msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-07-22 09:08+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-07-24 08:50+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:725 freeculture.xml:1098 freeculture.xml:2349 freeculture.xml:2361 freeculture.xml:2445 freeculture.xml:2479 freeculture.xml:2505 freeculture.xml:2755 freeculture.xml:4161 freeculture.xml:6710 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:7640 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13459 freeculture.xml:14019 freeculture.xml:14020 freeculture.xml:14094
+#: freeculture.xml:725 freeculture.xml:1098 freeculture.xml:2349 freeculture.xml:2361 freeculture.xml:2445 freeculture.xml:2479 freeculture.xml:2505 freeculture.xml:2755 freeculture.xml:4161 freeculture.xml:6710 freeculture.xml:7567 freeculture.xml:7635 freeculture.xml:10186 freeculture.xml:13459 freeculture.xml:14019 freeculture.xml:14020 freeculture.xml:14094
msgid "Internet"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:788 freeculture.xml:2851 freeculture.xml:2852 freeculture.xml:2879 freeculture.xml:2880 freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:7799 freeculture.xml:9644 freeculture.xml:9645 freeculture.xml:9920 freeculture.xml:9921 freeculture.xml:9922 freeculture.xml:9965
+#: freeculture.xml:788 freeculture.xml:2851 freeculture.xml:2852 freeculture.xml:2879 freeculture.xml:2880 freeculture.xml:2881 freeculture.xml:7798 freeculture.xml:9644 freeculture.xml:9645 freeculture.xml:9920 freeculture.xml:9921 freeculture.xml:9922 freeculture.xml:9965
msgid "copyright infringement lawsuits"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:1076 freeculture.xml:1183 freeculture.xml:1208 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:1596 freeculture.xml:1710 freeculture.xml:3112 freeculture.xml:3203 freeculture.xml:4283 freeculture.xml:4284 freeculture.xml:4695 freeculture.xml:4696 freeculture.xml:5297 freeculture.xml:6483 freeculture.xml:6929 freeculture.xml:7009 freeculture.xml:7010 freeculture.xml:7194 freeculture.xml:7293 freeculture.xml:7325 freeculture.xml:7355 freeculture.xml:7390 freeculture.xml:7504 freeculture.xml:7505 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7600 freeculture.xml:7705 freeculture.xml:7719 freeculture.xml:7778 freeculture.xml:7779 freeculture.xml:7877 freeculture.xml:9806 freeculture.xml:10159 freeculture.xml:11113 freeculture.xml:11158
+#: freeculture.xml:911 freeculture.xml:1076 freeculture.xml:1183 freeculture.xml:1208 freeculture.xml:1552 freeculture.xml:1596 freeculture.xml:1710 freeculture.xml:3112 freeculture.xml:3203 freeculture.xml:4283 freeculture.xml:4284 freeculture.xml:4695 freeculture.xml:4696 freeculture.xml:5297 freeculture.xml:6483 freeculture.xml:6929 freeculture.xml:7009 freeculture.xml:7010 freeculture.xml:7194 freeculture.xml:7293 freeculture.xml:7325 freeculture.xml:7355 freeculture.xml:7390 freeculture.xml:7504 freeculture.xml:7505 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7600 freeculture.xml:7704 freeculture.xml:7718 freeculture.xml:7777 freeculture.xml:7778 freeculture.xml:7876 freeculture.xml:9806 freeculture.xml:10159 freeculture.xml:11113 freeculture.xml:11158
msgid "copyright law"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1183 freeculture.xml:7293 freeculture.xml:7390 freeculture.xml:7705
+#: freeculture.xml:1183 freeculture.xml:7293 freeculture.xml:7390 freeculture.xml:7704
msgid "on republishing vs. transformation of original work"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:7294 freeculture.xml:7391 freeculture.xml:7569 freeculture.xml:7678 freeculture.xml:7720
+#: freeculture.xml:1337 freeculture.xml:1494 freeculture.xml:7294 freeculture.xml:7391 freeculture.xml:7569 freeculture.xml:7673 freeculture.xml:7719
msgid "derivative works"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1367 freeculture.xml:6267 freeculture.xml:7777
+#: freeculture.xml:1367 freeculture.xml:6267 freeculture.xml:7776
msgid "Disney, Inc."
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:4748 freeculture.xml:4749 freeculture.xml:4815 freeculture.xml:4853 freeculture.xml:4909 freeculture.xml:4955 freeculture.xml:5090 freeculture.xml:5184 freeculture.xml:6678 freeculture.xml:6978 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:7051 freeculture.xml:7077 freeculture.xml:7116 freeculture.xml:7239 freeculture.xml:7286 freeculture.xml:7323 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7798 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466
+#: freeculture.xml:1432 freeculture.xml:4748 freeculture.xml:4749 freeculture.xml:4815 freeculture.xml:4853 freeculture.xml:4909 freeculture.xml:4955 freeculture.xml:5090 freeculture.xml:5184 freeculture.xml:6678 freeculture.xml:6978 freeculture.xml:6979 freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:7051 freeculture.xml:7077 freeculture.xml:7116 freeculture.xml:7239 freeculture.xml:7286 freeculture.xml:7323 freeculture.xml:7626 freeculture.xml:7797 freeculture.xml:11112 freeculture.xml:11136 freeculture.xml:11465 freeculture.xml:11466
msgid "copyright"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:5185 freeculture.xml:7081 freeculture.xml:7204 freeculture.xml:8089 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14253 freeculture.xml:14254
+#: freeculture.xml:1433 freeculture.xml:1434 freeculture.xml:5185 freeculture.xml:7081 freeculture.xml:7204 freeculture.xml:8088 freeculture.xml:11046 freeculture.xml:13463 freeculture.xml:14253 freeculture.xml:14254
msgid "public domain"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:1668 freeculture.xml:3025 freeculture.xml:4761 freeculture.xml:5020 freeculture.xml:7908 freeculture.xml:9033
+#: freeculture.xml:1668 freeculture.xml:3025 freeculture.xml:4761 freeculture.xml:5020 freeculture.xml:7907 freeculture.xml:9033
msgid "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2073 freeculture.xml:2625 freeculture.xml:6786 freeculture.xml:7758 freeculture.xml:8855 freeculture.xml:8909
+#: freeculture.xml:2073 freeculture.xml:2625 freeculture.xml:6786 freeculture.xml:7757 freeculture.xml:8855 freeculture.xml:8909
msgid "advertising"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:2793 freeculture.xml:3710 freeculture.xml:3712 freeculture.xml:3713 freeculture.xml:5532 freeculture.xml:8219 freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:13631
+#: freeculture.xml:2793 freeculture.xml:3710 freeculture.xml:3712 freeculture.xml:3713 freeculture.xml:5532 freeculture.xml:8218 freeculture.xml:13562 freeculture.xml:13631
msgid "Microsoft"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3966 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8379 freeculture.xml:8408 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15020
+#: freeculture.xml:3966 freeculture.xml:3975 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8378 freeculture.xml:8407 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:15020
msgid "cassette recording"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:3966 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8379 freeculture.xml:8408 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15020 freeculture.xml:15021
+#: freeculture.xml:3966 freeculture.xml:4335 freeculture.xml:8378 freeculture.xml:8407 freeculture.xml:10156 freeculture.xml:10157 freeculture.xml:15020 freeculture.xml:15021
msgid "VCRs"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4130 freeculture.xml:4138 freeculture.xml:4159 freeculture.xml:4183 freeculture.xml:4694 freeculture.xml:6154 freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:6211 freeculture.xml:7178 freeculture.xml:7179 freeculture.xml:7565 freeculture.xml:7639 freeculture.xml:7923 freeculture.xml:14406 freeculture.xml:15132 freeculture.xml:15133
+#: freeculture.xml:4130 freeculture.xml:4138 freeculture.xml:4159 freeculture.xml:4183 freeculture.xml:4694 freeculture.xml:6154 freeculture.xml:6159 freeculture.xml:6211 freeculture.xml:7178 freeculture.xml:7179 freeculture.xml:7565 freeculture.xml:7634 freeculture.xml:7922 freeculture.xml:14406 freeculture.xml:15132 freeculture.xml:15133
msgid "books"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4161 freeculture.xml:7640
+#: freeculture.xml:4161 freeculture.xml:7635
msgid "books on"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:4853 freeculture.xml:7631 freeculture.xml:7798
+#: freeculture.xml:4853 freeculture.xml:7626 freeculture.xml:7797
msgid "usage restrictions attached to"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5297 freeculture.xml:7600 freeculture.xml:7719 freeculture.xml:7778
+#: freeculture.xml:5297 freeculture.xml:7600 freeculture.xml:7718 freeculture.xml:7777
msgid "fair use and"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5300 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:7599 freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:7718 freeculture.xml:7780
+#: freeculture.xml:5300 freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:7599 freeculture.xml:7636 freeculture.xml:7717 freeculture.xml:7779
msgid "fair use"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:7780
+#: freeculture.xml:5447 freeculture.xml:7779
msgid "legal intimidation tactics against"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6273 freeculture.xml:7889 freeculture.xml:8060
+#: freeculture.xml:6273 freeculture.xml:7888 freeculture.xml:8059
msgid "Warner Brothers"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6724 freeculture.xml:7568 freeculture.xml:7878
+#: freeculture.xml:6724 freeculture.xml:7568 freeculture.xml:7877
msgid "technology"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:6829 freeculture.xml:7843
+#: freeculture.xml:6829 freeculture.xml:7842
msgid "market competition"
msgstr ""
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7504 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7779
+#: freeculture.xml:7504 freeculture.xml:7566 freeculture.xml:7778
msgid "copies as core issue of"
msgstr ""
"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7628
-msgid ""
-"Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
-"regulated."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7629
-msgid ""
-"<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.png\" align=\"center\" "
-"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
-msgstr ""
-
#. PAGE BREAK 154
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7634
+#: freeculture.xml:7629
msgid ""
"In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
"sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7639 freeculture.xml:7923 freeculture.xml:10187
+#: freeculture.xml:7634 freeculture.xml:7922 freeculture.xml:10187
msgid "on Internet"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7641 freeculture.xml:7718
+#: freeculture.xml:7636 freeculture.xml:7717
msgid "Internet burdens on"
msgstr ""
#. f18
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7646
+#: freeculture.xml:7641
msgid ""
"I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
"different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7643
+#: freeculture.xml:7638
msgid ""
"Enter the Internet—a distributed, digital network where every use of a "
"copyrighted work produces a copy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
#. PAGE BREAK 155
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7666
+#: freeculture.xml:7661
msgid ""
"So let's be very specific to make this general point clear. Before the "
"Internet, if you purchased a book and read it ten times, there would be no "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7677
+#: freeculture.xml:7672
msgid "e-books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7678
+#: freeculture.xml:7673
msgid "technological developments and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7680
+#: freeculture.xml:7675
msgid ""
"But the same book as an e-book is effectively governed by a different set of "
"rules. Now if the copyright owner says you may read the book only once or "
"the copyright owner's wish."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:7687
+msgid ""
+"Uses that before were presumptively unregulated are now presumptively "
+"regulated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
+#: freeculture.xml:7688
+msgid ""
+"<graphic fileref=\"images/1551.svg\" align=\"center\" "
+"width=\"40%\"></graphic>"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7692
+#: freeculture.xml:7691
msgid ""
"There are some people who think this makes perfect sense. My aim just now is "
"not to argue about whether it makes sense or not. My aim is only to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7698
+#: freeculture.xml:7697
msgid ""
"First, making category 1 disappear is not anything any policy maker ever "
"intended. Congress did not think through the collapse of the presumptively "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7707
+#: freeculture.xml:7706
msgid ""
"Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
"uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7720
+#: freeculture.xml:7719
msgid "fair use vs."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 156
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7722
+#: freeculture.xml:7721
msgid ""
"Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
"on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7741
+#: freeculture.xml:7740
msgid ""
"This point about fair use is totally ignored, even by advocates for free "
"culture. We have been cornered into arguing that our rights depend upon fair "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7757
+#: freeculture.xml:7756
msgid "Video Pipeline"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7759 freeculture.xml:15314
+#: freeculture.xml:7758 freeculture.xml:15314
msgid "film industry"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7759
+#: freeculture.xml:7758
msgid "trailer advertisements of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7761
+#: freeculture.xml:7760
msgid ""
"The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
"business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7767 freeculture.xml:7842 freeculture.xml:14060
+#: freeculture.xml:7766 freeculture.xml:7841 freeculture.xml:14060
msgid "browsing"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7769
+#: freeculture.xml:7768
msgid ""
"The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
"think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews. The "
#. PAGE BREAK 157
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7782
+#: freeculture.xml:7781
msgid ""
"In 1998, Video Pipeline informed Disney and other film distributors that it "
"intended to distribute the trailers through the Internet (rather than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7799
+#: freeculture.xml:7798
msgid "willful infringement findings in"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7800
+#: freeculture.xml:7799
msgid "willful infringement"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7802
+#: freeculture.xml:7801
msgid ""
"Disney countersued—for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
"predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7812
+#: freeculture.xml:7811
msgid ""
"Disney has the right to control its property, of course. But the video "
"stores that were selling Disney's films also had some sort of right to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7820
+#: freeculture.xml:7819
msgid "first-sale doctrine"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7822
+#: freeculture.xml:7821
msgid ""
"Now, you might think this is a close case, and I think the courts would "
"consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7841
+#: freeculture.xml:7840
msgid "Barnes & Noble"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 158
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7846
+#: freeculture.xml:7845
msgid ""
"No doubt, a potential is not yet an abuse, and so the potential for control "
"is not yet the abuse of control. Barnes & Noble has the right to say you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7861
+#: freeculture.xml:7860
msgid ""
"Again, my aim so far is simply to map the changes that this changed "
"architecture enables. Enabling technology to enforce the control of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7870
+#: freeculture.xml:7869
msgid "Architecture and Law: Force"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7872
+#: freeculture.xml:7871
msgid ""
"The disappearance of unregulated uses would be change enough, but a second "
"important change brought about by the Internet magnifies its "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7877
+#: freeculture.xml:7876
msgid "technology as automatic enforcer of"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7878
+#: freeculture.xml:7877
msgid "copyright enforcement controlled by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7880
+#: freeculture.xml:7879
msgid ""
"In the world before digital technology, it was generally the law that "
"controlled whether and how someone was regulated by copyright law. The law, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7887
+#: freeculture.xml:7886
msgid "Casablanca"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7888 freeculture.xml:8059
+#: freeculture.xml:7887 freeculture.xml:8058
msgid "Marx Brothers"
msgstr ""
#. f19
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7899
+#: freeculture.xml:7898
msgid ""
"See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7891
+#: freeculture.xml:7890
msgid ""
"There's a famous story about a battle between the Marx Brothers and Warner "
"Brothers. The Marxes intended to make a parody of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7908
+#: freeculture.xml:7907
msgid ""
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> Ibid. See also Vaidhyanathan, "
"<citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 1–3."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7904
+#: freeculture.xml:7903
msgid ""
"This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
"that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7918
+#: freeculture.xml:7917
msgid ""
"An absurd and hollow threat, of course, because Warner Brothers, like the "
"Marx Brothers, knew that no court would ever enforce such a silly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7925
+#: freeculture.xml:7924
msgid ""
"On the Internet, however, there is no check on silly rules, because on the "
"Internet, increasingly, rules are enforced not by a human but by a machine: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7937
+#: freeculture.xml:7936
msgid "Adobe eBook Reader"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7939
+#: freeculture.xml:7938
msgid "Consider the life of my Adobe eBook Reader."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7942
+#: freeculture.xml:7941
msgid ""
"An e-book is a book delivered in electronic form. An Adobe eBook is not a "
"book that Adobe has published; Adobe simply produces the software that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7949
+#: freeculture.xml:7948
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"fig-example-adobe-ebook-reader\"/> is a picture of an old "
"version of my Adobe eBook Reader."
#. PAGE BREAK 160
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7953
+#: freeculture.xml:7952
msgid ""
"As you can see, I have a small collection of e-books within this e-book "
"library. Some of these books reproduce content that is in the public domain: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7966
+#: freeculture.xml:7965
msgid "Picture of an old version of Adobe eBook Reader"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7967
+#: freeculture.xml:7966
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/example-adobe-ebook-reader.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7970
+#: freeculture.xml:7969
msgid ""
"If you click on the Permissions button, you'll see a list of the permissions "
"that the publisher purports to grant with this book."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7974
+#: freeculture.xml:7973
msgid "List of the permissions that the publisher purports to grant."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7975
+#: freeculture.xml:7974
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1612.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
#. PAGE BREAK 161
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7979
+#: freeculture.xml:7978
msgid ""
"According to my eBook Reader, I have the permission to copy to the clipboard "
"of the computer ten text selections every ten days. (So far, I've copied no "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7986
+#: freeculture.xml:7985
msgid "Aristotle"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:7987
+#: freeculture.xml:7986
msgid "<citetitle>Politics</citetitle>, (Aristotle)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7989
+#: freeculture.xml:7988
msgid ""
"Here's the e-book for another work in the public domain (including the "
"translation): Aristotle's <citetitle>Politics</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:7993
+#: freeculture.xml:7992
msgid "E-book of Aristotle's <quote>Politics</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:7994
+#: freeculture.xml:7993
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:7997
+#: freeculture.xml:7996
msgid ""
"According to its permissions, no printing or copying is permitted at "
"all. But fortunately, you can use the Read Aloud button to hear the book."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8002
+#: freeculture.xml:8001
msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle's <quote>Politics</quote>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8003
+#: freeculture.xml:8002
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1622.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8005 freeculture.xml:9858
+#: freeculture.xml:8004 freeculture.xml:9858
msgid "Future of Ideas, The (Lessig)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8006 freeculture.xml:9859 freeculture.xml:11175 freeculture.xml:11221 freeculture.xml:13514
+#: freeculture.xml:8005 freeculture.xml:9859 freeculture.xml:11175 freeculture.xml:11221 freeculture.xml:13514
msgid "Lessig, Lawrence"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8008
+#: freeculture.xml:8007
msgid ""
"Finally (and most embarrassingly), here are the permissions for the original "
"e-book version of my last book, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle>:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8014
+#: freeculture.xml:8013
msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8015
+#: freeculture.xml:8014
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8018
+#: freeculture.xml:8017
msgid "No copying, no printing, and don't you dare try to listen to this book!"
msgstr ""
#. f21
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8028
+#: freeculture.xml:8027
msgid ""
"In principle, a contract might impose a requirement on me. I might, for "
"example, buy a book from you that includes a contract that says I will read "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8021
+#: freeculture.xml:8020
msgid ""
"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls "
"<quote>permissions</quote>— as if the publisher has the power to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8043
+#: freeculture.xml:8042
msgid ""
"The control comes instead from the code—from the technology within "
"which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
#. PAGE BREAK 163
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8063
+#: freeculture.xml:8062
msgid ""
"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8069
+#: freeculture.xml:8068
msgid ""
"This is the future of copyright law: not so much copyright "
"<emphasis>law</emphasis> as copyright <emphasis>code</emphasis>. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8078
+#: freeculture.xml:8077
msgid ""
"How significant is this? Isn't it always possible to get around the controls "
"built into the technology? Software used to be sold with technologies that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8085
+#: freeculture.xml:8084
msgid ""
"We've only scratched the surface of this story. Return to the Adobe eBook "
"Reader."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8088
+#: freeculture.xml:8087
msgid "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Carroll)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8089
+#: freeculture.xml:8088
msgid "e-book restrictions on"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8091
+#: freeculture.xml:8090
msgid ""
"Early in the life of the Adobe eBook Reader, Adobe suffered a public "
"relations nightmare. Among the books that you could download for free on the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#: freeculture.xml:8099
+#: freeculture.xml:8098
msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
-#: freeculture.xml:8101
+#: freeculture.xml:8100
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\" align=\"center\" "
"width=\"50%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8105
+#: freeculture.xml:8104
msgid ""
"Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
"not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8110
+#: freeculture.xml:8109
msgid ""
"The public relations nightmare attached to that final permission. For the "
"text did not say that you were not permitted to use the Read Aloud button; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8118
+#: freeculture.xml:8117
msgid ""
"Adobe responded quickly that it was absurd to think that it was trying to "
"restrict the right to read a book aloud. Obviously it was only restricting "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8133
+#: freeculture.xml:8132
msgid ""
"The point is not to blame Adobe. Indeed, Adobe is among the most innovative "
"companies developing strategies to balance open access to content with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8143
+#: freeculture.xml:8142
msgid ""
"To see the point in a particularly absurd context, consider a favorite story "
"of mine that makes the same point."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8146 freeculture.xml:8290 freeculture.xml:8355 freeculture.xml:8463
+#: freeculture.xml:8145 freeculture.xml:8289 freeculture.xml:8354 freeculture.xml:8463
msgid "Aibo robotic dog"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8147 freeculture.xml:8291 freeculture.xml:8356 freeculture.xml:8464
+#: freeculture.xml:8146 freeculture.xml:8290 freeculture.xml:8355 freeculture.xml:8464
msgid "robotic dog"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8148 freeculture.xml:8292 freeculture.xml:8357 freeculture.xml:8465
+#: freeculture.xml:8147 freeculture.xml:8291 freeculture.xml:8356 freeculture.xml:8465
msgid "Sony"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8148 freeculture.xml:8292 freeculture.xml:8357 freeculture.xml:8465
+#: freeculture.xml:8147 freeculture.xml:8291 freeculture.xml:8356 freeculture.xml:8465
msgid "Aibo robotic dog produced by"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8150
+#: freeculture.xml:8149
msgid ""
"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
"learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
#. PAGE BREAK 165
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8155
+#: freeculture.xml:8154
msgid ""
"The Aibo is expensive and popular. Fans from around the world have set up "
"clubs to trade stories. One fan in particular set up a Web site to enable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8164
+#: freeculture.xml:8163
msgid ""
"<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
"computers. You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8171
+#: freeculture.xml:8170
msgid "hacks"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8173
+#: freeculture.xml:8172
msgid ""
"If you're not a programmer or don't know many programmers, the word "
"<citetitle>hack</citetitle> has a particularly unfriendly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8187
+#: freeculture.xml:8186
msgid ""
"Some hacks are easy. Some are unbelievably hard. Hackers as a community like "
"to challenge themselves and others with increasingly difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8194
+#: freeculture.xml:8193
msgid ""
"The Aibo fan was displaying a bit of both when he hacked the program and "
"offered to the world a bit of code that would enable the Aibo to dance "
#. PAGE BREAK 166
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8204
+#: freeculture.xml:8203
msgid ""
"I've told this story in many contexts, both inside and outside the United "
"States. Once I was asked by a puzzled member of the audience, is it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8219
+#: freeculture.xml:8218
msgid "government case against"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8221
+#: freeculture.xml:8220
msgid ""
"Let's put the dog to sleep for a minute, and turn to a pony show— not "
"literally a pony show, but rather a paper that a Princeton academic named Ed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8244 freeculture.xml:10813
+#: freeculture.xml:8243 freeculture.xml:10813
msgid "Electronic Frontier Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8234
+#: freeculture.xml:8233
msgid ""
"See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to "
"Science,</quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8232
+#: freeculture.xml:8231
msgid ""
"But Felten's bravery was really tested in April 2001.<placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> He and a group of colleagues were working on a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8252
+#: freeculture.xml:8251
msgid ""
"The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
"exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8262
+#: freeculture.xml:8261
msgid ""
"When SDMI thought it was close to a standard, it set up a competition. In "
"exchange for providing contestants with the code to an SDMI-encrypted bit of "
#. PAGE BREAK 167
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8269
+#: freeculture.xml:8268
msgid ""
"Felten and his team figured out the encryption system quickly. He and the "
"team saw the weakness of this system as a type: Many encryption systems "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8275
+#: freeculture.xml:8274
msgid ""
"Let's review just what Felten was doing. Again, this is the United "
"States. We have a principle of free speech. We have this principle not just "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8283
+#: freeculture.xml:8282
msgid ""
"What Felten and his colleagues were doing was publishing a paper describing "
"the weakness in a technology. They were not spreading free music, or "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8294
+#: freeculture.xml:8293
msgid ""
"What links these two, aibopet.com and Felten, is the letters they then "
"received. Aibopet.com received a letter from Sony about the aibopet.com "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8301
+#: freeculture.xml:8300
msgid ""
"Your site contains information providing the means to circumvent AIBO-ware's "
"copy protection protocol constituting a violation of the anti-circumvention "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8310
+#: freeculture.xml:8309
msgid ""
"And though an academic paper describing the weakness in a system of "
"encryption should also be perfectly legal, Felten received a letter from an "
#. PAGE BREAK 168
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8316
+#: freeculture.xml:8315
msgid ""
"Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
"Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8324
+#: freeculture.xml:8323
msgid ""
"In both cases, this weirdly Orwellian law was invoked to control the spread "
"of information. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act made spreading such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8329
+#: freeculture.xml:8328
msgid ""
"The DMCA was enacted as a response to copyright owners' first fear about "
"cyberspace. The fear was that copyright control was effectively dead; the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8340
+#: freeculture.xml:8339
msgid ""
"The DMCA was a bit of law intended to back up the protection of this code "
"designed to protect copyrighted material. It was, we could say, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8347
+#: freeculture.xml:8346
msgid ""
"But the DMCA was not designed merely to protect copyrighted works to the "
"extent copyright law protected them. Its protection, that is, did not end at "
#. PAGE BREAK 169
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8359
+#: freeculture.xml:8358
msgid ""
"Aibopet.com and Felten make the point. The Aibo hack circumvented a "
"copyright protection system for the purpose of enabling the dog to dance "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8371
+#: freeculture.xml:8370
msgid ""
"The threat against Felten was more attenuated, but it followed the same line "
"of reasoning. By publishing a paper describing how a copyright protection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8378 freeculture.xml:8413
+#: freeculture.xml:8377 freeculture.xml:8412
msgid "Rogers, Fred"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
-#: freeculture.xml:8389 freeculture.xml:8426 freeculture.xml:8452
+#: freeculture.xml:8388 freeculture.xml:8426 freeculture.xml:8452
msgid "Conrad, Paul"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8381
+#: freeculture.xml:8380
msgid ""
"The bizarreness of these arguments is captured in a cartoon drawn in 1981 by "
"Paul Conrad. At that time, a court in California had held that the VCR could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8408
+#: freeculture.xml:8407
msgid ""
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <citetitle>Sony Corporation of "
"America</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Universal City Studios, Inc</citetitle>., "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8393
+#: freeculture.xml:8392
msgid ""
"Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
#. PAGE BREAK 170
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8419
+#: freeculture.xml:8418
msgid ""
"Even though there were uses that were legal, because there were some uses "
"that were illegal, the court held the companies producing the VCR "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#: freeculture.xml:8424
+#: freeculture.xml:8423
msgid ""
-"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon below, which we can adopt to the DMCA. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"This led Conrad to draw the cartoon in <xref "
+"linkend=\"fig-1711-vcr-handgun-cartoonfig\"/>, which we can adopt to the "
+"DMCA. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#: freeculture.xml:8450
msgid ""
"<graphic fileref=\"images/1711.png\" align=\"center\" "
-"width=\"70%\"></graphic>"
+"width=\"100%\"></graphic>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff