msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-03 14:50+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-03 22:46+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13416
+#: freeculture.xml:399 freeculture.xml:13445
msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13417
+#: freeculture.xml:400 freeculture.xml:421 freeculture.xml:13446
msgid "Safire, William"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14412
+#: freeculture.xml:490 freeculture.xml:14450
msgid "land ownership, air traffic and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4677 freeculture.xml:14413
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:4677 freeculture.xml:13348 freeculture.xml:14451
msgid "property rights"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14413
+#: freeculture.xml:491 freeculture.xml:14451
msgid "air traffic vs."
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9294 freeculture.xml:12766 freeculture.xml:13520
+#: freeculture.xml:515 freeculture.xml:528 freeculture.xml:561 freeculture.xml:581 freeculture.xml:1017 freeculture.xml:1035 freeculture.xml:1083 freeculture.xml:9294 freeculture.xml:12766 freeculture.xml:13549
msgid "Causby, Thomas Lee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9295 freeculture.xml:12767 freeculture.xml:13521
+#: freeculture.xml:516 freeculture.xml:529 freeculture.xml:562 freeculture.xml:582 freeculture.xml:1018 freeculture.xml:1036 freeculture.xml:1084 freeculture.xml:9295 freeculture.xml:12767 freeculture.xml:13550
msgid "Causby, Tinie"
msgstr ""
msgid "Douglas, William O."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4566
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:531 freeculture.xml:4566 freeculture.xml:13841
msgid "Supreme Court, U.S."
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:7339 freeculture.xml:13068
+#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:1156 freeculture.xml:2395 freeculture.xml:2407 freeculture.xml:2491 freeculture.xml:2525 freeculture.xml:2551 freeculture.xml:2801 freeculture.xml:7339 freeculture.xml:13082
msgid "Internet"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:13068
+#: freeculture.xml:785 freeculture.xml:13082
msgid "development of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14811
+#: freeculture.xml:971 freeculture.xml:981 freeculture.xml:14849
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1019 freeculture.xml:13067
+#: freeculture.xml:1019 freeculture.xml:12998 freeculture.xml:13081 freeculture.xml:13249
msgid "intellectual property rights"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3054 freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:14877
+#: freeculture.xml:1396 freeculture.xml:1555 freeculture.xml:3054 freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:7342 freeculture.xml:14915
msgid "piracy"
msgstr ""
msgid "duration of"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:13072
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><
section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:1491 freeculture.xml:1492 freeculture.xml:7822 freeculture.xml:13086 freeculture.xml:13858 freeculture.xml:13859
msgid "public domain"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14875
+#: freeculture.xml:2127 freeculture.xml:14913
msgid "television"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2840 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:5438 freeculture.xml:7952 freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:2840 freeculture.xml:3741 freeculture.xml:3743 freeculture.xml:3744 freeculture.xml:5438 freeculture.xml:7952 freeculture.xml:13183 freeculture.xml:13252
msgid "Microsoft"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:5496 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14776 freeculture.xml:14841
+#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:5496 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14814 freeculture.xml:14879
msgid "artists"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14776 freeculture.xml:14841
+#: freeculture.xml:2997 freeculture.xml:3366 freeculture.xml:4302 freeculture.xml:9913 freeculture.xml:10011 freeculture.xml:10180 freeculture.xml:14814 freeculture.xml:14879
msgid "recording industry payments to"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3296 freeculture.xml:14472
+#: freeculture.xml:3296 freeculture.xml:14510
msgid "Grisham, John"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3443 freeculture.xml:4326 freeculture.xml:8313 freeculture.xml:8352 freeculture.xml:14874
+#: freeculture.xml:3443 freeculture.xml:4326 freeculture.xml:8313 freeculture.xml:8352 freeculture.xml:14912
msgid "cable television"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3606 freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:14876
+#: freeculture.xml:3606 freeculture.xml:3686 freeculture.xml:3736 freeculture.xml:14914
msgid "Asia, commercial piracy in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3607 freeculture.xml:4054 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:10389 freeculture.xml:14267 freeculture.xml:14858
+#: freeculture.xml:3607 freeculture.xml:4054 freeculture.xml:9582 freeculture.xml:10389 freeculture.xml:14305 freeculture.xml:14896
msgid "CDs"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3680 freeculture.xml:12867 freeculture.xml:13336 freeculture.xml:13343
+#: freeculture.xml:3680 freeculture.xml:12872 freeculture.xml:13361 freeculture.xml:13368
msgid "Drahos, Peter"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3701 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:15024
+#: freeculture.xml:3701 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:15062
msgid "Liebowitz, Stan"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14877
+#: freeculture.xml:3737 freeculture.xml:14915
msgid "in Asia"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3738
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3738 freeculture.xml:13181
msgid "free software/open-source software (FS/OSS)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3739 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:11664 freeculture.xml:13179 freeculture.xml:13780
+#: freeculture.xml:3739 freeculture.xml:3769 freeculture.xml:11664 freeculture.xml:13196 freeculture.xml:13809
msgid "GNU/Linux operating system"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:11666 freeculture.xml:13180 freeculture.xml:13781
+#: freeculture.xml:3740 freeculture.xml:3770 freeculture.xml:11666 freeculture.xml:13197 freeculture.xml:13810
msgid "Linux operating system"
msgstr ""
"piracy, then, Microsoft would lose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13839
msgid "law"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3758
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:3758 freeculture.xml:13839
msgid "databases of case reports in"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4001 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:14584
+#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4001 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:14622
msgid "cassette recording"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:9844 freeculture.xml:14584 freeculture.xml:14585
+#: freeculture.xml:3992 freeculture.xml:4358 freeculture.xml:8112 freeculture.xml:8141 freeculture.xml:9843 freeculture.xml:9844 freeculture.xml:14622 freeculture.xml:14623
msgid "VCRs"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6114 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:7337 freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:13970 freeculture.xml:14696 freeculture.xml:14697
+#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:4716 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6114 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:7337 freeculture.xml:7406 freeculture.xml:7440 freeculture.xml:7656 freeculture.xml:14008 freeculture.xml:14734 freeculture.xml:14735
msgid "books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:14697
+#: freeculture.xml:4156 freeculture.xml:4164 freeculture.xml:6995 freeculture.xml:14735
msgid "resales of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:14696
+#: freeculture.xml:4186 freeculture.xml:6057 freeculture.xml:6062 freeculture.xml:6994 freeculture.xml:14734
msgid "out of print"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:13970
+#: freeculture.xml:4208 freeculture.xml:14008
msgid "free on-line releases of"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4657 freeculture.xml:6348 freeculture.xml:13957
+#: freeculture.xml:4657 freeculture.xml:6348 freeculture.xml:13995
msgid "Jefferson, Thomas"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:15120
+#: freeculture.xml:5032 freeculture.xml:15158
msgid "Rose, Mark"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5437 freeculture.xml:5497 freeculture.xml:5682 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14487
+#: freeculture.xml:5437 freeculture.xml:5497 freeculture.xml:5682 freeculture.xml:10158 freeculture.xml:14525
msgid "Alben, Alex"
msgstr ""
msgid "Vanderbilt University"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5901
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:5901 freeculture.xml:13840
msgid "libraries"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:15063
+#: freeculture.xml:6691 freeculture.xml:15101
msgid "Brezhnev, Leonid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:13297
+#: freeculture.xml:6692 freeculture.xml:13320
msgid "Gates, Bill"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7518 freeculture.xml:7578 freeculture.xml:13648
+#: freeculture.xml:7518 freeculture.xml:7578 freeculture.xml:13677
msgid "browsing"
msgstr ""
msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><
part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7739
+#. type: Content of: <book><
chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:7739 freeculture.xml:13135
msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14857
+#: freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:14895
msgid "Real Networks"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:11716 freeculture.xml:11943 freeculture.xml:13078
+#: freeculture.xml:11716 freeculture.xml:11943 freeculture.xml:13092
msgid "Reagan, Ronald"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
#: freeculture.xml:12789
-msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
+msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
#: freeculture.xml:12790
-msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
+msgid "AIDS medications"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
#: freeculture.xml:12791
-msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
+msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12792
+msgid "developing countries, foreign patent costs in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12793 freeculture.xml:13304
+msgid "drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12793 freeculture.xml:13304
+msgid "pharmaceutical"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12794
+msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12793
+#: freeculture.xml:12796
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>There are more</emphasis> than 35 million people "
"with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-five million of them live in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12800
+#: freeculture.xml:12803
msgid ""
"There is no cure for AIDS, but there are drugs to slow its progression. "
"These antiretroviral therapies are still experimental, but they have already "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12815
+#: freeculture.xml:12818
msgid ""
"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12808
+#: freeculture.xml:12811
msgid ""
"These drugs are expensive. When they were first introduced in the United "
"States, they cost between $10,000 and $15,000 per person per year. Today, "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12827 freeculture.xml:13306
+msgid "patents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12827 freeculture.xml:13306
+msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12828
+msgid "pharmaceutical patents"
+msgstr ""
+
#. PAGE BREAK 265
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12826
+#: freeculture.xml:12831
msgid ""
"These prices are not high because the ingredients of the drugs are "
"expensive. These prices are high because the drugs are protected by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12834
+#: freeculture.xml:12839
msgid ""
"There are many who are skeptical of patents, especially drug patents. I am "
"not. Indeed, of all the areas of research that might be supported by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12845
+#: freeculture.xml:12850
msgid ""
"But it is one thing to support patents, even drug patents. It is another "
"thing to determine how best to deal with a crisis. And as African leaders "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12851
+#: freeculture.xml:12856
msgid "international law"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12852
+#: freeculture.xml:12857
msgid "parallel importation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12853
+#: freeculture.xml:12858
msgid "South Africa, Republic of, pharmaceutical imports by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12866 freeculture.xml:13337
+#: freeculture.xml:12871 freeculture.xml:13362
msgid "Braithwaite, John"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12864
+#: freeculture.xml:12869
msgid ""
"See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism: "
"Who Owns the Knowledge Economy?</citetitle> (New York: The New Press, 2003), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12855
+#: freeculture.xml:12860
msgid ""
"In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
"importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:12870
+#: freeculture.xml:12875
msgid "United States Trade Representative (USTR)"
msgstr ""
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12878
+#: freeculture.xml:12883
msgid ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12905
+#: freeculture.xml:12910
msgid ""
"International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI), <citetitle>Patent "
"Protection and Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals in Sub-Saharan Africa, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12872
+#: freeculture.xml:12877
msgid ""
"However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
"opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12912
+#: freeculture.xml:12917
msgid ""
"We should place the intervention by the United States in context. No doubt "
"patents are not the most important reason that Africans don't have access to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12922
+#: freeculture.xml:12927
msgid ""
"By stopping the flow of HIV treatment into Africa, the United States "
"government was not saving drugs for United States citizens. This is not "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12930
+#: freeculture.xml:12935
msgid ""
"Nor was the intervention by the United States going to protect the profits "
"of United States drug companies—at least, not substantially. It was "
#. f5.
#. PAGE BREAK 333
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12945
+#: freeculture.xml:12950
msgid ""
"See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
"Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12939
+#: freeculture.xml:12944
msgid ""
"Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
"which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12967
+#: freeculture.xml:12972
msgid ""
"Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
"when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
"such an abstraction?"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12981
+msgid "corporations"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12981
+msgid "in pharmaceutical industry"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12977
+#: freeculture.xml:12983
msgid ""
"Some blame the drug companies. I don't. They are corporations. Their "
"managers are ordered by law to make money for the corporation. They push a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12985
+#: freeculture.xml:12991
msgid ""
"The corruption is our own politicians' failure of integrity. For the drug "
"companies would love—they say, and I believe them—to sell their "
"could be overcome."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:12998
+msgid "of drug patents"
+msgstr ""
+
#. PAGE BREAK 268
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:12993
+#: freeculture.xml:13000
msgid ""
"A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
"grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13008
+#: freeculture.xml:13022
msgid ""
"So when the common sense of your child confronts you, what will you say? "
"When the common sense of a generation finally revolts against what we have "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13014
+#: freeculture.xml:13028
msgid ""
"A sensible patent policy could endorse and strongly support the patent "
"system without having to reach everyone everywhere in exactly the same "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13027
+#: freeculture.xml:13043
msgid ""
"But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
"critical eye that helps us see the difference between truth and extremism. "
#. PAGE BREAK 269
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13038
+#: freeculture.xml:13052
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>A simple idea</emphasis> blinds us, and under the "
"cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if any of us "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13052
+#: freeculture.xml:13066
msgid ""
"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13065 freeculture.xml:13807
+#: freeculture.xml:13079 freeculture.xml:13831
msgid "academic journals"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13066 freeculture.xml:13079
+#: freeculture.xml:13080 freeculture.xml:13093
msgid "biomedical research"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13067
+#: freeculture.xml:13081 freeculture.xml:13249
msgid "international organization on issues of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13069 freeculture.xml:13181 freeculture.xml:13733
+#: freeculture.xml:13083 freeculture.xml:13198 freeculture.xml:13762
msgid "IBM"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13070 freeculture.xml:13858
+#: freeculture.xml:13084 freeculture.xml:13896
msgid "PLoS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13071 freeculture.xml:13859
+#: freeculture.xml:13085 freeculture.xml:13897
msgid "Public Library of Science (PLoS)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13072
+#: freeculture.xml:13086
msgid "public projects in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13073
+#: freeculture.xml:13087
msgid "single nucleotied polymorphisms (SNPs)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13074
+#: freeculture.xml:13088
msgid "Wellcome Trust"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13075
+#: freeculture.xml:13089 freeculture.xml:13250
msgid "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13076
+#: freeculture.xml:13090
msgid "World Wide Web"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13077
+#: freeculture.xml:13091
msgid "Global Positioning System"
msgstr ""
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13084
+#: freeculture.xml:13098
msgid ""
"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
#. PAGE BREAK 270
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13081
+#: freeculture.xml:13095
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>In August 2003</emphasis>, a fight broke out in the "
"United States about a decision by the World Intellectual Property "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13115
+#: freeculture.xml:13129
msgid ""
"The aim of the meeting was to consider this wide range of projects from one "
"common perspective: that none of these projects relied upon intellectual "
"way in which proprietary claims might be used."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13135
+msgid "in international debate on intellectual property"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f7.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13123
+#: freeculture.xml:13138
msgid ""
"I should disclose that I was one of the people who asked WIPO for the "
"meeting."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13122
+#: freeculture.xml:13137
msgid ""
"From the perspective of this book, then, the conference was "
"ideal.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The projects within its "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13132 freeculture.xml:13280
+#: freeculture.xml:13147 freeculture.xml:13303
msgid "World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 271
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13134
+#: freeculture.xml:13149
msgid ""
"Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
"WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13158
+#: freeculture.xml:13173
msgid ""
"So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
"thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13166 freeculture.xml:14855
+#: freeculture.xml:13182 freeculture.xml:14893
msgid "Apple Corporation"
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13183
+msgid "on free software"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13168
+#: freeculture.xml:13185
msgid ""
"But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
"least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13178
+#: freeculture.xml:13195
msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
msgstr ""
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13194
+#: freeculture.xml:13211
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13183
+#: freeculture.xml:13200
msgid ""
"I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
"that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13211
+#: freeculture.xml:13229
msgid "General Public License (GPL)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13212
+#: freeculture.xml:13230
msgid "GPL (General Public License)"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 272
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13214
+#: freeculture.xml:13232
msgid ""
"More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
"software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13231
+#: freeculture.xml:13251
msgid "Krim, Jonathan"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13232
+#: freeculture.xml:13252
msgid "WIPO meeting opposed by"
msgstr ""
#. f9.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13242
+#: freeculture.xml:13262
msgid ""
"Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13234
+#: freeculture.xml:13254
msgid ""
"It is therefore understandable that as a proprietary software developer, "
"Microsoft would oppose this WIPO meeting, and understandable that it would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13248
+#: freeculture.xml:13268
msgid ""
"I don't blame Microsoft for doing what it can to advance its own interests, "
"consistent with the law. And lobbying governments is plainly consistent with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13255 freeculture.xml:13311
+#: freeculture.xml:13276 freeculture.xml:13334
msgid "Boland, Lois"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13257
+#: freeculture.xml:13278
msgid ""
"What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
"the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13267
+#: freeculture.xml:13289
msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13271
+#: freeculture.xml:13294
msgid ""
"First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
"software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13281
-msgid "drugs"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13281
-msgid "pharmaceutical"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13282
+#: freeculture.xml:13305
msgid "generic drugs"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13283
-msgid "patents"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13283
-msgid "on pharmaceuticals"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13285
+#: freeculture.xml:13308
msgid ""
"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to "
"<quote>promote</quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13299
+#: freeculture.xml:13322
msgid ""
"Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
"intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
#. PAGE BREAK 274
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13313
+#: freeculture.xml:13336
msgid ""
"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
"<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
"possible."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13347
+msgid "feudal system"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13348
+msgid "feudal system of"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13325
+#: freeculture.xml:13350
msgid ""
"There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
"Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13342
+#: freeculture.xml:13367
msgid ""
"See Drahos with Braithwaite, <citetitle>Information Feudalism</citetitle>, "
"210–20. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13339
+#: freeculture.xml:13364
msgid ""
"As Peter Drahos and John Braithwaite relate, this is precisely the choice we "
"are now making about intellectual property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13351
+#: freeculture.xml:13378
msgid ""
"When this battle broke, I blogged it. A spirited debate within the comment "
"section ensued. Ms. Boland had a number of supporters who tried to show why "
#. PAGE BREAK 275
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13358
+#: freeculture.xml:13387
msgid ""
"George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
"should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13370
+#: freeculture.xml:13399
msgid ""
"I missed the irony the first time I read it. I read it quickly and thought "
"the poster was supporting the idea that seeking balance was what our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13381
+#: freeculture.xml:13410
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the "
"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13389
+#: freeculture.xml:13418
msgid ""
"I understand criticism of academic utopianism. I think utopianism is silly, "
"too, and I'd be the first to poke fun at the absurdly unrealistic ideals of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13395
+#: freeculture.xml:13424
msgid ""
"But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
"should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
#. PAGE BREAK 276
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13406
+#: freeculture.xml:13435
msgid ""
"It might be crazy to expect a high government official to speak the "
"truth. It might be crazy to believe that government policy will be something "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13414
+#: freeculture.xml:13443
msgid "If this is crazy, then let there be more crazies. Soon."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13418
+#: freeculture.xml:13447
msgid "Turner, Ted"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13420
+#: freeculture.xml:13449
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>There are moments</emphasis> of hope in this "
"struggle. And moments that surprise. When the FCC was considering relaxing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13431
+#: freeculture.xml:13460
msgid ""
"This activism did not stop the FCC, but soon after, a broad coalition in the "
"Senate voted to reverse the FCC decision. The hostile hearings leading up to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13439
+#: freeculture.xml:13468
msgid ""
"But even this movement misses an important piece of the puzzle. Largeness "
"as such is not bad. Freedom is not threatened just because some become very "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13446
+#: freeculture.xml:13475
msgid ""
"The danger in media concentration comes not from the concentration, but "
"instead from the feudalism that this concentration, tied to the change in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13456
+#: freeculture.xml:13485
msgid ""
"It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
"and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13463
+#: freeculture.xml:13492
msgid ""
"It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
"could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13471
+#: freeculture.xml:13500
msgid ""
"If we were Achilles, this would be our heel. This would be the place of our "
"tragedy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13474
+#: freeculture.xml:13503
msgid "Dylan, Bob"
msgstr ""
#. f11.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13480
+#: freeculture.xml:13509
msgid ""
"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
"September 2003, available at <ulink "
#. f12.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13498
+#: freeculture.xml:13527
msgid ""
"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old "
"Lady,</quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink "
#. f13.
#. PAGE BREAK 334
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13505
+#: freeculture.xml:13534
msgid ""
"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
"Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13476
+#: freeculture.xml:13505
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>As I write</emphasis> these final words, the news is "
"filled with stories about the RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13522
+#: freeculture.xml:13551
msgid "BBC"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13523
+#: freeculture.xml:13552
msgid "Brazil, free culture in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13524 freeculture.xml:13887
+#: freeculture.xml:13553 freeculture.xml:13925
msgid "Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13525
+#: freeculture.xml:13554
msgid "Gil, Gilberto"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13526
+#: freeculture.xml:13555
msgid "United Kingdom"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13526
+#: freeculture.xml:13555
msgid "public creative archive in"
msgstr ""
#. f14.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13531
+#: freeculture.xml:13560
msgid ""
"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
"release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink "
#. f15.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13540
+#: freeculture.xml:13569
msgid ""
"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
#. PAGE BREAK 278
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13528
+#: freeculture.xml:13557
msgid ""
"Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
"will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
#. PAGE BREAK 279
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13554
+#: freeculture.xml:13583
msgid ""
"Common sense must revolt. It must act to free culture. Soon, if this "
"potential is ever to be realized."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13562
+#: freeculture.xml:13591
msgid "AFTERWORD"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 280
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13566
+#: freeculture.xml:13595
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>At least some</emphasis> who have read this far will "
"agree with me that something must be done to change where we are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13571
+#: freeculture.xml:13600
msgid ""
"I divide this map into two parts: that which anyone can do now, and that "
"which requires the help of lawmakers. If there is one lesson that we can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13577
+#: freeculture.xml:13606
msgid ""
"That means this movement must begin in the streets. It must recruit a "
"significant number of parents, teachers, librarians, creators, authors, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13584
+#: freeculture.xml:13613
msgid ""
"Once this movement has its effect in the streets, it has some hope of having "
"an effect in Washington. We are still a democracy. What people think "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13593
+#: freeculture.xml:13622
msgid "US, NOW"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13595
+#: freeculture.xml:13624
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>Common sense</emphasis> is with the copyright "
"warriors because the debate so far has been framed at the extremes—as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13602
+#: freeculture.xml:13631
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
#. PAGE BREAK 282
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13612
+#: freeculture.xml:13641
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
"tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13624
+#: freeculture.xml:13653
msgid ""
"This initial character produced a reaction (opposite, but not quite equal) "
"by copyright owners. That reaction has been the topic of this book. Through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13638
+#: freeculture.xml:13667
msgid ""
"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither "
"<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13647
+#: freeculture.xml:13676
msgid "Rebuilding Freedoms Previously Presumed: Examples"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13650
+#: freeculture.xml:13679
msgid ""
"If you step back from the battle I've been describing here, you will "
"recognize this problem from other contexts. Think about privacy. Before the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13660
+#: freeculture.xml:13689
msgid "What made it assured?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13664
+#: freeculture.xml:13693
msgid ""
"Well, if we think in terms of the modalities I described in chapter <xref "
"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>, your privacy was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13679
+#: freeculture.xml:13708
msgid "Amazon"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13680
+#: freeculture.xml:13709
msgid "cookies, Internet"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13682
+#: freeculture.xml:13711
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13692
+#: freeculture.xml:13721
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13709
+#: freeculture.xml:13738
msgid ""
"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
#. PAGE BREAK 284
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13703
+#: freeculture.xml:13732
msgid ""
"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define "
"<quote>privacy</quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13727
+#: freeculture.xml:13756
msgid ""
"A similar story could be told about the birth of the free software "
"movement. When computers with software were first made available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13735
+#: freeculture.xml:13764
msgid "Stallman, Richard"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13737
+#: freeculture.xml:13766
msgid ""
"That was the world Richard Stallman was born into, and while he was a "
"researcher at MIT, he grew to love the community that developed when one was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13745
+#: freeculture.xml:13774
msgid ""
"In an academic setting, at least, that's not a terribly radical idea. In a "
"math department, anyone would be free to tinker with a proof that someone "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13757
+#: freeculture.xml:13786
msgid ""
"No one answered that question. Instead, the architecture of revenue for "
"computing changed. As it became possible to import programs from one system "
#. PAGE BREAK 285
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13766
+#: freeculture.xml:13795
msgid ""
"Thus, the practice of proprietary code began to spread, and by the early "
"1980s, Stallman found himself surrounded by proprietary code. The world of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13774
+#: freeculture.xml:13803
msgid "Torvalds, Linus"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13776
+#: freeculture.xml:13805
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13784
+#: freeculture.xml:13813
msgid ""
"Stallman's technique was to use copyright law to build a world of software "
"that must be kept free. Software licensed under the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13795
+#: freeculture.xml:13824
msgid ""
"Stallman was thus doing for software what privacy advocates now do for "
"privacy. He was seeking a way to rebuild a kind of freedom that was taken "
"passively guaranteed."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13832
+msgid "scientific journals"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13803
+#: freeculture.xml:13834
msgid ""
"Finally, consider a very recent example that more directly resonates with "
"the story of this book. This is the shift in the way academic and scientific "
"journals are produced."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13838
+msgid "Lexis and Westlaw"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13840
+msgid "journals in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13841
+msgid "access to opinions of"
+msgstr ""
+
#. PAGE BREAK 286
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13809
+#: freeculture.xml:13843
msgid ""
"As digital technologies develop, it is becoming obvious to many that "
"printing thousands of copies of journals every month and sending them to "
"opinion through their respective services."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13858
+msgid "access fees for material in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:13859
+msgid "license system for rebuilding of"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13825
+#: freeculture.xml:13861
msgid ""
"There's nothing wrong in general with this, and indeed, the ability to "
"charge for access to even public domain materials is a good incentive for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13834
+#: freeculture.xml:13872
msgid ""
"But what if the only way to get access to social and scientific data was "
"through proprietary services? What if no one had the ability to browse this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13839
+#: freeculture.xml:13877
msgid ""
"As many are beginning to notice, this is increasingly the reality with "
"scientific journals. When these journals were distributed in paper form, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13851
+#: freeculture.xml:13889
msgid ""
"As journals become electronic, however, the publishers are demanding that "
"libraries not give the general public access to the journals. This means "
#. PAGE BREAK 287
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13861
+#: freeculture.xml:13899
msgid ""
"This shrinking freedom has led many to take affirmative steps to restore the "
"freedom that has been lost. The Public Library of Science (PLoS), for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13874
+#: freeculture.xml:13912
msgid ""
"This is one of many such efforts to restore a freedom taken for granted "
"before, but now threatened by changing technology and markets. There's no "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:13886
+#: freeculture.xml:13924
msgid "Rebuilding Free Culture: One Idea"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13889
+#: freeculture.xml:13927
msgid ""
"The same strategy could be applied to culture, as a response to the "
"increasing control effected through law and technology."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13892
+#: freeculture.xml:13930
msgid "Stanford University"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13894
+#: freeculture.xml:13932
msgid ""
"Enter the Creative Commons. The Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation "
"established in Massachusetts, but with its home at Stanford University. Its "
#. PAGE BREAK 288
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13905
+#: freeculture.xml:13943
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Simple</emphasis>—which means without a middleman, or "
"without a lawyer. By developing a free set of licenses that people can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13923
+#: freeculture.xml:13961
msgid ""
"These freedoms are beyond the freedoms promised by fair use. Their precise "
"contours depend upon the choices the creator makes. The creator can choose a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13934
+#: freeculture.xml:13972
msgid ""
"These choices thus establish a range of freedoms beyond the default of "
"copyright law. They also enable freedoms that go beyond traditional fair "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13944
+#: freeculture.xml:13982
msgid "Garlick, Mia"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 289
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13946
+#: freeculture.xml:13984
msgid ""
"This is just one project among many within the Creative Commons. And of "
"course, Creative Commons is not the only organization pursuing such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13959
+#: freeculture.xml:13997
msgid ""
"The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
"aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13972
+#: freeculture.xml:14010
msgid ""
"Why would creators participate in giving up total control? Some participate "
"to better spread their content. Cory Doctorow, for example, is a science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13979
+#: freeculture.xml:14017
msgid ""
"Why would a publisher ever agree to this? I suspect his publisher reasoned "
"like this: There are two groups of people out there: (1) those who will buy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13991
+#: freeculture.xml:14029
msgid ""
"Indeed, the experience of his publisher clearly supports that conclusion. "
"The book's first printing was exhausted months before the publisher had "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13996
+#: freeculture.xml:14034
msgid "Free for All (Wayner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:13997
+#: freeculture.xml:14035
msgid "Wayner, Peter"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 290
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:13999
+#: freeculture.xml:14037
msgid ""
"The idea that free content might increase the value of nonfree content was "
"confirmed by the experience of another author. Peter Wayner, who wrote a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14010
+#: freeculture.xml:14048
msgid "Public Enemy"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14011
+#: freeculture.xml:14049
msgid "rap music"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14012
+#: freeculture.xml:14050
msgid "Leaphart, Walter"
msgstr ""
#. f2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14029
+#: freeculture.xml:14067
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Willful Infringement: A Report from the Front Lines of the Real "
"Culture Wars</citetitle> (2003), produced by Jed Horovitz, directed by Greg "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14014
+#: freeculture.xml:14052
msgid ""
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14038
+#: freeculture.xml:14076
msgid ""
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
#. PAGE BREAK 291
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14050
+#: freeculture.xml:14088
msgid ""
"In the first six months of the Creative Commons experiment, over 1 million "
"objects were licensed with these free-culture licenses. The next step is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14060
+#: freeculture.xml:14098
msgid ""
"These are first steps to rebuilding a public domain. They are not mere "
"arguments; they are action. Building a public domain is the first step to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14068
+#: freeculture.xml:14106
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is just one example of voluntary efforts by individuals and "
"creators to change the mix of rights that now govern the creative field. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14082
+#: freeculture.xml:14120
msgid "THEM, SOON"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14084
+#: freeculture.xml:14122
msgid ""
"<emphasis role='strong'>We will</emphasis> not reclaim a free culture by "
"individual action alone. It will also take important reforms of laws. We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14091
+#: freeculture.xml:14129
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I outline five kinds of changes: four that are general, and "
"one that's specific to the most heated battle of the day, music. Each is a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14098
+#: freeculture.xml:14136
msgid "1. More Formalities"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14100
+#: freeculture.xml:14138
msgid ""
"If you buy a house, you have to record the sale in a deed. If you buy land "
"upon which to build a house, you have to record the purchase in a deed. If "
#. PAGE BREAK 293
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14107
+#: freeculture.xml:14145
msgid ""
"These are all formalities associated with property. They are requirements "
"that we all must bear if we want our property to be protected."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14112
+#: freeculture.xml:14150
msgid ""
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14118
+#: freeculture.xml:14156
msgid "Why?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14121
+#: freeculture.xml:14159
msgid ""
"As I suggested in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
"linkend=\"property-i\"/>, the motivation to abolish formalities was a good "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14130
+#: freeculture.xml:14168
msgid ""
"But the Internet changes all this. Formalities today need not be a "
"burden. Rather, the world without formalities is the world that burdens "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14144
+#: freeculture.xml:14182
msgid ""
"The proposal I am advancing here would apply to American works only. "
"Obviously, I believe it would be beneficial for the same idea to be adopted "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14142
+#: freeculture.xml:14180
msgid ""
"The law should therefore change this requirement<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—but it should not change it by going back "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14152
+#: freeculture.xml:14190
msgid ""
"The important formalities are three: marking copyrighted work, registering "
"copyrights, and renewing the claim to copyright. Traditionally, the first of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14164
+#: freeculture.xml:14202
msgid "REGISTRATION AND RENEWAL"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14166
+#: freeculture.xml:14204
msgid ""
"Under the old system, a copyright owner had to file a registration with the "
"Copyright Office to register or renew a copyright. When filing that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14179
+#: freeculture.xml:14217
msgid ""
"Yet it is always astonishing to me that we, who come from a tradition of "
"extraordinary innovation in governmental design, can no longer think "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14188
+#: freeculture.xml:14226
msgid ""
"In the context of registration, one obvious model is the Internet. There "
"are at least 32 million Web sites registered around the world. Domain name "
#. PAGE BREAK 295
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14198
+#: freeculture.xml:14236
msgid ""
"We should adopt a similar model for the registration and renewal of "
"copyrights. The Copyright Office may well serve as the central registry, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14213
+#: freeculture.xml:14251
msgid "MARKING"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14215
+#: freeculture.xml:14253
msgid ""
"It used to be that the failure to include a copyright notice on a creative "
"work meant that the copyright was forfeited. That was a harsh punishment for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14225
+#: freeculture.xml:14263
msgid ""
"The aim of marking is to signal to the public that this work is copyrighted "
"and that the author wants to enforce his rights. The mark also makes it easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14231
+#: freeculture.xml:14269
msgid ""
"One of the problems the copyright system confronted early on was that "
"different copyrighted works had to be differently marked. It wasn't clear "
#. f2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14248
+#: freeculture.xml:14286
msgid ""
"There would be a complication with derivative works that I have not solved "
"here. In my view, the law of derivatives creates a more complicated system "
#. PAGE BREAK 296
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14241
+#: freeculture.xml:14279
msgid ""
"Let's start with the last point. If a copyright owner allows his work to be "
"published without a copyright notice, the consequence of that failure need "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14261
+#: freeculture.xml:14299
msgid ""
"That in turn raises the question about how work should best be marked. Here "
"again, the system needs to adjust as the technologies evolve. The best way "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14267
+#: freeculture.xml:14305
msgid "copyright marking of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14269
+#: freeculture.xml:14307
msgid ""
"For example, if a recording industry association devises a method for "
"marking CDs, it would propose that to the Copyright Office. The Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14281
+#: freeculture.xml:14319
msgid ""
"Finally, marking content clearly would simplify registration requirements. "
"If photographs were marked by author and year, there would be little reason "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14289
+#: freeculture.xml:14327
msgid ""
"The objective of formalities is to make things clear. The existing system "
"does nothing to make things clear. Indeed, it seems designed to make things "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14294
+#: freeculture.xml:14332
msgid ""
"If formalities such as registration were reinstated, one of the most "
"difficult aspects of relying upon the public domain would be removed. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14306
+#: freeculture.xml:14344
msgid "2. Shorter Terms"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14308
+#: freeculture.xml:14346
msgid ""
"The term of copyright has gone from fourteen years to ninety-five years for "
"corporate authors, and life of the author plus seventy years for natural "
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14321
+#: freeculture.xml:14359
msgid ""
"<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
"(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14313
+#: freeculture.xml:14351
msgid ""
"In <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>, I proposed a "
"seventy-five-year term, granted in five-year increments with a requirement "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14328
+#: freeculture.xml:14366
msgid ""
"I agree with those who believe that we need a radical change in copyright's "
"term. But whether fourteen years or seventy-five, there are four principles "
#. (1)
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14336
+#: freeculture.xml:14374
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it short:</emphasis> The term should be as long as necessary "
"to give incentives to create, but no longer. If it were tied to very strong "
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14345
+#: freeculture.xml:14383
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14357
+#: freeculture.xml:14395
msgid "veterans' pensions"
msgstr ""
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14368
+#: freeculture.xml:14406
msgid ""
"Department of Veterans Affairs, Veteran's Application for Compensation "
"and/or Pension, VA Form 21-526 (OMB Approved No. 2900-0001), available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14360
+#: freeculture.xml:14398
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it alive:</emphasis> Copyright should have to be renewed. "
"Especially if the maximum term is long, the copyright owner should be "
#. (4)
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14379
+#: freeculture.xml:14417
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it prospective:</emphasis> Whatever the term of copyright "
"should be, the clearest lesson that economists teach is that a term once "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14395
+#: freeculture.xml:14433
msgid ""
"These changes together should produce an <emphasis>average</emphasis> "
"copyright term that is much shorter than the current term. Until 1976, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14401
+#: freeculture.xml:14439
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
"all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14411
+#: freeculture.xml:14449
msgid "3. Free Use Vs. Fair Use"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14415
+#: freeculture.xml:14453
msgid ""
"As I observed at the beginning of this book, property law originally granted "
"property owners the right to control their property from the ground to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14423
+#: freeculture.xml:14461
msgid ""
"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
"right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14431
+#: freeculture.xml:14469
msgid "Kaplan, Benjamin"
msgstr ""
#. f5.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14437
+#: freeculture.xml:14475
msgid ""
"Benjamin Kaplan, <citetitle>An Unhurried View of Copyright</citetitle> (New "
"York: Columbia University Press, 1967), 32."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14433
+#: freeculture.xml:14471
msgid ""
"Congress granted the beginnings of this right in 1870, when it expanded the "
"exclusive right of copyright to include a right to control translations and "
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14450
+#: freeculture.xml:14488
msgid "Ibid., 56."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14446
+#: freeculture.xml:14484
msgid ""
"So inured have we become to the extension of the monopoly to a large range "
"of so-called derivative works, that we no longer sense the oddity of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14455
+#: freeculture.xml:14493
msgid ""
"I think it's time to recognize that there are airplanes in this field and "
"the expansiveness of these rights of derivative use no longer make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14462
+#: freeculture.xml:14500
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Term:</emphasis> If Congress wants to grant a derivative right, "
"then that right should be for a much shorter term. It makes sense to protect "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14475
+#: freeculture.xml:14513
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Scope:</emphasis> Likewise should the scope of derivative rights "
"be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14489
+#: freeculture.xml:14527
msgid ""
"This was the point that Alben made when describing the making of the Clint "
"Eastwood CD. While it makes sense to require negotiation for foreseeable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14505
+#: freeculture.xml:14543
msgid "Goldstein, Paul"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14503
+#: freeculture.xml:14541
msgid ""
"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the "
"Celestial Jukebox</citetitle> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14497
+#: freeculture.xml:14535
msgid ""
"In each of these cases, the law should mark the uses that are protected, and "
"the presumption should be that other uses are not protected. This is the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14511
+#: freeculture.xml:14549
msgid ""
"Goldstein's analysis would make perfect sense if the cost of the legal "
"system were small. But as we are currently seeing in the context of the "
#. PAGE BREAK 301
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14518
+#: freeculture.xml:14556
msgid ""
"The law could remedy this problem either by removing protection beyond the "
"part explicitly drawn or by granting reuse rights upon certain statutory "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14528
+#: freeculture.xml:14566
msgid "4. Liberate the Music—Again"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14530
+#: freeculture.xml:14568
msgid ""
"The battle that got this whole war going was about music, so it wouldn't be "
"fair to end this book without addressing the issue that is, to most people, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14537
+#: freeculture.xml:14575
msgid ""
"The appeal of file-sharing music was the crack cocaine of the Internet's "
"growth. It drove demand for access to the Internet more powerfully than any "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14546
+#: freeculture.xml:14584
msgid ""
"The aim of copyright, with respect to content in general and music in "
"particular, is to create the incentives for music to be composed, performed, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14553
+#: freeculture.xml:14591
msgid ""
"File-sharing networks complicate this model by enabling the spread of "
"content for which the performer has not been paid. But of course, that's not "
#. A.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14562
+#: freeculture.xml:14600
msgid ""
"There are some who are using sharing networks as substitutes for purchasing "
"CDs."
#. B.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14567
+#: freeculture.xml:14605
msgid ""
"There are also some who are using sharing networks to sample, on the way to "
"purchasing CDs."
#. PAGE BREAK 302
#. C.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14573
+#: freeculture.xml:14611
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is no longer sold but is still under copyright or that would have been "
#. D.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14579
+#: freeculture.xml:14617
msgid ""
"There are many who are using file-sharing networks to get access to content "
"that is not copyrighted or to get access that the copyright owner plainly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14587
+#: freeculture.xml:14625
msgid ""
"Any reform of the law needs to keep these different uses in focus. It must "
"avoid burdening type D even if it aims to eliminate type A. The eagerness "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14595
+#: freeculture.xml:14633
msgid ""
"As I said in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" "
"linkend=\"piracy\"/>, the actual harm caused by sharing is controversial. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14603
+#: freeculture.xml:14641
msgid ""
"Nonetheless, there is a crucial fact about the current technological context "
"that we must keep in mind if we are to understand how the law should "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14608
+#: freeculture.xml:14646
msgid ""
"Today, file sharing is addictive. In ten years, it won't be. It is addictive "
"today because it is the easiest way to gain access to a broad range of "
#. PAGE BREAK 303
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14620
+#: freeculture.xml:14658
msgid ""
"But it will become a reality, and that means the way we get access to the "
"Internet today is a technology in transition. Policy makers should not make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14634
+#: freeculture.xml:14672
msgid "cell phones, music streamed over"
msgstr ""
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14654
+#: freeculture.xml:14692
msgid ""
"See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan "
"Inc. Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14636
+#: freeculture.xml:14674
msgid ""
"In that world, it will be extremely easy to connect to services that give "
"you access to content on the fly—such as Internet radio, content that "
#. PAGE BREAK 304
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14661
+#: freeculture.xml:14699
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
"present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14677
+#: freeculture.xml:14715
msgid ""
"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different "
"<quote>problems</quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14688
+#: freeculture.xml:14726
msgid ""
"Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
"that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14699
+#: freeculture.xml:14737
msgid ""
"Again, the model here is the used book store. Once a book goes out of print, "
"it may still be available in libraries and used book stores. But libraries "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14709
+#: freeculture.xml:14747
msgid ""
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem "
"out-of-print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the "
#. PAGE BREAK 305
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14720
+#: freeculture.xml:14758
msgid ""
"Alternatively, the law could create a statutory license that would ensure "
"that artists get something from the trade of their work. For example, if the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14730
+#: freeculture.xml:14768
msgid ""
"This system would also create an incentive for publishers to keep works "
"available commercially. Works that are available commercially would not be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14740
+#: freeculture.xml:14778
msgid ""
"The hard case is content of types A and B, and again, this case is hard only "
"because the extent of the problem will change over time, as the technologies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14748
+#: freeculture.xml:14786
msgid ""
"So here's a solution that will at first seem very strange to both sides in "
"this war, but which upon reflection, I suggest, should make some sense."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14752
+#: freeculture.xml:14790
msgid ""
"Stripped of the rhetoric about the sanctity of property, the basic claim of "
"the content industry is this: A new technology (the Internet) has harmed a "
#. PAGE BREAK 306
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14763
+#: freeculture.xml:14801
msgid ""
"I love the Internet, and so I don't like likening it to tobacco or "
"asbestos. But the analogy is a fair one from the perspective of the law. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14770 freeculture.xml:14812
+#: freeculture.xml:14808 freeculture.xml:14850
msgid "Promises to Keep (Fisher)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14810
+#: freeculture.xml:14848
msgid "Fisher, William"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14776
+#: freeculture.xml:14814
msgid ""
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> William Fisher, "
"<citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</citetitle> (last "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14772
+#: freeculture.xml:14810
msgid ""
"The idea would be a modification of a proposal that has been floated by "
"Harvard law professor William Fisher.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14826
+#: freeculture.xml:14864
msgid ""
"Fisher's proposal is careful and comprehensive. It raises a million "
"questions, most of which he answers well in his upcoming book, "
#. PAGE BREAK 307
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14843
+#: freeculture.xml:14881
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14856
+#: freeculture.xml:14894
msgid "MusicStore"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14858
+#: freeculture.xml:14896
msgid "prices of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14860
+#: freeculture.xml:14898
msgid ""
"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
"<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14875
+#: freeculture.xml:14913
msgid "cable vs. broadcast"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14878
+#: freeculture.xml:14916
msgid "film industry"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14878
+#: freeculture.xml:14916
msgid "luxury theatres vs. video piracy in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14880
+#: freeculture.xml:14918
msgid ""
"This competition has already occurred against the background of "
"<quote>free</quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14892
+#: freeculture.xml:14930
msgid ""
"This regime of competition, with a backstop to assure that artists don't "
"lose, would facilitate a great deal of innovation in the delivery of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14901
+#: freeculture.xml:14939
msgid "In summary, then, my proposal is this:"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 308
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14906
+#: freeculture.xml:14944
msgid ""
"The Internet is in transition. We should not be regulating a technology in "
"transition. We should instead be regulating to minimize the harm to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14913
+#: freeculture.xml:14951
msgid "We can minimize that harm while maximizing the benefit to innovation by"
msgstr ""
#. 1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14919
+#: freeculture.xml:14957
msgid "guaranteeing the right to engage in type D sharing;"
msgstr ""
#. 2.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14923
+#: freeculture.xml:14961
msgid ""
"permitting noncommercial type C sharing without liability, and commercial "
"type C sharing at a low and fixed rate set by statute;"
#. 3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14929
+#: freeculture.xml:14967
msgid ""
"while in this transition, taxing and compensating for type A sharing, to the "
"extent actual harm is demonstrated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14934
+#: freeculture.xml:14972
msgid ""
"But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
"competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14940
+#: freeculture.xml:14978
msgid ""
"Yes, it should. But, again, what it should do depends upon how the facts "
"develop. These changes may not eliminate type A sharing. But the real issue "
#. PAGE BREAK 309
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14954
+#: freeculture.xml:14992
msgid ""
"But we're a long way away from whittling the problem down to this subset of "
"type A sharers. And our focus until we're there should not be on finding "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:14965
+#: freeculture.xml:15003
msgid "5. Fire Lots of Lawyers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14967
+#: freeculture.xml:15005
msgid ""
"I'm a lawyer. I make lawyers for a living. I believe in the law. I believe "
"in the law of copyright. Indeed, I have devoted my life to working in law, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14973
+#: freeculture.xml:15011
msgid ""
"Yet much of this book has been a criticism of lawyers, or the role lawyers "
"have played in this debate. The law speaks to ideals, but it is my view that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14980
+#: freeculture.xml:15018
msgid "Nimmer, Melville"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14981
+#: freeculture.xml:15019
msgid "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) (1998)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:14981
+#: freeculture.xml:15019
msgid "Supreme Court challenge of"
msgstr ""
#. f10.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14992
+#: freeculture.xml:15030
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville "
"B. Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14983
+#: freeculture.xml:15021
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
"<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:14998
+#: freeculture.xml:15036
msgid ""
"However, my criticism of the role that lawyers have played in this debate is "
"not just about a professional bias. It is more importantly about our failure "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15008
+#: freeculture.xml:15046
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15003
+#: freeculture.xml:15041
msgid ""
"Economists are supposed to be good at reckoning costs and benefits. But "
"more often than not, economists, with no clue about how the legal system "
#. PAGE BREAK 310
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15032
+#: freeculture.xml:15070
msgid ""
"But the legal system doesn't work. Or more accurately, it doesn't work for "
"anyone except those with the most resources. Not because the system is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15040
+#: freeculture.xml:15078
msgid ""
"These costs distort free culture in many ways. A lawyer's time is billed at "
"the largest firms at more than $400 per hour. How much time should such a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15050
+#: freeculture.xml:15088
msgid ""
"The costliness and clumsiness and randomness of this system mock our "
"tradition. And lawyers, as well as academics, should consider it their duty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15058
+#: freeculture.xml:15096
msgid ""
"But until that reform is complete, we as a society should keep the law away "
"from areas that we know it will only harm. And that is precisely what the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15065
+#: freeculture.xml:15103
msgid ""
"Think about the amazing things your kid could do or make with digital "
"technology—the film, the music, the Web page, the blog. Or think about "
#. PAGE BREAK 311
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15074
+#: freeculture.xml:15112
msgid ""
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15083
+#: freeculture.xml:15121
msgid ""
"We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
"needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15092
+#: freeculture.xml:15130
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15094
+#: freeculture.xml:15132
msgid ""
"Throughout this text, there are references to links on the World Wide "
"Web. As anyone who has tried to use the Web knows, these links can be highly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:15113
+#: freeculture.xml:15151
msgid "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15115
+#: freeculture.xml:15153
msgid ""
"This book is the product of a long and as yet unsuccessful struggle that "
"began when I read of Eric Eldred's war to keep books free. Eldred's work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15122
+#: freeculture.xml:15160
msgid ""
"I received guidance in various places from friends and academics, including "
"Glenn Brown, Peter DiCola, Jennifer Mnookin, Richard Posner, Mark Rose, and "
#. PAGE BREAK 337
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15135
+#: freeculture.xml:15173
msgid ""
"Yuko Noguchi helped me to understand the laws of Japan as well as its "
"culture. I am thankful to her, and to the many in Japan who helped me "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15146
+#: freeculture.xml:15184
msgid ""
"These are the traditional sorts of help that academics regularly draw "
"upon. But in addition to them, the Internet has made it possible to receive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15166
+#: freeculture.xml:15204
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman and Michael Carroll each read the whole book in draft, and "
"each provided extremely helpful correction and advice. Michael helped me to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:15175
+#: freeculture.xml:15213
msgid ""
"Finally, and forever, I am thankful to Bettina, who has always insisted that "
"there would be unending happiness away from these battles, and who has "
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff