+"part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
+"is property</quote> in context. Where did the idea come from? What are its "
+"limits? How does it function in practice? After these stories, the "
+"significance of this true statement—<quote>copyright material is "
+"property</quote>— will be a bit more clear, and its implications will "
+"be revealed as quite different from the implications that the copyright "
+"warriors would have us draw."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: freeculture.xml:4661
+msgid "CHAPTER SIX: Founders"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4662
+msgid "English copyright law developed for"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4665
+msgid "England, copyright laws developed in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4666 freeculture.xml:13879
+msgid "United Kingdom"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4666
+msgid "history of copyright law in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4667 freeculture.xml:4837
+msgid "Branagh, Kenneth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4668
+msgid "Henry V"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4670 freeculture.xml:4802
+msgid "Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4672
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role='strong'>William Shakespeare</emphasis> wrote "
+"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. The play was first "
+"published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that Shakespeare had "
+"written. He would continue to write plays through 1613, and the plays that "
+"he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever since. So "
+"deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into our culture "
+"that we often don't even recognize their source. I once overheard someone "
+"commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: <quote>I liked it, "
+"but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4683 freeculture.xml:4767 freeculture.xml:4876 freeculture.xml:5009
+msgid "Conger"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4684
+msgid "Tonson, Jacob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4690
+msgid "Jonson, Ben"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4691
+msgid "Dryden, John"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4690
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with "
+"prominent eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and "
+"for his handsome <quote>definitive editions</quote> of classic works. In "
+"addition to <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an "
+"astonishing array of works that still remain at the heart of the English "
+"canon, including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, "
+"and John Dryden. See Keith Walker, <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. f2
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4703
+msgid ""
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <citetitle>Copyright in Historical "
+"Perspective</citetitle> (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), "
+"151–52."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. PAGE BREAK 97
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4686
+msgid ""
+"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
+"written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
+"many to be the exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob "
+"Tonson.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most "
+"prominent of a small group of publishers called the Conger<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who controlled bookselling in England during "
+"the eighteenth century. The Conger claimed a perpetual right to control the "
+"<quote>copy</quote> of books that they had acquired from authors. That "
+"perpetual right meant that no one else could publish copies of a book to "
+"which they held the copyright. Prices of the classics were thus kept high; "
+"competition to produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4715 freeculture.xml:4768 freeculture.xml:4908 freeculture.xml:5089 freeculture.xml:5245
+msgid "British Parliament"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4717 freeculture.xml:7078
+msgid "renewability of"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4718 freeculture.xml:4770 freeculture.xml:4814 freeculture.xml:4921 freeculture.xml:5008 freeculture.xml:7068
+msgid "Statute of Anne (1710)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4729
+msgid ""
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely "
+"argues, it is erroneous to call this a <quote>copyright law.</quote> See "
+"Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4720
+msgid ""
+"Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
+"little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
+"copyright is 1710, the year that the British Parliament adopted the first "
+"<quote>copyright</quote> act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated "
+"that all published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, "
+"renewable once if the author was alive, and that all works already published "
+"by 1710 would get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and "
+"Juliet</citetitle> should have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue "
+"about it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff