is being waged by the RIAA. A "
"report from CNN late last summer described a strategy the RIAA had adopted "
msgstr ""
#. f22.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
-msgid ""
-"See Jeff Adler, \"Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,\" Boston "
-"Globe, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; Frank Ahrens, \"Four Students Sued over "
-"Music Sites; Industry Group Targets File Sharing at Colleges,\" Washington "
-"Post, 4 April 2003, E1; Elizabeth Armstrong, \"Students `Rip, Mix, Burn' at "
-"Their Own Risk,\" Christian Science Monitor, 2 September 2003, 20; Robert "
-"Becker and Angela Rozas, \"Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; Two Students "
-"Names Are Handed Over; Lawsuit Possible,\" Chicago Tribune, 16 July 2003, "
-"1C; Beth Cox, \"RIAA Trains Antipiracy Guns on Universities,\" Internet "
-"News, 30 January 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #48</ulink>; Benny Evangelista, \"Download Warning 101: "
-"Freshman Orientation This Fall to Include Record Industry Warnings Against "
-"File Sharing,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 11 August 2003, E11; \"Raid, "
-"Letters Are Weapons at Universities,\" USA Today, 26 September 2000, 3D."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
+msgid ""
+"See Jeff Adler, \"Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,\" "
+"<citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; Frank "
+"Ahrens, \"Four Students Sued over Music Sites; Industry Group Targets File "
+"Sharing at Colleges,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 4 April 2003, "
+"E1; Elizabeth Armstrong, \"Students `Rip, Mix, Burn' at Their Own Risk,\" "
+"<citetitle>Christian Science Monitor</citetitle>, 2 September 2003, 20; "
+"Robert Becker and Angela Rozas, \"Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; Two "
+"Students Names Are Handed Over; Lawsuit Possible,\" <citetitle>Chicago "
+"Tribune</citetitle>, 16 July 2003, 1C; Beth Cox, \"RIAA Trains Antipiracy "
+"Guns on Universities,\" <citetitle>Internet News</citetitle>, 30 January "
+"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #48</"
+"ulink>; Benny Evangelista, \"Download Warning 101: Freshman Orientation This "
+"Fall to Include Record Industry Warnings Against File Sharing,\" "
+"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 11 August 2003, E11; \"Raid, "
+"Letters Are Weapons at Universities,\" <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 26 "
+"September 2000, 3D."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"So imagine the following not-implausible scenario: Imagine a friend gives a "
"CD to your daughter—a collection of songs just like the cassettes you "
"expelled."
msgstr ""
-#. PAGE BREAK 216
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now, of course, she'll have the right to defend herself. You can hire a "
"university might not believe her. It might treat this \"contraband\" as "
"presumptive of guilt. And as any number of college students have already "
"learned, our presumptions about innocence disappear in the middle of wars of "
-"prohibition. This war is no different. Says von Lohmann,"
+"prohibition. This war is no different. Says von Lohmann, <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"nå, selvfølgelig, hun vil ha rett til å forsvare seg selv. Du kan leie en "
"advokat for henne (på $300 per time, hvis du er heldig), og hun kan erkjenne "
"uskyld forsvinne i midten av krigene om forbud. denne krigen er ikke "
"annerledes. sier von sang,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So when we're talking about numbers like forty to sixty million Americans "
"glatt skråning å miste mye av borgerrettigheter for alle førti til seksti "
"millioner av dem."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered \"criminals\" under the "
"våre egne folk eller en felles innsats gjennom vårt demokrati for å endre "
"vår lov?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "BALANCES"
msgstr "Maktfordeling"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"So here's the picture: You're standing at the side of the road. Your car is "
"on fire. You are angry and upset because in part you helped start the fire. "
"Now you don't know how to put it out. Next to you is a bucket, filled with "
"gasoline. Obviously, gasoline won't put the fire out."
msgstr ""
-"så her er bildet: du står på siden av veien. bilen er på brann. du er sint "
-"og lei fordi delvis du hjalp starte til brann. nå vet du hvordan du setter "
-"det. siden du er en bøtte, fylt med bensin. åpenbart, bensin vil ikke sette "
-"brann ut."
+"Så her er bildet: Du står på siden av veien. Bilen din er på brann. Du er "
+"sint og opprørt fordi du delvis bidro til å starte brannen. Nå vet du ikke "
+"hvordan du slokker den. Ved siden av deg er en bøtte, fylt med bensin. "
+"Bensin vil åpenbart ikke slukke brannen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"As you ponder the mess, someone else comes along. In a panic, she grabs the "
"bucket. Before you have a chance to tell her to stop—or before she "
"gasoline is about to hit the blazing car. And the fire that gasoline will "
"ignite is about to ignite everything around."
msgstr ""
-"som du tenke rotet, kommer noen andre. i en panikk griper hun bøtte. før du "
-"har en sjanse til å fortelle henne til å slutte— eller før hun forstår "
-"bare hvorfor hun bør stoppe—bøtte er i luften. til bensin er om å "
-"treffe Lynrask bilen. og brann som bensin vil antennes er om å antennes alt "
-"rundt."
+"Mens du tenker over situasjonen, kommer noen andre forbi. I panikk griper "
+"hun bøtta, og før du har hatt sjansen til å be henne stoppe—eller før "
+"hun forstår hvorfor hun bør stoppe—er bøtten i svevet. Bensinen er på "
+"tur mot den brennende bilen. Og brannen som bensinen kommer til å fyre opp "
+"vil straks sette fyr på alt i omgivelsene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"A war about copyright rages all around—and we're all focusing on the "
"wrong thing. No doubt, current technologies threaten existing businesses. "
"themselves against the current threats of the Internet. This is a fire that "
"if let alone would burn itself out."
msgstr ""
-"en krig om opphavsrett rages rundt— og vi alle fokuserer på feil. "
-"ingen tvil, truer aktuell teknologi eksisterende virksomheter. de kan uten "
-"tvil True kunstnere. men teknologier endre. næringen og Teknologorganisasjon "
-"har masse av veier å bruke teknologi for å beskytte seg mot gjeldende "
-"trusler på Internett. Dette er en brann at hvis enn si ville brenne seg."
+"En krig om opphavsrett pågår over alt— og vi fokuserer alle på feil "
+"ting. Det er ingen tvil om at dagens teknologier truer eksisterende "
+"virksomheter. Uten tvil kan de true artister. Men teknologier endrer seg. "
+"Industrien og teknologer har en rekke måter å bruke teknologi til å beskytte "
+"dem selv mot dagens trusler på Internet. Dette er en brann som overlatt til "
+"seg selv vil brenne ut."
#. PAGE BREAK 219
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Yet policy makers are not willing to leave this fire to itself. Primed with "
"plenty of lobbyists' money, they are keen to intervene to eliminate the "
"this culture faces. For while we watch this small fire in the corner, there "
"is a massive change in the way culture is made that is happening all around."
msgstr ""
-"beslutningstakere er ennå ikke villige til å forlate denne brann til seg "
-"selv. primed med masse lobbyister penger, er de opptatt av å intervenere for "
-"å eliminere problemet de oppfatter. men problemet de oppfatter er ikke den "
-"virkelige trusselen denne kulturen står overfor. for mens vi se denne liten "
-"brann i hjørnet, det er massiv gjøres en endring i måten kultur som skjer "
-"rundt."
+"Likevel er ikke besluttningstagere villig til å la denne brannen i fred. "
+"Ladet med masse penger fra lobbyister er de lystne på å gå i mellom for å "
+"fjerne problemet slik de oppfatter det. Men problemet slik de oppfatter det "
+"er ikke den reelle trusselen som denne kulturen står med ansiktet mot. For "
+"mens vi ser på denne lille brannen i hjørnet er det en massiv endring i "
+"hvordan kultur blir skapt som pågår over alt. "
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Somehow we have to find a way to turn attention to this more important and "
"fundamental issue. Somehow we have to find a way to avoid pouring gasoline "
"onto this fire."
msgstr ""
-"noe har vi å finne en måte å slå oppmerksomhet til dette mer viktig og "
-"grunnleggende problemet. noe har vi å finne en måte å unngå pouring bensin "
-"bort på denne brann."
+"På en eller annen måte må vi klare å snu oppmerksomheten mot dette mer "
+"viktige og fundametale problemet. Vi må finne en måte å unngå å helle "
+"bensin på denne brannen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"We have not found that way yet. Instead, we seem trapped in a simpler, "
"binary view. However much many people push to frame this debate more "
"broadly, it is the simple, binary view that remains. We rubberneck to look "
"at the fire when we should be keeping our eyes on the road."
msgstr ""
-"Vi har ikke funnet den måten ennå. i stedet synes vi fanget i en enklere, "
-"binære visning. men mye mange folk skyve for å ramme denne debatten mer "
-"forstand, det er den enkle, binære visningen som gjenstår. Vi rubberneck for "
-"å se på ilden når vi skal holde våre øyne på veien."
+"Vi har ikke funne denne måten ennå. Istedet synes vi å være fanget i en "
+"enklere og sort-hvit tenkning. Uansett hvor mange folk som presser på for å "
+"gjøre rammen for debatten litt bredere, er det dette enkle sort-hvit-synet "
+"som består. Vi kjører sakte forbi og stirrer på brannen når vi i stedet "
+"burde holde øynene på veien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This challenge has been my life these last few years. It has also been my "
"failure. In the two chapters that follow, I describe one small brace of "
"efforts, so far failed, to find a way to refocus this debate. We must "
"understand these failures if we're to understand what success will require."
msgstr ""
-"denne utfordringen har vært livet disse siste årene. Det har også vært min "
-"feil. i to kapitlene som følger, beskriver jeg en liten klammeparentes av "
-"innsats, så langt ikke klart, å finne en måte å refokusere denne debatten. "
-"Hvis vi å forstå hva suksess vil kreve, må vi forstå disse feil."
+"Denne utfordringen har vært livet mitt de siste årene. Det har også vært "
+"min falitt. I de to neste kapittlene, beskriver jeg en liten innsats, så "
+"langt uten suksess, på å finne en måte å endre fokus på denne debatten. Vi "
+"må forstå disse mislyktede forsøkene hvis vi skal forstå hva som kreves for "
+"å lykkes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Eldred"
msgstr "Kapittel tretten: Eldred"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In 1995, a father was frustrated that his daughters didn't seem to like "
"koblinger til bilder og forklarende tekst, ville gjøre av 1800-tallet "
"forfatterens arbeid blir levende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It didn't work—at least for his daughters. They didn't find Hawthorne "
"skanning disse verkene og gjøre dem tilgjengelig gratis."
#. PAGE BREAK 221
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred's library was not simply a copy of certain public domain works, "
"eldred transformert hawthorne, og mange andre, til et skjema som er mer "
"tilgjengelig—teknisk tilgjengelig—i dag."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred's freedom to do this with Hawthorne's work grew from the same source "
-"as Disney's. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter had passed into the public domain in "
-"1907. It was free for anyone to take without the permission of the Hawthorne "
-"estate or anyone else. Some, such as Dover Press and Penguin Classics, take "
-"works from the public domain and produce printed editions, which they sell "
-"in bookstores across the country. Others, such as Disney, take these stories "
-"and turn them into animated cartoons, sometimes successfully (Cinderella), "
-"sometimes not (The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Treasure Planet). These are all "
-"commercial publications of public domain works."
+"as Disney's. Hawthorne's <citetitle>Scarlet Letter</citetitle> had passed "
+"into the public domain in 1907. It was free for anyone to take without the "
+"permission of the Hawthorne estate or anyone else. Some, such as Dover Press "
+"and Penguin Classics, take works from the public domain and produce printed "
+"editions, which they sell in bookstores across the country. Others, such as "
+"Disney, take these stories and turn them into animated cartoons, sometimes "
+"successfully (<citetitle>Cinderella</citetitle>), sometimes not "
+"(<citetitle>The Hunchback of Notre Dame</citetitle>, <citetitle>Treasure "
+"Planet</citetitle>). These are all commercial publications of public domain "
+"works."
msgstr ""
"eldred's frihet til å gjøre dette med hawthorne's arbeid vokste fra den "
"samme kilden som disney's. hawthorne's sange hadde gått inn i den offentlige "
"disse er alle kommersielle publikasjoner av offentlige verker."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's a parallel here with pornography that is a bit hard to describe, but "
"en tro det minst like viktig å beskytte eldreds av verden som beskytter ikke-"
"kommersiell pornographers."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Internet created the possibility of noncommercial publications of public "
"domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
"culture generally.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I said, Eldred lives in New Hampshire. In 1998, Robert Frost's collection "
-"of poems New Hampshire was slated to pass into the public domain. Eldred "
-"wanted to post that collection in his free public library. But Congress got "
-"in the way. As I described in chapter 10, in 1998, for the eleventh time in "
-"forty years, Congress extended the terms of existing copyrights—this "
-"time by twenty years. Eldred would not be free to add any works more recent "
-"than 1923 to his collection until 2019. Indeed, no copyrighted work would "
-"pass into the public domain until that year (and not even then, if Congress "
-"extends the term again). By contrast, in the same period, more than 1 "
-"million patents will pass into the public domain."
+"of poems <citetitle>New Hampshire</citetitle> was slated to pass into the "
+"public domain. Eldred wanted to post that collection in his free public "
+"library. But Congress got in the way. As I described in chapter 10, in "
+"1998, for the eleventh time in forty years, Congress extended the terms of "
+"existing copyrights—this time by twenty years. Eldred would not be "
+"free to add any works more recent than 1923 to his collection until 2019. "
+"Indeed, no copyrighted work would pass into the public domain until that "
+"year (and not even then, if Congress extends the term again). By contrast, "
+"in the same period, more than 1 million patents will pass into the public "
+"domain."
msgstr ""
"som jeg sa, bor eldred i new hampshire. i 1998, var robert frost samling av "
"dikt i new hampshire slated skjedde i public domain. Eldred ønsket å legge "
"mer enn 1 million patenter passere i public domain."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The full text is: \"Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright protection to "
"forslag til et uttrykk til å vare evig mindre en dag. Komiteen kan kanskje "
"se på at neste Kongressen,\"144 cong. REC h9946, 9951-2 (7. oktober 1998)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
"memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Eldred decided to fight this law. He first resolved to fight it through "
"gjøre eldred en forbryter—om noen klaget. Dette var en farlig strategi "
"for en deaktivert programmerer å gjennomføre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was here that I became involved in Eldred's battle. I was a "
"av Grunnloven, hadde det alltid slo meg som viktigere forskjellige. som du "
"vet, Grunnloven sier,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science . . . by securing "
"Kongressen har makt til å fremme utviklingen av vitenskap... ved å sikre for "
"begrenset ganger til forfattere... eksklusive rett til deres... skrifter...."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
"\"fremme... fremgang\"—gjennom betyr at er også spesifikke—av "
"\"sikre\" \"enerett\" (det vil si opphavsrett) \"for begrenset ganger.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Jaszi, Peter"
msgstr "Jaszi, Peter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
"evigvarende vilkår \"på avbetaling plan,\" som professor peter jaszi så pent "
"sette den."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As an academic, my first response was to hit the books. I remember sitting "
"være villig til å betale mye penger å se sine opphavsrett vilkår utvidet. og "
"så congress er ganske fornøyd med å holde denne Kjøttsaft tog går."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of government. "
"begrense handlingene til disse tingene det må gjøre— og de tingene som "
"betaler? forlengelse av lønner seg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If that's not obvious to you, consider the following: Say you're one of the "
"utvidelse av opphavsrett, siden ingen publisher vil betale eiendom noen "
"penger hvis dikt frost skrev publiseres av alle gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So imagine the Robert Frost estate is earning $100,000 a year from three of "
"rådgiver kommer til din styremøte med en svært dystre rapport:"
#. PAGE BREAK 224
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Next year,\" the adviser announces, \"our copyrights in works A, B, and C "
"utløpe. Det betyr at etter neste år, vi vil ikke lenger motta årlige royalty "
"kontroll av $100.000 fra utgivere av disse fungerer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"There's a proposal in Congress, however,\" she continues, \"that could "
"tjue år. at regningen ville være ekstremt verdifullt for oss. så vi bør håpe "
"passerer denne regningen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Hope?\" a fellow board member says. \"Can't we be doing something about it?"
msgstr ""
"\"håper?\" styremedlem stipendiat sier. \"kan ikke vi gjøre noe med det?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Well, obviously, yes,\" the adviser responds. \"We could contribute to the "
"\"Vel, tydeligvis ja,\" rådgiver svarer. \"vi kunne bidra til kampanjene av "
"en rekke representanter å prøve å sikre at de støtter regningen.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
"denne motbydelig praksis er verdt det. \"hvor mye ville vi få Hvis denne "
"utvidelsen ble passert?\" du be rådgiver. \"hvor mye er det verdt?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Well,\" the adviser says, \"if you're confident that you will continue to "
"vi bruker til å evaluere eiendom investeringer (6 prosent), og denne loven "
"vil være verdt $1,146,000 til eiendom.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're a bit shocked by the number, but you quickly come to the correct "
msgstr ""
"du er litt sjokkert av nummeret, men du komme raskt til riktig konklusjon:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than $1,000,000 "
"kampanjen bidrag om vi var sikker på disse bidragene vil forsikre at "
"regningen ble sendt?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Absolutely,\" the adviser responds. \"It is worth it to you to contribute "
"som for oss betyr over $1,000,000.\""
#. PAGE BREAK 225
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You quickly get the point—you as the member of the board and, I trust, "
"filtypen. og så hver gang opphavsrett er om å opphøre, det er en enorm "
"mengde lobbyvirksomhet for å få opphavsrett begrepet utvidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus a congressional perpetual motion machine: So long as legislation can be "
"ytterligere utvidelser av copyright."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
+#| "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+#| "Chicago Tribune, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgid ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" Chicago "
-"Tribune, 17 October 1998, 22."
+"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgstr ""
"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" Chicago "
"Tribune, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</ulink>."
"ulink>."
#. f5.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+#| "Congressional Quarterly This Week, 8 August 1990, available at <ulink url="
+#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgid ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" Congressional "
-"Quarterly This Week, 8 August 1990, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
+"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" Congressional "
"Quarterly This Week, 8. august 1990, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
"Extension Act, this \"theory\" about incentives was proved real. Ten of the "
"campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Constitutional law is not oblivious to the obvious. Or at least, it need not "
"forlenge det en gang, de ville utvide den igjen og igjen og igjen."
#. PAGE BREAK 226
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"It was also my judgment that this Supreme Court would not allow Congress to "
-"extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme Court's work knows, "
-"this Court has increasingly restricted the power of Congress when it has "
-"viewed Congress's actions as exceeding the power granted to it by the "
-"Constitution. Among constitutional scholars, the most famous example of this "
-"trend was the Supreme Court's decision in 1995 to strike down a law that "
-"banned the possession of guns near schools."
+"It was also my judgment that <emphasis>this</emphasis> Supreme Court would "
+"not allow Congress to extend existing terms. As anyone close to the Supreme "
+"Court's work knows, this Court has increasingly restricted the power of "
+"Congress when it has viewed Congress's actions as exceeding the power "
+"granted to it by the Constitution. Among constitutional scholars, the most "
+"famous example of this trend was the Supreme Court's decision in 1995 to "
+"strike down a law that banned the possession of guns near schools."
msgstr ""
"Det var også mitt skjønn at denne Høyesterett ikke ville tillate at "
"Kongressen til å utvide eksisterende vilkår. alle nær Høyesterett arbeid "
"av denne trenden Høyesterett beslutning i 1995 å ramme en lov som forbød "
"besittelse av våpen i nærheten av skoler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
"makt til å inkludere makt til å regulere alle aktiviteter som bare berørt "
"utdanningen handel."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As the economy grew, this standard increasingly meant that there was no "
"for å begrense Kongressens makt ble i stedet tolket for å innføre ingen "
"grense."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice Rehnquist's command, changed that in "
-"United States v. Lopez. The government had argued that possessing guns near "
-"schools affected interstate commerce. Guns near schools increase crime, "
-"crime lowers property values, and so on. In the oral argument, the Chief "
-"Justice asked the government whether there was any activity that would not "
-"affect interstate commerce under the reasoning the government advanced. The "
-"government said there was not; if Congress says an activity affects "
-"interstate commerce, then that activity affects interstate commerce. The "
-"Supreme Court, the government said, was not in the position to second-guess "
-"Congress."
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. The "
+"government had argued that possessing guns near schools affected interstate "
+"commerce. Guns near schools increase crime, crime lowers property values, "
+"and so on. In the oral argument, the Chief Justice asked the government "
+"whether there was any activity that would not affect interstate commerce "
+"under the reasoning the government advanced. The government said there was "
+"not; if Congress says an activity affects interstate commerce, then that "
+"activity affects interstate commerce. The Supreme Court, the government "
+"said, was not in the position to second-guess Congress."
msgstr ""
"Høyesterett, under chief justice rehnquist kommando, endret som i USA v. "
"lopez. regjeringen hadde hevdet at ha våpen i nærheten av skoler berørt "
"Kongressen."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 564 (1995)."
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>, 514 U."
+"S. 549, 564 (1995)."
msgstr "USA v. lopez, 514 amerikanske 549, 564 (1995)."
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid "United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000)."
+msgid ""
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>, 529 "
+"U.S. 598 (2000)."
msgstr "USA v. morrison, 529 amerikanske 598 (2000)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"\"We pause to consider the implications of the government's arguments,\" the "
"Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If anything "
"Congress says is interstate commerce must therefore be considered interstate "
"commerce, then there would be no limit to Congress's power. The decision in "
-"Lopez was reaffirmed five years later in United States v. Morrison."
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> was reaffirmed five years later in "
+"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If it is a principle about enumerated powers, then the principle carries "
"\"begrenset ganger\" til tross for."
#. PAGE BREAK 227
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If a principle were at work here, then it should apply to the Progress "
"Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"extend the term of existing copyrights."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"If, that is, the principle announced in Lopez stood for a principle. Many "
-"believed the decision in Lopez stood for politics—a conservative "
-"Supreme Court, which believed in states' rights, using its power over "
-"Congress to advance its own personal political preferences. But I rejected "
-"that view of the Supreme Court's decision. Indeed, shortly after the "
-"decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the \"fidelity\" in such an "
+"<emphasis>If</emphasis>, that is, the principle announced in "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for a principle. Many believed the "
+"decision in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> stood for politics—a "
+"conservative Supreme Court, which believed in states' rights, using its "
+"power over Congress to advance its own personal political preferences. But I "
+"rejected that view of the Supreme Court's decision. Indeed, shortly after "
+"the decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the \"fidelity\" in such an "
"interpretation of the Constitution. The idea that the Supreme Court decides "
"cases based upon its politics struck me as extraordinarily boring. I was "
"not going to devote my life to teaching constitutional law if these nine "
"til undervisning statsrett Hvis disse ni justiariusene skulle være smålig "
"politikere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now let's pause for a moment to make sure we understand what the argument in "
-"Eldred was not about. By insisting on the Constitution's limits to "
-"copyright, obviously Eldred was not endorsing piracy. Indeed, in an obvious "
-"sense, he was fighting a kind of piracy—piracy of the public domain. "
-"When Robert Frost wrote his work and when Walt Disney created Mickey Mouse, "
-"the maximum copyright term was just fifty-six years. Because of interim "
-"changes, Frost and Disney had already enjoyed a seventy-five-year monopoly "
-"for their work. They had gotten the benefit of the bargain that the "
-"Constitution envisions: In exchange for a monopoly protected for fifty-six "
-"years, they created new work. But now these entities were using their "
-"power—expressed through the power of lobbyists' money—to get "
-"another twenty-year dollop of monopoly. That twenty-year dollop would be "
-"taken from the public domain. Eric Eldred was fighting a piracy that affects "
-"us all."
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was not about. By insisting on the "
+"Constitution's limits to copyright, obviously Eldred was not endorsing "
+"piracy. Indeed, in an obvious sense, he was fighting a kind of piracy—"
+"piracy of the public domain. When Robert Frost wrote his work and when Walt "
+"Disney created Mickey Mouse, the maximum copyright term was just fifty-six "
+"years. Because of interim changes, Frost and Disney had already enjoyed a "
+"seventy-five-year monopoly for their work. They had gotten the benefit of "
+"the bargain that the Constitution envisions: In exchange for a monopoly "
+"protected for fifty-six years, they created new work. But now these entities "
+"were using their power—expressed through the power of lobbyists' "
+"money—to get another twenty-year dollop of monopoly. That twenty-year "
+"dollop would be taken from the public domain. Eric Eldred was fighting a "
+"piracy that affects us all."
msgstr ""
"Nå la oss pause for et øyeblikk å sørge for at vi forstår hva argumentet i "
"eldred ikke var om. ved å insistere på grunnlovens grenser for opphavsrett, "
"oss alle."
#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U."
-"S. 186 (2003) (No. 01-618), n.10, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #51</ulink>."
+"Brief of the Nashville Songwriters Association, <citetitle>Eldred</"
+"citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. "
+"01-618), n.10, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #51</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
"Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
"pirate's charter."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we've seen, our constitutional system requires limits on copyright as a "
"perfekte stormen for public domain. opphavsrett er utløpt ikke, og utløper "
"ikke, så lenge congress er gratis kjøpes for å utvide dem igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is valuable copyrights that are responsible for terms being extended. "
"lenger tilgjengelig som et resultat."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"The figure of 2 percent is an extrapolation from the study by the "
"Congressional Research Service, in light of the estimated renewal ranges. "
-"See Brief of Petitioners, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 7, available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #52</ulink>."
+"See Brief of Petitioners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 7, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #52</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If you look at the work created in the first twenty years (1923 to 1942) "
"affected by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, 2 percent of that "
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 229
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Think practically about the consequence of this extension—practically, "
"for verden i iarchive prosjektet gjenværende 9,873. Hva ville du trenger å "
"gjøre?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, first, you'd have to determine which of the 9,873 books were still "
"og fornyelse postene for verk utgitt i 1930. som vil produsere en liste over "
"bøker som fortsatt under opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Then for the books still under copyright, you would need to locate the "
"deretter for bøkene fortsatt under opphavsrett trenger du å finne gjeldende "
"opphavsrett eiere. How 'd du gjøre det?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most people think that there must be a list of these copyright owners "
"være tusenvis og tusenvis av regjeringen monopoler uten det er minst en "
"liste?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But there is no list. There may be a name from 1930, and then in 1959, of "
"slike poster—spesielt siden personen som registrert ikke er "
"nødvendigvis gjeldende eier. og vi snakker bare om 1930!"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,\" the apologists "
"apologists for systemet svarer. \"Hvorfor skulle det være en liste over "
"eiere av opphavsretter?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Well, actually, if you think about it, there are plenty of lists of who owns "
-"what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles to cars. And where "
-"there isn't a list, the code of real space is pretty good at suggesting who "
-"the owner of a bit of property is. (A swing set in your backyard is probably "
-"yours.) So formally or informally, we have a pretty good way to know who "
-"owns what tangible property."
+"Well, actually, if you think about it, there <emphasis>are</emphasis> plenty "
+"of lists of who owns what property. Think about deeds on houses, or titles "
+"to cars. And where there isn't a list, the code of real space is pretty "
+"good at suggesting who the owner of a bit of property is. (A swing set in "
+"your backyard is probably yours.) So formally or informally, we have a "
+"pretty good way to know who owns what tangible property."
msgstr ""
"Vel, egentlig, er Hvis du tenker på det, det masse av lister av hvem som "
"eier hva egenskapen. Tenk på gjerninger på hus eller titler til biler. og "
"vite hvem som eier hvilke konkrete-egenskapen."
#. PAGE BREAK 230
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So: You walk down a street and see a house. You can know who owns the house "
"der eieren vi ikke finner lett. Det er unntaket som beviser regelen: at vi "
"vanligvis vet svært godt hvem som eier hva egenskapen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Compare this story to intangible property. You go into a library. The "
"vårt, der er det en forbrytelse å bruke slike eiendom uten egenskapen "
"eierens tillatelse, egenskapen er ikke skal brukes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The consequence with respect to old books is that they won't be digitized, "
"vil bare rot bort på hyller. men konsekvensen for andre kreative verker er "
"mye mer dire."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Agee, Michael"
msgstr "Agee, Michael"
#. f11.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See David G. Savage, \"High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,\" Los "
-"Angeles Times, 6 October 2002; David Streitfeld, \"Classic Movies, Songs, "
-"Books at Stake; Supreme Court Hears Arguments Today on Striking Down "
-"Copyright Extension,\" Orlando Sentinel Tribune, 9 October 2002."
+"See David G. Savage, \"High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,\" "
+"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David Streitfeld, "
+"\"Classic Movies, Songs, Books at Stake; Supreme Court Hears Arguments Today "
+"on Striking Down Copyright Extension,\" <citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</"
+"citetitle>, 9 October 2002."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du vil se david g. savage, \"high court scene av showdown på lov om "
"opphavsrett\" los angeles times, 6 oktober 2002; David streitfeld, "
"dag på støtning ned opphavsrett forlengelsen,\"orlando sentinel tribune, 9 "
"oktober 2002."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Lucky Dog, The"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Consider the story of Michael Agee, chairman of Hal Roach Studios, which "
"owns the copyrights for the Laurel and Hardy films. Agee is a direct "
"beneficiary of the Bono Act. The Laurel and Hardy films were made between "
-"1921 and 1951. Only one of these films, The Lucky Dog, is currently out of "
-"copyright. But for the CTEA, films made after 1923 would have begun entering "
-"the public domain. Because Agee controls the exclusive rights for these "
-"popular films, he makes a great deal of money. According to one estimate, "
-"\"Roach has sold about 60,000 videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's "
-"silent films.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"1921 and 1951. Only one of these films, <citetitle>The Lucky Dog</"
+"citetitle>, is currently out of copyright. But for the CTEA, films made "
+"after 1923 would have begun entering the public domain. Because Agee "
+"controls the exclusive rights for these popular films, he makes a great deal "
+"of money. According to one estimate, \"Roach has sold about 60,000 "
+"videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's silent films.\"<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet Agee opposed the CTEA. His reasons demonstrate a rare virtue in this "
"generasjon av american film."
#. PAGE BREAK 231
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"His argument is straightforward. A tiny fraction of this work has any "
"overskride kostnadene ved å gjøre arbeidet tilgjengelig for distribusjon."
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Brief of Hal Roach Studios and Michael Agee as Amicus Curiae Supporting the "
-"Petitoners, Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01- 618), 12. See "
-"also Brief of Amicus Curiae filed on behalf of Petitioners by the Internet "
-"Archive, Eldred v. Ashcroft, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-"cc/notes/\">link #53</ulink>."
+"Petitoners, <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</"
+"citetitle>, 537 U.S. 186 (2003) (No. 01- 618), 12. See also Brief of Amicus "
+"Curiae filed on behalf of Petitioners by the Internet Archive, "
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #53</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We can't know the benefits, but we do know a lot about the costs. For most "
"of the history of film, the costs of restoring film were very high; digital "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Restoration technology is not the only cost, nor the most important. "
"rettighetene. og for å sikre rettighetene for en film som er under "
"opphavsrett, du trenger å finne eieren av opphavsretten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Or more accurately, owners. As we've seen, there isn't only a single "
-"copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't a single "
-"person whom you can contact about those copyrights; there are as many as can "
-"hold the rights, which turns out to be an extremely large number. Thus the "
-"costs of clearing the rights to these films is exceptionally high."
+"Or more accurately, <emphasis>owners</emphasis>. As we've seen, there isn't "
+"only a single copyright associated with a film; there are many. There isn't "
+"a single person whom you can contact about those copyrights; there are as "
+"many as can hold the rights, which turns out to be an extremely large "
+"number. Thus the costs of clearing the rights to these films is "
+"exceptionally high."
msgstr ""
"eller mer nøyaktig, eiere. som vi har sett, det er ikke bare en enkelt "
"copyright tilknyttet en film; Det er mange. Det er ikke en eneste person "
"kan holde rettigheter, som viser seg for å være et svært stort tall. dermed "
"kostnadene ved å fjerne rettighetene til disse filmene er usedvanlig høy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
"advokat er det samme som å si du ikke gjøre noen penger."
#. PAGE BREAK 232
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For some films, the benefit of releasing the film may well exceed these "
"agee hevdet, filmen vil ikke bli restaurert og distribuert til opphavsretten "
"utløper."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But by the time the copyright for these films expires, the film will have "
"tid. de vil være borte, og metall canisters der de er nå lagret bli fylt med "
"noe mer enn støv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Of all the creative work produced by humans anywhere, a tiny fraction has "
"incentiver til å produsere og distribuere skapende arbeid. for at liten "
"brøkdel fungerer opphavsretten som en \"motoren i fri ytring.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But even for that tiny fraction, the actual time during which the creative "
"faller ut av tjeneste med kommersielle distributører, kommersiell levetid "
"slutter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet that doesn't mean the life of the creative work ends. We don't keep "
"trenger vi å ha tilgang til denne historien."
#. PAGE BREAK 233
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyrights in this context do not drive an engine of free expression. In "
"uttrykksmåter. i denne sammenheng er det ikke behov for en eksklusiv rett. "
"opphavsrettigheter i denne konteksten ikke nytter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet, for most of our history, they also did little harm. For most of our "
-"history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no copyright-"
-"related use that would be inhibited by an exclusive right. When a book went "
-"out of print, you could not buy it from a publisher. But you could still "
-"buy it from a used book store, and when a used book store sells it, in "
-"America, at least, there is no need to pay the copyright owner anything. "
-"Thus, the ordinary use of a book after its commercial life ended was a use "
-"that was independent of copyright law."
+"history, when a work ended its commercial life, there was no "
+"<emphasis>copyright-related use</emphasis> that would be inhibited by an "
+"exclusive right. When a book went out of print, you could not buy it from a "
+"publisher. But you could still buy it from a used book store, and when a "
+"used book store sells it, in America, at least, there is no need to pay the "
+"copyright owner anything. Thus, the ordinary use of a book after its "
+"commercial life ended was a use that was independent of copyright law."
msgstr ""
"Likevel, for det meste av vår historie, de også gjorde lite skade. for de "
"fleste av vår historie, når et arbeid endte sin kommersielle liv, var det "
"opphavsretten noe. dermed var vanlig bruk av en bok etter sin kommersiell "
"levetid avsluttet en bruk som var uavhengig av lov om opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same was effectively true of film. Because the costs of restoring a "
"arkivert for litt, men det var slutten av sitt liv så lenge markedet ikke "
"har mer å tilby."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In other words, though copyright has been relatively short for most of our "
"sin kommersiell verdi. lang opphavsretten for disse arbeider ville ikke har "
"interfered med noe."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "But this situation has now changed."
msgstr "men denne situasjonen er nå endret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One crucially important consequence of the emergence of digital technologies "
"kultur, mens før det ikke var."
#. PAGE BREAK 234
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And now copyright law does get in the way. Every step of producing this "
"som ønsker å utforske, er nå inhibited med et sett med regler som ble "
"skrevet for en radikalt annen sammenheng."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here is the core of the harm that comes from extending terms: Now that "
"technology enables us to rebuild the library of Alexandria, the law gets in "
-"the way. And it doesn't get in the way for any useful copyright purpose, for "
-"the purpose of copyright is to enable the commercial market that spreads "
-"culture. No, we are talking about culture after it has lived its commercial "
-"life. In this context, copyright is serving no purpose at all related to the "
-"spread of knowledge. In this context, copyright is not an engine of free "
-"expression. Copyright is a brake."
+"the way. And it doesn't get in the way for any useful <emphasis>copyright</"
+"emphasis> purpose, for the purpose of copyright is to enable the commercial "
+"market that spreads culture. No, we are talking about culture after it has "
+"lived its commercial life. In this context, copyright is serving no purpose "
+"<emphasis>at all</emphasis> related to the spread of knowledge. In this "
+"context, copyright is not an engine of free expression. Copyright is a brake."
msgstr ""
"Her er kjernen av skade kommer fra utvide vilkår: nå som teknologi gjør det "
"mulig for oss å gjenoppbygge biblioteket i alexandria, loven kommer i veien. "
"spredning av kunnskap. i denne sammenheng er copyright ikke en motor gratis "
"uttrykksmåter. Copyright er en brems."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You may well ask, \"But if digital technologies lower the costs for Brewster "
"brewster kahle, deretter de vil lavere kostnader for random house, også. så "
"ikke random house gjøre samt brewster kahle i å spre kultur allment?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Maybe. Someday. But there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that "
"oss."
#. f13.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
"December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"December 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I would be the first to agree that it should do as much as it can: We should "
"rely upon the market as much as possible to spread and enable culture. My "
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In January 1999, we filed a lawsuit on Eric Eldred's behalf in federal "
"at utvide eksisterende vilkårene krenket av Grunnloven \"begrenset ganger\" "
"krav, og (2) at utvide vilkårene ved en annen tjue år krenket first endring."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The district court dismissed our claims without even hearing an argument. A "
"en av de mest konservative dommerne på at domstolen. at ga dissens livet "
"vårt krav."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
"sentelle hevdet, ville være å nekte Kongressen makt til å utvide "
"eksisterende vilkår."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
"der domstolen skal sitte \"no banc\" for å høre tilfelle."
#. PAGE BREAK 236
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Court of Appeals rejected our request to hear the case en banc. This "
"tatel. både den mest konservative og mest liberale dommere i DC-krets mente "
"Kongressen hadde overstepped sin grensene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was here that most expected Eldred v. Ashcroft would die, for the Supreme "
"og det praktisk talt aldri vurderinger en beslutning som opprettholder en "
"vedtekt når ingen andre domstolen har gjennomgått vedtektene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But in February 2002, the Supreme Court surprised the world by granting our "
"satt for oktober 2002. sommeren ville være utbrent skrive truser og "
"forberede for argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is over a year later as I write these words. It is still astonishingly "
"årsaken. og ingen fra jordhaugen var mer betydelig for meg enn e-post fra "
"min klient, eric eldred."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But my client and these friends were wrong. This case could have been won. "
"It should have been won. And no matter how hard I try to retell this story "
"historien til meg selv, kan jeg aldri unnslippe troen på at det er min feil "
"at vi ikke vant."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Steward, Geoffrey"
msgstr "Steward, Geoffrey"
#. PAGE BREAK 237
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The mistake was made early, though it became obvious only at the very end. "
"Our case had been supported from the very beginning by an extraordinary "
"advokatfirmaer noen sinne ville gjøre), og ga alt de hadde gjennom hele "
"saken."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Ayer, Don"
msgstr "Ayer, Don"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bromberg, Dan"
msgstr "Bromberg, Dan"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
"the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite involved. "
"dramatisk skade ble gjort til ytringsfriheten og fri kultur, ellers ville de "
"aldri stemt mot \"de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
"konstitusjonelle basert på Grunnloven, ikke basert på om de likte verdiene "
"som underskrev de innlegge Grunnloven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In any case, I thought, the Court must already see the danger and the harm "
"forfatningsstridig."
#. PAGE BREAK 238
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was one way, however, in which I felt politics would matter and in "
"the case was not to demonstrate how bad the Sonny Bono Act was but to "
"demonstrate that it was unconstitutional, my hope was to make this argument "
"against a background of briefs that covered the full range of political "
-"views. To show that this claim against the CTEA was grounded in law and not "
-"politics, then, we tried to gather the widest range of credible "
-"critics—credible not because they were rich and famous, but because "
-"they, in the aggregate, demonstrated that this law was unconstitutional "
-"regardless of one's politics."
+"views. To show that this claim against the CTEA was grounded in "
+"<emphasis>law</emphasis> and not politics, then, we tried to gather the "
+"widest range of credible critics—credible not because they were rich "
+"and famous, but because they, in the aggregate, demonstrated that this law "
+"was unconstitutional regardless of one's politics."
msgstr ""
"Det var en måte, men i som jeg følte politikk ville saken og som jeg trodde "
"et svar var riktig. Jeg var overbevist om at domstolen ikke ville høre våre "
"troverdig ikke fordi de var rike og berømte, men fordi de, i samlet, vist at "
"denne loven var forfatningsstridig uavhengig av ens politikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Eagle Forum"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Schlafly, Phyllis"
msgstr "Schlafly, Phyllis"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The first step happened all by itself. Phyllis Schlafly's organization, "
"bidrag til sentrale aktører på komiteene. Det var penger, ikke "
"rettferdighet, som ga Mikke Mus tjue år i disney's kontroll, schlafly hevdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the Court of Appeals, Eagle Forum was eager to file a brief supporting "
"grense for Kongressens makt til å angi vilkår. som sterkt konservativ "
"argumentet overtalt en sterk konservative dommer, dommer sentelle."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the Supreme Court, the briefs on our side were about as diverse as it "
"gets. They included an extraordinary historical brief by the Free Software "
"Amendment scholars. There was an exhaustive and uncontroverted brief by the "
"world's experts in the history of the Progress Clause. And of course, there "
"was a new brief by Eagle Forum, repeating and strengthening its arguments. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Those briefs framed a legal argument. Then to support the legal argument, "
"arkiver, inkludert internet archive, american association av loven "
"biblioteker og den nasjonale forfattere unionen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But two briefs captured the policy argument best. One made the argument I've "
"ble truffet, en hel generasjon av american film ville forsvinne. den andre "
"gjort argumentet økonomiske helt klart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Akerlof, George"
msgstr "Akerlof, George"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Arrow, Kenneth"
msgstr "Arrow, Kenneth"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Buchanan, James"
msgstr "Buchanan, James"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Coase, Ronald"
msgstr "Coase, Ronald"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Friedman, Milton"
msgstr "Friedman, Milton"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This economists' brief was signed by seventeen economists, including five "
"slike utvidelser var ingenting mer enn \"leie-søker\"—fancy sikt "
"økonomer bruk å beskrive spesielle interesser lovgivning gone wild."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fried, Charles"
msgstr "Fried, Charles"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same effort at balance was reflected in the legal team we gathered to "
"hevdet mange tilfeller i domstol, og som hadde informert oss tidlig om en "
"første endring strategi; og endelig, tidligere advokat general charles stekt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor "
"posisjoner i Høyesterett som jeg personlig uenige med, hans begynte årsaken "
"var en stemme av tilliten i vår argumentet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
"økonomer. truser på den andre siden av saken ble skrevet utelukkende av "
"store medieselskaper, congressmen og innehaver av opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The media companies were not surprising. They had the most to gain from the "
"ønsket å kontroll."
#. f14.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. "
-"(2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
+"Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, 537 U.S. (2003) (No. 01-618), 19."
msgstr ""
"kort av gikk dr. seuss enterprise et al., eldred v. ashcroft, 537 "
"amerikanske (2003) (nr 01-618), 19."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Dinitia Smith, \"Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse Joins "
-"the Fray,\" New York Times, 28 March 1998, B7."
+"the Fray,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March 1998, B7."
msgstr ""
"dinitia smith, \"udødelig ord, udødelig royalties? selv Mikke Mus tiltrer "
"fray,\"new york times, 28 mars 1998, b7."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gershwin, George"
msgstr "Gershwin, George"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
"Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work— better "
"drugs or to create pornography.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"That was also the motive of the Gershwin estate, which defended its "
"\"protection\" of the work of George Gershwin. They refuse, for example, to "
-"license Porgy and Bess to anyone who refuses to use African Americans in the "
-"cast.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That's their view of how this "
-"part of American culture should be controlled, and they wanted this law to "
-"help them effect that control. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"license <citetitle>Porgy and Bess</citetitle> to anyone who refuses to use "
+"African Americans in the cast.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"That's their view of how this part of American culture should be controlled, "
+"and they wanted this law to help them effect that control. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this debate. "
"snakke på en bestemt måte, det er akkurat hva den første endringen er "
"tradisjonelt ment å blokkere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We argued as much in a final brief. Not only would upholding the CTEA mean "
"februar og oktober var det lite jeg gjorde utover forbereder for denne "
"saken. tidlig som jeg sa, satt jeg strategien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
"\"the Conservatives.\" The other we called \"the Rest.\" The Conservatives "
"included Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O'Connor, Justice Scalia, Justice "
"Kennedy, and Justice Thomas. These five had been the most consistent in "
-"limiting Congress's power. They were the five who had supported the Lopez/"
-"Morrison line of cases that said that an enumerated power had to be "
-"interpreted to assure that Congress's powers had limits."
+"limiting Congress's power. They were the five who had supported the "
+"<citetitle>Lopez/Morrison</citetitle> line of cases that said that an "
+"enumerated power had to be interpreted to assure that Congress's powers had "
+"limits."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Breyer, Stephen"
msgstr "Breyer, Stephen"
#. PAGE BREAK 242
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rest were the four Justices who had strongly opposed limits on "
"til disse fire justiariusene var stemmene som jeg personlig hadde mest "
"konsekvent avtalt med, var de også stemmene som vi var minst sannsynlig å få."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In particular, the least likely was Justice Ginsburg's. In addition to her "
"makt i denne sammenheng å gjøre som det ønsket, selv om hva Kongressen "
"ønsket gjort lite fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Close behind Justice Ginsburg were two justices whom we also viewed as "
"vi sterkt mente, det var en svært viktig ytringsfriheten argument mot disse "
"retrospektiv utvidelser."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The only vote we could be confident about was that of Justice Stevens. "
"argumentert for grenser i forbindelse med immaterielle generelt. Vi var "
"ganske trygg på han ville anerkjenne grenser her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This analysis of \"the Rest\" showed most clearly where our focus had to be: "
"Kongressens makt må tolkes slik at dens nummerert kreftene har begrensninger."
#. PAGE BREAK 243
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This then was the core of our strategy—a strategy for which I am "
-"responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the Lopez case, "
-"under the government's argument here, Congress would always have unlimited "
-"power to extend existing terms. If anything was plain about Congress's power "
-"under the Progress Clause, it was that this power was supposed to be "
-"\"limited.\" Our aim would be to get the Court to reconcile Eldred with "
-"Lopez: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was limited, then so, too, "
-"must Congress's power to regulate copyright be limited."
+"responsible. We would get the Court to see that just as with the "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, under the government's argument here, "
+"Congress would always have unlimited power to extend existing terms. If "
+"anything was plain about Congress's power under the Progress Clause, it was "
+"that this power was supposed to be \"limited.\" Our aim would be to get the "
+"Court to reconcile <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> with <citetitle>Lopez</"
+"citetitle>: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was limited, then so, "
+"too, must Congress's power to regulate copyright be limited."
msgstr ""
"Dette var deretter kjernen i vår strategi—en strategi som jeg er "
"ansvarlig. Vi ville få retten å se at akkurat som du er med under "
"eldred med lopez: Hvis Kongressens makt til å regulere handel var begrenset, "
"deretter så, også, congress's makt til å regulere copyright skal begrenses."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The argument on the government's side came down to this: Congress has done "
"så regjeringen hevdet, domstolen bør ikke nå si at praksis er "
"unconstitutional."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There was some truth to the government's claim, but not much. We certainly "
"regelmessig—betingelser elleve ganger i førti år."
#. PAGE BREAK 244
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But this \"consistency\" should be kept in perspective. Congress extended "
"slike \"moots\" er i utgangspunktet praksis runder, der wannabe "
"justiariusene brann spørsmål på wannabe vinnere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I was convinced that to win, I had to keep the Court focused on a single "
"følge: ikke utvide eksisterende vilkår. moots var en effektiv praksis, Jeg "
"har funnet måter å ta alle spørsmål tilbake til dette sentrale idéen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One moot was before the lawyers at Jones Day. Don Ayer was the skeptic. He "
"stekt. Han hadde hevdet mange tilfeller før Høyesterett. og han la sin "
"bekymring snakke i sin anmeldelse av moot:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
"ikke noen sjanse til å vinne."
#. PAGE BREAK 245
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"He may have argued many cases before this Court, I thought, but he didn't "
"proceedings. score tilbragte natten på Høyesterett trinnene slik at de ville "
"være trygg på et sete."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Not everyone has to wait in line. People who know the Justices can ask for "
"ned ved bordet, så jeg jack valenti sitter i delen spesielle vanligvis "
"forbeholdt familie av de to andre justiariusene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Chief Justice called me to begin my argument, I began where I "
"sak om nummerert kreftene, jeg sa, og om de nummerert kreftene hadde noen "
"grense."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice O'Connor stopped me within one minute of my opening. The history "
"rettferdighet o'connor stoppet meg ett minutts min åpning. historien var "
"plaget henne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice o'connor: Congress has extended the term so often through the years, "
"utvidelser av tid? Jeg mener, dette synes å være en praksis som begynte med "
"svært første akt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"She was quite willing to concede \"that this flies directly in the face of "
"understreke begrensninger på Kongressens makt."
#. PAGE BREAK 246
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: Well, if it flies in the face of what the framers had in mind, "
"så spørsmålet er, er det en måte å tolke sine ord som gir kraft til hva de "
"hadde i tankene, og svaret er Ja."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There were two points in this argument when I should have seen where the "
"Det var to poeng i dette argumentet når jeg burde ha sett hvor domstolen "
"skulle. Først var et spørsmål av rettferdighet kennedy, som observert,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice kennedy: Well, I suppose implicit in the argument that the '76 act, "
"avbrudd, er som for alle disse årene loven har hindret fremgang i vitenskap "
"og nyttig kunst. Jeg ser ikke noen empiriske bevis for dette."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here follows my clear mistake. Like a professor correcting a student, I "
msgstr ""
"Her følger min klart feil. som professor korrigere en student, svarte jeg,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: Justice, we are not making an empirical claim at all. Nothing "
"som er nødvendig for å sikre at det ville være et effektivt evigvarende sikt "
"ikke tillates under lover om opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That was a correct answer, but it wasn't the right answer. The right answer "
"skrevet om den. han ønsket å høre den. og her var sted don ayer's råd skal "
"ha mattered. Dette var en softball; mitt svar var en swing og en glipp."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The second came from the Chief, for whom the whole case had been crafted. "
-"For the Chief Justice had crafted the Lopez ruling, and we hoped that he "
-"would see this case as its second cousin."
+"For the Chief Justice had crafted the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> ruling, "
+"and we hoped that he would see this case as its second cousin."
msgstr ""
"andre kom fra sjefen, som hele saken hadde blitt utformet. for "
"justisministeren hadde utformet lopez avgjørelse, og vi håpet at ville han "
"se denne saken som sin andre fetter."
#. PAGE BREAK 247
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was clear a second into his question that he wasn't at all sympathetic. "
"Det var klart en andre i sin spørsmålet at han ikke var på alle sympatisk. "
"til ham var vi en gjeng med anarkistene. så han spurte:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"chief justice: Well, but you want more than that. You want the right to copy "
"Chief justice: godt, men du ønsker mer enn som. du vil ha rett til å kopiere "
"ordrett andres bøker, ikke du?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"mr. lessig: We want the right to copy verbatim works that should be in the "
"kan begrunnes under vanlige første endring analyse eller under en riktig "
"lesing av grensene som er innebygd i setningsdelen opphavsrett."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Things went better for us when the government gave its argument; for now the "
"plukket opp på kjernen av våre krav. som rettferdighet spurte scalia advokat "
"generelt olson"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"justice scalia: You say that the functional equivalent of an unlimited time "
"[av Grunnloven], men det er nettopp argumentet som gjøres av petitioners "
"her, det en begrenset periode som er utvidbart er samme en ubegrenset tid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When Olson was finished, it was my turn to give a closing rebuttal. Olson's "
"retten til min side."
#. PAGE BREAK 248
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I left the court that day, I knew there were a hundred points I wished I "
"hadde svart på en annen måte. men en måte å tenke på dette tilfellet forlatt "
"meg optimistisk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The government had been asked over and over again, what is the limit? Over "
"ville konservative—føle seg begrenset av rettssikkerhet at det hadde "
"etablert andre steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The morning of January 15, 2003, I was five minutes late to the office and "
"the hadde Høyesterett bekreftet avgjørelsen til court of appeals. syv "
"justiariusene hadde stemt i fleste. Det var to Dissensene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A few seconds later, the opinions arrived by e-mail. I took the phone off "
"postet en kunngjøring til vår blogg, og satte meg ned for å se hvor jeg "
"hadde vært feil i mitt resonnement."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"My reasoning. Here was a case that pitted all the money in the world against "
-"reasoning. And here was the last naïve law professor, scouring the pages, "
-"looking for reasoning."
+"My <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. Here was a case that pitted all the money "
+"in the world against <emphasis>reasoning</emphasis>. And here was the last "
+"naïve law professor, scouring the pages, looking for reasoning."
msgstr ""
"mitt resonnement. Her var en sak som pitted alle pengene i verden mot "
"resonnement. og her var den siste naivt lov professoren, scouring sider, på "
"jakt etter resonnement."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I first scoured the opinion, looking for how the Court would distinguish the "
-"principle in this case from the principle in Lopez. The argument was nowhere "
-"to be found. The case was not even cited. The argument that was the core "
-"argument of our case did not even appear in the Court's opinion."
+"principle in this case from the principle in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. "
+"The argument was nowhere to be found. The case was not even cited. The "
+"argument that was the core argument of our case did not even appear in the "
+"Court's opinion."
msgstr ""
"Jeg scoured først mening, ser for hvordan domstol vil skille prinsippet i "
"dette tilfellet fra prinsippet i lopez. argumentet var ingensteds å bli "
"vårt tilfelle ikke engang vises i retten mening."
#. PAGE BREAK 249
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice Ginsburg simply ignored the enumerated powers argument. Consistent "
"konsekvent med hennes syn at Kongressen makt var ikke begrenset Generelt, "
"hun hadde funnet Kongressens makt ikke begrenset her."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Her opinion was perfectly reasonable—for her, and for Justice Souter. "
-"Neither believes in Lopez. It would be too much to expect them to write an "
-"opinion that recognized, much less explained, the doctrine they had worked "
-"so hard to defeat."
+"Neither believes in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>. It would be too much to "
+"expect them to write an opinion that recognized, much less explained, the "
+"doctrine they had worked so hard to defeat."
msgstr ""
"hennes mening var helt rimelig—for henne, og for rettferdighet souter. "
"Ingen av dem tror på lopez. det ville være for mye å forvente dem til å "
"skrive en uttalelse som gjenkjennes, mye mindre forklart, doktrine som de "
"hadde arbeidet så hardt for å beseire."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as I realized what had happened, I couldn't quite believe what I was "
"reading. I had said there was no way this Court could reconcile limited "
"powers with the Commerce Clause and unlimited powers with the Progress "
"Clause. It had never even occurred to me that they could reconcile the two "
-"simply by not addressing the argument. There was no inconsistency because "
-"they would not talk about the two together. There was therefore no "
-"principle that followed from the Lopez case: In that context, Congress's "
-"power would be limited, but in this context it would not."
+"simply <emphasis>by not addressing the argument</emphasis>. There was no "
+"inconsistency because they would not talk about the two together. There was "
+"therefore no principle that followed from the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> "
+"case: In that context, Congress's power would be limited, but in this "
+"context it would not."
msgstr ""
"men som jeg hva som hadde skjedd, jeg kunne ikke helt tro hva jeg leser. Jeg "
"hadde sagt det var ingen måte denne retten kan avstemme begrenset krefter "
"sammenhengen, Kongressens makt ville være begrenset, men i denne sammenheng "
"vil det ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet by what right did they get to choose which of the framers' values they "
"system der domstolen får velge konstitusjonelle verdiene som det vil "
"respektere,."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justices Breyer and Stevens wrote very strong dissents. Stevens's opinion "
"kostnad gå ubesvart."
#. PAGE BREAK 250
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Justice Breyer's opinion, perhaps the best opinion he has ever written, was "
"begrepet var så langt som å være effektivt ubegrenset, så det var "
"forfatningsstridig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These two justices understood all the arguments we had made. But because "
-"neither believed in the Lopez case, neither was willing to push it as a "
-"reason to reject this extension. The case was decided without anyone having "
-"addressed the argument that we had carried from Judge Sentelle. It was "
-"Hamlet without the Prince."
+"neither believed in the <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, neither was "
+"willing to push it as a reason to reject this extension. The case was "
+"decided without anyone having addressed the argument that we had carried "
+"from Judge Sentelle. It was <citetitle>Hamlet</citetitle> without the Prince."
msgstr ""
"disse to justiariusene forstått alle argumentene vi hadde gjort. men fordi "
"ingen trodde i lopez-saken, heller ikke var villig til å skyve den som en "
"har adressert argumentet om at vi hadde fraktet fra dommer sentelle. Det var "
"hamlet uten prinsen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Defeat brings depression. They say it is a sign of health when depression "
"måte å sinne. min vrede kom raskt, men det gjorde ikke kurere depresjon. "
"Dette sinne var inälvor."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was first anger with the five \"Conservatives.\" It would have been one "
-"thing for them to have explained why the principle of Lopez didn't apply in "
-"this case. That wouldn't have been a very convincing argument, I don't "
-"believe, having read it made by others, and having tried to make it myself. "
-"But it at least would have been an act of integrity. These justices in "
-"particular have repeatedly said that the proper mode of interpreting the "
-"Constitution is \"originalism\"—to first understand the framers' text, "
-"interpreted in their context, in light of the structure of the Constitution. "
-"That method had produced Lopez and many other \"originalist\" rulings. Where "
+"thing for them to have explained why the principle of <citetitle>Lopez</"
+"citetitle> didn't apply in this case. That wouldn't have been a very "
+"convincing argument, I don't believe, having read it made by others, and "
+"having tried to make it myself. But it at least would have been an act of "
+"integrity. These justices in particular have repeatedly said that the "
+"proper mode of interpreting the Constitution is \"originalism\"—to "
+"first understand the framers' text, interpreted in their context, in light "
+"of the structure of the Constitution. That method had produced "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> and many other \"originalist\" rulings. Where "
"was their \"originalism\" now?"
msgstr ""
"Det var første sinne på fem \"konservative.\" det ville ha vært en ting for "
"nå?"
#. PAGE BREAK 251
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here, they had joined an opinion that never once tried to explain what the "
"resultat som de likte. det ikke produsere en grunn som var i samsvar med sin "
"egen prinsipper."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My anger with the Conservatives quickly yielded to anger with myself. For I "
"mitt sinne med høyre raskt gitt til sinne med meg selv. for jeg hadde la en "
"visning av loven som jeg likte forstyrre en visning av loven som det er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most lawyers, and most law professors, have little patience for idealism "
"det bør også følge i popularitet."
#. PAGE BREAK 252
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I read back over the transcript from that argument in October, I can see "
"brukt et annet sted. Det var ikke grunnlag som en domstol bør avgjøre "
"problemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it have "
"ha vært annerledes hvis don ayer hadde hevdet det? eller charles stekt? "
"eller kathleen sullivan?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court was not "
"mye mer å vise vårt samfunn hvorfor våre underskrev hadde rett. og når vi "
"gjør det, vil vi være i stand til å vise at domstolen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Maybe, but I doubt it. These Justices have no financial interest in doing "
"hvis jeg hadde trappet ned fra denne pen bilde av dispassionate "
"rettferdighet, jeg kunne har overbevist."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in January. "
"før det er."
#. PAGE BREAK 253
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After the argument and after the decision, Peter said to me, and publicly, "
"been skeptical of the Court's activism in other cases. Deference was a good "
"thing, even if it left standing a silly law. But where the decision was "
"attacked, it was attacked because it left standing a silly and harmful law. "
-"The New York Times wrote in its editorial,"
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> wrote in its editorial,"
msgstr ""
"etter argumentet og etter vedtaket sa peter til meg, og offentlig, at han "
"var galt. men hvis faktisk at domstolen ikke kunne er blitt overtalt, "
"fordi det igjen en dum og skadelig lov. new york times skrev i sin "
"redaksjonell,"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In effect, the Supreme Court's decision makes it likely that we are seeing "
"menneskeheten er en av grunnene til at vi lever i en tid med slike fruktbart "
"kreative gjære."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bolling, Ruben"
msgstr "Bolling, Ruben"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
"bolling, gjengis på neste side. linjen \"kraftige og velstående\" er en "
"smule urettferdig. Men slag i ansiktet følte akkurat sånn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
-"The New York Times. That \"grand experiment\" we call the \"public domain\" "
-"is over? When I can make light of it, I think, \"Honey, I shrunk the "
-"Constitution.\" But I can rarely make light of it. We had in our "
-"Constitution a commitment to free culture. In the case that I fathered, the "
-"Supreme Court effectively renounced that commitment. A better lawyer would "
-"have made them see differently."
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That \"grand experiment\" we call "
+"the \"public domain\" is over? When I can make light of it, I think, "
+"\"Honey, I shrunk the Constitution.\" But I can rarely make light of it. We "
+"had in our Constitution a commitment to free culture. In the case that I "
+"fathered, the Supreme Court effectively renounced that commitment. A better "
+"lawyer would have made them see differently."
msgstr ""
"bildet som vil alltid holde i hodet mitt er som utløste ved sitat fra new "
"york times. at \"store eksperimentet\" vi kaller \"public domain\" er over? "
"engasjement for fri kultur. i tilfelle at jeg far, avkall Høyesterett "
"effektivt at satsing. ha ville gjort en bedre advokat dem se annerledes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Eldred II"
msgstr "Kapittel fjorten: Eldred II"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The day Eldred was decided, fate would have it that I was to travel to "
-"Washington, D.C. (The day the rehearing petition in Eldred was denied—"
-"meaning the case was really finally over—fate would have it that I was "
-"giving a speech to technologists at Disney World.) This was a particularly "
-"long flight to my least favorite city. The drive into the city from Dulles "
-"was delayed because of traffic, so I opened up my computer and wrote an op-"
-"ed piece."
+"The day <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was decided, fate would have it that I "
+"was to travel to Washington, D.C. (The day the rehearing petition in "
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> was denied—meaning the case was really "
+"finally over—fate would have it that I was giving a speech to "
+"technologists at Disney World.) This was a particularly long flight to my "
+"least favorite city. The drive into the city from Dulles was delayed because "
+"of traffic, so I opened up my computer and wrote an op-ed piece."
msgstr ""
"dag-eldred ble besluttet, men skjebnen ville at som jeg var å reise til "
"washington, DC (dagen rehearing protestskriv i eldred ble nektet—noe "
"forsinket på grunn av trafikk, så jeg åpnet opp min datamaskin, og skrev en "
"op-ed brikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
"politikk."
#. PAGE BREAK 256
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The New York Times published the piece. In it, I proposed a simple fix: "
-"Fifty years after a work has been published, the copyright owner would be "
-"required to register the work and pay a small fee. If he paid the fee, he "
-"got the benefit of the full term of copyright. If he did not, the work "
-"passed into the public domain."
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle> published the piece. In it, I "
+"proposed a simple fix: Fifty years after a work has been published, the "
+"copyright owner would be required to register the work and pay a small fee. "
+"If he paid the fee, he got the benefit of the full term of copyright. If he "
+"did not, the work passed into the public domain."
msgstr ""
"new york times publisert arb. i den, jeg foreslått en enkel Fiks: femti år "
"etter at et arbeid er publisert, eieren av opphavsretten ville være "
"gebyret, fikk han fordelen med full sikt av opphavsrett. Hvis han ikke "
"gjorde bestått arbeidet i public domain."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We called this the Eldred Act, but that was just to give it a name. Eric "
"eldred var slag nok å la hans navn brukes igjen, men som han sa tidlig, det "
"vil ikke få gått med mindre det er et annet navn."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
"av kunnskap. La det for så lenge Kongressen tillater for disse arbeider der "
"er verdt minst $1. men for alt annet, kan du la til innhold gå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Forbes, Steve"
msgstr "Forbes, Steve"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reaction to this idea was amazingly strong. Steve Forbes endorsed it in "
"demokratene og republikanerne på dette problemet. noen kan gjenkjenne de "
"dumme skader som dagens ordning."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Indeed, many recognized the obvious benefit of the registration "
"systemet vil redusere disse kostnadene ved å etablere minst én registret der "
"eiere av opphavsretter kan identifiseres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berlin Act (1908)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Berne Convention (1908)"
msgstr "Bern-konvensjonen (1908)"
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Until the 1908 Berlin Act of the Berne Convention, national copyright "
"books published in the United Kingdom must be deposited in the British "
"Library. The German Copyright Act provides for a Registrar of Authors where "
"the author's true name can be filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous "
-"works. Paul Goldstein, International Intellectual Property Law, Cases and "
-"Materials (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), 153–54."
+"works. Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, "
+"Cases and Materials</citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), "
+"153–54."
msgstr ""
"før det 1908 berlin handle av berne konvensjonen, nasjonal opphavsrett "
"lovgivning noen ganger gjort beskyttelse som er avhengige av samsvar med "
"anonym eller pseudonymous fungerer. Paul goldstein, lovgivning for "
"immaterielle, saker og materialer (new york: foundation press, 2001), 15354."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"As I described in chapter 10, formalities in copyright law were removed in "
"1976, when Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal "
"creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
"kreativitet\" er ødelagt når det er ingen enkel måte å vite hva er beskyttet "
"og hva som ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The fight against formalities achieved its first real victory in Berlin in "
"to require copyright terms of life plus fifty years, as well as the "
"abolition of copyright formalities. The formalities were hated because the "
"stories of inadvertent loss were increasingly common. It was as if a Charles "
-"Dickens character ran all copyright offices, and the failure to dot an i or "
-"cross a t resulted in the loss of widows' only income."
+"Dickens character ran all copyright offices, and the failure to dot an "
+"<citetitle>i</citetitle> or cross a <citetitle>t</citetitle> resulted in the "
+"loss of widows' only income."
msgstr ""
"kampen mot formaliteter oppnådde sin første virkelige seier i berlin i 1908. "
"internasjonal opphavsrett advokater endret berne konvensjonen i 1908, til å "
"charles dickens tegn kjørte alle opphavsrett kontorer, og unnlatelse av å "
"dot en i eller på tvers av en t ført til tap av enker eneste inntekt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These complaints were real and sensible. And the strictness of the "
"formaliteter helt, burde svaret i berlin vært å omfavne en mer rettferdig "
"system for registrering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Even that would have been resisted, however, because registration in the "
"unødvendig regulatoriske belastning påtvang skapere."
#. PAGE BREAK 258
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to the practical complaint of authors in 1908, there was a moral "
"alle som ville stjele tabellen, om han har informert regjeringen av sitt "
"eierskap av tabellen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This argument is correct, but its implications are misleading. For the "
"formaliteter svarer på spesielle fysikk av kreative eiendom, å sikre at det "
"kan være effektivt og ganske spredt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one thinks, for example, that land is second-class property just because "
"eiendommen eier, men de byrdene produserer et mye bedre system av "
"beskyttelse for egenskapen generelt."
-#. PAGE BREAK 259
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is similarly special physics that makes formalities important in "
"And like a car, there's no way to buy and sell creative property with "
"confidence unless there is some simple way to authenticate who is the author "
"and what rights he has. Simple transactions are destroyed in a world without "
-"formalities. Complex, expensive, lawyer transactions take their place."
+"formalities. Complex, expensive, <emphasis>lawyer</emphasis> transactions "
+"take their place. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"på samme måte er det spesielle fysikk som gjør formaliteter viktig i lov om "
"opphavsrett. i motsetning til en snekker tabell er det ingenting i naturen "
"hvilke rettigheter han har. enkle transaksjoner er ødelagt i en verden uten "
"formaliteter. komplisert, dyrt, advokat transaksjoner ta sin plass."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
"fjorten år, ville under underskrev system, et arbeid presumptively "
"kontrolleres. etter fjorten år, ville det være presumptively ukontrollerte."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But now that copyrights can be just about a century long, the inability to "
"burden on the creative process. If the only way a library can offer an "
"Internet exhibit about the New Deal is to hire a lawyer to clear the rights "
"to every image and sound, then the copyright system is burdening creativity "
-"in a way that has never been seen before because there are no formalities."
+"in a way that has never been seen before <emphasis>because there are no "
+"formalities</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"men nå som opphavsrett kan være omtrent et århundre lang, manglende evne til "
"å vite hva er beskyttet og hva er ikke beskyttet blir en stor og åpenbare "
"systemet bebyrde kreativitet på en måte som aldri har vært sett før fordi "
"det er ingen formaliteter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Eldred Act was designed to respond to exactly this problem. If it is "
"tillatelse hvis de vil bruke arbeidet. og du vil få nytte av en utvidet "
"opphavsrett sikt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If it isn't worth it to you to register to get the benefit of an extended "
"der alle kan kopiere den, eller bygge arkivet med det eller opprette en film "
"basert på den. Det bør bli gratis hvis det ikke er verdt $1 for deg."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Some worry about the burden on authors. Won't the burden of registering the "
"work mean that the $1 is really misleading? Isn't the hassle worth more than "
"registrering?"
#. PAGE BREAK 260
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is. The hassle is terrible. The system that exists now is awful. I "
"completely agree that the Copyright Office has done a terrible job (no doubt "
"because they are terribly funded) in enabling simple and cheap "
"registrations. Any real solution to the problem of formalities must address "
-"the real problem of governments standing at the core of any system of "
-"formalities. In this book, I offer such a solution. That solution "
-"essentially remakes the Copyright Office. For now, assume it was Amazon that "
-"ran the registration system. Assume it was one-click registration. The "
-"Eldred Act would propose a simple, one-click registration fifty years after "
-"a work was published. Based upon historical data, that system would move up "
-"to 98 percent of commercial work, commercial work that no longer had a "
-"commercial life, into the public domain within fifty years. What do you "
-"think?"
+"the real problem of <emphasis>governments</emphasis> standing at the core of "
+"any system of formalities. In this book, I offer such a solution. That "
+"solution essentially remakes the Copyright Office. For now, assume it was "
+"Amazon that ran the registration system. Assume it was one-click "
+"registration. The Eldred Act would propose a simple, one-click registration "
+"fifty years after a work was published. Based upon historical data, that "
+"system would move up to 98 percent of commercial work, commercial work that "
+"no longer had a commercial life, into the public domain within fifty years. "
+"What do you think?"
msgstr ""
"Det stemmer. Ekstraarbeidet er forferdelig. Systemet som finnes nå er "
"grufult. Jeg helt enig at opphavsrettkontoret har gjort en dårlig jobb "
"fungerer som ikke lenger hadde en kommersiell levetid, i public domain innen "
"femti år. hva tror du?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"When Steve Forbes endorsed the idea, some in Washington began to pay "
"attention. Many people contacted me pointing to representatives who might be "
"introdusere en Eldred-lov. og jeg hadde noen få som foreslo direkte at de "
"kan være villige til å ta det første skrittet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Lofgren, Zoe"
+msgstr "Lofgren, Zoe"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
"bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
"imposed the simplest requirement upon copyright owners possible. In May "
"2003, it looked as if the bill would be introduced. On May 16, I posted on "
"the Eldred Act blog, \"we are close.\" There was a general reaction in the "
-"blog community that something good might happen here."
+"blog community that something good might happen here. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"En representant, Zoe Lofgren fra California, gikk så langt som å få "
"lovforslaget utarbeidet. Utkastet løste noen problemer med internasjonal "
"lov. Det påla de enklest mulige forutsetninger på innehaverne av "
"opphavsretter. I mai 2003 så det ut som om loven skulle være introdusert. "
"16. mai, postet jeg på Eldred Act-bloggen, \"vi er nære\". Det oppstod en "
-"generell reaksjon i blogg-samfunnet om at noe godt kanne skje her."
+"generell reaksjon i blogg-samfunnet om at noe godt kunne skje her. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But at this stage, the lobbyists began to intervene. Jack Valenti and the "
"om."
#. PAGE BREAK 261
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The MPAA argued first that Congress had \"firmly rejected the central "
"skjedde i public domain. men hva risikoen er at? Hvis det er allemannseie, "
"deretter er filmen en gyldig avledet bruk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, the MPAA argued that existing law enabled copyright owners to do "
"er fri til å gi bort deres copyright eller ikke—kontroversielle krav i "
"alle fall—hvis de ikke kjenner om opphavsretten, sannsynligvis de ikke."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the beginning of this book, I told two stories about the law reacting to "
"tilfelle gjorde de interessen har makt til å beskytte seg mot denne nye "
"konkurransedyktig trusselen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I used these two cases as a way to frame the war that this book has been "
"about. For here, too, a new technology is forcing the law to react. And "
"sunne fornuften?"
#. PAGE BREAK 262
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the issue is piracy, it is right for the law to back the copyright "
"hollywood: de fleste folk ikke gjenkjenner årsakene til å begrense "
"opphavsrett vilkår; Det er derfor fremdeles mulig å se god tro i motstanden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But when the copyright owners oppose a proposal such as the Eldred Act, "
"verden. så når warriors motsette en endring som dette, bør vi ber ett enkelt "
"spørsmål:"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
msgid "What does this industry really want?"
msgstr "Hva ønsker denne industrien egentlig?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With very little effort, the warriors could protect their content. So the "
"effort to block something like the Eldred Act is not really about protecting "
-"their content. The effort to block the Eldred Act is an effort to assure "
-"that nothing more passes into the public domain. It is another step to "
-"assure that the public domain will never compete, that there will be no use "
-"of content that is not commercially controlled, and that there will be no "
-"commercial use of content that doesn't require their permission first."
+"<emphasis>their</emphasis> content. The effort to block the Eldred Act is an "
+"effort to assure that nothing more passes into the public domain. It is "
+"another step to assure that the public domain will never compete, that there "
+"will be no use of content that is not commercially controlled, and that "
+"there will be no commercial use of content that doesn't require "
+"<emphasis>their</emphasis> permission first."
msgstr ""
"med svært liten innsats, kunne warriors beskytte deres innhold. så innsatsen "
"for å blokkere noe som eldred loven er ikke virkelig om å beskytte sitt "
"innhold som ikke er kommersielt kontrollert, og at det vil være ingen "
"kommersiell bruk av innhold som ikke krever at deres tillatelse først."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
"most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
"the protection of \"property\" but the rejection of a tradition. Their aim "
-"is not simply to protect what is theirs. Their aim is to assure that all "
-"there is is what is theirs."
+"is not simply to protect what is theirs. <emphasis>Their aim is to assure "
+"that all there is is what is theirs</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"motstanden mot loven eldred avslører hvordan ekstreme den andre siden er. "
"mektigste og sexy og godt elsket av lobbies virkelig har som målet ikke "
"er deres."
#. PAGE BREAK 263
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is not hard to understand why the warriors take this view. It is not hard "
"som er koblet til et offentlig som nå har mulighet til å opprette med det og "
"dele sin egen etablering."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What is hard to understand is why the public takes this view. It is as if "
"at disse eksterne og glemt innehaver av opphavsrett kan blokkere fremdriften "
"for andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
"eieren og få tillatelse til å bygge på hans arbeid. fremtiden vil bli "
"kontrollert av denne døde (og ofte unfindable) hånden av fortiden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "CONCLUSION"
msgstr "Konklusjon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There are more than 35 million people with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-"
"five million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. Seventeen million have "
"proporsjonalt med syv millioner amerikanere. Viktigere er det at dette er "
"17 millioner afrikanere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression. "
"These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
"usynlig."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
"only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing world receive "
"them—and half of them are in Brazil."
msgstr ""
+"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #55</"
+"ulink>. I følge en pressemelding fra verdens helseorganisasjon sendt ut 9. "
+"juli 2002, mottar kun 320 000 av de 6 millioner som trenger medisiner i "
+"utviklingsland dem de trenger—og halvparten av dem er i Brasil."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
"States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
"\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 265
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
"expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by patents. "
"hente ut så mye de kan fra markedet. Ved hjelp av denne makten holder de "
"prisene høye."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
"not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
"som vil argumentere for at loven skal avskaffe dette, i det minste uten "
"andre endringer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
"thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
"se etter måter å importere HIV-medisiner til kostnader betydelig under "
"markedspris."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Braithwaite, John"
msgstr "Braithwaite, John"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns "
+#| "the Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder "
+#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
-"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
-"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: "
+"<citetitle>Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New "
+"Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the "
"Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 37. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
"importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a Report Prepared "
-"for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D.C., 2000), "
-"14, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #56</"
-"ulink>. For a firsthand account of the struggle over South Africa, see "
-"Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human "
-"Resources, House Committee on Government Reform, H. Rep., 1st sess., Ser. "
-"No. 106-126 (22 July 1999), 150–57 (statement of James Love)."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
+"Report Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
+"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 14, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #56</ulink>. For a firsthand account of the struggle over "
+"South Africa, see Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug "
+"Policy, and Human Resources, House Committee on Government Reform, H. Rep., "
+"1st sess., Ser. No. 106-126 (22 July 1999), 150–57 (statement of James "
+"Love)."
msgstr ""
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a Report Prepared "
-"for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D.C., 2000), "
-"15."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
+"Report Prepared for the World Intellectual Property Organization</citetitle> "
+"(Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
msgstr ""
-"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), Patent Protection and "
-"Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, en rapport "
-"forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization (Washington, D."
-"C., 2000), 15."
+"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
+"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, en "
+"rapport forberedt for the World Intellectual Property Organization</"
+"citetitle> (Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
"opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
"effekt på behandlingen av AIDS i Sør-Afrika.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"We should place the intervention by the United States in context. No doubt "
"patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
"prisen. Så uansett, massiv eller marginal, så var det en effekt av våre "
"myndigheters intervensjon for å stoppe flyten av medisiner inn til Afrika."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
"government was not saving drugs for United States citizens. This is not "
"i Afrika og gjøre disse kjemikaliene om til medisiner som kan redde 15 til "
"30 millioner liv."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
"of United States drug companies—at least, not substantially. It was "
#. f5.
#. PAGE BREAK 333
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See Sabin Russell, \"New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's Needs at "
-"Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,\" San Francisco Chronicle, 24 May 1999, A1, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> "
-"(\"compulsory licenses and gray markets pose a threat to the entire system "
-"of intellectual property protection\"); Robert Weissman, \"AIDS and "
-"Developing Countries: Democratizing Access to Essential Medicines,\" Foreign "
-"Policy in Focus 4:23 (August 1999), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</ulink> (describing U.S. policy); John A. "
-"Harrelson, \"TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents, and the HIV/AIDS Crisis: Finding "
-"the Proper Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and Compassion, a "
-"Synopsis,\" Widener Law Symposium Journal (Spring 2001): 175."
+"Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,\" <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</"
+"citetitle>, 24 May 1999, A1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> (\"compulsory licenses and gray markets pose a "
+"threat to the entire system of intellectual property protection\"); Robert "
+"Weissman, \"AIDS and Developing Countries: Democratizing Access to Essential "
+"Medicines,\" <citetitle>Foreign Policy in Focus</citetitle> 4:23 (August "
+"1999), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</"
+"ulink> (describing U.S. policy); John A. Harrelson, \"TRIPS, Pharmaceutical "
+"Patents, and the HIV/AIDS Crisis: Finding the Proper Balance Between "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Compassion, a Synopsis,\" "
+"<citetitle>Widener Law Symposium Journal</citetitle> (Spring 2001): 175."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
"which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
"\"intellektuell eiendom\" som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
"intervenere mot Sør-Afrikas mottiltak mot AIDS."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
"when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
"mange døde? Hva slags galskap er det egentlig som tillater at så mange dør "
"for slik en abstraksjon?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations. Their "
"managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation. They push a "
"penger på grunn av en slags korrupsjon i vårt politiske system— en "
"korrupsjon som farmasiselskapene helt klart ikke er ansvarlige for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
"companies would love—they say, and I believe them—to sell their "
"overvunnet."
#. PAGE BREAK 268
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
"grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
"die. And that rational strategy thus becomes framed in terms of this "
"ideal—the sanctity of an idea called \"intellectual property.\""
msgstr ""
-"Et annet problem er derimot ikke enkelt å løse. Det er frykten for at en "
-"politiker som skal vise seg og kaller inn lederne hos medisinprodusentene "
-"til høring i senatet eller overhuset og spør, \"hvordan har det seg at du "
-"kan selge HIV-medisinen i Afrika for bare $1 pr. pille, mens samme pille "
-"koster en amerikansker $1500?\" fordi ingen har et \"kjapt svar\" på det "
-"spørsmålet, effekten ville være å indusere regulering av priser i Amerika. "
-"stoffet selskaper dermed unngå denne spiral ved å unngå det første trinnet. "
-"de forsterke idéen om at egenskapen skal være hellig. de vedta en rasjonell "
-"strategi i en irrasjonell kontekst, med de utilsiktede konsekvensene som "
-"kanskje millioner dø. og at rasjonell strategi dermed ramme når det gjelder "
-"dette ideelle—sanctity av en idé som kalles \"immaterielle.\""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"Et annet problem kan derimot ikke løses. Det er frykten for at en politiker "
+"som skal vise seg og kaller inn lederne hos medisinprodusentene til høring i "
+"senatet eller representantenes hus og spør, \"hvordan har det seg at du kan "
+"selge HIV-medisinen i Afrika for bare $1 pr. pille, mens samme pille koster "
+"en amerikansker $1500?\" Da det ikke finnes et \"kjapt svar\" på det "
+"spørsmålet, ville effekten bli regulering av priser i Amerika. "
+"Medisinprodusentene unngård dermed denne spiralen ved å sikre at det første "
+"steget ikke tas. De forsterker idéen om at eierrettigheter skal være "
+"ukrenkelige. De legger seg på en rasjonell strategi i en irrasjonell "
+"omgivelse, med den utilsiktede konsekvens at kanskje millioner dør. Og den "
+"rasjonelle strategien rammes dermed inn ved hjel av dette ideal—"
+"helligheten til en idé som kalles \"immaterielle rettigheter\"."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
"When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
"sunne fornuften hos en generasjon endelig gjør opprør mot hva vi har gjort, "
"hvordan vil vi rettferdiggjøre det? Hva er argumentet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
"system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same way. "
"patentpolitikken i denne forstand vært balansert."
#. PAGE BREAK 269
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
"critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism. "
"som vil gjenvinne retten til å dyrke vår kultur er å finne en måte å få "
"denne sunne fornuften til å åpne sine øyne."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
"for fri kultur."
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-msgid ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, August "
-"2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting "
-"Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William "
-"New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" National "
-"Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, "
+#| "August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+#| "\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' "
+#| "Meeting Spurs Stir,\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August "
+#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</"
+#| "ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,"
+#| "\" National Journal's Technology Daily, 19 August 2003, available at "
+#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
+"Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on "
+"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
+"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes "
+"`Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
+"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" Washington Post, august "
"2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"National Journal's Technology Daily, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by "
"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting."
"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included \"open "
"source and free software.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en avgjørelse fra World Intellectual "
+"Property Organiation om å avlyse et møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> På forespørsel fra en lang rekke med interresenter hadde WIPO "
+"bestemt å avholde et møte for å diskutere \"åpne og sammarbeidende "
+"prosjekter for å skape goder for felleskapet\". Disse prosjektene som hadde "
+"lyktes i å produsere goder for fellesskapet uten å basere seg eksklusivt på "
+"bruken av proprietære immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler inkluderer "
+"internettet og verdensveven, begge som ble utviklet på grunnlag av "
+"protokoller i allemannseie. Det hadde med en begynnende trend for å støtte "
+"åpne akademiske tidsskrifter, og inkluderte Public Library of Science-"
+"prosjektet som jeg beskriver i etterordet. Det inkluderte et prosjekt for a "
+"utvikle enkeltnukleotidforskjeller (SNPs), som er antatt å få stor betydning "
+"i biomedisinsk forskning. (Dette ideelle prosjektet besto av et konsortium "
+"av Wellcome Trust og farmasøytiske og teknologiske selskaper, inkludert "
+"Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, "
+"Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og "
+"Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen "
+"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
"common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
"begrensninger på hvordan proprietære krav kan bli brukt."
#. f7.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
"meeting."
msgstr "Jeg bør nevne at jeg var en av folkene som ba WIPO om dette møtet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was ideal."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its scope "
"discussion, since WIPO is the preeminent international body dealing with "
"intellectual property issues."
msgstr ""
-"Dermed var, fra perspektivet i denne boken, denne konferansen "
-"ideell.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Prosjektene innenfor "
-"temaet var både kommersielle og ikkekommersielle verker. De "
-"involverte i hovedsak vitenskapet, men fra mange perspektiver. Og "
-"WIPO var et ideelt sted for denne diskusjonen, siden WIPO var den "
-"fremstående internasjonale aktør som drev med immaterielle "
-"rettighetsspørsmål."
+"Dermed var, fra perspektivet i denne boken, denne konferansen ideell."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Prosjektene innenfor temaet var "
+"både kommersielle og ikkekommersielle verker. De involverte i hovedsak "
+"vitenskapet, men fra mange perspektiver. Og WIPO var et ideelt sted for "
+"denne diskusjonen, siden WIPO var den fremstående internasjonale aktør som "
+"drev med immaterielle rettighetsspørsmål."
#. PAGE BREAK 271
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
"WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
"much intellectual property is needed, since in my view, the very idea of "
"balance in intellectual property had been lost."
msgstr ""
-"faktisk var jeg en gang offentlig scolded for ikke å kjenne igjen dette "
-"faktum om wipo. i februar 2003 leveres jeg en keynote-adressen til en "
-"forberedende konferanse for toppmøtet i verden på informasjonssamfunnet "
-"(wsis). på en pressekonferanse før adressen, ble jeg spurt hva jeg vil si. "
-"Jeg svarte at jeg skulle snakke litt om betydningen av balanse i "
-"immaterielle for utviklingen av en informasjonssamfunn. moderator for "
-"hendelsen deretter umiddelbart avbrutt for å informere meg og sammensatte "
-"journalister at ingen tvil om immaterielle vil bli diskutert av wsis, siden "
-"disse spørsmålene var at et eksklusivt domene av wipo. i talk at jeg hadde "
-"forberedt, hadde jeg faktisk gjorde saken av åndsverk som er relativt små. "
-"men etter denne forbløffende erklæringen, jeg gjorde immaterielle eneste "
-"fokus på mitt snakk. Det var ikke mulig å snakke om en "
-"\"informasjonssamfunnet\", med mindre en også snakket om omfanget av "
-"informasjon og kultur som vil være gratis. min snakk gjorde ikke min "
-"immoderate moderator veldig glad. og hun var uten tvil riktig at omfanget av "
-"beskyttelse av intellektuell eiendom var vanligvis ting av wipo. men etter "
-"min mening, det kunne ikke være for mye av en samtale om hvor mye "
-"immaterielle er nødvendig, siden etter mitt syn er selve idéen om balanse i "
-"immaterielle hadde gått tapt."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+"Faktisk fikk jeg en gang offentlig kjeft for å ikke anerkjenne dette faktum "
+"om WIPO. I februar 2003 leverte jeg et hovedinnlegg på en forberedende "
+"konferanse for World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). På en "
+"pressekonferanse før innlegget, ble jeg spurt hva jeg skulle snakke om. Jeg "
+"svarte at jeg skulle snakke litt om viktigheten av balanse rundt "
+"immaterielle verdier for utviklingen av informasjonssamfunnet. Ordstyreren "
+"på arrangementet avbrøt meg da brått for å informere meg og journalistene "
+"tilstede at ingen spørsmål rundt immaterielle verdier ville bli diskutert av "
+"WSIS, da slike spørsmål kun skulle diskuteres i WIPO. I innlegget jeg hadde "
+"forberedt var temaet om immaterielle verdier en forholdvis liten del av det "
+"hele. Men etter denne forbløffende uttalelsen, gjorde jeg immaterielle "
+"verdier til hovedfokus for mitt innlegg. Det var ikke mulig å snakke om et "
+"\"informasjonssamfunn\" uten at en også snakket om andelen av informasjon og "
+"kultur som ikke er vernet av opphavsretten. Mitt innlegg gjorde ikke min "
+"overivrige moderator veldig glad. Og hun hadde uten tvil rett i at omfanget "
+"til vern av immaterielle rettigheter normalt hørte inn under WIPO. Men "
+"etter mitt syn, kunne det ikke bli for mye diskusjon om hvor mye "
+"immaterielle rettigheter som trengs, siden etter mitt syn, hadde selve ideen "
+"om en balanse rundt immaterielle rettigheter hadde gått tapt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
"thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
"møtet om \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder\" virker "
"å passe perfekt for WIPOs agenda."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
"least among lobbyists. That project is \"open source and free software.\" "
"programvare,\" til sine egne interne behov."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
+#| "sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
+#| "\"open source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's "
+#| "principal opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft"
+#| "\" license, meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the "
+#| "same terms on any derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of "
+#| "Software: Enabling the Marketplace to Decide,\" Government Policy Toward "
+#| "Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
+#| "Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
+#| "Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+#| "notes/\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice "
+#| "president, The Commercial Software Model, discussion at New York "
+#| "University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url="
+#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with \"open "
"opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft\" license, "
"meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the same terms on any "
"derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling "
-"the Marketplace to Decide,\" Government Policy Toward Open Source Software "
-"(Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, "
-"American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. "
-"See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, The Commercial "
-"Software Model, discussion at New York University Stern School of Business "
-"(3 May 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#63</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+"the Marketplace to Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source "
+"Software</citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
+"Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
+"Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, "
+"<citetitle>The Commercial Software Model</citetitle>, discussion at New York "
+"University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+"Microsofts posisjon om åpen kildekode og fri programvare er mer "
+"sofistikert. De har flere ganger forklart at de har ikke noe problem med "
+"programvare som er \"åpen kildekode\" eller programvare som er "
+"allemannseie. Microsofts prinsipielle motstand er mot \"fri programvare\" "
+"lisensiert med en \"copyleft\"-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
+"som lisensierer skal adoptere same vilkår for ethvert avledet verk. Se "
+"Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
+"Decide,\" Government Policy Toward Open Source Software (Washington, D.C.: "
+"AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise "
+"Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. Se også Craig Mundie, "
+"Microsoft senior vice president, The Commercial Software Model, diskusjon "
+"ved New York University Stern School of Business (3. mai 2001), tilgjengelig "
+"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make "
+#| "clear that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
+#| "software. There are many important companies that depend fundamentally "
+#| "upon open source and free software, IBM being the most prominent. IBM is "
+#| "increasingly shifting its focus to the GNU/Linux operating system, the "
+#| "most famous bit of \"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a "
+#| "commercial entity. Thus, to support \"open source and free software\" is "
+#| "not to oppose commercial entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of "
+#| "software development that is different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type="
+#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
"that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial software. "
"\"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a commercial entity. Thus, "
"to support \"open source and free software\" is not to oppose commercial "
"entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software development that is "
-"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Jeg mener ikke å gå inn i den debatten her. Det er viktig kun for å gjøre "
+"det klart at skillet ikke er mellom kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell "
+"programvare. Det er mange viktige selskaper som er fundamentalt avhengig av "
+"fri programvare, der IBM er den mest fremtredende. IBM har i stadig større "
+"grad skiftet sitt fokus til GNU/Linux-operativsystemet, det mest berømte "
+"biten av \"fri programvare\"—og IBM er helt klart en kommernsiell "
+"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte \"fri programvare\" ikke å motsette seg "
+"kommersielle aktører. Det er i stedet å støtte en måte å drive "
+"programvareutvikling som er forskjellig fra Microsofts.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 272
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"More important for our purposes, to support \"open source and free software"
"\" is not to oppose copyright. \"Open source and free software\" is not "
"opphavsrettsloven som Microsoft."
#. f9.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
"Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
"use its lobbyists to get the United States government to oppose it, as well. "
"And indeed, that is just what was reported to have happened. According to "
-"Jonathan Krim of the Washington Post, Microsoft's lobbyists succeeded in "
-"getting the United States government to veto the meeting.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And without U.S. backing, the meeting was canceled."
+"Jonathan Krim of the <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, Microsoft's "
+"lobbyists succeeded in getting the United States government to veto the "
+"meeting.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And without U.S. backing, "
+"the meeting was canceled."
msgstr ""
"Det er dermed forståelig at Microsoft, som utviklere av proprietær "
"programvare, gikk imot et slikt WIPO-møte, og like fullt forståelig at de "
"bruker sine lobbyister til å få USAs myndigheter til å gå imot møtet. Og "
"ganske riktig, det er akkurat dette som i følge rapporter hadde skjedd. I "
-"følge Jonathan Krim i Washington Post, lyktes Microsofts lobbyister i å få "
-"USAs myndigheter til å legge ned veto mot et slikt møte.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Og uten støtte fra USA ble møtet avlyst."
+"følge Jonathan Krim i <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, lyktes "
+"Microsofts lobbyister i å få USAs myndigheter til å legge ned veto mot et "
+"slikt møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Og uten støtte fra USA "
+"ble møtet avlyst."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
"consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
"lobbyvirksomhet, og ikke veldig overraskende at den mektigste "
"programvareprodusenten i USA har lyktes med sin lobbyvirksomhet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
"the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
"holde et møte som har som formål å fraskrive seg eller frafalle slike "
"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
msgstr "Disse utsagnene er forbløffende på flere nivåer."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
"software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
"jusstudent, men pinlig fra en høyt plassert statstjenestemann som håndterer "
"utfordringer rundt immaterielle rettigheter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to \"promote\" "
"intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the preparatory "
"it have been better if the protocols of the Internet had been patented?"
msgstr ""
"For det andre, hvem har noen gang hevdet at WIPOs eksklusive mål var å "
-"\"fremme\" immaterielle maksimalt? som jeg hadde vært scolded på "
-"forberedende konferansen av WSIS, WIPO er å vurdere hvordan man best kan "
-"beskytte åndsverk, men også hva beste balanse av åndsverk. som alle økonom "
-"og advokat vet, er det vanskelige spørsmålet i lovgivning for immaterielle å "
-"finne denne balansen. men at det bør være grensene er, jeg hadde tenkt, "
-"ubestridt. man ønsker å spørre ms. Boland, er generiske legemidler "
-"(legemidler basert på narkotika med patent har utløpt) i strid med wipo-"
-"oppdrag? allemannseie svekke immaterielle? ville det ha vært bedre hvis "
-"protokoller av Internett hadde vært patenterte?"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+"\"fremme\" immaterielle rettigheter maksimalt? Som jeg fikk kjeft om på den "
+"forberedende konferansen til WSIS, skal WIPO vurdere ikke bare hvordan best "
+"beskytte immaterielle rettigheter, men også hva som er den beste balansen "
+"rundt immaterielle rettigheter. Som enhver økonom og advokat vet, er det "
+"vanskelige spørsmålet i immaterielle rettighetsjuss å finne den balansen. "
+"Men at det skulle være en grense, trodde jeg, var ubestridt. Man ønsker å "
+"spørre Ms. boland om generelle medisiner (medisiner basert på medisiner med "
+"patenter som er utløpt) i strid med WIPOs oppdrag? Svekker allemannseie "
+"immaterielle rettigheter? Ville det vært bedre om internettets protokoller "
+"hadde vært patentert?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
"intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
"are held by individuals and corporations. They get to decide what to do with "
-"those rights because, again, they are their rights. If they want to \"waive"
-"\" or \"disclaim\" their rights, that is, within our tradition, totally "
-"appropriate. When Bill Gates gives away more than $20 billion to do good in "
-"the world, that is not inconsistent with the objectives of the property "
-"system. That is, on the contrary, just what a property system is supposed to "
-"be about: giving individuals the right to decide what to do with their "
-"property. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"those rights because, again, they are <emphasis>their</emphasis> rights. If "
+"they want to \"waive\" or \"disclaim\" their rights, that is, within our "
+"tradition, totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives away more than $20 "
+"billion to do good in the world, that is not inconsistent with the "
+"objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just what a "
+"property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right to "
+"decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"For det tredje, selv om en tror at formålet med WIPO var å maksimere "
"immaterielle rettigheter, så innehas immaterielle rettigheter, i vår "
-"tradisjon, av individer og selskaper. De får bestemme hva som skal "
-"gjøres med disse rettighetene, igjen fordi det er deres rettigeter. "
-"Hvis de ønsker å \"frafalle\" eller \"frasi\" seg sine rettigheter, så "
-"er det helt etter boka i vår tradisjon. Når Bill Gates gir bort mer "
-"enn $20 milliarder til gode formål, så er ikke det uforenelig med "
+"tradisjon, av individer og selskaper. De får bestemme hva som skal gjøres "
+"med disse rettighetene, igjen fordi det er <emphasis>de</emphasis> som eier "
+"rettigetene. Hvis de ønsker å \"frafalle\" eller \"frasi\" seg sine "
+"rettigheter, så er det helt etter boka i vår tradisjon. Når Bill Gates gir "
+"bort mer enn $20 milliarder til gode formål, så er ikke det uforenelig med "
"målene til eiendomssystemet. Det er heller tvert i mot, akkurat hva "
-"eiendomssysstemet er ment å oppnå, at individer har retten til å "
-"bestemme hva de vil gjøre med sin eiendom. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"eiendomssysstemet er ment å oppnå, at individer har retten til å bestemme "
+"hva de vil gjøre med <emphasis>sin</emphasis> eiendom. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 274
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting \"which "
"has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,\" she's saying that "
"interessen til WIPO ikke bare er maksimale immaterielle rettigheter, men "
"også at de skal utøves på den mest ekstreme og restriktive mulig måten."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
"Anglo-American tradition. It is called \"feudalism.\" Under feudalism, not "
"depended upon maximum control and concentration. It fought any freedom that "
"might interfere with that control."
msgstr ""
-"Det er en historie om bare slikt eierskapssystem som er godt kjent i anglo-"
-"amerikanske tradisjonen. Det kalles \"føydalisme\". Under føydalisme, ikke "
-"bare var eierskap holdt av et relativt lite antall individer og entiteter. "
-"og ikke bare var de samme rettighetene som kjørte med egenskapen kraftig og "
-"omfattende. men føydale systemet hadde en sterk interesse for å sikre at "
-"eiendom holders i dette systemet ikke svekke føydalisme av frigjørende "
-"personer eller egenskapen innenfor deres kontroll til det frie markedet. "
-"Føydalisme depended upon maksimal kontroll og konsentrasjon. det kjempet "
-"noen friheten som kan forstyrre denne kontrollen."
+"Det er en historie om akkurat et slikt eierskapssystem som er velkjent i den "
+"anglo-amerikansk tradisjon. Det kalles \"føydalisme\". Under føydalismen "
+"var eiendommer ikke bare kontrollert av et relativt lite antall individer og "
+"aktører. Men det føydale systemet hadde en sterk interesse i å sikre at "
+"landeier i systemet ikke svekke føydalismen ved å frigjøre folkene og "
+"eiendomene som de kontrollerte til det frie markedet. Føydalismen var "
+"avhengig av maksimal kontroll og konsentrasjon. Det sloss mot enhver frihet "
+"som kunne forstyrre denne kontrollen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. "
+#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
-"See Drahos with Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
+"
210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Drahos og Braithwaite, Information Feudalism, 210–20. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
"are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> We will have an information society. That much is certain. Our only "
-"choice now is whether that information society will be free or feudal. The "
-"trend is toward the feudal."
+"choice now is whether that information society will be <emphasis>free</"
+"emphasis> or <emphasis>feudal</emphasis>. The trend is toward the feudal."
msgstr ""
+"Som Peter Drahos og John Braithwaite beskriver, dette er nøyaktig det valget "
+"vi nå gjør om immaterielle rettigheter.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Vi kommer til å få et informasjonssamfunn. Så mye er sikkert. Vårt "
+"eneste valg nå er hvorvidt dette informasjonssamfunnet skal være "
+"<emphasis>fritt</emphasis> eller <emphasis>føydalt</emphasis>. Trenden er "
+"mot det føydale."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
"section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
"kommentar som gjorde meg trist. En anonym kommentator skrev,"
#. PAGE BREAK 275
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
"should be (\"the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should be to "
"slik Lessig vil at den skal være, er det åpenbart at hun har sagt noe galt. "
"En må alltid være oppmerksom på forskjellen mellom Lessigs og vår verden."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
"the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
"republikanere eller demokrater. Min eneste tilsynelatende illusjon er "
"hvorvidt våre myndigheter bør snakke sant eller ikke.)"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the "
"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the \"goal\" of "
"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. \"Typisk for en "
"akademiker\", kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
"too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
"urealisistiske idealer til akademikere gjennom historien (og ikke bare i "
"vårt eget lands historie)."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
"should be to \"seek balance,\" then count me with the silly, for that means "
"blitt?"
#. PAGE BREAK 276
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the truth. "
"It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something more "
"for å bevare en tradisjon som har vært en del av vår tradisjon for "
"mesteparten av vår historie—fri kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Turner, Ted"
msgstr "Turner, Ted"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon. There are moments "
"of hope in this struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was "
"krav om flere høringer og et annet resultat. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
"Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
"ingen betydnigsfull støtte for FCCs avgjørelse, mens det var bred og "
"vedvarende støtte for å bekjempe ytterligere konsentrasjon i media."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle. Largeness "
"as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
"aktører. Den dårlige kvaliteten til Big Macs eller Quartar Punders betyr "
"ikke at du ikke kan få en god hamburger andre steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
"instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
"eiendomsrettigheter i en historisk ekstrem form—som gjør størrelsen "
"ille."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
"and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
"historie med å slåss mot \"stort\", klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
"motivert til å slåss mot \"store\" igjen ikke noe nytt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
"could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles \"eiendom\" ikke er lenger er "
"godt trent i denne tradisjonen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
"tragedy."
"Hvis vi var Akilles, så ville dette være vår hæl. Dette ville være stedet "
"for våre tragedie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Dylan, Bob"
msgstr "Dylan, Bob"
#. f11.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
+#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
+#| "ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
+#| "September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+#| "\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
+#| "\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New "
+#| "York Daily News, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits "
+#| "Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. "
+#| "Among Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
+#| "\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10 September 2003, "
+#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
+#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
"ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
"September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
+"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
+"<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank "
+"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
+"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</"
+"citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with "
+"RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, september "
+"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
+"8 september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha og Phyllis Furman sammen med Robert Gearty, "
"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" New York "
-"Daily News, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet "
+"Daily News, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet "
"Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among "
-"Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
-"\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10 September 2003, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
+"Defendants,\" Washington Post, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
+"\"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" Wired News, 10. september 2003, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</"
+"ulink>."
#. f12.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued . . . by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, 17 "
"September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
#. f13.
#. PAGE BREAK 334
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA "
"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type="
"Universiteter truer med å utvise ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for å "
"dele innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Creative Commons"
msgstr "Creative Commons"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
msgstr "Gil, Gilberto"
#. f14.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" BBC press release, 24 "
"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"\">link #70</ulink>."
#. f15.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6 August 2003, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</ulink>."
"ulink>."
#. PAGE BREAK 278
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
"will build a \"Creative Archive,\" from which British citizens can download "
"viktigere, det vil kreve at noen omforme RCAene av i dag til Causbyere."
#. PAGE BREAK 279
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
"potential is ever to be realized."
"Sunn fornuft må gjøre opprør. Den må handle for å frigjøre kulturen. Og "
"snart, hvis dette potensialet skal noen gang bli realisert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "AFTERWORD"
msgstr "Etterord"
#. PAGE BREAK 280
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"At least some who have read this far will agree with me that something must "
"be done to change where we are heading. The balance of this book maps what "
"might be done."
msgstr ""
-"I det minste noen som har lest helt hit vil være enig med meg om at noe må "
-"gjøres for å endre hvilken retning vi holder. Balansen i denne boken "
+"I hvert fall noen av de som har lest helt hit vil være enig med meg om at "
+"noe må gjøres for å endre retningen vi holder. Balansen i denne boken "
"kartlegger hva som kan gjøres."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
"remaking sunn fornuft, er det at det krever remaking hvor mange mennesker "
"tenker om det samme problemet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
"musikere, filmskapere, forskere—alle for å fortelle historien med egne "
"ord og å fortelle sine naboer hvorfor denne kampen er så viktig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
"således, i den andre delen nedenfor jeg skissere endringer som Kongressen "
"kan gjøre for å sikre bedre en fri kultur."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><title>
msgid "US, NOW"
msgstr "Oss, nå"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
msgid ""
"Common sense is with the copyright warriors because the debate so far has "
"been framed at the extremes—as a grand either/or: either property or "
"the choice, then the warriors should win."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"du ønsker, uavhengig av om du har tillatelse eller ikke."
#. PAGE BREAK 282
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
"Internett var \"ingen rettigheter reservert.\" innhold ble \"tatt\" "
"uavhengig av rettighetene. alle rettigheter som var effektivt ubeskyttet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
"Internett i dag vil bli en \"få tillatelse til å klippe og lime\" verden som "
"er en creator mareritt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither \"all "
"gratis innhold som de ønsker. med andre ord, trenger vi en måte å "
"gjenopprette et sett med andre friheter som vi bare kunne ta for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
msgstr "Gjenoppbygging av friheter som tidligere var antatt: Eksempler"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
"Internett-vanene dine naboer eller sjefen. du surfer vaner \"personvern\" "
"var trygg på."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid "What made it assured?"
msgstr "Hva gjorde at det var sikret?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter 10, your "
"normer (snooping og sladder er bare morsomt), men i stedet av kostnader som "
"friksjon pålegger på alle som ønsker å spy."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Amazon"
msgstr "Amazon"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"enklere å samle inn data enn ikke. friksjonen har forsvunnet, og dermed alle "
"\"personvern\" beskyttet av friksjonen forsvinner, også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"friksjon i går."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, \"Fair Information Practices and the "
-"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" Stanford Technology Law "
-"Review 1 (2001): par. 6–18, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink> (describing examples in which "
-"technology defines privacy policy). See also Jeffrey Rosen, The Naked Crowd: "
-"Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an Anxious Age (New York: Random House, "
-"2004) (mapping tradeoffs between technology and privacy)."
+"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" <citetitle>Stanford "
+"Technology Law Review</citetitle> 1 (2001): par. 6–18, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink> (describing "
+"examples in which technology defines privacy policy). See also Jeffrey "
+"Rosen, <citetitle>The Naked Crowd: Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an "
+"Anxious Age</citetitle> (New York: Random House, 2004) (mapping tradeoffs "
+"between technology and privacy)."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 284
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define \"privacy\" on "
"the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove what friction "
"affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software movement. "
"maskinen på en ibm-maskin, slik at data Generelt og ibm ikke vare mye om "
"hvordan du styrer deres programvare."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Stallman, Richard"
msgstr "Stallman, Richard"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
"researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
"smarte sorten selv, og en talentfull programmerer, begynte Stallman å basere "
"seg frihet til å legge til eller endre på andre personers arbeid."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
"være gratis å tinker med og forbedre koden som kjørte en maskin. Dette, "
"også, var kunnskap. Hvorfor bør ikke være åpen for kritikk som noe annet?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
"meg å selge en skriver til markedet enn det var for deg."
#. PAGE BREAK 285
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
"og som han mente, hvis han gjorde ikke noe om det, og frihet til å endre og "
"dele programvare ville være grundig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" kernel "
-"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system."
+"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
"andre å bygge på. hans grunnleggende målet var frihet; nyskapende, kreative "
"koden var en byproduct."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
"gjenerobring et mellomrom der fri programvare ville overleve. Han var aktivt "
"beskytter hva før hadde vært passivt garantert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
"journaler er produsert."
#. PAGE BREAK 286
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
"den, er lexis og westlaw også gjerne Belast brukerne for privilegiet av å få "
"tilgang til at Høyesterett mening gjennom sine respektive tjenester."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
"ingenting galt med å selge allemannseie, det kan være noe galt i prinsippet "
"med selger tilgang til materiale som ikke er allemannseie."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
"gjennom proprietære tjenester? Hva om ingen hadde muligheten til å bla "
"gjennom denne data unntatt ved å betale for et abonnement?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
"journaler (arkitektur)—nemlig at det var svært vanskelig å kontrollere "
"tilgangen til en papir-journal."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
"Således, som med personvern og med programvare, en skiftende teknologi og "
"markedet forminske en frihet tatt for gitt før."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
"utskriftsversjon av sitt arbeid, men opphavsretten for utskrift journal "
"forhindre ikke høyre for noen til å videredistribuere arbeidet gratis."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
"konkurransen i vår tradisjon er presumptively en god—spesielt når det "
"bidrar til å spre kunnskap og vitenskap."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
msgstr "Gjenoppbyggeing av fri kultur: En idé"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
"samme strategi som kan brukes til kultur, som et svar på økende kontrollen "
"berørt gjennom lov og teknologi."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
"established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
-"aim is to build a layer of reasonable copyright on top of the extremes that "
-"now reign. It does this by making it easy for people to build upon other "
-"people's work, by making it simple for creators to express the freedom for "
-"others to take and build upon their work. Simple tags, tied to human-"
-"readable descriptions, tied to bulletproof licenses, make this possible."
+"aim is to build a layer of <emphasis>reasonable</emphasis> copyright on top "
+"of the extremes that now reign. It does this by making it easy for people to "
+"build upon other people's work, by making it simple for creators to express "
+"the freedom for others to take and build upon their work. Simple tags, tied "
+"to human-readable descriptions, tied to bulletproof licenses, make this "
+"possible."
msgstr ""
"Angi creative commons. creative commons er et nonprofit selskap etablert i "
"massachusetts, men med sitt hjem ved stanford university. Målet er å bygge "
"vanntett lisenser, gjør dette mulig."
#. PAGE BREAK 288
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"Simple—which means without a middleman, or without a lawyer. By "
-"developing a free set of licenses that people can attach to their content, "
-"Creative Commons aims to mark a range of content that can easily, and "
-"reliably, be built upon. These tags are then linked to machine-readable "
-"versions of the license that enable computers automatically to identify "
-"content that can easily be shared. These three expressions together—a "
-"legal license, a human-readable description, and machine-readable tags—"
-"constitute a Creative Commons license. A Creative Commons license "
-"constitutes a grant of freedom to anyone who accesses the license, and more "
-"importantly, an expression of the ideal that the person associated with the "
-"license believes in something different than the \"All\" or \"No\" extremes. "
-"Content is marked with the CC mark, which does not mean that copyright is "
-"waived, but that certain freedoms are given."
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or "
+"without a lawyer. By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
+"attach to their content, Creative Commons aims to mark a range of content "
+"that can easily, and reliably, be built upon. These tags are then linked to "
+"machine-readable versions of the license that enable computers automatically "
+"to identify content that can easily be shared. These three expressions "
+"together—a legal license, a human-readable description, and machine-"
+"readable tags—constitute a Creative Commons license. A Creative "
+"Commons license constitutes a grant of freedom to anyone who accesses the "
+"license, and more importantly, an expression of the ideal that the person "
+"associated with the license believes in something different than the \"All\" "
+"or \"No\" extremes. Content is marked with the CC mark, which does not mean "
+"that copyright is waived, but that certain freedoms are given."
msgstr ""
"enkel, noe som betyr at uten en mellommann, eller uten en advokat. ved å "
"utvikle et gratis sett av lisenser som folk kan knytte til deres innhold, "
"annet enn \"all\" eller \"Nei\" ekstreme. innholdet er merket med kopi-"
"merket, som ikke betyr at copyright fratres, men at visse friheter er gitt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
"bruk, så lenge alle kopiene ikke er laget. eller til slutt, noen pedagogisk "
"bruk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
"enkeltpersoner og skaperne vil gjøre dette innholdet tilgjengelig. og at "
"innholdet i sin tur kan vi bygge et offentlig-domene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Garlick, Mia"
msgstr "Garlick, Mia"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of "
"kaller dem) hvem hjelpe bygge allemannseie, og ved deres arbeid, demonstrere "
"viktigheten av public domain til andre kreativitet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim is not to fight the \"All Rights Reserved\" sorts. The aim is to "
"bruke dem – er nødvendig. Creative commons gir folk en måte for effektivt å "
"begynne å bygge disse reglene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
"to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
-"fiction author. His first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, was "
-"released on-line and for free, under a Creative Commons license, on the same "
-"day that it went on sale in bookstores."
+"fiction author. His first novel, <citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic "
+"Kingdom</citetitle>, was released on-line and for free, under a Creative "
+"Commons license, on the same day that it went on sale in bookstores."
msgstr ""
"Hvorfor ville skaperne delta i å gi opp full kontroll? noen delta for å "
"bedre spre innholdet. Cory doctorow, for eksempel er en science fiction-"
"nettet og gratis, under en creative commons-lisens på samme dag som det gikk "
"på salg i bokhandler."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
"bad-(1)s. Some part of (2) will download Cory's book, like it, and then "
"decide to buy it. Call them (2)-goods. If there are more (2)-goods than bad-"
"(1)s, the strategy of releasing Cory's book free on-line will probably "
-"increase sales of Cory's book."
+"<emphasis>increase</emphasis> sales of Cory's book."
msgstr ""
"Hvorfor ville en utgiver noensinne samtykker til dette? Jeg mistenker at "
"hans publisher begrunnet som dette: det finnes to grupper av mennesker der "
"(2)-varer enn dårlig-(1) s, strategien for lanserer cory bok gratis on-line "
"trolig vil øke salg av cory's bok."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. "
"første romanen av en science fiction-forfatteren var en total suksess."
#. PAGE BREAK 290
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
"confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
-"book about the free software movement titled Free for All, made an "
-"electronic version of his book free on-line under a Creative Commons license "
-"after the book went out of print. He then monitored used book store prices "
-"for the book. As predicted, as the number of downloads increased, the used "
-"book price for his book increased, as well."
+"book about the free software movement titled <citetitle>Free for All</"
+"citetitle>, made an electronic version of his book free on-line under a "
+"Creative Commons license after the book went out of print. He then monitored "
+"used book store prices for the book. As predicted, as the number of "
+"downloads increased, the used book price for his book increased, as well."
msgstr ""
"idéen at gratis innhold kan øke verdien av nonfree innhold ble bekreftet av "
"opplevelsen av en annen forfatter. Peter wayner, som skrev en bok om fri "
"også."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real Culture Wars "
-"(2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg Hittelman, a Fiat Lucre "
-"production, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#72</ulink>."
+"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
+"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
+"Hittelman, a Fiat Lucre production, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
"noncommercial purposes, to sample content from the licensed work; they are "
"just not free to make full copies of the licensed work available to others. "
"This is consistent with their own art—they, too, sample from others. "
-"Because the legal costs of sampling are so high (Walter Leaphart, manager of "
-"the rap group Public Enemy, which was born sampling the music of others, has "
-"stated that he does not \"allow\" Public Enemy to sample anymore, because "
-"the legal costs are so high<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these "
-"artists release into the creative environment content that others can build "
-"upon, so that their form of creativity might grow."
+"Because the <emphasis>legal</emphasis> costs of sampling are so high (Walter "
+"Leaphart, manager of the rap group Public Enemy, which was born sampling the "
+"music of others, has stated that he does not \"allow\" Public Enemy to "
+"sample anymore, because the legal costs are so high<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these artists release into the creative "
+"environment content that others can build upon, so that their form of "
+"creativity might grow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"det til andre."
#. PAGE BREAK 291
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
"med creative commons-friheter. så er neste trinn å se på og feire skaperne "
"som bygger innhold basert på innhold satt fri."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
"commons, avhengig av frivillig tiltak for å oppnå dette å gjenoppbygge. de "
"vil føre til en verden der flere frivillige trinnene er mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
"forfattere og skaperne å utøve sine rettigheter, mer fleksibelt og billig. "
"at vi tror forskjellen, aktiverer kreativitet å spre lettere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><title>
msgid "THEM, SOON"
msgstr "Dem, snart"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will not reclaim a free culture by individual action alone. It will also "
"til disse idéene og implementere disse reformene. men det betyr også at vi "
"har tid til å bygge opp bevisstheten rundt endringene som vi trenger."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
"skritt, ikke en slutt. men noen av disse trinnene vil bære oss en lang vei "
"til vår side."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "1. More Formalities"
msgstr "1. Flere formaliteter"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
"flybillett, har navnet ditt på den."
#. PAGE BREAK 293
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
"disse er alle formaliteter knyttet til egenskapen. de er krav som vi alle må "
"bære hvis vi ønsker vår eiendom skal beskyttes."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"registrere deg. du trenger ikke engang å merke innholdet. standard er "
"kontrollen, og \"formaliteter\" er kastet ut."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Why?"
msgstr "hvorfor?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I suggested in chapter 10, the motivation to abolish formalities was a "
"loven avslappet formelle krav som en opphavsrettsinnehaveren må bære å "
"beskytte og sikre hans arbeid. disse formaliteter var komme i veien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a burden. "
"records, there is no system to trace— there is no simple way to know "
"how to get permission. Yet given the massive increase in the scope of "
"copyright's rule, getting permission is a necessary step for any work that "
-"builds upon our past. And thus, the lack of formalities forces many into "
-"silence where they otherwise could speak."
+"builds upon our past. And thus, the <emphasis>lack</emphasis> of formalities "
+"forces many into silence where they otherwise could speak."
msgstr ""
"men Internett endrer alt dette. formaliteter trenger i dag ikke være en "
"byrde. verden uten formaliteter er heller verden som byrder kreativitet. i "
"styrker mange i stillhet der de ellers kunne snakke."
#. f1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. "
"jeg tror det vil være fordelaktig for samme idéen om å bli vedtatt av andre "
"land også."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back to the old, "
"formalities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
"gjorde. men et revidert system av formaliteter ville forvise regjeringen fra "
"prosessen, unntatt for formålet å godkjenne standarder utviklet av andre."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><section><title>
msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
msgstr "Registrering og fornying"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
"første reaksjon er panikk—ingenting kunne være verre enn tvinge folk "
"til å håndtere rotet som er copyright kontoret."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
"private selskaper å tjene allmennheten, underlagt standarder som regjeringen "
"angir."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There "
"opp."
#. PAGE BREAK 295
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
"lavere byrden av denne formalitet—mens en database med registreringer "
"som ville forenkler lisensiering av innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><section><title>
msgid "MARKING"
msgstr "Merking"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
"og enda viktigere, det er ingen grunn et merking krav må håndheves jevnt på "
"tvers av alle medier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
"mark gjør det også enkelt å finne en som har opphavsrettighetene for å sikre "
"tillatelse til å bruke arbeidet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
"retten til å straffe noen for ikke å få tillatelse først."
#. f2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
"enn er rettferdiggjort av marginale incitament opprettes."
#. PAGE BREAK 296
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
"published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
"would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
"for å godkjenne standarder for å merke innhold som har vært laget andre "
"steder."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
"marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
"Office would hold a hearing, at which other proposals could be made. The "
"Copyright Office would then select the proposal that it judged preferable, "
-"and it would base that choice solely upon the consideration of which method "
-"could best be integrated into the registration and renewal system. We would "
-"not count on the government to innovate; but we would count on the "
-"government to keep the product of innovation in line with its other "
-"important functions."
+"and it would base that choice <emphasis>solely</emphasis> upon the "
+"consideration of which method could best be integrated into the registration "
+"and renewal system. We would not count on the government to innovate; but we "
+"would count on the government to keep the product of innovation in line with "
+"its other important functions."
msgstr ""
"for eksempel hvis en recording industry association devises en metode for å "
"merke CDer, ville det foreslå som til opphavsrett kontoret. opphavsrett "
"skape noe nytt; men vi vil stole på regjeringen for å holde produktet av "
"innovasjon i tråd med sin andre viktige funksjoner."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. "
"som er tatt i et bestemt år i ett trinn. Målet med formalitet er å unngå "
"unødige belastninger skaperen; selve systemet bør holdes så enkelt som mulig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
"ingenting for å gjøre ting klart. Ja, det synes designet for å gjøre ting "
"som er uklart."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
"type innhold; det ville være enkelt å hevde de rettighetene og å fornye at "
"påstanden på riktig tidspunkt."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
msgstr "2. Kortere vernetid"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
"corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
"authors."
msgstr ""
-"begrepet av opphavsrett har gått fra fjorten år til ninety-fem år for "
-"corporate forfattere og livet forfatter pluss sytti år for naturlig "
-"forfattere."
+"Vernetiden i opphavsretten har gått fra fjorten år til nittifem år der "
+"selskap har forfatterskapet , og livstiden til forfatteren pluss sytti år "
+"for individuelle forfattere."
#. f3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" Economist, 366:8308 (25 January 2003): 15, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</ulink>."
+"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25 "
+"January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #74</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" Economist, 366:8308 (25. januar 2003): 15, "
-"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #74</"
-"ulink>."
+"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
+"januar 2003): 15, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #74</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"In The Future of Ideas, I proposed a seventy-five-year term, granted in five-"
-"year increments with a requirement of renewal every five years. That seemed "
-"radical enough at the time. But after we lost Eldred v. Ashcroft, the "
-"proposals became even more radical. The Economist endorsed a proposal for a "
-"fourteen-year copyright term.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"Others have proposed tying the term to the term for patents."
+"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a seventy-five-"
+"year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement of renewal "
+"every five years. That seemed radical enough at the time. But after we lost "
+"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Ashcroft</citetitle>, the "
+"proposals became even more radical. <citetitle>The Economist</citetitle> "
+"endorsed a proposal for a fourteen-year copyright term.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others have proposed tying the term to the term for "
+"patents."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
"viktig å huske på om opphavsrett terms."
#. (1)
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Keep it short: The term should be as long as necessary to give incentives to "
-"create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong protections for "
-"authors (so authors were able to reclaim rights from publishers), rights to "
-"the same work (not derivative works) might be extended further. The key is "
-"not to tie the work up with legal regulations when it no longer benefits an "
-"author."
+"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
+"to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
+"protections for authors (so authors were able to reclaim rights from "
+"publishers), rights to the same work (not derivative works) might be "
+"extended further. The key is not to tie the work up with legal regulations "
+"when it no longer benefits an author."
msgstr ""
"holde det kort: begrepet skal være så lenge som nødvendig for å gi "
"insentiver til å opprette, men ikke lenger. Hvis det var knyttet til veldig "
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-msgid ""
-"Keep it simple: The line between the public domain and protected content "
-"must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair use,\" and the "
-"distinction between \"ideas\" and \"expression.\" That kind of law gives "
-"them lots of work. But our framers had a simpler idea in mind: protected "
-"versus unprotected. The value of short terms is that there is little need "
-"to build exceptions into copyright when the term itself is kept short. A "
-"clear and active \"lawyer-free zone\" makes the complexities of \"fair use\" "
-"and \"idea/expression\" less necessary to navigate."
-msgstr ""
-"Gjør det enkelt: Skillelinjen mellom verker uten opphavsrettslig vern og "
-"innhold som er beskyttet må forbli klart. Advokater liker uklarheten som "
-"\"rimelig bruk\" og forskjellen mellom \"idéer\" og \"uttrykk\" har. Denne "
-"type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som skrev grunnloven hadde en "
-"enklere idé: vernet versus ikke vernet. Verdien av korte vernetider er at "
-"det er lite behov for å bygge inn unntak i opphavsretten når vernetiden "
-"holdes kort. En klar og aktiv \"advokat-fri sone\" gjør komplesiteten av "
-"\"rimelig bruk\" og \"idé/uttrykk\" mindre nødvendig å håndtere."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
+"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair "
+"use,\" and the distinction between \"ideas\" and \"expression.\" That kind "
+"of law gives them lots of work. But our framers had a simpler idea in mind: "
+"protected versus unprotected. The value of short terms is that there is "
+"little need to build exceptions into copyright when the term itself is kept "
+"short. A clear and active \"lawyer-free zone\" makes the complexities of "
+"\"fair use\" and \"idea/expression\" less necessary to navigate."
+msgstr ""
+"<emphasis>Gjør det enkelt:</emphasis> Skillelinjen mellom verker uten "
+"opphavsrettslig vern og innhold som er beskyttet må forbli klart. Advokater "
+"liker uklarheten som \"rimelig bruk\" og forskjellen mellom \"idéer\" og "
+"\"uttrykk\" har. Denne type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som "
+"skrev grunnloven hadde en enklere idé: vernet versus ikke vernet. Verdien av "
+"korte vernetider er at det er lite behov for å bygge inn unntak i "
+"opphavsretten når vernetiden holdes kort. En klar og aktiv \"advokat-fri "
+"sone\" gjør komplesiteten av \"rimelig bruk\" og \"idé/uttrykk\" mindre "
+"nødvendig å håndtere."
#. f4.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation and/"
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at <ulink "
"or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), tilgjengelig fra "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #75</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "veterans' pensions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
-"Keep it alive: Copyright should have to be renewed. Especially if the "
-"maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be required to signal "
-"periodically that he wants the protection continued. This need not be an "
-"onerous burden, but there is no reason this monopoly protection has to be "
-"granted for free. On average, it takes ninety minutes for a veteran to apply "
-"for a pension.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If we make veterans "
-"suffer that burden, I don't see why we couldn't require authors to spend ten "
-"minutes every fifty years to file a single form."
+"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. "
+"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
+"required to signal periodically that he wants the protection continued. This "
+"need not be an onerous burden, but there is no reason this monopoly "
+"protection has to be granted for free. On average, it takes ninety minutes "
+"for a veteran to apply for a pension.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> If we make veterans suffer that burden, I don't see why we couldn't "
+"require authors to spend ten minutes every fifty years to file a single "
+"form. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. (4)
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
-msgid ""
-"Keep it prospective: Whatever the term of copyright should be, the clearest "
-"lesson that economists teach is that a term once given should not be "
-"extended. It might have been a mistake in 1923 for the law to offer authors "
-"only a fifty-six-year term. I don't think so, but it's possible. If it was a "
-"mistake, then the consequence was that we got fewer authors to create in "
-"1923 than we otherwise would have. But we can't correct that mistake today "
-"by increasing the term. No matter what we do today, we will not increase the "
-"number of authors who wrote in 1923. Of course, we can increase the reward "
-"that those who write now get (or alternatively, increase the copyright "
-"burden that smothers many works that are today invisible). But increasing "
-"their reward will not increase their creativity in 1923. What's not done is "
-"not done, and there's nothing we can do about that now."
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#, mtrans, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
+"should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
+"given should not be extended. It might have been a mistake in 1923 for the "
+"law to offer authors only a fifty-six-year term. I don't think so, but it's "
+"possible. If it was a mistake, then the consequence was that we got fewer "
+"authors to create in 1923 than we otherwise would have. But we can't correct "
+"that mistake today by increasing the term. No matter what we do today, we "
+"will not increase the number of authors who wrote in 1923. Of course, we can "
+"increase the reward that those who write now get (or alternatively, increase "
+"the copyright burden that smothers many works that are today invisible). But "
+"increasing their reward will not increase their creativity in 1923. What's "
+"not done is not done, and there's nothing we can do about that now."
msgstr ""
"holde det potensielle: hva begrepet av opphavsrett skal være, klareste "
"lærdommen om at økonomer lære er at en term når gitt ikke bør utvides. Det "
"usynlig). men øke deres belønning vil ikke øke sin kreativitet i 1923. Hva "
"er ikke gjort er ikke gjort, og det er ingenting vi kan gjøre med det nå."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"These changes together should produce an average copyright term that is much "
-"shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the average term was just 32.2 "
-"years. We should be aiming for the same."
+"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
+"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
+"average term was just 32.2 years. We should be aiming for the same."
msgstr ""
-"Disse endringene vil sammen gi en gjennomsnittlig opphavsrettslig vernetid "
-"som er mye kortere enn den gjeldende vernetiden. Frem til 1976 var "
-"gjennomsnittelig vernetid kun 32.2 år. Vårt mål bør være det samme."
+"Disse endringene vil sammen gi en <emphasis>gjennomsnittlig</emphasis> "
+"opphavsrettslig vernetid som er mye kortere enn den gjeldende vernetiden. "
+"Frem til 1976 var gjennomsnittelig vernetid kun 32.2 år. Vårt mål bør være "
+"det samme."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
"call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer than "
"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor \"radikalt\" kan det være å "
"be om en mer sjenerøs opphavsrettighet enn da Richard Nixon var president?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
msgstr "3. Fri Bruk vs. rimelig bruk"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
"gjorde ingen sans lenger for å gi så mye kontroll, gitt fremveksten av den "
"nye teknologien."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors \"exclusive right"
"til å frigi den filmen, selv om filmen ikke er \"min skrive.\""
#. f5.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia "
-"University Press, 1967), 32."
+"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
msgstr ""
-"Benjamin Kaplan, An Unhurried View of Copyright (New York: Columbia "
-"University Press, 1967), 32."
+"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
"exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
msgstr ""
#. f6.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Ibid., 56."
msgstr "ibid., 56."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><blockquote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
"of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
"abracadabra of idea and expression.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
"de har ikke noen mening som en formløse grant. vurdere hver begrensning "
"igjen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Term: If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, then that right should "
-"be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect John Grisham's right "
-"to sell the movie rights to his latest novel (or at least I'm willing to "
-"assume it does); but it does not make sense for that right to run for the "
-"same term as the underlying copyright. The derivative right could be "
-"important in inducing creativity; it is not important long after the "
-"creative work is done. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
+"then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
+"John Grisham's right to sell the movie rights to his latest novel (or at "
+"least I'm willing to assume it does); but it does not make sense for that "
+"right to run for the same term as the underlying copyright. The derivative "
+"right could be important in inducing creativity; it is not important long "
+"
after the creative work is done. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"begrepet: Hvis Kongressen vil gi et derivat rett, og at høyre skal være for "
"en mye kortere sikt. Det er fornuftig å beskytte john grisham's rett til å "
"inducing kreativitet; Det er ikke viktig lenge etter skapende arbeid er "
"gjort."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Scope: Likewise should the scope of derivative rights be narrowed. Again, "
-"there are some cases in which derivative rights are important. Those should "
-"be specified. But the law should draw clear lines around regulated and "
-"unregulated uses of copyrighted material. When all \"reuse\" of creative "
-"material was within the control of businesses, perhaps it made sense to "
-"require lawyers to negotiate the lines. It no longer makes sense for lawyers "
-"to negotiate the lines. Think about all the creative possibilities that "
-"digital technologies enable; now imagine pouring molasses into the machines. "
-"That's what this general requirement of permission does to the creative "
-"process. Smothers it."
+"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
+"be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
+"important. Those should be specified. But the law should draw clear lines "
+"around regulated and unregulated uses of copyrighted material. When all "
+"\"reuse\" of creative material was within the control of businesses, perhaps "
+"it made sense to require lawyers to negotiate the lines. It no longer makes "
+"sense for lawyers to negotiate the lines. Think about all the creative "
+"possibilities that digital technologies enable; now imagine pouring molasses "
+"into the machines. That's what this general requirement of permission does "
+"to the creative process. Smothers it."
msgstr ""
"område: på samme måte bør omfanget av avledede rettigheter bli innsnevret. "
"igjen, det er noen tilfeller der avledede rettigheter er viktig. de skal "
"denne generelle krav om tillatelse betyr for den kreative prosessen. "
"Smothers det."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
"poengsum—det ikke fornuftig å kreve forhandling for den unforeseeable. "
"her, ville en lovfestet rett gjøre mye mer fornuftig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
msgstr "Goldstein, Paul"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox "
-"(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 187–216. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
+"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
+"187–216. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Paul Goldstein, Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox "
-"(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), 187–216. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
+"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
+"187–216. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
"the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the "
"that expanded protections follow expanded uses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
"med innovasjon."
#. PAGE BREAK 301
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
"kultur for andre å dyrke. og under en lovbestemte rettigheter-regimet at "
"gjenbruk ville tjene artister mer inntekter."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again"
msgstr "4. Frigjør musikken—igjen"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
"fleste, de fleste presserende—musikk. Det er ingen andre spørsmål som "
"bedre lærer erfaringene fra denne boken enn slagene rundt deling av musikk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
"etterspørselen etter forskrifter som til slutt drepe innovasjon på "
"nettverket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
"offentlig fremføring av sitt arbeid, og til en profesjonell artist å "
"kontrollere kopier av hennes ytelse."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
"fire forskjellige typer deling:"
#. A.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"CDs."
"Det er noen som bruker delingsnettverk som erstatninger for å kjøpe CDer."
#. B.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
#. PAGE BREAK 302
#. C.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
"ha vært altfor vanskelig å få kjøpt via nettet."
#. D.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
"ikke er opphavsrettsbeskyttet, eller for å få tilgang som "
"opphavsrettsinnehaveren åpenbart går god for."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
"omfanget av typen b. som med videospillere, hvis netto effekt av en deling "
"er faktisk ikke svært skadelige, behovet for regulering er betydelig svekket."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As I said in chapter 5, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. "
"Jeg antar, med andre ord, denne typen en deling er betydelig større enn type "
"b, og er dominerende bruk av deling av nettverk."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
"that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should respond."
"Uansett, det er et avgjørende faktum om den gjeldende teknologiske "
"omgivelsen som vi må huske på hvis vi skal forstå hvordan loven bør reagere."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
"idé."
#. PAGE BREAK 303
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
"Internett."
#. f8.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #76</"
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#76</ulink>."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
"you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that "
"is streamed to the user when the user demands. Here, then, is the critical "
-"point: When it is extremely easy to connect to services that give access to "
-"content, it will be easier to connect to services that give you access to "
-"content than it will be to download and store content on the many devices "
-"you will have for playing content. It will be easier, in other words, to "
-"subscribe than it will be to be a database manager, as everyone in the "
-"download-sharing world of Napster-like technologies essentially is. Content "
-"services will compete with content sharing, even if the services charge "
-"money for the content they give access to. Already cell-phone services in "
-"Japan offer music (for a fee) streamed over cell phones (enhanced with plugs "
-"for headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though \"free"
-"\" content is available in the form of MP3s across the Web.<placeholder type="
+"point: When it is <emphasis>extremely</emphasis> easy to connect to services "
+"that give access to content, it will be <emphasis>easier</emphasis> to "
+"connect to services that give you access to content than it will be to "
+"download and store content <emphasis>on the many devices you will have for "
+"playing content</emphasis>. It will be easier, in other words, to subscribe "
+"than it will be to be a database manager, as everyone in the download-"
+"sharing world of Napster-like technologies essentially is. Content services "
+"will compete with content sharing, even if the services charge money for the "
+"content they give access to. Already cell-phone services in Japan offer "
+"music (for a fee) streamed over cell phones (enhanced with plugs for "
+"headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though \"free\" "
+"content is available in the form of MP3s across the Web.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 304
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
"betalt, under denne overgangen mellom 1900-tallet modeller for å gjøre "
"forretnings- og tyve-første-tallet teknologier."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different \"problems\" "
"med ransoms. det ville være feil å utestenge betale telefoner for å "
"eliminere kidnapping."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Type C content raises a different \"problem.\" This is content that was, at "
"arbeidet er glemt. Uansett bør sikte på loven å forenkle tilgang til dette "
"innholdet, ideelt på en måte som returnerer noe til kunstneren."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
"perspektiv, denne \"deling\" av hans innhold uten hans blir kompensert er "
"mindre enn ideell."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem out-of-"
"gratis som handel bøker."
#. PAGE BREAK 305
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
"utvikle rundt idéen om handel dette innholdet, og kunstnere vil dra nytte av "
"denne handelen."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
"royalty skyldte for slike kopiering bør være mye mindre enn beløpet skyldte "
"en kommersiell utgiver."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
"som problemet er, forstå at vi er midt i en radikal endring i teknologien "
"for å levere og tilgang til innhold."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
"this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
"sider i denne krigen, men som jeg tror vil gi mer mening når en får tenkt "
"seg om."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
"innhold industrien."
#. PAGE BREAK 306
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
"asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. "
"eller p2p-teknologien som i dag skader innholdsleverandører på internett, så "
"bør vi finne en relativt enkel måte å kompensere de som blir skadelidende."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Fisher, William"
msgstr "Fisher, William"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"William Fisher, Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities (last revised: 10 "
-"October 2000), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #77</ulink>; William Fisher, Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and "
-"the Future of Entertainment (forthcoming) (Stanford: Stanford University "
+"William Fisher, <citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</"
+"citetitle> (last revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #77</ulink>; William Fisher, "
+"<citetitle>Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of "
+"Entertainment</citetitle> (forthcoming) (Stanford: Stanford University "
"Press, 2004), ch. 6, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel has proposed a related idea that "
"would exempt noncommercial sharing from the reach of copyright and would "
"Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P File Sharing,\" "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #79</ulink>. "
"For other proposals, see Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's Holding Back Broadband?\" "
-"Washington Post, 8 January 2002, A17; Philip S. Corwin on behalf of Sharman "
-"Networks, A Letter to Senator Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Chairman of the Senate "
-"Foreign Relations Committee, 26 February 2002, available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, A Quick "
-"Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF), 3 March 2002, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson "
-"Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" USA Today, 13 "
-"May 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright Right,\" IEEE Spectrum "
-"Online, 1 July 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, \"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" "
-"CNET News.com, 27 August 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-"cc/notes/\">link #84</ulink>. Fisher's proposal is very similar to Richard "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8 January 2002, A17; Philip S. "
+"Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A Letter to Senator Joseph R. Biden, "
+"Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 26 February 2002, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; "
+"Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A Quick Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee "
+"(IPUF)</citetitle>, 3 March 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon "
+"Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 13 May "
+"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</"
+"ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright Right,\" IEEE Spectrum Online, "
+"1 July 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, \"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News."
+"com, 27 August 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #84</ulink>. Fisher's proposal is very similar to Richard "
"Stallman's proposal for DAT. Unlike Fisher's, Stallman's proposal would not "
"pay artists directly proportionally, though more popular artists would get "
"more than the less popular. As is typical with Stallman, his proposal "
"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
"Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"be paid for by (4) an appropriate tax."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
-"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, Promises to "
-"Keep. The modification that I would make is relatively simple: Fisher "
-"imagines his proposal replacing the existing copyright system. I imagine it "
-"complementing the existing system. The aim of the proposal would be to "
-"facilitate compensation to the extent that harm could be shown. This "
-"compensation would be temporary, aimed at facilitating a transition between "
-"regimes. And it would require renewal after a period of years. If it "
-"continues to make sense to facilitate free exchange of content, supported "
-"through a taxation system, then it can be continued. If this form of "
-"protection is no longer necessary, then the system could lapse into the old "
-"system of controlling access."
+"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
+"<citetitle>Promises to Keep</citetitle>. The modification that I would make "
+"is relatively simple: Fisher imagines his proposal replacing the existing "
+"copyright system. I imagine it complementing the existing system. The aim "
+"of the proposal would be to facilitate compensation to the extent that harm "
+"could be shown. This compensation would be temporary, aimed at facilitating "
+"a transition between regimes. And it would require renewal after a period of "
+"years. If it continues to make sense to facilitate free exchange of content, "
+"supported through a taxation system, then it can be continued. If this form "
+"of protection is no longer necessary, then the system could lapse into the "
+"old system of controlling access."
msgstr ""
"fisher's forslag er grundige og omfattende. det reiser en million "
"spørsmålene, mest av som han svarer godt i hans kommende bok, lover å holde. "
"tilgangen."
#. PAGE BREAK 307
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"ville ikke sterkt belaster semiotic demokrati Hvis det var noen "
"begrensninger på hva en var tillatt å gjøre med selve innholdet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of \"harm\" "
"en sang. og ingen tvil om det vil være mye konkurranse å tilby og selge "
"musikk på nettet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This competition has already occurred against the background of \"free\" "
"seter og måltider servert mens du ser en film—er de kampen og lykkes i "
"å finne måter å konkurrere med \"gratis\"."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
"lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
"bruke innhold, og ikke lenger frykte usikre og barbarisk strenge straffer "
"fra loven."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
msgstr "Oppsummert, så er dette mitt forslag:"
#. PAGE BREAK 308
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
"transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
"denne teknologiske endringen, samtidig vi muliggjør, og oppmuntrer, den mest "
"effektive teknologien vi kan lage."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan minimere skaden og samtidig maksimere fordelen med innovasjon ved å"
#. 1.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
msgstr "garantere retten til å engasjere seg i type-D-deling;"
#. 2.
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
"type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
msgstr ""
-"tillater ikke-kommersiell type c deling uten erstatningsansvar og "
-"kommersielle type c deling med en lav og fast hastighet ved lov;"
+"tillate ikke-kommersiell type-C-deling uten erstatningsansvar, og "
+"kommersiell type-C-deling med en lav og fast rate fastsatt ved lov."
#. 3.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
"extent actual harm is demonstrated."
"mens denne overgangen pågår, skattlegge og kompensere for type-A-deling, i "
"den grad faktiske skade kan påvises."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
"market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å \"ta\" innhold uten å betale? "
"Burde loven gjøre noe da?"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
"develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
"is not whether it eliminates sharing in the abstract. The real issue is its "
"effect on the market. Is it better (a) to have a technology that is 95 "
-"percent secure and produces a market of size x, or (b) to have a technology "
-"that is 50 percent secure but produces a market of five times x? Less secure "
-"might produce more unauthorized sharing, but it is likely to also produce a "
-"much bigger market in authorized sharing. The most important thing is to "
-"assure artists' compensation without breaking the Internet. Once that's "
-"assured, then it may well be appropriate to find ways to track down the "
-"petty pirates."
+"percent secure and produces a market of size <citetitle>x</citetitle>, or "
+"(b) to have a technology that is 50 percent secure but produces a market of "
+"five times <citetitle>x</citetitle>? Less secure might produce more "
+"unauthorized sharing, but it is likely to also produce a much bigger market "
+"in authorized sharing. The most important thing is to assure artists' "
+"compensation without breaking the Internet. Once that's assured, then it may "
+"well be appropriate to find ways to track down the petty pirates."
msgstr ""
"Ja, det bør den. Men, nok en gang, hva den bør gjøre avhenger hvordan "
"realitetene utvikler seg. Disse endringene fjerner kanskje ikke all type-A-"
"deling. Men det virkelige spørmålet er ikke om de eliminerer deling i "
"abstrakt betydning. Det virkelige spørsmålet er hvilken effekt det har på "
"markedet. Er det bedre (a) å ha en teknologi som er 95 prosent sikker og "
-"gir et marked av størrelse x, eller (b) å ha en teknologi som er 50 prosent "
-"sikker, og som gir et marked som er fem ganger større enn x? Mindre sikker "
-"kan gi mer uautorisert deling, men det vil sannsynligvis også gi et mye "
-"større marked for autorisert deling. Det viktigste er å sikre kunstneres "
-"kompensasjon uten å ødelegge internettet. Når det er på plass, kan det "
-"hende det er riktig å finne måter å spore opp de smålige piratene."
+"gir et marked av størrelse <citetitle>x</citetitle>, eller (b) å ha en "
+"teknologi som er 50 prosent sikker, og som gir et marked som er fem ganger "
+"større enn <citetitle>x</citetitle>? Mindre sikker kan gi mer uautorisert "
+"deling, men det vil sannsynligvis også gi et mye større marked for "
+"autorisert deling. Det viktigste er å sikre kunstneres kompensasjon uten å "
+"ødelegge internettet. Når det er på plass, kan det hende det er riktig å "
+"finne måter å spore opp de smålige piratene."
#. PAGE BREAK 309
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
"type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
"får betalt, mens vi beskytter rommet for nyskapning og kreativitet som "
"internettet er."
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><section><section><title>
msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
msgstr "5. Spark en masse advokater"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
"in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
"ikke fordi det er mye penger å tjene, men fordi det innebærer idealer som "
"jeg elsker å leve opp til."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
"have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
"synet ødelegge loven."
#. f10.
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-"Memorial Lecture), UCLA Law Review 48 (2001): 1057, 1069–70."
+"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
+"1069–70."
msgstr ""
"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-"Memorial Lecture), UCLA law Review 48 (2001): 1057, 1069–70."
+"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
+"1069–70."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" by "
"many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
"utøver i opphavsrettsfeltet, Melville Nimmer, at den var åpenbar."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
"not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
"imidlertid ikke bare om en profesjonell skjevhet. Det handler enda viktigere "
"om vår manglende evne til å faktisk ta inn over oss hva loven koster."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
"question his own publicly stated position—twice. He initially "
"predicted that downloading would substantially harm the industry. He then "
"revised his view in light of the data, and he has since revised his view "
-"again. Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy: The True "
-"Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"(reviewing his original view but expressing skepticism) with Stan J. "
-"Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" working paper, June "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #86</"
-"ulink>. Liebowitz's careful analysis is extremely valuable in estimating "
-"the effect of file-sharing technology. In my view, however, he "
-"underestimates the costs of the legal system. See, for example, Rethinking, "
-"174–76. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"again. Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
+"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Amacom, 2002), (reviewing his original view but expressing skepticism) "
+"with Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Liebowitz's careful analysis is extremely "
+"valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing technology. In my view, "
+"however, he underestimates the costs of the legal system. See, for example, "
+"<citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Et godt eksempel er arbeidet til professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz bør få "
"ros for sin nøye gjennomgang av data om opphavsrettsbrudd, som fikk ham til "
"å stille spørsmål med sin egen uttalte posisjon—to ganger. I starten "
"predicated han at nedlasting ville påføre industrien vesentlig skade. Han "
"endret så sitt syn etter i lys av dataene, og han har siden endret sitt syn "
-"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, Rethinking the Network Economy: The "
-"True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace (New York: Amacom, 2002), "
-"(gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) med Stan J. "
-"Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" artikkelutkast, "
-"juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt verdifull "
-"i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt syn "
-"underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
-"eksempel, Rethinking, 174–76. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
+"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
+"York: Amacom, 2002), (gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) "
+"med Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"artikkelutkast, juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt "
+"verdifull i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt "
+"syn underestimerer han forøvrig kostnaden til det juridiske system. Se, for "
+"eksempel, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But "
"more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
"samfunnsfagsundervisning lærte dem at det fungerer."
#. PAGE BREAK 310
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
"anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
"med vårt juridiske systemet er så hårreisende høyt vil en praktisk talt "
"aldri oppnå rettferdighet."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
"the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
"av doktrine er avhengig av nøyaktig arbeid. Men nøyaktig arbeid koster for "
"mye, bortsett fra i de mest høyprofilerte og kostbare sakene."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
"tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
"prosenten av klientene. Det kan gjøres radikalt mer effektivt, og billig, "
"og dermed radikalt mer rettferdig."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
"from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
"unna områder der vi vet den bare vil skade. Og det er nettopp det loven "
"altfor ofte vil gjøre hvis for mye av vår kultur er lovregulert."
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
"technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
"virkeligheten slik den var i Brezhnevs Russland."
#. PAGE BREAK 311
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
"spørsmålet: \"vil det bidra positivt?\". Når de blir utfordret om det "
"utvidede rekkevidden til loven, er advokat-svaret, \"Hvorfor ikke?\""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#. type: Content of: <book><
part><partintro><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"We should ask, \"Why?\" Show me why your regulation of culture is needed. "
"Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your lawyers "
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff