msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-08 09:38+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-10 22:06+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), Lessig is a member of the boards of the "
"Public Library of Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and Public "
"Knowledge. He was the winner of the Free Software Foundation's Award for the "
-"Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's \"e.biz 25,\" "
-"and named one of Scientific American's \"50 visionaries.\" A graduate of the "
-"University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, and Yale Law School, "
-"Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of the U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of "
-"Appeals."
+"Advancement of Free Software, twice listed in BusinessWeek's <quote>e.biz 25,"
+"</quote> and named one of Scientific American's <quote>50 visionaries.</"
+"quote> A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, "
+"and Yale Law School, Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner of the U.S. "
+"Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals."
msgstr ""
"Lawrense Lessig (<ulink url=\"http://www.lessig.org\">http://www.lessig.org</"
"ulink>), professor i juss og en John A. Wilson Distinguished Faculty Scholar "
"Cyberspace (Basic Books, 1999), og er medlem av styrene i Public Library of "
"Science, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, og Public Knowledge. Han har "
"vunnet Free Software Foundation's Award for the Advancement of Free "
-"Software, to ganger vært oppført i BusinessWeek's \"e.biz 25,\" og omtalt "
-"som en av Scientific American's \"50 visjonærer\". Etter utdanning ved "
-"University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, og Yale Law School, "
-"assisterte Lessig dommer Richard Posner ved U.S. Seventh Circuit Court of "
-"Appeals."
+"Software, to ganger vært oppført i BusinessWeek's <quote>e.biz 25,</quote> "
+"og omtalt som en av Scientific American's <quote>50 visjonærer</quote>. "
+"Etter utdanning ved University of Pennsylvania, Cambridge University, og "
+"Yale Law School, assisterte Lessig dommer Richard Posner ved U.S. Seventh "
+"Circuit Court of Appeals."
#
#
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
msgid ""
-"Excerpt from an editorial titled \"The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,\" "
-"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, 2003. Copyright "
-"© 2003 by The New York Times Co. Reprinted with permission."
+"Excerpt from an editorial titled <quote>The Coming of Copyright Perpetuity,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, January 16, 2003. "
+"Copyright © 2003 by The New York Times Co. Reprinted with permission."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
-"At the end of his review of my first book, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws "
-"of Cyberspace</citetitle>, David Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of "
-"countless technical and computer-related texts, wrote this:"
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">At the end</emphasis> of his review of my first "
+"book, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle>, David "
+"Pogue, a brilliant writer and author of countless technical and computer-"
+"related texts, wrote this:"
msgstr ""
+"<emphasis role=\"bold\">På slutten av</emphasis> hans gjennomgang av min "
+"første bok <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle>, skrev "
"David Pogue, en glimrende skribent og forfatter av utallige tekniske "
-"datarelaterte tekster, skrev dette på slutten av hans gjennomgang av min "
-"første bok, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace</citetitle>:"
+"datarelaterte tekster, dette:"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
-"citetitle>, 30 January 2000."
+"David Pogue, <quote>Don't Just Chat, Do Something,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 30 January 2000."
msgstr ""
-"David Pogue, \"Don't Just Chat, Do Something,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
-"citetitle>, 30. januar 2000"
+"David Pogue, <quote>Don't Just Chat, Do Something,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 30. januar 2000"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"Pogue was skeptical of the core argument of the book—that software, or "
-"\"code,\" functioned as a kind of law—and his review suggested the "
-"happy thought that if life in cyberspace got bad, we could always \"drizzle, "
-"drazzle, druzzle, drome\"-like simply flip a switch and be back home. Turn "
-"off the modem, unplug the computer, and any troubles that exist in "
-"<emphasis>that</emphasis> space wouldn't \"affect\" us anymore."
+"<quote>code,</quote> functioned as a kind of law—and his review "
+"suggested the happy thought that if life in cyberspace got bad, we could "
+"always <quote>drizzle, drazzle, druzzle, drome</quote>-like simply flip a "
+"switch and be back home. Turn off the modem, unplug the computer, and any "
+"troubles that exist in <emphasis>that</emphasis> space wouldn't "
+"<quote>affect</quote> us anymore."
msgstr ""
"Pogue var skeptisk til argumentet som er kjernen av boken — at "
-"programvaren, eller \"koden\", fungerte som en slags lov — og foreslo "
-"i sin anmeldelse den lykkelig tanken at hvis livet i cyberspace gikk dårlig, "
-"så kan vi alltid som med en trylleformel slå over en bryter og komme hjem "
-"igjen. Slå av modemet, koble fra datamaskinen, og eventuelle problemer som "
-"finnes <emphasis>den</emphasis> virkeligheten ville ikke \"påvirke\" oss mer."
+"programvaren, eller <quote>koden</quote>, fungerte som en slags lov — "
+"og foreslo i sin anmeldelse den lykkelig tanken at hvis livet i cyberspace "
+"gikk dårlig, så kan vi alltid som med en trylleformel slå over en bryter og "
+"komme hjem igjen. Slå av modemet, koble fra datamaskinen, og eventuelle "
+"problemer som finnes <emphasis>den</emphasis> virkeligheten ville ikke "
+"<quote>påvirke</quote> oss mer."
#. PAGE BREAK 12
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
"even if he was right then, the point is not right now: <citetitle>Free "
"Culture</citetitle> is about the troubles the Internet causes even after the "
"modem is turned off. It is an argument about how the battles that now rage "
-"regarding life on-line have fundamentally affected \"people who aren't "
-"online.\" There is no switch that will insulate us from the Internet's "
+"regarding life on-line have fundamentally affected <quote>people who aren't "
+"online.</quote> There is no switch that will insulate us from the Internet's "
"effect."
msgstr ""
"Pogue kan ha hatt rett i 1999 — jeg er skeptisk, men det kan hende. "
"Men selv om han hadde rett da, så er ikke argumentet gyldig nå. "
"<citetitle>Fri Kultur</citetitle> er om problemene internett forårsaker selv "
"etter at modemet er slått av. Den er et argument om hvordan slagene som nå "
-"brer om seg i livet on-line har fundamentalt påvirket \"folk som er ikke "
-"pålogget.\" Det finnes ingen bryter som kan isolere oss fra internettets "
-"effekt."
+"brer om seg i livet on-line har fundamentalt påvirket <quote>folk som er "
+"ikke pålogget.</quote> Det finnes ingen bryter som kan isolere oss fra "
+"internettets effekt."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
"That tradition is the way our culture gets made. As I explain in the pages "
-"that follow, we come from a tradition of \"free culture\"—not \"free\" "
-"as in \"free beer\" (to borrow a phrase from the founder of the free "
-"software movement<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), but \"free\" as "
-"in \"free speech,\" \"free markets,\" \"free trade,\" \"free enterprise,\" "
-"\"free will,\" and \"free elections.\" A free culture supports and protects "
-"creators and innovators. It does this directly by granting intellectual "
-"property rights. But it does so indirectly by limiting the reach of those "
-"rights, to guarantee that follow-on creators and innovators remain "
-"<emphasis>as free as possible</emphasis> from the control of the past. A "
-"free culture is not a culture without property, just as a free market is not "
-"a market in which everything is free. The opposite of a free culture is a "
-"\"permission culture\"—a culture in which creators get to create only "
-"with the permission of the powerful, or of creators from the past."
+"that follow, we come from a tradition of <quote>free culture</quote>—"
+"not <quote>free</quote> as in <quote>free beer</quote> (to borrow a phrase "
+"from the founder of the free software movement<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>), but <quote>free</quote> as in <quote>free speech,</quote> "
+"<quote>free markets,</quote> <quote>free trade,</quote> <quote>free "
+"enterprise,</quote> <quote>free will,</quote> and <quote>free elections.</"
+"quote> A free culture supports and protects creators and innovators. It does "
+"this directly by granting intellectual property rights. But it does so "
+"indirectly by limiting the reach of those rights, to guarantee that follow-"
+"on creators and innovators remain <emphasis>as free as possible</emphasis> "
+"from the control of the past. A free culture is not a culture without "
+"property, just as a free market is not a market in which everything is free. "
+"The opposite of a free culture is a <quote>permission culture</quote>—"
+"a culture in which creators get to create only with the permission of the "
+"powerful, or of creators from the past."
msgstr ""
"Den tradisjonen er måten vår kultur blir laget på. Som jeg vil forklare i "
-"sidene som følger, kommer vi fra en tradisjon av \"fri kultur\"—ikke "
-"\"fri\" som i \"fri bar\" (for å låne et uttrykk fra stifteren av fri "
-"programvarebevegelsen<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), men \"fri\" "
-"som i \"talefrihet\", \"fritt marked\", \"frihandel\", \"fri konkurranse\", "
-"\"fri vilje\" og \"frie valg\". En fri kultur støtter og beskytter skapere "
-"og oppfinnere. Dette gjør den direkte ved å tildele immaterielle "
-"rettigheter. Men det gjør den indirekte ved å begrense rekkevidden for "
-"disse rettighetene, for å garantere at neste generasjon skapere og "
-"oppfinnere forblir <emphasis>så fri som mulig</emphasis> fra kontroll fra "
-"fortiden. En fri kultur er ikke en kultur uten eierskap, like lite som et "
-"fritt marked er et marked der alt er gratis. Det motsatte av fri kultur er "
-"\"tillatelseskultur\"—en kultur der skapere kun kan skape med "
-"tillatelse fra de mektige, eller fra skaperne fra fortiden."
+"sidene som følger, kommer vi fra en tradisjon av <quote>fri kultur</"
+"quote>—ikke <quote>fri</quote> som i <quote>fri bar</quote> (for å "
+"låne et uttrykk fra stifteren av fri programvarebevegelsen<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), men <quote>fri</quote> som i <quote>talefrihet</"
+"quote>, <quote>fritt marked</quote>, <quote>frihandel</quote>, <quote>fri "
+"konkurranse</quote>, <quote>fri vilje</quote> og <quote>frie valg</quote>. "
+"En fri kultur støtter og beskytter skapere og oppfinnere. Dette gjør den "
+"direkte ved å tildele immaterielle rettigheter. Men det gjør den indirekte "
+"ved å begrense rekkevidden for disse rettighetene, for å garantere at neste "
+"generasjon skapere og oppfinnere forblir <emphasis>så fri som mulig</"
+"emphasis> fra kontroll fra fortiden. En fri kultur er ikke en kultur uten "
+"eierskap, like lite som et fritt marked er et marked der alt er gratis. Det "
+"motsatte av fri kultur er <quote>tillatelseskultur</quote>—en kultur "
+"der skapere kun kan skape med tillatelse fra de mektige, eller fra skaperne "
+"fra fortiden."
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
msgid ""
-"If we understood this change, I believe we would resist it. Not \"we\" on "
-"the Left or \"you\" on the Right, but we who have no stake in the particular "
-"industries of culture that defined the twentieth century. Whether you are "
-"on the Left or the Right, if you are in this sense disinterested, then the "
-"story I tell here will trouble you. For the changes I describe affect values "
-"that both sides of our political culture deem fundamental."
-msgstr ""
-"Hvis vi forsto denne endringen, så tror jeg vi ville stå imot den. Ikke \"vi"
-"\" på venstresiden eller \"dere\" på høyresiden, men vi som ikke har "
-"investert i den spesifikke kulturindustrien som har definert det tjuende "
-"århundre. Enten du er på venstre eller høyresiden, hvis du i denne forstand "
-"ikke har interesser, vil historien jeg forteller her gi deg problemer. For "
-"endringene jeg beskriver påvirker verdier som begge sider av vår politiske "
-"kultur anser som grunnleggende."
+"If we understood this change, I believe we would resist it. Not <quote>we</"
+"quote> on the Left or <quote>you</quote> on the Right, but we who have no "
+"stake in the particular industries of culture that defined the twentieth "
+"century. Whether you are on the Left or the Right, if you are in this sense "
+"disinterested, then the story I tell here will trouble you. For the changes "
+"I describe affect values that both sides of our political culture deem "
+"fundamental."
+msgstr ""
+"Hvis vi forsto denne endringen, så tror jeg vi ville stå imot den. Ikke "
+"<quote>vi</quote> på venstresiden eller <quote>dere</quote> på høyresiden, "
+"men vi som ikke har investert i den spesifikke kulturindustrien som har "
+"definert det tjuende århundre. Enten du er på venstre eller høyresiden, hvis "
+"du i denne forstand ikke har interesser, vil historien jeg forteller her gi "
+"deg problemer. For endringene jeg beskriver påvirker verdier som begge sider "
+"av vår politiske kultur anser som grunnleggende."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CodePink Women in Peace"
"the FCC considered changes in media ownership rules that would relax limits "
"on media concentration, an extraordinary coalition generated more than "
"700,000 letters to the FCC opposing the change. As William Safire described "
-"marching \"uncomfortably alongside CodePink Women for Peace and the National "
-"Rifle Association, between liberal Olympia Snowe and conservative Ted "
-"Stevens,\" he formulated perhaps most simply just what was at stake: the "
-"concentration of power. And as he asked, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"marching <quote>uncomfortably alongside CodePink Women for Peace and the "
+"National Rifle Association, between liberal Olympia Snowe and conservative "
+"Ted Stevens,</quote> he formulated perhaps most simply just what was at "
+"stake: the concentration of power. And as he asked, <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Vi så et glimt av dette tverrpolitiske raseri på forsommeren i 2003. Da FCC "
"vurderte endringer i reglene for medieeierskap som ville slakke på "
"begrensningene rundt mediekonsentrasjon, sendte en ekstraordinær koalisjon "
"mer enn 700 000 brev til FCC for å motsette seg endringen. Mens William "
-"Safire beskrev å marsjere \"ubehagelig sammen med CodePink Women for Peace "
-"and the National Rifle Association, mellom liberale Olympia Snowe og "
-"konservative Ted Stevens\", formulerte han kanskje det enkleste uttrykket "
-"for hva som var på spill: konsentrasjonen av makt. Så spurte han: "
+"Safire beskrev å marsjere <quote>ubehagelig sammen med CodePink Women for "
+"Peace and the National Rifle Association, mellom liberale Olympia Snowe og "
+"konservative Ted Stevens</quote>, formulerte han kanskje det enkleste "
+"uttrykket for hva som var på spill: konsentrasjonen av makt. Så spurte han: "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
-"citetitle>, 22 May 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William Safire, <quote>The Great Media Gulp,</quote> <citetitle>New York "
+"
Times</citetitle>, 22 May 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"William Safire, \"The Great Media Gulp,\" <citetitle>New York Times</"
-"citetitle>, 22. mai 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"William Safire, <quote>The Great Media Gulp,</quote> <citetitle>New York "
+"
Times</citetitle>, 22. mai 2003. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Foundation. Indeed, as I reread Stallman's own work, especially the essays "
"in <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, I realize that all of "
"the theoretical insights I develop here are insights Stallman described "
-"decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is \"merely\" "
-"derivative."
+"decades ago. One could thus well argue that this work is <quote>merely</"
+"quote> derivative."
msgstr ""
"Denne idéen er et element i argumentet til <citetitle>Fri Kultur</"
"citetitle>, selv om min fokus ikke bare er på konsentrasjonen av makt som "
"nytt, spesielt essyene i <citetitle>Free Software, Free Society</citetitle>, "
"innser jeg at alle de teoretiske innsiktene jeg utvikler her er innsikter "
"som Stallman beskrev for tiår siden. Man kan dermed godt argumentere for at "
-"dette verket kun er et avledet verk."
+"dette verket <quote>kun</quote> er et avledet verk."
#. PAGE BREAK 14
#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
"At the time the Wright brothers invented the airplane, American law held "
"that a property owner presumptively owned not just the surface of his land, "
"but all the land below, down to the center of the earth, and all the space "
-"above, to \"an indefinite extent, upwards.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> For many years, scholars had puzzled about how best to interpret "
-"the idea that rights in land ran to the heavens. Did that mean that you "
-"owned the stars? Could you prosecute geese for their willful and regular "
-"trespass?"
+"above, to <quote>an indefinite extent, upwards.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For many years, scholars had puzzled about how best "
+"to interpret the idea that rights in land ran to the heavens. Did that mean "
+"that you owned the stars? Could you prosecute geese for their willful and "
+"regular trespass?"
msgstr ""
"Da Wright-brødrene fant opp flymaskinen, hevdet loven i USA at en grunneier "
"ble antatt å eie ikke bare overflaten på området sitt, men også alt landet "
"under bakken, helt ned til senterpunktet i jorda, og alt volumet over "
-"bakken, \"i ubestemt grad, oppover\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
-"> I mange år undret lærde over hvordan en best skulle tolke idéen om at "
-"eiendomsretten gikk helt til himmelen. Betød dette at du eide stjernene? "
-"Kunne en dømme gjess for at de regelmessig og med vilje tok seg inn på annen "
-"manns eiendom?"
+"bakken, <quote>i ubestemt grad, oppover</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> I mange år undret lærde over hvordan en best skulle tolke "
+"idéen om at eiendomsretten gikk helt til himmelen. Betød dette at du eide "
+"stjernene? Kunne en dømme gjess for at de regelmessig og med vilje tok seg "
+"inn på annen manns eiendom?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"walls and died), the Causbys filed a lawsuit saying that the government was "
"trespassing on their land. The airplanes, of course, never touched the "
"surface of the Causbys' land. But if, as Blackstone, Kent, and Coke had "
-"said, their land reached to \"an indefinite extent, upwards,\" then the "
-"government was trespassing on their property, and the Causbys wanted it to "
-"stop."
+"said, their land reached to <quote>an indefinite extent, upwards,</quote> "
+"then the government was trespassing on their property, and the Causbys "
+"wanted it to stop."
msgstr ""
"I 1945 ble disse spørsmålene en føderal sak. Da bøndene Thomas Lee og Tinie "
"Causby i Nord Carolina begynte å miste kyllinger på grunn av lavtflygende "
"døde), saksøkte Causbyene regjeringen for å trenge seg inn på deres eiendom. "
"Flyene rørte selvfølgelig aldri overflaten på Causbys' eiendom. Men hvis det "
"stemte som Blackstone, Kent, og Cola hadde sagt, at deres eiendom strakk seg "
-"\"i ubestemt grad, oppover,\" så hadde regjeringen trengt seg inn på deres "
-"eiendom, og Causbys ønsket å sette en stopper for dette."
+"<quote>i ubestemt grad, oppover,</quote> så hadde regjeringen trengt seg inn "
+"på deres eiendom, og Causbys ønsket å sette en stopper for dette."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Supreme Court agreed to hear the Causbys' case. Congress had declared "
"the airways public, but if one's property really extended to the heavens, "
-"then Congress's declaration could well have been an unconstitutional \"taking"
-"\" of property without compensation. The Court acknowledged that \"it is "
-"ancient doctrine that common law ownership of the land extended to the "
-"periphery of the universe.\" But Justice Douglas had no patience for ancient "
-"doctrine. In a single paragraph, hundreds of years of property law were "
-"erased. As he wrote for the Court,"
+"then Congress's declaration could well have been an unconstitutional "
+"<quote>taking</quote> of property without compensation. The Court "
+"acknowledged that <quote>it is ancient doctrine that common law ownership of "
+"the land extended to the periphery of the universe.</quote> But Justice "
+"Douglas had no patience for ancient doctrine. In a single paragraph, "
+"hundreds of years of property law were erased. As he wrote for the Court,"
msgstr ""
"Høyesterett gikk med på å ta opp Causbys sak. Kongressen hadde vedtatt at "
"luftfartsveiene var tilgjengelig for alle, men hvis ens eiendom virkelig "
"rakk til himmelen, da kunne muligens kongressens vedtak ha vært i strid med "
-"grunnlovens forbud mot å \"ta\" eiendom uten kompensasjon. Retten erkjente "
-"at \"det er gammel doktrine etter sedvane at en eiendom rakk til utkanten av "
-"universet.\", men dommer Douglas hadde ikke tålmodighet for forhistoriske "
-"doktriner. I et enkelt avsnitt, ble hundrevis av år med "
-"eiendomslovgivningen strøket. Som han skrev på vegne av retten,"
+"grunnlovens forbud mot å <quote>ta</quote> eiendom uten kompensasjon. "
+"Retten erkjente at <quote>det er gammel doktrine etter sedvane at en eiendom "
+"rakk til utkanten av universet.</quote>, men dommer Douglas hadde ikke "
+"tålmodighet for forhistoriske doktriner. I et enkelt avsnitt, ble hundrevis "
+"av år med eiendomslovgivningen strøket. Som han skrev på vegne av retten,"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"United States v. Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. The Court did find that "
-"there could be a \"taking\" if the government's use of its land effectively "
-"destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was suggested to me "
-"by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, \"(Intellectual) Property and Sovereignty: "
-"Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,\" <citetitle>Stanford Law "
-"Review</citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. See also Paul Goldstein, "
-"<citetitle>Real Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press, "
-"1984), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"there could be a <quote>taking</quote> if the government's use of its land "
+"effectively destroyed the value of the Causbys' land. This example was "
+"suggested to me by Keith Aoki's wonderful piece, <quote>(Intellectual) "
+"Property and Sovereignty: Notes Toward a Cultural Geography of Authorship,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Stanford Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. See "
+"also Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Real Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: "
+"Foundation Press, 1984), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"
\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"USA mot Causby, U.S. 328 (1946): 256, 261. Domstolen fant at det kunne være "
-"å \"ta\" hvis regjeringens bruk av sitt land reelt sett hadde ødelagt "
-"verdien av eiendomen til Causby. Dette eksemplet ble foreslått for meg i "
-"Keith Aokis flotte stykke, \"(intellectual) Property and Sovereignty: Notes "
-"Toward a cultural Geography of Authorship\", <citetitle>Stanford Law Review</"
-"citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. Se også Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Real "
-"Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: Foundation Press (1984)), "
-"1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"å <quote>ta</quote> hvis regjeringens bruk av sitt land reelt sett hadde "
+"ødelagt verdien av eiendomen til Causby. Dette eksemplet ble foreslått for "
+"meg i Keith Aokis flotte stykke, <quote>(intellectual) Property and "
+"Sovereignty: Notes Toward a cultural Geography of Authorship</quote>, "
+"<citetitle>Stanford Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1996): 1293, 1333. Se også "
+"Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>Real Property</citetitle> (Mineola, N.Y.: "
+"Foundation Press (1984)), 1112–13. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-msgid "\"Common sense revolts at the idea.\""
-msgstr "\"Idéen er i strid med sunn fornuft.\""
+msgid "<quote>Common sense revolts at the idea.</quote>"
+msgstr "<quote>Idéen er i strid med sunn fornuft.</quote>"
#. PAGE BREAK 18
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"This is how the law usually works. Not often this abruptly or impatiently, "
"but eventually, this is how it works. It was Douglas's style not to dither. "
"Other justices would have blathered on for pages to reach the conclusion "
-"that Douglas holds in a single line: \"Common sense revolts at the idea.\" "
-"But whether it takes pages or a few words, it is the special genius of a "
-"common law system, as ours is, that the law adjusts to the technologies of "
-"the time. And as it adjusts, it changes. Ideas that were as solid as rock in "
-"one age crumble in another."
+"that Douglas holds in a single line: <quote>Common sense revolts at the idea."
+"</quote> But whether it takes pages or a few words, it is the special genius "
+"of a common law system, as ours is, that the law adjusts to the technologies "
+"of the time. And as it adjusts, it changes. Ideas that were as solid as rock "
+"in one age crumble in another."
msgstr ""
"Det er hvordan loven vanligvis fungerer. Ikke ofte like brått eller "
"utålmodig, men til slutt er dette hvordan loven fungerer. Det var ikke "
"stilen til Douglas å utbrodere. Andre dommere ville ha skrevet mange flere "
"sider før de nådde sin konklusjon, men for Douglas holdt det med en enkel "
-"linje: \"Idéen er i strid med sunn fornuft.\". Men uansett om det tar flere "
-"sider eller kun noen få ord, så er det en genial egenskap med et "
-"rettspraksis-system, slik som vårt er, at loven tilpasser seg til aktuelle "
-"teknologiene. Og mens den tilpasser seg, så endres den. Idéer som var "
-"solide som fjell i en tidsalder knuses i en annen."
+"linje: <quote>Idéen er i strid med sunn fornuft.</quote>. Men uansett om "
+"det tar flere sider eller kun noen få ord, så er det en genial egenskap med "
+"et rettspraksis-system, slik som vårt er, at loven tilpasser seg til "
+"aktuelle teknologiene. Og mens den tilpasser seg, så endres den. Idéer som "
+"var solide som fjell i en tidsalder knuses i en annen."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"the technology, that the Wright brothers had birthed. The Wright brothers "
"spat airplanes into the technological meme pool; the idea then spread like a "
"virus in a chicken coop; farmers like the Causbys found themselves "
-"surrounded by \"what seemed reasonable\" given the technology that the "
-"Wrights had produced. They could stand on their farms, dead chickens in "
-"hand, and shake their fists at these newfangled technologies all they "
-"wanted. They could call their representatives or even file a lawsuit. But "
-"in the end, the force of what seems \"obvious\" to everyone else—the "
-"power of \"common sense\"—would prevail. Their \"private interest\" "
-"would not be allowed to defeat an obvious public gain."
+"surrounded by <quote>what seemed reasonable</quote> given the technology "
+"that the Wrights had produced. They could stand on their farms, dead "
+"chickens in hand, and shake their fists at these newfangled technologies all "
+"they wanted. They could call their representatives or even file a lawsuit. "
+"But in the end, the force of what seems <quote>obvious</quote> to everyone "
+"else—the power of <quote>common sense</quote>—would prevail. "
+"Their <quote>private interest</quote> would not be allowed to defeat an "
+"obvious public gain."
msgstr ""
"Eller, det er hvordan ting skjer når det ikke er noen mektige på andre siden "
"av endringen. Causbyene var bare bønder. Og selv om det uten tvil var "
"finne det svært hardt å samles for å stoppe idéen, og teknologien, som "
"Wright-brødrene hadde ført til verden. Wright-brødrene spyttet flymaskiner "
"inn i den teknologiske meme-dammen. Idéen spredte seg deretter som et virus "
-"i en kyllingfarm. Causbyene i verden fant seg selv omringet av \"det synes "
-"rimelig\" gitt teknologien som Wright-brødrene hadde produsert. De kunne "
-"stå på sine gårder, med døde kyllinger i hendene, og heve knyttneven mot "
-"disse nye teknologiene så mye de ville. De kunne ringe sine representanter "
-"eller til og med saksøke. Men når alt kom til alt, ville kraften i det som "
-"virket \"åpenbart\" for alle andre—makten til \"sunn fornuft\"—"
-"ville vinne frem. Deres \"personlige interesser\" ville ikke få lov til å "
-"nedkjempe en åpenbar fordel for fellesskapet."
+"i en kyllingfarm. Causbyene i verden fant seg selv omringet av <quote>det "
+"synes rimelig</quote> gitt teknologien som Wright-brødrene hadde produsert. "
+"De kunne stå på sine gårder, med døde kyllinger i hendene, og heve "
+"knyttneven mot disse nye teknologiene så mye de ville. De kunne ringe sine "
+"representanter eller til og med saksøke. Men når alt kom til alt, ville "
+"kraften i det som virket <quote>åpenbart</quote> for alle andre—makten "
+"til <quote>sunn fornuft</quote>—ville vinne frem. Deres "
+"<quote>personlige interesser</quote> ville ikke få lov til å nedkjempe en "
+"åpenbar fordel for fellesskapet."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Bell, Alexander Graham"
"locked on a broadcast that he had arranged from seventeen miles away. The "
"radio fell totally silent, as if dead, and then with a clarity no one else "
"in that room had ever heard from an electrical device, it produced the sound "
-"of an announcer's voice: \"This is amateur station W2AG at Yonkers, New "
-"York, operating on frequency modulation at two and a half meters.\""
+"of an announcer's voice: <quote>This is amateur station W2AG at Yonkers, New "
+"York, operating on frequency modulation at two and a half meters.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Den 5. november 1935 demonstrerte han teknologien på et møte hos institutt "
"for radioingeniører ved Empire State-bygningen i New York City. Han vred "
"kringkasting som han hadde satt opp 27 kilometer unna. Radioen ble helt "
"stille, som om den var død, og så, med en klarhet ingen andre i rommet noen "
"gang hadde hørt fra et elektrisk apparat, produserte det lyden av en "
-"opplesers stemme: \"Dette er amatørstasjon W2AG ved Yonkers, New York, som "
-"opererer på frekvensmodulering ved to og en halv meter.\""
+"opplesers stemme: <quote>Dette er amatørstasjon W2AG ved Yonkers, New York, "
+"som opererer på frekvensmodulering ved to og en halv meter.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid "The audience was hearing something no one had thought possible:"
"it sounded like paper and not like a crackling forest fire. … Sousa "
"marches were played from records and a piano solo and guitar number were "
"performed. … The music was projected with a live-ness rarely if ever "
-"heard before from a radio \"music box.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"heard before from a radio <quote>music box.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Et glass vann ble fylt opp foran mikrofonen i Yonkers, og det hørtes ut som "
"et glass som ble fylt opp. … Et papir ble krøllet og revet opp, og "
"det hørtes ut som papir og ikke som en sprakende skogbrann. … Sousa-"
"marsjer ble spilt av fra plater og en pianosolo og et gitarnummer ble "
"utført. … Musikken ble presentert med en livaktighet som sjeldent om "
-"noen gang før hadde vært hørt fra en radio-\"musikk-boks\".<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"noen gang før hadde vært hørt fra en radio-<quote>musikk-boks</quote>."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 20
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"RCA's president, David Sarnoff, a friend of Armstrong's, was eager that "
"Armstrong discover a way to remove static from AM radio. So Sarnoff was "
"quite excited when Armstrong told him he had a device that removed static "
-"from \"radio.\" But when Armstrong demonstrated his invention, Sarnoff was "
-"not pleased. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"from <quote>radio.</quote> But when Armstrong demonstrated his invention, "
+"
Sarnoff was not pleased. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Presidenten i RCA, David Sarnoff, en venn av Armstrong, var ivrig etter å få "
"Armstrong til å oppdage en måte å fjerne støyen fra AM-radio. Så Sarnoff var "
"ganske spent da Armstrong fortalte ham at han hadde en enhet som fjernet "
-"støy fra \"radio.\". Men da Armstrong demonstrerte sin oppfinnelse, var "
-"ikke Sarnoff fornøyd. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"støy fra <quote>radio.</quote>. Men da Armstrong demonstrerte sin "
+"oppfinnelse, var ikke Sarnoff fornøyd. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See \"Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,\" First "
-"Electronic Church of America, at www.webstationone.com/fecha, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</ulink>."
+"See <quote>Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,</quote> "
+"First Electronic Church of America, at www.webstationone.com/fecha, "
+"
available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se \"Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,\" første "
-"elektroniske kirke i USA, hos www.webstationone.com/fecha, tilgjengelig fra "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</ulink>."
+"Se <quote>Saints: The Heroes and Geniuses of the Electronic Era,</quote> "
+"første elektroniske kirke i USA, hos www.webstationone.com/fecha, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #1</"
+"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Amanda Lenhart, \"The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
-"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,\" Pew Internet and American Life "
-"Project, 15 April 2003: 6, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #2</ulink>."
+"Amanda Lenhart, <quote>The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
+"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,</quote> Pew Internet and American "
+"Life Project, 15 April 2003: 6, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #2</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Amanda Lenhart, \"The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
-"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,\" Pew Internet and American Life "
-"Project, 15. april 2003: 6, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"Amanda Lenhart, <quote>The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A New Look at "
+"Internet Access and the Digital Divide,</quote> Pew Internet and American "
+"
Life Project, 15. april 2003: 6, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #2</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"We can glimpse a sense of this change by distinguishing between commercial "
"and noncommercial culture, and by mapping the law's regulation of each. By "
-"\"commercial culture\" I mean that part of our culture that is produced and "
-"sold or produced to be sold. By \"noncommercial culture\" I mean all the "
-"rest. When old men sat around parks or on street corners telling stories "
-"that kids and others consumed, that was noncommercial culture. When Noah "
-"Webster published his \"Reader,\" or Joel Barlow his poetry, that was "
-"
commercial culture. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"<quote>commercial culture</quote> I mean that part of our culture that is "
+"produced and sold or produced to be sold. By <quote>noncommercial culture</"
+"quote> I mean all the rest. When old men sat around parks or on street "
+"corners telling stories that kids and others consumed, that was "
+"noncommercial culture. When Noah Webster published his <quote>Reader,</"
+"
quote> or Joel Barlow his poetry, that was commercial culture. <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan få en følelse av denne endringen ved å skille mellom kommersiell og "
"ikke-kommersiell kultur, ved å knytte lovens reguleringer til hver av dem. "
-"Med \"kommersiell kultur\" mener jeg den delen av vår kultur som er "
-"produsert og solgt eller produsert for å bli solgt. Med \"ikke-kommersiell "
-"kultur\" mener jeg alt det andre. Da gamle menn satt rundt i parker eller på "
-"gatehjørner og fortalte historier som unger og andre lyttet til, så var det "
-"ikke-kommersiell kultur. Da Noah Webster publiserte sin \"Reader\", eller "
-"Joel Barlow sin poesi, så var det kommersiell kultur. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Med <quote>kommersiell kultur</quote> mener jeg den delen av vår kultur som "
+"er produsert og solgt eller produsert for å bli solgt. Med <quote>ikke-"
+"kommersiell kultur</quote> mener jeg alt det andre. Da gamle menn satt rundt "
+"i parker eller på gatehjørner og fortalte historier som unger og andre "
+"lyttet til, så var det ikke-kommersiell kultur. Da Noah Webster publiserte "
+"sin <quote>Reader</quote>, eller Joel Barlow sin poesi, så var det "
+"kommersiell kultur. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"tradition, noncommercial culture was essentially unregulated. Of course, if "
"your stories were lewd, or if your song disturbed the peace, then the law "
"might intervene. But the law was never directly concerned with the creation "
-"or spread of this form of culture, and it left this culture \"free.\" The "
-"ordinary ways in which ordinary individuals shared and transformed their "
-"culture—telling stories, reenacting scenes from plays or TV, "
-"participating in fan clubs, sharing music, making tapes—were left "
-"alone by the law."
+"or spread of this form of culture, and it left this culture <quote>free.</"
+"quote> The ordinary ways in which ordinary individuals shared and "
+"transformed their culture—telling stories, reenacting scenes from "
+"plays or TV, participating in fan clubs, sharing music, making tapes—"
+"were left alone by the law."
msgstr ""
"Fra historisk tid, og for omtrent hele vår tradisjon, har ikke-kommersiell "
"kultur i hovedsak ikke vært regulert. Selvfølgelig, hvis din historie var "
"utuktig, eller hvis dine sanger forstyrret freden, kunne loven gripe inn. "
"Men loven var aldri direkte interessert i skapingen eller spredningen av "
-"denne form for kultur, og lot denne kulturen være \"fri\". Den vanlige "
-"måten som vanlige individer delte og formet deres kultur—"
+"denne form for kultur, og lot denne kulturen være <quote>fri</quote>. Den "
+"vanlige måten som vanlige individer delte og formet deres kultur—"
"historiefortelling, formidling av scener fra teater eller TV, delta i fan-"
"klubber, deling av musikk, laging av kassetter—ble ikke styrt av "
"lovverket."
"in publication, but also a privacy interest. By granting authors the "
"exclusive right to first publication, state copyright law gave authors the "
"power to control the spread of facts about them. See Samuel D. Warren and "
-"Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): "
-"193, 198–200. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> Harvard Law Review 4 "
+"
(1890): 193, 198–200. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er ikke det eneste formålet med opphavsrett, men det er helt klart "
"hovedformålet med opphavsretten slik den er etablert i føderal grunnlov. "
"interesse når det gjaldt publikasjoner, men også personverninteresser. Ved "
"å gi forfattere eneretten til å publisere først, ga delstatenes "
"opphavsrettslovene forfatterne makt til å kontrollere spredningen av fakta "
-"om seg selv. Se Samuel D. Warren og Louis Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy"
-"\", Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): 193, 198–200. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"om seg selv. Se Samuel D. Warren og Louis Brandeis, <quote>The Right to "
+"Privacy</quote>, Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): 193, 198–200. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Amy Harmon, \"Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
-"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" <citetitle>New York "
-"Times</citetitle>, 17 January 2002."
+"Amy Harmon, <quote>Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
+"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 17 January 2002."
msgstr ""
-"Amy Harmon, \"Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
-"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,\" <citetitle>New York "
-"Times</citetitle>, 17. januar 2002."
+"Amy Harmon, <quote>Black Hawk Download: Moving Beyond Music, Pirates Use New "
+"Tools to Turn the Net into an Illicit Video Club,</quote> <citetitle>New "
+"York Times</citetitle>, 17. januar 2002."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It doesn't seem this way to many. The battles over copyright and the "
"Internet seem remote to most. To the few who follow them, they seem mainly "
-"about a much simpler brace of questions—whether \"piracy\" will be "
-"permitted, and whether \"property\" will be protected. The \"war\" that has "
-"been waged against the technologies of the Internet—what Motion "
-"Picture Association of America (MPAA) president Jack Valenti calls his \"own "
-"terrorist war\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—has been "
-"framed as a battle about the rule of law and respect for property. To know "
-"which side to take in this war, most think that we need only decide whether "
-"we're for property or against it."
+"about a much simpler brace of questions—whether <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"will be permitted, and whether <quote>property</quote> will be protected. "
+"The <quote>war</quote> that has been waged against the technologies of the "
+"Internet—what Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) president "
+"Jack Valenti calls his <quote>own terrorist war</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—has been framed as a battle about the rule of "
+"law and respect for property. To know which side to take in this war, most "
+"think that we need only decide whether we're for property or against it."
msgstr ""
"Det ser ikke slik ut for mange. Kamphandlingene over opphavsrett og "
"internettet er fjernt for de fleste. For de få som følger dem, virker de i "
"hovedsak å handle om et enklere sett med spørsmål—hvorvidt "
-"\"piratvirksomhet\" vil bli akseptert, og hvorvidt \"eiendomsretten\" vil "
-"bli beskyttet. \"Krigen\" som har blitt erklært mot teknologiene til "
-"internettet—det presidenten for Motion Picture Association of America "
-"(MPAA) Jack Valenti kaller sin \"egen terroristkrig\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—har blitt rammet inn som en kamp om å følge "
-"loven og respektere eiendomsretten. For å vite hvilken side vi bør ta i "
-"denne krigen, de fleste tenker at vi kun trenger å bestemme om hvorvidt vi "
-"er for eiendomsrett eller mot den."
+"<quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> vil bli akseptert, og hvorvidt "
+"<quote>eiendomsretten</quote> vil bli beskyttet. <quote>Krigen</quote> som "
+"har blitt erklært mot teknologiene til internettet—det presidenten for "
+"Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) Jack Valenti kaller sin "
+"<quote>egen terroristkrig</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+">—har blitt rammet inn som en kamp om å følge loven og respektere "
+"eiendomsretten. For å vite hvilken side vi bør ta i denne krigen, de fleste "
+"tenker at vi kun trenger å bestemme om hvorvidt vi er for eiendomsrett eller "
+"mot den."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"If those really were the choices, then I would be with Jack Valenti and the "
"content industry. I, too, am a believer in property, and especially in the "
-"importance of what Mr. Valenti nicely calls \"creative property.\" I believe "
-"that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that the law, properly tuned, should punish "
-"\"piracy,\" whether on or off the Internet."
+"importance of what Mr. Valenti nicely calls <quote>creative property.</"
+"quote> I believe that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that the law, "
+"properly tuned, should punish <quote>piracy,</quote> whether on or off the "
+"Internet."
msgstr ""
"Hvis dette virkelig var alternativene, så ville jeg være enig med Jack "
"Valenti og innholdsindustrien. Jeg tror også på eiendomsretten, og spesielt "
-"på viktigheten av hva Mr. Valenti så pent kaller \"kreativ eiendomsrett\". "
-"Jeg tror at \"piratvirksomhet\" er galt, og at loven, riktig innstilt, bør "
-"straffe \"piratvirksomhet\", både på og utenfor internettet."
+"på viktigheten av hva Mr. Valenti så pent kaller <quote>kreativ "
+"eiendomsrett</quote>. Jeg tror at <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> er galt, "
+"og at loven, riktig innstilt, bør straffe <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>, "
+"både på og utenfor internettet."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But those simple beliefs mask a much more fundamental question and a much "
"more dramatic change. My fear is that unless we come to see this change, the "
-"war to rid the world of Internet \"pirates\" will also rid our culture of "
-"values that have been integral to our tradition from the start."
+"war to rid the world of Internet <quote>pirates</quote> will also rid our "
+"culture of values that have been integral to our tradition from the start."
msgstr ""
"Men disse enkle trosoppfatninger maskerer et mye mer grunnleggende spørsmål "
"og en mye mer dramatisk endring. Min frykt er at med mindre vi begynner å "
"legge merke til denne endringen, så vil krigen for å befri verden fra "
-"internettets \"pirater\" også fjerne verdier fra vår kultur som har vært "
-"integrert til vår tradisjon helt fra starten."
+"internettets <quote>pirater</quote> også fjerne verdier fra vår kultur som "
+"har vært integrert til vår tradisjon helt fra starten."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Netanel, Neil Weinstock"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" "
+"Neil W. Netanel, <quote>Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Neil W. Netanel, \"Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,\" "
+"Neil W. Netanel, <quote>Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 106 (1996): 283. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the \"centrality "
-"of technology\" to ordinary life. I don't believe in gods, digital or "
-"otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual or group, for "
-"neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or otherwise. It is not a "
-"morality tale. Nor is it a call to jihad against an industry."
+"The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the "
+"<quote>centrality of technology</quote> to ordinary life. I don't believe in "
+"gods, digital or otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual "
+"or group, for neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or otherwise. It is "
+"not a morality tale. Nor is it a call to jihad against an industry."
msgstr ""
-"Historien som følger er om denne krigen. Er det ikke om \"betydningen av "
-"teknologi\" i vanlig liv. Jeg tror ikke på guder, hverken digitale eller "
-"andre typer. Det er heller ikke et forsøk på å demonisere noen individer "
-"eller gruppe, jeg tro heller ikke i en djevel, selskapsmessig eller på annen "
-"måte. Det er ikke en moralsk historie. Ei heller er det et rop om hellig "
-"krig mot en industri."
+"Historien som følger er om denne krigen. Er det ikke om <quote>betydningen "
+"av teknologi</quote> i vanlig liv. Jeg tror ikke på guder, hverken digitale "
+"eller andre typer. Det er heller ikke et forsøk på å demonisere noen "
+"individer eller gruppe, jeg tro heller ikke i en djevel, selskapsmessig "
+"eller på annen måte. Det er ikke en moralsk historie. Ei heller er det et "
+"rop om hellig krig mot en industri."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Like the Causbys' battle, this war is, in part, about \"property.\" The "
-"property of this war is not as tangible as the Causbys', and no innocent "
-"chicken has yet to lose its life. Yet the ideas surrounding this \"property"
-"\" are as obvious to most as the Causbys' claim about the sacredness of "
-"their farm was to them. We are the Causbys. Most of us take for granted the "
-"extraordinarily powerful claims that the owners of \"intellectual property\" "
-"now assert. Most of us, like the Causbys, treat these claims as obvious. And "
-"hence we, like the Causbys, object when a new technology interferes with "
-"this property. It is as plain to us as it was to them that the new "
-"technologies of the Internet are \"trespassing\" upon legitimate claims of "
-"\"property.\" It is as plain to us as it was to them that the law should "
-"intervene to stop this trespass."
-msgstr ""
-"Lik Causbyenes kamp er denne krigen, delvis, om \"eiendomsrett\". Eiendommen "
-"i denne krigen er ikke like håndfast som den til Causbyene, og ingen "
-"uskyldige kyllinger har så langt mistet livet. Likevel er idéene rundt "
-"denne \"eiendomsretten\" like åpenbare for de fleste som Causbyenes krav om "
-"ukrenkeligheten til deres bondegård var for dem. De fleste av oss tar for "
-"gitt de uvanlig mektige krav som eierne av \"immaterielle rettigheter\" nå "
-"hevder. De fleste av oss, som Causbyene, behandler disse kravene som "
-"åpenbare. Og dermed protesterer vi, som Causbyene,, når ny teknologi griper "
-"inn i denne eiendomsretten. Det er så klart for oss som det var fro dem at "
-"de nye teknologiene til internettet \"tar seg til rette\" mot legitime krav "
-"til \"eiendomsrett\". Det er like klart for oss som det var for dem at "
-"loven skulle ta affære for å stoppe denne inntrengingen i annen manns "
-"eiendom."
+"Like the Causbys' battle, this war is, in part, about <quote>property.</"
+"quote> The property of this war is not as tangible as the Causbys', and no "
+"innocent chicken has yet to lose its life. Yet the ideas surrounding this "
+"<quote>property</quote> are as obvious to most as the Causbys' claim about "
+"the sacredness of their farm was to them. We are the Causbys. Most of us "
+"take for granted the extraordinarily powerful claims that the owners of "
+"<quote>intellectual property</quote> now assert. Most of us, like the "
+"Causbys, treat these claims as obvious. And hence we, like the Causbys, "
+"object when a new technology interferes with this property. It is as plain "
+"to us as it was to them that the new technologies of the Internet are "
+"<quote>trespassing</quote> upon legitimate claims of <quote>property.</"
+"quote> It is as plain to us as it was to them that the law should intervene "
+"to stop this trespass."
+msgstr ""
+"Lik Causbyenes kamp er denne krigen, delvis, om <quote>eiendomsrett</quote>. "
+"Eiendommen i denne krigen er ikke like håndfast som den til Causbyene, og "
+"ingen uskyldige kyllinger har så langt mistet livet. Likevel er idéene "
+"rundt denne <quote>eiendomsretten</quote> like åpenbare for de fleste som "
+"Causbyenes krav om ukrenkeligheten til deres bondegård var for dem. De "
+"fleste av oss tar for gitt de uvanlig mektige krav som eierne av "
+"<quote>immaterielle rettigheter</quote> nå hevder. De fleste av oss, som "
+"Causbyene, behandler disse kravene som åpenbare. Og dermed protesterer vi, "
+"som Causbyene,, når ny teknologi griper inn i denne eiendomsretten. Det er "
+"så klart for oss som det var fro dem at de nye teknologiene til internettet "
+"<quote>tar seg til rette</quote> mot legitime krav til <quote>eiendomsrett</"
+"quote>. Det er like klart for oss som det var for dem at loven skulle ta "
+"affære for å stoppe denne inntrengingen i annen manns eiendom."
#. PAGE BREAK 27
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"amazed by the power of this idea of intellectual property and, more "
"importantly, its power to disable critical thought by policy makers and "
"citizens. There has never been a time in our history when more of our "
-"\"culture\" was as \"owned\" as it is now. And yet there has never been a "
-"time when the concentration of power to control the <emphasis>uses</"
-"emphasis> of culture has been as unquestioningly accepted as it is now."
+"<quote>culture</quote> was as <quote>owned</quote> as it is now. And yet "
+"there has never been a time when the concentration of power to control the "
+"<emphasis>uses</emphasis> of culture has been as unquestioningly accepted as "
+"it is now."
msgstr ""
"Mitt håp er å skyve denne sunne fornuften videre. Jeg har blitt stadig mer "
"overrasket over kraften til denne idéen om immaterielle rettigheter og, mer "
"viktig, dets evne til å slå av kritisk tanke hos lovmakere og innbyggere. "
-"Det har aldri før i vår historie vært så mye av vår \"kultur\" som har vært "
-"\"eid\" enn det er nå. Og likevel har aldri før konsentrasjonen av makt til "
-"å kontrollere <emphasis>bruken</emphasis> av kulturen vært mer akseptert "
-"uten spørsmål enn det er nå."
+"Det har aldri før i vår historie vært så mye av vår <quote>kultur</quote> "
+"som har vært <quote>eid</quote> enn det er nå. Og likevel har aldri før "
+"konsentrasjonen av makt til å kontrollere <emphasis>bruken</emphasis> av "
+"kulturen vært mer akseptert uten spørsmål enn det er nå."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I don't mean to be mysterious. My own views are resolved. I believe it was "
"right for common sense to revolt against the extremism of the Causbys. I "
"believe it would be right for common sense to revolt against the extreme "
-"claims made today on behalf of \"intellectual property.\" What the law "
-"demands today is increasingly as silly as a sheriff arresting an airplane "
-"for trespass. But the consequences of this silliness will be much more "
-"profound."
+"claims made today on behalf of <quote>intellectual property.</quote> What "
+"the law demands today is increasingly as silly as a sheriff arresting an "
+"airplane for trespass. But the consequences of this silliness will be much "
+"more profound."
msgstr ""
"Jeg forsøker ikke å være mystisk. Mine egne synspunkter er klare. Jeg mener "
"det var riktig for sunn fornuft å gjøre opprør mot ekstremismen til "
"Causbyene. Jeg mener det ville være riktig for sunn fornuft å gjøre opprør "
-"mot de ekstreme krav som gjøres i dag på vegne av \"immaterielle rettigheter"
-"\". Det som loven krever i dag er mer å mer like dumt som om lensmannen "
-"skulle arrestere en flymaskin for å trenge inn på annen manns eiendom. Men "
-"konsekvensene av den nye dumskapen vil bli mye mer dyptgripende."
+"mot de ekstreme krav som gjøres i dag på vegne av <quote>immaterielle "
+"rettigheter</quote>. Det som loven krever i dag er mer å mer like dumt som "
+"om lensmannen skulle arrestere en flymaskin for å trenge inn på annen manns "
+"eiendom. Men konsekvensene av den nye dumskapen vil bli mye mer "
+"dyptgripende."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"The struggle that rages just now centers on two ideas: \"piracy\" and "
-"\"property.\" My aim in this book's next two parts is to explore these two "
-"ideas."
+"The struggle that rages just now centers on two ideas: <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"and <quote>property.</quote> My aim in this book's next two parts is to "
+"explore these two ideas."
msgstr ""
"Basketaket som pågår akkurat nå senterer seg rundt to idéer: "
-"\"piratvirksomhet\" og \"eiendom\". Mitt mål med denne bokens neste to "
-"deler er å utforske disse to idéene."
+"<quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> og <quote>eiendom</quote>. Mitt mål med "
+"denne bokens neste to deler er å utforske disse to idéene."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgid ""
"The two sections set up the core claim of this book: that while the Internet "
"has indeed produced something fantastic and new, our government, pushed by "
-"big media to respond to this \"something new,\" is destroying something very "
-"old. Rather than understanding the changes the Internet might permit, and "
-"rather than taking time to let \"common sense\" resolve how best to respond, "
-"we are allowing those most threatened by the changes to use their power to "
-"change the law—and more importantly, to use their power to change "
-"something fundamental about who we have always been."
+"big media to respond to this <quote>something new,</quote> is destroying "
+"something very old. Rather than understanding the changes the Internet might "
+"permit, and rather than taking time to let <quote>common sense</quote> "
+"resolve how best to respond, we are allowing those most threatened by the "
+"changes to use their power to change the law—and more importantly, to "
+"use their power to change something fundamental about who we have always "
+"been."
msgstr ""
"De to delene setter opp kjernen i påstanden til denne boken: at mens "
"internettet faktisk har produsert noe fantastisk og nytt, bidrar våre "
-"myndigheter, presset av store medieaktører for å møte dette \"noe nytt\" til "
-"å ødelegge noe som er svært gammelt. I stedet for å forstå endringene som "
-"internettet kan gjøre mulig, og i stedet for å ta den tiden som trengs for å "
-"la \"sunn fornuft\" finne ut hvordan best svare på utfordringen, så lar vi "
-"de som er mest truet av endringene bruke sin makt til å endre loven—og "
-"viktigere, å bruke sin makt til å endre noe fundamentalt om hvordan vi "
-"alltid har fungert."
+"myndigheter, presset av store medieaktører for å møte dette <quote>noe nytt</"
+"quote> til å ødelegge noe som er svært gammelt. I stedet for å forstå "
+"endringene som internettet kan gjøre mulig, og i stedet for å ta den tiden "
+"som trengs for å la <quote>sunn fornuft</quote> finne ut hvordan best svare "
+"på utfordringen, så lar vi de som er mest truet av endringene bruke sin makt "
+"til å endre loven—og viktigere, å bruke sin makt til å endre noe "
+"fundamentalt om hvordan vi alltid har fungert."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"for de fleste av oss forblir ukjent med."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-msgid "\"PIRACY\""
-msgstr "\"Piratvirksomhet\""
+msgid "<quote>PIRACY</quote>"
+msgstr "<quote>Piratvirksomhet</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Mansfield, William Murray, Lord"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"Since the inception of the law regulating creative property, there has been "
-"a war against \"piracy.\" The precise contours of this concept, \"piracy,\" "
-"are hard to sketch, but the animating injustice is easy to capture. As Lord "
-"Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach of English copyright law "
-"to include sheet music,"
+"a war against <quote>piracy.</quote> The precise contours of this concept, "
+"<quote>piracy,</quote> are hard to sketch, but the animating injustice is "
+"easy to capture. As Lord Mansfield wrote in a case that extended the reach "
+"of English copyright law to include sheet music,"
msgstr ""
"Helt siden loven begynte å regulere kreative eierrettigheter, har det vært "
-"en krig mot \"piratvirksomhet\". De presise konturene av dette konseptet, "
-"\"piratvirksomhet\", har vært vanskelig å tegne opp, men bildet av "
-"urettferdighet er enkelt å beskrive. Som Lord Mansfield skrev i en sak som "
-"utvidet rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til å inkludere noteark,"
+"en krig mot <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>. De presise konturene av dette "
+"konseptet, <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>, har vært vanskelig å tegne opp, "
+"men bildet av urettferdighet er enkelt å beskrive. Som Lord Mansfield skrev "
+"i en sak som utvidet rekkevidden for engelsk opphavsrettslov til å inkludere "
+"noteark,"
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 31
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
-"Today we are in the middle of another \"war\" against \"piracy.\" The "
-"Internet has provoked this war. The Internet makes possible the efficient "
-"spread of content. Peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing is among the most "
-"efficient of the efficient technologies the Internet enables. Using "
-"distributed intelligence, p2p systems facilitate the easy spread of content "
-"in a way unimagined a generation ago."
-msgstr ""
-"I dag er vi midt inne i en annen \"krig\" mot \"piratvirksomhet\". "
-"Internettet har fremprovosert denne krigen. Internettet gjør det mulig å "
-"effektivt spre innhold. Peer-to-peer (p2p) fildeling er blant det mest "
-"effektive av de effektive teknologier internettet muliggjør. Ved å bruke "
-"distribuert intelligens, kan p2p-systemer muliggjøre enkel spredning av "
-"innhold på en måte som ingen forestilte seg for en generasjon siden."
+"Today we are in the middle of another <quote>war</quote> against "
+"<quote>piracy.</quote> The Internet has provoked this war. The Internet "
+"makes possible the efficient spread of content. Peer-to-peer (p2p) file "
+"sharing is among the most efficient of the efficient technologies the "
+"Internet enables. Using distributed intelligence, p2p systems facilitate the "
+"easy spread of content in a way unimagined a generation ago."
+msgstr ""
+"I dag er vi midt inne i en annen <quote>krig</quote> mot "
+"<quote>piratvirksomhet</quote>. Internettet har fremprovosert denne krigen. "
+"Internettet gjør det mulig å effektivt spre innhold. Peer-to-peer (p2p) "
+"fildeling er blant det mest effektive av de effektive teknologier "
+"internettet muliggjør. Ved å bruke distribuert intelligens, kan p2p-systemer "
+"muliggjøre enkel spredning av innhold på en måte som ingen forestilte seg "
+"for en generasjon siden."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"network doesn't discriminate between the sharing of copyrighted and "
"uncopyrighted content. Thus has there been a vast amount of sharing of "
"copyrighted content. That sharing in turn has excited the war, as copyright "
-"owners fear the sharing will \"rob the author of the profit.\""
+"owners fear the sharing will <quote>rob the author of the profit.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Denne effektiviteten respekterer ikke de tradisjonelle skillene i "
"opphavsretten. Nettverket skiller ikke mellom deling av "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet og ikke opphavsrettsbeskyttet innhold. Dermed har det "
"vært deling av en enorm mengde opphavsrettsbeskyttet innhold. Denne "
"delingen har i sin tur ansporet til krigen, på grunn av at eiere av "
-"opphavsretter frykter delingen vil \"frata forfatteren overskuddet.\""
+"opphavsretter frykter delingen vil <quote>frata forfatteren overskuddet.</"
+"quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"The warriors have turned to the courts, to the legislatures, and "
-"increasingly to technology to defend their \"property\" against this "
-"\"piracy.\" A generation of Americans, the warriors warn, is being raised to "
-"believe that \"property\" should be \"free.\" Forget tattoos, never mind "
-"body piercing—our kids are becoming <emphasis>thieves</emphasis>!"
+"increasingly to technology to defend their <quote>property</quote> against "
+"this <quote>piracy.</quote> A generation of Americans, the warriors warn, is "
+"being raised to believe that <quote>property</quote> should be <quote>free.</"
+"quote> Forget tattoos, never mind body piercing—our kids are becoming "
+"<emphasis>thieves</emphasis>!"
msgstr ""
"Krigerne har snudd seg til domstolene, til lovgiverne, og i stadig større "
-"grad til teknologi for å forsvare sin \"eiendom\" mot denne "
-"\"piratvirksomheten\". En generasjon amerikanere, advarer krigerne, blir "
-"oppdratt til å tro at \"eiendom\" skal være \"gratis\". Glem tatoveringer, "
-"ikke tenk på kroppspiercing—våre barn blir <emphasis>tyver</emphasis>!"
+"grad til teknologi for å forsvare sin <quote>eiendom</quote> mot denne "
+"<quote>piratvirksomheten</quote>. En generasjon amerikanere, advarer "
+"krigerne, blir oppdratt til å tro at <quote>eiendom</quote> skal være "
+"<quote>gratis</quote>. Glem tatoveringer, ikke tenk på kroppspiercing—"
+"våre barn blir <emphasis>tyver</emphasis>!"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
-"There's no doubt that \"piracy\" is wrong, and that pirates should be "
-"punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put this notion "
-"of \"piracy\" in some context. For as the concept is increasingly used, at "
-"its core is an extraordinary idea that is almost certainly wrong."
+"There's no doubt that <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong, and that pirates "
+"should be punished. But before we summon the executioners, we should put "
+"this notion of <quote>piracy</quote> in some context. For as the concept is "
+"increasingly used, at its core is an extraordinary idea that is almost "
+"certainly wrong."
msgstr ""
-"Det er ingen tvil om at \"piratvirksomhet\" er galt, og at pirater bør "
-"straffes. Men før vi roper på bødlene, bør vi sette dette \"piratvirksomhets"
-"\"-begrepet i en sammenheng. For mens begrepet blir mer og mer brukt, har "
-"det i sin kjerne en ekstraordinær idé som nesten helt sikkert er feil."
+"Det er ingen tvil om at <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> er galt, og at "
+"pirater bør straffes. Men før vi roper på bødlene, bør vi sette dette "
+"<quote>piratvirksomhets</quote>-begrepet i en sammenheng. For mens begrepet "
+"blir mer og mer brukt, har det i sin kjerne en ekstraordinær idé som nesten "
+"helt sikkert er feil."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid "The idea goes something like this:"
#. f2
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in "
-"the Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 "
-"(1990): 397."
+"See Rochelle Dreyfuss, <quote>Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language "
+"in the Pepsi Generation,</quote> <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 65 (1990): 397."
msgstr ""
-"Se Rochelle Dreyfuss, \"Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in the "
-"Pepsi Generation,\" <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</citetitle> 65 (1990): "
-"397."
+"Se Rochelle Dreyfuss, <quote>Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language "
+"in the Pepsi Generation,</quote> <citetitle>Notre Dame Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 65 (1990): 397."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Zittrain, Jonathan"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
-"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan "
-"Zittrain, \"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free "
-"Speech, No One Wins,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 24 November "
-"2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Lisa Bannon, <quote>The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21 August 1996, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; "
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of "
+"Property vs. Free Speech, No One Wins,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</"
+"
citetitle>, 24 November 2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Lisa Bannon, \"The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,\" "
-"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21. august 1996, tilgjengelig "
-"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</ulink>; Jonathan "
-"Zittrain, \"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free "
-"Speech, No One Wins,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 24. november "
-"2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Lisa Bannon, <quote>The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 21. august 1996, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #3</"
+"ulink>; Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle "
+"of Property vs. Free Speech, No One Wins,</quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</"
+"
citetitle>, 24. november 2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
-"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
-"creative property<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> —if there "
-"is value, then someone must have a right to that value. It is the "
+"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
+"theory of creative property<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> —"
+"if there is value, then someone must have a right to that value. It is the "
"perspective that led a composers' rights organization, ASCAP, to sue the "
"Girl Scouts for failing to pay for the songs that girls sang around Girl "
-"Scout campfires.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> There was \"value"
-"\" (the songs) so there must have been a \"right\"—even against the "
-"Girl Scouts."
+"Scout campfires.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> There was "
+"<quote>value</quote> (the songs) so there must have been a <quote>right</"
+"quote>—even against the Girl Scouts."
msgstr ""
"Dette synet går dypt i de pågående debattene. Det er hva jussprofessor "
-"Rochelle Dreyfuss ved NYU kritiserer som \"hvis verdi, så rettighet\"-"
-"teorien for kreative eierrettigheter <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
-">—hvis det finnes verdi, så må noen ha rettigheten til denne verdien. "
-"Det er perspektivet som fikk komponistenes rettighetsorganisasjon, ASCAP, "
-"til å saksøke jentespeiderne for å ikke betale for sangene som jentene sagt "
-"rundt jentespeidernes leirbål.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Det "
-"fantes \"verdi\" (sangene), så det måtte ha vært en \"rettighet\"—til "
-"og med mot jentespeiderne."
+"Rochelle Dreyfuss ved NYU kritiserer som <quote>hvis verdi, så rettighet</"
+"quote>-teorien for kreative eierrettigheter <placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>—hvis det finnes verdi, så må noen ha rettigheten til denne "
+"verdien. Det er perspektivet som fikk komponistenes rettighetsorganisasjon, "
+"ASCAP, til å saksøke jentespeiderne for å ikke betale for sangene som "
+"jentene sagt rundt jentespeidernes leirbål.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"1\"/> Det fantes <quote>verdi</quote> (sangene), så det måtte ha vært en "
+"<quote>rettighet</quote>—til og med mot jentespeiderne."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ASCAP"
msgid ""
"This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
"should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
-"protecting creative property. But the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
-"creative property has never been America's theory of creative property. It "
-"has never taken hold within our law."
+"protecting creative property. But the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
+"theory of creative property has never been America's theory of creative "
+"property. It has never taken hold within our law."
msgstr ""
"Denne idéen er helt klart en mulig forståelse om hvordan kreative "
"eierrettigheter bør virke. Det er helt klart et mulig design for et "
-"lovsystem som beskytter kreative eierrettigheter. Men teorien om \"hvis "
-"verdi, så rettighet\" for kreative eierrettigheter har aldri vært USAs teori "
-"for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot i vårt lovverk."
+"lovsystem som beskytter kreative eierrettigheter. Men teorien om "
+"<quote>hvis verdi, så rettighet</quote> for kreative eierrettigheter har "
+"aldri vært USAs teori for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot "
+"i vårt lovverk."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
"law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
"creators but effectively that of anyone. Although that expansion would not "
-"matter much if copyright law regulated only \"copying,\" when the law "
-"regulates as broadly and obscurely as it does, the extension matters a lot. "
-"The burden of this law now vastly outweighs any original benefit—"
+"matter much if copyright law regulated only <quote>copying,</quote> when the "
+"law regulates as broadly and obscurely as it does, the extension matters a "
+"lot. The burden of this law now vastly outweighs any original benefit—"
"certainly as it affects noncommercial creativity, and increasingly as it "
"affects commercial creativity as well. Thus, as we'll see more clearly in "
"the chapters below, the law's role is less and less to support creativity, "
"the time digital technology could unleash an extraordinary range of "
"commercial and noncommercial creativity, the law burdens this creativity "
"with insanely complex and vague rules and with the threat of obscenely "
-"severe penalties. We may be seeing, as Richard Florida writes, the \"Rise of "
-"the Creative Class.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"Unfortunately, we are also seeing an extraordinary rise of regulation of "
-"this creative class."
+"severe penalties. We may be seeing, as Richard Florida writes, the "
+"<quote>Rise of the Creative Class.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> Unfortunately, we are also seeing an extraordinary rise of "
+"regulation of this creative class."
msgstr ""
"Men da internettet dukket opp, forsvant denne naturlige begrensningen til "
"lovens virkeområde. Loven kontrollerer ikke bare kreativiteten til "
"kommersielle skapere, men effektivt sett kreativiteten til alle. Selv om "
"utvidelsen ikke ville bety stort hvis opphavsrettsloven kun regulerte "
-"\"kopiering\", så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så bredt og "
-"obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt fordelene "
-"den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
+"<quote>kopiering</quote>, så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så "
+"bredt og obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt "
+"fordelene den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
"kommersiell kreativitet, og i stadig større grad slik den påvirker "
"kommersiell kreativitet. Dermed, slik vi ser klarere i kapitlene som "
"følger, er lovens rolle mindre og mindre å støtte kreativitet, og mer og mer "
"digital teknologi kunne sluppet løs en ekstraordinær mengde med kommersiell "
"og ikke-kommersiell kreativitet, tynger loven denne kreativiteten med "
"sinnsykt kompliserte og vage regler og med trusselen om uanstendig harde "
-"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, \"Fremveksten av den "
-"kreative klasse\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Dessverre ser vi "
-"også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne kreative klassen."
+"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, <quote>Fremveksten "
+"av den kreative klasse</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Dessverre ser vi også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne "
+"kreative klassen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
"understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
-"context the current battles about behavior labeled \"piracy.\""
+"context the current battles about behavior labeled <quote>piracy.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Disse byrdene gir ingen mening i vår tradisjon. Vi bør begynne med å forstå "
"den tradisjonen litt mer, og ved å plassere dagens slag om oppførsel med "
-"merkelappen \"piratvirksomhet\" i sin rette sammenheng."
+"merkelappen <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> i sin rette sammenheng."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
msgstr "Kapittel en: Skaperne"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "animated cartoons"
+msgstr "tegnefilmer"
+
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1928, a cartoon character was born. An early Mickey Mouse made his debut "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
-"Iwerks, put it more strongly: \"I have never been so thrilled in my life. "
-"Nothing since has ever equaled it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"Iwerks, put it more strongly: <quote>I have never been so thrilled in my "
+"life. Nothing since has ever equaled it.</quote> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Disneys daværende partner, og en av animasjonsverdenens mest ekstraordinære "
-"talenter, Ub Iwerks, uttalte det sterkere: \"Jeg har aldri vært så "
-"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.\" "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"talenter, Ub Iwerks, uttalte det sterkere: <quote>Jeg har aldri vært så "
+"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.</"
+"
quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. According to Dave "
"Smith of the Disney Archives, Disney paid royalties to use the music for "
-"five songs in <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: \"Steamboat Bill,\" "
-"\"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry "
-"No. 1\" (Baron), and \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). A sixth song, \"The Turkey in "
-"the Straw,\" was already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to "
+"five songs in <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: <quote>Steamboat Bill,"
+"</quote> <quote>The Simpleton</quote> (Delille), <quote>Mischief Makers</"
+"quote> (Carbonara), <quote>Joyful Hurry No. 1</quote> (Baron), and "
+"<quote>Gawky Rube</quote> (Lakay). A sixth song, <quote>The Turkey in the "
+"Straw,</quote> was already in the public domain. Letter from David Smith to "
"Harry Surden, 10 July 2003, on file with author."
msgstr ""
"Jeg er takknemlig overfor David Gerstein og hans nøyaktige historie, "
"beskrevet på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. "
"I følge Dave Smith ved the Disney Archives, betalte Disney for å bruke "
"musikken til fem sanger i <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: "
-"\"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers"
-"\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. 1\" (Baron), og \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). "
-"En sjette sang, \"The Turkey in the Straw,\" var allerede allemannseie. "
-"Brev fra David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet "
-"til forfatteren."
+"<quote>Steamboat Bill,</quote> <quote>The Simpleton</quote> (Delille), "
+"<quote>Mischief Makers</quote> (Carbonara), <quote>Joyful Hurry No. 1</"
+"quote> (Baron), og <quote>Gawky Rube</quote> (Lakay). En sjette sang, "
+"<quote>The Turkey in the Straw,</quote> var allerede allemannseie. Brev fra "
+"David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet til "
+"forfatteren."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It is not just from the invention of synchronized sound in <citetitle>The "
"Jazz Singer</citetitle> that we get <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>. "
"It is also from Buster Keaton's invention of Steamboat Bill, Jr., itself "
-"inspired by the song \"Steamboat Bill,\" that we get Steamboat Willie, and "
-"then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
+"inspired by the song <quote>Steamboat Bill,</quote> that we get Steamboat "
+"Willie, and then from Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse."
msgstr ""
"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. kom før Disneys tegnefilm "
"Steamboat Willie. Det er ingen tilfeldighet at titlene er så like. "
"som kilde. Det er ikke kun fra nyskapningen med synkronisert lyd i "
"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> at vi får <citetitle>Steamboat "
"Willie</citetitle>. Det er også fra Buster Keatons nyskapning Steamboat "
-"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen \"Steamboat Bill\", at vi får "
+"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen <quote>Steamboat Bill</quote>, at vi får "
"Steamboat Willie. Og fra Steamboat Willie får vi så Mikke Mus."
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
-"Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
+"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse "
+"that Ate the Public Domain,</quote> Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Han var også tilhenger av allmannseiet. Se Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
-"Ate the Public Domain,
\" Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"Han var også tilhenger av allmannseiet. Se Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse that "
+"Ate the Public Domain,
</quote> Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"This \"borrowing\" was nothing unique, either for Disney or for the "
-"industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream films of "
-"his day.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> So did many others. Early "
-"cartoons are filled with knockoffs—slight variations on winning "
-"themes; retellings of ancient stories. The key to success was the brilliance "
-"of the differences. With Disney, it was sound that gave his animation its "
-"spark. Later, it was the quality of his work relative to the production-line "
-"cartoons with which he competed. Yet these additions were built upon a base "
-"that was borrowed. Disney added to the work of others before him, creating "
-"something new out of something just barely old."
+"This <quote>borrowing</quote> was nothing unique, either for Disney or for "
+"the industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream "
+"films of his day.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> So did many "
+"others. Early cartoons are filled with knockoffs—slight variations on "
+"winning themes; retellings of ancient stories. The key to success was the "
+"brilliance of the differences. With Disney, it was sound that gave his "
+"animation its spark. Later, it was the quality of his work relative to the "
+"production-line cartoons with which he competed. Yet these additions were "
+"built upon a base that was borrowed. Disney added to the work of others "
+"before him, creating something new out of something just barely old."
msgstr ""
-"Denne \"låningen\" var ikke unik, hverken for Disney eller for industrien. "
+"Denne <quote>låningen</quote> var ikke unik, hverken for Disney eller for industrien. "
"Disney apet alltid etter full-lengde massemarkedsfilmene rundt ham."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det samme gjorde mange andre. "
"Tidlige tegnefilmer er stappfulle av etterapninger—små variasjoner "
"This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
"celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
"this kind. We don't need to go that far to recognize its importance. We "
-"could call this \"Disney creativity,\" though that would be a bit "
-"misleading. It is, more precisely, \"Walt Disney creativity\"—a form "
-"of expression and genius that builds upon the culture around us and makes it "
-"something different."
+"could call this <quote>Disney creativity,</quote> though that would be a bit "
+"misleading. It is, more precisely, <quote>Walt Disney creativity</"
+"quote>—a form of expression and genius that builds upon the culture "
+"around us and makes it something different."
msgstr ""
"Dette er en type kreativitet. Det er en kreativitet som vi bør huske på og "
"feire. Det er noen som vil si at det finnes ingen kreativitet bortsett fra "
"denne typen. Vi trenger ikke gå så langt for å anerkjenne dens betydning. "
-"Vi kan kalle dette \"Disney-kreativitet\", selv om det vil være litt "
-"misvisende. Det er mer presist \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\"—en "
+"Vi kan kalle dette <quote>Disney-kreativitet</quote>, selv om det vil være litt "
+"misvisende. Det er mer presist <quote>Walt Disney-kreativitet</quote>—en "
"uttrykksform og genialitet som bygger på kulturen rundt oss og omformer den "
"til noe annet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
-"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the \"average\" term by "
-"determining the weighted average of total registrations for any particular "
-"year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if 100 copyrights are registered in "
-"year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the renewal term is 28 years, then the "
-"average term is 32.2 years. For the renewal data and other relevant data, "
-"see the Web site associated with this book, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
+"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the <quote>average</"
+"quote> term by determining the weighted average of total registrations for "
+"any particular year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if 100 copyrights "
+"are registered in year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the renewal term is "
+"28 years, then the average term is 32.2 years. For the renewal data and "
+"other relevant data, see the Web site associated with this book, available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Inntil 1976 ga opphavsrettsloven en forfatter to mulige verneperioder: en "
-"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet \"gjennomsnittlig"
-"\" vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale registreringer for "
+"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet <quote>gjennomsnittlig"
+"</quote> vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale registreringer for "
"et gitt år, og andelen fornyinger. Hvis 100 opphavsretter ble registrert i "
"år 1, bare 15 av dem ble fornyet, og fornyingsvernetiden er 28 år, så er "
"gjennomsnittlig vernetid 32,2 år. Fornyingsdata og andre relevante data "
"The average term of copyright was just around thirty years—for that "
"minority of creative work that was in fact copyrighted.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That means that for thirty years, on average, the "
-"authors or copyright holders of a creative work had an \"exclusive right\" "
-"to control certain uses of the work. To use this copyrighted work in limited "
-"ways required the permission of the copyright owner."
+"authors or copyright holders of a creative work had an <quote>exclusive "
+"right</quote> to control certain uses of the work. To use this copyrighted "
+"work in limited ways required the permission of the copyright owner."
msgstr ""
"I 1928 var kulturen som Disney fritt kunne trekke veksler på relativt "
"fersk. Allemannseie i 1928 var ikke veldig gammelt og var dermed ganske "
"år—for den lille delen av kreative verk som faktisk var "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det betyr at "
"i tredve år, i gjennomsnitt, hadde forfattere eller kreative verks "
-"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en \"eksklusiv rett\" til a kontrollere bestemte "
+"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en <quote>eksklusiv rett</quote> til a kontrollere bestemte "
"typer bruk av verket. For å bruke disse opphavsrettsbeskyttede verkene på "
"de begrensede måtene krevde tillatelse fra opphavsrettsinnehaveren."
msgid ""
"At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain. No "
"permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
-"hence, no lawyers. The public domain is a \"lawyer-free zone.\" Thus, most "
-"of the content from the nineteenth century was free for Disney to use and "
-"build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone— whether connected or not, "
-"whether rich or not, whether approved or not—to use and build upon."
+"hence, no lawyers. The public domain is a <quote>lawyer-free zone.</quote> "
+"Thus, most of the content from the nineteenth century was free for Disney to "
+"use and build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone— whether connected "
+"or not, whether rich or not, whether approved or not—to use and build "
+"upon."
msgstr ""
"Når opphavsrettens vernetid er over, faller et verk i det fri og blir "
"allemannseie. Ingen tillatelse trengs da for å bygge på eller bruke dette "
"verket. Ingen tillatelse og dermed, ingen advokater. Allemannseie er en "
-"\"advokat-fri sone\". Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
+"<quote>advokat-fri sone</quote>. Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
"dermed fritt tilgjengelig for Disney å bruke eller bygge på i 1928. Det var "
"tilgjengelig for enhver—uansett om de hadde forbindelser eller ikke, "
"om de var rik eller ikke, om de var akseptert eller ikke—til å bruke "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on \"Walt Disney creativity.\" Nor "
-"does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and except "
-"within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite universal."
+"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</"
+"quote> Nor does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and "
+"except within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite "
+"universal."
msgstr ""
-"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\". "
+"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på <quote>Walt Disney-kreativitet</quote>. "
"Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og "
"unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært universell."
"Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
"unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
"about manga, because few of us have ever read anything close to the stories "
-"that these \"graphic novels\" tell. For the Japanese, manga cover every "
-"aspect of social life. For us, comics are \"men in tights.\" And anyway, "
-"it's not as if the New York subways are filled with readers of Joyce or even "
-"Hemingway. People of different cultures distract themselves in different "
-"ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
+"that these <quote>graphic novels</quote> tell. For the Japanese, manga cover "
+"every aspect of social life. For us, comics are <quote>men in tights.</"
+"quote> And anyway, it's not as if the New York subways are filled with "
+"readers of Joyce or even Hemingway. People of different cultures distract "
+"themselves in different ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different "
+"way."
msgstr ""
"Amerikanere har en tendens til å se ned på denne formen for kultur. Det er "
"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sannsynligvis mye "
"rundt manga, på grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
-"historiene i disse \"grafiske historiene\" forteller. For en japaner dekker "
-"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier \"menn i "
-"strømpebukser\". Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
+"historiene i disse <quote>grafiske historiene</quote> forteller. For en japaner dekker "
+"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier <quote>menn i "
+"strømpebukser</quote>. Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
"av folk som leser Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
"kulturer skiller seg ut på forskjellig måter, og japanerne på dette "
"interessante viset."
"thus take a mainstream comic and develop it differently—with a "
"different story line. Or the comic can keep the character in character but "
"change its look slightly. There is no formula for what makes the doujinshi "
-"sufficiently \"different.\" But they must be different if they are to be "
-"considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are committees that review "
-"doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any copycat comic that is "
-"merely a copy."
+"sufficiently <quote>different.</quote> But they must be different if they "
+"are to be considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are committees that "
+"review doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject any copycat comic "
+"that is merely a copy."
msgstr ""
"Dette er fenomenet <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi er også "
"tegneserier, men de er slags etterapings-tegneserier. En rik etikk styrer "
"tegneserie kan dermed ta en massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en "
"annen retning—med en annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan "
"beholde figuren som seg selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen "
-"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". "
+"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig <quote>forskjellig</quote>. "
"Men de må være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, og "
"avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are huge. "
-"More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce these "
-"bits of Walt Disney creativity. More than 450,000 Japanese come together "
-"twice a year, in the largest public gathering in the country, to exchange "
-"and sell them. This market exists in parallel to the mainstream commercial "
-"manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that market, but "
-"there is no sustained effort by those who control the commercial manga "
-"market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
+"More than 33,000 <quote>circles</quote> of creators from across Japan "
+"produce these bits of Walt Disney creativity. More than 450,000 Japanese "
+"come together twice a year, in the largest public gathering in the country, "
+"to exchange and sell them. This market exists in parallel to the mainstream "
+"commercial manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that "
+"market, but there is no sustained effort by those who control the commercial "
+"manga market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, despite the "
"competition and despite the law."
msgstr ""
"Disse etterapings-tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. Det "
-"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 \"sirkler\" av skapere over hele Japan som "
+"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 <quote>sirkler</quote> av skapere over hele Japan som "
"produserer disse bitene av Walt Disney-kreativitet. Mer en 450 000 japanere "
"samles to ganger i året, i den største offentlige samlingen i langet, for å "
"bytte og selge dem. Dette markedet er parallelt med det kommersielle "
"law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
"copyright law, which in this respect (on paper) mirrors American copyright "
"law, the doujinshi market is an illegal one. Doujinshi are plainly "
-"\"derivative works.\" There is no general practice by doujinshi artists of "
-"securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the practice is "
-"simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt Disney did with "
-"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. Under both Japanese and American "
-"law, that \"taking\" without the permission of the original copyright owner "
-"is illegal. It is an infringement of the original copyright to make a copy "
-"or a derivative work without the original copyright owner's permission."
+"<quote>derivative works.</quote> There is no general practice by doujinshi "
+"artists of securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the "
+"practice is simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt "
+"Disney did with <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. Under both "
+"Japanese and American law, that <quote>taking</quote> without the permission "
+"of the original copyright owner is illegal. It is an infringement of the "
+"original copyright to make a copy or a derivative work without the original "
+"copyright owner's permission."
msgstr ""
"Den mest gåtefulle egenskapen med doujinshi-markedet, for de som har "
"juridisk trening i hvert fall, er at det overhodet tillates å eksistere. "
"Under japansk opphavsrettslov, som i hvert fall på dette området (på "
"papiret) speiler USAs opphavsrettslov, er doujinshi-markedet ulovlig. "
-"Doujinshi er helt klart \"avledede verk\". Det er ingen generell praksis "
+"Doujinshi er helt klart <quote>avledede verk</quote>. Det er ingen generell praksis "
"hos doujinshi-kunstnere for å sikre seg tillatelse hos manga-skaperne. I "
"stedet er praksisen ganske enkelt å ta og endre det andre har laget, slik "
"Walt Disney gjorde med <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. For både "
-"japansk og USAs lov, er å \"ta\" uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
+"japansk og USAs lov, er å <quote>ta</quote> uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
"opphavsrettsinnehaver ulovlig. Det er et brudd på opphavsretten til det "
"opprinnelige verket å lage en kopi eller et avledet verk uten tillatelse fra "
"den opprinnelige rettighetsinnehaveren."
msgid ""
"Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
"view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
-"flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, \"The early "
-"days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan now. "
-"… American comics were born out of copying each other. … "
+"flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, <quote>The "
+"early days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in Japan "
+"now. … American comics were born out of copying each other. … "
"That's how [the artists] learn to draw—by going into comic books and "
-"not tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and building from "
-"them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"not tracing them, but looking at them and copying them</quote> and building "
+"
from them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Likevel eksisterer dette illegale markedet og faktisk blomstrer i Japan, og "
"etter manges syn er det nettopp fordi det eksisterer at japansk manga "
-"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, \"I "
+"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, <quote>I "
"amerikansk tegneseriers første dager var det ganske likt det som foregår i "
"Japan i dag. … Amerikanske tegneserier kom til verden ved å kopiere "
"hverandre. … Det er slik [kunstnerne] lærer å tegne—ved å se i "
-"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem\" "
+"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem</quote> "
"og bygge basert på dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
"the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
-"Speaking of Superman, Winick told me, \"there are these rules and you have "
-"to stick to them.\" There are things Superman \"cannot\" do. \"As a creator, "
-"it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are fifty years "
-"old.\""
+"Speaking of Superman, Winick told me, <quote>there are these rules and you "
+"have to stick to them.</quote> There are things Superman <quote>cannot</"
+"quote> do. <quote>As a creator, it's frustrating having to stick to some "
+"parameters which are fifty years old.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Amerikanske tegneserier nå er ganske annerledes, forklarer Winick, delvis på "
"grunn av de juridiske problemene med å tilpasse tegneserier slik doujinshi "
-"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, \"er det en "
-"rekke regler, og du må følge dem\". Det er ting som Supermann \"ikke kan\" "
-"gjøre. \"For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
-"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.\""
+"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, <quote>er det en "
+"rekke regler, og du må følge dem</quote>. Det er ting som Supermann <quote>ikke kan</quote> "
+"gjøre. <quote>For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
+"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.</quote>"
#. f6
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
-"All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
-"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"[T]here might be a collective "
-"economic rationality that would lead manga and anime artists to forgo "
-"bringing legal actions for infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga "
-"artists may be better off collectively if they set aside their individual "
-"self-interest and decide not to press their legal rights. This is "
-"essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.\""
-msgstr ""
-"Se Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
-"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
-"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"det kan være en kollektiv "
+"See Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain "
+"Why All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Rutgers Law Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. <quote>[T]"
+"here might be a collective economic rationality that would lead manga and "
+"anime artists to forgo bringing legal actions for infringement. One "
+"hypothesis is that all manga artists may be better off collectively if they "
+"set aside their individual self-interest and decide not to press their legal "
+"rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.</quote>"
+msgstr ""
+"Se Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
+"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. <quote>det kan være en kollektiv "
"økonomisk rasjonalitet som får manga- og anime-kunstnere til ikke å saksøke "
"for opphavsrettsbrudd. Én hypotese er at alle manga-kunstnere kan være bedre "
"stilt hvis de setter sin individuelle egeninteresse til side og bestemmer "
"seg for ikke å forfølge sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er essensielt en "
-"løsning på fangens dilemma.\""
+"løsning på fangens dilemma.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"rather than banned, but that doesn't explain why individual copyright owners "
"don't sue nonetheless. If the law has no general exception for doujinshi, "
"and indeed in some cases individual manga artists have sued doujinshi "
-"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this \"free "
-"taking\" by the doujinshi culture?"
+"artists, why is there not a more general pattern of blocking this "
+"<quote>free taking</quote> by the doujinshi culture?"
msgstr ""
"Problemet med denne historien, derimot, og som Mehra helt klart erkjenner, "
-"er at mekanismen som produserer denne \"hold hendene borte\"-responsen ikke "
+"er at mekanismen som produserer denne <quote>hold hendene borte</quote>-responsen ikke "
"er forstått. Det kan godt være at markedet som helhet gjør det bedre hvis "
"doujinshi tillates i stedet for å bannlyse den, men det forklarer likevel "
"ikke hvorfor individuelle opphavsrettsinnehavere ikke saksøker. Hvis loven "
"ikke har et generelt unntak for doujinshi, og det finnes faktisk noen "
"tilfeller der individuelle manga-kunstnere har saksøkt doujinshi-kunstnere, "
-"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne \"frie "
-"takingen\" hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
+"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne <quote>frie "
+"takingen</quote> hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
"as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
-"a major Japanese law firm. \"We don't have enough lawyers,\" he told me one "
-"afternoon. There \"just aren't enough resources to prosecute cases like this."
-"\""
+"a major Japanese law firm. <quote>We don't have enough lawyers,</quote> he "
+"told me one afternoon. There <quote>just aren't enough resources to "
+"prosecute cases like this.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg var fire nydelige måneder i Japan, og jeg stilte dette spørsmål så ofte "
"som jeg kunne. Kanskje det beste svaret til slutt kom fra en venn i et "
-"større japansk advokatfirma. \"Vi har ikke nok advokater\", fortalte han meg "
-"en ettermiddag. Det er \"bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
-"som dette\"."
+"større japansk advokatfirma. <quote>Vi har ikke nok advokater</quote>, fortalte han meg "
+"en ettermiddag. Det er <quote>bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
+"som dette</quote>."
#. PAGE BREAK 41
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). See also "
"Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New York: "
"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term accurately describes a set of "
-"\"property\" rights—copyright, patents, trademark, and trade-"
-"secret—but the nature of those rights is very different. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>property</quote> rights—copyright, patents, trademark, and "
+"trade-secret—but the nature of those rights is very different. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Begrepet <citetitle>immateriell eiendom</citetitle> er av relativ ny "
"opprinnelse. Se See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). Se "
"også Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New York: "
"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. Begrepet presist beskriver et sett med "
-"\"eiendoms\"-rettigheter—opphavsretter, patenter, varemerker og "
+"<quote>eiendoms</quote>-rettigheter—opphavsretter, patenter, varemerker og "
"forretningshemmeligheter—men egenskapene til disse rettighetene er "
"svært forskjellige.<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"We live in a world that celebrates \"property.\" I am one of those "
-"celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
+"We live in a world that celebrates <quote>property.</quote> I am one of "
+"those celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
"believe in the value of that weird form of property that lawyers call "
-"\"intellectual property.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A large, "
-"diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, diverse, and "
-"modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
+"<quote>intellectual property.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> A large, diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, "
+"diverse, and modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgstr ""
-"Vi lever i en verden som feirer \"eiendom\". Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
+"Vi lever i en verden som feirer <quote>eiendom</quote>. Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
"Jeg tror på verdien av eiendom generelt, og jeg tror også på verdien av den "
-"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller \"immateriell eiendom\"."
+"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller <quote>immateriell eiendom</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Et stort og variert samfunn kan "
"ikke overleve uten eiendom, og et moderne samfunn kan ikke blomstre uten "
"immaterielle eierrettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
-"value out there that \"property\" doesn't capture. I don't mean \"money "
-"can't buy you love,\" but rather, value that is plainly part of a process of "
-"production, including commercial as well as noncommercial production. If "
-"Disney animators had stolen a set of pencils to draw Steamboat Willie, we'd "
-"have no hesitation in condemning that taking as wrong— even though "
-"trivial, even if unnoticed. Yet there was nothing wrong, at least under the "
-"law of the day, with Disney's taking from Buster Keaton or from the Brothers "
-"Grimm. There was nothing wrong with the taking from Keaton because Disney's "
-"use would have been considered \"fair.\" There was nothing wrong with the "
-"taking from the Grimms because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
+"value out there that <quote>property</quote> doesn't capture. I don't mean "
+"<quote>money can't buy you love,</quote> but rather, value that is plainly "
+"part of a process of production, including commercial as well as "
+"noncommercial production. If Disney animators had stolen a set of pencils "
+"to draw Steamboat Willie, we'd have no hesitation in condemning that taking "
+"as wrong— even though trivial, even if unnoticed. Yet there was "
+"nothing wrong, at least under the law of the day, with Disney's taking from "
+"Buster Keaton or from the Brothers Grimm. There was nothing wrong with the "
+"taking from Keaton because Disney's use would have been considered "
+"<quote>fair.</quote> There was nothing wrong with the taking from the Grimms "
+"because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
msgstr ""
"Men det tar bare noen sekunders refleksjon for å innse at det er masse av "
-"verdi der ute som \"eiendom\" ikke dekker. Jeg mener ikke \"kjærlighet kan "
-"ikke kjøpes med penger\" men heller, at en verdi som ganske enkelt er del av "
+"verdi der ute som <quote>eiendom</quote> ikke dekker. Jeg mener ikke <quote>kjærlighet kan "
+"ikke kjøpes med penger</quote> men heller, at en verdi som ganske enkelt er del av "
"produksjonsprosessen, både for kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell produksjon. "
"Hvis Disneys animatører hadde stjålet et sett med blyanter for å tegne "
"Steamboat Willie, vi ville ikke nølt med å dømme det som galt—selv om "
"det er trivielt og selv om det ikke blir oppdaget. Men det var intet galt, "
"i hvert fall slik loven var da, med at Disney tok fra Buster Keaton eller "
"fra Grimm-brødrene. Det var intet galt med å ta fra Keaton, fordi Disneys "
-"bruk ville blitt ansett som \"rimelig\". Det var intet galt med å ta fra "
+"bruk ville blitt ansett som <quote>rimelig</quote>. Det var intet galt med å ta fra "
"brødrene Grimm fordi deres verker var allemannseie."
#. PAGE BREAK 42
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
-"the copycat comic artists are \"stealing.\" This form of Walt Disney "
-"creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular find it "
-"hard to say why."
+"the copycat comic artists are <quote>stealing.</quote> This form of Walt "
+"Disney creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular "
+"find it hard to say why."
msgstr ""
"Likevel er det en åpenbar motvilje, selv blant japanske advokater, for å si "
-"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere \"stjeler\". Denne formen for Walt "
+"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere <quote>stjeler</quote>. Denne formen for Walt "
"Disney-kreativitet anses som rimelig og riktig, selv om spesielt advokater "
"synes det er vanskelig å forklare hvorfor."
msgid ""
"It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
"to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
-"or paying for the privilege. (\"Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but may I "
-"have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you were wrong "
-"about quantum physics?\") Acting companies perform adaptations of the works "
-"of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does "
+"or paying for the privilege. (<quote>Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but may "
+"I have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you were "
+"wrong about quantum physics?</quote>) Acting companies perform adaptations "
+"of the works of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. (Does "
"<emphasis>anyone</emphasis> believe Shakespeare would be better spread "
"within our culture if there were a central Shakespeare rights clearinghouse "
"that all productions of Shakespeare must appeal to first?) And Hollywood "
msgstr ""
"Det er det same med tusen eksempler som dukker opp over alt med en gang en "
"begynner å se etter dem. Forskerne bygger på arbeidet til andre forskere "
-"uten å spørre eller betale for privilegiet. (\"Unnskyld meg, professor "
+"uten å spørre eller betale for privilegiet. (<quote>Unnskyld meg, professor "
"Einstein, men kan jeg få tillatelse til å bruke din relativitetsteori til å "
-"vise at du tok feil om kvantefysikk?\") Teatertropper viser frem "
+"vise at du tok feil om kvantefysikk?</quote>) Teatertropper viser frem "
"bearbeidelser av verkene til Shakespeare uten å sikre seg noen tillatelser. "
"(Er det <emphasis>noen</emphasis> som tror at Shakespeare ville vært mer "
"spredt i vår kultur om det var et sentralt rettighetsklareringskontor for "
msgid ""
"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
"free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
-"\"<emphasis>How</emphasis> free is this culture?\" How much, and how "
-"broadly, is the culture free for others to take and build upon? Is that "
+"<quote><emphasis>How</emphasis> free is this culture?</quote> How much, and "
+"how broadly, is the culture free for others to take and build upon? Is that "
"freedom limited to party members? To members of the royal family? To the top "
"ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or is that freedom spread "
"broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated with the Met or not? To "
msgstr ""
"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur "
"er fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet "
-"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen er?\" Hvor mye "
+"er i stedet <quote><emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen er?</quote> Hvor mye "
"og hvor bredt, er kulturen fritt tilgjengelig for andre å ta, og bygge på? "
"Er den friheten begrenset til partimedlemmer? Til medlemmer av "
"kongefamilien? Til de ti største selskapene på New York-børsen? Eller er "
"kultur. Den er på tur til å bli mindre fri."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-msgid "CHAPTER TWO: \"Mere Copyists\""
-msgstr "Kapittel to: \"Kun etter-apere\""
+msgid "CHAPTER TWO: <quote>Mere Copyists</quote>"
+msgstr "Kapittel to: <quote>Kun etter-apere</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "photography"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
-"producing what we would call \"photographs.\" Appropriately enough, they "
-"were called \"daguerreotypes.\" The process was complicated and expensive, "
-"and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few zealous and "
-"wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre Association that "
-"helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, by keeping "
-"competition down so as to keep prices up.) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"producing what we would call <quote>photographs.</quote> Appropriately "
+"enough, they were called <quote>daguerreotypes.</quote> The process was "
+"complicated and expensive, and the field was thus limited to professionals "
+"and a few zealous and wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre "
+"Association that helped regulate the industry, as do all such associations, "
+"by keeping competition down so as to keep prices up.) <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"I 1839 fant Louis Daguerre opp den første praktiske teknologien for å "
-"produsere det vi ville kalle \"fotografier\". Rimelig nok ble de kalt "
-"\"daguerreotyper\". Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var "
+"produsere det vi ville kalle <quote>fotografier</quote>. Rimelig nok ble de kalt "
+"<quote>daguerreotyper</quote>. Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var "
"dermed begrenset til profesjonelle og noen få ivrige og velstående "
"amatører. (Det var til og med en amerikansk Daguerre-forening som hjalp til "
"med å regulere industrien, slik alle slike foreninger gjør, ved å holde "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
-"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make \"automatic "
-"pictures.\" William Talbot soon discovered a process for making \"negatives."
-"\" But because the negatives were glass, and had to be kept wet, the process "
-"still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the 1870s, dry plates were "
-"developed, making it easier to separate the taking of a picture from its "
-"developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it was still not a "
-"process within reach of most amateurs. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make <quote>automatic "
+"pictures.</quote> William Talbot soon discovered a process for making "
+"<quote>negatives.</quote> But because the negatives were glass, and had to "
+"be kept wet, the process still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the "
+"1870s, dry plates were developed, making it easier to separate the taking of "
+"a picture from its developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus it "
+"was still not a process within reach of most amateurs. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Men til tross for høye priser var etterspørselen etter daguerreotyper "
"sterk. Dette inspirerte oppfinnere til å finne enklere og billigere måter å "
-"lage \"automatiske bilder\". William Talbot oppdaget snart en prosess for å "
-"lage \"negativer\". Men da negativene var av glass, og måtte holdes "
+"lage <quote>automatiske bilder</quote>. William Talbot oppdaget snart en prosess for å "
+"lage <quote>negativer</quote>. Men da negativene var av glass, og måtte holdes "
"fuktige, forble prosessen kostbar og tung. På 1870-tallet ble tørrplater "
"utviklet, noe som gjorde det enklere å skille det å ta et bilde fra å "
"fremkalle det. Det var fortsatt plater av glass, og dermed var det fortsatt "
msgid ""
"Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
"it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
-"of its simplicity. \"You press the button and we do the rest.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in <citetitle>The Kodak Primer</"
-"citetitle>: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"of its simplicity. <quote>You press the button and we do the rest.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in "
+"<citetitle>The Kodak Primer</citetitle>: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Eastman utviklet bøyelig, emulsjons-belagt papirfilm og plasserte ruller med "
"dette i små, enkle kameraer: Kodaken. Enheten ble markedsfør med grunnlag "
-"dens enkelhet.
\"Du trykker på knappen og vi fikser resten.\"<placeholder "
+"dens enkelhet.
<quote>Du trykker på knappen og vi fikser resten.</quote><placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Som han beskrev det i <citetitle>The Kodak "
"Primer</citetitle>: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
"was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
"they would never otherwise see. Amateur photography gave them the ability to "
"record their own lives in a way they had never been able to do before. As "
-"author Brian Coe notes, \"For the first time the snapshot album provided the "
-"man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its activities. "
-"… For the first time in history there exists an authentic visual "
-"record of the appearance and activities of the common man made without "
-"[literary] interpretation or bias.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"author Brian Coe notes, <quote>For the first time the snapshot album "
+"provided the man on the street with a permanent record of his family and its "
+"activities. … For the first time in history there exists an authentic "
+"visual record of the appearance and activities of the common man made "
+"without [literary] interpretation or bias.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Den virkelige betydningen av oppfinnelsen til Eastman, var derimot ikke "
"økonomisk. Den var sosial. Profesjonell fotografering ga individer et "
"glimt av steder de ellers aldri ville se. Amatørfotografering ga dem "
"muligheten til å arkivere deres liv på en måte som de aldri hadde vært i "
-"stand til tidligere. Som forfatter Brian Coe skriver, \"For første gang "
+"stand til tidligere. Som forfatter Brian Coe skriver, <quote>For første gang "
"tilbød fotoalbumet mannen i gata et permanent arkiv over hans familie og "
"dens aktiviteter. … For første gang i historien fantes det en "
"autentisk visuell oppføring av utseende og aktivitet til vanlige mennesker "
-"laget uten [skrivefør] tolkning eller forutinntatthet.
\"<placeholder type="
+"laget uten [skrivefør] tolkning eller forutinntatthet.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"took years of training before they could be deployed by amateurs in any "
"useful or effective way. With the Kodak, expression was possible much sooner "
"and more simply. The barrier to expression was lowered. Snobs would sneer at "
-"its \"quality\"; professionals would discount it as irrelevant. But watch a "
-"child study how best to frame a picture and you get a sense of the "
-"experience of creativity that the Kodak enabled. Democratic tools gave "
+"its <quote>quality</quote>; professionals would discount it as irrelevant. "
+"But watch a child study how best to frame a picture and you get a sense of "
+"the experience of creativity that the Kodak enabled. Democratic tools gave "
"ordinary people a way to express themselves more easily than any tools could "
"have before."
msgstr ""
"malepenselen var selvfølgelig også en uttrykksteknologi. Men det tok årevis "
"med trening før de kunne bli brukt nyttig og effektiv av amatører. Med "
"Kodaken var uttrykk mulig mye raskere og enklere. Barrièren for å uttrykke "
-"seg var senket. Snobber ville fnyse over \"kvaliteten\", profesjonelle "
+"seg var senket. Snobber ville fnyse over <quote>kvaliteten</quote>, profesjonelle "
"ville avvise den som irrelevant. Men se et barn studere hvordan best velge "
"bildemotiv og du får følelsen av hva slags kreativitetserfaring som Kodaken "
"muliggjorde. Demokratiske verktøy ga vanlige folk en måte å uttrykke dem "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
-"familiar. The photographer was \"taking\" something from the person or "
-"building whose photograph he shot—pirating something of value. Some "
-"even thought he was taking the target's soul. Just as Disney was not free to "
-"take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, too, should "
-"these photographers not be free to take images that they thought valuable."
+"familiar. The photographer was <quote>taking</quote> something from the "
+"person or building whose photograph he shot—pirating something of "
+"value. Some even thought he was taking the target's soul. Just as Disney was "
+"not free to take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, "
+"too, should these photographers not be free to take images that they thought "
+"valuable."
msgstr ""
"Argumentene til fordel for å kreve tillatelser vil høres overraskende kjent "
-"ut. Fotografen \"tok\" noe fra personen eller bygningen som ble "
+"ut. Fotografen <quote>tok</quote> noe fra personen eller bygningen som ble "
"fotografert—røvet til seg noe av verdi. Noen trodde til og med at han "
"tok målets sjel. På samme måte som Disney ikke var fri til å ta blyantene "
"som hans animatører brukte til å tegne Mikke, så skulle heller ikke disse "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Samuel D. Warren og Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"Samuel D. Warren og Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. f8
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
-"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "
-"\"Privacy,\" <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
-"398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Samsung "
-"Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), "
-"cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
+"See Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William "
+"L. Prosser, <quote>Privacy,</quote> <citetitle>California Law Review</"
+"citetitle> 48 (1960) 398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> v. "
+"<citetitle>Samsung Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 "
+"(9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
msgstr ""
-"Se Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Se Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity</quote>, <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "
-"\"Privacy,\" <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
+"<quote>Privacy</quote>, <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
"398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Samsung "
"Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), "
"sert. nektet, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
"then the photographer would have had to demonstrate permission. Perhaps "
"Eastman Kodak would have had to demonstrate permission, too, before it "
"developed the film upon which images were captured. After all, if permission "
-"were not granted, then Eastman Kodak would be benefiting from the \"theft\" "
-"committed by the photographer. Just as Napster benefited from the copyright "
-"infringements committed by Napster users, Kodak would be benefiting from the "
-"\"image-right\" infringement of its photographers. We could imagine the law "
-"then requiring that some form of permission be demonstrated before a company "
-"developed pictures. We could imagine a system developing to demonstrate that "
-"permission."
+"were not granted, then Eastman Kodak would be benefiting from the "
+"<quote>theft</quote> committed by the photographer. Just as Napster "
+"benefited from the copyright infringements committed by Napster users, Kodak "
+"would be benefiting from the <quote>image-right</quote> infringement of its "
+"photographers. We could imagine the law then requiring that some form of "
+"permission be demonstrated before a company developed pictures. We could "
+"imagine a system developing to demonstrate that permission."
msgstr ""
"Vi kan kun spekulere om hvordan fotografering ville ha utviklet seg om loven "
"hadde slått ut den andre veien. Hvis den hadde vært mot fotografen, da "
"ville fotografen måttet dokumentere at tillatelse var på plass. Kanskje "
"Eastman Kodak også måtte ha dokumentert at tillatelse var gitt, før de "
"utviklet filmen som bildene ble fanget på. Tross alt, hvis tillatelse ikke "
-"var gitt, da ville Eastman Kodak ha nytt fordeler fra \"tyveriet\" begått av "
+"var gitt, da ville Eastman Kodak ha nytt fordeler fra <quote>tyveriet</quote> begått av "
"fotografer. På samme måte som Napster nøt fordeler fra opphavsrettsbrudd "
-"utført av Napster-brukere, så ville Kodak nytt fordeler fra \"bilde-"
-"rettighets\"-brudd til deres fotografer. Vi kan forestille oss at loven da "
+"utført av Napster-brukere, så ville Kodak nytt fordeler fra <quote>bilde-"
+"rettighets</quote>-brudd til deres fotografer. Vi kan forestille oss at loven da "
"krevede at en form for tillatelse ble vist frem før et selskap fremkalte "
"bildene. Vi kan forestille oss et system bli utviklet for å legge frem "
"slike tillatelser."
"certainly, nothing like that growth in a democratic technology of expression "
"would have been realized. If you drive through San Francisco's Presidio, "
"you might see two gaudy yellow school buses painted over with colorful and "
-"striking images, and the logo \"Just Think!\" in place of the name of a "
-"school. But there's little that's \"just\" cerebral in the projects that "
-"these busses enable. These buses are filled with technologies that teach "
-"kids to tinker with film. Not the film of Eastman. Not even the film of your "
-"VCR. Rather the \"film\" of digital cameras. Just Think! is a project that "
-"enables kids to make films, as a way to understand and critique the filmed "
-"culture that they find all around them. Each year, these busses travel to "
-"more than thirty schools and enable three hundred to five hundred children "
-"to learn something about media by doing something with media. By doing, "
-"they think. By tinkering, they learn."
+"striking images, and the logo <quote>Just Think!</quote> in place of the "
+"name of a school. But there's little that's <quote>just</quote> cerebral in "
+"the projects that these busses enable. These buses are filled with "
+"technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the film of Eastman. "
+"Not even the film of your VCR. Rather the <quote>film</quote> of digital "
+"cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make films, as a way "
+"to understand and critique the filmed culture that they find all around "
+"them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty schools and enable "
+"three hundred to five hundred children to learn something about media by "
+"doing something with media. By doing, they think. By tinkering, they learn."
msgstr ""
"Men selv om vi kan tenke oss dette godkjenningssystemet, så vil det være "
"svært vanskelig å se hvordan fotografering skulle ha blomstret slik det "
"ville uten tvil aldri vært realisert en slik vekst i demokratisk "
"uttrykksteknologi. Hvis du kjører gjennom området Presidio i San Francisco, "
"kan det hende du ser to gusjegule skolebusser overmalt med fargefulle og "
-"iøynefallende bilder, og logoen \"Just Think!\" i stedet for navnet på en "
-"skole. Men det er lite som er \"bare\" mentalt i prosjektene som disse "
+"iøynefallende bilder, og logoen <quote>Just Think!</quote> i stedet for navnet på en "
+"skole. Men det er lite som er <quote>bare</quote> mentalt i prosjektene som disse "
"bussene muliggjør. Disse bussene er fylt med teknologi som lærer unger å "
"fikle med film. Ikke filmen til Eastman. Ikke en gang filmen i din "
-"videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om \"filmen\" til digitale kamera. "
+"videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om <quote>filmen</quote> til digitale kamera. "
"Just Think! er et prosjekt som gjør det mulig for unger å lage filmer, som "
"en måte å forstå og kritisere den filmede kulturen som de finner over alt "
"rundt seg. Hvert år besøker disse bussene mer enn tredve skoler og gir "
#. f9
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
-"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, February "
-"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
-"ulink>."
+"H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and "
+"Software You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> "
+"cadalyst, February 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #7</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
-"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, februar "
+"H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
+"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> cadalyst, februar "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
"ulink>."
msgid ""
"These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly so. "
"The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen dramatically. As "
-"one analyst puts it, \"Five years ago, a good real-time digital video "
+"one analyst puts it, <quote>Five years ago, a good real-time digital video "
"editing system cost $25,000. Today you can get professional quality for $595."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These buses are filled with "
-"technology that would have cost hundreds of thousands just ten years ago. "
-"And it is now feasible to imagine not just buses like this, but classrooms "
-"across the country where kids are learning more and more of something "
-"teachers call \"media literacy.\""
+"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These buses are filled "
+"with technology that would have cost hundreds of thousands just ten years "
+"ago. And it is now feasible to imagine not just buses like this, but "
+"classrooms across the country where kids are learning more and more of "
+"something teachers call <quote>media literacy.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Disse bussene er ikke billige, men teknologien de har med seg blir billigere "
"og billigere. Kostnaden til et høykvalitets digitalt videosystem har falt "
-"dramatisk. Som en analytiker omtalte det, \"for fem år siden kostet et godt "
+"dramatisk. Som en analytiker omtalte det, <quote>for fem år siden kostet et godt "
"sanntids redigerinssystem for digital video $25 000. I dag kan du få "
-"profesjonell kvalitet for $595.
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"profesjonell kvalitet for $595.
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"Disse bussene er fylt med teknologi som ville kostet hundre-tusenvis av "
"dollar for bare ti år siden. Og det er nå mulig å forestille seg ikke bare "
"slike busser, men klasserom rundt om i landet hvor unger kan lære mer og mer "
-"av det lærerne kaller \"medie-skriveføre\" eller \"mediekompetanse\"."
+"av det lærerne kaller <quote>medie-skriveføre</quote> eller <quote>mediekompetanse</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just Think!, "
-"puts it, \"is the ability … to understand, analyze, and deconstruct "
-"media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the way media works, "
-"the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the way people access "
-"
it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>Media literacy,</quote> as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of "
+"Just Think!, puts it, <quote>is the ability … to understand, analyze, "
+"and deconstruct media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the "
+"way media works, the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the "
+"
way people access it.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Media-skriveføre,\" eller \"mediekompetanse\" som administrerende direktør "
-"Dave Yanofsky i Just Think!, sier det, \"er evnen til … å forstå, "
+"<quote>Media-skriveføre,</quote> eller <quote>mediekompetanse</quote> som administrerende direktør "
+"Dave Yanofsky i Just Think!, sier det, <quote>er evnen til … å forstå, "
"analysere og dekonstruere mediebilder. Dets mål er å gjøre [unger] i stand "
"til å forstå hvordan mediene fungerer, hvordan de er konstruert, hvordan de "
-"blir levert, og hvordan folk bruker dem
\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"blir levert, og hvordan folk bruker dem
</quote>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"This may seem like an odd way to think about \"literacy.\" For most people, "
-"literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway and noticing "
-"split infinitives are the things that \"literate\" people know about."
+"This may seem like an odd way to think about <quote>literacy.</quote> For "
+"most people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway "
+"and noticing split infinitives are the things that <quote>literate</quote> "
+"people know about."
msgstr ""
-"Dette kan virke som en litt rar måte å tenke på \"skrivefør\". For de fleste "
-"handler skrivefør å kunne lese og skrive. \"Skriveføre folk kjenner ting "
+"Dette kan virke som en litt rar måte å tenke på <quote>skrivefør</quote>. For de fleste "
+"handler skrivefør å kunne lese og skrive. <quote>Skriveføre</quote> folk kjenner ting "
"som Faulkner, Hemingway og å kjenne igjen delte infinitiver."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "advertising"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f10
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
-"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family "
-"and TV Study,\" <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25 May 1997, B6."
+"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on "
+"Family and TV Study,</quote> <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25 May "
+"1997, B6."
msgstr ""
"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
-"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family "
-"and TV Study,\" <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25. mai 1997, B6."
+"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on Family "
+"and TV Study</quote>, <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25. mai 1997, B6."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
"commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials generally,"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it is increasingly important to "
-"understand the \"grammar\" of media. For just as there is a grammar for the "
-"written word, so, too, is there one for media. And just as kids learn how to "
-"write by writing lots of terrible prose, kids learn how to write media by "
-"constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible media."
+"understand the <quote>grammar</quote> of media. For just as there is a "
+"grammar for the written word, so, too, is there one for media. And just as "
+"kids learn how to write by writing lots of terrible prose, kids learn how to "
+"write media by constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible media."
msgstr ""
"Mulig det. Men i en verden hvor barn ser i gjennomsnitt 390 timer med TV-"
"reklaager i året, eller generelt mellom 20 000 og 45 000 reklameinnslag,"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> så er det mer og mer viktig å "
-"forstå \"gramatikken\" til media. For på samme måte som det er en gramatikk "
+"forstå <quote>gramatikken</quote> til media. For på samme måte som det er en gramatikk "
"for det skrevne ord, så er det også en for media. Og akkurat slik som unger "
"lærer å skrive ved å skrive masse grusom prosa, så lærer unger å skrive "
"media ved å konstruere masse (i hvert fall i begynnelsen) grusom media."
#. f12
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 November "
-"2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
-"ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
+"See Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,</quote> E!online, "
+"4 November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #8</ulink>; <quote>Timeline,</quote> 22 November 2000, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4. november "
+"Se Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs</quote>, E!online, 4. november "
"2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
-"ulink>;
\"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"ulink>;
<quote>Timeline</quote>, 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
"Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
"California's Annenberg Center for Communication and dean of the USC School "
-"of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about \"the placement "
-"of objects, color, … rhythm, pacing, and texture.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers open up an interactive space where "
-"a story is \"played\" as well as experienced, that grammar changes. The "
-"simple control of narrative is lost, and so other techniques are necessary. "
-"Author Michael Crichton had mastered the narrative of science fiction. But "
-"when he tried to design a computer game based on one of his works, it was a "
-"new craft he had to learn. How to lead people through a game without their "
-"feeling they have been led was not obvious, even to a wildly successful "
-"author.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about <quote>the "
+"placement of objects, color, … rhythm, pacing, and texture.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers open up an "
+"interactive space where a story is <quote>played</quote> as well as "
+"experienced, that grammar changes. The simple control of narrative is lost, "
+"and so other techniques are necessary. Author Michael Crichton had mastered "
+"the narrative of science fiction. But when he tried to design a computer "
+"game based on one of his works, it was a new craft he had to learn. How to "
+"lead people through a game without their feeling they have been led was not "
+"obvious, even to a wildly successful author.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Denne gramatikken har endret seg etter hvert som media har endret seg. Da "
"det kun var film, som Elizabeth Daley, administrerende direktør ved "
"Universitetet i Sør-Califorias Anneberg-senter for kommunkasjon og rektor "
"ved USC skole for Kino-Televisjon, forklarte for meg, var gramatikken om "
-"\"plasseringen av objekter, farger, … rytme, skritt og tekstur\"."
+"<quote>plasseringen av objekter, farger, … rytme, skritt og tekstur</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Men etter hvert som datamaskiner "
-"åpner opp et interaktivt rom hvor en historie blir \"spillt\" i tillegg til "
+"åpner opp et interaktivt rom hvor en historie blir <quote>spillt</quote> i tillegg til "
"opplevd, endrer gramatikken seg. Den enkle kontrollen til forstellerstemmen "
"er forsvunnet, og dermed er andre teknikker nødvendig. Forfatter Michael "
"Crichton hadde mestret fortellerstemmen til science fiction. Men da han "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
-"\"people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t is "
-"perfectly constructed to keep you from seeing it, so you have no idea. If a "
-"filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.\" If you know you were "
-"led through a film, the film has failed."
+"<quote>people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
+"is perfectly constructed to keep you from seeing it, so you have no idea. If "
+"a filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.</quote> If you know "
+"you were led through a film, the film has failed."
msgstr ""
"Akkurat denne ferdigheten er håndverket en lærer til de som lager filmer. "
-"Som Daley skriver, \"folk er svært overrasket over hvordan de blir ledet "
+"Som Daley skriver, <quote>folk er svært overrasket over hvordan de blir ledet "
"gjennom en film. Den er perfekt konstruert for å hindre deg fra å se det, "
"så du aner det ikke. Hvis en som lager filmer lykkes så vet du ikke at du "
-"har vært ledet.\" Hvis du vet at du ble ledet igjennom en film, så har "
+"har vært ledet.</quote> Hvis du vet at du ble ledet igjennom en film, så har "
"filmen feilet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. Couch "
-"potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth century."
+"<quote>Read-only.</quote> Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. "
+"Couch potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
+"century."
msgstr ""
-"\"ikke kunne skrive.\" Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
+"<quote>ikke kunne skrive.</quote> Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
"Sofapoteter. Forbrukere. Dette er medieverden fra det tjuende århundre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
"could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
"the craft of writing. Or best, reading and understanding the tools that "
"enable the writing to lead or mislead. The aim of any literacy, and this "
-"literacy in particular, is to \"empower people to choose the appropriate "
-"language for what they need to create or express.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It is to enable students \"to communicate in the "
-"language of the twenty-first century.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"1\"/>"
+"literacy in particular, is to <quote>empower people to choose the "
+"appropriate language for what they need to create or express.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It is to enable students "
+"<quote>to communicate in the language of the twenty-first century.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Det tjueførste århundret kan bli annerledes. Dette er et kritisk punkt: Det "
"kan bli både lesing og skriving. Eller i det minste lesing og bedre "
"forståelse for håndverket å skrive. Eller det beste, lesing og forstå "
"verktøyene som gir skriving mulighet til å veilede eller villede. Målet med "
-"enhver skriveførhet, og denne skriveførheten spesielt, er å \"gi folket "
+"enhver skriveførhet, og denne skriveførheten spesielt, er å <quote>gi folket "
"myndighet til å velge det språket som passer for det de trenger å lage eller "
-"uttrykke
\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det gir studenter "
-"mulighet \"til å kommunisere i språket til det tjueførste århundret\"."
+"uttrykke
</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det gir studenter "
+"mulighet <quote>til å kommunisere i språket til det tjueførste århundret</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
"problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "
-"kids to come, the challenge in this class was keeping them away. The \"kids "
-"were showing up at 6 A.M. and leaving at 5 at night,\" said Barish. They "
-"were working harder than in any other class to do what education should be "
-"about—learning how to express themselves."
+"kids to come, the challenge in this class was keeping them away. The "
+"<quote>kids were showing up at 6 A.M. and leaving at 5 at night,</quote> "
+"said Barish. They were working harder than in any other class to do what "
+"education should be about—learning how to express themselves."
msgstr ""
"Klassen møttes fredag ettermiddag, og skapte et relativt nytt problem for "
"skolen. Mens utfordringen i de fleste klasser var å få ungene til å dukke "
-"opp, var utfordringen for denne klassen å holde dem unna. \"Ungene dukket "
-"opp 06:00, og dro igjen 05:00 på natta\", sa Barish. De jobbet hardere enn i "
+"opp, var utfordringen for denne klassen å holde dem unna. <quote>Ungene dukket "
+"opp 06:00, og dro igjen 05:00 på natta</quote>, sa Barish. De jobbet hardere enn i "
"noen annen klasse for å gjøre det utdanning burde handle om—å lære "
"hvordan de skulle uttrykke seg."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Using whatever \"free web stuff they could find,\" and relatively simple "
-"tools to enable the kids to mix \"image, sound, and text,\" Barish said this "
-"class produced a series of projects that showed something about gun violence "
-"that few would otherwise understand. This was an issue close to the lives of "
-"these students. The project \"gave them a tool and empowered them to be able "
-"to both understand it and talk about it,\" Barish explained. That tool "
-"succeeded in creating expression—far more successfully and powerfully "
-"than could have been created using only text. \"If you had said to these "
-"students, `you have to do it in text,' they would've just thrown their hands "
-"up and gone and done something else,\" Barish described, in part, no doubt, "
-"because expressing themselves in text is not something these students can do "
-"well. Yet neither is text a form in which <emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas "
-"can be expressed well. The power of this message depended upon its "
-"connection to this form of expression."
-msgstr ""
-"Ved å bruke hva som helst av \"fritt tilgjengelig web-stoff de kunne finne"
-"\", og relativt enkle verktøy som gjorde det mulig for ungene å blande "
-"\"bilde, lyd og tekst\", sa Barish at denne klassen produserte en serie av "
+"Using whatever <quote>free web stuff they could find,</quote> and relatively "
+"simple tools to enable the kids to mix <quote>image, sound, and text,</"
+"quote> Barish said this class produced a series of projects that showed "
+"something about gun violence that few would otherwise understand. This was "
+"an issue close to the lives of these students. The project <quote>gave them "
+"a tool and empowered them to be able to both understand it and talk about it,"
+"</quote> Barish explained. That tool succeeded in creating expression—"
+"far more successfully and powerfully than could have been created using only "
+"text. <quote>If you had said to these students, `you have to do it in text,' "
+"they would've just thrown their hands up and gone and done something else,</"
+"quote> Barish described, in part, no doubt, because expressing themselves in "
+"text is not something these students can do well. Yet neither is text a form "
+"in which <emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas can be expressed well. The power "
+"of this message depended upon its connection to this form of expression."
+msgstr ""
+"Ved å bruke hva som helst av <quote>fritt tilgjengelig web-stoff de kunne finne"
+"</quote>, og relativt enkle verktøy som gjorde det mulig for ungene å blande "
+"<quote>bilde, lyd og tekst</quote>, sa Barish at denne klassen produserte en serie av "
"prosjekter som viste noe om våpen-basert vold som få ellers ville forstå. "
-"Dette var et tema veldig nært livene til disse studentene. Prosjektet \"ga "
+"Dette var et tema veldig nært livene til disse studentene. Prosjektet <quote>ga "
"dem et verktøy og bemyndiget dem slik at de både ble i stand til å forstå "
-"det og snakke om det\", forklarer Barish. Dette verktøyet lyktes med å "
+"det og snakke om det</quote>, forklarer Barish. Dette verktøyet lyktes med å "
"skape uttrykk—mye mer vellykket og kraffylt enn noe som hadde blitt "
-"laget ved å kun bruke tekst. \"Hvis du hadde sagt til disse studentene at "
+"laget ved å kun bruke tekst. <quote>Hvis du hadde sagt til disse studentene at "
"'du må gjøre dette i tekstform', så hadde de bare kastet hendene i været og "
-"gått og gjort noe annet\", forklarer Barish. Delvis, uten tvil, fordi å "
+"gått og gjort noe annet</quote>, forklarer Barish. Delvis, uten tvil, fordi å "
"uttrykke seg selv i tekstform ikke er noe disse studentene gjør godt. Heller "
"ikke er tekstform en form som kan uttrykke <emphasis>disse</emphasis> idéene "
"godt. Kraften i denne meldingen avhenger av dens forbindelse med denne for "
#. PAGE BREAK 52
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"But isn't education about teaching kids to write?\" I asked. In part, of "
-"course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, Daley "
-"explained, is about giving students a way of \"constructing meaning.\" To "
-"say that that means just writing is like saying teaching writing is only "
-"about teaching kids how to spell. Text is one part—and increasingly, "
-"not the most powerful part—of constructing meaning. As Daley explained "
-"in the most moving part of our interview,"
+"<quote>But isn't education about teaching kids to write?</quote> I asked. In "
+"part, of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, "
+"Daley explained, is about giving students a way of <quote>constructing "
+"meaning.</quote> To say that that means just writing is like saying teaching "
+"writing is only about teaching kids how to spell. Text is one part—and "
+"increasingly, not the most powerful part—of constructing meaning. As "
+"Daley explained in the most moving part of our interview,"
msgstr ""
-"\"Men handler ikke utdanning om å lære unger å skrive?\" spurte jeg. Jo "
+"<quote>Men handler ikke utdanning om å lære unger å skrive?</quote> spurte jeg. Jo "
"delvis, naturligvis. Men hvorfor lærer vi unger å skrive? Utdanning, "
-"forklarer Daley, handler om å gi studentene en måte å \"konstruere mening"
-"\". Å si at det kun betyr skriving er som å si at å lære bort skriving kun "
+"forklarer Daley, handler om å gi studentene en måte å <quote>konstruere mening"
+"</quote>. Å si at det kun betyr skriving er som å si at å lære bort skriving kun "
"handler om å lære ungene å stave. Tekstforming er bare en del—og i "
"større grad ikke den kraftigste delen—for å konstruere mening. Som "
"Daley forklarte i den mest rørende delen av vårt intervju,"
"know, you've got Johnny who can look at a video, he can play a video game, "
"he can do graffiti all over your walls, he can take your car apart, and he "
"can do all sorts of other things. He just can't read your text. So Johnny "
-"comes to school and you say, \"Johnny, you're illiterate. Nothing you can do "
-"matters.\" Well, Johnny then has two choices: He can dismiss you or he [can] "
-"dismiss himself. If his ego is healthy at all, he's going to dismiss you. "
-"[But i]nstead, if you say, \"Well, with all these things that you can do, "
-"let's talk about this issue. Play for me music that you think reflects that, "
-"or show me images that you think reflect that, or draw for me something that "
-"reflects that.\" Not by giving a kid a video camera and … saying, "
-"\"Let's go have fun with the video camera and make a little movie.\" But "
-"instead, really help you take these elements that you understand, that are "
-"your language, and construct meaning about the topic.…"
+"comes to school and you say, <quote>Johnny, you're illiterate. Nothing you "
+"can do matters.</quote> Well, Johnny then has two choices: He can dismiss "
+"you or he [can] dismiss himself. If his ego is healthy at all, he's going to "
+"dismiss you. [But i]nstead, if you say, <quote>Well, with all these things "
+"that you can do, let's talk about this issue. Play for me music that you "
+"think reflects that, or show me images that you think reflect that, or draw "
+"for me something that reflects that.</quote> Not by giving a kid a video "
+"camera and … saying, <quote>Let's go have fun with the video camera "
+"and make a little movie.</quote> But instead, really help you take these "
+"elements that you understand, that are your language, and construct meaning "
+"about the topic.…"
msgstr ""
"Det du ønsker er å gi disse studentene en måte å konstruere mening. Hvis alt "
"du gir dem er tekst, så kommer de ikke til å gjøre det. Fordi de kan ikke. "
"Du vet, du har Johnny som kan se på en video, han kan spille på et TV-spill, "
"han kan spre grafitti over alle dine vegger, han kan ta fra hverandre bilen "
"din, og han kan gjøre alle mulige andre ting. Men han kan ikke lese teksten "
-"din. Så Jonny kommer på skolen og du sier \"Johnny, du er analfabet. "
-"Ingenting du gjør betyr noe\". Vel, da har Johnny to valg: Han kan avvise "
+"din. Så Jonny kommer på skolen og du sier <quote>Johnny, du er analfabet. "
+"Ingenting du gjør betyr noe</quote>. Vel, da har Johnny to valg: Han kan avvise "
"deg eller han kan avvise seg selv. Hvis han har et sunt ego så vil han "
-"avvise deg. Men hvis du i stedet sier, \"Well, med alle disse tingene som "
+"avvise deg. Men hvis du i stedet sier, <quote>Vel, med alle disse tingene som "
"du kan gjøre, la oss snakke om dette temaet. Spill musikk til meg som du "
"mener reflekterer over temaet, eller vis meg bilder som du mener reflekterer "
-"over temaet, eller tegn noe til meg som reflektere temaet\". Ikke ved å gi "
-"en unge et videokamera og … si \"La oss dra å ha det morsomt med "
-"videokameraet og lage en liten film\". Men istedet, virkelig hjelpe deg å ta "
+"over temaet, eller tegn noe til meg som reflektere temaet</quote>. Ikke ved å gi "
+"en unge et videokamera og … si <quote>La oss dra å ha det morsomt med "
+"videokameraet og lage en liten film</quote>. Men istedet, virkelig hjelpe deg å ta "
"disse elementene som du forstår, som er ditt språk, og konstruer mening om "
"temaet.…"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
-"as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, \"I "
-"need to explain this and I really need to write something.\" And as one of "
-"the teachers told Stephanie, they would rewrite a paragraph 5, 6, 7, 8 "
-"times, till they got it right."
+"as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, "
+"<quote>I need to explain this and I really need to write something.</quote> "
+"And as one of the teachers told Stephanie, they would rewrite a paragraph 5, "
+"6, 7, 8 times, till they got it right."
msgstr ""
"Dette bemyndiger enormt. Og det som skjer til slutt, selvfølgelig, som det "
"har skjedd i alle disse klassene, er at de stopper opp når de treffer "
-"faktumet \"jeg trenger å forklare dette, og da trenger jeg virkelig å skrive "
-"noe\". Og som en av lærerne fortalte Stephanie, de vil skrive om avsnittet "
+"faktumet <quote>jeg trenger å forklare dette, og da trenger jeg virkelig å skrive "
+"noe</quote>. Og som en av lærerne fortalte Stephanie, de vil skrive om avsnittet "
"5, 6, 7, 8 ganger, helt til det blir riktig."
#. PAGE BREAK 53
"Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
"something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
"needed to use a language that they didn't speak very well. But they had come "
-"to understand that they had a lot of power with this language.\""
+"to understand that they had a lot of power with this language."
msgstr ""
"Fordi de trengte det. Det var en grunn til å gjøre det. De trengte å si "
"noe, i motsetning til å kun danse etter din pipe. De trengte faktisk å "
"bruke det språket de ikke håndterte veldig bra. Men de hadde begynt å "
-"forstå at de hadde mye gjennomslagskraft med dette språket.\""
+"forstå at de hadde mye gjennomslagskraft med dette språket."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgid ""
"These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
"for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the screen. "
-"There was a formula to interviews. There was \"balance,\" and seriousness. "
-"This was news choreographed in the way we have increasingly come to expect "
-"it, \"news as entertainment,\" even if the entertainment is tragedy."
+"There was a formula to interviews. There was <quote>balance,</quote> and "
+"seriousness. This was news choreographed in the way we have increasingly "
+"come to expect it, <quote>news as entertainment,</quote> even if the "
+"entertainment is tragedy."
msgstr ""
"Disse gjenfortellingene ga en økende familiær følelse. Det var musikk "
"spesiallaget for mellom-innslagene, og avansert grafikk som blinket tvers "
-"over skjermen. Det var en formel for intervjuer. Det var \"balanse\" og "
+"over skjermen. Det var en formel for intervjuer. Det var <quote>balanse</quote> og "
"seriøsitet. Dette var nyheter koreaografert slik vi i stadig større grad "
-"forventer det, \"nyheter som underholdning\", selv om underholdningen er en "
+"forventer det, <quote>nyheter som underholdning</quote>, selv om underholdningen er en "
"tragedie."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"But in addition to this produced news about the \"tragedy of September 11,\" "
-"those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different production as "
-"well. The Internet was filled with accounts of the same events. Yet these "
-"Internet accounts had a very different flavor. Some people constructed photo "
-"pages that captured images from around the world and presented them as slide "
-"shows with text. Some offered open letters. There were sound recordings. "
-"There was anger and frustration. There were attempts to provide context. "
-"There was, in short, an extraordinary worldwide barn raising, in the sense "
-"Mike Godwin uses the term in his book <citetitle>Cyber Rights</citetitle>, "
-"around a news event that had captured the attention of the world. There was "
-"ABC and CBS, but there was also the Internet."
+"But in addition to this produced news about the <quote>tragedy of September "
+"11,</quote> those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
+"production as well. The Internet was filled with accounts of the same "
+"events. Yet these Internet accounts had a very different flavor. Some people "
+"constructed photo pages that captured images from around the world and "
+"presented them as slide shows with text. Some offered open letters. There "
+"were sound recordings. There was anger and frustration. There were attempts "
+"to provide context. There was, in short, an extraordinary worldwide barn "
+"raising, in the sense Mike Godwin uses the term in his book <citetitle>Cyber "
+"Rights</citetitle>, around a news event that had captured the attention of "
+"the world. There was ABC and CBS, but there was also the Internet."
msgstr ""
-"Men i tillegg til disse produserte nyhetene om \"tragedien 11. september\", "
+"Men i tillegg til disse produserte nyhetene om <quote>tragedien 11. september</quote>, "
"kunne de av oss som er knyttet til internettet i tillegg se en svært "
"annerledes produksjon. Internettet er fullt av fortellinger om de samme "
"hendelsene. Men disse internet-fortellingene hadde en veldig annerledes "
"people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
"to point to a significance in this form of speech. For like a Kodak, the "
"Internet enables people to capture images. And like in a movie by a student "
-"on the \"Just Think!\" bus, the visual images could be mixed with sound or "
-"text."
+"on the <quote>Just Think!</quote> bus, the visual images could be mixed with "
+"sound or text."
msgstr ""
"Det er ikke så enkelt som at jeg ønsker å lovprise internettet—selv om "
"jeg mener at folkene som støtter denne formen for tale bør lovprises. Jeg "
"ønsker i stedet å peke på viktigheten av denne formen for tale. For på "
"samme måte som en Kodak, gjør internettet folk i stand til å fange bilder. "
-"Og på samme måte som med en film laget av en av studentene på \"Just Think!"
-"\"-bussen, kan visuelle bilder bli blandet med lyd og tekst."
+"Og på samme måte som med en film laget av en av studentene på <quote>Just Think!"
+"</quote>-bussen, kan visuelle bilder bli blandet med lyd og tekst."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"tradition, it also means control through reasoned discourse. This was the "
"idea that captured the imagination of Alexis de Tocqueville, the nineteenth-"
"century French lawyer who wrote the most important account of early "
-"\"Democracy in America.\" It wasn't popular elections that fascinated "
-"him—it was the jury, an institution that gave ordinary people the "
-"right to choose life or death for other citizens. And most fascinating for "
-"him was that the jury didn't just vote about the outcome they would impose. "
-"They deliberated. Members argued about the \"right\" result; they tried to "
-"persuade each other of the \"right\" result, and in criminal cases at least, "
-"they had to agree upon a unanimous result for the process to come to an end."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>Democracy in America.</quote> It wasn't popular elections that "
+"fascinated him—it was the jury, an institution that gave ordinary "
+"people the right to choose life or death for other citizens. And most "
+"fascinating for him was that the jury didn't just vote about the outcome "
+"they would impose. They deliberated. Members argued about the <quote>right</"
+"quote> result; they tried to persuade each other of the <quote>right</quote> "
+"result, and in criminal cases at least, they had to agree upon a unanimous "
+"result for the process to come to an end.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Men demokrati har aldri kun handlet om valg. Demokrati betyr at folket "
"styrer, og å styre betyr noe mer enn kun valg. I vår tradisjon betyr det "
"også kontroll gjennom gjennomtenkt meningsbrytning. Dette var idéen som "
"fanget fantasien til Alexis de Tocqueville, den franske nittenhundretalls-"
-"advokaten som skrev den viktigste historien om det tidlige \"demokratiet i "
-"Amerika\". Det var ikke allmenn stemmerett som fascinerte han—det var "
+"advokaten som skrev den viktigste historien om det tidlige <quote>demokratiet i "
+"Amerika</quote>. Det var ikke allmenn stemmerett som fascinerte han—det var "
"juryen, en institusjon som ga vanlige folk retten til å velge liv eller død "
"før andre borgere. Og det som fascinerte han mest var at juryen ikke bare "
"stemte over hvilket resultat de ville legge frem. De diskuterte. "
-"Medlemmene argumenterte om hva som var \"riktig\" resultat, de forsøkte å "
-"overbevise hverandre om \"riktig\"resultat, og i hvert fall i kriminalsaker "
+"Medlemmene argumenterte om hva som var <quote>riktig</quote> resultat, de forsøkte å "
+"overbevise hverandre om <quote>riktig</quote>resultat, og i hvert fall i kriminalsaker "
"måtte de bli enige om et enstemming resultat for at prosessen skulle "
"avsluttes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f16
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal "
-"of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
+"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgstr ""
-"Bruce Ackerman og James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal of "
+"Bruce Ackerman og James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day</quote>, <citetitle>Journal of "
"Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"pushing to create just such an institution.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> And in some towns in New England, something close to deliberation "
"remains. But for most of us for most of the time, there is no time or place "
-"for \"democratic deliberation\" to occur."
+"for <quote>democratic deliberation</quote> to occur."
msgstr ""
"Og likevel fremheves denne institusjonen i USA i dag. Og i dets sted er det "
"ingen systematisk innsats for å muliggjøre borger-diskusjon. Noen gjør en "
"innsats for å lage en slik institusjon.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> Og i noen landsbyer i New England er det noe i nærheten av diskusjon "
"igjen. Men for de fleste av oss mesteparten av tiden, er det ingen tid og "
-"sted for å gjennomføre \"demokratisk diskusjon\"."
+"sted for å gjennomføre <quote>demokratisk diskusjon</quote>."
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#. f18
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
-"York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
+"Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,</"
+"quote> New York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
msgstr ""
-"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
+"Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot</quote>, New "
"York Times, 16. januar 2003, G5."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
-"mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott \"misspoke"
-"\" at a party for Senator Strom Thurmond, essentially praising Thurmond's "
-"segregationist policies, he calculated correctly that this story would "
-"disappear from the mainstream press within forty-eight hours. It did. But he "
-"didn't calculate its life cycle in blog space. The bloggers kept researching "
-"the story. Over time, more and more instances of the same \"misspeaking\" "
-"emerged. Finally, the story broke back into the mainstream press. In the "
-"end, Lott was forced to resign as senate majority leader.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
+"<quote>misspoke</quote> at a party for Senator Strom Thurmond, essentially "
+"praising Thurmond's segregationist policies, he calculated correctly that "
+"this story would disappear from the mainstream press within forty-eight "
+"hours. It did. But he didn't calculate its life cycle in blog space. The "
+"bloggers kept researching the story. Over time, more and more instances of "
+"the same <quote>misspeaking</quote> emerged. Finally, the story broke back "
+"into the mainstream press. In the end, Lott was forced to resign as senate "
+"majority leader.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"En direkte effekt er på historier som hadde en annerledes livssyklus i de "
-"store mediene. Trend Lott-affæren er et eksempel. Da Logg \"sa feil\" på "
+"store mediene. Trend Lott-affæren er et eksempel. Da Logg <quote>sa feil</quote> på "
"en fest for senator Storm Thurmond, og essensielt lovpriste "
"segregeringspolitikken til Thurmond, regnet han ganske riktig med at "
"historien ville forsvinne fra de store mediene i løpet av førtiåtte timer. "
"Det skjedde. Men han regnet ikke med dens livssyklus i bloggsfæren. "
"Bloggerne fortsatte å undersøke historien. Etter hvert dukket flere og "
-"flere tilfeller av tilsvarende \"feiluttalelser\" opp. Så dukket historien "
+"flere tilfeller av tilsvarende <quote>feiluttalelser</quote> opp. Så dukket historien "
"opp igjen hos de store mediene. Lott ble til slutt tvinget til å trekke seg "
"som leder for senatets flertall.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
"There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
"the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
"a software author for many decades, told me, another difference is the "
-"absence of a financial \"conflict of interest.\" \"I think you have to take "
-"the conflict of interest\" out of journalism, Winer told me. \"An amateur "
-"journalist simply doesn't have a conflict of interest, or the conflict of "
-"interest is so easily disclosed that you know you can sort of get it out of "
-"the way.\""
+"absence of a financial <quote>conflict of interest.</quote> <quote>I think "
+"you have to take the conflict of interest</quote> out of journalism, Winer "
+"told me. <quote>An amateur journalist simply doesn't have a conflict of "
+"interest, or the conflict of interest is so easily disclosed that you know "
+"you can sort of get it out of the way.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Det er også en annen måte, hvor blogger har en annen syklus enn de store "
"mediene. Som Dave Winer, en av fedrene til denne bevegelsen og en "
"programvareutvikler i mange tiår fortalte meg, er en annen forskjell "
-"fraværet av finansiell \"interessekonflikt\". \"Jeg tror du må ta "
-"interessekonflikten\" ut av journalismen, fortalte Winer meg. \"En "
+"fraværet av finansiell <quote>interessekonflikt</quote>. <quote>Jeg tror du må ta "
+"interessekonflikten</quote> ut av journalismen, fortalte Winer meg. <quote>En "
"amatørjournalist har ganske enkelt ikke interessekonflikt, eller "
"interessekonflikten er så enkelt å avsløre at du liksom vet du kan rydde den "
-"av veien.\""
+"av veien.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CNN"
"with a reporter in Iraq. The New York headquarters was telling the reporter "
"over and over that her account of the war was too bleak: She needed to offer "
"a more optimistic story. When she told New York that wasn't warranted, they "
-"told her that <emphasis>they</emphasis> were writing \"the story.\")"
+"told her that <emphasis>they</emphasis> were writing <quote>the story.</"
+"quote>)"
msgstr ""
"Disse konfliktene blir mer viktig etter hvert som mediene blir mer "
"konsentert (mer om dette under). Konsenterte medier kan skjule mer fra "
"reporteren gang på gang at hennes rapport om krigen var for trist: Hun måtte "
"tilby en mer optimistisk historie. Når hun fortalte New York at det ikke var "
"grunnlag for det, fortalte de henne at det var <emphasis>dem</emphasis> som "
-"skrev \"historien\".)"
+"skrev <quote>historien</quote>.)"
#. f20
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
-"Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci "
-"D. Kramer, \"Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online "
-"Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
+"John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
+"Information Online,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 "
+"February 2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, <quote>Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, "
+"but Strong Overall,</quote> Online Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
-"Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 februar 2003, A28; Staci "
-"D. Kramer, \"Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online "
+"John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
+"Online</quote>, <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 februar 2003, A28; Staci "
+"D. Kramer, <quote>Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall</quote>, Online "
"Journalism Review, 2. februar 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—\"amateur\" not in "
-"the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic athlete, meaning "
-"not paid by anyone to give their reports. It allows for a much broader range "
-"of input into a story, as reporting on the Columbia disaster revealed, when "
-"hundreds from across the southwest United States turned to the Internet to "
-"retell what they had seen.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it "
-"drives readers to read across the range of accounts and \"triangulate,\" as "
-"Winer puts it, the truth. Blogs, Winer says, are \"communicating directly "
-"with our constituency, and the middle man is out of it\"—with all the "
-"benefits, and costs, that might entail."
+"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—<quote>amateur</"
+"quote> not in the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic "
+"athlete, meaning not paid by anyone to give their reports. It allows for a "
+"much broader range of input into a story, as reporting on the Columbia "
+"disaster revealed, when hundreds from across the southwest United States "
+"turned to the Internet to retell what they had seen.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it drives readers to read across the range of "
+"accounts and <quote>triangulate,</quote> as Winer puts it, the truth. Blogs, "
+"Winer says, are <quote>communicating directly with our constituency, and the "
+"middle man is out of it</quote>—with all the benefits, and costs, that "
+"might entail."
msgstr ""
-"Blogg-sfæren gir amatører en måte å bli med i debatten—\"amatør\" ikke "
+"Blogg-sfæren gir amatører en måte å bli med i debatten—<quote>amatør</quote> ikke "
"i betydningen uerfaren, men i betydningen til en Olympisk atlet, det vil si "
"ikke betalt av noen for å komme med deres rapport. Det tillater en mye "
"bredere rekke av innspill til en historie, slik rapporteringen Columbia-"
"katastrofen avdekket, når hundrevis fra hele sørvest-USA vendte seg til "
"internettet for å gjenfortelle hva de hadde sett.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/> Og det får lesere til å lese på tvers av en rekke fortellinger "
-"og \"triangulere\", som Winer formulerer det, sannheten. Blogger, sier "
-"Winer, \"kommunserer direkte med vår velgermasse, og mellommannen er fjernet"
-"\"— med alle de fordeler og ulemper det kan føre med seg."
+"og <quote>triangulere</quote>, som Winer formulerer det, sannheten. Blogger, sier "
+"Winer, <quote>kommunserer direkte med vår velgermasse, og mellommannen er fjernet"
+"</quote>— med alle de fordeler og ulemper det kan føre med seg."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
-"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (\"Not all "
-"news organizations have been as accepting of employees who blog. Kevin "
+"See Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (<quote>Not "
+"all news organizations have been as accepting of employees who blog. Kevin "
"Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq who started a blog about his reporting of "
"the war on March 9, stopped posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. "
"Last year Steve Olafson, a <citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle> "
"reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, published under a "
-"pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was covering."
-"
\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was covering.</"
+"
quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
-"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september 2003, C4. (\"Ikke alle "
+"Se Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september 2003, C4. (<quote>Ikke alle "
"nyhetsorganisasjoner har hatt like stor aksept for ansatte som blogger. "
"Kevin Sites, en CNN-korrespondent i Irak som startet en blogg om sin "
"rapportering av krigen 9. mars, stoppet å publisere 12 dager senere på "
"forespørsel fra sine sjefer. I fjor fikk Steve Olafson, en "
"<citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle>-reporter, sparken for å ha hatt en "
"personlig web-logg, publisert under pseudonym, som handlet om noen av "
-"temaene og folkene som han dekket
\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"temaene og folkene som han dekket
</quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 58
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with blogs. "
-"\"It's going to become an essential skill,\" Winer predicts, for public "
-"figures and increasingly for private figures as well. It's not clear that "
-"\"journalism\" is happy about this—some journalists have been told to "
-"curtail their blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it is "
-"clear that we are still in transition. \"A lot of what we are doing now is "
-"warm-up exercises,\" Winer told me. There is a lot that must mature before "
-"this space has its mature effect. And as the inclusion of content in this "
-"space is the least infringing use of the Internet (meaning infringing on "
-"copyright), Winer said, \"we will be the last thing that gets shut down.\""
+"<quote>It's going to become an essential skill,</quote> Winer predicts, for "
+"public figures and increasingly for private figures as well. It's not clear "
+"that <quote>journalism</quote> is happy about this—some journalists "
+"have been told to curtail their blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> But it is clear that we are still in transition. <quote>A lot of "
+"what we are doing now is warm-up exercises,</quote> Winer told me. There is "
+"a lot that must mature before this space has its mature effect. And as the "
+"inclusion of content in this space is the least infringing use of the "
+"Internet (meaning infringing on copyright), Winer said, <quote>we will be "
+"the last thing that gets shut down.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Winer er optimistisk når det gjelder en journalistfremtid infisert av "
-"blogger. \"Det kommer til å bli en nødvendig ferdighet\", spår Winer, for "
+"blogger. <quote>Det kommer til å bli en nødvendig ferdighet</quote>, spår Winer, for "
"offentlige aktører og også i større grad for private aktører. Det er ikke "
-"klart at \"journalismen\" er glad for dette—noen journalister har "
+"klart at <quote>journalismen</quote> er glad for dette—noen journalister har "
"blitt bedt om å kutte ut sin blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> Men det er klart at vi fortsatt er i en overgangsfase. \"Mye av det "
-"vi gjør nå er oppvarmingsøvelser\", fortalte Winer meg. Det er mye som må "
+"\"0\"/> Men det er klart at vi fortsatt er i en overgangsfase. <quote>Mye av det "
+"vi gjør nå er oppvarmingsøvelser</quote>, fortalte Winer meg. Det er mye som må "
"modne før dette området har sin modne effekt. Og etter som inkludering av "
"innhold i dette området er det området med minst opphavsrettsbrudd på "
-"internettet, sa Wiener at \"vi vil være den siste tingen som blir skutt ned"
-"\"."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-msgid ""
-"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because \"you don't "
-"have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.\" That is true. "
-"But it affects democracy in another way as well. As more and more citizens "
-"express what they think, and defend it in writing, that will change the way "
-"people understand public issues. It is easy to be wrong and misguided in "
-"your head. It is harder when the product of your mind can be criticized by "
-"others. Of course, it is a rare human who admits that he has been persuaded "
-"that he is wrong. But it is even rarer for a human to ignore when he has "
-"been proven wrong. The writing of ideas, arguments, and criticism improves "
-"democracy. Today there are probably a couple of million blogs where such "
-"writing happens. When there are ten million, there will be something "
-"extraordinary to report."
-msgstr ""
-"Slik tale påvirker demokratiet. Winer mener dette skjer fordi \"du trenger "
-"ikke jobber for noen som kontrollerer, [for] en portvokter\". Det er sant. "
+"internettet, sa Wiener at <quote>vi vil være den siste tingen som blir skutt ned"
+"</quote>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because <quote>you "
+"don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.</quote> "
+"That is true. But it affects democracy in another way as well. As more and "
+"more citizens express what they think, and defend it in writing, that will "
+"change the way people understand public issues. It is easy to be wrong and "
+"misguided in your head. It is harder when the product of your mind can be "
+"criticized by others. Of course, it is a rare human who admits that he has "
+"been persuaded that he is wrong. But it is even rarer for a human to ignore "
+"when he has been proven wrong. The writing of ideas, arguments, and "
+"criticism improves democracy. Today there are probably a couple of million "
+"blogs where such writing happens. When there are ten million, there will be "
+"something extraordinary to report."
+msgstr ""
+"Slik tale påvirker demokratiet. Winer mener dette skjer fordi <quote>du trenger "
+"ikke jobber for noen som kontrollerer, [for] en portvokter</quote>. Det er sant. "
"Men det påvirker demokratiet også på en annen måte. Etter hvert som flere og "
"flere borgere uttrykker hva de mener, og forsvarer det skriftlig, så vil det "
"endre hvordan folk forstår offentlige temaer. Det er enkelt å ha feil og "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, "
-"as his Web site describes it, is \"human learning and … the creation "
-"of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.\""
+"as his Web site describes it, is <quote>human learning and … the "
+"creation of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"John Seely Brown er sjefsforsker ved Xerox Corporation. Hans arbeid, i "
-"følge hans eget nettsted, er \"menneskelig læring og … å skape "
-"kunnskapsøkologier for å skape … innovasjon\"."
+"følge hans eget nettsted, er <quote>menneskelig læring og … å skape "
+"kunnskapsøkologier for å skape … innovasjon</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. PAGE BREAK 59
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When \"a lot of us grew up,\" he "
-"explains, that tinkering was done \"on motorcycle engines, lawnmower "
-"engines, automobiles, radios, and so on.\" But digital technologies enable a "
-"different kind of tinkering—with abstract ideas though in concrete "
-"form. The kids at Just Think! not only think about how a commercial portrays "
-"a politician; using digital technology, they can take the commercial apart "
-"and manipulate it, tinker with it to see how it does what it does. Digital "
-"technologies launch a kind of bricolage, or \"free collage,\" as Brown calls "
-"it. Many get to add to or transform the tinkering of many others."
-msgstr ""
-"Brown tror vi lærer med å fikle. Da \"mange av oss vokste opp\", forklarer "
-"han, ble fiklingen gjort \"pa motorsykkelmotorer, gressklippermotorer, "
-"biler, radioer og så videre\". Men digitale teknologier muliggjør en annen "
+"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When <quote>a lot of us grew up,</"
+"quote> he explains, that tinkering was done <quote>on motorcycle engines, "
+"lawnmower engines, automobiles, radios, and so on.</quote> But digital "
+"technologies enable a different kind of tinkering—with abstract ideas "
+"though in concrete form. The kids at Just Think! not only think about how a "
+"commercial portrays a politician; using digital technology, they can take "
+"the commercial apart and manipulate it, tinker with it to see how it does "
+"what it does. Digital technologies launch a kind of bricolage, or "
+"<quote>free collage,</quote> as Brown calls it. Many get to add to or "
+"transform the tinkering of many others."
+msgstr ""
+"Brown tror vi lærer med å fikle. Da <quote>mange av oss vokste opp</quote>, forklarer "
+"han, ble fiklingen gjort <quote>pa motorsykkelmotorer, gressklippermotorer, "
+"biler, radioer og så videre</quote>. Men digitale teknologier muliggjør en annen "
"type fikling—med abstrakte idéer i sin konkrete form. Ungene i Just "
"Think! tenker ikke bare på hvordan et reklameinnslag fremstiller en "
"politiker. Ved å bruke digital teknologi kan de ta reklameinnslaget fra "
"hverandre og manipulerer det, fikle med det, og se hvordan det blir gjort. "
-"Digitale teknologier setter igang en slags *bricolage* eller \"fritt "
-"tilgjengelig sammenstilling\", som Brown kaller det. Mange får mulighet til "
+"Digitale teknologier setter igang en slags *bricolage* eller <quote>fritt "
+"tilgjengelig sammenstilling</quote>, som Brown kaller det. Mange får mulighet til "
"å legge til på eller endre på fiklingen til mange andre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"This opportunity creates a \"completely new kind of learning platform,\" as "
-"Brown describes. \"As soon as you start doing that, you … unleash a "
-"free collage on the community, so that other people can start looking at "
-"your code, tinkering with it, trying it out, seeing if they can improve it."
-"\" Each effort is a kind of apprenticeship. \"Open source becomes a major "
-"apprenticeship platform.\""
+"This opportunity creates a <quote>completely new kind of learning platform,</"
+"quote> as Brown describes. <quote>As soon as you start doing that, you "
+"… unleash a free collage on the community, so that other people can "
+"start looking at your code, tinkering with it, trying it out, seeing if they "
+"can improve it.</quote> Each effort is a kind of apprenticeship. <quote>Open "
+"source becomes a major apprenticeship platform.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Denne muligheten gir en \"helt ny type læringsplattform\", i følge Brown. "
-"\"Så snart du begynner å gjøre dette, så … slipper du løs en fritt "
-"tilgjengelig sammenstilling til fellesskapet, slik at andre folk kan begynne "
-"å se på koden din, fikle med den, teste den, seom de kan forbedre den\". Og "
-"hver innsats er et slags læretid. \"Åpen kildekode blir en stor "
-"lærlingeplatform.\"."
+"Denne muligheten gir en <quote>helt ny type læringsplattform</quote>, i "
+"følge Brown. <quote>Så snart du begynner å gjøre dette, så … slipper "
+"du løs en fritt tilgjengelig sammenstilling til fellesskapet, slik at andre "
+"folk kan begynne å se på koden din, fikle med den, teste den, seom de kan "
+"forbedre den</quote>. Og hver innsats er et slags læretid. <quote>Åpen "
+"kildekode blir en stor lærlingeplatform.</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"In this process, \"the concrete things you tinker with are abstract. They "
-"are code.\" Kids are \"shifting to the ability to tinker in the abstract, "
-"and this tinkering is no longer an isolated activity that you're doing in "
-"your garage. You are tinkering with a community platform. … You are "
-"tinkering with other people's stuff. The more you tinker the more you "
-"improve.\" The more you improve, the more you learn."
+"In this process, <quote>the concrete things you tinker with are abstract. "
+"They are code.</quote> Kids are <quote>shifting to the ability to tinker in "
+"the abstract, and this tinkering is no longer an isolated activity that "
+"you're doing in your garage. You are tinkering with a community platform. "
+"… You are tinkering with other people's stuff. The more you tinker "
+"the more you improve.</quote> The more you improve, the more you learn."
msgstr ""
-"I denne prossesen, \"er de konkrete tingene du fikler med abstrakte. De er "
-"kildekode\". Unger \"endres til å få evnen til å fikle med det abstrakte, "
-"og denne fiklingen er ikke lenger en isolert aktivitet som du gjør i "
-"garasjen din. Du fikler med en fellesskapsplatform. … Du fikler med "
-"andre folks greier. Og jo mer du fikler, jo mer forbedrer du.\" Jo mer du "
-"forbedrer, jo mer lærer du."
+"I denne prossesen, <quote>er de konkrete tingene du fikler med abstrakte. De "
+"er kildekode</quote>. Unger <quote>endres til å få evnen til å fikle med "
+"det abstrakte, og denne fiklingen er ikke lenger en isolert aktivitet som du "
+"gjør i garasjen din. Du fikler med en fellesskapsplatform. … Du "
+"fikler med andre folks greier. Og jo mer du fikler, jo mer forbedrer du.</"
+"quote> Jo mer du forbedrer, jo mer lærer du."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This same thing happens with content, too. And it happens in the same "
"collaborative way when that content is part of the Web. As Brown puts it, "
-"\"the Web [is] the first medium that truly honors multiple forms of "
-"intelligence.\" Earlier technologies, such as the typewriter or word "
+"<quote>the Web [is] the first medium that truly honors multiple forms of "
+"intelligence.</quote> Earlier technologies, such as the typewriter or word "
"processors, helped amplify text. But the Web amplifies much more than text. "
-"\"The Web … says if you are musical, if you are artistic, if you are "
-"visual, if you are interested in film … [then] there is a lot you can "
-"start to do on this medium. [It] can now amplify and honor these multiple "
-"forms of intelligence.\""
+"<quote>The Web … says if you are musical, if you are artistic, if you "
+"are visual, if you are interested in film … [then] there is a lot you "
+"can start to do on this medium. [It] can now amplify and honor these "
+"multiple forms of intelligence.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Denne sammen tingen skjer også med innhold. Og det skjer på samme "
"samarbeidende måte når dette innholdet er del av nettet. Som Brown "
-"formulerer det, \"nettet er det første medium som virkelig tar hensyn til "
-"flere former for intelligens\". Tidligere teknologier, slik som "
+"formulerer det, <quote>nettet er det første medium som virkelig tar hensyn "
+"til flere former for intelligens</quote>. Tidligere teknologier, slik som "
"skrivemaskin eller tekstbehandling, hjelper med å fremme tekst. Men nettet "
-"fremmer mye mer enn tekst. \"Nettet … si hvis du er musikalsk, hvis "
-"du er kunstnerisk, hvis du er visuell, hvis du er interessert i film …"
-"da er det en masse du kan gå igang med på dette mediet. Det kan fremme og "
-"ta hensyn til alle disse formene for intelligens.\""
+"fremmer mye mer enn tekst. <quote>Nettet … si hvis du er musikalsk, "
+"hvis du er kunstnerisk, hvis du er visuell, hvis du er interessert i film "
+"…da er det en masse du kan gå igang med på dette mediet. Det kan "
+"fremme og ta hensyn til alle disse formene for intelligens.</quote>"
#. PAGE BREAK 60
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. f22
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, \"Technological Access "
-"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,\" "
+"See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, <quote>Technological "
+"Access Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Communications of the Association for Computer Machinery</"
"citetitle> 43 (2000): 9."
msgstr ""
-"Se for eksempel, Edward Felten og Andrew Appel, \"Technological Access "
-"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,\" "
+"Se for eksempel, Edward Felten og Andrew Appel, <quote>Technological Access "
+"Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Communications of the Association for Computer Machinery</"
"citetitle> 43 (2000): 9."
"These restrictions have become the focus of researchers and scholars. "
"Professor Ed Felten of Princeton (whom we'll see more of in chapter <xref "
"xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>) has developed a "
-"powerful argument in favor of the \"right to tinker\" as it applies to "
-"computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more fundamental. "
-"It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because of the law."
+"powerful argument in favor of the <quote>right to tinker</quote> as it "
+"applies to computer science and to knowledge in general.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But Brown's concern is earlier, or younger, or more "
+"fundamental. It is about the learning that kids can do, or can't do, because "
+"of the law."
msgstr ""
"Disse begresningene har blitt fokusen for forskere og akademikere. Professor "
"Ed Felten ved Princeton (som vi vil se mer fra i kapittel <xref xrefstyle="
"\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"property-i\"/>) har utviklet et kraftfylt "
-"argument til fordel for \"retten til å fikle\" slik det gjøres i informatikk "
-"og til kunnskap generelt.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Men "
-"bekymringen til Brown er tidligere, og mer fundamentalt. Det handler om hva "
-"slags læring unger kan få, eller ikke kan få, på grunn av loven."
+"argument til fordel for <quote>retten til å fikle</quote> slik det gjøres i "
+"informatikk og til kunnskap generelt.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"> Men bekymringen til Brown er tidligere, og mer fundamentalt. Det handler "
+"om hva slags læring unger kan få, eller ikke kan få, på grunn av loven."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,\" Brown "
-"explains. We need to \"understand how kids who grow up digital think and "
-"want to learn.\""
+"<quote>This is where education in the twenty-first century is going,</quote> "
+"Brown explains. We need to <quote>understand how kids who grow up digital "
+"think and want to learn.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Dette er dit utviklingen av utdanning i det tjueførste århundret er på vei"
-"\", forklarer Brown. Vi må \"forstå hvordan unger som vokser opp digitalt "
-"tenker og ønsker å lære\"."
+"<quote>Dette er dit utviklingen av utdanning i det tjueførste århundret er "
+"på vei</quote>, forklarer Brown. Vi må <quote>forstå hvordan unger som "
+"vokser opp digitalt tenker og ønsker å lære</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Yet,\" as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will evince, "
-"\"we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the natural "
-"tendencies of today's digital kids. … We're building an architecture "
-"that unleashes 60 percent of the brain [and] a legal system that closes down "
-"that part of the brain.\""
+"<quote>Yet,</quote> as Brown continued, and as the balance of this book will "
+"evince, <quote>we are building a legal system that completely suppresses the "
+"natural tendencies of today's digital kids. … We're building an "
+"architecture that unleashes 60 percent of the brain [and] a legal system "
+"that closes down that part of the brain.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Likevel\", fortsatte Brown, og som balansen i denne boken vil føre bevis "
-"for, \"bygger vi et juridisk system som fullstendig undertrykker den "
-"naturlige tendensen i dagens digitale unger. … We bygger en "
-"arkitektur som frigjør 60 prosent av hjernen [og] et juridisk system som "
-"stenger ned den delen av hjernen\"."
+"<quote>Likevel</quote>, fortsatte Brown, og som balansen i denne boken vil "
+"føre bevis for, <quote>bygger vi et juridisk system som fullstendig "
+"undertrykker den naturlige tendensen i dagens digitale unger. … We "
+"bygger en arkitektur som frigjør 60 prosent av hjernen [og] et juridisk "
+"system som stenger ned den delen av hjernen</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"No way to run a culture,\" as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet in chapter "
-"<xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, quipped to "
-"me in a rare moment of despondence."
+"<quote>No way to run a culture,</quote> as Brewster Kahle, whom we'll meet "
+"in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
+"quipped to me in a rare moment of despondence."
msgstr ""
-"\"Ikke måten å drive en kultur på\", sa Brewster Kahle, som vi møtte i "
-"kapittel <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors\"/>, "
-"kommenterte til meg i et sjeldent øyeblikk av nedstemthet."
+"<quote>Ikke måten å drive en kultur på</quote>, sa Brewster Kahle, som vi "
+"møtte i kapittel <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend=\"collectors"
+"\"/>, kommenterte til meg i et sjeldent øyeblikk av nedstemthet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER THREE: Catalogs"
"Search engines are a measure of a network's intimacy. Google brought the "
"Internet much closer to all of us by fantastically improving the quality of "
"search on the network. Specialty search engines can do this even better. The "
-"idea of \"intranet\" search engines, search engines that search within the "
-"network of a particular institution, is to provide users of that institution "
-"with better access to material from that institution. Businesses do this "
-"all the time, enabling employees to have access to material that people "
-"outside the business can't get. Universities do it as well."
+"idea of <quote>intranet</quote> search engines, search engines that search "
+"within the network of a particular institution, is to provide users of that "
+"institution with better access to material from that institution. "
+"Businesses do this all the time, enabling employees to have access to "
+"material that people outside the business can't get. Universities do it as "
+"well."
msgstr ""
"Søkemotorer er et mål pa hvor nært et nettverk oppleves å være. Google "
"brakte internettet mye nærmere oss alle ved en utrolig forbedring av "
"kvaliteten på søk i nettverket. Spesialiserte søkemotorer kan gjøre dette "
-"enda bedre. Ideen med \"intranett\"-søkemotorer, søkemotorer som kun søker "
-"internt i nettverket til en bestemt institusjon, er å tilby brukerne i denne "
-"institusjonen bedre tilgang til materiale fra denne institusjonen. Bedrifter "
-"gjør dette hele tiden, ved å gi ansatte mulighet til å få tak i materiale "
-"som folk på utsiden av bedriften ikke kan få tak i. Universitetet gjør også "
-"dette."
+"enda bedre. Ideen med <quote>intranett</quote>-søkemotorer, søkemotorer som "
+"kun søker internt i nettverket til en bestemt institusjon, er å tilby "
+"brukerne i denne institusjonen bedre tilgang til materiale fra denne "
+"institusjonen. Bedrifter gjør dette hele tiden, ved å gi ansatte mulighet "
+"til å få tak i materiale som folk på utsiden av bedriften ikke kan få tak i. "
+"Universitetet gjør også dette."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"It was absurd,\" he told me. \"I don't think I did anything wrong. "
-"… I don't think there's anything wrong with the search engine that I "
-"ran or … what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't modified it in any "
-"way that promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just modified the "
-"search engine in a way that would make it easier to use\"—again, a "
-"<emphasis>search engine</emphasis>, which Jesse had not himself built, using "
-"the Windows filesharing system, which Jesse had not himself built, to enable "
-"members of the RPI community to get access to content, which Jesse had not "
-"himself created or posted, and the vast majority of which had nothing to do "
-"with music."
-msgstr ""
-"\"Det var absurd\", fortalte han meg. \"Jeg mener at jeg ikke gjorde noe "
-"galt. … Jeg mener det ikke er noe galt med søkemotoren som jeg kjørte "
-"eller … hva jeg hadde gjort med den. Jeg mener, jeg hadde ikke "
-"endret den på noen måte som fremmet eller forbedret arbeidet til pirater. "
-"Jeg endret kun søkemotoren slik at den ble enklere å bruke\"—igjen, en "
-"<emphasis>søkemotor</emphasis>, som Jesse ikke hadde bygd selv, som brukte "
-"fildelingssystemet til Windows, som Jesse ikke hadde bygd selv, for å gjøre "
-"det mulig for medlemmer av RPI-fellesskapet å få tilgang til innhold, som "
-"Jesse ikke hadde laget eller gjort tilgjengelig, og der det store flertall "
-"av dette ikke hadde noe å gjøre med musikk."
+"<quote>It was absurd,</quote> he told me. <quote>I don't think I did "
+"anything wrong. … I don't think there's anything wrong with the "
+"search engine that I ran or … what I had done to it. I mean, I hadn't "
+"modified it in any way that promoted or enhanced the work of pirates. I just "
+"modified the search engine in a way that would make it easier to use</"
+"quote>—again, a <emphasis>search engine</emphasis>, which Jesse had "
+"not himself built, using the Windows filesharing system, which Jesse had not "
+"himself built, to enable members of the RPI community to get access to "
+"content, which Jesse had not himself created or posted, and the vast "
+"majority of which had nothing to do with music."
+msgstr ""
+"<quote>Det var absurd</quote>, fortalte han meg. <quote>Jeg mener at jeg "
+"ikke gjorde noe galt. … Jeg mener det ikke er noe galt med "
+"søkemotoren som jeg kjørte eller … hva jeg hadde gjort med den. Jeg "
+"mener, jeg hadde ikke endret den på noen måte som fremmet eller forbedret "
+"arbeidet til pirater. Jeg endret kun søkemotoren slik at den ble enklere å "
+"bruke</quote>—igjen, en <emphasis>søkemotor</emphasis>, som Jesse ikke "
+"hadde bygd selv, som brukte fildelingssystemet til Windows, som Jesse ikke "
+"hadde bygd selv, for å gjøre det mulig for medlemmer av RPI-fellesskapet å "
+"få tilgang til innhold, som Jesse ikke hadde laget eller gjort tilgjengelig, "
+"og der det store flertall av dette ikke hadde noe å gjøre med musikk."
#. PAGE BREAK 64
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But the RIAA branded Jesse a pirate. They claimed he operated a network and "
-"had therefore \"willfully\" violated copyright laws. They demanded that he "
-"pay them the damages for his wrong. For cases of \"willful infringement,\" "
-"the Copyright Act specifies something lawyers call \"statutory damages.\" "
-"These damages permit a copyright owner to claim $150,000 per infringement. "
-"As the RIAA alleged more than one hundred specific copyright infringements, "
-"they therefore demanded that Jesse pay them at least $15,000,000."
+"had therefore <quote>willfully</quote> violated copyright laws. They "
+"demanded that he pay them the damages for his wrong. For cases of "
+"<quote>willful infringement,</quote> the Copyright Act specifies something "
+"lawyers call <quote>statutory damages.</quote> These damages permit a "
+"copyright owner to claim $150,000 per infringement. As the RIAA alleged more "
+"than one hundred specific copyright infringements, they therefore demanded "
+"that Jesse pay them at least $15,000,000."
msgstr ""
"Men RIAA kalte Jesse en pirat. De hevdet at han opererte et nettverk og "
-"dermed \"med vilje\" hadde brutt opphavsrettslovene. De krevde at han "
-"betalte dem skadeerstatning for det han hadde gjort galt. I saker med "
-"\"krenkelser med vilje\", spesifiserer opphavsrettsloven noe som advokater "
-"kaller \"lovbestemte skader\". Disse skadene tillater en "
-"opphavsrettighetseier å kreve $150 000 per krenkelse. Etter som RIAA "
-"påsto det var mer enn et hundre spesifikke opphavsrettskrenkelser, krevde de "
-"dermed at Jesse betalte dem minst $15 000 000."
+"dermed <quote>med vilje</quote> hadde brutt opphavsrettslovene. De krevde "
+"at han betalte dem skadeerstatning for det han hadde gjort galt. I saker "
+"med <quote>krenkelser med vilje</quote>, spesifiserer opphavsrettsloven noe "
+"som advokater kaller <quote>lovbestemte skader</quote>. Disse skadene "
+"tillater en opphavsrettighetseier å kreve $150 000 per krenkelse. "
+"Etter som RIAA påsto det var mer enn et hundre spesifikke "
+"opphavsrettskrenkelser, krevde de dermed at Jesse betalte dem minst "
+"$15 000 000."
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
-"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
+"Group LCC</citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, available at 2003 WL 55179443."
msgstr ""
-"Tim Goral, \"Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
-"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,\" <citetitle>Professional Media Group LCC</"
-"citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
+"Tim Goral, <quote>Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit "
+"Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages,</quote> <citetitle>Professional Media "
+"Group LCC</citetitle> 6 (2003): 5, tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"student at RPI, one at Michigan Technical University, and one at Princeton. "
"Their situations were similar to Jesse's. Though each case was different in "
"detail, the bottom line in each was exactly the same: huge demands for "
-"\"damages\" that the RIAA claimed it was entitled to. If you added up the "
-"claims, these four lawsuits were asking courts in the United States to award "
-"the plaintiffs close to $100 <emphasis>billion</emphasis>—six times "
-"the <emphasis>total</emphasis> profit of the film industry in 2001."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>damages</quote> that the RIAA claimed it was entitled to. If you "
+"added up the claims, these four lawsuits were asking courts in the United "
+"States to award the plaintiffs close to $100 <emphasis>billion</"
+"emphasis>—six times the <emphasis>total</emphasis> profit of the film "
+"
industry in 2001.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Lignende søksmål ble gjort mot tre andre studenter: en annen student ved "
"RPI, en ved Michegan Technical University og en ved Princeton. Deres "
"situasjoner var lik den til Jesse. Selv om hver sak hadde forskjellige "
-"detaljer, var hovedpoenget nøyaktig det samme: store krav om \"erstatning\" "
-"som RIAA påsto de hadde rett på. Hvis du summerte opp disse kravene, ba "
-"disse fire søksmålene domstolene i USA å tildele saksøkerne nesten $100 "
-"<emphasis>milliarder</emphasis>—seks ganger det <emphasis>totale</"
-"emphasis> overskuddet til filmindustrien i 2001.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
-"\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"detaljer, var hovedpoenget nøyaktig det samme: store krav om "
+"<quote>erstatning</quote> som RIAA påsto de hadde rett på. Hvis du summerte "
+"opp disse kravene, ba disse fire søksmålene domstolene i USA å tildele "
+"saksøkerne nesten $100 <emphasis>milliarder</emphasis>—seks ganger det "
+"<emphasis>totale</emphasis> overskuddet til filmindustrien i 2001."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"impossible for him to work in many fields of technology for the rest of his "
"life. He refused. They made him understand that this process of being sued "
"was not going to be pleasant. (As Jesse's father recounted to me, the chief "
-"lawyer on the case, Matt Oppenheimer, told Jesse, \"You don't want to pay "
-"another visit to a dentist like me.\") And throughout, the RIAA insisted it "
-"would not settle the case until it took every penny Jesse had saved."
+"lawyer on the case, Matt Oppenheimer, told Jesse, <quote>You don't want to "
+"pay another visit to a dentist like me.</quote>) And throughout, the RIAA "
+"insisted it would not settle the case until it took every penny Jesse had "
+"saved."
msgstr ""
"RIAA ville at Jesse skulle innrømme at han hadde gjort noe galt. Han "
"nektet. De ville ha han til å godta en kjennelse som i praksis ville gjøre "
"det umulig for han å arbeide i mange områder innen teknologi for resten av "
"hans liv. Han nektet. De fikk han til å forstå at denne prosessen med å "
"bli saksøkt ikke kom til å bli hyggelig. (Som faren til Jesse refererte til "
-"meg, fortalte sjefsadvokaten på saken, Matt Oppenheimer, \"Du ønsker ikke et "
-"tannlegebesøk hos meg flere ganger\") Og gjennom det hele insisterte RIAA at "
-"de ikke ville inngå forlik før de hadde tatt hver eneste øre som Jesse hadde "
-"spart opp."
+"meg, fortalte sjefsadvokaten på saken, Matt Oppenheimer, <quote>Du ønsker "
+"ikke et tannlegebesøk hos meg flere ganger</quote>) Og gjennom det hele "
+"insisterte RIAA at de ikke ville inngå forlik før de hadde tatt hver eneste "
+"øre som Jesse hadde spart opp."
#. PAGE BREAK 65
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
-"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, A24."
+"Douglas Lichtman makes a related point in <quote>KaZaA and Punishment,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, A24."
msgstr ""
-"Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i \"KaZaA and Punishment,\" "
-"<citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, A24."
+"Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i <quote>KaZaA and Punishment,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>Wall Street Journal</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, A24."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Jesse's parents betray a certain pride in their reluctant activist. As his "
-"father told me, Jesse \"considers himself very conservative, and so do I. "
-"… He's not a tree hugger. … I think it's bizarre that they "
+"father told me, Jesse <quote>considers himself very conservative, and so do "
+"I. … He's not a tree hugger. … I think it's bizarre that they "
"would pick on him. But he wants to let people know that they're sending the "
-"wrong message. And he wants to correct the record.\""
+"wrong message. And he wants to correct the record.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Foreldrene til Jesse avslører en viss stolthet over deres motvillige "
-"aktivist. Som hans far fortalte meg, Jesse \"anser seg selv for å være "
+"aktivist. Som hans far fortalte meg, Jesse <quote>anser seg selv for å være "
"konservativ, og det samme gjør jeg. … Han er ingen treklemmer. "
"… Jeg synes det er sært at de ville lage bråk med ham. Men han "
"ønsker å la folk vite at de sender feil budskap. Og han ønsker å korrigere "
-"rullebladet.\""
+"rullebladet.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: \"Pirates\""
-msgstr "Kapittel fire: \"Pirater\""
+msgid "CHAPTER FOUR: <quote>Pirates</quote>"
+msgstr "Kapittel fire: <quote>Pirater</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"If \"piracy\" means using the creative property of others without their "
-"permission—if \"if value, then right\" is true—then the history "
-"of the content industry is a history of piracy. Every important sector of "
-"\"big media\" today—film, records, radio, and cable TV—was born "
-"of a kind of piracy so defined. The consistent story is how last "
-"generation's pirates join this generation's country club—until now."
+"If <quote>piracy</quote> means using the creative property of others without "
+"their permission—if <quote>if value, then right</quote> is true—"
+"then the history of the content industry is a history of piracy. Every "
+"important sector of <quote>big media</quote> today—film, records, "
+"radio, and cable TV—was born of a kind of piracy so defined. The "
+"consistent story is how last generation's pirates join this generation's "
+"country club—until now."
msgstr ""
-"Hvis \"piratkopiering\" betyr ved hjelp av kreative egenskapen til andre "
-"uten deres tillatelse—Hvis \"Hvis verdien, deretter høyre\" er "
-"sant— deretter historien av innhold industrien er en historie om "
-"piratkopiering. viktig sektor av \"store media\" i dag - filmen, poster, "
-"radio og kabel-tv—ble født av en form for piratkopiering derfor "
-"definert. konsekvent historien er hvordan siste generasjon pirater bli med "
-"denne generasjon country club—før nå."
+"Hvis <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> betyr å bruke den kreative eiendommen "
+"til andre uten deres tillatelse—hvis <quote>hvis verdi, så rettighet</"
+"quote> er sant—da er historien om innholdsindustrien en historie om "
+"piratvirksomhet. Hver eneste viktige sektor av <quote>store medier</quote> "
+"i dag—film, plater, radio og kabel-TV—kom fra en slags "
+"piratvirksomhet etter den definisjonen. Den konsekvente fortellingen er at "
+"forrige generasjon pirater blir del av denne generasjonens borgerskap—"
+"inntil nå."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Film"
msgid ""
"I am grateful to Peter DiMauro for pointing me to this extraordinary "
"history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
-"citetitle>, 87–93, which details Edison's \"adventures\" with "
-"copyright and patent. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"citetitle>, 87–93, which details Edison's <quote>adventures</quote> "
+"
with copyright and patent. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg er takknemlig til Peter DiMauro for å ha pekt meg i retning av denne "
"ekstraordinære historien. Se også Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights "
"and Copywrongs</citetitle>, 87–93, som forteller detaljer om Edisons "
-"\"eventyr\" med opphavsrett og patent. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>eventyr</quote> med opphavsrett og patent. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 67
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Creators and directors migrated from the East "
"Coast to California in the early twentieth century in part to escape "
"controls that patents granted the inventor of filmmaking, Thomas Edison. "
-"These controls were exercised through a monopoly \"trust,\" the Motion "
-"Pictures Patents Company, and were based on Thomas Edison's creative "
+"These controls were exercised through a monopoly <quote>trust,</quote> the "
+"Motion Pictures Patents Company, and were based on Thomas Edison's creative "
"property—patents. Edison formed the MPPC to exercise the rights this "
"creative property gave him, and the MPPC was serious about the control it "
"demanded."
msgstr ""
+"Filmindustrien i Hollywood var bygget av flyktende pirater.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Skapere og regisører migrerte fra østkysten til "
+"California tidlig i det tjuende århundret delvis for å slippe unna "
+"kontrollene som patenter ga oppfinneren av det å lage filmer, Thomas "
+"Edison. Disse kontrollene be utøvet gjennom et monopol-<quote>kartell</"
+"quote>, The Motion Pictures Patents company, og var basert på Tomhas Edisons "
+"kreative eierrettigheter—patenter. Edison stiftet MPPC for å utøve "
+"rettighetene som disse kreative eierrettighetene ga ham, og MPPC var seriøst "
+"med kontrollen de krevde."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "As one commentator tells one part of the story,"
-msgstr "som en kommentator forteller en del av historien,"
+msgstr "Som en kommentaror forteller en del av historien,"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A January 1909 deadline was set for all companies to comply with the "
"license. By February, unlicensed outlaws, who referred to themselves as "
"in full-swing, with producers and theater owners using illegal equipment and "
"imported film stock to create their own underground market."
msgstr ""
-"en tidsfrist for januar 1909 ble angitt for alle selskaper i samsvar med "
-"lisens. februar, ulisensiert outlaws, som henviste til seg selv som "
-"independents protesterte tillit og videreførte virksomhet uten å sende til "
-"edison-monopol. i løpet av 1909 sommeren var uavhengige bevegelsen i full-"
-"swing, med produsenter og teater eiere bruker ulovlig utstyr og importerte "
-"film lager til å lage sine egne underjordisk marked."
+"En tidsfrist ble satt til januar 1909 for alle selskaper å komme i samsvar "
+"med lisensen. Når februar kom, protesterte de ulisensierte fredløse, som "
+"refererte til seg selv som uavhengige, mot kartellet og fortsatte sin "
+"forretningsvirksomhet uten å bøye seg for Edisons monopol. Sommeren 1909 "
+"var bevegelsen med uavhenginge i full sving, med produsenter og kinoeiere "
+"som brukte ulovlig utstyr og importerte filmlager for å opprette sitt eget "
+"undergrunnsmarked."
#. f2
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"J. A. Aberdeen, <citetitle>Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent "
"Motion Picture Producers</citetitle> (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and "
-"expanded texts posted at \"The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion Picture "
-"Patents Company vs. the Independent Outlaws,\" available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a discussion of the "
-"economic motive behind both these limits and the limits imposed by Victor on "
-"phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, \"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: "
-"Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright"
-"\" (September 2002), University of Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program "
-"in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159."
+"expanded texts posted at <quote>The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion "
+"Picture Patents Company vs. the Independent Outlaws,</quote> available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #11</ulink>. For a "
+"discussion of the economic motive behind both these limits and the limits "
+"imposed by Victor on phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, <quote>From Edison "
+"to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the "
+"Propertization of Copyright</quote> (September 2002), University of Chicago "
+"Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and Economics, Working Paper No. "
+"159."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><indexterm><primary>
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
-"citetitle>, archived at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
+"Majority</citetitle>, archived at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #12</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Marc Wanamaker, \"The First Studios,\" <citetitle>The Silents Majority</"
-"citetitle>, arkivert på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#12</ulink>."
+"Marc Wanamaker, <quote>The First Studios,</quote> <citetitle>The Silents "
+"Majority</citetitle>, arkivert på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #12</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"The Napsters of those days, the \"independents,\" were companies like Fox. "
-"And no less than today, these independents were vigorously resisted. "
-"\"Shooting was disrupted by machinery stolen, and `accidents' resulting in "
-"loss of negatives, equipment, buildings and sometimes life and limb "
-"frequently occurred.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That led the "
-"independents to flee the East Coast. California was remote enough from "
-"Edison's reach that filmmakers there could pirate his inventions without "
-"fear of the law. And the leaders of Hollywood filmmaking, Fox most "
-"prominently, did just that."
+"The Napsters of those days, the <quote>independents,</quote> were companies "
+"like Fox. And no less than today, these independents were vigorously "
+"resisted. <quote>Shooting was disrupted by machinery stolen, and "
+"`accidents' resulting in loss of negatives, equipment, buildings and "
+"sometimes life and limb frequently occurred.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That led the independents to flee the East Coast. "
+"California was remote enough from Edison's reach that filmmakers there could "
+"pirate his inventions without fear of the law. And the leaders of Hollywood "
+"filmmaking, Fox most prominently, did just that."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 68
msgid ""
"Of course, California grew quickly, and the effective enforcement of federal "
"law eventually spread west. But because patents grant the patent holder a "
-"truly \"limited\" monopoly (just seventeen years at that time), by the time "
-"enough federal marshals appeared, the patents had expired. A new industry "
-"had been born, in part from the piracy of Edison's creative property."
+"truly <quote>limited</quote> monopoly (just seventeen years at that time), "
+"by the time enough federal marshals appeared, the patents had expired. A new "
+"industry had been born, in part from the piracy of Edison's creative "
+"property."
msgstr ""
"California vokste naturligvis raskt, og effektiv håndhevelse av føderale "
"lover spredte seg til slutt vestover. Men fordi patenter tildeler "
-"patentinnehaveren et i sannhet \"begrenset\" monopol (kun sytten år på den "
-"tiden), så patentene var utgått før nok føderale lovmenn dukket opp. En ny "
-"industri var født, delvis fra piratvirksomhet mot Edison's kreative "
-"rettigheter."
+"patentinnehaveren et i sannhet <quote>begrenset</quote> monopol (kun sytten "
+"år på den tiden), så patentene var utgått før nok føderale lovmenn dukket "
+"opp. En ny industri var født, delvis fra piratvirksomhet mot Edison's "
+"kreative rettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
msgid "Recorded Music"
msgstr "Russel, Phil"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the time that Edison and Henri Fourneaux invented machines for "
"reproducing music (Edison the phonograph, Fourneaux the player piano), the "
"law gave composers the exclusive right to control copies of their music and "
"the exclusive right to control public performances of their music. In other "
-"words, in 1900, if I wanted a copy of Phil Russel's 1899 hit \"Happy Mose,\" "
-"the law said I would have to pay for the right to get a copy of the musical "
-"score, and I would also have to pay for the right to perform it publicly."
-msgstr ""
-"på tiden at edison og henri fourneaux oppfunnet maskiner for å gjengi musikk "
-"(edison fonograf, fourneaux spiller piano), ga loven komponister den "
-"eksklusive retten til å kontrollere eksemplarer av deres musikk og den "
-"eksklusive retten til å kontrollere offentlig fremføring av musikken deres. "
-"med andre ord, i 1900, hvis jeg ønsket en kopi av phil russel's 1899 hit "
-"\"happy mose,\" loven sa jeg måtte betale for rett til å få en kopi av den "
-"musikalske poeng, og jeg vil også måtte betale for retten til å utføre det "
-"offentlig."
+"words, in 1900, if I wanted a copy of Phil Russel's 1899 hit <quote>Happy "
+"Mose,</quote> the law said I would have to pay for the right to get a copy "
+"of the musical score, and I would also have to pay for the right to perform "
+"it publicly."
+msgstr ""
+"På den tiden da Edison og Henri Fourneaux fant opp maskiner for å "
+"reprodusere musikk (Edison fonografen, Fourneaux det automatiske pianoet), "
+"gav loven komponister eksklusive rettigheter til å kontrollere kopier av "
+"deres musikk og eksklusive rettigheter til å kontrollere fremføringer av "
+"deres musikk. Med andre ord, i 1900, hvis jeg ønsket et kopi av Phil "
+"Russels populære låt <quote>Happy Mose</quote>, sa loven at jeg måtte betale "
+"for rettigheten til å få en kopi av notearkene, og jeg måtte også betale for "
+"å ha rett til å fremføre det offentlig."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Beatles"
msgstr "Beatles"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But what if I wanted to record \"Happy Mose,\" using Edison's phonograph or "
-"Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear enough that I "
-"would have to buy any copy of the musical score that I performed in making "
-"this recording. And it was clear enough that I would have to pay for any "
-"public performance of the work I was recording. But it wasn't totally clear "
-"that I would have to pay for a \"public performance\" if I recorded the song "
-"in my own house (even today, you don't owe the Beatles anything if you sing "
-"their songs in the shower), or if I recorded the song from memory (copies in "
-"your brain are not—yet— regulated by copyright law). So if I "
-"simply sang the song into a recording device in the privacy of my own home, "
-"it wasn't clear that I owed the composer anything. And more importantly, it "
-"wasn't clear whether I owed the composer anything if I then made copies of "
-"those recordings. Because of this gap in the law, then, I could effectively "
-"pirate someone else's song without paying its composer anything."
-msgstr ""
-"men hva om jeg ønsket å spille inn \"happy mose,\" ved hjelp av Edisons "
-"fonograf eller fourneaux's Pianola? Her snublet loven. Det var klar nok til "
-"at jeg må kjøpe alle kopier av musikalske poengsummen som jeg utførte i å "
-"gjøre denne innspillingen. og det var klart nok til at jeg måtte betale for "
-"eventuelle offentlig fremføring av arbeidet jeg var innspillingen. men det "
-"var ikke helt klart at jeg måtte betale for en \"offentlig fremføring\" Hvis "
-"jeg spilte sangen i mitt eget hus (selv i dag, du ikke skylder beatles noe "
-"hvis du synge sine sanger i dusjen), eller hvis jeg spilte sangen fra minnet "
-"(kopier i hjernen er ikke—ennå—regulert av lov om opphavsrett). "
-"så hvis jeg bare sang sangen til en innspillingsenhet i personvernet til "
-"mitt eget hjem, det ikke var klart at jeg skyldte komponisten noe. og enda "
-"viktigere, det var ikke klart om jeg skyldte komponisten noe hvis jeg gjort "
-"deretter Kopier av disse innspillinger. på grunn av dette hullet i loven, så "
-"kunne jeg effektivt pirat andres sang uten å betale sin komponist noe."
+"But what if I wanted to record <quote>Happy Mose,</quote> using Edison's "
+"phonograph or Fourneaux's player piano? Here the law stumbled. It was clear "
+"enough that I would have to buy any copy of the musical score that I "
+"performed in making this recording. And it was clear enough that I would "
+"have to pay for any public performance of the work I was recording. But it "
+"wasn't totally clear that I would have to pay for a <quote>public "
+"performance</quote> if I recorded the song in my own house (even today, you "
+"don't owe the Beatles anything if you sing their songs in the shower), or if "
+"I recorded the song from memory (copies in your brain are not—"
+"yet— regulated by copyright law). So if I simply sang the song into a "
+"recording device in the privacy of my own home, it wasn't clear that I owed "
+"the composer anything. And more importantly, it wasn't clear whether I owed "
+"the composer anything if I then made copies of those recordings. Because of "
+"this gap in the law, then, I could effectively pirate someone else's song "
+"without paying its composer anything."
+msgstr ""
+"Men hva hvis jeg ønsket å spille inn <quote>Happy Mose</quote> ved hjelp av "
+"Edisons fonograf eller Fourneaux automatiske piano? Her snublet loven. Det "
+"var klart nok at jeg måtte kjøpe en kopi av notene som jeg fremførte når jeg "
+"gjorde innspillingen. Og det var klart nok at jeg måtte betale for enhver "
+"offentlig fremførelse av verket jeg spilte inn. Men det var ikke helt klart "
+"at jeg måtte betale for en <quote>offentlig fremføring</quote> hvis jeg "
+"spilte inn sangen i mitt eget hus (selv i dag skylder du ingenting til "
+"Beatles hvis du synger en av deres sanger i dusjen), eller hvis jeg spilte "
+"inn sangen fra hukommelsen (kopier i din hjerne er ikke—ennå—"
+"regulert av opphavsrettsloven). Så hvis jeg ganske enkelt sang sangen inn i "
+"et innspillingsaparat i mitt eget hjem, så var det ikke klart at jeg skyldte "
+"komponisten noe. Og enda viktigere, det var ikke klart om jeg skyldte "
+"komponisten noe hvis jeg så laget kopier av disse innspillingene. På grunn "
+"av dette hullet i loven, sa kunne jeg i effekt røve noen andres sang uten å "
+"betale dets komponist noe."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Kittredge, Alfred"
msgstr "Kittredge, Alfred"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The composers (and publishers) were none too happy about this capacity to "
"pirate. As South Dakota senator Alfred Kittredge put it, <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"komponister (og utgivere) var ingen så glade om denne kapasiteten til pirat. "
-"som i Sør-dakota senator alfred sa kittredge,"
+"Komponistene (og utgiverne) var ikke veldig glade for denne kapasiteten til "
+"å røve. Som Senator Alfred Kittredge fra Sør-Dakota formulerte det,"
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
"without any regard for [their] rights.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
+"Forestill dere denne urettferdigheten. En komponist skriver en sang eller "
+"en opera. En utgiver kjøper til et høy sum rettighetene til denne, og "
+"registrerer opphavsretten til den. Så kommer de fonografiske selskapene og "
+"selskapene som skjærer musikk-ruller og med vitende og vilje stjeler "
+"arbeidet som kommer fra hjernet til komponisten og utgiveren uten å bry seg "
+"om [deres] rettigheter.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f5
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of "
"Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
msgstr ""
-"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 223 (setning av "
-"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
+"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (uttalelse fra "
+"Nathan Burkan, advokat for the Music Publishers Association)."
#. f6
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of "
"Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association)."
msgstr ""
-"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 226 (setning av "
-"nathan burkan, advokat for musikk publishers association)."
+"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (uttalelse fra "
+"Nathan Burkan, advokat for the Music Publishers Association)."
#. f7
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of "
"John Philip Sousa, composer)."
msgstr ""
-"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 23 (setning av "
-"john philip sousa, komponist)."
+"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (uttalelse fra "
+"John Philip Sousa, komponist)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The innovators who developed the technology to record other people's works "
-"were \"sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of American "
-"composers,\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and the \"music "
-"publishing industry\" was thereby \"at the complete mercy of this one pirate."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As John Philip Sousa put it, in "
-"as direct a way as possible, \"When they make money out of my pieces, I want "
-"a share of it.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"were <quote>sponging upon the toil, the work, the talent, and genius of "
+"American composers,</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and the "
+"<quote>music publishing industry</quote> was thereby <quote>at the complete "
+"mercy of this one pirate.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"As John Philip Sousa put it, in as direct a way as possible, <quote>When "
+"they make money out of my pieces, I want a share of it.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. f8
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283–84 "
"(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating "
"Company of New York)."
msgstr ""
-"endre og konsolidere handlinger som respekterer opphavsrett, 28384 (setning "
-"av albert walker, er representative for auto-musikk perforating selskapet i "
-"new york)."
+"To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283–84 "
+"(uttalelse fra Albert Walker, representant for the Auto-Music Perforating "
+"Company of New York)."
#. f9
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"These arguments have familiar echoes in the wars of our day. So, too, do the "
"arguments on the other side. The innovators who developed the player piano "
-"argued that \"it is perfectly demonstrable that the introduction of "
+"argued that <quote>it is perfectly demonstrable that the introduction of "
"automatic music players has not deprived any composer of anything he had "
-"before their introduction.\" Rather, the machines increased the sales of "
-"sheet music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In any case, the "
-"innovators argued, the job of Congress was \"to consider first the interest "
-"of [the public], whom they represent, and whose servants they are.\" \"All "
-"talk about `theft,'\" the general counsel of the American Graphophone "
-"Company wrote, \"is the merest claptrap, for there exists no property in "
-"ideas musical, literary or artistic, except as defined by statute."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"2\"/>"
+"before their introduction.</quote> Rather, the machines increased the sales "
+"
of sheet music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In any case, the "
+"innovators argued, the job of Congress was <quote>to consider first the "
+"interest of [the public], whom they represent, and whose servants they are.</"
+"quote> <quote>All talk about `theft,'</quote> the general counsel of the "
+"American Graphophone Company wrote, <quote>is the merest claptrap, for there "
+"exists no property in ideas musical, literary or artistic, except as defined "
+"by statute.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 70
msgid ""
"The law soon resolved this battle in favor of the composer <emphasis>and</"
"emphasis> the recording artist. Congress amended the law to make sure that "
-"composers would be paid for the \"mechanical reproductions\" of their music. "
-"But rather than simply granting the composer complete control over the right "
-"to make mechanical reproductions, Congress gave recording artists a right to "
-"record the music, at a price set by Congress, once the composer allowed it "
-"to be recorded once. This is the part of copyright law that makes cover "
-"songs possible. Once a composer authorizes a recording of his song, others "
-"are free to record the same song, so long as they pay the original composer "
-"a fee set by the law."
+"composers would be paid for the <quote>mechanical reproductions</quote> of "
+"their music. But rather than simply granting the composer complete control "
+"over the right to make mechanical reproductions, Congress gave recording "
+"artists a right to record the music, at a price set by Congress, once the "
+"composer allowed it to be recorded once. This is the part of copyright law "
+"that makes cover songs possible. Once a composer authorizes a recording of "
+"his song, others are free to record the same song, so long as they pay the "
+"original composer a fee set by the law."
msgstr ""
"loven løst snart denne kampen til fordel for komponisten og opptak "
"kunstneren. kongressen endret loven å sørge for at komponister ville bli "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"American law ordinarily calls this a \"compulsory license,\" but I will "
-"refer to it as a \"statutory license.\" A statutory license is a license "
-"whose key terms are set by law. After Congress's amendment of the Copyright "
-"Act in 1909, record companies were free to distribute copies of recordings "
-"so long as they paid the composer (or copyright holder) the fee set by the "
-"statute."
+"American law ordinarily calls this a <quote>compulsory license,</quote> but "
+"I will refer to it as a <quote>statutory license.</quote> A statutory "
+"license is a license whose key terms are set by law. After Congress's "
+"amendment of the Copyright Act in 1909, record companies were free to "
+"distribute copies of recordings so long as they paid the composer (or "
+"copyright holder) the fee set by the statute."
msgstr ""
"amerikansk lov vanligvis kaller dette en \"tvangslisens\", men jeg vil se "
"det som en \"lovbestemte lisens.\" en lovbestemte lisens er en lisens som "
msgstr "Radio"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Radio was also born of piracy."
-msgstr "Radio ble også født av piratkopiering."
+msgstr "Radio kom også fra piratvirksomhet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Hand, Learned"
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, sections 106 and 110. At "
-"the beginning, record companies printed \"Not Licensed for Radio Broadcast\" "
-"and other messages purporting to restrict the ability to play a record on a "
-"radio station. Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument that a warning "
-"attached to a record might restrict the rights of the radio station. See "
-"<citetitle>RCA Manufacturing Co</citetitle>. v. <citetitle>Whiteman</"
-"citetitle>, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also Randal C. Picker, \"From "
-"Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the "
-"Propertization of Copyright,\" <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</"
-"citetitle> 70 (2003): 281. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"the beginning, record companies printed <quote>Not Licensed for Radio "
+"Broadcast</quote> and other messages purporting to restrict the ability to "
+"play a record on a radio station. Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument "
+"that a warning attached to a record might restrict the rights of the radio "
+"station. See <citetitle>RCA Manufacturing Co</citetitle>. v. "
+"<citetitle>Whiteman</citetitle>, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also "
+"Randal C. Picker, <quote>From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of "
+"Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 281. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"se 17, united states code, inndelinger 106 og 110. på begynnelsen av, spille "
"inn selskapene skrives ut \"ikke lisensiert for radiosendingen\" og andre "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a \"public "
-"performance\" of the composer's work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
-"> As I described above, the law gives the composer (or copyright holder) an "
-"exclusive right to public performances of his work. The radio station thus "
-"owes the composer money for that performance."
+"When a radio station plays a record on the air, that constitutes a "
+"<quote>public performance</quote> of the composer's work.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As I described above, the law gives the composer (or "
+"copyright holder) an exclusive right to public performances of his work. "
+"The radio station thus owes the composer money for that performance."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
"But when the radio station plays a record, it is not only performing a copy "
"of the <emphasis>composer's</emphasis> work. The radio station is also "
"performing a copy of the <emphasis>recording artist's</emphasis> work. It's "
-"one thing to have \"Happy Birthday\" sung on the radio by the local "
-"children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung by the Rolling Stones "
-"or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the value of the "
+"one thing to have <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> sung on the radio by the "
+"local children's choir; it's quite another to have it sung by the Rolling "
+"Stones or Lyle Lovett. The recording artist is adding to the value of the "
"composition performed on the radio station. And if the law were perfectly "
"consistent, the radio station would have to pay the recording artist for his "
"work, just as it pays the composer of the music for his work. <placeholder "
msgstr "Madonna"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This difference can be huge. Imagine you compose a piece of music. Imagine "
"it is your first. You own the exclusive right to authorize public "
"performances of that music. So if Madonna wants to sing your song in public, "
"she has to get your permission."
msgstr ""
-"denne forskjellen kan være stor. Tenk du komponere musikk. forestille seg "
-"det er din første. du eier den eksklusive retten til å godkjenne "
-"teateroppsetninger av at musikk. så hvis madonna ønsker å synge sangen i det "
-"offentlige, hun har å bli din tillatelse."
+"Denne forskjellen kan bli stor. Forestill deg at du komponerer et stykke "
+"musikk. Se for deg at det er ditt første stykke. Du eier de eksklusive "
+"rettighetene til å godkjenne offentlig fremføring av den musikken. Så hvis "
+"Madonna ønsker å synge din sang offentlig, må hun få din tillatelse."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Imagine she does sing your song, and imagine she likes it a lot. She then "
"decides to make a recording of your song, and it becomes a top hit. Under "
"our law, every time a radio station plays your song, you get some money. But "
"Madonna gets nothing, save the indirect effect on the sale of her CDs. The "
-"public performance of her recording is not a \"protected\" right. The radio "
-"station thus gets to <emphasis>pirate</emphasis> the value of Madonna's work "
-"without paying her anything."
+"public performance of her recording is not a <quote>protected</quote> right. "
+"The radio station thus gets to <emphasis>pirate</emphasis> the value of "
+"Madonna's work without paying her anything."
msgstr ""
-"forestille hun gjør synge sangen, og forestille hun liker det mye. Hun "
-"deretter bestemmer seg for å gjøre en innspilling av sangen, og det blir en "
-"øverste treffet. under vår lov, hver gang en radiostasjon spiller sangen, "
-"kan du få noen penger. men madonna får ingenting, lagre den indirekte "
-"effekten på salget av hennes CDer. offentlig fremføring av hennes "
-"innspilling er ikke en \"beskyttet\" høyre. radiostasjonen får dermed pirat "
-"verdien av madonna's arbeid uten å betale henne noe."
+"Tenkt deg videre at hun synger din sang, og at hun liker den veldig godt. "
+"Hun bestemmer seg deretter for å spille inn sangen din, og den blir en "
+"populær hitlåt. Med vår lov vil du få litt penger hver gang en radiostasjon "
+"spiller din sang. Men Madonna får ingenting, fortsett fra de indirekte "
+"effektene fra salg av hennes CD-er. Den offentlige fremføringen av hennes "
+"innspilling er ikke en <quote>beskyttet</quote> rettighet. Radiostasjonen "
+"får dermed <emphasis>røve</emphasis> verdien av Madonnas arbeid uten å "
+"betale henne noen ting."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgstr "Kabel-TV"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Cable TV was also born of a kind of piracy."
-msgstr "kabel-tv ble også født av en form for piratkopiering."
+msgstr "Kabel-TV kom også fra en form for piratvirksomhet."
#. PAGE BREAK 73
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Broadcasters and copyright owners were quick to attack this theft. Rosel "
-"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of \"unfair and "
-"potentially destructive competition.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> There may have been a \"public interest\" in spreading the reach of "
-"cable TV, but as Douglas Anello, general counsel to the National Association "
-"of Broadcasters, asked Senator Quentin Burdick during testimony, \"Does "
-"public interest dictate that you use somebody else's property?\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As another broadcaster put it,"
+"Hyde, chairman of the FCC, viewed the practice as a kind of <quote>unfair "
+"and potentially destructive competition.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> There may have been a <quote>public interest</quote> in "
+"spreading the reach of cable TV, but as Douglas Anello, general counsel to "
+"the National Association of Broadcasters, asked Senator Quentin Burdick "
+"during testimony, <quote>Does public interest dictate that you use somebody "
+"else's property?</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> As another "
+"broadcaster put it,"
msgstr ""
#. f15
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"These were \"free-ride[rs],\" Screen Actor's Guild president Charlton Heston "
-"said, who were \"depriving actors of compensation.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"These were <quote>free-ride[rs],</quote> Screen Actor's Guild president "
+"Charlton Heston said, who were <quote>depriving actors of compensation.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Disse var \"gratispassasjerer\", sa presidenten Charlton Heston i Screen "
-"Actor's Guild, som \"tok lønna fra skuespillerne\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Disse var <quote>gratispassasjerer</quote>, sa presidenten Charlton Heston i "
+"Screen Actor's Guild, som <quote>tok lønna fra skuespillerne</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
msgstr "Zimmerman, Edwin"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M. Zimmerman, "
"acting assistant attorney general). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright lov revision—catv, 216 (setning av edwin m. Zimmerman "
-"fungerende assistent justisministeren)."
+"Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 216 (uttalelse fra Edwin M. Zimmerman, "
+"fungerende assisterende justisministeren). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It took Congress almost thirty years before it resolved the question of "
-"whether cable companies had to pay for the content they \"pirated.\" In the "
-"end, Congress resolved this question in the same way that it resolved the "
-"question about record players and player pianos. Yes, cable companies would "
-"have to pay for the content that they broadcast; but the price they would "
-"have to pay was not set by the copyright owner. The price was set by law, "
-"so that the broadcasters couldn't exercise veto power over the emerging "
-"technologies of cable. Cable companies thus built their empire in part upon "
-"a \"piracy\" of the value created by broadcasters' content."
+"whether cable companies had to pay for the content they <quote>pirated.</"
+"quote> In the end, Congress resolved this question in the same way that it "
+"resolved the question about record players and player pianos. Yes, cable "
+"companies would have to pay for the content that they broadcast; but the "
+"price they would have to pay was not set by the copyright owner. The price "
+"was set by law, so that the broadcasters couldn't exercise veto power over "
+"the emerging technologies of cable. Cable companies thus built their empire "
+"in part upon a <quote>piracy</quote> of the value created by broadcasters' "
+"content."
msgstr ""
"Det tok Kongressen nesten tretti år før det løst spørsmålet på om "
"kabelselskaper måtte betale for innholdet de \"piratkopiert.\" til slutt, "
"See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, <citetitle>The "
"Engine of Free Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free "
"Information</citetitle>, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #13</ulink>. \"The threat of piracy—the use of someone "
-"else's creative work without permission or compensation—has grown with "
-"the Internet.\""
+"notes/\">link #13</ulink>. <quote>The threat of piracy—the use of "
+"someone else's creative work without permission or compensation—has "
+"grown with the Internet.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"These separate stories sing a common theme. If \"piracy\" means using value "
-"from someone else's creative property without permission from that "
-"creator—as it is increasingly described today<placeholder type="
+"These separate stories sing a common theme. If <quote>piracy</quote> means "
+"using value from someone else's creative property without permission from "
+"
that creator—as it is increasingly described today<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> — then <emphasis>every</emphasis> industry "
"affected by copyright today is the product and beneficiary of a certain kind "
"of piracy. Film, records, radio, cable TV. … The list is long and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: \"Piracy\""
-msgstr "Kapittel fem: \"Piratvirksomhet\""
+msgid "CHAPTER FIVE: <quote>Piracy</quote>"
+msgstr "Kapittel fem: <quote>Piratvirksomhet</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of \"taking\" that is "
-"more directly related to the Internet. That taking, too, seems wrong to "
-"many, and it is wrong much of the time. Before we paint this taking \"piracy,"
-"\" however, we should understand its nature a bit more. For the harm of "
-"this taking is significantly more ambiguous than outright copying, and the "
-"law should account for that ambiguity, as it has so often done in the past."
+"But as well as copy-shop piracy, there is another kind of <quote>taking</"
+"quote> that is more directly related to the Internet. That taking, too, "
+"seems wrong to many, and it is wrong much of the time. Before we paint this "
+"taking <quote>piracy,</quote> however, we should understand its nature a bit "
+"more. For the harm of this taking is significantly more ambiguous than "
+"outright copying, and the law should account for that ambiguity, as it has "
+"so often done in the past."
msgstr ""
"men samt kopieringsfirma piratkopiering, det er en annen type \"tar\" som er "
"mer direkte relatert til Internett. det tar også, synes galt å mange, og det "
"det så ofte har gjort i fortiden."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy I"
-msgstr "piratkopiering jeg"
+msgstr "Piratvirksomhet I"
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
"See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), "
"<citetitle>The Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003</citetitle>, "
"July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#14</ulink>. See also Ben Hunt, \"Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk,\" "
-"<citetitle>Financial Times</citetitle>, 14 February 2003, 11."
+"#14</ulink>. See also Ben Hunt, <quote>Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>Financial Times</citetitle>, 14 February 2003, 11."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"For an analysis of the economic impact of copying technology, see Stan "
"Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network Economy</citetitle> (New York: "
-"Amacom, 2002), 144–90. \"In some instances … the impact of "
+"Amacom, 2002), 144–90. <quote>In some instances … the impact of "
"piracy on the copyright holder's ability to appropriate the value of the "
"work will be negligible. One obvious instance is the case where the "
"individual engaging in pirating would not have purchased an original even if "
-"pirating were not an option.\" Ibid., 149. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"pirating were not an option.</quote> Ibid., 149. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"for en analyse av økonomiske virkningen av kopiering teknologi, kan du se "
"stan liebowitz, rethinking nettverk økonomien (new york: amacom, 2002), 144"
"This is often true (though I have friends who have purchased many thousands "
"of pirated DVDs who certainly have enough money to pay for the content they "
"have taken), and it does mitigate to some degree the harm caused by such "
-"taking. Extremists in this debate love to say, \"You wouldn't go into Barnes "
-"& Noble and take a book off of the shelf without paying; why should it "
-"be any different with on-line music?\" The difference is, of course, that "
-"when you take a book from Barnes & Noble, it has one less book to sell. "
-"By contrast, when you take an MP3 from a computer network, there is not one "
-"less CD that can be sold. The physics of piracy of the intangible are "
-"different from the physics of piracy of the tangible."
+"taking. Extremists in this debate love to say, <quote>You wouldn't go into "
+"Barnes & Noble and take a book off of the shelf without paying; why "
+"should it be any different with on-line music?</quote> The difference is, of "
+"course, that when you take a book from Barnes & Noble, it has one less "
+"book to sell. By contrast, when you take an MP3 from a computer network, "
+"there is not one less CD that can be sold. The physics of piracy of the "
+"intangible are different from the physics of piracy of the tangible."
msgstr ""
"Dette er ofte til stede (skjønt jeg har venner som har kjøpt mange tusenvis "
"av piratkopiert DVD som absolutt har nok penger til å betale for innholdet "
"the terms under which content is shared. If the copyright owner doesn't want "
"to sell, she doesn't have to. There are exceptions: important statutory "
"licenses that apply to copyrighted content regardless of the wish of the "
-"copyright owner. Those licenses give people the right to \"take\" "
+"copyright owner. Those licenses give people the right to <quote>take</quote> "
"copyrighted content whether or not the copyright owner wants to sell. But "
"where the law does not give people the right to take content, it is wrong to "
"take that content even if the wrong does no harm. If we have a property "
"system, and that system is properly balanced to the technology of a time, "
"then it is wrong to take property without the permission of a property "
-"owner. That is exactly what \"property\" means."
+"owner. That is exactly what <quote>property</quote> means."
msgstr ""
"Dette argumentet er fortsatt veldig svak. men selv om opphavsrett er en "
"egenskap høyre i en veldig spesiell sortering, er det en egenskap som er "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, we could try to excuse this piracy with the argument that the "
-"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese \"steal\" "
-"Windows, that makes the Chinese dependent on Microsoft. Microsoft loses the "
-"value of the software that was taken. But it gains users who are used to "
-"life in the Microsoft world. Over time, as the nation grows more wealthy, "
-"more and more people will buy software rather than steal it. And hence over "
-"time, because that buying will benefit Microsoft, Microsoft benefits from "
-"the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the Chinese used the "
-"free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users would not "
-"eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft would "
-"lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
+"piracy actually helps the copyright owner. When the Chinese <quote>steal</"
+"quote> Windows, that makes the Chinese dependent on Microsoft. Microsoft "
+"loses the value of the software that was taken. But it gains users who are "
+"used to life in the Microsoft world. Over time, as the nation grows more "
+"wealthy, more and more people will buy software rather than steal it. And "
+"hence over time, because that buying will benefit Microsoft, Microsoft "
+"benefits from the piracy. If instead of pirating Microsoft Windows, the "
+"Chinese used the free GNU/Linux operating system, then these Chinese users "
+"would not eventually be buying Microsoft. Without piracy, then, Microsoft "
+"
would lose. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"But as the examples from the four chapters that introduced this part "
-"suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all \"piracy\" is. Or at "
-"least, not all \"piracy\" is wrong if that term is understood in the way it "
-"is increasingly used today. Many kinds of \"piracy\" are useful and "
-"productive, to produce either new content or new ways of doing business. "
-"Neither our tradition nor any tradition has ever banned all \"piracy\" in "
-"that sense of the term."
+"suggest, even if some piracy is plainly wrong, not all <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"is. Or at least, not all <quote>piracy</quote> is wrong if that term is "
+"understood in the way it is increasingly used today. Many kinds of "
+"<quote>piracy</quote> are useful and productive, to produce either new "
+"content or new ways of doing business. Neither our tradition nor any "
+"tradition has ever banned all <quote>piracy</quote> in that sense of the "
+"term."
msgstr ""
"men som eksempler fra fire kapitlene som innført denne del foreslå, selv om "
"noen piratkopiering er tydelig galt, ikke alle \"piratkopiering\" er. eller "
"overleve."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><title>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid "Piracy II"
-msgstr "piratkopiering ii"
+msgstr "Piratvirksomhet II"
#. f4
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 80
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"The key to the \"piracy\" that the law aims to quash is a use that \"rob[s] "
-"the author of [his] profit.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This "
-"means we must determine whether and how much p2p sharing harms before we "
-"know how strongly the law should seek to either prevent it or find an "
-"alternative to assure the author of his profit."
+"The key to the <quote>piracy</quote> that the law aims to quash is a use "
+"that <quote>rob[s] the author of [his] profit.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This means we must determine whether and how much "
+"p2p sharing harms before we know how strongly the law should seek to either "
+"prevent it or find an alternative to assure the author of his profit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Carolyn Lochhead, \"Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,\" "
-"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 September 2002, A1; "
-"\"Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,\" <citetitle>New Scientist</citetitle>, 6 July "
-"2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, \"Napster Names CEO, Secures New Financing,\" "
-"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 23 May 2003, C1; \"Napster's "
-"Wake-Up Call,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 24 June 2000, 23; John "
-"Naughton, \"Hollywood at War with the Internet\" (London) <citetitle>Times</"
+"See Carolyn Lochhead, <quote>Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 September 2002, "
+"A1; <quote>Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,</quote> <citetitle>New Scientist</"
+"citetitle>, 6 July 2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, <quote>Napster Names CEO, "
+"Secures New Financing,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</"
+"citetitle>, 23 May 2003, C1; <quote>Napster's Wake-Up Call,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 24 June 2000, 23; John Naughton, "
+"<quote>Hollywood at War with the Internet</quote> (London) <citetitle>Times</"
"citetitle>, 26 July 2002, 18."
msgstr ""
"se carolyn lochhead, \"silicon valley dream, hollywood mareritt\" san "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Amy Harmon, \"Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,\" "
+"Amy Harmon, <quote>Industry Offers a Carrot in Online Music Fight,</quote> "
"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 6 June 2003, A1."
msgstr ""
"Amy harmon, \"industri tilbyr en gulrot i online musikk kamp,\" new york "
"estimated that 43 million citizens used file-sharing networks to exchange "
"content in May 2003.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The vast "
"majority of these are not kids. Whatever the actual figure, a massive "
-"quantity of content is being \"taken\" on these networks. The ease and "
-"inexpensiveness of file-sharing networks have inspired millions to enjoy "
-"music in a way that they hadn't before."
+"quantity of content is being <quote>taken</quote> on these networks. The "
+"ease and inexpensiveness of file-sharing networks have inspired millions to "
+"enjoy music in a way that they hadn't before."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"among the most rewarding for many. Songs that were part of your childhood "
"but have long vanished from the marketplace magically appear again on the "
"network. (One friend told me that when she discovered Napster, she spent a "
-"solid weekend \"recalling\" old songs. She was astonished at the range and "
-"mix of content that was available.) For content not sold, this is still "
-"technically a violation of copyright, though because the copyright owner is "
-"not selling the content anymore, the economic harm is zero—the same "
-"harm that occurs when I sell my collection of 1960s 45-rpm records to a "
-"local collector."
+"solid weekend <quote>recalling</quote> old songs. She was astonished at the "
+"range and mix of content that was available.) For content not sold, this is "
+"still technically a violation of copyright, though because the copyright "
+"owner is not selling the content anymore, the economic harm is zero—"
+"the same harm that occurs when I sell my collection of 1960s 45-rpm records "
+"to a local collector."
msgstr ""
"Det er mange som bruk deling av nettverk for å få tilgang til "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet innhold som selges ikke lenger, eller at de ikke ville "
"type A sharing is. Just as Edison complained about Hollywood, composers "
"complained about piano rolls, recording artists complained about radio, and "
"broadcasters complained about cable TV, the music industry complains that "
-"type A sharing is a kind of \"theft\" that is \"devastating\" the industry."
+"type A sharing is a kind of <quote>theft</quote> that is <quote>devastating</"
+"quote> the industry."
msgstr ""
"om på saldo deling er skadelig avhenger av viktigere på hvordan skadelige "
"type en deling er. akkurat som edison klaget om hollywood, klaget "
"Music Industry's Business Model Crisis</citetitle> (2003), 3. This report "
"describes the music industry's effort to stigmatize the budding practice of "
"cassette taping in the 1970s, including an advertising campaign featuring a "
-"cassette-shape skull and the caption \"Home taping is killing music.\" At "
-"the time digital audio tape became a threat, the Office of Technical "
-"Assessment conducted a survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 percent of "
-"consumers older than ten had taped music to a cassette format. U.S. "
-"Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, <citetitle>Copyright and Home "
+"cassette-shape skull and the caption <quote>Home taping is killing music.</"
+"quote> At the time digital audio tape became a threat, the Office of "
+"Technical Assessment conducted a survey of consumer behavior. In 1988, 40 "
+"percent of consumers older than ten had taped music to a cassette format. U."
+"S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, <citetitle>Copyright and Home "
"Copying: Technology Challenges the Law</citetitle>, OTA-CIT-422 (Washington, "
"D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 1989), 145–56."
msgstr ""
"While the numbers do suggest that sharing is harmful, how harmful is harder "
"to reckon. It has long been the recording industry's practice to blame "
"technology for any drop in sales. The history of cassette recording is a "
-"good example. As a study by Cap Gemini Ernst & Young put it, \"Rather "
-"than exploiting this new, popular technology, the labels fought it."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The labels claimed that every "
-"album taped was an album unsold, and when record sales fell by 11.4 percent "
-"in 1981, the industry claimed that its point was proved. Technology was the "
-"problem, and banning or regulating technology was the answer."
+"good example. As a study by Cap Gemini Ernst & Young put it, "
+"<quote>Rather than exploiting this new, popular technology, the labels "
+"fought it.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The labels "
+"claimed that every album taped was an album unsold, and when record sales "
+"fell by 11.4 percent in 1981, the industry claimed that its point was "
+"proved. Technology was the problem, and banning or regulating technology was "
+"the answer."
msgstr ""
#. f11
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Yet soon thereafter, and before Congress was given an opportunity to enact "
-"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. \"In "
-"the end,\" Cap Gemini concludes, \"the `crisis' … was not the fault "
-"of the tapers—who did not [stop after MTV came into being]—but "
-"had to a large extent resulted from stagnation in musical innovation at the "
-"major labels.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"regulation, MTV was launched, and the industry had a record turnaround. "
+"<quote>In the end,</quote> Cap Gemini concludes, <quote>the `crisis' "
+"… was not the fault of the tapers—who did not [stop after MTV "
+"came into being]—but had to a large extent resulted from stagnation in "
+"musical innovation at the major labels.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"We start to answer this question by focusing on the net harm, from the "
"standpoint of the industry as a whole, that sharing networks cause. The "
-"\"net harm\" to the industry as a whole is the amount by which type A "
-"sharing exceeds type B. If the record companies sold more records through "
-"sampling than they lost through substitution, then sharing networks would "
-"actually benefit music companies on balance. They would therefore have "
+"<quote>net harm</quote> to the industry as a whole is the amount by which "
+"type A sharing exceeds type B. If the record companies sold more records "
+"through sampling than they lost through substitution, then sharing networks "
+"would actually benefit music companies on balance. They would therefore have "
"little <emphasis>static</emphasis> reason to resist them."
msgstr ""
"Vi begynner å svare på dette spørsmålet ved å fokusere på netto skade, fra "
"notes/\">link #15</ulink>. A later report indicates even greater losses. See "
"Recording Industry Association of America, <citetitle>Some Facts About Music "
"Piracy</citetitle>, 25 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #16</ulink>: \"In the past four years, unit "
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #16</ulink>: <quote>In the past four years, unit "
"shipments of recorded music have fallen by 26 percent from 1.16 billion "
"units in to 860 million units in 2002 in the United States (based on units "
"shipped). In terms of sales, revenues are down 14 percent, from $14.6 "
"billion in to $12.6 billion last year (based on U.S. dollar value of "
"shipments). The music industry worldwide has gone from a $39 billion "
"industry in 2000 down to a $32 billion industry in 2002 (based on U.S. "
-"dollar value of shipments).\""
+"dollar value of shipments).</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13 February "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #17</"
-"ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
+"13 February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"
\">link #17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13. februar "
+"Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record</quote>, BusinessWeek online, 13. februar "
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
"causes that could account for this drop. SoundScan, for example, reports a "
"more than 20 percent drop in the number of CDs released since 1999. That no "
"doubt accounts for some of the decrease in sales. Rising prices could "
-"account for at least some of the loss. \"From 1999 to 2001, the average "
-"price of a CD rose 7.2 percent, from $13.04 to $14.19.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Competition from other forms of media could also "
-"account for some of the decline. As Jane Black of <citetitle>BusinessWeek</"
-"citetitle> notes, \"The soundtrack to the film <citetitle>High Fidelity</"
-"citetitle> has a list price of $18.98. You could get the whole movie [on "
-"DVD] for $19.99.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"account for at least some of the loss. <quote>From 1999 to 2001, the average "
+"price of a CD rose 7.2 percent, from $13.04 to $14.19.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Competition from other forms of media could "
+"also account for some of the decline. As Jane Black of "
+"<citetitle>BusinessWeek</citetitle> notes, <quote>The soundtrack to the film "
+"<citetitle>High Fidelity</citetitle> has a list price of $18.98. You could "
+"get the whole movie [on DVD] for $19.99.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 84
msgid ""
"There are too many different things happening at the same time to explain "
"these numbers definitively, but one conclusion is unavoidable: The recording "
-"industry constantly asks, \"What's the difference between downloading a song "
-"and stealing a CD?\"—but their own numbers reveal the difference. If I "
-"steal a CD, then there is one less CD to sell. Every taking is a lost sale. "
-"But on the basis of the numbers the RIAA provides, it is absolutely clear "
-"that the same is not true of downloads. If every download were a lost "
-"sale—if every use of Kazaa \"rob[bed] the author of [his] profit"
-"\"—then the industry would have suffered a 100 percent drop in sales "
-"last year, not a 7 percent drop. If 2.6 times the number of CDs sold were "
-"downloaded for free, and yet sales revenue dropped by just 6.7 percent, then "
-"there is a huge difference between \"downloading a song and stealing a CD.\""
+"industry constantly asks, <quote>What's the difference between downloading a "
+"song and stealing a CD?</quote>—but their own numbers reveal the "
+"difference. If I steal a CD, then there is one less CD to sell. Every taking "
+"is a lost sale. But on the basis of the numbers the RIAA provides, it is "
+"absolutely clear that the same is not true of downloads. If every download "
+"were a lost sale—if every use of Kazaa <quote>rob[bed] the author of "
+"[his] profit</quote>—then the industry would have suffered a 100 "
+"percent drop in sales last year, not a 7 percent drop. If 2.6 times the "
+"number of CDs sold were downloaded for free, and yet sales revenue dropped "
+"by just 6.7 percent, then there is a huge difference between "
+"<quote>downloading a song and stealing a CD.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Det er for mange forskjellige ting skjer samtidig å forklare disse tallene "
"definitively, men en konklusjon er uunngåelig: recording industry stadig "
"Quiet Revolution: The Expansion of the Used Book Market</citetitle> (2002), "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #19</ulink>. "
"Used records accounted for $260 million in sales in 2002. See National "
-"Association of Recording Merchandisers, \"2002 Annual Survey Results,\" "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</ulink>."
+"Association of Recording Merchandisers, <quote>2002 Annual Survey Results,</"
+"quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #20</"
+"ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"available isn't making money from making the content available. It is also "
"different, of course, because in real space, when I sell a record, I don't "
"have it anymore, while in cyberspace, when someone shares my 1949 recording "
-"of Bernstein's \"Two Love Songs,\" I still have it. That difference would "
-"matter economically if the owner of the copyright were selling the record in "
-"competition to my sharing. But we're talking about the class of content that "
-"is not currently commercially available. The Internet is making it "
-"available, through cooperative sharing, without competing with the market."
+"of Bernstein's <quote>Two Love Songs,</quote> I still have it. That "
+"difference would matter economically if the owner of the copyright were "
+"selling the record in competition to my sharing. But we're talking about the "
+"class of content that is not currently commercially available. The Internet "
+"is making it available, through cooperative sharing, without competing with "
+"the market."
msgstr ""
"type c deling, deretter er veldig mye som brukte boken lagrer eller brukes "
"posten butikker. Det er forskjellige, naturligvis, fordi personen å gjøre "
"for example, released his first novel, <citetitle>Down and Out in the Magic "
"Kingdom</citetitle>, both free on-line and in bookstores on the same day. "
"His (and his publisher's) thinking was that the on-line distribution would "
-"be a great advertisement for the \"real\" book. People would read part on-"
-"line, and then decide whether they liked the book or not. If they liked it, "
-"they would be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's content is type D content. "
-"If sharing networks enable his work to be spread, then both he and society "
-"are better off. (Actually, much better off: It is a great book!)"
+"be a great advertisement for the <quote>real</quote> book. People would read "
+"part on-line, and then decide whether they liked the book or not. If they "
+"liked it, they would be more likely to buy it. Doctorow's content is type D "
+"content. If sharing networks enable his work to be spread, then both he and "
+"society are better off. (Actually, much better off: It is a great book!)"
msgstr ""
"til slutt, og kanskje viktigst, tillater fildelings-nettverk typen d deling "
"oppstår—deling av innhold som eiere av opphavsretter vil har delt "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point throughout is this: While the recording industry understandably "
-"says, \"This is how much we've lost,\" we must also ask, \"How much has "
-"society gained from p2p sharing? What are the efficiencies? What is the "
-"content that otherwise would be unavailable?\""
+"says, <quote>This is how much we've lost,</quote> we must also ask, "
+"<quote>How much has society gained from p2p sharing? What are the "
+"efficiencies? What is the content that otherwise would be unavailable?</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
"det hele er dette: mens recording industry forståelig sier, \"Dette er hvor "
"mye vi har mistet,\" må vi også stille, \"hvor mye har samfunnet fra p2p "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For unlike the piracy I described in the first section of this chapter, much "
-"of the \"piracy\" that file sharing enables is plainly legal and good. And "
-"like the piracy I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber"
-"\" linkend=\"pirates\"/>, much of this piracy is motivated by a new way of "
-"spreading content caused by changes in the technology of distribution. Thus, "
-"consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, radio, the recording "
-"industry, and cable TV, the question we should be asking about file sharing "
-"is how best to preserve its benefits while minimizing (to the extent "
-"possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The question is one of "
-"balance. The law should seek that balance, and that balance will be found "
-"only with time."
+"of the <quote>piracy</quote> that file sharing enables is plainly legal and "
+"good. And like the piracy I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: "
+"labelnumber\" linkend=\"pirates\"/>, much of this piracy is motivated by a "
+"new way of spreading content caused by changes in the technology of "
+"distribution. Thus, consistent with the tradition that gave us Hollywood, "
+"radio, the recording industry, and cable TV, the question we should be "
+"asking about file sharing is how best to preserve its benefits while "
+"minimizing (to the extent possible) the wrongful harm it causes artists. The "
+"question is one of balance. The law should seek that balance, and that "
+"balance will be found only with time."
msgstr ""
"for i motsetning til piratkopiering jeg beskrevet i den første delen av "
"dette kapitlet, er mye av \"piratkopiering\" det arkiv deler aktiverer "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"\"But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the target "
-"just what you call type A sharing?\""
+"<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
+"target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Men er ikke krigen bare en krig mot ulovlig deling? Er ikke angrepsmålet "
-"bare det du kaller type A-deling?"
+"<quote>Men er ikke krigen bare en krig mot ulovlig deling? Er ikke angrepsmålet "
+"bare det du kaller type-A-deling?</quote>"
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
"When Napster told the district court that it had developed a technology to "
"block the transfer of 99.4 percent of identified infringing material, the "
"district court told counsel for Napster 99.4 percent was not good enough. "
-"Napster had to push the infringements \"down to zero.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Napster had to push the infringements <quote>down to zero.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"So, as we've seen, when \"mechanical reproduction\" threatened the interests "
-"of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers against the "
-"interests of the recording industry. It granted rights to composers, but "
-"also to the recording artists: Composers were to be paid, but at a price set "
-"by Congress. But when radio started broadcasting the recordings made by "
-"these recording artists, and they complained to Congress that their "
-"\"creative property\" was not being respected (since the radio station did "
-"not have to pay them for the creativity it broadcast), Congress rejected "
-"their claim. An indirect benefit was enough."
+"So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
+"the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
+"against the interests of the recording industry. It granted rights to "
+"composers, but also to the recording artists: Composers were to be paid, but "
+"at a price set by Congress. But when radio started broadcasting the "
+"recordings made by these recording artists, and they complained to Congress "
+"that their <quote>creative property</quote> was not being respected (since "
+"the radio station did not have to pay them for the creativity it broadcast), "
+"Congress rejected their claim. An indirect benefit was enough."
msgstr ""
"så, som vi har sett, når \"mekaniske reproduksjon\" truet interessene til "
"komponister, Kongressen balansert rettigheter mot interessene til "
"produced, the Betamax. Disney's and Universal's claim against Sony was "
"relatively simple: Sony produced a device, Disney and Universal claimed, "
"that enabled consumers to engage in copyright infringement. Because the "
-"device that Sony built had a \"record\" button, the device could be used to "
-"record copyrighted movies and shows. Sony was therefore benefiting from the "
-"copyright infringement of its customers. It should therefore, Disney and "
-"Universal claimed, be partially liable for that infringement."
+"device that Sony built had a <quote>record</quote> button, the device could "
+"be used to record copyrighted movies and shows. Sony was therefore "
+"benefiting from the copyright infringement of its customers. It should "
+"therefore, Disney and Universal claimed, be partially liable for that "
+"infringement."
msgstr ""
"samme år at Kongressen traff denne balansen, to store produsenter og "
"distributører av filmen innhold anlagt en sak mot en annen teknologi, video "
"design its machine to make it very simple to record television shows. It "
"could have built the machine to block or inhibit any direct copying from a "
"television broadcast. Or possibly, it could have built the machine to copy "
-"only if there were a special \"copy me\" signal on the line. It was clear "
-"that there were many television shows that did not grant anyone permission "
-"to copy. Indeed, if anyone had asked, no doubt the majority of shows would "
-"not have authorized copying. And in the face of this obvious preference, "
-"Sony could have designed its system to minimize the opportunity for "
-"copyright infringement. It did not, and for that, Disney and Universal "
+"only if there were a special <quote>copy me</quote> signal on the line. It "
+"was clear that there were many television shows that did not grant anyone "
+"permission to copy. Indeed, if anyone had asked, no doubt the majority of "
+"shows would not have authorized copying. And in the face of this obvious "
+"preference, Sony could have designed its system to minimize the opportunity "
+"for copyright infringement. It did not, and for that, Disney and Universal "
"wanted to hold it responsible for the architecture it chose."
msgstr ""
"Det var noe til disney's og universal's krav. Sony bestemmer deg for å "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"MPAA president Jack Valenti became the studios' most vocal champion. Valenti "
-"called VCRs \"tapeworms.\" He warned, \"When there are 20, 30, 40 million of "
-"these VCRs in the land, we will be invaded by millions of `tapeworms,' "
-"eating away at the very heart and essence of the most precious asset the "
-"copyright owner has, his copyright.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
-"> \"One does not have to be trained in sophisticated marketing and creative "
-"judgment,\" he told Congress, \"to understand the devastation on the after-"
-"theater marketplace caused by the hundreds of millions of tapings that will "
-"adversely impact on the future of the creative community in this country. It "
-"is simply a question of basic economics and plain common sense."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Indeed, as surveys would later "
-"show, percent of VCR owners had movie libraries of ten videos or "
-"more<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> — a use the Court would "
-"later hold was not \"fair.\" By \"allowing VCR owners to copy freely by the "
-"means of an exemption from copyright infringementwithout creating a "
-"mechanism to compensate copyrightowners,\" Valenti testified, Congress would "
-"\"take from the owners the very essence of their property: the exclusive "
-"right to control who may use their work, that is, who may copy it and "
-"thereby profit from its reproduction.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"3\"/>"
+"called VCRs <quote>tapeworms.</quote> He warned, <quote>When there are 20, "
+"30, 40 million of these VCRs in the land, we will be invaded by millions of "
+"`tapeworms,' eating away at the very heart and essence of the most precious "
+"asset the copyright owner has, his copyright.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <quote>One does not have to be trained in "
+"sophisticated marketing and creative judgment,</quote> he told Congress, "
+"<quote>to understand the devastation on the after-theater marketplace caused "
+"by the hundreds of millions of tapings that will adversely impact on the "
+"future of the creative community in this country. It is simply a question of "
+"basic economics and plain common sense.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"1\"/> Indeed, as surveys would later show, percent of VCR owners had "
+"movie libraries of ten videos or more<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/"
+"> — a use the Court would later hold was not <quote>fair.</quote> By "
+"<quote>allowing VCR owners to copy freely by the means of an exemption from "
+"copyright infringementwithout creating a mechanism to compensate "
+"copyrightowners,</quote> Valenti testified, Congress would <quote>take from "
+"the owners the very essence of their property: the exclusive right to "
+"control who may use their work, that is, who may copy it and thereby profit "
+"from its reproduction.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. f22
"It took eight years for this case to be resolved by the Supreme Court. In "
"the interim, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which includes Hollywood in "
"its jurisdiction—leading Judge Alex Kozinski, who sits on that court, "
-"refers to it as the \"Hollywood Circuit\"—held that Sony would be "
-"liable for the copyright infringement made possible by its machines. Under "
-"the Ninth Circuit's rule, this totally familiar technology—which Jack "
-"Valenti had called \"the Boston Strangler of the American film industry"
-"\" (worse yet, it was a <emphasis>Japanese</emphasis> Boston Strangler of "
-"the American film industry)—was an illegal technology.<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"refers to it as the <quote>Hollywood Circuit</quote>—held that Sony "
+"would be liable for the copyright infringement made possible by its "
+"machines. Under the Ninth Circuit's rule, this totally familiar "
+"technology—which Jack Valenti had called <quote>the Boston Strangler "
+"of the American film industry</quote> (worse yet, it was a "
+"<emphasis>Japanese</emphasis> Boston Strangler of the American film industry)"
+"—was an illegal technology.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 90
msgid ""
"Congress was asked to respond to the Supreme Court's decision. But as with "
"the plea of recording artists about radio broadcasts, Congress ignored the "
-"request. Congress was convinced that American film got enough, this \"taking"
-"\" notwithstanding. If we put these cases together, a pattern is clear:"
+"request. Congress was convinced that American film got enough, this "
+"<quote>taking</quote> notwithstanding. If we put these cases together, a "
+"pattern is clear:"
msgstr ""
"Kongressen ble bedt om å svare på den Høyesterett beslutningen. men som med "
"appell av artister om radiosendinger, Kongressen ignorert forespørselen. "
msgstr "Tilfelle"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS \"PIRATED\""
-msgstr "Hvems verdi ble \"røvet\""
+msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
+msgstr "Hvems verdi ble <quote>røvet</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
"<citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>), Pub. L. No. 102-563, 106 Stat. "
"4237, codified at 17 U.S.C. §1001. Again, however, this regulation did not "
"eliminate the opportunity for free riding in the sense I've described. See "
-"Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 71. See also Picker, \"From Edison to "
-"the Broadcast Flag,\" <citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</"
-"citetitle> 70 (2003): 293–96. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-"\"0\"/>"
+"Lessig, <citetitle>Future</citetitle>, 71. See also Picker, <quote>From "
+"Edison to the Broadcast Flag,</quote> <citetitle>University of Chicago Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 293–96. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"disse er de viktigste forekomstene i vår historie, men det finnes andre "
"tilfeller også. teknologi for digital audio tape (dat), for eksempel var "
msgid ""
"In each case throughout our history, a new technology changed the way "
"content was distributed.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In each "
-"case, throughout our history, that change meant that someone got a \"free "
-"ride\" on someone else's work."
+"case, throughout our history, that change meant that someone got a "
+"<quote>free ride</quote> on someone else's work."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 91
"Congress eliminate all free riding. In <emphasis>none</emphasis> of these "
"cases did the courts or Congress insist that the law should assure that the "
"copyright holder get all the value that his copyright created. In every "
-"case, the copyright owners complained of \"piracy.\" In every case, Congress "
-"acted to recognize some of the legitimacy in the behavior of the \"pirates."
-"\" In each case, Congress allowed some new technology to benefit from "
-"content made before. It balanced the interests at stake."
+"case, the copyright owners complained of <quote>piracy.</quote> In every "
+"case, Congress acted to recognize some of the legitimacy in the behavior of "
+"the <quote>pirates.</quote> In each case, Congress allowed some new "
+"technology to benefit from content made before. It balanced the interests at "
+"stake."
msgstr ""
"Ingen av disse tilfellene enten domstoler eller Kongressen eliminere alle "
"gratis ridning. Ingen av disse tilfellene gjorde domstoler eller Kongressen "
msgid ""
"We could answer yes to each of these questions, but our tradition has "
"answered no. In our tradition, as the Supreme Court has stated, copyright "
-"\"has never accorded the copyright owner complete control over all possible "
-"uses of his work.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Instead, the "
-"particular uses that the law regulates have been defined by balancing the "
-"good that comes from granting an exclusive right against the burdens such an "
-"exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically been done "
-"<emphasis>after</emphasis> a technology has matured, or settled into the mix "
-"of technologies that facilitate the distribution of content."
+"<quote>has never accorded the copyright owner complete control over all "
+"possible uses of his work.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Instead, the particular uses that the law regulates have been defined by "
+"balancing the good that comes from granting an exclusive right against the "
+"burdens such an exclusive right creates. And this balancing has historically "
+"been done <emphasis>after</emphasis> a technology has matured, or settled "
+"into the mix of technologies that facilitate the distribution of content."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"We should be doing the same thing today. The technology of the Internet is "
"changing quickly. The way people connect to the Internet (wires vs. "
"wireless) is changing very quickly. No doubt the network should not become a "
-"tool for \"stealing\" from artists. But neither should the law become a tool "
-"to entrench one particular way in which artists (or more accurately, "
-"distributors) get paid. As I describe in some detail in the last chapter of "
-"this book, we should be securing income to artists while we allow the market "
-"to secure the most efficient way to promote and distribute content. This "
-"will require changes in the law, at least in the interim. These changes "
-"should be designed to balance the protection of the law against the strong "
-"public interest that innovation continue."
+"tool for <quote>stealing</quote> from artists. But neither should the law "
+"become a tool to entrench one particular way in which artists (or more "
+"accurately, distributors) get paid. As I describe in some detail in the last "
+"chapter of this book, we should be securing income to artists while we allow "
+"the market to secure the most efficient way to promote and distribute "
+"content. This will require changes in the law, at least in the interim. "
+"These changes should be designed to balance the protection of the law "
+"against the strong public interest that innovation continue."
msgstr ""
"Vi bør gjøre samme i dag. teknologien for Internett endrer seg raskt. endrer "
"måten brukere koble seg til Internett (ledninger vs. trådløs) svært raskt. "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"John Schwartz, \"New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software Echoes "
-"Past Efforts,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 September 2003, C3."
+"John Schwartz, <quote>New Economy: The Attack on Peer-to-Peer Software "
+"Echoes Past Efforts,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 22 "
+"September 2003, C3."
msgstr ""
"John schwartz, \"nye økonomien: angrepet på node-til-node-programvare "
"reflekterer forbi innsats,\" new york times, 22 september 2003, c3."
"of distribution. And this p2p has done. P2p technologies can be ideally "
"efficient in moving content across a widely diverse network. Left to "
"develop, they could make the network vastly more efficient. Yet these "
-"\"potential public benefits,\" as John Schwartz writes in <citetitle>The New "
-"York Times</citetitle>, \"could be delayed in the P2P fight.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone begins to talk about \"balance,"
-"\" the copyright warriors raise a different argument. \"All this hand waving "
-"about balance and incentives,\" they say, \"misses a fundamental point. Our "
-"content,\" the warriors insist, \"is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why "
-"should we wait for Congress to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have "
-"to wait before calling the police when your car has been stolen? And why "
-"should Congress deliberate at all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask "
-"whether the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?\""
+"<quote>potential public benefits,</quote> as John Schwartz writes in "
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>, <quote>could be delayed in the "
+"P2P fight.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Yet when anyone "
+"begins to talk about <quote>balance,</quote> the copyright warriors raise a "
+"different argument. <quote>All this hand waving about balance and incentives,"
+"</quote> they say, <quote>misses a fundamental point. Our content,</quote> "
+"the warriors insist, <quote>is our <emphasis>property</emphasis>. Why should "
+"we wait for Congress to `rebalance' our property rights? Do you have to wait "
+"before calling the police when your car has been stolen? And why should "
+"Congress deliberate at all about the merits of this theft? Do we ask whether "
+"the car thief had a good use for the car before we arrest him?</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"\"It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,\" the warriors insist. \"And it "
-"should be protected just as any other property is protected.\""
+"<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors insist. "
+"<quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is protected.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Det er <emphasis>vår eiendom</emphasis>,\" insisterer krigerne. \"og den "
-"bør være beskyttet på samme måte som all annen eiendom er beskyttet.\""
+"<quote>Det er <emphasis>vår eiendom</emphasis>,</quote> insisterer krigerne. <quote>og den "
+"bør være beskyttet på samme måte som all annen eiendom er beskyttet.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
-msgid "\"PROPERTY\""
-msgstr "\"Eiendom\""
+msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
+msgstr "<quote>Eiendom</quote>"
#. PAGE BREAK 94
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
"kan få."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a \"property\" right is a bit "
-"misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of property. "
-"Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any expression is very odd. "
-"I understand what I am taking when I take the picnic table you put in your "
-"backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic table, and after I take it, you "
-"don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good <emphasis>idea</"
-"emphasis> you had to put a picnic table in the backyard—by, for "
-"example, going to Sears, buying a table, and putting it in my backyard? What "
-"is the thing I am taking then?"
-msgstr ""
-"men i vanlig språk, å ringe en copyright \"property\" høyre er litt "
-"misvisende, for copyright-egenskapen er en odde type bolig. selve idéen om "
-"eiendom i noen idé eller et annet uttrykk er faktisk svært ulike. Jeg "
-"forstår hva jeg tar når jeg tar picnic bord du innlegge din bakgård. Jeg tar "
-"en ting, picnic bord, og etter at jeg tar det, du har ikke det. men hva jeg "
-"ta når jeg tar god idé du måtte sette en picnic bord i bakgården—av, "
-"for eksempel skal sears, kjøpe en tabell, og sette det i min bakgård? Hva er "
-"det jeg tar deretter?"
+"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
+"right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
+"property. Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any expression "
+"is very odd. I understand what I am taking when I take the picnic table you "
+"put in your backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic table, and after I "
+"take it, you don't have it. But what am I taking when I take the good "
+"<emphasis>idea</emphasis> you had to put a picnic table in the "
+"backyard—by, for example, going to Sears, buying a table, and putting "
+"it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking then?"
+msgstr ""
+"Men i vanlig språk er det å kalle opphavsrett for en <quote>eiendoms</quote>-rett litt "
+"misvisende, for eindommen i opphavsretten er en merkelig type eiendom. "
+"Selve ideen om eienrettigheter til en ide eller et uttrykk er nemlig veldig "
+"merkelig. Jeg forstår hva jeg tar når jeg tar en picnic-bord som du "
+"plasserte i din bakhage. Jeg tar en ting, picnic-bokrdet, og etter at jeg "
+"tar det har ikke du det. Men hva tar jeg når jeg tar den gode "
+"<emphasis>ideen</emphasis> som du hadde om å plassere picnic-bordet i "
+"bakhagen—ved å for eksempel dra til butikken Sears, kjøpe et bord, og "
+"plassere det i min egen bakhage? Hva er tingen jeg tar da?"
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
"anything from you when I copy the way you dress—though I might seem "
"weird if I did it every day, and especially weird if you are a woman. "
"Instead, as Thomas Jefferson said (and as is especially true when I copy the "
-"way someone else dresses), \"He who receives an idea from me, receives "
+"way someone else dresses), <quote>He who receives an idea from me, receives "
"instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at "
-"mine, receives light without darkening me.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"mine, receives light without darkening me.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The exceptions to free use are ideas and expressions within the reach of the "
"law of patent and copyright, and a few other domains that I won't discuss "
"here. Here the law says you can't take my idea or expression without my "
"permission: The law turns the intangible into property."
msgstr ""
-"unntakene til fri bruk er idéer og uttrykk innenfor rekkevidden av loven om "
-"patent og opphavsrett, og noen andre domener som jeg ikke diskutere her. Her "
-"loven sier du ikke kan ta min idé eller uttrykk uten min tillatelse: loven "
-"blir immaterielle eiendom."
+"Unntakene til fri bruk er ideer og uttrykk innenfor dekningsområdet til "
+"loven om patent og opphavsrett, og noen få andre områder som jeg ikke vil "
+"diskutere her. Her sier loven at du ikke kan ta min ide eller uttrykk uten "
+"min tilatelse: Loven gjør det flyktige til eiendom. "
#. f2
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para><footnote><para>
"intangible. A property right is simply a right that an individual has "
"against the world to do or not do certain things that may or may not attach "
"to a physical object. The right itself is intangible, even if the object to "
-"which it is (metaphorically) attached is tangible. See Adam Mossoff, \"What "
-"Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,\" <citetitle>Arizona Law "
-"Review</citetitle> 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
+"which it is (metaphorically) attached is tangible. See Adam Mossoff, "
+"<quote>What Is Property? Putting the Pieces Back Together,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Arizona Law Review</citetitle> 45 (2003): 373, 429 n. 241."
msgstr ""
"som de juridiske realistene lærte amerikansk lov, er alle "
"eiendomsrettigheter immaterielle. egenskapen rett er ganske enkelt en "
msgid ""
"But how, and to what extent, and in what form—the details, in other "
"words—matter. To get a good sense of how this practice of turning the "
-"intangible into property emerged, we need to place this \"property\" in its "
-"proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"intangible into property emerged, we need to place this <quote>property</"
+"
quote> in its proper context.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My strategy in doing this will be the same as my strategy in the preceding "
-"part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of \"copyright material is "
-"property\" in context. Where did the idea come from? What are its limits? "
-"How does it function in practice? After these stories, the significance of "
-"this true statement—\"copyright material is property\"— will be "
-"a bit more clear, and its implications will be revealed as quite different "
-"from the implications that the copyright warriors would have us draw."
+"part. I offer four stories to help put the idea of <quote>copyright material "
+"is property</quote> in context. Where did the idea come from? What are its "
+"limits? How does it function in practice? After these stories, the "
+"significance of this true statement—<quote>copyright material is "
+"property</quote>— will be a bit more clear, and its implications will "
+"be revealed as quite different from the implications that the copyright "
+"warriors would have us draw."
msgstr ""
"min strategi for å gjøre dette vil være det samme som min strategi i den "
"foregående delen. Jeg tilbyr fire historier å hjelpe sette idéen om "
"the plays that he wrote have continued to define Anglo-American culture ever "
"since. So deeply have the works of a sixteenth-century writer seeped into "
"our culture that we often don't even recognize their source. I once "
-"overheard someone commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: \"I "
-"liked it, but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.\""
+"overheard someone commenting on Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of Henry V: "
+"<quote>I liked it, but Shakespeare is so full of clichés.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"William Shakespeare skrev <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> i 1595. "
"Skuespillet ble først utgitt i 1597. Det var det ellevte store skuespillet "
"og stykkene han skrevhar fortsatt å definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. "
"Så dypt har verkene av en 1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vår kultur at vi "
"ofte ikke engang kjenner kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere "
-"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: \"Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så "
-"full av klisjeer.\""
+"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: <quote>Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så "
+"full av klisjeer.</quote>"
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
-"handsome \"definitive editions\" of classic works. In addition to "
+"handsome <quote>definitive editions</quote> of classic works. In addition to "
"<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an astonishing array "
"of works that still remain at the heart of the English canon, including "
"collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, and John Dryden. "
-"See Keith Walker, \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" <citetitle>American Scholar</"
-"citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
+"See Keith Walker, <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
msgstr ""
"Jacob Tonson er vanligvis husket for sin omgang med 1700-tallets litterære "
-"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke\"ferdige versjoner\" av "
+"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke<quote>ferdige versjoner</quote> av "
"klassiske verk. I tillegg til <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle>, utga "
"han en utrolig rekke liste av verk som ennå er hjertet av den engelske "
"kanon, inkludert de samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, og "
-"John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" "
+"John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller</quote>, "
"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424-31."
#. f2
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
-"written, the \"copy-right\" for the work was still thought by many to be the "
-"exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent of a small group of "
-"publishers called the Conger<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who "
-"controlled bookselling in England during the eighteenth century. The Conger "
-"claimed a perpetual right to control the \"copy\" of books that they had "
-"acquired from authors. That perpetual right meant that no one else could "
-"publish copies of a book to which they held the copyright. Prices of the "
-"classics were thus kept high; competition to produce better or cheaper "
-"editions was eliminated."
+"written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
+"many to be the exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent of a "
+"small group of publishers called the Conger<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"1\"/> who controlled bookselling in England during the eighteenth century. "
+"The Conger claimed a perpetual right to control the <quote>copy</quote> of "
+"books that they had acquired from authors. That perpetual right meant that "
+"no one else could publish copies of a book to which they held the "
+"copyright. Prices of the classics were thus kept high; competition to "
+"produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."
msgstr ""
"I 1774, nesten 180 år etter at <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> ble "
-"skrevet, mente mange at \"opphavsretten\" kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i "
+"skrevet, mente mange at <quote>opphavsretten</quote> kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i "
"London, John Tonson. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson var "
-"den mest fremstående av en liten gruppe utgivere kalt \"the Conger"
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i "
+"den mest fremstående av en liten gruppe utgivere kalt <quote>the Conger"
+"
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i "
"England gjennom hele 1700-tallet. The Conger hevdet at de hadde en "
-"evigvarende rett over \"kopier\" av bøker de hadde fått av forfatterne. "
+"evigvarende rett over <quote>kopier</quote> av bøker de hadde fått av forfatterne. "
"Denne evigvarende retten innebar at ingen andre kunne publisere kopier av "
"disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen på klassiske bøker holdt oppe; alle "
"konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, ble fjernet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
-"\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
-"citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>copyright law.</quote> See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
+"
Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Som Siva Vaidhyanathan så pent argumenterer, er det feilaktige å kalle dette "
-"en \"opphavsrettslov.\" Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
+"en <quote>opphavsrettslov</quote>. Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
"little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
"copyright is 1710, the year that the British Parliament adopted the first "
-"\"copyright\" act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated that all "
-"published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable once "
-"if the author was alive, and that all works already published by 1710 would "
-"get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
-"\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> should "
-"have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue about it still being "
-"under Tonson's control in 1774?"
+"<quote>copyright</quote> act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated "
+"that all published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, "
+"renewable once if the author was alive, and that all works already published "
+"by 1710 would get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</"
+"citetitle> should have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue about "
+"it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"
msgstr ""
"Men altså, det er noe spennende med året 1774 for alle som vet litt om "
"opphavsretts-lovgivning. Det mest kjente året for opphavsrett er 1710, da "
"det britiske parlamentet vedtok den første loven. Denne loven er kjent som "
-"\"Statute of Anne\" og sa at alle publiserte verk skulle være beskyttet i "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> og sa at alle publiserte verk skulle være beskyttet i "
"fjorten år, en periode som kunne fornyes én gang dersom forfatteren ennå "
"levde, og at alle verk publisert i eller før 1710 skulle ha en ekstraperiode "
"på 22 tillegsår.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> På grunn av denne "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
-"was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute of "
-"Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights. The last law "
-"regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in 1695. That "
-"law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make it easier "
-"for the Crown to control what was published. But after it expired, there "
-"was no positive law that said that the publishers, or \"Stationers,\" had an "
-"exclusive right to print books. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a <quote>copyright</"
+"quote> was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the "
+"Statute of Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights. The "
+"last law regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in "
+"1695. That law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to make "
+"it easier for the Crown to control what was published. But after it "
+"expired, there was no positive law that said that the publishers, or "
+"<quote>Stationers,</quote> had an exclusive right to print books. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ennå ikke hadde bestemt hva "
"opphavsrett innebar -- faktisk hadde ingen i verden det. På den tiden da "
-"engelskmennene vedtok \"Statute of Anne\", var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
+"engelskmennene vedtok <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
"opphavsrett. Den siste loven som regulerte utgivere var lisensieringsloven "
"av 1662, utløpt i 1695. At loven ga utgiverne monopol over publiseringen, "
"noe som gjorde det enklere for kronen å kontrollere hva ble publisert. Men "
"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
"of legislatures and the words of judges to know the rules that are to govern "
-"how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures \"positive law."
-"\" We call the words from judges \"common law.\" The common law sets the "
-"background against which legislatures legislate; the legislature, "
-"ordinarily, can trump that background only if it passes a law to displace "
-"it. And so the real question after the licensing statutes had expired was "
-"whether the common law protected a copyright, independent of any positive "
-"law."
+"how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures "
+"<quote>positive law.</quote> We call the words from judges <quote>common law."
+"</quote> The common law sets the background against which legislatures "
+"legislate; the legislature, ordinarily, can trump that background only if it "
+"passes a law to displace it. And so the real question after the licensing "
+"statutes had expired was whether the common law protected a copyright, "
+"independent of any positive law."
msgstr ""
"At det ikke fantes noen <emphasis>positiv</emphasis> lov, betydde ikke at "
"det ikke fantes noen lov. Den anglo-amerikanske juridiske tradisjon ser både "
"til lover skapt av politikere (det lovgivende statsorgen)og til lover "
"(prejudikater) skapt av domstolene for å bestemme hvordan folket skal leve. "
"Vi kaller politikernes lover for positiv lov og vi kaller lovene fra "
-"dommerne sedvanerett.\"Common law\" angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes "
+"dommerne sedvanerett.<quote>Common law</quote> angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes "
"lovgivning; retten til lovgiving, vanligvis kan trumfe at bakgrunnen bare "
"hvis det går gjennom en lov til å forskyve den. Og så var det virkelige "
"spørsmålet etter lisensiering lover hadde utløpt om felles lov beskyttet "
#. PAGE BREAK 98
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"This question was important to the publishers, or \"booksellers,\" as they "
-"were called, because there was growing competition from foreign publishers. "
-"The Scottish, in particular, were increasingly publishing and exporting "
-"books to England. That competition reduced the profits of the Conger, which "
-"reacted by demanding that Parliament pass a law to again give them exclusive "
-"control over publishing. That demand ultimately resulted in the Statute of "
-"Anne."
+"This question was important to the publishers, or <quote>booksellers,</"
+"quote> as they were called, because there was growing competition from "
+"foreign publishers. The Scottish, in particular, were increasingly "
+"publishing and exporting books to England. That competition reduced the "
+"profits of the Conger, which reacted by demanding that Parliament pass a law "
+"to again give them exclusive control over publishing. That demand ultimately "
+"resulted in the Statute of Anne."
msgstr ""
-"Dette spørsmålet var viktig for utgiverne eller \"bokselgere,\" som de ble "
+"Dette spørsmålet var viktig for utgiverne eller <quote>bokselgere</quote>, som de ble "
"kalt, fordi det var økende konkurranse fra utenlandske utgivere, Særlig fra "
"Skottland hvor publiseringen og eksporten av bøker til England hadde økt "
-"veldig. Denne konkurransen reduserte fortjenesten til \"The Conger\", som "
+"veldig. Denne konkurransen reduserte fortjenesten til <quote>The Conger</quote>, som "
"derfor krevde at parlamentet igjen skulle vedta en lov for å gi dem "
-"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i \"Statute of "
-"Anne\"."
+"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i <quote>Statute of "
+"Anne</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"The Statute of Anne granted the author or \"proprietor\" of a book an "
-"exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, however, and "
-"to the horror of the booksellers, the law gave the bookseller that right for "
-"a limited term. At the end of that term, the copyright \"expired,\" and the "
-"work would then be free and could be published by anyone. Or so the "
-"legislature is thought to have believed."
+"The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
+"book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
+"however, and to the horror of the booksellers, the law gave the bookseller "
+"that right for a limited term. At the end of that term, the copyright "
+"<quote>expired,</quote> and the work would then be free and could be "
+"published by anyone. Or so the legislature is thought to have believed."
msgstr ""
-"\"Statute of Anne\" ga forfatteren eller \"eieren\" av en bok en eksklusiv "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ga forfatteren eller <quote>eieren</quote> av en bok en eksklusiv "
"rett til å publisere denne boken. Men det var, til bokhandernes forferdelse "
"en viktig begrensning, nemlig hvor lenge denne retten skulle vare. Etter "
"dette gikk trykkeretten bort og verket falt i det fri og kunne trykkes av "
"play, he didn't make it any harder for others to craft a play. So why is it "
"that the law would ever allow someone else to come along and take "
"Shakespeare's play without his, or his estate's, permission? What reason is "
-"there to allow someone else to \"steal\" Shakespeare's work?"
+"there to allow someone else to <quote>steal</quote> Shakespeare's work?"
msgstr ""
"Bokhandlerne, og forfatterne som de representerte, hadde et veldig sterkt "
"krav. Ta <citetitle>romeo og Julie</citetitle> som et eksempel: Skuespillet "
"han verket, han gjorde det ikke noe vanskeligere for andre til å lage "
"skuespill. Så hvorfor skulle loven tillate at noen annen kunne komme og ta "
"Shakespeares verkuten hans, eller hans arvingers, tillatelse? Hvilke grunner "
-"finnes for å tillate at noen \"stjeler\" Shakespeares verk?"
+"finnes for å tillate at noen <quote>stjeler</quote> Shakespeares verk?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
-"the notion of \"copyright\" that existed at the time of the Statute of Anne. "
-"Second, we have to see something important about \"booksellers.\""
+"the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
+"Statute of Anne. Second, we have to see something important about "
+"<quote>booksellers.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Svaret er todel. Først må vi se på noe spesielt med oppfatningen av "
-"opphavsrett som fantes på tidspunktet da \"Statute of Anne\" ble vedtatt. "
+"opphavsrett som fantes på tidspunktet da <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ble vedtatt. "
"Deretter må vi se på noe spesielt med bokhandlerne."
#. PAGE BREAK 99
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
-"apply the concept of \"copyright\" ever more broadly. But in 1710, it wasn't "
-"so much a concept as it was a very particular right. The copyright was born "
-"as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others from reprinting a "
-"book. In 1710, the \"copy-right\" was a right to use a particular machine to "
-"replicate a particular work. It did not go beyond that very narrow right. It "
-"did not control any more generally how a work could be <emphasis>used</"
-"emphasis>. Today the right includes a large collection of restrictions on "
-"the freedom of others: It grants the author the exclusive right to copy, the "
-"exclusive right to distribute, the exclusive right to perform, and so on."
+"apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
+"1710, it wasn't so much a concept as it was a very particular right. The "
+"copyright was born as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others "
+"from reprinting a book. In 1710, the <quote>copy-right</quote> was a right "
+"to use a particular machine to replicate a particular work. It did not go "
+"beyond that very narrow right. It did not control any more generally how a "
+"work could be <emphasis>used</emphasis>. Today the right includes a large "
+"collection of restrictions on the freedom of others: It grants the author "
+"the exclusive right to copy, the exclusive right to distribute, the "
+"exclusive right to perform, and so on."
msgstr ""
"Først om opphavsretten. I de siste tre hundre år har vi kommet til å bruke "
-"begrepet \"copyright\" i stadig videre forstand. Men i 1710 var det ikke så "
+"begrepet <quote>copyright</quote> i stadig videre forstand. Men i 1710 var det ikke så "
"mye et konsept som det var en bestemt rett. Opphavsretten ble født som et "
"svært spesifikt sett med begrensninger: den forbød andre å reprodusere en "
-"bok. I 1710 var \"kopi-rett\" en rett til å bruke en bestemt maskin til å "
+"bok. I 1710 var <quote>kopi-rett</quote> en rett til å bruke en bestemt maskin til å "
"replikere en bestemt arbeid. Den gikk ikke utover dette svært smale "
"formålet. Den kontrollerte ikke mer generelt hvordan et verk kunne "
"<emphasis>brukes</emphasis>. Idag inkluderer retten en stor samling av "
"was that no one could reprint Shakespeare's work without the permission of "
"the Shakespeare estate. It would not have controlled anything, for example, "
"about how the work could be performed, whether the work could be translated, "
-"or whether Kenneth Branagh would be allowed to make his films. The \"copy-"
-"right\" was only an exclusive right to print—no less, of course, but "
-"also no more."
+"or whether Kenneth Branagh would be allowed to make his films. The "
+"<quote>copy-right</quote> was only an exclusive right to print—no "
+"less, of course, but also no more."
msgstr ""
"Så selv om f. eks. opphavsretten til Shakespeares verker var evigvarende, "
"betydde det under den opprinnelige betydningen av begrepet at ingen kunne "
"trykke Shakespeares arbeid uten tillatelse fra Shakespeares arvinger. Den "
"ville ikke ha kontrollert noe mer, for eksempel om hvordan verket kunne "
"fremføres, om verket kunne oversettes eller om Kenneth Branagh ville hatt "
-"lov til å lage filmer. \"Kopi-retten\" var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
+"lov til å lage filmer. <quote>Kopi-retten</quote> var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
"trykke--ikke noe mindre, selvfølgelig, men heller ikke mer."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British. They had "
-"had a long and ugly experience with \"exclusive rights,\" especially "
-"\"exclusive rights\" granted by the Crown. The English had fought a civil "
-"war in part about the Crown's practice of handing out monopolies—"
-"especially monopolies for works that already existed. King Henry VIII "
-"granted a patent to print the Bible and a monopoly to Darcy to print playing "
-"cards. The English Parliament began to fight back against this power of the "
-"Crown. In 1656, it passed the Statute of Monopolies, limiting monopolies to "
-"patents for new inventions. And by 1710, Parliament was eager to deal with "
-"the growing monopoly in publishing."
+"had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
+"especially <quote>exclusive rights</quote> granted by the Crown. The English "
+"had fought a civil war in part about the Crown's practice of handing out "
+"monopolies—especially monopolies for works that already existed. King "
+"Henry VIII granted a patent to print the Bible and a monopoly to Darcy to "
+"print playing cards. The English Parliament began to fight back against this "
+"power of the Crown. In 1656, it passed the Statute of Monopolies, limiting "
+"monopolies to patents for new inventions. And by 1710, Parliament was eager "
+"to deal with the growing monopoly in publishing."
msgstr ""
"Selv dnne begrensede retten ble møtt med skepsis av britene. De hadde hatt "
-"en lang og stygg erfaring med \"eksklusive rettigheter,\" spesielt \"enerett"
-"\" gitt av kronen. Engelskmennene hadde utkjempet en borgerkrig delvis mot "
+"en lang og stygg erfaring med <quote>eksklusive rettigheter</quote>, spesielt <quote>enerett"
+"</quote> gitt av kronen. Engelskmennene hadde utkjempet en borgerkrig delvis mot "
"kronens praksis med å dele ut monopoler--spesielt monopoler for verk som "
"allerede eksisterte. Kong Henrik VIII hadde gitt patent til å trykke Bibelen "
"og monopol til Darcy for å lage spillkort. Det engelske parlamentet begynte "
-"å kjempe tilbake mot denne makten hos kronen. I 1656 ble \"Statute of "
-"Monopolis\" vedtatt for å begrense monopolene på patenter for nye "
+"å kjempe tilbake mot denne makten hos kronen. I 1656 ble <quote>Statute of "
+"Monopolis</quote> vedtatt for å begrense monopolene på patenter for nye "
"oppfinnelser. Og i 1710 var parlamentet ivrig etter å håndtere det voksende "
"monopolet på publisering."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Thus the \"copy-right,\" when viewed as a monopoly right, was naturally "
-"viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the claim that "
-"\"it's my property, and I should have it forever,\" try sounding convincing "
-"when uttering, \"It's my monopoly, and I should have it forever.\") The "
-"state would protect the exclusive right, but only so long as it benefited "
-"society. The British saw the harms from specialinterest favors; they passed "
-"a law to stop them."
+"Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
+"naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
+"claim that <quote>it's my property, and I should have it forever,</quote> "
+"try sounding convincing when uttering, <quote>It's my monopoly, and I should "
+"have it forever.</quote>) The state would protect the exclusive right, but "
+"only so long as it benefited society. The British saw the harms from "
+"specialinterest favors; they passed a law to stop them."
msgstr ""
-"Dermed ble \"kopi-retten\", når den sees på som en monopolrett, en rettighet "
-"som bør være begrenset. (Uansett hvor overbevisende påstanden om at \"det er "
-"min eiendom, og jeg skal ha for alltid,\" prøv hvor overbevisende det er når "
-"men sier \"det er mitt monopol, og jeg skal ha det for alltid.\") Staten "
+"Dermed ble <quote>kopi-retten</quote>, når den sees på som en monopolrett, en rettighet "
+"som bør være begrenset. (Uansett hvor overbevisende påstanden om at <quote>det er "
+"min eiendom, og jeg skal ha for alltid,</quote> prøv hvor overbevisende det er når "
+"men sier <quote>det er mitt monopol, og jeg skal ha det for alltid.</quote>) Staten "
"ville beskytte eneretten, men bare så lenge det gavnet samfunnet. Britene så "
"skadene særinteresserte kunne skape; de vedtok en lov for å stoppe dem."
"seventeenth-century England. Members of the Conger were increasingly seen as "
"monopolists of the worst kind—tools of the Crown's repression, selling "
"the liberty of England to guarantee themselves a monopoly profit. The "
-"attacks against these monopolists were harsh: Milton described them as \"old "
-"patentees and monopolizers in the trade of book-selling\"; they were \"men "
-"who do not therefore labour in an honest profession to which learning is "
-"
indetted.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"attacks against these monopolists were harsh: Milton described them as "
+"<quote>old patentees and monopolizers in the trade of book-selling</quote>; "
+"they were <quote>men who do not therefore labour in an honest profession to "
+"
which learning is indetted.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dernest, om bokhandlerne. Det var ikke bare at kopiretten var et monopol. "
"Det var også et monopol holdt av bokhandlerne. En bokhandler høres greie og "
"ufarlige ut for oss, men slik var det ikke i syttenhundretallets England. "
-"Medlemmene i \"the Conger\" ble av en voksende mengde sett på som "
+"Medlemmene i <quote>the Conger</quote> ble av en voksende mengde sett på som "
"monopolister av verste sort - et verktøy for kronens undertrykkelse, de "
"solgte Englands frihet mot å være garantert en monopolskinntekt. Men "
-"monopolistene ble kvast kritisert: Milton beskrev dem som \"gamle "
-"patentholdere og monopolister i bokhandlerkunsten\"; de var \"menn som "
+"monopolistene ble kvast kritisert: Milton beskrev dem som <quote>gamle "
+"patentholdere og monopolister i bokhandlerkunsten</quote>; de var <quote>menn som "
"derfor ikke hadde et ærlig arbeide hvor utdanning er nødvendig."
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Når 1731 (1710+21) kom, ble bokhandlerne engstelige. De så konsekvensene av "
"mer konkurranse, og som alle konkurrenter, likte de det ikke. Først "
-"ignorerte bokhandlere ganske enkelt \"Statute of Anne\", og fortsatte å "
+"ignorerte bokhandlere ganske enkelt <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, og fortsatte å "
"kreve en evigvarende rett til å kontrollere publiseringen. Men i 1735 og "
"1737 de prøvde å tvinge Parlamentet til å utvide periodene. Tjueen år var "
"ikke nok, sa de; de trengte mer tid."
"authors certain protections through positive law, but those protections were "
"not intended as replacements for the common law. Instead, they were "
"intended simply to supplement the common law. Under common law, it was "
-"already wrong to take another person's creative \"property\" and use it "
-"without his permission. The Statute of Anne, the booksellers argued, didn't "
-"change that. Therefore, just because the protections of the Statute of Anne "
-"expired, that didn't mean the protections of the common law expired: Under "
-"the common law they had the right to ban the publication of a book, even if "
-"its Statute of Anne copyright had expired. This, they argued, was the only "
-"way to protect authors."
+"already wrong to take another person's creative <quote>property</quote> and "
+"use it without his permission. The Statute of Anne, the booksellers argued, "
+"didn't change that. Therefore, just because the protections of the Statute "
+"of Anne expired, that didn't mean the protections of the common law expired: "
+"Under the common law they had the right to ban the publication of a book, "
+"even if its Statute of Anne copyright had expired. This, they argued, was "
+"the only way to protect authors."
msgstr ""
"Etter å ha mislyktes i Parlamentet gikk utgiverne til rettssalen i en rekke "
-"saker. Deres argument var enkelt og direkte: \"Statute of Anne\" ga "
+"saker. Deres argument var enkelt og direkte: <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ga "
"forfatterne en viss beskyttelse gjennom positiv loven, men denne "
"beskyttelsenvar ikke ment som en erstatning for felles lov. Istedet var de "
"ment å supplere felles lov. Ifølge sedvanerett var det galt å ta en annen "
-"persons kreative eiendom og bruke den uten hans tillatelse. \"Statute of Anne"
-"\", hevdet bokhandlere, endret ikke dette faktum. Derfor betydde ikke det at "
-"beskyttelsen gitt av \"Statute of Anne\" utløp, at beskyttelsen fra "
+"persons kreative eiendom og bruke den uten hans tillatelse. <quote>Statute of Anne"
+"</quote>, hevdet bokhandlere, endret ikke dette faktum. Derfor betydde ikke det at "
+"beskyttelsen gitt av <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> utløp, at beskyttelsen fra "
"sedvaneretten utløp: Ifølge sedvaneretten hadde de rett til å fordømme "
-"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om \"Statute of Anne\" sa at de var "
+"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> sa at de var "
"falt i det fri. Dette, mente de, var den eneste måten å beskytte forfatterne."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For a "
"wonderfully compelling account, see Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For en "
"fantastisk overbevisende fortelling, se Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
"leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. Until "
-"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, \"The publishers "
+"then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, <quote>The publishers "
"… had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher has for cattle."
-"\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller didn't care squat "
-"for the rights of the author. His concern was the monopoly profit that the "
-"author's work gave."
+"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller didn't care "
+"squat for the rights of the author. His concern was the monopoly profit "
+"that the author's work gave."
msgstr ""
"Dette var et godt argument, og hadde støtte fra flere av den tidens ledende "
"jurister. Det viste også en ekstraordinær chutzpah. Inntail da, som "
-"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, \"var utgiverne … like "
-"bekymret for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.
\"<placeholder type="
+"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, <quote>var utgiverne … like "
+"bekymret for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bokselgerne brydde seg ikke det spor om forfatternes "
"rettigheter. Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk "
"ga."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
-"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints \"of "
-"standard works whose copyright term had expired,\" at least under the "
-"Statute of Anne.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson's "
-"publishing house prospered and became \"something of a center for literary "
-"Scotsmen.\" \"[A]mong them,\" Professor Mark Rose writes, was \"the young "
-"James Boswell who, together with his friend Andrew Erskine, published an "
-"anthology of contemporary Scottish poems with Donaldson.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
+"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
+"<quote>of standard works whose copyright term had expired,</quote> at least "
+"under the Statute of Anne.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Donaldson's publishing house prospered and became <quote>something of a "
+"center for literary Scotsmen.</quote> <quote>[A]mong them,</quote> Professor "
+"Mark Rose writes, was <quote>the young James Boswell who, together with his "
+"friend Andrew Erskine, published an anthology of contemporary Scottish poems "
+"with Donaldson.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Donaldson var en fremmed for Londons \"the Conger\". Han startet in karriere "
+"Donaldson var en fremmed for Londons <quote>the Conger</quote>. Han startet in karriere "
"i Edinburgh i 1750. Hans forretningsidé var billige kopier av standardverk "
-"falt i det fri, ihvertfall fri ifølge
\"Statute of Anne\".<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldsons forlag vokste og ble \"et sentrum for "
-"litterære skotter.\" \"Blant dem,\" skriver professor Mark Rose, var \"den "
+"falt i det fri, ihvertfall fri ifølge
<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldsons forlag vokste og ble <quote>et sentrum for "
+"litterære skotter.</quote> <quote>Blant dem,</quote> skriver professor Mark Rose, var <quote>den "
"unge James Boswell som, sammen med sin venn Andrew Erskine, publiserte en "
-"hel antologi av skotsk samtidspoesi sammen med Donaldson.
\"<placeholder type="
+"hel antologi av skotsk samtidspoesi sammen med Donaldson.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgid ""
"When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
"he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
-"editions \"of the most popular English books, in defiance of the supposed "
-"common law right of Literary Property.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> His books undercut the Conger prices by 30 to 50 percent, and he "
-"rested his right to compete upon the ground that, under the Statute of Anne, "
-"the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
+"editions <quote>of the most popular English books, in defiance of the "
+"supposed common law right of Literary Property.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His books undercut the Conger prices by 30 to 50 "
+"percent, and he rested his right to compete upon the ground that, under the "
+"Statute of Anne, the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
msgstr ""
"Da Londons bokselgere prøvde å få stengt Donaldsons butikk i Skottland, så "
-"flyttet han butikken til London. Her solgte han billige utgaver av \"de mest "
+"flyttet han butikken til London. Her solgte han billige utgaver av <quote>de mest "
"populære, engelske bøker, i kamp mot sedvanerettens rett til litterær "
-"eiendom.
\" <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bøkene hans var mellom "
-"30% og 50% billigere enn \"the Conger\"s, og han baserte sin rett til denne "
-"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være \"Statute of Anne\", var falt i det "
+"eiendom.
</quote> <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bøkene hans var mellom "
+"30% og 50% billigere enn <quote>the Conger</quote>s, og han baserte sin rett til denne "
+"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, var falt i det "
"fri."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block \"piracy\" like "
-"Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the \"pirates,\" "
-"the most important early victory being <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. "
-"<citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
+"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
+"like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
+"<quote>pirates,</quote> the most important early victory being "
+"<citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
-"Londons bokselgere begynte straks å slå ned mot \"pirater\" som Donaldson. "
+"Londons bokselgere begynte straks å slå ned mot <quote>pirater</quote> som Donaldson. "
"Flere tiltak var vellykkede, den viktigste var den tidlig seieren i kampen "
"mellom <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> og <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
#. f11
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
-"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
+"Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
msgstr ""
-"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
+"Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright</quote>, <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
-"Thomson's poem \"The Seasons.\" Millar complied with the requirements of the "
-"Statute of Anne, and therefore received the full protection of the statute. "
-"After the term of copyright ended, Robert Taylor began printing a competing "
-"volume. Millar sued, claiming a perpetual common law right, the Statute of "
-"Anne notwithstanding.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
+"requirements of the Statute of Anne, and therefore received the full "
+"protection of the statute. After the term of copyright ended, Robert Taylor "
+"began printing a competing volume. Millar sued, claiming a perpetual common "
+"law right, the Statute of Anne notwithstanding.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Millar var en bokhandler som i 1729 hadde kjøpt opp rettighetene til James "
-"Thomsons dikt \"The Seasons\". Millar hadde da full beskyttelse gjennom "
-"\"Statute of Anne\", men etter at denne beskyttelsen var uløpt, begynte "
+"Thomsons dikt <quote>The Seasons</quote>. Millar hadde da full beskyttelse gjennom "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, men etter at denne beskyttelsen var uløpt, begynte "
"Robert Taylor å trykke et konkurrerende bind. Millar gikk til sak, og hevdet "
-"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva \"Statute of Anne"
-"
\" sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva <quote>Statute of Anne"
+"
</quote> sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
"the Statute of Anne gave booksellers, it did not, he held, extinguish any "
"common law right. The question was whether the common law would protect the "
-"author against subsequent \"pirates.\" Mansfield's answer was yes: The "
-"common law would bar Taylor from reprinting Thomson's poem without Millar's "
-"permission. That common law rule thus effectively gave the booksellers a "
-"perpetual right to control the publication of any book assigned to them."
+"author against subsequent <quote>pirates.</quote> Mansfield's answer was "
+"yes: The common law would bar Taylor from reprinting Thomson's poem without "
+"Millar's permission. That common law rule thus effectively gave the "
+"booksellers a perpetual right to control the publication of any book "
+"assigned to them."
msgstr ""
"Til moderne juristers forbløffelse, var en av, ikke bare datidens, men en av "
"de største dommere i engelsk historie, Lord Mansfield, enig med "
-"bokhandlerne. Uansett hvilken beskyttelse \"Statute of Anne\" gav "
+"bokhandlerne. Uansett hvilken beskyttelse <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> gav "
"bokhandlerne, så sa han at den ikke fortrengte noe fra sedvaneretten. "
-"Spørsmålet var hvorvidt sedvaneretten beskyttet forfatterne mot pirater. "
+"Spørsmålet var hvorvidt sedvaneretten beskyttet forfatterne mot <quote>pirater</quote>. "
"Mansfield svar var ja: Sedvaneretten nektet Taylor å reprodusere Thomsons "
"dikt uten Millars tillatelse. Slik gav sedvaneretten bokselgerne en evig "
"publiseringsrett til bøker solgt til dem."
"The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
"however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
msgstr ""
-"Kampen for å forsvare \"Statute of Anne\"s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
+"Kampen for å forsvare <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
"ikke der, for nå kommer Donaldson."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
"Rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Beckett</"
"citetitle> fikk en enorm oppmerksomhet i hele Storbritannia. Donaldsons "
"advokater mente at selv om det før fantes en del rettigheter i "
-"sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av \"Statute of Anne\". Etter at "
-"\"Statute of Anne\" var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige beskyttelse "
+"sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>. Etter at "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige beskyttelse "
"for trykkerett kom derfra. Og derfor, mente de, i tråd med vilkårene i "
-"\"Statute of Anne\", falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
-"the House and voted upon first by the \"law lords,\" members of special "
-"legal distinction who functioned much like the Justices in our Supreme "
-"Court. Then, after the law lords voted, the House of Lords generally voted."
+"the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
+"special legal distinction who functioned much like the Justices in our "
+"Supreme Court. Then, after the law lords voted, the House of Lords generally "
+"voted."
msgstr ""
"Overhuset var en merkelig institusjon. Juridiske spørsmål ble presentert for "
-"huset, og ble først stemt over av \"juslorder\", medlemmer av enspesiell "
+"huset, og ble først stemt over av <quote>juslorder</quote>, medlemmer av enspesiell "
"rettslig gruppe som fungerte nesten slik som justiariusene i vår "
-"Høyesterett. Deretter, etter at \"juslordene\" hadde stemt, stemte resten av "
+"Høyesterett. Deretter, etter at <quote>juslordene</quote> hadde stemt, stemte resten av "
"Overhuset."
#. PAGE BREAK 104
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"The public domain.\" Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> "
-"v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of a public "
-"domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong argument that common law "
-"copyrights were perpetual. After 1774, the public domain was born. For the "
-"first time in Anglo-American history, the legal control over creative works "
-"expired, and the greatest works in English history—including those of "
-"Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and Bunyan—were free of legal "
-"restraint. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"4\"/>"
+"<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</"
+"citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of a "
+"public domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong argument that "
+"common law copyrights were perpetual. After 1774, the public domain was "
+"born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the legal control over "
+"creative works expired, and the greatest works in English history—"
+"including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and Bunyan—"
+"were free of legal restraint. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Å falle i det fri\". Før rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot "
+"<quote>Å falle i det fri</quote>. Før rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot "
"<citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> var det ingen klar oppfatning om hva å falle "
"i det fri innebar. Før 1774 var det jo en allmenn oppfatning om at "
"kopiretten var evigvarende. Men etter 1774 ble Public Domain født.For første "
msgid ""
"It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
"an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
-"of the \"pirate publishers\" did their work, people celebrated the decision "
-"in the streets. As the <citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> reported, "
-"\"No private cause has so much engrossed the attention of the public, and "
-"none has been tried before the House of Lords in the decision of which so "
-"many individuals were interested.\" \"Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon "
-"victory over literary property: bonfires and illuminations.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"of the <quote>pirate publishers</quote> did their work, people celebrated "
+"the decision in the streets. As the <citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</"
+"citetitle> reported, <quote>No private cause has so much engrossed the "
+"attention of the public, and none has been tried before the House of Lords "
+"in the decision of which so many individuals were interested.</quote> "
+"<quote>Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon victory over literary property: "
+"bonfires and illuminations.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Vi kan knapt forestille oss det, men denne avgjørelsen fra Overhuset fyrte "
"opp under en svært populær og politisk reaksjon. I Skottland, hvor de fleste "
"piratugiverne hadde holdt til, ble avgjørelsen feiret i gatene. Som "
-"<citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> skrev \"Ingen privatsak har noen "
+"<citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> skrev <quote>Ingen privatsak har noen "
"gang fått slik oppmerksomhet fra folket, og ingen sak som har blitt prøvet i "
-"Overhuset har interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.\" \"Stor glede i "
-"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*."
+"Overhuset har interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.</quote> <quote>Stor glede i "
+"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*.</quote>"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 105
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Ruined\" is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an exaggeration to say "
-"that the change was profound. The decision of the House of Lords meant that "
-"the booksellers could no longer control how culture in England would grow "
-"and develop. Culture in England was thereafter <emphasis>free</emphasis>. "
-"Not in the sense that copyrights would not be respected, for of course, for "
-"a limited time after a work was published, the bookseller had an exclusive "
-"right to control the publication of that book. And not in the sense that "
-"books could be stolen, for even after a copyright expired, you still had to "
-"buy the book from someone. But <emphasis>free</emphasis> in the sense that "
-"the culture and its growth would no longer be controlled by a small group of "
-"publishers. As every free market does, this free market of free culture "
-"would grow as the consumers and producers chose. English culture would "
-"develop as the many English readers chose to let it develop— chose in "
-"the books they bought and wrote; chose in the memes they repeated and "
-"endorsed. Chose in a <emphasis>competitive context</emphasis>, not a context "
-"in which the choices about what culture is available to people and how they "
-"get access to it are made by the few despite the wishes of the many."
-msgstr ""
-"Ruinert er en overdrivelse. Men det er ingen overdrivelse å si at endringen "
+"<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
+"exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
+"of Lords meant that the booksellers could no longer control how culture in "
+"England would grow and develop. Culture in England was thereafter "
+"<emphasis>free</emphasis>. Not in the sense that copyrights would not be "
+"respected, for of course, for a limited time after a work was published, the "
+"bookseller had an exclusive right to control the publication of that book. "
+"And not in the sense that books could be stolen, for even after a copyright "
+"expired, you still had to buy the book from someone. But <emphasis>free</"
+"emphasis> in the sense that the culture and its growth would no longer be "
+"controlled by a small group of publishers. As every free market does, this "
+"free market of free culture would grow as the consumers and producers chose. "
+"English culture would develop as the many English readers chose to let it "
+"develop— chose in the books they bought and wrote; chose in the memes "
+"they repeated and endorsed. Chose in a <emphasis>competitive context</"
+"emphasis>, not a context in which the choices about what culture is "
+"available to people and how they get access to it are made by the few "
+"despite the wishes of the many."
+msgstr ""
+"<quote>Ruinert</quote> er en overdrivelse. Men det er ingen overdrivelse å si at endringen "
"var stor. Vedtaket fra Overhuset betydde at bokhandlerne ikke lenger kunnen "
"kontrollere hvordan kulturen i England ville vokse og utvikle seg. Kulturen "
"i England var etter dette <emphasis>fri</emphasis>. Ikke i den betydning at "
"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
"Simpsons</citetitle>. For of course, those few seconds are copyrighted; and "
"of course, to use copyrighted material you need the permission of the "
-"copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" or some other privilege applies."
+"copyright owner, unless <quote>fair use</quote> or some other privilege "
+"applies."
msgstr ""
"Så noen år senere, da han endelig hadde fått ordnet den siste "
"finansieringen, ville Else skaffe rettigheter til å bruke disse få sekundene "
"med <citetitle>The Simpson</citetitle>. For disse få sekundene var selvsagt "
"beskyttet av opphavsretten, og for å bruke beskyttet materiale må man ha "
-"tillatelse fra eieren, dersom det ikke er \"rimelig bruk\" eller det "
+"tillatelse fra eieren, dersom det ikke er <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> eller det "
"foreligger spesielle avtaler."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered … "
-"that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least that "
-"someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" And second, Fox "
-"\"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to use this four-"
-"point-five seconds of … entirely unsolicited <citetitle>Simpsons</"
-"citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.\""
+"Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
+"… that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least "
+"that someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.</quote> And "
+"second, Fox <quote>wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us to "
+"use this four-point-five seconds of … entirely unsolicited "
+"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Deretter, fortalte Else: \"skjedde to ting. Først oppdaget vi … at "
+"Deretter, fortalte Else: <quote>skjedde to ting. Først oppdaget vi … at "
"Matt Groening ikke eide sitt eget verk — ihvertfall at noen [hos Fox] "
-"trodde at han ikke eide sitt eget verk.\" Som det andre krevde Fox \"ti "
+"trodde at han ikke eide sitt eget verk.</quote> Som det andre krevde Fox <quote>ti "
"tusen dollar i lisensavgift for disse fire og et halvt sekundene med "
"… fullstendig tilfeldig <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle> som var i et "
-"hjørne i ett opptak.\""
+"hjørne i ett opptak.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
"thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera. He explained "
-"to her, \"There must be some mistake here. … We're asking for your "
-"educational rate on this.\" That was the educational rate, Herrera told "
-"Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what he had been told."
+"to her, <quote>There must be some mistake here. … We're asking for "
+"your educational rate on this.</quote> That was the educational rate, "
+"Herrera told Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm what he "
+"had been told."
msgstr ""
"Ellers var sikker på at det var en feil. Han fikk tak i noen som han trodde "
"var nestleder for lisensiering, Rebecca Herrera. Han forklarte for henne at "
-"\"det må være en feil her … Vi ber deg om en utdanningssats på dette."
-"\" Og de hadde fått utdanningssats, fortalte Herrera. Kort tid etter ringte "
+"<quote>det må være en feil her … Vi ber deg om en utdanningssats på dette."
+"</quote> Og de hadde fått utdanningssats, fortalte Herrera. Kort tid etter ringte "
"Else igjen for å få dette bekreftet."
#. PAGE BREAK 108
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
-"have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the clip "
-"of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle> in the corner of a shot in a "
-"documentary film about Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, Herrera "
-"told Else, \"And if you quote me, I'll turn you over to our attorneys.\" As "
-"an assistant to Herrera told Else later on, \"They don't give a shit. They "
-"just want the money.\""
+"<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told me. "
+"<quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would cost "
+"$10,000 to use the clip of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle> in the corner "
+"of a shot in a documentary film about Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, "
+"astonishingly, Herrera told Else, <quote>And if you quote me, I'll turn you "
+"over to our attorneys.</quote> As an assistant to Herrera told Else later "
+"on, <quote>They don't give a shit. They just want the money.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Jeg måtte være sikker på at jeg hadde riktige opplysninger foran meg,\" sa "
-"han. \"Ja, du har riktige opplysninger,\" sa hun. Det ville koste $10 000 å "
+"<quote>Jeg måtte være sikker på at jeg hadde riktige opplysninger foran meg</quote>, sa "
+"han. <quote>Ja, du har riktige opplysninger</quote>, sa hun. Det ville koste $10 000 å "
"bruke dette lille klippet av <citetitle>The Simpson</citetitle>, plassert "
"bakerst i et hjørne i en scene i en dokumentar om Wagners Ring Cycle. Som om "
-"det ikke var nok, forbløffet Herrera Else med å si \"Og om du siterer meg, "
-"vil du høre fra våre advokater.\" En av Herreras assistenter fortalte Else "
-"at \"De bryr seg ikke i det heletatt. Alt de vil ha er pengene.\""
+"det ikke var nok, forbløffet Herrera Else med å si <quote>Og om du siterer meg, "
+"vil du høre fra våre advokater.</quote> En av Herreras assistenter fortalte Else "
+"at <quote>De bryr seg ikke i det heletatt. Alt de vil ha er pengene.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"For example, \"public performance\" is a use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
-"citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a selection "
-"of favorite episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets to come "
-"see \"My Favorite <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>,\" then you need to get "
-"permission from the copyright owner. And the copyright owner (rightly, in my "
-"view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. That's her "
-"right, as set by the law."
+"For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
+"Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
+"selection of favorite episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for tickets "
+"to come see <quote>My Favorite <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>,</quote> then "
+"you need to get permission from the copyright owner. And the copyright owner "
+"(rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. "
+"That's her right, as set by the law."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel \"offentlig fremvisning\"* av <citetitle>The Simpson</"
+"For eksempel <quote>offentlig fremvisning</quote>* av <citetitle>The Simpson</"
"citetitle> er en form for bruk hvor loven gir eieren kontroll. Dersom du "
"velger ut dine favorittepisoder, leier en kinosal og selger billetter til "
-"\"Mine <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle>-favoritter\", så må du ha tillatelse "
+"<quote>Mine <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle>-favoritter</quote>, så må du ha tillatelse "
"fra rettighetsinnhaveren (eieren). Og eieren kan (med rette, slik jeg ser "
"det) kreve hvor mye han vil; $10ellr $1 000 000. Det er hans rett ifølge "
"loven."
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
-"don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner with "
-"William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of "
-"<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle>\" (draft on file with author), University of "
-"Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
+"For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
+"lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
+"Richard A. Posner with William F. Patry, <quote>Fair Use and Statutory "
+"Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle></quote> (draft on file "
+"with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
msgstr ""
-"Ønsker du å lese en flott redegjørelse om hvordan dette er \"fair use\", og "
+"Ønsker du å lese en flott redegjørelse om hvordan dette er <quote>fair use</quote>, og "
"hvordan advokatene ikke anerkjenner det, så les Richard A. Posner og William "
-"F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</"
-"citetitle> \" (utkast arkivert hos forfatteren), University of Chicago Law "
+"F. Patry, <quote>Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</"
+"citetitle> </quote> (utkast arkivert hos forfatteren), University of Chicago Law "
"School, 5. august 2003."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
-"is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's use of just "
-"4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> episode "
-"is clearly a fair use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>—and fair "
-"use does not require the permission of anyone."
+"is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
+"use of just 4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a <citetitle>Simpsons</"
+"citetitle> episode is clearly a fair use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
+"citetitle>—and fair use does not require the permission of anyone."
msgstr ""
"Men når jurister hører denne historien om Jon Else og Fox, så er deres "
-"første tanke
\"rimelig bruk\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"første tanke
<quote>rimelig bruk</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"Elses bruk av 4,5 sekunder med et indirekte klipp av en <citetitle>Simpsons</"
-"citetitle>-episode er et klart eksempel på \"rimelig bruk\" av "
-"<citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>— og \"rimelig bruk\" krever ingen "
+"citetitle>-episode er et klart eksempel på <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> av "
+"<citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>— og <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> krever ingen "
"tillatelse fra noen."
#. PAGE BREAK 109
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his reply:"
+"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
+"his reply:"
msgstr ""
-"Så jeg spurte Else om hvorfor han ikke bare stolte på \"fair use\". Og her "
+"Så jeg spurte Else om hvorfor han ikke bare stolte på <quote>fair use</quote>. Og her "
"er hans svar:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
"gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
"is crushingly relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to make "
-"and broadcast documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was \"clearly "
-"fair use\" in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on the concept in "
-"any concrete way. Here's why:"
+"and broadcast documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was "
+"<quote>clearly fair use</quote> in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't "
+"rely on the concept in any concrete way. Here's why:"
msgstr ""
"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>-fiaskoen lærte meg om hvor stor avstand det "
"var mellom det jurister finner urelevant på en abstrakt måte, og hva som er "
"knusende relevant på en konkret måte for oss som prøver å lage og kringkaste "
-"dokumentarer. Jeg tvilte aldri på at dette helt klart var \"rimelig bruk\", "
+"dokumentarer. Jeg tvilte aldri på at dette helt klart var <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>, "
"men jeg kunne ikke stole på konseptet på noen konkret måte. Og dette er "
"grunnen:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
-"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed \"visual cue sheet"
-"\" listing the source and licensing status of each shot in the film. They "
-"take a dim view of \"fair use,\" and a claim of \"fair use\" can grind the "
-"application process to a halt."
+"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
+"sheet</quote> listing the source and licensing status of each shot in the "
+"film. They take a dim view of <quote>fair use,</quote> and a claim of "
+"<quote>fair use</quote> can grind the application process to a halt."
msgstr ""
-"Før våre filmer kan kringkastes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper en \"Errors "
-"and Omissions\"-forsikring. Den krever en detailjert \"visual cue sheet\" "
+"Før våre filmer kan kringkastes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper en <quote>Errors "
+"and Omissions</quote>-forsikring. Den krever en detailjert <quote>visual cue sheet</quote> "
"med alle kilder og lisens-status på alle scener i filmen. De har et smalt "
-"syn på \"fair use\", og å påstå at noe er nettopp det kan forsinke, og i "
+"syn på <quote>fair use</quote>, og å påstå at noe er nettopp det kan forsinke, og i "
"verste fall stoppe, prosessen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid ""
"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
"… who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
-"would \"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,\" regardless "
-"of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil down to who had "
-"the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or them."
+"would <quote>depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,</quote> "
+"regardless of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil down "
+"to who had the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or them."
msgstr ""
"Jeg snakket faktisk med en av dine kolleger på Stanford Law School … "
"som bekreftet at dette var rimelig bruk. Han bekreftet også at Fox ville "
-"\"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life\", uavhengig av "
+"<quote>depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life</quote>, uavhengig av "
"sannheten i mine krav. Han gjorde det klart at alt ville koke ned til hvem "
"som hadde flest jurister og dypest lommer, jeg eller dem."
"The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
"are up against a release deadline and out of money."
msgstr ""
-"Spørsmålet om \"fair use\" dukker om regel opp helt mot slutten av "
+"Spørsmålet om <quote>fair use</quote> dukker om regel opp helt mot slutten av "
"prosjektet, når vi nærmer oss siste frist og er tomme for penger."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"effective fair use for many types of creators is slight. The law has the "
"right aim; practice has defeated the aim."
msgstr ""
-"I teorien betyr \"fair use\" at du ikke trenger tillatelse. Teorien støtter "
+"I teorien betyr <quote>fair use</quote> at du ikke trenger tillatelse. Teorien støtter "
"derfor den frie kultur og arbeider mot tillatelseskulturen. Men i praksis "
-"fungerer \"fair use\" helt annerledes. Men de uklare linjene i lovverket, "
+"fungerer <quote>fair use</quote> helt annerledes. Men de uklare linjene i lovverket, "
"samt de fryktelige konsekvensene dersom man tar feil, gjør at mange "
-"kunstnere ikke stoler på \"fair use\". Loven har en svært god hensikt, men "
+"kunstnere ikke stoler på <quote>fair use</quote>. Loven har en svært god hensikt, men "
"praksisen har ikke fulgt opp."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. \"Our goal was "
-"that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's films,\" "
-"Alben told me. It was here that the problem arose. \"No one had ever really "
-"done this before,\" Alben explained. \"No one had ever tried to do this in "
-"the context of an artistic look at an actor's career.\""
+"Then Alben and his team decided to include actual film clips. <quote>Our "
+"goal was that we were going to have a clip from every one of Eastwood's "
+"films,</quote> Alben told me. It was here that the problem arose. <quote>No "
+"one had ever really done this before,</quote> Alben explained. <quote>No one "
+"had ever tried to do this in the context of an artistic look at an actor's "
+"career.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"deretter alben og hans team besluttet å inkludere faktiske film klipp. "
"\"vårt mål var at vi skulle ha et klipp fra hver og en av Eastwoods film,\" "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alben brought the idea to Michael Slade, the CEO of Starwave. Slade asked, "
-"\"Well, what will it take?\""
+"<quote>Well, what will it take?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Alben brakt idéen til michael slade, ceo i starwave. Slade som ble spurt, "
"\"Vel, hva vil det ta?\""
msgid ""
"Technically, the rights that Alben had to clear were mainly those of "
"publicity—rights an artist has to control the commercial exploitation "
-"of his image. But these rights, too, burden \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" creativity, "
-"as this chapter evinces. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"of his image. But these rights, too, burden <quote>Rip, Mix, Burn</quote> "
+"creativity, as this chapter evinces. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"teknisk, rettighetene som alben hadde å fjerne var hovedsakelig de "
"publisitet—rettigheter kunstner har til å kontrollere kommersiell "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Alben replied, \"Well, we're going to have to clear rights from everyone who "
-"appears in these films, and the music and everything else that we want to "
-"use in these film clips.\" Slade said, \"Great! Go for it.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Alben replied, <quote>Well, we're going to have to clear rights from "
+"everyone who appears in these films, and the music and everything else that "
+"we want to use in these film clips.</quote> Slade said, <quote>Great! Go for "
+"it.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So we very mechanically went about looking up the film clips. We made some "
"artistic decisions about what film clips to include—of course we were "
-"going to use the \"Make my day\" clip from <citetitle>Dirty Harry</"
-"citetitle>. But you then need to get the guy on the ground who's wiggling "
-"under the gun and you need to get his permission. And then you have to "
-"decide what you are going to pay him."
+"going to use the <quote>Make my day</quote> clip from <citetitle>Dirty "
+"Harry</citetitle>. But you then need to get the guy on the ground who's "
+"wiggling under the gun and you need to get his permission. And then you "
+"have to decide what you are going to pay him."
msgstr ""
"så vi gikk veldig mekanisk about looking up film klipp. Vi har gjort noen "
"kunstneriske beslutninger om hva film klipp for å inkludere—"
msgid ""
"Some actors were glad to help—Donald Sutherland, for example, followed "
"up himself to be sure that the rights had been cleared. Others were "
-"dumbfounded at their good fortune. Alben would ask, \"Hey, can I pay you "
-"$600 or maybe if you were in two films, you know, $1,200?\" And they would "
-"say, \"Are you for real? Hey, I'd love to get $1,200.\" And some of course "
-"were a bit difficult (estranged ex-wives, in particular). But eventually, "
-"Alben and his team had cleared the rights to this retrospective CD-ROM on "
-"Clint Eastwood's career."
+"dumbfounded at their good fortune. Alben would ask, <quote>Hey, can I pay "
+"you $600 or maybe if you were in two films, you know, $1,200?</quote> And "
+"they would say, <quote>Are you for real? Hey, I'd love to get $1,200.</"
+"quote> And some of course were a bit difficult (estranged ex-wives, in "
+"particular). But eventually, Alben and his team had cleared the rights to "
+"this retrospective CD-ROM on Clint Eastwood's career."
msgstr ""
"enkelte aktører var glad for å hjelpe—donald sutherland, for eksempel "
"fulgt opp seg å være sikker på at rettigheter hadde blitt fjernet. andre var "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later—\"and even then we weren't "
-"sure whether we were totally in the clear.\""
+"It was one <emphasis>year</emphasis> later—<quote>and even then we "
+"weren't sure whether we were totally in the clear.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Det var ett år senere, \"og selv da vi var ikke sikker på om vi var helt i "
"klartekst.\""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Everyone thought it would be too hard. Everyone just threw up their hands "
-"and said, \"Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the music, "
-"there's the screenplay, there's the director, there's the actors.\" But we "
-"just broke it down. We just put it into its constituent parts and said, "
-"\"Okay, there's this many actors, this many directors, … this many "
-"musicians,\" and we just went at it very systematically and cleared the "
-"rights."
+"and said, <quote>Oh, my gosh, a film, it's so many copyrights, there's the "
+"music, there's the screenplay, there's the director, there's the actors.</"
+"quote> But we just broke it down. We just put it into its constituent parts "
+"and said, <quote>Okay, there's this many actors, this many directors, "
+"… this many musicians,</quote> and we just went at it very "
+"systematically and cleared the rights."
msgstr ""
"alle trodde det ville være for hardt. alle bare kastet opp sine hender og "
"sa, \"oh, mine gosh, en film, det er så mange opphavsrettigheter, er det "
msgid ""
"But I pressed Alben about how weird it seems that it would have to take a "
"year's work simply to clear rights. No doubt Alben had done this "
-"efficiently, but as Peter Drucker has famously quipped, \"There is nothing "
-"so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all."
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Did it make sense, I asked "
+"efficiently, but as Peter Drucker has famously quipped, <quote>There is "
+"nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all."
+"
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Did it make sense, I asked "
"Alben, that this is the way a new work has to be made?"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"For, as he acknowledged, \"very few … have the time and resources, "
-"and the will to do this,\" and thus, very few such works would ever be made. "
-"Does it make sense, I asked him, from the standpoint of what anybody really "
-"thought they were ever giving rights for originally, that you would have to "
-"go clear rights for these kinds of clips?"
+"For, as he acknowledged, <quote>very few … have the time and "
+"resources, and the will to do this,</quote> and thus, very few such works "
+"would ever be made. Does it make sense, I asked him, from the standpoint of "
+"what anybody really thought they were ever giving rights for originally, "
+"that you would have to go clear rights for these kinds of clips?"
msgstr ""
"for, som han erkjente, \"svært få... har tid og ressurser og viljen til å "
"gjøre dette,\" og dermed svært få slike arbeider noensinne vil bli gjort. "
"product hard to get off the ground. If you knew I have a hundred minutes of "
"film in this product and it's going to cost me X, then you build your budget "
"around it, and you can get investments and everything else that you need to "
-"produce it. But if you say, \"Oh, I want a hundred minutes of something and "
-"I have no idea what it's going to cost me, and a certain number of people "
-"are going to hold me up for money,\" then it becomes difficult to put one of "
-"these things together."
+"produce it. But if you say, <quote>Oh, I want a hundred minutes of something "
+"and I have no idea what it's going to cost me, and a certain number of "
+"people are going to hold me up for money,</quote> then it becomes difficult "
+"to put one of these things together."
msgstr ""
"absolutt. Jeg tror at hvis det var noen fair-lisensiering mekanisme—"
"der du ikke var underlagt hold-ups, og du ikke var underlagt fraseparerte "
"Francisco.) These rights might well have once made sense; but as "
"circumstances change, they make no sense at all. Or at least, a well-"
"trained, regulationminimizing Republican should look at the rights and ask, "
-"\"Does this still make sense?\""
+"<quote>Does this still make sense?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Alben jobbet for et stort selskap. hans selskap var støttet av noen av de "
"rikeste investorene i verden. derfor hadde han myndighet og pålogging som "
"perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
"an astonished look on his face, as he peered across the room of over 250 "
"well-entertained judges. Taking an ominous tone, he began his talk with a "
-"question: \"Do you know how many federal laws were just violated in this "
-"room?\""
+"question: <quote>Do you know how many federal laws were just violated in "
+"this room?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Da lysene kom på, kikket jeg over til min medpaneldeltager, David Nimmer, "
"kanskje den ledende opphavsrettakademiker og utøver i nasjonen. Han hadde en "
"forbauset uttrykk i ansiktet sitt, mens han tittet ut over rommet med over "
"250 godt underholdte dommere. Med en en illevarslende tone, begynte han sin "
-"tale med et spørsmål: \"Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
-"i dette rommet?\""
+"tale med et spørsmål: <quote>Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
+"i dette rommet?</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Boies, David"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"We live in a \"cut and paste\" culture enabled by technology. Anyone "
-"building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom that the cut and "
-"paste architecture of the Internet created—in a second you can find "
-"just about any image you want; in another second, you can have it planted in "
-"your presentation."
+"We live in a <quote>cut and paste</quote> culture enabled by technology. "
+"Anyone building a presentation knows the extraordinary freedom that the cut "
+"and paste architecture of the Internet created—in a second you can "
+"find just about any image you want; in another second, you can have it "
+"planted in your presentation."
msgstr ""
"Vi lever i en \"klippe og lime\" kultur aktiveres av teknologi. alle bygge "
"en presentasjon vet ekstraordinære friheten som klippe- og limefunksjon "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators wanted "
-"to be \"legal,\" the cost of complying with the law is impossibly high. "
-"Therefore, for the law-abiding sorts, a wealth of creativity is never made. "
-"And for that part that is made, if it doesn't follow the clearance rules, it "
-"doesn't get released."
+"to be <quote>legal,</quote> the cost of complying with the law is impossibly "
+"high. Therefore, for the law-abiding sorts, a wealth of creativity is never "
+"made. And for that part that is made, if it doesn't follow the clearance "
+"rules, it doesn't get released."
msgstr ""
"alle disse kreasjoner er teknisk ulovlig. Selv om skaperne ønsket å være "
"\"lovlig\", er kostnadene for å overholde loven impossibly høy. Derfor "
"To some, these stories suggest a solution: Let's alter the mix of rights so "
"that people are free to build upon our culture. Free to add or mix as they "
"see fit. We could even make this change without necessarily requiring that "
-"the \"free\" use be free as in \"free beer.\" Instead, the system could "
-"simply make it easy for follow-on creators to compensate artists without "
-"requiring an army of lawyers to come along: a rule, for example, that says "
-"\"the royalty owed the copyright owner of an unregistered work for the "
-"derivative reuse of his work will be a flat 1 percent of net revenues, to be "
-"held in escrow for the copyright owner.\" Under this rule, the copyright "
-"owner could benefit from some royalty, but he would not have the benefit of "
-"a full property right (meaning the right to name his own price) unless he "
-"registers the work."
+"the <quote>free</quote> use be free as in <quote>free beer.</quote> Instead, "
+"the system could simply make it easy for follow-on creators to compensate "
+"artists without requiring an army of lawyers to come along: a rule, for "
+"example, that says <quote>the royalty owed the copyright owner of an "
+"unregistered work for the derivative reuse of his work will be a flat 1 "
+"percent of net revenues, to be held in escrow for the copyright owner.</"
+"quote> Under this rule, the copyright owner could benefit from some royalty, "
+"but he would not have the benefit of a full property right (meaning the "
+"right to name his own price) unless he registers the work."
msgstr ""
"til noen, disse historiene foreslå en løsning: La oss endre blanding av "
"rettigheter, slik at folk er gratis å bygge på vår kultur. gratis å legge "
"In February 2003, DreamWorks studios announced an agreement with Mike Myers, "
"the comic genius of <citetitle>Saturday Night Live</citetitle> and Austin "
"Powers. According to the announcement, Myers and Dream-Works would work "
-"together to form a \"unique filmmaking pact.\" Under the agreement, "
-"DreamWorks \"will acquire the rights to existing motion picture hits and "
-"classics, write new storylines and—with the use of stateof-the-art "
-"digital technology—insert Myers and other actors into the film, "
-"thereby creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.\""
+"together to form a <quote>unique filmmaking pact.</quote> Under the "
+"agreement, DreamWorks <quote>will acquire the rights to existing motion "
+"picture hits and classics, write new storylines and—with the use of "
+"stateof-the-art digital technology—insert Myers and other actors into "
+"the film, thereby creating an entirely new piece of entertainment.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"i februar 2003 annonsert dreamworks studios en avtale med mike myers, comic "
"geni av lørdag natt live og austin powers. Ifølge utlysningen, myers og drøm-"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The announcement called this \"film sampling.\" As Myers explained, \"Film "
-"Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin on existing films and "
-"allow audiences to see old movies in a new light. Rap artists have been "
-"doing this for years with music and now we are able to take that same "
-"concept and apply it to film.\" Steven Spielberg is quoted as saying, \"If "
-"anyone can create a way to bring old films to new audiences, it is Mike.\""
+"The announcement called this <quote>film sampling.</quote> As Myers "
+"explained, <quote>Film Sampling is an exciting way to put an original spin "
+"on existing films and allow audiences to see old movies in a new light. Rap "
+"artists have been doing this for years with music and now we are able to "
+"take that same concept and apply it to film.</quote> Steven Spielberg is "
+"quoted as saying, <quote>If anyone can create a way to bring old films to "
+"new audiences, it is Mike.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"utlysningen kalles denne \"film prøvetaking.\" som myers forklart, \"film "
"prøvetaking er en spennende måte å sette en opprinnelige spinn på "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This privilege becomes reserved for two sorts of reasons. The first "
-"continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of \"fair use.\" Much "
-"of \"sampling\" should be considered \"fair use.\" But few would rely upon "
-"so weak a doctrine to create. That leads to the second reason that the "
-"privilege is reserved for the few: The costs of negotiating the legal rights "
-"for the creative reuse of content are astronomically high. These costs "
-"mirror the costs with fair use: You either pay a lawyer to defend your fair "
-"use rights or pay a lawyer to track down permissions so you don't have to "
-"rely upon fair use rights. Either way, the creative process is a process of "
-"paying lawyers—again a privilege, or perhaps a curse, reserved for the "
-"few."
+"continues the story of the last chapter: the vagueness of <quote>fair use.</"
+"quote> Much of <quote>sampling</quote> should be considered <quote>fair use."
+"</quote> But few would rely upon so weak a doctrine to create. That leads to "
+"the second reason that the privilege is reserved for the few: The costs of "
+"negotiating the legal rights for the creative reuse of content are "
+"astronomically high. These costs mirror the costs with fair use: You either "
+"pay a lawyer to defend your fair use rights or pay a lawyer to track down "
+"permissions so you don't have to rely upon fair use rights. Either way, the "
+"creative process is a process of paying lawyers—again a privilege, or "
+"perhaps a curse, reserved for the few."
msgstr ""
"dette privilegiet blir reservert for to slags grunner. først fortsetter "
"historien om det siste kapitlet: vagueness av \"rettferdig bruk.\" mye av "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"In April 1996, millions of \"bots\"—computer codes designed to "
-"\"spider,\" or automatically search the Internet and copy content—"
-"began running across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied Internet-based "
-"information onto a small set of computers located in a basement in San "
-"Francisco's Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of the Internet, they "
-"started again. Over and over again, once every two months, these bits of "
-"code took copies of the Internet and stored them."
+"In April 1996, millions of <quote>bots</quote>—computer codes designed "
+"to <quote>spider,</quote> or automatically search the Internet and copy "
+"content—began running across the Net. Page by page, these bots copied "
+"Internet-based information onto a small set of computers located in a "
+"basement in San Francisco's Presidio. Once the bots finished the whole of "
+"the Internet, they started again. Over and over again, once every two "
+"months, these bits of code took copies of the Internet and stored them."
msgstr ""
"I april 1996 begynte millioner av \"bots\"—datakode utformet til "
"\"edderkopp\", eller automatisk søke Internett og kopiere innholdet—"
"By October 2001, the bots had collected more than five years of copies. And "
"at a small announcement in Berkeley, California, the archive that these "
"copies created, the Internet Archive, was opened to the world. Using a "
-"technology called \"the Way Back Machine,\" you could enter a Web page, and "
-"see all of its copies going back to 1996, as well as when those pages "
-"changed."
+"technology called <quote>the Way Back Machine,</quote> you could enter a Web "
+"page, and see all of its copies going back to 1996, as well as when those "
+"pages changed."
msgstr ""
"av oktober 2001, roboter hadde samlet inn mer enn fem år av Kopier. og på en "
"liten pressemelding i berkeley, california, arkivet som disse kopiene "
msgid ""
"The temptations remain, however. Brewster Kahle reports that the White House "
"changes its own press releases without notice. A May 13, 2003, press release "
-"stated, \"Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.\" That was later changed, "
-"without notice, to \"Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.\" E-mail "
-"from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003."
+"stated, <quote>Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended.</quote> That was later "
+"changed, without notice, to <quote>Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have "
+"Ended.</quote> E-mail from Brewster Kahle, 1 December 2003."
msgstr ""
"fristelsene fortsatt, men. Brewster kahle rapporterer at det hvite hus "
"endrer sin egen pressemeldinger uten varsel. en mai 13, 2003, pressemelding "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Way Back Machine is the largest archive of human knowledge in human "
-"history. At the end of 2002, it held \"two hundred and thirty terabytes of "
-"material\"—and was \"ten times larger than the Library of Congress.\" "
-"And this was just the first of the archives that Kahle set out to build. In "
-"addition to the Internet Archive, Kahle has been constructing the Television "
-"Archive. Television, it turns out, is even more ephemeral than the Internet. "
-"While much of twentieth-century culture was constructed through television, "
-"only a tiny proportion of that culture is available for anyone to see today. "
-"Three hours of news are recorded each evening by Vanderbilt University—"
-"thanks to a specific exemption in the copyright law. That content is "
-"indexed, and is available to scholars for a very low fee. \"But other than "
-"that, [television] is almost unavailable,\" Kahle told me. \"If you were "
-"Barbara Walters you could get access to [the archives], but if you are just "
-"a graduate student?\" As Kahle put it,"
+"history. At the end of 2002, it held <quote>two hundred and thirty terabytes "
+"of material</quote>—and was <quote>ten times larger than the Library "
+"of Congress.</quote> And this was just the first of the archives that Kahle "
+"set out to build. In addition to the Internet Archive, Kahle has been "
+"constructing the Television Archive. Television, it turns out, is even more "
+"ephemeral than the Internet. While much of twentieth-century culture was "
+"constructed through television, only a tiny proportion of that culture is "
+"available for anyone to see today. Three hours of news are recorded each "
+"evening by Vanderbilt University—thanks to a specific exemption in the "
+"copyright law. That content is indexed, and is available to scholars for a "
+"very low fee. <quote>But other than that, [television] is almost unavailable,"
+"</quote> Kahle told me. <quote>If you were Barbara Walters you could get "
+"access to [the archives], but if you are just a graduate student?</quote> As "
+"Kahle put it,"
msgstr ""
"vei tilbake er maskinen bortimot komplett arkiv over menneskelig kunnskap i "
"menneskehetens historie. på slutten av 2002, det holdt \"to hundre og tredve "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Doug Herrick, \"Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at the "
-"Library of Congress,\" <citetitle>Film Library Quarterly</citetitle> 13 nos. "
-"2–3 (1980): 5; Anthony Slide, <citetitle>Nitrate Won't Wait: A History "
-"of Film Preservation in the United States</citetitle> ( Jefferson, N.C.: "
-"McFarland & Co., 1992), 36."
+"Doug Herrick, <quote>Toward a National Film Collection: Motion Pictures at "
+"the Library of Congress,</quote> <citetitle>Film Library Quarterly</"
+"citetitle> 13 nos. 2–3 (1980): 5; Anthony Slide, <citetitle>Nitrate "
+"Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States</citetitle> "
+"( Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 1992), 36."
msgstr ""
"Doug herrick, \"mot en nasjonal Filmsamling: filmindustrien på library of "
"congress,\" film biblioteket kvartalsvise 13 nr 23 (1980): 5; Anthony "
"made an exception for film. Film could be copyrighted so long as such "
"deposits were made. But the filmmaker was then allowed to borrow back the "
"deposits—for an unlimited time at no cost. In 1915 alone, there were "
-"more than 5,475 films deposited and \"borrowed back.\" Thus, when the "
-"copyrights to films expire, there is no copy held by any library. The copy "
-"exists—if it exists at all—in the library archive of the film "
-"company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"more than 5,475 films deposited and <quote>borrowed back.</quote> Thus, when "
+"the copyrights to films expire, there is no copy held by any library. The "
+"copy exists—if it exists at all—in the library archive of the "
+"
film company.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The same is generally true about television. Television broadcasts were "
"originally not copyrighted—there was no way to capture the broadcasts, "
-"so there was no fear of \"theft.\" But as technology enabled capturing, "
-"broadcasters relied increasingly upon the law. The law required they make a "
-"copy of each broadcast for the work to be \"copyrighted.\" But those copies "
-"were simply kept by the broadcasters. No library had any right to them; the "
-"government didn't demand them. The content of this part of American culture "
-"is practically invisible to anyone who would look."
+"so there was no fear of <quote>theft.</quote> But as technology enabled "
+"capturing, broadcasters relied increasingly upon the law. The law required "
+"they make a copy of each broadcast for the work to be <quote>copyrighted.</"
+"quote> But those copies were simply kept by the broadcasters. No library had "
+"any right to them; the government didn't demand them. The content of this "
+"part of American culture is practically invisible to anyone who would look."
msgstr ""
"det samme gjelder generelt om TV. fjernsynssendinger var opprinnelig ikke "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet—det var ikke mulig å fange sendinger, så det var "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Kahle had the same idea with film. Working with Rick Prelinger, whose "
-"archive of film includes close to 45,000 \"ephemeral films\" (meaning films "
-"other than Hollywood movies, films that were never copyrighted), Kahle "
-"established the Movie Archive. Prelinger let Kahle digitize 1,300 films in "
-"this archive and post those films on the Internet to be downloaded for free. "
-"Prelinger's is a for-profit company. It sells copies of these films as stock "
-"footage. What he has discovered is that after he made a significant chunk "
-"available for free, his stock footage sales went up dramatically. People "
-"could easily find the material they wanted to use. Some downloaded that "
-"material and made films on their own. Others purchased copies to enable "
-"other films to be made. Either way, the archive enabled access to this "
-"important part of our culture. Want to see a copy of the \"Duck and Cover\" "
-"film that instructed children how to save themselves in the middle of "
-"nuclear attack? Go to archive.org, and you can download the film in a few "
-"minutes—for free. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"archive of film includes close to 45,000 <quote>ephemeral films</quote> "
+"(meaning films other than Hollywood movies, films that were never "
+"copyrighted), Kahle established the Movie Archive. Prelinger let Kahle "
+"digitize 1,300 films in this archive and post those films on the Internet to "
+"be downloaded for free. Prelinger's is a for-profit company. It sells copies "
+"of these films as stock footage. What he has discovered is that after he "
+"made a significant chunk available for free, his stock footage sales went up "
+"dramatically. People could easily find the material they wanted to use. Some "
+"downloaded that material and made films on their own. Others purchased "
+"copies to enable other films to be made. Either way, the archive enabled "
+"access to this important part of our culture. Want to see a copy of the "
+"<quote>Duck and Cover</quote> film that instructed children how to save "
+"themselves in the middle of nuclear attack? Go to archive.org, and you can "
+"download the film in a few minutes—for free. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Kahle hatt samme idé med film. arbeide med rick prelinger, som har arkiv av "
"filmen inkluderer nær 45.000 \"flyktige filmer\" (det vil si filmer enn "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For here is an idea that we should more clearly recognize. Every bit of "
-"creative property goes through different \"lives.\" In its first life, if "
-"the creator is lucky, the content is sold. In such cases the commercial "
-"market is successful for the creator. The vast majority of creative property "
-"doesn't enjoy such success, but some clearly does. For that content, "
-"commercial life is extremely important. Without this commercial market, "
-"there would be, many argue, much less creativity."
+"creative property goes through different <quote>lives.</quote> In its first "
+"life, if the creator is lucky, the content is sold. In such cases the "
+"commercial market is successful for the creator. The vast majority of "
+"creative property doesn't enjoy such success, but some clearly does. For "
+"that content, commercial life is extremely important. Without this "
+"commercial market, there would be, many argue, much less creativity."
msgstr ""
"Her er en idé som vi skal klarere gjenkjenne. hver bit av kreative "
"egenskapen går gjennom ulike \"liv.\" i sin første liv, hvis skaperen er "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Dave Barns, \"Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, Bar "
-"Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,\" <citetitle>Chicago "
-"Tribune</citetitle>, 5 September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. Of books published "
-"between 1927 and 1946, only 2.2 percent were in print in 2002. R. Anthony "
-"Reese, \"The First Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks,\" "
-"<citetitle>Boston College Law Review</citetitle> 44 (2003): 593 n. 51."
+"Dave Barns, <quote>Fledgling Career in Antique Books: Woodstock Landlord, "
+"Bar Owner Starts a New Chapter by Adopting Business,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 5 September 1997, at Metro Lake 1L. "
+"Of books published between 1927 and 1946, only 2.2 percent were in print in "
+"2002. R. Anthony Reese, <quote>The First Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital "
+"Networks,</quote> <citetitle>Boston College Law Review</citetitle> 44 "
+"(2003): 593 n. 51."
msgstr ""
"Dave barns, \"fledgling karriere i antikke bøker: woodstock utleier, bar "
"eier starter et nytt kapittel ved å innta virksomhet,\" chicago tribune, 5 "
msgid ""
"Technologists have thus removed the economic costs of building such an "
"archive. But lawyers' costs remain. For as much as we might like to call "
-"these \"archives,\" as warm as the idea of a \"library\" might seem, the "
-"\"content\" that is collected in these digital spaces is also someone's "
-"\"property.\" And the law of property restricts the freedoms that Kahle and "
-"others would exercise."
+"these <quote>archives,</quote> as warm as the idea of a <quote>library</"
+"quote> might seem, the <quote>content</quote> that is collected in these "
+"digital spaces is also someone's <quote>property.</quote> And the law of "
+"property restricts the freedoms that Kahle and others would exercise."
msgstr ""
"Teknologorganisasjon har dermed fjernet de økonomiske kostnadene med å bygge "
"et slikt arkiv. men fortsatt advokater kostnader. for så mye som vi kanskje "
"og andre vil utøve."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
-msgid "CHAPTER TEN: \"Property\""
-msgstr "Kapittel ti: \"Eiendom\""
+msgid "CHAPTER TEN: <quote>Property</quote>"
+msgstr "Kapittel ti: <quote>Eiendom</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Johnson, Lyndon"
"system, it has probably avoided a great deal of speech-regulating harm. But "
"there is an aspect to the organization's mission that is both the most "
"radical and the most important. This is the organization's effort, "
-"epitomized in Valenti's every act, to redefine the meaning of \"creative "
-"property.\""
+"epitomized in Valenti's every act, to redefine the meaning of "
+"<quote>creative property.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"til å forsvare kunstneriske frihet og ytringsfriheten som avhenger av vår "
"kultur, har mpaa gjort viktig gode. i laging Toppliste mpaa, har det "
msgid ""
"The strategy of this rhetoric, like the strategy of most of Valenti's "
"rhetoric, is brilliant and simple and brilliant because simple. The "
-"\"central theme\" to which \"reasonable men and women\" will return is this: "
-"\"Creative property owners must be accorded the same rights and protections "
-"resident in all other property owners in the nation.\" There are no second-"
-"class citizens, Valenti might have continued. There should be no second-"
-"class property owners."
+"<quote>central theme</quote> to which <quote>reasonable men and women</"
+"quote> will return is this: <quote>Creative property owners must be accorded "
+"the same rights and protections resident in all other property owners in the "
+"nation.</quote> There are no second-class citizens, Valenti might have "
+"continued. There should be no second-class property owners."
msgstr ""
"strategien for denne retorikk, som strategi for de fleste av valenti's "
"retorikk, er strålende og enkel og strålende fordi enkel. \"sentrale temaet"
"made by <emphasis>anyone</emphasis> who is serious in this debate than this "
"claim of Valenti's. Jack Valenti, however sweet and however brilliant, is "
"perhaps the nation's foremost extremist when it comes to the nature and "
-"scope of \"creative property.\" His views have <emphasis>no</emphasis> "
-"reasonable connection to our actual legal tradition, even if the subtle pull "
-"of his Texan charm has slowly redefined that tradition, at least in "
-"Washington."
+"scope of <quote>creative property.</quote> His views have <emphasis>no</"
+"emphasis> reasonable connection to our actual legal tradition, even if the "
+"subtle pull of his Texan charm has slowly redefined that tradition, at least "
+"in Washington."
msgstr ""
"denne påstanden har en tydelig og kraftig intuitivt trekk. Det er oppgitt "
"med slike klarhet som å gjøre idéen tydelig som oppfatningen at vi bruker "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Lawyers speak of \"property\" not as an absolute thing, but as a bundle of "
-"rights that are sometimes associated with a particular object. Thus, my "
-"\"property right\" to my car gives me the right to exclusive use, but not "
-"the right to drive at 150 miles an hour. For the best effort to connect the "
-"ordinary meaning of \"property\" to \"lawyer talk,\" see Bruce Ackerman, "
-"<citetitle>Private Property and the Constitution</citetitle> (New Haven: "
-"Yale University Press, 1977), 26–27."
+"Lawyers speak of <quote>property</quote> not as an absolute thing, but as a "
+"bundle of rights that are sometimes associated with a particular object. "
+"Thus, my <quote>property right</quote> to my car gives me the right to "
+"exclusive use, but not the right to drive at 150 miles an hour. For the best "
+"effort to connect the ordinary meaning of <quote>property</quote> to "
+"<quote>lawyer talk,</quote> see Bruce Ackerman, <citetitle>Private Property "
+"and the Constitution</citetitle> (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), "
+"26–27."
msgstr ""
"advokater snakker om \"property\" ikke som en absolute ting, men som en bunt "
"av rettigheter som er noen ganger knyttet til bestemte objekter. Dermed gir "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"While \"creative property\" is certainly \"property\" in a nerdy and precise "
-"sense that lawyers are trained to understand,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> it has never been the case, nor should it be, that \"creative "
-"property owners\" have been \"accorded the same rights and protection "
-"resident in all other property owners.\" Indeed, if creative property owners "
-"were given the same rights as all other property owners, that would effect a "
-"radical, and radically undesirable, change in our tradition."
+"While <quote>creative property</quote> is certainly <quote>property</quote> "
+"in a nerdy and precise sense that lawyers are trained to understand,"
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it has never been the case, nor "
+"should it be, that <quote>creative property owners</quote> have been "
+"<quote>accorded the same rights and protection resident in all other "
+"property owners.</quote> Indeed, if creative property owners were given the "
+"same rights as all other property owners, that would effect a radical, and "
+"radically undesirable, change in our tradition."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The framers of our Constitution loved \"property.\" Indeed, so strongly did "
-"they love property that they built into the Constitution an important "
-"requirement. If the government takes your property—if it condemns your "
-"house, or acquires a slice of land from your farm—it is required, "
-"under the Fifth Amendment's \"Takings Clause,\" to pay you \"just "
-"compensation\" for that taking. The Constitution thus guarantees that "
-"property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot <emphasis>ever</emphasis> "
-"be taken from the property owner unless the government pays for the "
-"privilege."
+"The framers of our Constitution loved <quote>property.</quote> Indeed, so "
+"strongly did they love property that they built into the Constitution an "
+"important requirement. If the government takes your property—if it "
+"condemns your house, or acquires a slice of land from your farm—it is "
+"required, under the Fifth Amendment's <quote>Takings Clause,</quote> to pay "
+"you <quote>just compensation</quote> for that taking. The Constitution thus "
+"guarantees that property is, in a certain sense, sacred. It cannot "
+"<emphasis>ever</emphasis> be taken from the property owner unless the "
+"government pays for the privilege."
msgstr ""
"forfatterne av vår grunnlov elsket \"egenskapen.\" faktisk så sterkt gjorde "
"de elsker egenskapen at de innebygd i Grunnloven et viktig krav. Hvis "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Yet the very same Constitution speaks very differently about what Valenti "
-"calls \"creative property.\" In the clause granting Congress the power to "
-"create \"creative property,\" the Constitution <emphasis>requires</emphasis> "
-"that after a \"limited time,\" Congress take back the rights that it has "
-"granted and set the \"creative property\" free to the public domain. Yet "
-"when Congress does this, when the expiration of a copyright term \"takes\" "
-"your copyright and turns it over to the public domain, Congress does not "
-"have any obligation to pay \"just compensation\" for this \"taking.\" "
-"Instead, the same Constitution that requires compensation for your land "
-"requires that you lose your \"creative property\" right without any "
-"compensation at all."
+"calls <quote>creative property.</quote> In the clause granting Congress the "
+"power to create <quote>creative property,</quote> the Constitution "
+"<emphasis>requires</emphasis> that after a <quote>limited time,</quote> "
+"Congress take back the rights that it has granted and set the "
+"<quote>creative property</quote> free to the public domain. Yet when "
+"Congress does this, when the expiration of a copyright term <quote>takes</"
+"quote> your copyright and turns it over to the public domain, Congress does "
+"not have any obligation to pay <quote>just compensation</quote> for this "
+"<quote>taking.</quote> Instead, the same Constitution that requires "
+"compensation for your land requires that you lose your <quote>creative "
+"property</quote> right without any compensation at all."
msgstr ""
"men svært samme grunnlov snakker veldig annerledes om hva valenti samtaler "
"\"kreative egenskapen.\" i setningsdelen gir Kongressen makt til å opprette "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To answer this question, we need to get some perspective on the history of "
-"these \"creative property\" rights, and the control that they enabled. Once "
-"we see clearly how differently these rights have been defined, we will be in "
-"a better position to ask the question that should be at the core of this "
-"war: Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> creative property should be protected, "
-"but how. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> we will enforce the rights the law "
-"gives to creative-property owners, but what the particular mix of rights "
-"ought to be. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> artists should be paid, but "
-"whether institutions designed to assure that artists get paid need also "
-"control how culture develops."
+"these <quote>creative property</quote> rights, and the control that they "
+"enabled. Once we see clearly how differently these rights have been "
+"defined, we will be in a better position to ask the question that should be "
+"at the core of this war: Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> creative property "
+"should be protected, but how. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> we will "
+"enforce the rights the law gives to creative-property owners, but what the "
+"particular mix of rights ought to be. Not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> "
+"artists should be paid, but whether institutions designed to assure that "
+"artists get paid need also control how culture develops."
msgstr ""
"for å besvare dette spørsmålet, trenger vi å få noen perspektiv om disse "
"\"kreative eiendom\", og kontrollen som de aktivert historie. Når vi ser "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, \"architecture"
-"\"—the physical world as one finds it—is a constraint on "
-"behavior. A fallen bridge might constrain your ability to get across a "
-"river. Railroad tracks might constrain the ability of a community to "
-"integrate its social life. As with the market, architecture does not effect "
-"its constraint through ex post punishments. Instead, also as with the "
-"market, architecture effects its constraint through simultaneous conditions. "
-"These conditions are imposed not by courts enforcing contracts, or by police "
-"punishing theft, but by nature, by \"architecture.\" If a 500-pound boulder "
-"blocks your way, it is the law of gravity that enforces this constraint. If "
-"a $500 airplane ticket stands between you and a flight to New York, it is "
-"the market that enforces this constraint."
+"Finally, and for the moment, perhaps, most mysteriously, "
+"<quote>architecture</quote>—the physical world as one finds it—"
+"is a constraint on behavior. A fallen bridge might constrain your ability "
+"to get across a river. Railroad tracks might constrain the ability of a "
+"community to integrate its social life. As with the market, architecture "
+"does not effect its constraint through ex post punishments. Instead, also as "
+"with the market, architecture effects its constraint through simultaneous "
+"conditions. These conditions are imposed not by courts enforcing contracts, "
+"or by police punishing theft, but by nature, by <quote>architecture.</quote> "
+"If a 500-pound boulder blocks your way, it is the law of gravity that "
+"enforces this constraint. If a $500 airplane ticket stands between you and a "
+"flight to New York, it is the market that enforces this constraint."
msgstr ""
"til slutt, og for øyeblikket, kanskje mest mysteriously \"arkitektur\"—"
"den fysiske verden som en finner den—er en begrensning på atferd. en "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"So, for example, consider the \"freedom\" to drive a car at a high speed. "
-"That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that say how fast "
-"you can drive in particular places at particular times. It is in part "
-"restricted by architecture: speed bumps, for example, slow most rational "
-"drivers; governors in buses, as another example, set the maximum rate at "
-"which the driver can drive. The freedom is in part restricted by the market: "
-"Fuel efficiency drops as speed increases, thus the price of gasoline "
+"So, for example, consider the <quote>freedom</quote> to drive a car at a "
+"high speed. That freedom is in part restricted by laws: speed limits that "
+"say how fast you can drive in particular places at particular times. It is "
+"in part restricted by architecture: speed bumps, for example, slow most "
+"rational drivers; governors in buses, as another example, set the maximum "
+"rate at which the driver can drive. The freedom is in part restricted by the "
+"market: Fuel efficiency drops as speed increases, thus the price of gasoline "
"indirectly constrains speed. And finally, the norms of a community may or "
"may not constrain the freedom to speed. Drive at 50 mph by a school in your "
"own neighborhood and you're likely to be punished by the neighbors. The same "
"consciously to change the other three. The right of the other three is more "
"timidly expressed. See Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>Code: And Other Laws of "
"Cyberspace</citetitle> (New York: Basic Books, 1999): 90–95; Lawrence "
-"Lessig, \"The New Chicago School,\" <citetitle>Journal of Legal Studies</"
-"citetitle>, June 1998."
+"Lessig, <quote>The New Chicago School,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Legal "
+"Studies</citetitle>, June 1998."
msgstr ""
"ved å beskrive hvordan trenger ikke loven påvirker andre tre metoder, jeg "
"bety å foreslå at tre andre ikke påvirker lov. Selvfølgelig, de gjør. law's "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Some people object to this way of talking about \"liberty.\" They object "
-"because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at any "
-"particular moment are constraints imposed exclusively by the government. For "
-"instance, if a storm destroys a bridge, these people think it is meaningless "
-"to say that one's liberty has been restrained. A bridge has washed out, and "
-"it's harder to get from one place to another. To talk about this as a loss "
-"of freedom, they say, is to confuse the stuff of politics with the vagaries "
-"of ordinary life. I don't mean to deny the value in this narrower view, "
-"which depends upon the context of the inquiry. I do, however, mean to argue "
-"against any insistence that this narrower view is the only proper view of "
-"liberty. As I argued in <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, we come from a long "
-"tradition of political thought with a broader focus than the narrow question "
-"of what the government did when. John Stuart Mill defended freedom of "
-"speech, for example, from the tyranny of narrow minds, not from the fear of "
-"government prosecution; John Stuart Mill, <citetitle>On Liberty</citetitle> "
-"(Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19. John R. Commons famously "
-"defended the economic freedom of labor from constraints imposed by the "
-"market; John R. Commons, \"The Right to Work,\" in Malcom Rutherford and "
-"Warren J. Samuels, eds., <citetitle>John R. Commons: Selected Essays</"
-"citetitle> (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans with Disabilities "
-"Act increases the liberty of people with physical disabilities by changing "
-"the architecture of certain public places, thereby making access to those "
-"places easier; 42 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 12101 "
-"(2000). Each of these interventions to change existing conditions changes "
-"the liberty of a particular group. The effect of those interventions should "
-"be accounted for in order to understand the effective liberty that each of "
-"these groups might face. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"Some people object to this way of talking about <quote>liberty.</quote> They "
+"object because their focus when considering the constraints that exist at "
+"any particular moment are constraints imposed exclusively by the government. "
+"For instance, if a storm destroys a bridge, these people think it is "
+"meaningless to say that one's liberty has been restrained. A bridge has "
+"washed out, and it's harder to get from one place to another. To talk about "
+"this as a loss of freedom, they say, is to confuse the stuff of politics "
+"with the vagaries of ordinary life. I don't mean to deny the value in this "
+"narrower view, which depends upon the context of the inquiry. I do, however, "
+"mean to argue against any insistence that this narrower view is the only "
+"proper view of liberty. As I argued in <citetitle>Code</citetitle>, we come "
+"from a long tradition of political thought with a broader focus than the "
+"narrow question of what the government did when. John Stuart Mill defended "
+"freedom of speech, for example, from the tyranny of narrow minds, not from "
+"the fear of government prosecution; John Stuart Mill, <citetitle>On Liberty</"
+"citetitle> (Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co., 1978), 19. John R. Commons "
+"famously defended the economic freedom of labor from constraints imposed by "
+"the market; John R. Commons, <quote>The Right to Work,</quote> in Malcom "
+"Rutherford and Warren J. Samuels, eds., <citetitle>John R. Commons: Selected "
+"Essays</citetitle> (London: Routledge: 1997), 62. The Americans with "
+"Disabilities Act increases the liberty of people with physical disabilities "
+"by changing the architecture of certain public places, thereby making access "
+"to those places easier; 42 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, "
+"section 12101 (2000). Each of these interventions to change existing "
+"conditions changes the liberty of a particular group. The effect of those "
+"interventions should be accounted for in order to understand the effective "
+"liberty that each of these groups might face. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"
\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"noen mennesker objektet til denne måten av snakker om \"frihet.\" de "
"objektet fordi deres fokus når de vurderer begrensninger som finnes på et "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Neither this analysis nor the conclusions that follow are new to the "
-"warriors. Indeed, in a \"White Paper\" prepared by the Commerce Department "
-"(one heavily influenced by the copyright warriors) in 1995, this mix of "
-"regulatory modalities had already been identified and the strategy to "
+"warriors. Indeed, in a <quote>White Paper</quote> prepared by the Commerce "
+"Department (one heavily influenced by the copyright warriors) in 1995, this "
+"mix of regulatory modalities had already been identified and the strategy to "
"respond already mapped. In response to the changes the Internet had "
"effected, the White Paper argued (1) Congress should strengthen intellectual "
"property law, (2) businesses should adopt innovative marketing techniques, "
"innovation. And I would be the last person to argue that the changing "
"technology of the Internet has not had a profound effect on the content "
"industry's way of doing business, or as John Seely Brown describes it, its "
-"\"architecture of revenue.\""
+"<quote>architecture of revenue.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Således, det er ingenting galt eller overraskende i innhold bransjens "
"kampanje til å beskytte seg fra skadelige konsekvensene av en teknologisk "
#. f5
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Geoffrey Smith, \"Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a Bridge?\" "
-"BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #23</ulink>. For a more recent analysis of Kodak's "
-"place in the market, see Chana R. Schoenberger, \"Can Kodak Make Up for Lost "
-"Moments?\" Forbes.com, 6 October 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #24</ulink>."
+"See Geoffrey Smith, <quote>Film vs. Digital: Can Kodak Build a Bridge?</"
+"quote> BusinessWeek online, 2 August 1999, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #23</ulink>. For a more recent analysis of "
+"Kodak's place in the market, see Chana R. Schoenberger, <quote>Can Kodak "
+"Make Up for Lost Moments?</quote> Forbes.com, 6 October 2003, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #24</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"freight business for railroads. Does anyone think we should ban trucks from "
"roads <emphasis>for the purpose of</emphasis> protecting the railroads? "
"Closer to the subject of this book, remote channel changers have weakened "
-"the \"stickiness\" of television advertising (if a boring commercial comes "
-"on the TV, the remote makes it easy to surf ), and it may well be that this "
-"change has weakened the television advertising market. But does anyone "
-"believe we should regulate remotes to reinforce commercial television? "
-"(Maybe by limiting them to function only once a second, or to switch to only "
-"ten channels within an hour?)"
+"the <quote>stickiness</quote> of television advertising (if a boring "
+"commercial comes on the TV, the remote makes it easy to surf ), and it may "
+"well be that this change has weakened the television advertising market. But "
+"does anyone believe we should regulate remotes to reinforce commercial "
+"television? (Maybe by limiting them to function only once a second, or to "
+"switch to only ten channels within an hour?)"
msgstr ""
#. f6
"others. Its role is not to pick winners and protect them against loss. If "
"the government did this generally, then we would never have any progress. As "
"Microsoft chairman Bill Gates wrote in 1991, in a memo criticizing software "
-"patents, \"established companies have an interest in excluding future "
-"competitors.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And relative to a "
-"startup, established companies also have the means. (Think RCA and FM "
+"patents, <quote>established companies have an interest in excluding future "
+"competitors.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And relative "
+"to a startup, established companies also have the means. (Think RCA and FM "
"radio.) A world in which competitors with new ideas must fight not only the "
"market but also the government is a world in which competitors with new "
"ideas will not succeed. It is a world of stasis and increasingly "
"wary of the request. It is always a bad deal for the government to get into "
"the business of regulating speech markets. The risks and dangers of that "
"game are precisely why our framers created the First Amendment to our "
-"Constitution: \"Congress shall make no law … abridging the freedom of "
-"speech.\" So when Congress is being asked to pass laws that would \"abridge"
-"\" the freedom of speech, it should ask— carefully—whether such "
-"regulation is justified."
+"Constitution: <quote>Congress shall make no law … abridging the "
+"freedom of speech.</quote> So when Congress is being asked to pass laws that "
+"would <quote>abridge</quote> the freedom of speech, it should ask— "
+"carefully—whether such regulation is justified."
msgstr ""
"i sammenheng med lover som regulerer tale—, og som omfatter, "
"tydeligvis, copyright lov—at plikt er enda sterkere. Når industrien "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My argument just now, however, has nothing to do with whether the changes "
-"that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are \"justified.\" My "
-"argument is about their effect. For before we get to the question of "
-"justification, a hard question that depends a great deal upon your values, "
-"we should first ask whether we understand the effect of the changes the "
-"content industry wants."
+"that are being pushed by the copyright warriors are <quote>justified.</"
+"quote> My argument is about their effect. For before we get to the question "
+"of justification, a hard question that depends a great deal upon your "
+"values, we should first ask whether we understand the effect of the changes "
+"the content industry wants."
msgstr ""
"mitt argument akkurat nå, men har ingenting å gjøre med om endringene som "
"skyves av opphavsrett krigerne er \"blokkjustert.\" mitt argument er om "
#. f7
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
-"(1997): 87."
+"See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</"
+"citetitle> 47 (1997): 87."
msgstr ""
-"Se for eksempel James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
+"Se for eksempel James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
"(1997): 87."
#. PAGE BREAK 141
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is to this image precisely that Duke University law professor James Boyle "
-"appeals when he argues that we need an \"environmentalism\" for culture."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His point, and the point I want to "
-"develop in the balance of this chapter, is not that the aims of copyright "
-"are flawed. Or that authors should not be paid for their work. Or that music "
-"should be given away \"for free.\" The point is that some of the ways in "
-"which we might protect authors will have unintended consequences for the "
-"cultural environment, much like DDT had for the natural environment. And "
-"just as criticism of DDT is not an endorsement of malaria or an attack on "
-"farmers, so, too, is criticism of one particular set of regulations "
-"protecting copyright not an endorsement of anarchy or an attack on authors. "
-"It is an environment of creativity that we seek, and we should be aware of "
-"our actions' effects on the environment."
+"appeals when he argues that we need an <quote>environmentalism</quote> for "
+"culture.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His point, and the point I "
+"want to develop in the balance of this chapter, is not that the aims of "
+"copyright are flawed. Or that authors should not be paid for their work. Or "
+"that music should be given away <quote>for free.</quote> The point is that "
+"some of the ways in which we might protect authors will have unintended "
+"consequences for the cultural environment, much like DDT had for the natural "
+"environment. And just as criticism of DDT is not an endorsement of malaria "
+"or an attack on farmers, so, too, is criticism of one particular set of "
+"regulations protecting copyright not an endorsement of anarchy or an attack "
+"on authors. It is an environment of creativity that we seek, and we should "
+"be aware of our actions' effects on the environment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"America copied English copyright law. Actually, we copied and improved "
-"English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of \"creative "
-"property\" rights clear; its express limitations reinforce the English aim "
-"to avoid overly powerful publishers."
+"English copyright law. Our Constitution makes the purpose of <quote>creative "
+"property</quote> rights clear; its express limitations reinforce the English "
+"aim to avoid overly powerful publishers."
msgstr ""
"Amerika kopiert engelsk lov om opphavsrett. egentlig vi kopiert og forbedret "
"engelsk lov om opphavsrett. vår grunnlov gjør formålet med \"creative "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The power to establish \"creative property\" rights is granted to Congress "
-"in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article I, "
-"section 8, clause 8 of our Constitution states that:"
+"The power to establish <quote>creative property</quote> rights is granted to "
+"Congress in a way that, for our Constitution, at least, is very odd. Article "
+"I, section 8, clause 8 of our Constitution states that:"
msgstr ""
"makt til å etablere \"kreative\" eiendomsrettigheter gis til Kongressen på "
"en måte som for vår grunnlov, minst, er veldig rart. artikkel, del 8, 8-"
"Congress has the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, "
"by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right "
"to their respective Writings and Discoveries. We can call this the "
-"\"Progress Clause,\" for notice what this clause does not say. It does not "
-"say Congress has the power to grant \"creative property rights.\" It says "
-"that Congress has the power <emphasis>to promote progress</emphasis>. The "
-"grant of power is its purpose, and its purpose is a public one, not the "
-"purpose of enriching publishers, nor even primarily the purpose of rewarding "
-"authors."
+"<quote>Progress Clause,</quote> for notice what this clause does not say. It "
+"does not say Congress has the power to grant <quote>creative property rights."
+"</quote> It says that Congress has the power <emphasis>to promote progress</"
+"emphasis>. The grant of power is its purpose, and its purpose is a public "
+"one, not the purpose of enriching publishers, nor even primarily the purpose "
+"of rewarding authors."
msgstr ""
"Kongressen har makt til å fremme utviklingen av vitenskap og nyttig kunst, "
"ved å sikre begrenset ganger til forfattere og oppfinnere den eksklusive "
"exercise disproportionate control over culture by exercising "
"disproportionate control over publishing. We can assume the framers followed "
"the English for a similar purpose. Indeed, unlike the English, the framers "
-"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend \"to Authors"
-"\" only."
+"reinforced that objective, by requiring that copyrights extend <quote>to "
+"Authors</quote> only."
msgstr ""
"fremdrift-setningsdelen begrenser uttrykkelig begrepet av opphavsretten. som "
"vi så i kapittel 6, ville engelsk begrenset av copyright å forsikre om at "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call \"copyright\" "
-"today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond anything they ever "
+"I doubt the framers would recognize the regulation we call <quote>copyright</"
+"quote> today. The scope of that regulation is far beyond anything they ever "
"considered. To begin to understand what they did, we need to put our "
-"\"copyright\" in context: We need to see how it has changed in the 210 years "
-"since they first struck its design."
+"<quote>copyright</quote> in context: We need to see how it has changed in "
+"the 210 years since they first struck its design."
msgstr ""
"Jeg tviler underskrev ville anerkjenne regulering vi kaller \"copyright\" i "
"dag. omfanget av denne forskriften er langt overgår alt de noensinne "
msgstr "Vi kommer til å ende opp her:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-msgid ""Copyright" today."
-msgstr ""Opphavsrett" i dag."
+msgid "<quote>Copyright</quote> today."
+msgstr "<quote>Opphavsrett</quote> i dag."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1442.png\"></graphic>"
msgid ""
"William W. Crosskey, <citetitle>Politics and the Constitution in the History "
"of the United States</citetitle> (London: Cambridge University Press, 1953), "
-"vol. 1, 485–86: \"extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the "
+"vol. 1, 485–86: <quote>extinguish[ing], by plain implication of `the "
"supreme Law of the Land,' <emphasis>the perpetual rights which authors had, "
-"or were supposed by some to have, under the Common Law</emphasis>"
-"
\" (emphasis added). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"or were supposed by some to have, under the Common Law</emphasis></quote> "
+"(emphasis added). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"William W. Crosskey, politikk og Grunnloven i historien av USA (London: "
"Cambridge University Press, 1953), vol. 1, 485–86: \"slukke [ing], ved "
"Few copyright holders ever chose to renew their copyrights. For instance, of "
"the 25,006 copyrights registered in 1883, only 894 were renewed in 1910. For "
"a year-by-year analysis of copyright renewal rates, see Barbara A. Ringer, "
-"\"Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,\" <citetitle>Studies on Copyright</"
-"citetitle>, vol. 1 (New York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), 618. For a "
-"more recent and comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and Richard "
-"A. Posner, \"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" <citetitle>University of "
-"Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 471, 498–501, and "
-"accompanying figures."
+"<quote>Study No. 31: Renewal of Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Studies on "
+"Copyright</citetitle>, vol. 1 (New York: Practicing Law Institute, 1963), "
+"618. For a more recent and comprehensive analysis, see William M. Landes and "
+"Richard A. Posner, <quote>Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>University of Chicago Law Review</citetitle> 70 (2003): 471, "
+"498–501, and accompanying figures."
msgstr ""
"noen rettighetshavere valgte noensinne å fornye sine opphavsrettigheter. for "
"eksempel av 25,006 opphavsretten registrert i 1883, ble bare 894 fornyet i "
msgid ""
"The United States abandoned this sensible system in 1976. For all works "
"created after 1978, there was only one copyright term—the maximum "
-"term. For \"natural\" authors, that term was life plus fifty years. For "
-"corporations, the term was seventy-five years. Then, in 1992, Congress "
-"abandoned the renewal requirement for all works created before 1978. All "
-"works still under copyright would be accorded the maximum term then "
-"available. After the Sonny Bono Act, that term was ninety-five years."
+"term. For <quote>natural</quote> authors, that term was life plus fifty "
+"years. For corporations, the term was seventy-five years. Then, in 1992, "
+"Congress abandoned the renewal requirement for all works created before "
+"1978. All works still under copyright would be accorded the maximum term "
+"then available. After the Sonny Bono Act, that term was ninety-five years."
msgstr ""
"USA forlatt dette fornuftig systemet i 1976. for alle arbeider opprettet "
"etter 1978, var det bare en opphavsrett term—den maksimale "
"that works that were no longer exploited passed into the public domain. And "
"indeed, after these changes, it is unclear whether it is even possible to "
"put works into the public domain. The public domain is orphaned by these "
-"changes in copyright law. Despite the requirement that terms be \"limited,\" "
-"we have no evidence that anything will limit them."
+"changes in copyright law. Despite the requirement that terms be "
+"<quote>limited,</quote> we have no evidence that anything will limit them."
msgstr ""
"Denne endringen betydde at amerikansk lov ikke lenger en automatisk måte å "
"forsikre som fungerer som utnyttes ikke lenger sendes til public domain. og "
"These statistics are understated. Between the years 1910 and 1962 (the first "
"year the renewal term was extended), the average term was never more than "
"thirty-two years, and averaged thirty years. See Landes and Posner, "
-"\"Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,\" loc. cit."
+"<quote>Indefinitely Renewable Copyright,</quote> loc. cit."
msgstr ""
"disse statistikkene er undervurdert. i årene 1910 og 1962 (det første året "
"fornyelse sikt ble forlenget), gjennomsnittlig begrepet var aldri mer enn "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The \"scope\" of a copyright is the range of rights granted by the law. The "
-"scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those changes are not "
-"necessarily bad. But we should understand the extent of the changes if we're "
-"to keep this debate in context."
+"The <quote>scope</quote> of a copyright is the range of rights granted by "
+"the law. The scope of American copyright has changed dramatically. Those "
+"changes are not necessarily bad. But we should understand the extent of the "
+"changes if we're to keep this debate in context."
msgstr ""
"\"område\" av en opphavsrett er området av rettigheter gitt av loven. "
"omfanget av amerikanske copyright har endret seg dramatisk. disse endringene "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only \"maps, charts, "
-"and books.\" That means it didn't cover, for example, music or architecture. "
-"More significantly, the right granted by a copyright gave the author the "
-"exclusive right to \"publish\" copyrighted works. That means someone else "
-"violated the copyright only if he republished the work without the copyright "
-"owner's permission. Finally, the right granted by a copyright was an "
-"exclusive right to that particular book. The right did not extend to what "
-"lawyers call \"derivative works.\" It would not, therefore, interfere with "
-"the right of someone other than the author to translate a copyrighted book, "
-"or to adapt the story to a different form (such as a drama based on a "
-"published book)."
+"In 1790, that scope was very narrow. Copyright covered only <quote>maps, "
+"charts, and books.</quote> That means it didn't cover, for example, music or "
+"architecture. More significantly, the right granted by a copyright gave the "
+"author the exclusive right to <quote>publish</quote> copyrighted works. That "
+"means someone else violated the copyright only if he republished the work "
+"without the copyright owner's permission. Finally, the right granted by a "
+"copyright was an exclusive right to that particular book. The right did not "
+"extend to what lawyers call <quote>derivative works.</quote> It would not, "
+"therefore, interfere with the right of someone other than the author to "
+"translate a copyrighted book, or to adapt the story to a different form "
+"(such as a drama based on a published book)."
msgstr ""
"i 1790 var at omfanget svært smale. Copyright dekket bare \"kart, diagrammer "
"og bøker.\", som betyr at det ikke dekker, for eksempel, musikk eller "
"practically any creative work that is reduced to a tangible form. It covers "
"music as well as architecture, drama as well as computer programs. It gives "
"the copyright owner of that creative work not only the exclusive right to "
-"\"publish\" the work, but also the exclusive right of control over any "
-"\"copies\" of that work. And most significant for our purposes here, the "
-"right gives the copyright owner control over not only his or her particular "
-"work, but also any \"derivative work\" that might grow out of the original "
-"work. In this way, the right covers more creative work, protects the "
-"creative work more broadly, and protects works that are based in a "
-"significant way on the initial creative work."
+"<quote>publish</quote> the work, but also the exclusive right of control "
+"over any <quote>copies</quote> of that work. And most significant for our "
+"purposes here, the right gives the copyright owner control over not only his "
+"or her particular work, but also any <quote>derivative work</quote> that "
+"might grow out of the original work. In this way, the right covers more "
+"creative work, protects the creative work more broadly, and protects works "
+"that are based in a significant way on the initial creative work."
msgstr ""
"Dette, også, har endret seg dramatisk. mens konturene av copyright i dag er "
"ekstremt vanskelig å beskrive bare, i generelle termer, dekker høyre nesten "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"All of these \"formalities\" were abolished in the American system when we "
-"decided to follow European copyright law. There is no requirement that you "
-"register a work to get a copyright; the copyright now is automatic; the "
-"copyright exists whether or not you mark your work with a ©; and the "
-"copyright exists whether or not you actually make a copy available for "
-"others to copy."
+"All of these <quote>formalities</quote> were abolished in the American "
+"system when we decided to follow European copyright law. There is no "
+"requirement that you register a work to get a copyright; the copyright now "
+"is automatic; the copyright exists whether or not you mark your work with a "
+"©; and the copyright exists whether or not you actually make a copy "
+"available for others to copy."
msgstr ""
"alle disse \"formaliteter\" ble avskaffet i det amerikanske systemet når vi "
"besluttet å følge europeiske lov om opphavsrett. Det er ingen krav at du "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, \"Poets, Pirates, and the Creation of "
-"American Literature,\" 29 <citetitle>New York University Journal of "
-"International Law and Politics</citetitle> 255 (1997), and James Gilraeth, "
-"ed., Federal Copyright Records, 1790–1800 (U.S. G.P.O., 1987)."
+"See Thomas Bender and David Sampliner, <quote>Poets, Pirates, and the "
+"Creation of American Literature,</quote> 29 <citetitle>New York University "
+"Journal of International Law and Politics</citetitle> 255 (1997), and James "
+"Gilraeth, ed., Federal Copyright Records, 1790–1800 (U.S. G.P.O., "
+"1987)."
msgstr ""
"se thomas bender og david sampliner, \"poeter, pirater og etableringen av "
"amerikansk litteratur,\" 29 new york university journal of internasjonal lov "
msgid ""
"That much is the obvious part. Any system of copyright would control "
"competing publishing. But there's a second part to the copyright of today "
-"that is not at all obvious. This is the protection of \"derivative rights.\" "
-"If you write a book, no one can make a movie out of your book without "
-"permission. No one can translate it without permission. CliffsNotes can't "
-"make an abridgment unless permission is granted. All of these derivative "
-"uses of your original work are controlled by the copyright holder. The "
-"copyright, in other words, is now not just an exclusive right to your "
-"writings, but an exclusive right to your writings and a large proportion of "
-"the writings inspired by them."
+"that is not at all obvious. This is the protection of <quote>derivative "
+"rights.</quote> If you write a book, no one can make a movie out of your "
+"book without permission. No one can translate it without permission. "
+"CliffsNotes can't make an abridgment unless permission is granted. All of "
+"these derivative uses of your original work are controlled by the copyright "
+"holder. The copyright, in other words, is now not just an exclusive right to "
+"your writings, but an exclusive right to your writings and a large "
+"proportion of the writings inspired by them."
msgstr ""
"Det er mye den åpenbare delen. et system av copyright ville styre "
"konkurrerende publisering. men det er en andre del til opphavsretten i dag "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
-"citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-"cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
+"Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage</quote>, <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
"citetitle>, julu/august 2003,tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Professor Rubenfeld has presented a powerful constitutional argument about "
"the difference that copyright law should draw (from the perspective of the "
-"First Amendment) between mere \"copies\" and derivative works. See Jed "
-"Rubenfeld, \"The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's Constitutionality,\" "
-"<citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 112 (2002): 1–60 (see "
-"especially pp. 53–59). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"First Amendment) between mere <quote>copies</quote> and derivative works. "
+"See Jed Rubenfeld, <quote>The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright's "
+"Constitutionality,</quote> <citetitle>Yale Law Journal</citetitle> 112 "
+"(2002): 1–60 (see especially pp. 53–59). <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"professor rubenfeld har presentert en kraftig konstitusjonelle argument om "
"forskjellen som lov om opphavsrett bør trekke (fra perspektivet til den "
msgid ""
"This again may seem right to you. If I wrote a book, then why should you be "
"able to write a movie that takes my story and makes money from it without "
-"paying me or crediting me? Or if Disney creates a creature called \"Mickey "
-"Mouse,\" why should you be able to make Mickey Mouse toys and be the one to "
-"trade on the value that Disney originally created?"
+"paying me or crediting me? Or if Disney creates a creature called "
+"<quote>Mickey Mouse,</quote> why should you be able to make Mickey Mouse "
+"toys and be the one to trade on the value that Disney originally created?"
msgstr ""
"Dette kan igjen virke riktig for deg. Hvis jeg skrev en bok, så hvorfor skal "
"du kunne skrive en film som tar min historie og gjør penger fra det uten å "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a simplification of the law, but not much of one. The law certainly "
-"regulates more than \"copies\"—a public performance of a copyrighted "
-"song, for example, is regulated even though performance per se doesn't make "
-"a copy; 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 106(4). And it "
-"certainly sometimes doesn't regulate a \"copy\"; 17 <citetitle>United States "
-"Code</citetitle>, section 112(a). But the presumption under the existing law "
-"(which regulates \"copies;\" 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, "
-"section 102) is that if there is a copy, there is a right."
+"regulates more than <quote>copies</quote>—a public performance of a "
+"copyrighted song, for example, is regulated even though performance per se "
+"doesn't make a copy; 17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section "
+"106(4). And it certainly sometimes doesn't regulate a <quote>copy</quote>; "
+"17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 112(a). But the "
+"presumption under the existing law (which regulates <quote>copies;</quote> "
+"17 <citetitle>United States Code</citetitle>, section 102) is that if there "
+"is a copy, there is a right."
msgstr ""
"Dette er en forenkling av loven, men ikke mye av en. loven absolutt "
"regulerer mer enn \"Kopier\"—en offentlig fremføring av en "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Copies.\" That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for <emphasis>copy</"
-"emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's argument at the "
-"start of this chapter, that \"creative property\" deserves the \"same rights"
-"\" as all other property, it is the <emphasis>obvious</emphasis> that we "
-"need to be most careful about. For while it may be obvious that in the world "
-"before the Internet, copies were the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon "
-"reflection, it should be obvious that in the world with the Internet, copies "
-"should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be the trigger for copyright law. More "
-"precisely, they should not <emphasis>always</emphasis> be the trigger for "
-"copyright law."
+"<quote>Copies.</quote> That certainly sounds like the obvious thing for "
+"<emphasis>copy</emphasis>right law to regulate. But as with Jack Valenti's "
+"argument at the start of this chapter, that <quote>creative property</quote> "
+"deserves the <quote>same rights</quote> as all other property, it is the "
+"<emphasis>obvious</emphasis> that we need to be most careful about. For "
+"while it may be obvious that in the world before the Internet, copies were "
+"the obvious trigger for copyright law, upon reflection, it should be obvious "
+"that in the world with the Internet, copies should <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
+"be the trigger for copyright law. More precisely, they should not "
+"<emphasis>always</emphasis> be the trigger for copyright law."
msgstr ""
"\"Kopier.\" som absolutt høres ut som det åpenbare tingen for opphavsrett å "
"regulere. men som med jack valenti argumentet i begynnelsen av dette "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
-"remain unregulated because the law considers these \"fair uses.\""
+"remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Til slutt er det en tynn skive av ellers regulert kopierings-bruk som "
-"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som \"rimelig bruk\"."
+"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"without my permission, even though that quoting makes a copy. That copy "
"would ordinarily give the copyright owner the exclusive right to say whether "
"the copy is allowed or not, but the law denies the owner any exclusive right "
-"over such \"fair uses\" for public policy (and possibly First Amendment) "
-"reasons."
+"over such <quote>fair uses</quote> for public policy (and possibly First "
+"Amendment) reasons."
msgstr ""
"disse er bruker at selv innebære kopiering, men som det lov behandler som "
"unregulated fordi public policy krever at de forblir unregulated. du er fri "
"grunner."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-msgid "Unregulated copying considered "fair uses.""
-msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som "rimelig bruk"."
+msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
+msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
msgid ""
"In real space, then, the possible uses of a book are divided into three "
"sorts: (1) unregulated uses, (2) regulated uses, and (3) regulated uses that "
-"are nonetheless deemed \"fair\" regardless of the copyright owner's views."
+"are nonetheless deemed <quote>fair</quote> regardless of the copyright "
+"owner's views."
msgstr ""
"i virkelige rommet, deretter mulige bruksområder for en bok er delt inn i "
"tre sorterer: (1) unregulated bruker, (2) regulert bruker og (3) regulert "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"I don't mean \"nature\" in the sense that it couldn't be different, but "
-"rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical networks need "
-"not make copies of content they transmit, and a digital network could be "
-"designed to delete anything it copies so that the same number of copies "
-"remain."
+"I don't mean <quote>nature</quote> in the sense that it couldn't be "
+"different, but rather that its present instantiation entails a copy. Optical "
+"networks need not make copies of content they transmit, and a digital "
+"network could be designed to delete anything it copies so that the same "
+"number of copies remain."
msgstr ""
"Jeg trenger ikke bety \"natur\" i den forstand at det kunne ikke være "
"annerledes, men heller at sin nåværende objektforekomst innebærer en kopi. "
"Second, this shift is especially troubling in the context of transformative "
"uses of creative content. Again, we can all understand the wrong in "
"commercial piracy. But the law now purports to regulate <emphasis>any</"
-"emphasis> transformation you make of creative work using a machine. \"Copy "
-"and paste\" and \"cut and paste\" become crimes. Tinkering with a story and "
-"releasing it to others exposes the tinkerer to at least a requirement of "
-"justification. However troubling the expansion with respect to copying a "
-"particular work, it is extraordinarily troubling with respect to "
-"transformative uses of creative work."
+"emphasis> transformation you make of creative work using a machine. "
+"<quote>Copy and paste</quote> and <quote>cut and paste</quote> become "
+"crimes. Tinkering with a story and releasing it to others exposes the "
+"tinkerer to at least a requirement of justification. However troubling the "
+"expansion with respect to copying a particular work, it is extraordinarily "
+"troubling with respect to transformative uses of creative work."
msgstr ""
"andre, dette skiftet er spesielt troubling i sammenheng med transformative "
"bruk av kreative innholdet. igjen, kan vi alle forstå feil i kommersielle "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Third, this shift from category 1 to category 2 puts an extraordinary burden "
-"on category 3 (\"fair use\") that fair use never before had to bear. If a "
-"copyright owner now tried to control how many times I could read a book on-"
-"line, the natural response would be to argue that this is a violation of my "
-"fair use rights. But there has never been any litigation about whether I "
-"have a fair use right to read, because before the Internet, reading did not "
-"trigger the application of copyright law and hence the need for a fair use "
-"defense. The right to read was effectively protected before because reading "
-"was not regulated."
+"on category 3 (<quote>fair use</quote>) that fair use never before had to "
+"bear. If a copyright owner now tried to control how many times I could read "
+"a book on-line, the natural response would be to argue that this is a "
+"violation of my fair use rights. But there has never been any litigation "
+"about whether I have a fair use right to read, because before the Internet, "
+"reading did not trigger the application of copyright law and hence the need "
+"for a fair use defense. The right to read was effectively protected before "
+"because reading was not regulated."
msgstr ""
"tredje, dette skiftet fra Kategori 1 til kategori 2 setter en ekstraordinære "
"belastning på kategori 3 (\"fair use\"), som rettferdig bruk aldri før hadde "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The case of Video Pipeline is a good example. Video Pipeline was in the "
-"business of making \"trailer\" advertisements for movies available to video "
-"stores. The video stores displayed the trailers as a way to sell videos. "
-"Video Pipeline got the trailers from the film distributors, put the trailers "
-"on tape, and sold the tapes to the retail stores."
+"business of making <quote>trailer</quote> advertisements for movies "
+"available to video stores. The video stores displayed the trailers as a way "
+"to sell videos. Video Pipeline got the trailers from the film distributors, "
+"put the trailers on tape, and sold the tapes to the retail stores."
msgstr ""
"tilfelle av video rørledning er et godt eksempel. video rørledningen var i "
"bransjen for å gjøre \"trailer\" reklame for filmer tilgjengelig til video "
msgid ""
"The company did this for about fifteen years. Then, in 1997, it began to "
"think about the Internet as another way to distribute these previews. The "
-"idea was to expand their \"selling by sampling\" technique by giving on-line "
-"stores the same ability to enable \"browsing.\" Just as in a bookstore you "
-"can read a few pages of a book before you buy the book, so, too, you would "
-"be able to sample a bit from the movie on-line before you bought it."
+"idea was to expand their <quote>selling by sampling</quote> technique by "
+"giving on-line stores the same ability to enable <quote>browsing.</quote> "
+"Just as in a bookstore you can read a few pages of a book before you buy the "
+"book, so, too, you would be able to sample a bit from the movie on-line "
+"before you bought it."
msgstr ""
"selskapet gjorde dette i omtrent femten år. deretter, i 1997, det begynte å "
"tenke på Internett som en måte å distribuere disse forhåndsvisninger. idéen "
"content as a way to help sell Disney films; he had customers who depended "
"upon his delivering this content. Disney would agree to talk only if Video "
"Pipeline stopped the distribution immediately. Video Pipeline thought it "
-"was within their \"fair use\" rights to distribute the clips as they had. So "
-"they filed a lawsuit to ask the court to declare that these rights were in "
-"fact their rights."
+"was within their <quote>fair use</quote> rights to distribute the clips as "
+"they had. So they filed a lawsuit to ask the court to declare that these "
+"rights were in fact their rights."
msgstr ""
"i 1998 informert video rørledningen disney og andre trevare at det ment å "
"distribuere tilhengere gjennom Internett (i stedet for å sende båndene) til "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Disney countersued—for $100 million in damages. Those damages were "
-"predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had \"willfully infringed\" on "
-"Disney's copyright. When a court makes a finding of willful infringement, it "
-"can award damages not on the basis of the actual harm to the copyright "
-"owner, but on the basis of an amount set in the statute. Because Video "
-"Pipeline had distributed seven hundred clips of Disney movies to enable "
-"video stores to sell copies of those movies, Disney was now suing Video "
-"Pipeline for $100 million."
+"predicated upon a claim that Video Pipeline had <quote>willfully infringed</"
+"quote> on Disney's copyright. When a court makes a finding of willful "
+"infringement, it can award damages not on the basis of the actual harm to "
+"the copyright owner, but on the basis of an amount set in the statute. "
+"Because Video Pipeline had distributed seven hundred clips of Disney movies "
+"to enable video stores to sell copies of those movies, Disney was now suing "
+"Video Pipeline for $100 million."
msgstr ""
"Disney countersued—for $100 millioner i skader. disse skader ble "
"predicated upon et krav at video rørledningen hadde \"willfully krenket\" på "
"consider it a close case. My point here is to map the change that gives "
"Disney this power. Before the Internet, Disney couldn't really control how "
"people got access to their content. Once a video was in the marketplace, the "
-"\"first-sale doctrine\" would free the seller to use the video as he wished, "
-"including showing portions of it in order to engender sales of the entire "
-"movie video. But with the Internet, it becomes possible for Disney to "
-"centralize control over access to this content. Because each use of the "
-"Internet produces a copy, use on the Internet becomes subject to the "
+"<quote>first-sale doctrine</quote> would free the seller to use the video as "
+"he wished, including showing portions of it in order to engender sales of "
+"the entire movie video. But with the Internet, it becomes possible for "
+"Disney to centralize control over access to this content. Because each use "
+"of the Internet produces a copy, use on the Internet becomes subject to the "
"copyright owner's control. The technology expands the scope of effective "
"control, because the technology builds a copy into every transaction."
msgstr ""
#. f19
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
-"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
+"See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgstr ""
-"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Se David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain</quote>, <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
-"that the Marx Brothers \"were brothers long before you were.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers therefore owned the word "
-"<citetitle>brothers</citetitle>, and if Warner Brothers insisted on trying "
-"to control <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, then the Marx Brothers would "
-"insist on control over <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>."
+"that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you were.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers therefore "
+"owned the word <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>, and if Warner Brothers "
+"insisted on trying to control <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, then the "
+"Marx Brothers would insist on control over <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
"Dette fikk Marx-brødrene til å svare tilbake med samme mynt. De advarte "
-"Warner Brothers om at Marx-brødrene \"var brødre lenge før dere var det\"."
+"Warner Brothers om at Marx-brødrene <quote>var brødre lenge før dere var det</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Marx-brødrene eide derfor ordet "
"<citetitle>Brothers</citetitle>, og hvis Warner Brothers insisterte på å "
"forsøke å kontrollere <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, så ville Marx-"
"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s "Politics""
-msgstr "E-bok av Aristoteles "Politikk""
+msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
+msgstr "E-bok av Aristoteles <quote>Politikk</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1621.png\"></graphic>"
"hele tatt. men heldigvis kan du bruke lese høyt knappen for å høre boken."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
+msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
"opprinnelige e-bok-versjonen av boken min siste, fremtiden for idéer:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-msgid "List of the permissions for "The Future of Ideas"."
-msgstr ""
+msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls \"permissions\"— as "
-"if the publisher has the power to control how you use these works. For "
-"works under copyright, the copyright owner certainly does have the "
-"power—up to the limits of the copyright law. But for work not under "
-"copyright, there is no such copyright power.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> says I have "
-"the permission to copy only ten text selections into the memory every ten "
-"days, what that really means is that the eBook Reader has enabled the "
-"publisher to control how I use the book on my computer, far beyond the "
+"Now, the Adobe eBook Reader calls these controls <quote>permissions</"
+"quote>— as if the publisher has the power to control how you use these "
+"works. For works under copyright, the copyright owner certainly does have "
+"the power—up to the limits of the copyright law. But for work not "
+"under copyright, there is no such copyright power.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When my e-book of <citetitle>Middlemarch</citetitle> "
+"says I have the permission to copy only ten text selections into the memory "
+"every ten days, what that really means is that the eBook Reader has enabled "
+"the publisher to control how I use the book on my computer, far beyond the "
"control that the law would enable."
msgstr ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The control comes instead from the code—from the technology within "
-"which the e-book \"lives.\" Though the e-book says that these are "
-"permissions, they are not the sort of \"permissions\" that most of us deal "
-"with. When a teenager gets \"permission\" to stay out till midnight, she "
-"knows (unless she's Cinderella) that she can stay out till 2 A.M., but will "
-"suffer a punishment if she's caught. But when the Adobe eBook Reader says I "
-"have the permission to make ten copies of the text into the computer's "
-"memory, that means that after I've made ten copies, the computer will not "
-"make any more. The same with the printing restrictions: After ten pages, the "
-"eBook Reader will not print any more pages. It's the same with the silly "
-"restriction that says that you can't use the Read Aloud button to read my "
-"book aloud—it's not that the company will sue you if you do; instead, "
-"if you push the Read Aloud button with my book, the machine simply won't "
-"read aloud."
+"which the e-book <quote>lives.</quote> Though the e-book says that these are "
+"permissions, they are not the sort of <quote>permissions</quote> that most "
+"of us deal with. When a teenager gets <quote>permission</quote> to stay out "
+"till midnight, she knows (unless she's Cinderella) that she can stay out "
+"till 2 A.M., but will suffer a punishment if she's caught. But when the "
+"Adobe eBook Reader says I have the permission to make ten copies of the text "
+"into the computer's memory, that means that after I've made ten copies, the "
+"computer will not make any more. The same with the printing restrictions: "
+"After ten pages, the eBook Reader will not print any more pages. It's the "
+"same with the silly restriction that says that you can't use the Read Aloud "
+"button to read my book aloud—it's not that the company will sue you if "
+"you do; instead, if you push the Read Aloud button with my book, the machine "
+"simply won't read aloud."
msgstr ""
"kontrollen kommer i stedet fra koden—fra teknologi som e-bok \"liv.\" "
"om e-boken sier at disse er tillatelsene, de er ikke typen \"tillatelser\" "
msgid ""
"These are <emphasis>controls</emphasis>, not permissions. Imagine a world "
"where the Marx Brothers sold word processing software that, when you tried "
-"to type \"Warner Brothers,\" erased \"Brothers\" from the sentence. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"to type <quote>Warner Brothers,</quote> erased <quote>Brothers</quote> from "
+"
the sentence. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er kontroller, ikke tillatelser. Forestill deg en verden der marx "
"brødrene solgte tekstbehandling programvare som, da du prøvde å skrive inn "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
-"List of the permissions for "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"."
-msgstr ""
+"List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for <quote>Alice i Eventyrland</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here was a public domain children's book that you were not allowed to copy, "
-"not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the \"permissions\" "
-"indicated, not allowed to \"read aloud\"!"
+"not allowed to lend, not allowed to give, and, as the <quote>permissions</"
+"quote> indicated, not allowed to <quote>read aloud</quote>!"
msgstr ""
"Her var et frivare barnebok som du ikke var tillatt for å kopiere, ikke lov "
"til å låne, ikke lov til å gi og, som \"tillatelser\" angitt, ikke lov til å "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named \"Aibo.\" The Aibo learns "
-"tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and that "
-"doesn't leave that much of a mess (at least in your house)."
+"Consider the robotic dog made by Sony named <quote>Aibo.</quote> The Aibo "
+"learns tricks, cuddles, and follows you around. It eats only electricity and "
+"that doesn't leave that much of a mess (at least in your house)."
msgstr ""
"vurdere robotic hunden gjort av sony kalt \"aibo.\" i aibo lærer triks, "
"cuddles, og følger deg. det spiser bare elektrisitet og som ikke la så mye "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Teach\" here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute computers. You "
-"teach a computer how to do something by programming it differently. So to "
-"say that aibopet.com was giving information about how to teach the dog to do "
-"new tricks is just to say that aibopet.com was giving information to users "
-"of the Aibo pet about how to hack their computer \"dog\" to make it do new "
-"tricks (thus, aibohack.com)."
+"<quote>Teach</quote> here has a special meaning. Aibos are just cute "
+"computers. You teach a computer how to do something by programming it "
+"differently. So to say that aibopet.com was giving information about how to "
+"teach the dog to do new tricks is just to say that aibopet.com was giving "
+"information to users of the Aibo pet about how to hack their computer "
+"<quote>dog</quote> to make it do new tricks (thus, aibohack.com)."
msgstr ""
"\"lære\" har her en spesiell betydning. aibos er bare søt datamaskiner. du "
"lære en datamaskin hvor å gjøre noe ved programmering det annerledes. så å "
"citetitle> is a much more positive term. <citetitle>Hack</citetitle> just "
"means code that enables the program to do something it wasn't originally "
"intended or enabled to do. If you buy a new printer for an old computer, you "
-"might find the old computer doesn't run, or \"drive,\" the printer. If you "
-"discovered that, you'd later be happy to discover a hack on the Net by "
-"someone who has written a driver to enable the computer to drive the printer "
-"you just bought."
+"might find the old computer doesn't run, or <quote>drive,</quote> the "
+"printer. If you discovered that, you'd later be happy to discover a hack on "
+"the Net by someone who has written a driver to enable the computer to drive "
+"the printer you just bought."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du ikke er en programmerer, eller vet ikke mange programmerere, har det "
"ord banalisere en spesielt unfriendly connotation. nonprogrammers banalisere "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Pamela Samuelson, \"Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science,\" "
-"<citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, \"Play "
-"Dead: Sony Muzzles the Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks,\" "
-"<citetitle>American Prospect</citetitle>, January 2002; \"Court Dismisses "
-"Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,\" <citetitle>Intellectual Property "
-"Litigation Reporter</citetitle>, 11 December 2001; Bill Holland, \"Copyright "
-"Act Raising Free-Speech Concerns,\" <citetitle>Billboard</citetitle>, May "
-"2001; Janelle Brown, \"Is the RIAA Running Scared?\" Salon.com, April 2001; "
-"Electronic Frontier Foundation, \"Frequently Asked Questions about "
+"See Pamela Samuelson, <quote>Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Science</citetitle> 293 (2001): 2028; Brendan I. Koerner, "
+"<quote>Play Dead: Sony Muzzles the Techies Who Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>American Prospect</citetitle>, January 2002; "
+"<quote>Court Dismisses Computer Scientists' Challenge to DMCA,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Intellectual Property Litigation Reporter</citetitle>, 11 "
+"December 2001; Bill Holland, <quote>Copyright Act Raising Free-Speech "
+"Concerns,</quote> <citetitle>Billboard</citetitle>, May 2001; Janelle Brown, "
+"<quote>Is the RIAA Running Scared?</quote> Salon.com, April 2001; Electronic "
+"Frontier Foundation, <quote>Frequently Asked Questions about "
"<citetitle>Felten and USENIX</citetitle> v. <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> "
-"Legal Case,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#27</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Legal Case,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"
\">link #27</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"The SDMI coalition had as its goal a technology to enable content owners to "
"exercise much better control over their content than the Internet, as it "
"originally stood, granted them. Using encryption, SDMI hoped to develop a "
-"standard that would allow the content owner to say \"this music cannot be "
-"copied,\" and have a computer respect that command. The technology was to "
-"be part of a \"trusted system\" of control that would get content owners to "
-"trust the system of the Internet much more."
+"standard that would allow the content owner to say <quote>this music cannot "
+"be copied,</quote> and have a computer respect that command. The technology "
+"was to be part of a <quote>trusted system</quote> of control that would get "
+"content owners to trust the system of the Internet much more."
msgstr ""
"sdmi-koalisjonen hadde som mål en teknologi for å aktivere innholdseiere å "
"utøve mye bedre kontroll over deres innhold enn Internett, som den "
"Any disclosure of information gained from participating in the Public "
"Challenge would be outside the scope of activities permitted by the "
"Agreement and could subject you and your research team to actions under the "
-"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (\"DMCA\")."
+"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (<quote>DMCA</quote>)."
msgstr ""
"enhver formidling av informasjon fra å delta i offentlig challenge ville "
"være utenfor omfanget av aktiviteter som er tillatt i henhold til avtalen og "
"be banned because it was a copyright-infringing technology: It enabled "
"consumers to copy films without the permission of the copyright owner. No "
"doubt there were uses of the technology that were legal: Fred Rogers, aka "
-"\"<citetitle>Mr. Rogers</citetitle>,\" for example, had testified in that "
-"case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote><citetitle>Mr. Rogers</citetitle>,</quote> for example, had testified "
+"in that case that he wanted people to feel free to tape Mr. Rogers' "
+"
Neighborhood. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"bizarreness av disse argumentene er fanget i en tegneserie tegnet i 1981 av "
"paul conrad. på den tiden, en domstol i california hadde holdt at "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "
-"\"Neighborhood\" at hours when some children cannot use it. I think that "
-"it's a real service to families to be able to record such programs and show "
-"them at appropriate times. I have always felt that with the advent of all of "
-"this new technology that allows people to tape the \"Neighborhood\" off-the-"
-"air, and I'm speaking for the \"Neighborhood\" because that's what I "
-"produce, that they then become much more active in the programming of their "
-"family's television life. Very frankly, I am opposed to people being "
-"programmed by others. My whole approach in broadcasting has always been "
-"\"You are an important person just the way you are. You can make healthy "
-"decisions.\" Maybe I'm going on too long, but I just feel that anything that "
-"allows a person to be more active in the control of his or her life, in a "
-"healthy way, is important.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> at hours when some children cannot use it. I "
+"think that it's a real service to families to be able to record such "
+"programs and show them at appropriate times. I have always felt that with "
+"the advent of all of this new technology that allows people to tape the "
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> off-the-air, and I'm speaking for the "
+"<quote>Neighborhood</quote> because that's what I produce, that they then "
+"become much more active in the programming of their family's television "
+"life. Very frankly, I am opposed to people being programmed by others. My "
+"whole approach in broadcasting has always been <quote>You are an important "
+"person just the way you are. You can make healthy decisions.</quote> Maybe "
+"I'm going on too long, but I just feel that anything that allows a person to "
+"be more active in the control of his or her life, in a healthy way, is "
+"important.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 170
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, \"Legal Fictions, "
-"Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,\" <citetitle>Loyola of Los "
-"Angeles Entertainment Law Journal</citetitle> 17 (1997): 651."
+"For an early and prescient analysis, see Rebecca Tushnet, <quote>Legal "
+"Fictions, Copyright, Fan Fiction, and a New Common Law,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Journal</citetitle> 17 "
+"(1997): 651."
msgstr ""
"for en tidlig og forutseende analyse, kan du se rebecca tushnet, \"legal-"
"fictions, copyright, fanfiction og en ny felles lov,\" loyola av los angeles "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Lynette Holloway, \"Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to Slide,\" "
-"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
+"Lynette Holloway, <quote>Despite a Marketing Blitz, CD Sales Continue to "
+"Slide,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 23 December 2002."
msgstr ""
"lynette holloway, \"til tross for en markedsføring blitz cd salg fortsette å "
"skyve,\" new york times, 23 desember 2002."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Molly Ivins, \"Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,\" <citetitle>Charleston "
-"Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
+"Molly Ivins, <quote>Media Consolidation Must Be Stopped,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Charleston Gazette</citetitle>, 31 May 2003."
msgstr ""
"Molly ivins, \"media konsolidering må stoppes,\" charleston gazette, 31 kan "
"2003."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Changes in scope are the easier ones to describe. As Senator John McCain "
-"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, \"five "
-"companies control 85 percent of our media sources.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The five recording labels of Universal Music Group, "
-"BMG, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and EMI control 84.8 "
-"percent of the U.S. music market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"The \"five largest cable companies pipe programming to 74 percent of the "
-"cable subscribers nationwide.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"6\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"7\"/>"
+"summarized the data produced in the FCC's review of media ownership, "
+"<quote>five companies control 85 percent of our media sources.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The five recording labels of "
+"Universal Music Group, BMG, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, "
+"and EMI control 84.8 percent of the U.S. music market.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The <quote>five largest cable companies pipe "
+"programming to 74 percent of the cable subscribers nationwide.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"6\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"7\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 174
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
-"citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
+"Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
+"James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch</quote>, <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
"citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#. f29
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Leonard Hill, \"The Axis of Access,\" remarks before Weidenbaum Center "
-"Forum, \"Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,\" St. Louis, Missouri, "
-"3 April 2003 (transcript of prepared remarks available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #28</ulink>; for the Lear story, not "
-"included in the prepared remarks, see <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
+"Leonard Hill, <quote>The Axis of Access,</quote> remarks before Weidenbaum "
+"Center Forum, <quote>Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry,</quote> "
+"St. Louis, Missouri, 3 April 2003 (transcript of prepared remarks available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #28</ulink>; for the "
+"Lear story, not included in the prepared remarks, see <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #29</ulink>)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"separation between the networks and the content producers; that separation "
"would guarantee Lear freedom. And as late as 1992, because of these rules, "
"the vast majority of prime time television—75 percent of it—was "
-"\"independent\" of the networks."
+"<quote>independent</quote> of the networks."
msgstr ""
"nettverket ikke kontrollere m├Ñte av opphavsrettighetene fordi lov forbød "
"nettverk fra controlling the content de skal grupperes. loven kreves et "
"In 1994, the FCC abandoned the rules that required this independence. After "
"that change, the networks quickly changed the balance. In 1985, there were "
"twenty-five independent television production studios; in 2002, only five "
-"independent television studios remained. \"In 1992, only 15 percent of new "
-"series were produced for a network by a company it controlled. Last year, "
-"the percentage of shows produced by controlled companies more than "
-"quintupled to 77 percent.\" \"In 1992, 16 new series were produced "
-"independently of conglomerate control, last year there was one."
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In 2002, 75 percent of prime "
-"time television was owned by the networks that ran it. \"In the ten-year "
-"period between 1992 and 2002, the number of prime time television hours per "
-"week produced by network studios increased over 200%, whereas the number of "
-"prime time television hours per week produced by independent studios "
-"decreased 63%.
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"independent television studios remained. <quote>In 1992, only 15 percent of "
+"new series were produced for a network by a company it controlled. Last "
+"year, the percentage of shows produced by controlled companies more than "
+"quintupled to 77 percent.</quote> <quote>In 1992, 16 new series were "
+"produced independently of conglomerate control, last year there was one.</"
+"
quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In 2002, 75 percent of prime "
+"time television was owned by the networks that ran it. <quote>In the ten-"
+"year period between 1992 and 2002, the number of prime time television hours "
+"per week produced by network studios increased over 200%, whereas the number "
+"of prime time television hours per week produced by independent studios "
+"decreased 63%.
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. f32
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
-"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
+"<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
+"Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
+"a
vailable at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
+"<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation</quote>, <citetitle>Now with Bill "
"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, redigert avskrift "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</"
"ulink>."
"Revolutionary National Bestseller that Changed the Way We Do Business</"
"citetitle> (Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1997). Christensen "
"acknowledges that the idea was first suggested by Dean Kim Clark. See Kim B. "
-"Clark, \"The Interaction of Design Hierarchies and Market Concepts in "
-"Technological Evolution,\" <citetitle>Research Policy</citetitle> 14 (1985): "
-"235–51. For a more recent study, see Richard Foster and Sarah Kaplan, "
-"<citetitle>Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to Last "
-"Underperform the Market—and How to Successfully Transform Them</"
+"Clark, <quote>The Interaction of Design Hierarchies and Market Concepts in "
+"Technological Evolution,</quote> <citetitle>Research Policy</citetitle> 14 "
+"(1985): 235–51. For a more recent study, see Richard Foster and Sarah "
+"Kaplan, <citetitle>Creative Destruction: Why Companies That Are Built to "
+"Last Underperform the Market—and How to Successfully Transform Them</"
"citetitle> (New York: Currency/Doubleday, 2001)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"Economics itself offers a parallel that explains why this integration "
-"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the \"Innovator's "
-"Dilemma\": the fact that large traditional firms find it rational to ignore "
-"new, breakthrough technologies that compete with their core business. The "
-"same analysis could help explain why large, traditional media companies "
-"would find it rational to ignore new cultural trends.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Lumbering giants not only don't, but should not, "
-"sprint. Yet if the field is only open to the giants, there will be far too "
-"little sprinting. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"affects creativity. Clay Christensen has written about the "
+"<quote>Innovator's Dilemma</quote>: the fact that large traditional firms "
+"find it rational to ignore new, breakthrough technologies that compete with "
+"their core business. The same analysis could help explain why large, "
+"traditional media companies would find it rational to ignore new cultural "
+"trends.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Lumbering giants not only "
+"don't, but should not, sprint. Yet if the field is only open to the giants, "
+"there will be far too little sprinting. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beginning in 1998, the Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a "
-"media campaign as part of the \"war on drugs.\" The campaign produced scores "
-"of short film clips about issues related to illegal drugs. In one series "
-"(the Nick and Norm series) two men are in a bar, discussing the idea of "
-"legalizing drugs as a way to avoid some of the collateral damage from the "
-"war. One advances an argument in favor of drug legalization. The other "
-"responds in a powerful and effective way against the argument of the first. "
-"In the end, the first guy changes his mind (hey, it's television). The plug "
-"at the end is a damning attack on the pro-legalization campaign."
+"media campaign as part of the <quote>war on drugs.</quote> The campaign "
+"produced scores of short film clips about issues related to illegal drugs. "
+"In one series (the Nick and Norm series) two men are in a bar, discussing "
+"the idea of legalizing drugs as a way to avoid some of the collateral damage "
+"from the war. One advances an argument in favor of drug legalization. The "
+"other responds in a powerful and effective way against the argument of the "
+"first. In the end, the first guy changes his mind (hey, it's television). "
+"The plug at the end is a damning attack on the pro-legalization campaign."
msgstr ""
"starten i 1998, office of nasjonale narkotikapolitikken kontroll lansert en "
"kampanje for media som en del av \"krigen mot narkotika.\" kampanjen "
msgid ""
"The Marijuana Policy Project, in February 2003, sought to place ads that "
"directly responded to the Nick and Norm series on stations within the "
-"Washington, D.C., area. Comcast rejected the ads as \"against [their] policy."
-"\" The local NBC affiliate, WRC, rejected the ads without reviewing them. "
-"The local ABC affiliate, WJOA, originally agreed to run the ads and accepted "
-"payment to do so, but later decided not to run the ads and returned the "
-"collected fees. Interview with Neal Levine, 15 October 2003. These "
-"restrictions are, of course, not limited to drug policy. See, for example, "
-"Nat Ives, \"On the Issue of an Iraq War, Advocacy Ads Meet with Rejection "
-"from TV Networks,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 13 March 2003, "
-"C4. Outside of election-related air time there is very little that the FCC "
-"or the courts are willing to do to even the playing field. For a general "
-"overview, see Rhonda Brown, \"Ad Hoc Access: The Regulation of Editorial "
-"Advertising on Television and Radio,\" <citetitle>Yale Law and Policy "
-"Review</citetitle> 6 (1988): 449–79, and for a more recent summary of "
-"the stance of the FCC and the courts, see <citetitle>Radio-Television News "
-"Directors Association</citetitle> v. <citetitle>FCC</citetitle>, 184 F. 3d "
-"872 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Municipal authorities exercise the same authority as "
-"the networks. In a recent example from San Francisco, the San Francisco "
-"transit authority rejected an ad that criticized its Muni diesel buses. "
-"Phillip Matier and Andrew Ross, \"Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects "
-"Ad,\" SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that the criticism was "
-"\"too controversial.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Washington, D.C., area. Comcast rejected the ads as <quote>against [their] "
+"policy.</quote> The local NBC affiliate, WRC, rejected the ads without "
+"reviewing them. The local ABC affiliate, WJOA, originally agreed to run the "
+"ads and accepted payment to do so, but later decided not to run the ads and "
+"returned the collected fees. Interview with Neal Levine, 15 October 2003. "
+"These restrictions are, of course, not limited to drug policy. See, for "
+"example, Nat Ives, <quote>On the Issue of an Iraq War, Advocacy Ads Meet "
+"with Rejection from TV Networks,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</"
+"citetitle>, 13 March 2003, C4. Outside of election-related air time there "
+"is very little that the FCC or the courts are willing to do to even the "
+"playing field. For a general overview, see Rhonda Brown, <quote>Ad Hoc "
+"Access: The Regulation of Editorial Advertising on Television and Radio,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Yale Law and Policy Review</citetitle> 6 (1988): "
+"449–79, and for a more recent summary of the stance of the FCC and the "
+"courts, see <citetitle>Radio-Television News Directors Association</"
+"citetitle> v. <citetitle>FCC</citetitle>, 184 F. 3d 872 (D.C. Cir. 1999). "
+"Municipal authorities exercise the same authority as the networks. In a "
+"recent example from San Francisco, the San Francisco transit authority "
+"rejected an ad that criticized its Muni diesel buses. Phillip Matier and "
+"Andrew Ross, <quote>Antidiesel Group Fuming After Muni Rejects Ad,</quote> "
+"SFGate.com, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #32</ulink>. The ground was that the criticism was <quote>too "
+"controversial.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/>"
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"6\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"No. You cannot. Television stations have a general policy of avoiding "
-"\"controversial\" ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
+"<quote>controversial</quote> ads. Ads sponsored by the government are deemed "
"uncontroversial; ads disagreeing with the government are controversial. "
"This selectivity might be thought inconsistent with the First Amendment, but "
"the Supreme Court has held that stations have the right to choose what they "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is something innocent and obvious about the claim of the copyright "
-"warriors that the government should \"protect my property.\" In the "
-"abstract, it is obviously true and, ordinarily, totally harmless. No sane "
-"sort who is not an anarchist could disagree."
+"warriors that the government should <quote>protect my property.</quote> In "
+"the abstract, it is obviously true and, ordinarily, totally harmless. No "
+"sane sort who is not an anarchist could disagree."
msgstr ""
"Det er noe uskyldig og åpenbar om kravet om opphavsrett warriors at "
"regjeringen bør \"beskytte min egenskapen.\" i abstrakt, det er åpenbart "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But when we see how dramatically this \"property\" has changed— when "
-"we recognize how it might now interact with both technology and markets to "
-"mean that the effective constraint on the liberty to cultivate our culture "
-"is dramatically different—the claim begins to seem less innocent and "
-"obvious. Given (1) the power of technology to supplement the law's control, "
-"and (2) the power of concentrated markets to weaken the opportunity for "
-"dissent, if strictly enforcing the massively expanded \"property\" rights "
-"granted by copyright fundamentally changes the freedom within this culture "
-"to cultivate and build upon our past, then we have to ask whether this "
-"property should be redefined."
+"But when we see how dramatically this <quote>property</quote> has "
+"changed— when we recognize how it might now interact with both "
+"technology and markets to mean that the effective constraint on the liberty "
+"to cultivate our culture is dramatically different—the claim begins to "
+"seem less innocent and obvious. Given (1) the power of technology to "
+"supplement the law's control, and (2) the power of concentrated markets to "
+"weaken the opportunity for dissent, if strictly enforcing the massively "
+"expanded <quote>property</quote> rights granted by copyright fundamentally "
+"changes the freedom within this culture to cultivate and build upon our "
+"past, then we have to ask whether this property should be redefined."
msgstr ""
"men når vi ser hvor dramatisk denne \"property\" er endret—når vi "
"innser hvor den kan nå kommunisere med både teknologi og markeder å bety at "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his \"four surrenders\" of "
-"copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159–60. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</"
+"quote> of copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, "
+"
159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Siva Vaidhyanathan fanger et lignende poeng i hans \"fire kapitulasjoner\" "
+"Siva Vaidhyanathan fanger et lignende poeng i hans <quote>fire kapitulasjoner</quote> "
"for opphavsrettsloven i den digitale tidsalder. Se Vaidhyanathan, "
"159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"It was the single most important contribution of the legal realist movement "
"to demonstrate that all property rights are always crafted to balance public "
-"and private interests. See Thomas C. Grey, \"The Disintegration of Property,"
-"\" in <citetitle>Nomos XXII: Property</citetitle>, J. Roland Pennock and "
-"John W. Chapman, eds. (New York: New York University Press, 1980). "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"and private interests. See Thomas C. Grey, <quote>The Disintegration of "
+"Property,</quote> in <citetitle>Nomos XXII: Property</citetitle>, J. Roland "
+"Pennock and John W. Chapman, eds. (New York: New York University Press, "
+"
1980). <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Det var enkelt viktigste bidrag av juridiske realist-bevegelse for å "
"demonstrere at alle eiendomsrettigheter alltid er laget for å balansere "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"The issue is therefore not simply whether copyright is property. Of course "
-"copyright is a kind of \"property,\" and of course, as with any property, "
-"the state ought to protect it. But first impressions notwithstanding, "
-"historically, this property right (as with all property rights<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>) has been crafted to balance the important "
-"need to give authors and artists incentives with the equally important need "
-"to assure access to creative work. This balance has always been struck in "
-"light of new technologies. And for almost half of our tradition, the "
-"\"copyright\" did not control <emphasis>at all</emphasis> the freedom of "
-"others to build upon or transform a creative work. American culture was born "
-"free, and for almost 180 years our country consistently protected a vibrant "
-"and rich free culture."
+"copyright is a kind of <quote>property,</quote> and of course, as with any "
+"property, the state ought to protect it. But first impressions "
+"notwithstanding, historically, this property right (as with all property "
+"rights<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>) has been crafted to "
+"balance the important need to give authors and artists incentives with the "
+"equally important need to assure access to creative work. This balance has "
+"always been struck in light of new technologies. And for almost half of our "
+"tradition, the <quote>copyright</quote> did not control <emphasis>at all</"
+"emphasis> the freedom of others to build upon or transform a creative work. "
+"American culture was born free, and for almost 180 years our country "
+"consistently protected a vibrant and rich free culture."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 184
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We achieved that free culture because our law respected important limits on "
-"the scope of the interests protected by \"property.\" The very birth of "
-"\"copyright\" as a statutory right recognized those limits, by granting "
-"copyright owners protection for a limited time only (the story of chapter "
-"6). The tradition of \"fair use\" is animated by a similar concern that is "
-"increasingly under strain as the costs of exercising any fair use right "
-"become unavoidably high (the story of chapter 7). Adding statutory rights "
-"where markets might stifle innovation is another familiar limit on the "
-"property right that copyright is (chapter 8). And granting archives and "
-"libraries a broad freedom to collect, claims of property notwithstanding, is "
-"a crucial part of guaranteeing the soul of a culture (chapter 9). Free "
-"cultures, like free markets, are built with property. But the nature of the "
-"property that builds a free culture is very different from the extremist "
-"vision that dominates the debate today."
+"the scope of the interests protected by <quote>property.</quote> The very "
+"birth of <quote>copyright</quote> as a statutory right recognized those "
+"limits, by granting copyright owners protection for a limited time only (the "
+"story of chapter 6). The tradition of <quote>fair use</quote> is animated by "
+"a similar concern that is increasingly under strain as the costs of "
+"exercising any fair use right become unavoidably high (the story of chapter "
+"7). Adding statutory rights where markets might stifle innovation is another "
+"familiar limit on the property right that copyright is (chapter 8). And "
+"granting archives and libraries a broad freedom to collect, claims of "
+"property notwithstanding, is a crucial part of guaranteeing the soul of a "
+"culture (chapter 9). Free cultures, like free markets, are built with "
+"property. But the nature of the property that builds a free culture is very "
+"different from the extremist vision that dominates the debate today."
msgstr ""
"Vi oppnådde at fri kultur fordi vår lov respektert viktig begrensninger på "
"omfanget av interessene beskyttet av \"egenskapen.\" svært fødselen av "
msgstr "Wells, H. G."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
-msgid ""Country of the Blind, The" (Wells)"
+msgid "<quote>Country of the Blind, The</quote> (Wells)"
msgstr ""
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, "
-"<citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, Michael "
-"Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
+"H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See H. G. "
+"Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, "
+"Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
msgstr ""
-"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). Se H. G. Wells, "
+"H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). Se H. G. Wells, "
"<citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, Michael "
"Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
"In a well-known short story by H. G. Wells, a mountain climber named Nunez "
"trips (literally, down an ice slope) into an unknown and isolated valley in "
"the Peruvian Andes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The valley is "
-"extraordinarily beautiful, with \"sweet water, pasture, an even climate, "
-"slopes of rich brown soil with tangles of a shrub that bore an excellent "
-"fruit.\" But the villagers are all blind. Nunez takes this as an "
-"opportunity. \"In the Country of the Blind,\" he tells himself, \"the One-"
-"Eyed Man is King.\" So he resolves to live with the villagers to explore "
-"life as a king."
+"extraordinarily beautiful, with <quote>sweet water, pasture, an even "
+"climate, slopes of rich brown soil with tangles of a shrub that bore an "
+"excellent fruit.</quote> But the villagers are all blind. Nunez takes this "
+"as an opportunity. <quote>In the Country of the Blind,</quote> he tells "
+"himself, <quote>the One-Eyed Man is King.</quote> So he resolves to live "
+"with the villagers to explore life as a king."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Things don't go quite as he planned. He tries to explain the idea of sight "
-"to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are \"blind.\" "
-"They don't have the word <citetitle>blind</citetitle>. They think he's just "
-"thick. Indeed, as they increasingly notice the things he can't do (hear the "
-"sound of grass being stepped on, for example), they increasingly try to "
-"control him. He, in turn, becomes increasingly frustrated. \"`You don't "
-"understand,' he cried, in a voice that was meant to be great and resolute, "
-"and which broke. `You are blind and I can see. Leave me alone!'\""
+"to the villagers. They don't understand. He tells them they are <quote>blind."
+"</quote> They don't have the word <citetitle>blind</citetitle>. They think "
+"he's just thick. Indeed, as they increasingly notice the things he can't do "
+"(hear the sound of grass being stepped on, for example), they increasingly "
+"try to control him. He, in turn, becomes increasingly frustrated. "
+"<quote>`You don't understand,' he cried, in a voice that was meant to be "
+"great and resolute, and which broke. `You are blind and I can see. Leave me "
+"alone!'</quote>"
msgstr ""
"ting går ikke helt som han har planlagt. han prøver å forklare idéen om "
"synet til landsbyboere. de forstår ikke. Han forteller dem at de er \"blind."
msgid ""
"The villagers don't leave him alone. Nor do they see (so to speak) the "
"virtue of his special power. Not even the ultimate target of his affection, "
-"a young woman who to him seems \"the most beautiful thing in the whole of "
-"creation,\" understands the beauty of sight. Nunez's description of what he "
-"sees \"seemed to her the most poetical of fancies, and she listened to his "
-"description of the stars and the mountains and her own sweet white-lit "
-"beauty as though it was a guilty indulgence.\" \"She did not believe,\" "
-"Wells tells us, and \"she could only half understand, but she was "
-"mysteriously delighted.\""
+"a young woman who to him seems <quote>the most beautiful thing in the whole "
+"of creation,</quote> understands the beauty of sight. Nunez's description of "
+"what he sees <quote>seemed to her the most poetical of fancies, and she "
+"listened to his description of the stars and the mountains and her own sweet "
+"white-lit beauty as though it was a guilty indulgence.</quote> <quote>She "
+"did not believe,</quote> Wells tells us, and <quote>she could only half "
+"understand, but she was mysteriously delighted.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"landsbyboere la ikke ham være. heller ikke har de ser (så å si) kraft av sin "
"spesielle kraft. ikke engang ultimate målet for hans hengivenhet, en ung "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his \"mysteriously delighted\" "
-"love, the father and the village object. \"You see, my dear,\" her father "
-"instructs, \"he's an idiot. He has delusions. He can't do anything right.\" "
-"They take Nunez to the village doctor."
+"When Nunez announces his desire to marry his <quote>mysteriously delighted</"
+"quote> love, the father and the village object. <quote>You see, my dear,</"
+"quote> her father instructs, <quote>he's an idiot. He has delusions. He "
+"can't do anything right.</quote> They take Nunez to the village doctor."
msgstr ""
"Når nunez kunngjør hans ønske om å gifte seg med hans \"mysteriously glad\" "
"kjærlighet, Faderen og landsbyen-objekt. \"du se, min kjære,\" hennes far "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. \"His brain is "
-"affected,\" he reports."
+"After a careful examination, the doctor gives his opinion. <quote>His brain "
+"is affected,</quote> he reports."
msgstr ""
"etter en forsiktig eksamen gir legen sin mening. \"hans hjernen er berørt,\" "
"rapporterer han."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"What affects it?\" the father asks. \"Those queer things that are called "
-"the eyes … are diseased … in such a way as to affect his brain."
-"\""
+"<quote>What affects it?</quote> the father asks. <quote>Those queer things "
+"that are called the eyes … are diseased … in such a way as to "
+"affect his brain.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"hva påvirker det?\" spør Faderen. \"de skeiv ting som kalles øynene... er "
"sykelig... på en måte som påvirker hans hjernen.\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The doctor continues: \"I think I may say with reasonable certainty that in "
-"order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and easy "
-"surgical operation—namely, to remove these irritant bodies [the eyes]."
-"\""
+"The doctor continues: <quote>I think I may say with reasonable certainty "
+"that in order to cure him completely, all that we need to do is a simple and "
+"easy surgical operation—namely, to remove these irritant bodies [the "
+"eyes].</quote>"
msgstr ""
"legen fortsetter: \"Jeg tror jeg kan si med rimelig sikkerhet at for å "
"helbrede ham helt, alt vi trenger å gjøre er en enkel og lett kirurgisk "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Thank Heaven for science!\" says the father to the doctor. They inform "
-"Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride. (You'll "
-"have to read the original to learn what happens in the end. I believe in "
-"free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.) It sometimes "
-"happens that the eggs of twins fuse in the mother's womb. That fusion "
-"produces a \"chimera.\" A chimera is a single creature with two sets of DNA. "
-"The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different from the DNA of the "
-"skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder mysteries. \"But the "
-"DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was not the person whose blood "
-"was at the scene. …\""
+"<quote>Thank Heaven for science!</quote> says the father to the doctor. They "
+"inform Nunez of this condition necessary for him to be allowed his bride. "
+"(You'll have to read the original to learn what happens in the end. I "
+"believe in free culture, but never in giving away the end of a story.) It "
+"sometimes happens that the eggs of twins fuse in the mother's womb. That "
+"fusion produces a <quote>chimera.</quote> A chimera is a single creature "
+"with two sets of DNA. The DNA in the blood, for example, might be different "
+"from the DNA of the skin. This possibility is an underused plot for murder "
+"mysteries. <quote>But the DNA shows with 100 percent certainty that she was "
+"not the person whose blood was at the scene. …</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"thank heaven for science!\", sier faren til legen. de informere nunez av "
"denne tilstanden som er nødvendig for ham å være tillatt hans brud. (du må "
"single person can't have two sets of DNA. The very idea of DNA is that it is "
"the code of an individual. Yet in fact, not only can two individuals have "
"the same set of DNA (identical twins), but one person can have two different "
-"sets of DNA (a chimera). Our understanding of a \"person\" should reflect "
-"this reality."
+"sets of DNA (a chimera). Our understanding of a <quote>person</quote> should "
+"reflect this reality."
msgstr ""
"før jeg hadde lest om regenererende, ville jeg sagt de var umulig. en enkelt "
"person kan ikke ha to sett med dna. selve idéen om dna er at det er koden "
msgid ""
"The more I work to understand the current struggle over copyright and "
"culture, which I've sometimes called unfairly, and sometimes not unfairly "
-"enough, \"the copyright wars,\" the more I think we're dealing with a "
-"chimera. For example, in the battle over the question \"What is p2p file "
-"sharing?\" both sides have it right, and both sides have it wrong. One side "
-"says, \"File sharing is just like two kids taping each others' records—"
-"the sort of thing we've been doing for the last thirty years without any "
-"question at all.\" That's true, at least in part. When I tell my best friend "
-"to try out a new CD that I've bought, but rather than just send the CD, I "
-"point him to my p2p server, that is, in all relevant respects, just like "
-"what every executive in every recording company no doubt did as a kid: "
-"sharing music."
+"enough, <quote>the copyright wars,</quote> the more I think we're dealing "
+"with a chimera. For example, in the battle over the question <quote>What is "
+"p2p file sharing?</quote> both sides have it right, and both sides have it "
+"wrong. One side says, <quote>File sharing is just like two kids taping each "
+"others' records—the sort of thing we've been doing for the last thirty "
+"years without any question at all.</quote> That's true, at least in part. "
+"When I tell my best friend to try out a new CD that I've bought, but rather "
+"than just send the CD, I point him to my p2p server, that is, in all "
+"relevant respects, just like what every executive in every recording company "
+"no doubt did as a kid: sharing music."
msgstr ""
"Jo mer jeg arbeider for å forstå gjeldende kampen over copyright og kultur, "
"som jeg har noen ganger kalt urettferdig, og noen ganger ikke urettferdig "
msgid ""
"But the description is also false in part. For when my p2p server is on a "
"p2p network through which anyone can get access to my music, then sure, my "
-"friends can get access, but it stretches the meaning of \"friends\" beyond "
-"recognition to say \"my ten thousand best friends\" can get access. Whether "
-"or not sharing my music with my best friend is what \"we have always been "
-"allowed to do,\" we have not always been allowed to share music with \"our "
-"ten thousand best friends.\""
+"friends can get access, but it stretches the meaning of <quote>friends</"
+"quote> beyond recognition to say <quote>my ten thousand best friends</quote> "
+"can get access. Whether or not sharing my music with my best friend is what "
+"<quote>we have always been allowed to do,</quote> we have not always been "
+"allowed to share music with <quote>our ten thousand best friends.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"men beskrivelsen er også falske delvis. for når min p2p-serveren er på en "
"p2p kan nettverk som alle kan få tilgang til min musikk, deretter sikker, "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Likewise, when the other side says, \"File sharing is just like walking into "
-"a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with it,\" "
-"that's true, at least in part. If, after Lyle Lovett (finally) releases a "
-"new album, rather than buying it, I go to Kazaa and find a free copy to "
-"take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Likewise, when the other side says, <quote>File sharing is just like walking "
+"into a Tower Records and taking a CD off the shelf and walking out with it,</"
+"quote> that's true, at least in part. If, after Lyle Lovett (finally) "
+"releases a new album, rather than buying it, I go to Kazaa and find a free "
+"copy to take, that is very much like stealing a copy from Tower. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"på samme måte når den andre siden, sier, \"fildeling er akkurat som å vandre "
"inn i en tower records og tar en cd av sokkelen og vandre ut med det,\" som "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"For an excellent summary, see the report prepared by GartnerG2 and the "
-"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, \"Copyright "
-"and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" 27 June 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #33</ulink>. Reps. John "
-"Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) have introduced a bill "
-"that would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a felony offense with "
-"punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; see Jon Healey, "
-"\"House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,\" <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</"
-"citetitle>, 17 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #34</ulink>. Civil penalties are currently set at $150,000 per "
-"copied song. For a recent (and unsuccessful) legal challenge to the RIAA's "
-"demand that an ISP reveal the identity of a user accused of sharing more "
-"than 600 songs through a family computer, see <citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. "
-"<citetitle>Verizon Internet Services (In re. Verizon Internet Services)</"
-"citetitle>, 240 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). Such a user could face "
-"liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such astronomical figures furnish "
-"the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its prosecution of file sharers. "
-"Settlements ranging from $12,000 to $17,500 for four students accused of "
-"heavy file sharing on university networks must have seemed a mere pittance "
-"next to the $98 billion the RIAA could seek should the matter proceed to "
-"court. See Elizabeth Young, \"Downloading Could Lead to Fines,\" redandblack."
-"com, August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #35</ulink>. For an example of the RIAA's targeting of student file "
-"sharing, and of the subpoenas issued to universities to reveal student file-"
-"sharer identities, see James Collins, \"RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT "
-"to Name Students,\" <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, D3, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, "
+"<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> 27 June "
+"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #33</"
+"ulink>. Reps. John Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) and Howard L. Berman (D-Calif.) "
+"have introduced a bill that would treat unauthorized on-line copying as a "
+"felony offense with punishments ranging as high as five years imprisonment; "
+"see Jon Healey, <quote>House Bill Aims to Up Stakes on Piracy,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 17 July 2003, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #34</ulink>. Civil penalties are "
+"currently set at $150,000 per copied song. For a recent (and unsuccessful) "
+"legal challenge to the RIAA's demand that an ISP reveal the identity of a "
+"user accused of sharing more than 600 songs through a family computer, see "
+"<citetitle>RIAA</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Verizon Internet Services (In re. "
+"Verizon Internet Services)</citetitle>, 240 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2003). "
+"Such a user could face liability ranging as high as $90 million. Such "
+"astronomical figures furnish the RIAA with a powerful arsenal in its "
+"prosecution of file sharers. Settlements ranging from $12,000 to $17,500 for "
+"four students accused of heavy file sharing on university networks must have "
+"seemed a mere pittance next to the $98 billion the RIAA could seek should "
+"the matter proceed to court. See Elizabeth Young, <quote>Downloading Could "
+"Lead to Fines,</quote> redandblack.com, August 2003, available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #35</ulink>. For an example of the "
+"RIAA's targeting of student file sharing, and of the subpoenas issued to "
+"universities to reveal student file-sharer identities, see James Collins, "
+"<quote>RIAA Steps Up Bid to Force BC, MIT to Name Students,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 8 August 2003, D3, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #36</ulink>. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to \"steal\" music. My "
-"focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this war will "
-"also kill. We have never seen the power to innovate spread so broadly among "
-"our citizens, and we have just begun to see the innovation that this power "
-"will unleash. Yet the Internet has already seen the passing of one cycle of "
-"innovation around technologies to distribute content. The law is responsible "
-"for this passing. As the vice president for global public policy at one of "
-"these new innovators, eMusic.com, put it when criticizing the DMCA's added "
-"protection for copyrighted material,"
+"I'm not talking about the opportunities for kids to <quote>steal</quote> "
+"music. My focus instead is the commercial and cultural innovation that this "
+"war will also kill. We have never seen the power to innovate spread so "
+"broadly among our citizens, and we have just begun to see the innovation "
+"that this power will unleash. Yet the Internet has already seen the passing "
+"of one cycle of innovation around technologies to distribute content. The "
+"law is responsible for this passing. As the vice president for global public "
+"policy at one of these new innovators, eMusic.com, put it when criticizing "
+"the DMCA's added protection for copyrighted material,"
msgstr ""
"Jeg snakker ikke om mulighetene for barn å \"stjele\" musikk. mitt fokus i "
"stedet er kommersielle og kulturelle innovasjon som denne krigen vil også "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of \"the "
-"major labels.\" Its position on these matters has now changed. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"In April 2001, eMusic.com was purchased by Vivendi Universal, one of "
+"<quote>the major labels.</quote> Its position on these matters has now "
+"changed. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"i april 2001, ble emusic.com kjøpt av vivendi universal, en av \"den store "
"etiketter.\" posisjonen på disse sakene er nå endret."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"To fight \"piracy,\" to protect \"property,\" the content industry has "
-"launched a war. Lobbying and lots of campaign contributions have now brought "
-"the government into this war. As with any war, this one will have both "
-"direct and collateral damage. As with any war of prohibition, these damages "
-"will be suffered most by our own people."
+"To fight <quote>piracy,</quote> to protect <quote>property,</quote> the "
+"content industry has launched a war. Lobbying and lots of campaign "
+"contributions have now brought the government into this war. As with any "
+"war, this one will have both direct and collateral damage. As with any war "
+"of prohibition, these damages will be suffered most by our own people."
msgstr ""
"for å bekjempe \"piratkopiering\", for å beskytte \"eiendom\" har innhold "
"industrien lansert en krig. Lobbying og massevis av kampanjen bidrag har nå "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"My aim so far has been to describe the consequences of this war, in "
-"particular, the consequences for \"free culture.\" But my aim now is to "
-"extend this description of consequences into an argument. Is this war "
+"particular, the consequences for <quote>free culture.</quote> But my aim now "
+"is to extend this description of consequences into an argument. Is this war "
"justified?"
msgstr ""
"Målet mitt hittil har vært å beskrive konsekvensene av denne krigen, "
msgid ""
"In my view, it is not. There is no good reason why this time, for the first "
"time, the law should defend the old against the new, just when the power of "
-"the property called \"intellectual property\" is at its greatest in our "
-"history."
+"the property called <quote>intellectual property</quote> is at its greatest "
+"in our history."
msgstr ""
"i min mening er det ikke. Det er ingen god grunn hvorfor denne gangen, for "
"første gang, loven skal forsvare gamle mot den nye, bare når strømmen av "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Yet \"common sense\" does not see it this way. Common sense is still on the "
-"side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme claims of control "
-"in the name of property still resonate; the uncritical rejection of \"piracy"
-"\" still has play."
+"Yet <quote>common sense</quote> does not see it this way. Common sense is "
+"still on the side of the Causbys and the content industry. The extreme "
+"claims of control in the name of property still resonate; the uncritical "
+"rejection of <quote>piracy</quote> still has play."
msgstr ""
"ennå se \"sunn fornuft\" ikke det på denne måten. sunn fornuft er fortsatt "
"på siden av causbys og innhold industrien. ekstreme krav til kontroll i "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This digital \"capturing and sharing\" is in part an extension of the "
-"capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and in "
-"part it is something new. It is continuous with the Kodak, but it explodes "
-"the boundaries of Kodak-like technologies. The technology of digital "
-"\"capturing and sharing\" promises a world of extraordinarily diverse "
-"creativity that can be easily and broadly shared. And as that creativity is "
-"applied to democracy, it will enable a broad range of citizens to use "
-"technology to express and criticize and contribute to the culture all around."
+"This digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> is in part an extension of "
+"the capturing and sharing that has always been integral to our culture, and "
+"in part it is something new. It is continuous with the Kodak, but it "
+"explodes the boundaries of Kodak-like technologies. The technology of "
+"digital <quote>capturing and sharing</quote> promises a world of "
+"extraordinarily diverse creativity that can be easily and broadly shared. "
+"And as that creativity is applied to democracy, it will enable a broad range "
+"of citizens to use technology to express and criticize and contribute to the "
+"culture all around."
msgstr ""
"Denne digitale \"fange inn og dele\" er delvis en utvidelse for å registrere "
"og dele det har alltid vært del av vår kultur, og delvis det er noe nytt. "
msgid ""
"See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
"WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
-"for details of the settlement, see MCI press release, \"MCI Wins U.S. "
-"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement\" (7 July 2003), available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"for details of the settlement, see MCI press release, <quote>MCI Wins U.S. "
+"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement</quote> (7 July 2003), available "
+"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Se Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at WorldCom</"
"citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; for "
-"detaljer om dette forliket, se pressemelding fra MCI, \"MCI Wins U.S. "
-"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement\" (7. juli 2003), tilgjengelig "
+"detaljer om dette forliket, se pressemelding fra MCI, <quote>MCI Wins U.S. "
+"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement</quote> (7. juli 2003), tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"The bill, modeled after California's tort reform model, was passed in the "
"House of Representatives but defeated in a Senate vote in July 2003. For an "
-"overview, see Tanya Albert, \"Measure Stalls in Senate: `We'll Be Back,' Say "
-"Tort Reformers,\" amednews.com, 28 July 2003, available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #38</ulink>, and \"Senate Turns Back "
-"Malpractice Caps,\" CBSNews.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #39</ulink>. President Bush has "
-"continued to urge tort reform in recent months. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"overview, see Tanya Albert, <quote>Measure Stalls in Senate: `We'll Be "
+"Back,' Say Tort Reformers,</quote> amednews.com, 28 July 2003, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #38</ulink>, and "
+"<quote>Senate Turns Back Malpractice Caps,</quote> CBSNews.com, 9 July 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #39</ulink>. "
+"President Bush has continued to urge tort reform in recent months. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
-"citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
+"See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the "
+"exhibition, see <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</"
+"ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
+"Se Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free</quote>, <citetitle>Wired</"
"citetitle>, 7. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For en oversikt over utstillingen, se <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
"The consequence of this legal uncertainty, tied to these extremely high "
"penalties, is that an extraordinary amount of creativity will either never "
"be exercised, or never be exercised in the open. We drive this creative "
-"process underground by branding the modern-day Walt Disneys \"pirates.\" We "
-"make it impossible for businesses to rely upon a public domain, because the "
-"boundaries of the public domain are designed to be unclear. It never pays to "
-"do anything except pay for the right to create, and hence only those who can "
-"pay are allowed to create. As was the case in the Soviet Union, though for "
-"very different reasons, we will begin to see a world of underground "
-"art—not because the message is necessarily political, or because the "
-"subject is controversial, but because the very act of creating the art is "
-"legally fraught. Already, exhibits of \"illegal art\" tour the United States."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In what does their \"illegality\" "
-"consist? In the act of mixing the culture around us with an expression that "
-"is critical or reflective."
+"process underground by branding the modern-day Walt Disneys <quote>pirates.</"
+"quote> We make it impossible for businesses to rely upon a public domain, "
+"because the boundaries of the public domain are designed to be unclear. It "
+"never pays to do anything except pay for the right to create, and hence only "
+"those who can pay are allowed to create. As was the case in the Soviet "
+"Union, though for very different reasons, we will begin to see a world of "
+"underground art—not because the message is necessarily political, or "
+"because the subject is controversial, but because the very act of creating "
+"the art is legally fraught. Already, exhibits of <quote>illegal art</quote> "
+"tour the United States.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In what "
+"does their <quote>illegality</quote> consist? In the act of mixing the "
+"culture around us with an expression that is critical or reflective."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judges and lawyers can tell themselves that fair use provides adequate "
-"\"breathing room\" between regulation by the law and the access the law "
-"should allow. But it is a measure of how out of touch our legal system has "
-"become that anyone actually believes this. The rules that publishers impose "
-"upon writers, the rules that film distributors impose upon filmmakers, the "
-"rules that newspapers impose upon journalists— these are the real laws "
-"governing creativity. And these rules have little relationship to the \"law"
-"\" with which judges comfort themselves."
+"<quote>breathing room</quote> between regulation by the law and the access "
+"the law should allow. But it is a measure of how out of touch our legal "
+"system has become that anyone actually believes this. The rules that "
+"publishers impose upon writers, the rules that film distributors impose upon "
+"filmmakers, the rules that newspapers impose upon journalists— these "
+"are the real laws governing creativity. And these rules have little "
+"relationship to the <quote>law</quote> with which judges comfort themselves."
msgstr ""
"dommere og advokater kan fortelle seg selv at fair use gir tilstrekkelig "
"\"puste rommet\" mellom regulering av loven, og access loven skal tillate. "
"against a copyright infringement claim, and which would never return to the "
"wrongfully accused defendant anything of the costs she suffered to defend "
"her right to speak—in that world, the astonishingly broad regulations "
-"that pass under the name \"copyright\" silence speech and creativity. And in "
-"that world, it takes a studied blindness for people to continue to believe "
-"they live in a culture that is free."
+"that pass under the name <quote>copyright</quote> silence speech and "
+"creativity. And in that world, it takes a studied blindness for people to "
+"continue to believe they live in a culture that is free."
msgstr ""
"for i en verden som truer $150.000 for en enkelt willful brudd på "
"opphavsretten, og som krever titusenvis av dollar til selv forsvar mot "
"And while a lot of stuff may [still] be created, it still won't get "
"distributed. Even if the stuff gets made … you're not going to get it "
"distributed in the mainstream media unless you've got a little note from a "
-"lawyer saying, \"This has been cleared.\" You're not even going to get it on "
-"PBS without that kind of permission. That's the point at which they control "
-"it."
+"lawyer saying, <quote>This has been cleared.</quote> You're not even going "
+"to get it on PBS without that kind of permission. That's the point at which "
+"they control it."
msgstr ""
"Vi miste [kreative] muligheter høyre og venstre. kreative mennesker blir "
"tvunget ikke til å uttrykke seg. tanker er ikke angitt. og mens mange ting "
"it is an aspect that could be written by the most extreme promarket "
"ideologue. And if you're one of these sorts (and a special one at that, 188 "
"pages into a book like this), then you can see this other aspect by "
-"substituting \"free market\" every place I've spoken of \"free culture.\" "
-"The point is the same, even if the interests affecting culture are more "
-"fundamental."
+"substituting <quote>free market</quote> every place I've spoken of "
+"<quote>free culture.</quote> The point is the same, even if the interests "
+"affecting culture are more fundamental."
msgstr ""
"men det er en del av denne historien ikke er lefty i noen betydning. Det er "
"faktisk et aspekt som kan være skrevet av den mest ekstreme promarket "
"from last generation's dominant industries. That lesson has been taught "
"through a series of cases that were designed and executed to teach venture "
"capitalists a lesson. That lesson—what former Napster CEO Hank Barry "
-"calls a \"nuclear pall\" that has fallen over the Valley—has been "
-"learned."
+"calls a <quote>nuclear pall</quote> that has fallen over the Valley—"
+"has been learned."
msgstr ""
"Dette er single mest dramatiske effekten av skiftet i regulatoriske strategi "
"som jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10. konsekvens av denne massiv trussel av "
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Joseph Menn, \"Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,\" <citetitle>Los "
-"Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel argument about the "
-"effects on innovation in the distribution of music, see Janelle Brown, \"The "
-"Music Revolution Will Not Be Digitized,\" Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available "
-"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #42</ulink>. See also "
-"Jon Healey, \"Online Music Services Besieged,\" <citetitle>Los Angeles "
-"Times</citetitle>, 28 May 2001."
+"See Joseph Menn, <quote>Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 23 April 2003. For a parallel "
+"argument about the effects on innovation in the distribution of music, see "
+"Janelle Brown, <quote>The Music Revolution Will Not Be Digitized,</quote> "
+"Salon.com, 1 June 2001, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #42</ulink>. See also Jon Healey, <quote>Online Music "
+"Services Besieged,</quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 28 May "
+"2001."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
-"citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this "
-"example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. "
+"Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
+"Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s</quote>, <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
"citetitle>, 16. juni 2003, tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot "
"for dette eksemplet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"This is the world of the mafia—filled with \"your money or your life\" "
-"offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats that the law "
-"empowers copyright holders to exercise. It is a system that will obviously "
-"and necessarily stifle new innovation. It is hard enough to start a company. "
-"It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly threatened by litigation."
+"This is the world of the mafia—filled with <quote>your money or your "
+"life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
+"that the law empowers copyright holders to exercise. It is a system that "
+"will obviously and necessarily stifle new innovation. It is hard enough to "
+"start a company. It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly "
+"threatened by litigation."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er verden til mafiaen—fylt med \"penger eller livet\"-trusler, "
+"Dette er verden til mafiaen—fylt med <quote>penger eller livet</quote>-trusler, "
"som ikke er regulert av domstolene men av trusler som loven gir "
"rettighetsinnehaver mulighet til å komme med. Det er et system som åpenbart "
"og nødvendigvis vil kvele ny innovasjon. Det er vanskelig nok å starte et "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is not that businesses should have a right to start illegal "
-"enterprises. The point is the definition of \"illegal.\" The law is a mess "
-"of uncertainty. We have no good way to know how it should apply to new "
-"technologies. Yet by reversing our tradition of judicial deference, and by "
-"embracing the astonishingly high penalties that copyright law imposes, that "
-"uncertainty now yields a reality which is far more conservative than is "
+"enterprises. The point is the definition of <quote>illegal.</quote> The law "
+"is a mess of uncertainty. We have no good way to know how it should apply to "
+"new technologies. Yet by reversing our tradition of judicial deference, and "
+"by embracing the astonishingly high penalties that copyright law imposes, "
+"that uncertainty now yields a reality which is far more conservative than is "
"right. If the law imposed the death penalty for parking tickets, we'd not "
"only have fewer parking tickets, we'd also have much less driving. The same "
"principle applies to innovation. If innovation is constantly checked by this "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The point is directly parallel to the crunchy-lefty point about fair use. "
-"Whatever the \"real\" law is, realism about the effect of law in both "
-"contexts is the same. This wildly punitive system of regulation will "
+"Whatever the <quote>real</quote> law is, realism about the effect of law in "
+"both contexts is the same. This wildly punitive system of regulation will "
"systematically stifle creativity and innovation. It will protect some "
"industries and some creators, but it will harm industry and creativity "
"generally. Free market and free culture depend upon vibrant competition. "
"The motivation for this response is obvious. The Internet enables the "
"efficient spread of content. That efficiency is a feature of the Internet's "
"design. But from the perspective of the content industry, this feature is a "
-"\"bug.\" The efficient spread of content means that content distributors "
-"have a harder time controlling the distribution of content. One obvious "
-"response to this efficiency is thus to make the Internet less efficient. If "
-"the Internet enables \"piracy,\" then, this response says, we should break "
-"the kneecaps of the Internet."
+"<quote>bug.</quote> The efficient spread of content means that content "
+"distributors have a harder time controlling the distribution of content. "
+"One obvious response to this efficiency is thus to make the Internet less "
+"efficient. If the Internet enables <quote>piracy,</quote> then, this "
+"response says, we should break the kneecaps of the Internet."
msgstr ""
"motivasjon for dette svaret er åpenbart. Internett gjør det mulig for "
"effektiv spredning av innhold. at effektiviteten er en funksjon av "
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" GartnerG2 and the "
-"Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School (2003), "
-"33–35, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#44</ulink>."
+"<quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,</quote> "
+"GartnerG2 and the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law "
+"School (2003), 33–35, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #44</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. f7.
"require computers to determine whether the content they access is protected "
"or not, and to disable the spread of protected content.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Congress has already launched proceedings to explore "
-"a mandatory \"broadcast flag\" that would be required on any device capable "
-"of transmitting digital video (i.e., a computer), and that would disable the "
-"copying of any content that is marked with a broadcast flag. Other members "
-"of Congress have proposed immunizing content providers from liability for "
-"technology they might deploy that would hunt down copyright violators and "
-"disable their machines.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"a mandatory <quote>broadcast flag</quote> that would be required on any "
+"device capable of transmitting digital video (i.e., a computer), and that "
+"would disable the copying of any content that is marked with a broadcast "
+"flag. Other members of Congress have proposed immunizing content providers "
+"from liability for technology they might deploy that would hunt down "
+"copyright violators and disable their machines.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 203
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See David McGuire, \"Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,\" Newsbytes, "
-"February 2002 (Entertainment)."
+"See David McGuire, <quote>Tech Execs Square Off Over Piracy,</quote> "
+"Newsbytes, February 2002 (Entertainment)."
msgstr ""
"se david mcguire, \"tech execs torget off over piratkopiering,\" newsbytes, "
"februar 2002 (underholdning)."
"holders use technology to stop copyright infringement. In August 2002, "
"Representative Billy Tauzin introduced a bill to mandate that technologies "
"capable of rebroadcasting digital copies of films broadcast on TV (i.e., "
-"computers) respect a \"broadcast flag\" that would disable copying of that "
-"content. And in March of the same year, Senator Fritz Hollings introduced "
-"the Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act, which mandated "
-"copyright protection technology in all digital media devices. See GartnerG2, "
-"\"Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World,\" 27 June 2003, "
-"33–34, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#44</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"computers) respect a <quote>broadcast flag</quote> that would disable "
+"copying of that content. And in March of the same year, Senator Fritz "
+"Hollings introduced the Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion "
+"Act, which mandated copyright protection technology in all digital media "
+"devices. See GartnerG2, <quote>Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster "
+"World,</quote> 27 June 2003, 33–34, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #44</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"As I described in chapter <xref xrefstyle=\"select: labelnumber\" linkend="
"\"pirates\"/>, when a radio station plays a song, the recording artist "
-"doesn't get paid for that \"radio performance\" unless he or she is also the "
-"composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded a version of "
-"\"Happy Birthday\"—to memorialize her famous performance before "
-"President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then whenever that "
-"recording was played on the radio, the current copyright owners of \"Happy "
-"Birthday\" would get some money, whereas Marilyn Monroe would not. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"doesn't get paid for that <quote>radio performance</quote> unless he or she "
+"is also the composer. So, for example if Marilyn Monroe had recorded a "
+"version of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote>—to memorialize her famous "
+"performance before President Kennedy at Madison Square Garden— then "
+"whenever that recording was played on the radio, the current copyright "
+"owners of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> would get some money, whereas "
+"
Marilyn Monroe would not. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"som jeg beskrevet i kapittel 4, når en radiostasjon spiller en sang, får "
"ikke innspillingen artisten betalt for at \"radio ytelse\" med mindre han "
"Enter Internet radio. Like regular radio, Internet radio is a technology to "
"stream content from a broadcaster to a listener. The broadcast travels "
"across the Internet, not across the ether of radio spectrum. Thus, I can "
-"\"tune in\" to an Internet radio station in Berlin while sitting in San "
-"Francisco, even though there's no way for me to tune in to a regular radio "
-"station much beyond the San Francisco metropolitan area."
+"<quote>tune in</quote> to an Internet radio station in Berlin while sitting "
+"in San Francisco, even though there's no way for me to tune in to a regular "
+"radio station much beyond the San Francisco metropolitan area."
msgstr ""
"Skriv inn Internett-radio. som vanlige radio er Internett-radio en teknologi "
"å direktesende innhold fra en kringkasteren til en lytter. kringkastingen "
msgid ""
"This potential for FM radio was never realized—not because Armstrong "
"was wrong about the technology, but because he underestimated the power of "
-"\"vested interests, habits, customs and legislation\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing technology."
+"<quote>vested interests, habits, customs and legislation</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> to retard the growth of this competing "
+"technology."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"radio in 1995, the lobbyists had primed Congress to adopt a different rule "
"for Internet radio than the rule that applies to terrestrial radio. While "
"terrestrial radio does not have to pay our hypothetical Marilyn Monroe when "
-"it plays her hypothetical recording of \"Happy Birthday\" on the air, "
-"<emphasis>Internet radio does</emphasis>. Not only is the law not neutral "
-"toward Internet radio—the law actually burdens Internet radio more "
-"than it burdens terrestrial radio."
+"it plays her hypothetical recording of <quote>Happy Birthday</quote> on the "
+"air, <emphasis>Internet radio does</emphasis>. Not only is the law not "
+"neutral toward Internet radio—the law actually burdens Internet radio "
+"more than it burdens terrestrial radio."
msgstr ""
"men her kraften i lobbyister tilbakeføres. Internett-radio er en ny "
"industri. artister, derimot, har en svært kraftig lobby, riaa. dermed hadde "
"Zittrain, Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings and Ephemeral "
"Recordings, Docket No. 2000-9, CARP DTRA 1 and 2, available at <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #45</ulink>. For an excellent "
-"analysis making a similar point, see Randal C. Picker, \"Copyright as Entry "
-"Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,\" <citetitle>Antitrust Bulletin</"
-"citetitle> (Summer/Fall 2002): 461: \"This was not confusion, these are just "
-"old-fashioned entry barriers. Analog radio stations are protected from "
-"digital entrants, reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, this is done "
-"in the name of getting royalties to copyright holders, but, absent the play "
-"of powerful interests, that could have been done in a media-neutral way.\" "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"1\"/>"
+"analysis making a similar point, see Randal C. Picker, <quote>Copyright as "
+"Entry Policy: The Case of Digital Distribution,</quote> <citetitle>Antitrust "
+"Bulletin</citetitle> (Summer/Fall 2002): 461: <quote>This was not confusion, "
+"these are just old-fashioned entry barriers. Analog radio stations are "
+"protected from digital entrants, reducing entry in radio and diversity. Yes, "
+"this is done in the name of getting royalties to copyright holders, but, "
+"absent the play of powerful interests, that could have been done in a media-"
+"neutral way.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"about what they thought a willing buyer would pay to a willing seller, and "
"it was much higher. It was ten times higher than what radio stations pay to "
"perform the same songs for the same period of time. And so the attorneys "
-"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, … \"How do you come up "
-"with a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? Because "
-"here we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, and that "
-"should establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, you're "
-"going to drive the small webcasters out of business. …\""
+"representing the webcasters asked the RIAA, … <quote>How do you come "
+"up with a rate that's so much higher? Why is it worth more than radio? "
+"Because here we have hundreds of thousands of webcasters who want to pay, "
+"and that should establish the market rate, and if you set the rate so high, "
+"you're going to drive the small webcasters out of business. …</quote>"
msgstr ""
"riaa, som var som representerer plateselskapene, presentert noen vitnesbyrd "
"om hva de tenkte en villig kjøper betaler til en villig selger, og det var "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"And the RIAA experts said, \"Well, we don't really model this as an industry "
-"with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an industry "
-"with, you know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate and it's a "
-"stable, predictable market</emphasis>.\" (Emphasis added.)"
+"And the RIAA experts said, <quote>Well, we don't really model this as an "
+"industry with thousands of webcasters, <emphasis>we think it should be an "
+"industry with, you know, five or seven big players who can pay a high rate "
+"and it's a stable, predictable market</emphasis>.</quote> (Emphasis added.)"
msgstr ""
"og riaa eksperter sa, \"Vel, vi ikke virkelig modell dette som industri med "
"tusenvis av webcasters, vi tror det bør være en bransje med, du vet, fem "
#. f15.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, \"The Music Downloading Deluge,\" Pew Internet "
-"and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #46</ulink>. The Pew Internet and American "
-"Life Project reported that 37 million Americans had downloaded music files "
-"from the Internet by early 2001."
+"Mike Graziano and Lee Rainie, <quote>The Music Downloading Deluge,</quote> "
+"Pew Internet and American Life Project (24 April 2001), available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #46</ulink>. The Pew Internet "
+"and American Life Project reported that 37 million Americans had downloaded "
+"music files from the Internet by early 2001."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 209
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Alex Pham, \"The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,\" "
-"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, Business."
+"Alex Pham, <quote>The Labels Strike Back: N.Y. Girl Settles RIAA Case,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, Business."
msgstr ""
"Alex pham, \"etikettene streik tilbake: ny jente settles riaa tilfelle,\" "
"los angeles times, 10 september 2003, business."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, \"Alcohol Consumption During "
-"Prohibition,\" <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, no. 2 "
-"(1991): 242."
+"Jeffrey A. Miron and Jeffrey Zwiebel, <quote>Alcohol Consumption During "
+"Prohibition,</quote> <citetitle>American Economic Review</citetitle> 81, no. "
+"2 (1991): 242."
msgstr ""
"Jeffrey a. miron og jeffrey zwiebel, \"alkoholforbruk under forbudstiden,\" "
"amerikanske økonomiske anmeldelse 81, no. 2 (1991): 242."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, \"Tax Compliance,\" "
-"<citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 (1998): 818 (survey "
-"of compliance literature)."
+"See James Andreoni, Brian Erard, and Jonathon Feinstein, <quote>Tax "
+"Compliance,</quote> <citetitle>Journal of Economic Literature</citetitle> 36 "
+"(1998): 818 (survey of compliance literature)."
msgstr ""
"se james andreoni, brian Eberhard og jonathon feinstein, \"skatt samsvar,\" "
"journal av økonomiske litteratur 36 (1998): 818 (undersøkelse av samsvar "
"the population. We regulate automobiles to the point where the vast majority "
"of Americans violate the law every day. We run such a complex tax system "
"that a majority of cash businesses regularly cheat.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> We pride ourselves on our \"free society,\" but an "
-"endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated within our society. And as a "
-"result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate at least some law. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
+"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> We pride ourselves on our <quote>free society,</"
+"quote> but an endless array of ordinary behavior is regulated within our "
+"society. And as a result, a huge proportion of Americans regularly violate "
+"
at least some law. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid ""
"This state of affairs is not without consequence. It is a particularly "
"salient issue for teachers like me, whose job it is to teach law students "
-"about the importance of \"ethics.\" As my colleague Charlie Nesson told a "
-"class at Stanford, each year law schools admit thousands of students who "
-"have illegally downloaded music, illegally consumed alcohol and sometimes "
-"drugs, illegally worked without paying taxes, illegally driven cars. These "
-"are kids for whom behaving illegally is increasingly the norm. And then we, "
-"as law professors, are supposed to teach them how to behave ethically—"
-"how to say no to bribes, or keep client funds separate, or honor a demand to "
-"disclose a document that will mean that your case is over. Generations of "
-"Americans—more significantly in some parts of America than in others, "
-"but still, everywhere in America today—can't live their lives both "
-"normally and legally, since \"normally\" entails a certain degree of "
-"illegality. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"about the importance of <quote>ethics.</quote> As my colleague Charlie "
+"Nesson told a class at Stanford, each year law schools admit thousands of "
+"students who have illegally downloaded music, illegally consumed alcohol and "
+"sometimes drugs, illegally worked without paying taxes, illegally driven "
+"cars. These are kids for whom behaving illegally is increasingly the norm. "
+"And then we, as law professors, are supposed to teach them how to behave "
+"ethically—how to say no to bribes, or keep client funds separate, or "
+"honor a demand to disclose a document that will mean that your case is over. "
+"Generations of Americans—more significantly in some parts of America "
+"than in others, but still, everywhere in America today—can't live "
+"their lives both normally and legally, since <quote>normally</quote> entails "
+"
a certain degree of illegality. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"denne tilstanden av saker er ikke uten konsekvens. Det er en spesielt "
"fremtredende spørsmålet for lærere som meg, hvis jobb er det å undervise law "
"incarcerate the rapist. But I do care whether my students respect the law. "
"And I do care if the rules of law sow increasing disrespect because of the "
"extreme of regulation they impose. Twenty million Americans have come of "
-"age since the Internet introduced this different idea of \"sharing.\" We "
-"need to be able to call these twenty million Americans \"citizens,\" not "
-"\"felons.\""
+"age since the Internet introduced this different idea of <quote>sharing.</"
+"quote> We need to be able to call these twenty million Americans "
+"<quote>citizens,</quote> not <quote>felons.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Mitt poeng er i stedet en som demokratier forstått i generasjoner, men som "
"vi nylig har lært å glemme. rettssikkerhet, er avhengig av folk som følge "
"plastic encode music that in a certain sense we have bought. The law "
"protects our right to buy and sell that plastic: It is not a copyright "
"infringement for me to sell all my classical records at a used record store "
-"and buy jazz records to replace them. That \"use\" of the recordings is free."
+"and buy jazz records to replace them. That <quote>use</quote> of the "
+"recordings is free."
msgstr ""
"vi alle egne CDer. mange av oss fortsatt eier fonograf poster. disse bitene "
"av plast kode musikk at i en viss forstand vi har kjøpt. loven beskytter vår "
msgid ""
"But as the MP3 craze has demonstrated, there is another use of phonograph "
"records that is effectively free. Because these recordings were made without "
-"copy-protection technologies, I am \"free\" to copy, or \"rip,\" music from "
-"my records onto a computer hard disk. Indeed, Apple Corporation went so far "
-"as to suggest that \"freedom\" was a right: In a series of commercials, "
-"Apple endorsed the \"Rip, Mix, Burn\" capacities of digital technologies."
+"copy-protection technologies, I am <quote>free</quote> to copy, or "
+"<quote>rip,</quote> music from my records onto a computer hard disk. Indeed, "
+"Apple Corporation went so far as to suggest that <quote>freedom</quote> was "
+"a right: In a series of commercials, Apple endorsed the <quote>Rip, Mix, "
+"Burn</quote> capacities of digital technologies."
msgstr ""
"men som mp3-Mani har vist, er det en annen bruk av fonogram som er effektivt "
"gratis. Disse opptakene ble gjort uten kopibeskyttelse teknologier, og jeg "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This \"use\" of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a large "
-"process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing them in "
-"one archive. Then, using Apple's iTunes, or a wonderful program called "
-"Andromeda, we can build different play lists of our music: Bach, Baroque, "
-"Love Songs, Love Songs of Significant Others—the potential is endless. "
-"And by reducing the costs of mixing play lists, these technologies help "
-"build a creativity with play lists that is itself independently valuable. "
-"Compilations of songs are creative and meaningful in their own right."
+"This <quote>use</quote> of my records is certainly valuable. I have begun a "
+"large process at home of ripping all of my and my wife's CDs, and storing "
+"them in one archive. Then, using Apple's iTunes, or a wonderful program "
+"called Andromeda, we can build different play lists of our music: Bach, "
+"Baroque, Love Songs, Love Songs of Significant Others—the potential is "
+"endless. And by reducing the costs of mixing play lists, these technologies "
+"help build a creativity with play lists that is itself independently "
+"valuable. Compilations of songs are creative and meaningful in their own "
+"right."
msgstr ""
"Denne \"Bruk\" av min poster er absolutt verdifull. Jeg har begynt en stor "
"prosess hjemme med ripping av alle mine og min kones CDer, og lagre dem i en "
"technologies would effectively destroy the archiving use of CDs. The "
"technology, in other words, would force us all back to the world where we "
"either listened to music by manipulating pieces of plastic or were part of a "
-"massively complex \"digital rights management\" system."
+"massively complex <quote>digital rights management</quote> system."
msgstr ""
"Hvis disse teknologiene tok av, ville og bygging av store arkiver av din "
"egen musikk bli ganske vanskelig. Du kan henge i hacker sirkler, og få "
"important as our tradition of free culture. There's one more aspect to this "
"corruption that is particularly important to civil liberties, and follows "
"directly from any war of prohibition. As Electronic Frontier Foundation "
-"attorney Fred von Lohmann describes, this is the \"collateral damage\" that "
-"\"arises whenever you turn a very large percentage of the population into "
-"criminals.\" This is the collateral damage to civil liberties generally. "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"attorney Fred von Lohmann describes, this is the <quote>collateral damage</"
+"quote> that <quote>arises whenever you turn a very large percentage of the "
+"population into criminals.</quote> This is the collateral damage to civil "
+"
liberties generally. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Det er forståelig hvorfor de velger som de gjør. Det er ikke forståelig "
"hvorfor vi som et demokrati fortsette å velge som vi gjør. Jack valenti er "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
-"\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann explains, "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
+"
Lohmann explains, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter,\" forklarer von "
+"<quote>Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter</quote>, forklarer von "
"Lohmann, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
"hope to have any privacy rights? If you're a copyright infringer, how can "
"you hope to be secure against seizures of your computer? How can you hope to "
"continue to receive Internet access? … Our sensibilities change as "
-"soon as we think, \"Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a lawbreaker.\" "
-"Well, what this campaign against file sharing has done is turn a remarkable "
-"percentage of the American Internet-using population into \"lawbreakers.\""
+"soon as we think, <quote>Oh, well, but that person's a criminal, a "
+"lawbreaker.</quote> Well, what this campaign against file sharing has done "
+"is turn a remarkable percentage of the American Internet-using population "
+"into <quote>lawbreakers.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"så plutselig en rekke grunnleggende frihet for sivil beskyttelse fordampe "
"til en grad eller annen.... Hvis du er en opphavsrett på lovgivningen, "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See Frank Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in "
-"Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington "
-"Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, \"Worried Parents Pull "
-"Plug on File `Stealing'; With the Music Industry Cracking Down on File "
-"Swapping, Parents are Yanking Software from Home PCs to Avoid Being Sued,\" "
-"<citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</citetitle>, 30 August 2003, C1; "
-"Jefferson Graham, \"Recording Industry Sues Parents,\" <citetitle>USA Today</"
-"citetitle>, 15 September 2003, 4D; John Schwartz, \"She Says She's No Music "
-"Pirate. No Snoop Fan, Either,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 25 "
-"September 2003, C1; Margo Varadi, \"Is Brianna a Criminal?\" "
-"<citetitle>Toronto Star</citetitle>, 18 September 2003, P7."
+"See Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
+"Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Chris Cobbs, "
+"<quote>Worried Parents Pull Plug on File `Stealing'; With the Music Industry "
+"Cracking Down on File Swapping, Parents are Yanking Software from Home PCs "
+"to Avoid Being Sued,</quote> <citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</"
+"citetitle>, 30 August 2003, C1; Jefferson Graham, <quote>Recording Industry "
+"Sues Parents,</quote> <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 15 September 2003, "
+"4D; John Schwartz, <quote>She Says She's No Music Pirate. No Snoop Fan, "
+"Either,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 25 September 2003, "
+"C1; Margo Varadi, <quote>Is Brianna a Criminal?</quote> <citetitle>Toronto "
+"Star</citetitle>, 18 September 2003, P7."
msgstr ""
"se frank ahrens, \"riaa's søksmål møte overrasket over mål; enkelt mor i "
"California, 12-år gammel jente i ny blant saksøkte,\"washington post, 10 "
#. f21.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See \"Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses Some "
-"Methods Used,\" CNN.com, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
+"See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
+"Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
msgstr ""
+"Se Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age</quote>, "
+"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
+"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
msgid ""
"to track Napster users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Using a "
"sophisticated hashing algorithm, the RIAA took what is in effect a "
"fingerprint of every song in the Napster catalog. Any copy of one of those "
-"MP3s will have the same \"fingerprint.\""
+"MP3s will have the same <quote>fingerprint.</quote>"
msgstr ""
#. f22.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Jeff Adler, \"Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,\" "
-"<citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; Frank "
-"Ahrens, \"Four Students Sued over Music Sites; Industry Group Targets File "
-"Sharing at Colleges,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 4 April 2003, "
-"E1; Elizabeth Armstrong, \"Students `Rip, Mix, Burn' at Their Own Risk,\" "
-"<citetitle>Christian Science Monitor</citetitle>, 2 September 2003, 20; "
-"Robert Becker and Angela Rozas, \"Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; Two "
-"Students Names Are Handed Over; Lawsuit Possible,\" <citetitle>Chicago "
-"Tribune</citetitle>, 16 July 2003, 1C; Beth Cox, \"RIAA Trains Antipiracy "
-"Guns on Universities,\" <citetitle>Internet News</citetitle>, 30 January "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #48</"
-"ulink>; Benny Evangelista, \"Download Warning 101: Freshman Orientation This "
-"Fall to Include Record Industry Warnings Against File Sharing,\" "
-"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 11 August 2003, E11; \"Raid, "
-"Letters Are Weapons at Universities,\" <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 26 "
-"September 2000, 3D."
+"See Jeff Adler, <quote>Cambridge: On Campus, Pirates Are Not Penitent,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Boston Globe</citetitle>, 18 May 2003, City Weekly, 1; "
+"Frank Ahrens, <quote>Four Students Sued over Music Sites; Industry Group "
+"Targets File Sharing at Colleges,</quote> <citetitle>Washington Post</"
+"citetitle>, 4 April 2003, E1; Elizabeth Armstrong, <quote>Students `Rip, "
+"Mix, Burn' at Their Own Risk,</quote> <citetitle>Christian Science Monitor</"
+"citetitle>, 2 September 2003, 20; Robert Becker and Angela Rozas, "
+"<quote>Music Pirate Hunt Turns to Loyola; Two Students Names Are Handed "
+"Over; Lawsuit Possible,</quote> <citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 16 "
+"July 2003, 1C; Beth Cox, <quote>RIAA Trains Antipiracy Guns on Universities,"
+"</quote> <citetitle>Internet News</citetitle>, 30 January 2003, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #48</ulink>; Benny "
+"Evangelista, <quote>Download Warning 101: Freshman Orientation This Fall to "
+"Include Record Industry Warnings Against File Sharing,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</citetitle>, 11 August 2003, E11; "
+"<quote>Raid, Letters Are Weapons at Universities,</quote> <citetitle>USA "
+"Today</citetitle>, 26 September 2000, 3D."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"used to make as a kid. You don't know, and neither does your daughter, where "
"these songs came from. But she copies these songs onto her computer. She "
"then takes her computer to college and connects it to a college network, and "
-"if the college network is \"cooperating\" with the RIAA's espionage, and she "
-"hasn't properly protected her content from the network (do you know how to "
-"do that yourself ?), then the RIAA will be able to identify your daughter as "
-"a \"criminal.\" And under the rules that universities are beginning to "
-"deploy,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> your daughter can lose the "
-"right to use the university's computer network. She can, in some cases, be "
-"expelled."
+"if the college network is <quote>cooperating</quote> with the RIAA's "
+"espionage, and she hasn't properly protected her content from the network "
+"(do you know how to do that yourself ?), then the RIAA will be able to "
+"identify your daughter as a <quote>criminal.</quote> And under the rules "
+"that universities are beginning to deploy,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/> your daughter can lose the right to use the university's computer "
+"network. She can, in some cases, be expelled."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"lawyer for her (at $300 per hour, if you're lucky), and she can plead that "
"she didn't know anything about the source of the songs or that they came "
"from Napster. And it may well be that the university believes her. But the "
-"university might not believe her. It might treat this \"contraband\" as "
-"presumptive of guilt. And as any number of college students have already "
-"learned, our presumptions about innocence disappear in the middle of wars of "
-"prohibition. This war is no different. Says von Lohmann, <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"university might not believe her. It might treat this <quote>contraband</"
+"quote> as presumptive of guilt. And as any number of college students have "
+"already learned, our presumptions about innocence disappear in the middle of "
+"wars of prohibition. This war is no different. Says von Lohmann, "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"nå, selvfølgelig, hun vil ha rett til å forsvare seg selv. Du kan leie en "
"advokat for henne (på $300 per time, hvis du er heldig), og hun kan erkjenne "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered \"criminals\" under the "
-"law, and when the law could achieve the same objective— securing "
-"rights to authors—without these millions being considered \"criminals,"
-"\" who is the villain? Americans or the law? Which is American, a constant "
-"war on our own people or a concerted effort through our democracy to change "
-"our law?"
+"When forty to sixty million Americans are considered <quote>criminals</"
+"quote> under the law, and when the law could achieve the same "
+"objective— securing rights to authors—without these millions "
+"being considered <quote>criminals,</quote> who is the villain? Americans or "
+"the law? Which is American, a constant war on our own people or a concerted "
+"effort through our democracy to change our law?"
msgstr ""
"Når førti til seksti millioner amerikanere anses \"kriminelle\" under loven, "
"og når loven kan oppnå det samme målet—sikre rettighetene til "
"domain works. Eldred's is just one example. There are literally thousands of "
"others. Hundreds of thousands from across the world have discovered this "
"platform of expression and now use it to share works that are, by law, free "
-"for the taking. This has produced what we might call the \"noncommercial "
-"publishing industry,\" which before the Internet was limited to people with "
-"large egos or with political or social causes. But with the Internet, it "
-"includes a wide range of individuals and groups dedicated to spreading "
-"culture generally.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"for the taking. This has produced what we might call the "
+"<quote>noncommercial publishing industry,</quote> which before the Internet "
+"was limited to people with large egos or with political or social causes. "
+"But with the Internet, it includes a wide range of individuals and groups "
+"dedicated to spreading culture generally.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The full text is: \"Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright protection to "
-"last forever. I am informed by staff that such a change would violate the "
-"Constitution. I invite all of you to work with me to strengthen our "
-"copyright laws in all of the ways available to us. As you know, there is "
+"The full text is: <quote>Sonny [Bono] wanted the term of copyright "
+"protection to last forever. I am informed by staff that such a change would "
+"violate the Constitution. I invite all of you to work with me to strengthen "
+"our copyright laws in all of the ways available to us. As you know, there is "
"also Jack Valenti's proposal for a term to last forever less one day. "
-"Perhaps the Committee may look at that next Congress,\" 144 Cong. Rec. "
+"Perhaps the Committee may look at that next Congress,</quote> 144 Cong. Rec. "
"H9946, 9951-2 (October 7, 1998)."
msgstr ""
"hele teksten er: \"sonny [bono] ønsket av opphavsrettslig vern til å vare "
msgid ""
"This was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), enacted in "
"memory of the congressman and former musician Sonny Bono, who, his widow, "
-"Mary Bono, says, believed that \"copyrights should be forever.\"<placeholder "
-"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"Mary Bono, says, believed that <quote>copyrights should be forever.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"As I've described, this clause is unique within the power-granting clause of "
"Article I, section 8 of our Constitution. Every other clause granting power "
"to Congress simply says Congress has the power to do something—for "
-"example, to regulate \"commerce among the several states\" or \"declare War."
-"\" But here, the \"something\" is something quite specific—to "
-"\"promote … Progress\"—through means that are also "
-"specific— by \"securing\" \"exclusive Rights\" (i.e., copyrights) "
-"\"for limited Times.\""
+"example, to regulate <quote>commerce among the several states</quote> or "
+"<quote>declare War.</quote> But here, the <quote>something</quote> is "
+"something quite specific—to <quote>promote … Progress</"
+"quote>—through means that are also specific— by <quote>securing</"
+"quote> <quote>exclusive Rights</quote> (i.e., copyrights) <quote>for limited "
+"Times.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"som jeg har beskrevet, denne bestemmelsen er unikt innenfor strøm-granting-"
"setningsdel i artikkelen i, Seksjon 8 av vår grunnlov. hver andre "
"In the past forty years, Congress has gotten into the practice of extending "
"existing terms of copyright protection. What puzzled me about this was, if "
"Congress has the power to extend existing terms, then the Constitution's "
-"requirement that terms be \"limited\" will have no practical effect. If "
-"every time a copyright is about to expire, Congress has the power to extend "
-"its term, then Congress can achieve what the Constitution plainly "
-"forbids—perpetual terms \"on the installment plan,\" as Professor "
-"Peter Jaszi so nicely put it. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"requirement that terms be <quote>limited</quote> will have no practical "
+"effect. If every time a copyright is about to expire, Congress has the power "
+"to extend its term, then Congress can achieve what the Constitution plainly "
+"forbids—perpetual terms <quote>on the installment plan,</quote> as "
+"Professor Peter Jaszi so nicely put it. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"i de siste 40 årene, har Kongressen fått i praksis for å utvide eksisterende "
"vilkår for opphavsrettslig vern. Hva rådvill meg om dette var, hvis "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this is the core of the corruption in our present system of government. "
-"\"Corruption\" not in the sense that representatives are bribed. Rather, "
-"\"corruption\" in the sense that the system induces the beneficiaries of "
-"Congress's acts to raise and give money to Congress to induce it to act. "
-"There's only so much time; there's only so much Congress can do. Why not "
-"limit its actions to those things it must do—and those things that "
-"pay? Extending copyright terms pays."
+"<quote>Corruption</quote> not in the sense that representatives are bribed. "
+"Rather, <quote>corruption</quote> in the sense that the system induces the "
+"beneficiaries of Congress's acts to raise and give money to Congress to "
+"induce it to act. There's only so much time; there's only so much Congress "
+"can do. Why not limit its actions to those things it must do—and those "
+"things that pay? Extending copyright terms pays."
msgstr ""
"for dette er kjernen i korrupsjon i vår nåværende system av regjeringen. "
"\"ødelagt\" ikke i den forstand at representanter er bribed. snarere "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Next year,\" the adviser announces, \"our copyrights in works A, B, and C "
-"will expire. That means that after next year, we will no longer be receiving "
-"the annual royalty check of $100,000 from the publishers of those works."
+"<quote>Next year,</quote> the adviser announces, <quote>our copyrights in "
+"works A, B, and C will expire. That means that after next year, we will no "
+"longer be receiving the annual royalty check of $100,000 from the publishers "
+"of those works.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"neste år,\" rådgiver kunngjør, \"våre opphavsrett i works a, b og c vil "
"utløpe. Det betyr at etter neste år, vi vil ikke lenger motta årlige royalty "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"There's a proposal in Congress, however,\" she continues, \"that could "
-"change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to extend the terms of "
-"copyright by twenty years. That bill would be extraordinarily valuable to "
-"us. So we should hope this bill passes.\""
+"<quote>There's a proposal in Congress, however,</quote> she continues, "
+"<quote>that could change this. A few congressmen are floating a bill to "
+"extend the terms of copyright by twenty years. That bill would be "
+"extraordinarily valuable to us. So we should hope this bill passes.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"det er et forslag i Kongressen, men,\" hun fortsetter, \"som kan endre "
"dette. noen congressmen flyter en regning å utvide vilkårene i copyright ved "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Hope?\" a fellow board member says. \"Can't we be doing something about it?"
-"\""
+"<quote>Hope?</quote> a fellow board member says. <quote>Can't we be doing "
+"something about it?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"håper?\" styremedlem stipendiat sier. \"kan ikke vi gjøre noe med det?\""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Well, obviously, yes,\" the adviser responds. \"We could contribute to the "
-"campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure that they support "
-"the bill.\""
+"<quote>Well, obviously, yes,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>We could "
+"contribute to the campaigns of a number of representatives to try to assure "
+"that they support the bill.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"Vel, tydeligvis ja,\" rådgiver svarer. \"vi kunne bidra til kampanjene av "
"en rekke representanter å prøve å sikre at de støtter regningen.\""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You hate politics. You hate contributing to campaigns. So you want to know "
-"whether this disgusting practice is worth it. \"How much would we get if "
-"this extension were passed?\" you ask the adviser. \"How much is it worth?\""
+"whether this disgusting practice is worth it. <quote>How much would we get "
+"if this extension were passed?</quote> you ask the adviser. <quote>How much "
+"is it worth?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"du hater politikk. du hater at bidra til kampanjer. så du ønsker å vite om "
"denne motbydelig praksis er verdt det. \"hvor mye ville vi få Hvis denne "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Well,\" the adviser says, \"if you're confident that you will continue to "
-"get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you use the "
-"`discount rate' that we use to evaluate estate investments (6 percent), then "
-"this law would be worth $1,146,000 to the estate.\""
+"<quote>Well,</quote> the adviser says, <quote>if you're confident that you "
+"will continue to get at least $100,000 a year from these copyrights, and you "
+"use the `discount rate' that we use to evaluate estate investments (6 "
+"percent), then this law would be worth $1,146,000 to the estate.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"Vel,\" rådgiver sier, \"Hvis du er sikker på at du vil fortsette å få "
"minst $100.000 i året fra disse opphavsrett, og du bruker 'diskontosats' som "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than $1,000,000 "
-"in campaign contributions if we were confident those contributions would "
-"assure that the bill was passed?\""
+"<quote>So you're saying it would be worth it for us to pay more than "
+"$1,000,000 in campaign contributions if we were confident those "
+"contributions would assure that the bill was passed?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"så du sier det ville være verdt det for oss å betale mer enn $1,000,000 i "
"kampanjen bidrag om vi var sikker på disse bidragene vil forsikre at "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"Absolutely,\" the adviser responds. \"It is worth it to you to contribute "
-"up to the `present value' of the income you expect from these copyrights. "
-"Which for us means over $1,000,000.\""
+"<quote>Absolutely,</quote> the adviser responds. <quote>It is worth it to "
+"you to contribute up to the `present value' of the income you expect from "
+"these copyrights. Which for us means over $1,000,000.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"absolutt\", svarer rådgiver. \"det er verdt det for deg å bidra med opp "
"til stede verdien av inntekten du forventer fra disse opphavsrettigheter. "
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
+"Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgstr ""
-"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
+"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</ulink>."
+"See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,</"
+"quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
+"ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
+"Se Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age</quote>, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
"ulink>."
#. f5.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8. august 1990, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</"
"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"In the lobbying that led to the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term "
-"Extension Act, this \"theory\" about incentives was proved real. Ten of the "
-"thirteen original sponsors of the act in the House received the maximum "
-"contribution from Disney's political action committee; in the Senate, eight "
-"of the twelve sponsors received contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> The RIAA and the MPAA are estimated to have spent over $1.5 "
-"million lobbying in the 1998 election cycle. They paid out more than "
-"$200,000 in campaign contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"Disney is estimated to have contributed more than $800,000 to reelection "
-"campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"Extension Act, this <quote>theory</quote> about incentives was proved real. "
+"Ten of the thirteen original sponsors of the act in the House received the "
+"maximum contribution from Disney's political action committee; in the "
+"Senate, eight of the twelve sponsors received contributions.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The RIAA and the MPAA are estimated to have "
+"spent over $1.5 million lobbying in the 1998 election cycle. They paid out "
+"more than $200,000 in campaign contributions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Disney is estimated to have contributed more than $800,000 to "
+"
reelection campaigns in the cycle.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"thinking. In my view, a pragmatic court committed to interpreting and "
"applying the Constitution of our framers would see that if Congress has the "
"power to extend existing terms, then there would be no effective "
-"constitutional requirement that terms be \"limited.\" If they could extend "
-"it once, they would extend it again and again and again."
+"constitutional requirement that terms be <quote>limited.</quote> If they "
+"could extend it once, they would extend it again and again and again."
msgstr ""
"konstitusjonelle loven er ikke oblivious til det åpenbare. eller i det "
"minste, det trenger ikke være. så når jeg var vurderer eldred's klage, denne "
msgid ""
"Since 1937, the Supreme Court had interpreted Congress's granted powers very "
"broadly; so, while the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate "
-"only \"commerce among the several states\" (aka \"interstate commerce\"), "
-"the Supreme Court had interpreted that power to include the power to "
-"regulate any activity that merely affected interstate commerce."
+"only <quote>commerce among the several states</quote> (aka <quote>interstate "
+"commerce</quote>), the Supreme Court had interpreted that power to include "
+"the power to regulate any activity that merely affected interstate commerce."
msgstr ""
"siden 1937, hadde Høyesterett tolket congress's gitt krefter svært bredt; så "
"mens Grunnloven gir Kongressen makt til å regulere bare \"handel mellom "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"\"We pause to consider the implications of the government's arguments,\" the "
-"Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If anything "
-"Congress says is interstate commerce must therefore be considered interstate "
-"commerce, then there would be no limit to Congress's power. The decision in "
-"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> was reaffirmed five years later in "
+"<quote>We pause to consider the implications of the government's arguments,</"
+"quote> the Chief Justice wrote.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If "
+"anything Congress says is interstate commerce must therefore be considered "
+"interstate commerce, then there would be no limit to Congress's power. The "
+"decision in <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> was reaffirmed five years later in "
"<citetitle>United States</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Morrison</citetitle>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"limitation to interstate commerce notwithstanding. The same point is true in "
"the context of the Copyright Clause. Here, too, the government's "
"interpretation would allow the government unending power to regulate "
-"copyrights—the limitation to \"limited times\" notwithstanding."
+"copyrights—the limitation to <quote>limited times</quote> "
+"notwithstanding."
msgstr ""
"Hvis det er et prinsipp om nummerert kreftene, deretter bærer prinsippet fra "
"en nummerert power til en annen. animert poenget i konteksten av handel-"
"Clause as much as the Commerce Clause.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> And if it is applied to the Progress Clause, the principle should "
"yield the conclusion that Congress can't extend an existing term. If "
-"Congress could extend an existing term, then there would be no \"stopping "
-"point\" to Congress's power over terms, though the Constitution expressly "
-"states that there is such a limit. Thus, the same principle applied to the "
-"power to grant copyrights should entail that Congress is not allowed to "
-"extend the term of existing copyrights."
+"Congress could extend an existing term, then there would be no "
+"<quote>stopping point</quote> to Congress's power over terms, though the "
+"Constitution expressly states that there is such a limit. Thus, the same "
+"principle applied to the power to grant copyrights should entail that "
+"Congress is not allowed to extend the term of existing copyrights."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"conservative Supreme Court, which believed in states' rights, using its "
"power over Congress to advance its own personal political preferences. But I "
"rejected that view of the Supreme Court's decision. Indeed, shortly after "
-"the decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the \"fidelity\" in such an "
-"interpretation of the Constitution. The idea that the Supreme Court decides "
-"cases based upon its politics struck me as extraordinarily boring. I was "
-"not going to devote my life to teaching constitutional law if these nine "
-"Justices were going to be petty politicians."
+"the decision, I wrote an article demonstrating the <quote>fidelity</quote> "
+"in such an interpretation of the Constitution. The idea that the Supreme "
+"Court decides cases based upon its politics struck me as extraordinarily "
+"boring. I was not going to devote my life to teaching constitutional law if "
+"these nine Justices were going to be petty politicians."
msgstr ""
"Hvis, det vil si at prinsippet annonsert i lopez stod for et prinsipp. mange "
"trodde beslutningen i lopez stod for politikk—en konservativ "
msgid ""
"Some people view the public domain with contempt. In their brief before the "
"Supreme Court, the Nashville Songwriters Association wrote that the public "
-"domain is nothing more than \"legal piracy.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> But it is not piracy when the law allows it; and in our "
-"constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the "
+"domain is nothing more than <quote>legal piracy.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it is not piracy when the law allows it; and in "
+"our constitutional system, our law requires it. Some may not like the "
"Constitution's requirements, but that doesn't make the Constitution a "
"pirate's charter. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is valuable copyrights that are responsible for terms being extended. "
-"Mickey Mouse and \"Rhapsody in Blue.\" These works are too valuable for "
-"copyright owners to ignore. But the real harm to our society from copyright "
-"extensions is not that Mickey Mouse remains Disney's. Forget Mickey Mouse. "
-"Forget Robert Frost. Forget all the works from the 1920s and 1930s that have "
-"continuing commercial value. The real harm of term extension comes not from "
-"these famous works. The real harm is to the works that are not famous, not "
-"commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result."
+"Mickey Mouse and <quote>Rhapsody in Blue.</quote> These works are too "
+"valuable for copyright owners to ignore. But the real harm to our society "
+"from copyright extensions is not that Mickey Mouse remains Disney's. Forget "
+"Mickey Mouse. Forget Robert Frost. Forget all the works from the 1920s and "
+"1930s that have continuing commercial value. The real harm of term extension "
+"comes not from these famous works. The real harm is to the works that are "
+"not famous, not commercially exploited, and no longer available as a result."
msgstr ""
"Det er verdifull opphavsrett som er ansvarlig for vilkårene blir utvidet. "
"Mikke Mus og \"rhapsody in blue.\" disse verkene er også nyttig for eiere av "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,\" the apologists "
-"for the system respond. \"Why should there be a list of copyright owners?\""
+"<quote>But there isn't a list of who owns property generally,</quote> the "
+"apologists for the system respond. <quote>Why should there be a list of "
+"copyright owners?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"\"men det er ikke en liste av hvem som eier egenskapen vanligvis\" "
"apologists for systemet svarer. \"Hvorfor skulle det være en liste over "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"See David G. Savage, \"High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,\" "
-"<citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David Streitfeld, "
-"\"Classic Movies, Songs, Books at Stake; Supreme Court Hears Arguments Today "
-"on Striking Down Copyright Extension,\" <citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</"
-"citetitle>, 9 October 2002."
+"See David G. Savage, <quote>High Court Scene of Showdown on Copyright Law,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Los Angeles Times</citetitle>, 6 October 2002; David "
+"Streitfeld, <quote>Classic Movies, Songs, Books at Stake; Supreme Court "
+"Hears Arguments Today on Striking Down Copyright Extension,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Orlando Sentinel Tribune</citetitle>, 9 October 2002."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du vil se david g. savage, \"high court scene av showdown på lov om "
"opphavsrett\" los angeles times, 6 oktober 2002; David streitfeld, "
"citetitle>, is currently out of copyright. But for the CTEA, films made "
"after 1923 would have begun entering the public domain. Because Agee "
"controls the exclusive rights for these popular films, he makes a great deal "
-"of money. According to one estimate, \"Roach has sold about 60,000 "
-"videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's silent films.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"of money. According to one estimate, <quote>Roach has sold about 60,000 "
+"videocassettes and 50,000 DVDs of the duo's silent films.</"
+"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
+"\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
-"copyright owner when she shows up?\" Sure, if you want to commit a felony. "
-"And even if you're not worried about committing a felony, when she does show "
-"up, she'll have the right to sue you for all the profits you have made. So, "
-"if you're successful, you can be fairly confident you'll be getting a call "
-"from someone's lawyer. And if you're not successful, you won't make enough "
-"to cover the costs of your own lawyer. Either way, you have to talk to a "
-"lawyer. And as is too often the case, saying you have to talk to a lawyer is "
-"the same as saying you won't make any money."
+"<quote>But can't you just restore the film, distribute it, and then pay the "
+"copyright owner when she shows up?</quote> Sure, if you want to commit a "
+"felony. And even if you're not worried about committing a felony, when she "
+"does show up, she'll have the right to sue you for all the profits you have "
+"made. So, if you're successful, you can be fairly confident you'll be "
+"getting a call from someone's lawyer. And if you're not successful, you "
+"won't make enough to cover the costs of your own lawyer. Either way, you "
+"have to talk to a lawyer. And as is too often the case, saying you have to "
+"talk to a lawyer is the same as saying you won't make any money."
msgstr ""
"\"men ikke kan du bare gjenopprette filmen, distribuere den, og deretter "
"betale eieren av opphavsretten når hun viser?\" sikker, hvis du vil utføre "
"continuing commercial value. For that tiny fraction, the copyright is a "
"crucially important legal device. For that tiny fraction, the copyright "
"creates incentives to produce and distribute the creative work. For that "
-"tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an \"engine of free expression.\""
+"tiny fraction, the copyright acts as an <quote>engine of free expression.</"
+"quote>"
msgstr ""
"av alle kreative arbeidet produsert av mennesker overalt, har en liten "
"brøkdel fortsetter kommersiell verdi. for at liten brøkdel er opphavsretten "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"You may well ask, \"But if digital technologies lower the costs for Brewster "
-"Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too. So won't "
-"Random House do as well as Brewster Kahle in spreading culture widely?\""
+"You may well ask, <quote>But if digital technologies lower the costs for "
+"Brewster Kahle, then they will lower the costs for Random House, too. So "
+"won't Random House do as well as Brewster Kahle in spreading culture widely?"
+"</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Du kan også spørre, \"men hvis digital teknologi lavere kostnader for "
"brewster kahle, deretter de vil lavere kostnader for random house, også. så "
"publishers would be as complete as libraries. If Barnes & Noble offered "
"to lend books from its stores for a low price, would that eliminate the need "
"for libraries? Only if you think that the only role of a library is to serve "
-"what \"the market\" would demand. But if you think the role of a library is "
-"bigger than this—if you think its role is to archive culture, whether "
-"there's a demand for any particular bit of that culture or not—then we "
-"can't count on the commercial market to do our library work for us."
+"what <quote>the market</quote> would demand. But if you think the role of a "
+"library is bigger than this—if you think its role is to archive "
+"culture, whether there's a demand for any particular bit of that culture or "
+"not—then we can't count on the commercial market to do our library "
+"work for us."
msgstr ""
"kanskje. en dag. men det er absolutt ingen bevis som tyder på at utgivere "
"ville være så fullstendig som biblioteker. Hvis barnes & noble tilbudt å "
#. f13.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
-"December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
+"
20 December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
+"Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory</quote>, 20 "
"December 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
"district court in Washington, D.C., asking the court to declare the Sonny "
"Bono Copyright Term Extension Act unconstitutional. The two central claims "
"that we made were (1) that extending existing terms violated the "
-"Constitution's \"limited Times\" requirement, and (2) that extending terms "
-"by another twenty years violated the First Amendment."
+"Constitution's <quote>limited Times</quote> requirement, and (2) that "
+"extending terms by another twenty years violated the First Amendment."
msgstr ""
"i januar 1999 anlagt vi en sak på eric eldred vegne i federal district court "
"i washington, DC, spør domstolen å erklære sonny bono opphavsrett begrepet "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Judge David Sentelle said the CTEA violated the requirement that copyrights "
-"be for \"limited Times\" only. His argument was as elegant as it was simple: "
-"If Congress can extend existing terms, then there is no \"stopping point\" "
-"to Congress's power under the Copyright Clause. The power to extend existing "
-"terms means Congress is not required to grant terms that are \"limited.\" "
-"Thus, Judge Sentelle argued, the court had to interpret the term \"limited "
-"Times\" to give it meaning. And the best interpretation, Judge Sentelle "
-"argued, would be to deny Congress the power to extend existing terms."
+"be for <quote>limited Times</quote> only. His argument was as elegant as it "
+"was simple: If Congress can extend existing terms, then there is no "
+"<quote>stopping point</quote> to Congress's power under the Copyright "
+"Clause. The power to extend existing terms means Congress is not required to "
+"grant terms that are <quote>limited.</quote> Thus, Judge Sentelle argued, "
+"the court had to interpret the term <quote>limited Times</quote> to give it "
+"meaning. And the best interpretation, Judge Sentelle argued, would be to "
+"deny Congress the power to extend existing terms."
msgstr ""
"dommer david sentelle sa ctea brutt kravet opphavsrett være for \"begrenset "
"ganger\" bare. hans argument var like elegant som den var enkel: Hvis "
"We asked the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit as a whole to hear the "
"case. Cases are ordinarily heard in panels of three, except for important "
"cases or cases that raise issues specific to the circuit as a whole, where "
-"the court will sit \"en banc\" to hear the case."
+"the court will sit <quote>en banc</quote> to hear the case."
msgstr ""
"vi spurte court of appeals for DC-kretsen som helhet å høre tilfelle. "
"tilfeller er vanligvis hørt i paneler med tre, med unntak av viktige saker "
"the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite involved. "
"Bromberg and Ayer in particular had a common view about how this case would "
"be won: We would only win, they repeatedly told me, if we could make the "
-"issue seem \"important\" to the Supreme Court. It had to seem as if dramatic "
-"harm were being done to free speech and free culture; otherwise, they would "
-"never vote against \"the most powerful media companies in the world.\""
+"issue seem <quote>important</quote> to the Supreme Court. It had to seem as "
+"if dramatic harm were being done to free speech and free culture; otherwise, "
+"they would never vote against <quote>the most powerful media companies in "
+"the world.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Det var tre viktige advokater på saken fra Jones DaY. Geoff Stewart var den "
"først, men siden ble Dan Bromberg og Don Ayer ganske involvert. Bromberg og "
"Ayer spesielt hadde en felles oppfatning om hvordan denne saken ville bli "
"vunnet: vi ville bare vinne, fortalte de gjentatte ganger til meg, hvis vi "
-"få problemet til å virke \"viktig\" for Høyesterett. Det måtte synes som om "
+"få problemet til å virke <quote>viktig</quote> for Høyesterett. Det måtte synes som om "
"dramatisk skade ble gjort til ytringsfriheten og fri kultur, ellers ville de "
-"aldri stemt mot \"de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden\"."
+"aldri stemt mot <quote>de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
"I hate this view of the law. Of course I thought the Sonny Bono Act was a "
"dramatic harm to free speech and free culture. Of course I still think it "
"is. But the idea that the Supreme Court decides the law based on how "
-"important they believe the issues are is just wrong. It might be \"right\" "
-"as in \"true,\" I thought, but it is \"wrong\" as in \"it just shouldn't be "
-"that way.\" As I believed that any faithful interpretation of what the "
-"framers of our Constitution did would yield the conclusion that the CTEA was "
+"important they believe the issues are is just wrong. It might be "
+"<quote>right</quote> as in <quote>true,</quote> I thought, but it is "
+"<quote>wrong</quote> as in <quote>it just shouldn't be that way.</quote> As "
+"I believed that any faithful interpretation of what the framers of our "
+"Constitution did would yield the conclusion that the CTEA was "
"unconstitutional, and as I believed that any faithful interpretation of what "
"the First Amendment means would yield the conclusion that the power to "
"extend existing copyright terms is unconstitutional, I was not persuaded "
"Eagle Forum, had been an opponent of the CTEA from the very beginning. Mrs. "
"Schlafly viewed the CTEA as a sellout by Congress. In November 1998, she "
"wrote a stinging editorial attacking the Republican Congress for allowing "
-"the law to pass. As she wrote, \"Do you sometimes wonder why bills that "
+"the law to pass. As she wrote, <quote>Do you sometimes wonder why bills that "
"create a financial windfall to narrow special interests slide easily through "
"the intricate legislative process, while bills that benefit the general "
-"public seem to get bogged down?\" The answer, as the editorial documented, "
-"was the power of money. Schlafly enumerated Disney's contributions to the "
-"key players on the committees. It was money, not justice, that gave Mickey "
-"Mouse twenty more years in Disney's control, Schlafly argued. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"public seem to get bogged down?</quote> The answer, as the editorial "
+"documented, was the power of money. Schlafly enumerated Disney's "
+"contributions to the key players on the committees. It was money, not "
+"justice, that gave Mickey Mouse twenty more years in Disney's control, "
+"Schlafly argued. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
+"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"det første trinnet skjedde alt av seg selv. Phyllis schlafly organisasjon, "
"eagle forum, hadde vært motstander av ctea fra begynnelsen. Mrs. schlafly "
"Nobel winners demonstrates, spanned the political spectrum. Their "
"conclusions were powerful: There was no plausible claim that extending the "
"terms of existing copyrights would do anything to increase incentives to "
-"create. Such extensions were nothing more than \"rent-seeking\"—the "
-"fancy term economists use to describe special-interest legislation gone wild."
+"create. Such extensions were nothing more than <quote>rent-seeking</"
+"quote>—the fancy term economists use to describe special-interest "
+"legislation gone wild."
msgstr ""
"Denne økonomer kort ble signert av sytten økonomer, inkludert fem "
"Nobelprisen vinnerne, inkludert ronald Coases, james buchanan, milton "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of friends, as "
-"well. Significantly, however, none of these \"friends\" included historians "
-"or economists. The briefs on the other side of the case were written "
-"exclusively by major media companies, congressmen, and copyright holders."
+"well. Significantly, however, none of these <quote>friends</quote> included "
+"historians or economists. The briefs on the other side of the case were "
+"written exclusively by major media companies, congressmen, and copyright "
+"holders."
msgstr ""
"regjeringen, i å forsvare statutten, hadde sin samling av venner, også. "
"betydelig, men ingen av disse \"vennene\" inkludert historikere eller "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Dinitia Smith, \"Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse Joins "
-"the Fray,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March 1998, B7."
+"Dinitia Smith, <quote>Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey Mouse "
+"Joins the Fray,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 28 March "
+"1998, B7."
msgstr ""
"dinitia smith, \"udødelig ord, udødelig royalties? selv Mikke Mus tiltrer "
"fray,\"new york times, 28 mars 1998, b7."
"Dr. Seuss's representatives, for example, argued that it was better for the "
"Dr. Seuss estate to control what happened to Dr. Seuss's work— better "
"than allowing it to fall into the public domain—because if this "
-"creativity were in the public domain, then people could use it to \"glorify "
-"drugs or to create pornography.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"That was also the motive of the Gershwin estate, which defended its "
-"\"protection\" of the work of George Gershwin. They refuse, for example, to "
-"license <citetitle>Porgy and Bess</citetitle> to anyone who refuses to use "
-"African Americans in the cast.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
-"That's their view of how this part of American culture should be controlled, "
-"and they wanted this law to help them effect that control. <placeholder "
-"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
+"creativity were in the public domain, then people could use it to "
+"<quote>glorify drugs or to create pornography.</quote><placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That was also the motive of the Gershwin estate, "
+"which defended its <quote>protection</quote> of the work of George Gershwin. "
+"They refuse, for example, to license <citetitle>Porgy and Bess</citetitle> "
+"to anyone who refuses to use African Americans in the cast.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That's their view of how this part of American "
+"culture should be controlled, and they wanted this law to help them effect "
+"that control. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"When Congress decides to extend the term of existing copyrights, Congress is "
"making a choice about which speakers it will favor. Famous and beloved "
"copyright owners, such as the Gershwin estate and Dr. Seuss, come to "
-"Congress and say, \"Give us twenty years to control the speech about these "
-"icons of American culture. We'll do better with them than anyone else.\" "
-"Congress of course likes to reward the popular and famous by giving them "
-"what they want. But when Congress gives people an exclusive right to speak "
-"in a certain way, that's just what the First Amendment is traditionally "
-"meant to block."
+"Congress and say, <quote>Give us twenty years to control the speech about "
+"these icons of American culture. We'll do better with them than anyone else."
+"</quote> Congress of course likes to reward the popular and famous by giving "
+"them what they want. But when Congress gives people an exclusive right to "
+"speak in a certain way, that's just what the First Amendment is "
+"traditionally meant to block."
msgstr ""
"Dette argumentet gjort klart et tema som er sjelden merke i denne debatten. "
"Når Kongressen beslutter å forlenge eksisterende opphavsrettigheter, gjør "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"The Supreme Court was divided into two important camps. One camp we called "
-"\"the Conservatives.\" The other we called \"the Rest.\" The Conservatives "
-"included Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O'Connor, Justice Scalia, Justice "
-"Kennedy, and Justice Thomas. These five had been the most consistent in "
-"limiting Congress's power. They were the five who had supported the "
-"<citetitle>Lopez/Morrison</citetitle> line of cases that said that an "
-"enumerated power had to be interpreted to assure that Congress's powers had "
-"limits."
+"<quote>the Conservatives.</quote> The other we called <quote>the Rest.</"
+"quote> The Conservatives included Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice O'Connor, "
+"Justice Scalia, Justice Kennedy, and Justice Thomas. These five had been the "
+"most consistent in limiting Congress's power. They were the five who had "
+"supported the <citetitle>Lopez/Morrison</citetitle> line of cases that said "
+"that an enumerated power had to be interpreted to assure that Congress's "
+"powers had limits."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This analysis of \"the Rest\" showed most clearly where our focus had to be: "
-"on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open these five and "
-"get at least a majority to go our way. Thus, the single overriding argument "
-"that animated our claim rested on the Conservatives' most important "
-"jurisprudential innovation—the argument that Judge Sentelle had relied "
-"upon in the Court of Appeals, that Congress's power must be interpreted so "
-"that its enumerated powers have limits."
+"This analysis of <quote>the Rest</quote> showed most clearly where our focus "
+"had to be: on the Conservatives. To win this case, we had to crack open "
+"these five and get at least a majority to go our way. Thus, the single "
+"overriding argument that animated our claim rested on the Conservatives' "
+"most important jurisprudential innovation—the argument that Judge "
+"Sentelle had relied upon in the Court of Appeals, that Congress's power must "
+"be interpreted so that its enumerated powers have limits."
msgstr ""
"Denne analysen av \"resten\" viste mest tydelig der vårt fokus måtte være: "
"på høyre. for å vinne dette tilfellet, vi hadde å sprekk åpne disse fem og "
"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> case, under the government's argument here, "
"Congress would always have unlimited power to extend existing terms. If "
"anything was plain about Congress's power under the Progress Clause, it was "
-"that this power was supposed to be \"limited.\" Our aim would be to get the "
-"Court to reconcile <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> with <citetitle>Lopez</"
-"citetitle>: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was limited, then so, "
-"too, must Congress's power to regulate copyright be limited."
+"that this power was supposed to be <quote>limited.</quote> Our aim would be "
+"to get the Court to reconcile <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle> with "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle>: If Congress's power to regulate commerce was "
+"limited, then so, too, must Congress's power to regulate copyright be "
+"limited."
msgstr ""
"Dette var deretter kjernen i vår strategi—en strategi som jeg er "
"ansvarlig. Vi ville få retten å se at akkurat som du er med under "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"But this \"consistency\" should be kept in perspective. Congress extended "
-"existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic. It then "
-"extended existing terms once again in the next fifty. Those rare extensions "
-"are in contrast to the now regular practice of extending existing terms. "
-"Whatever restraint Congress had had in the past, that restraint was now "
-"gone. Congress was now in a cycle of extensions; there was no reason to "
+"But this <quote>consistency</quote> should be kept in perspective. Congress "
+"extended existing terms once in the first hundred years of the Republic. It "
+"then extended existing terms once again in the next fifty. Those rare "
+"extensions are in contrast to the now regular practice of extending existing "
+"terms. Whatever restraint Congress had had in the past, that restraint was "
+"now gone. Congress was now in a cycle of extensions; there was no reason to "
"expect that cycle would end. This Court had not hesitated to intervene where "
"Congress was in a similar cycle of extension. There was no reason it "
"couldn't intervene here. Oral argument was scheduled for the first week in "
"October. I arrived in D.C. two weeks before the argument. During those two "
-"weeks, I was repeatedly \"mooted\" by lawyers who had volunteered to help in "
-"the case. Such \"moots\" are basically practice rounds, where wannabe "
-"justices fire questions at wannabe winners."
+"weeks, I was repeatedly <quote>mooted</quote> by lawyers who had volunteered "
+"to help in the case. Such <quote>moots</quote> are basically practice "
+"rounds, where wannabe justices fire questions at wannabe winners."
msgstr ""
"men dette \"konsistens\" bør holdes i perspektiv. Kongressen utvidet "
"eksisterende vilkårene en gang i første hundre år av Republikken. det "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"\"I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
+"<quote>I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be "
"willing to upset this practice that the government says has been a "
"consistent practice for two hundred years. You have to make them see the "
"harm—passionately get them to see the harm. For if they don't see "
-"that, then we haven't any chance of winning.\""
+"that, then we haven't any chance of winning.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg er bare redd at med mindre de ser virkelig skade, de ikke vil være "
"villig til å opprørt denne praksis som regjeringen sier har vært en "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"She was quite willing to concede \"that this flies directly in the face of "
-"what the framers had in mind.\" But my response again and again was to "
-"emphasize limits on Congress's power."
+"She was quite willing to concede <quote>that this flies directly in the face "
+"of what the framers had in mind.</quote> But my response again and again was "
+"to emphasize limits on Congress's power."
msgstr ""
"Hun var ganske villig til å innrømme \"at dette flyr direkte i møte med hva "
"underskrev hadde i tankene.\", men mitt svar var igjen og igjen å "
"current term, a copyright gave an author 99.8 percent of the value of a "
"perpetual term. Breyer said we were wrong, that the actual number was "
"99.9997 percent of a perpetual term. Either way, the point was clear: If the "
-"Constitution said a term had to be \"limited,\" and the existing term was so "
-"long as to be effectively unlimited, then it was unconstitutional."
+"Constitution said a term had to be <quote>limited,</quote> and the existing "
+"term was so long as to be effectively unlimited, then it was "
+"unconstitutional."
msgstr ""
"rettferdighet breyer oppfatning, kanskje den beste mening han noensinne har "
"skrevet, var eksterne for Grunnloven. Han hevdet at begrepet av "
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"It was first anger with the five \"Conservatives.\" It would have been one "
-"thing for them to have explained why the principle of <citetitle>Lopez</"
-"citetitle> didn't apply in this case. That wouldn't have been a very "
-"convincing argument, I don't believe, having read it made by others, and "
-"having tried to make it myself. But it at least would have been an act of "
-"integrity. These justices in particular have repeatedly said that the "
-"proper mode of interpreting the Constitution is \"originalism\"—to "
-"first understand the framers' text, interpreted in their context, in light "
-"of the structure of the Constitution. That method had produced "
-"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> and many other \"originalist\" rulings. Where "
-"was their \"originalism\" now?"
+"It was first anger with the five <quote>Conservatives.</quote> It would have "
+"been one thing for them to have explained why the principle of "
+"<citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> didn't apply in this case. That wouldn't have "
+"been a very convincing argument, I don't believe, having read it made by "
+"others, and having tried to make it myself. But it at least would have been "
+"an act of integrity. These justices in particular have repeatedly said that "
+"the proper mode of interpreting the Constitution is <quote>originalism</"
+"quote>—to first understand the framers' text, interpreted in their "
+"context, in light of the structure of the Constitution. That method had "
+"produced <citetitle>Lopez</citetitle> and many other <quote>originalist</"
+"quote> rulings. Where was their <quote>originalism</quote> now?"
msgstr ""
"Det var første sinne på fem \"konservative.\" det ville ha vært en ting for "
"dem å har forklart hvorfor prinsippet om lopez ikke bruk i dette tilfellet. "
"And even if I couldn't, then that doesn't excuse what happened in January. "
"For at the start of this case, one of America's leading intellectual "
"property professors stated publicly that my bringing this case was a "
-"mistake. \"The Court is not ready,\" Peter Jaszi said; this issue should not "
-"be raised until it is. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"mistake. <quote>The Court is not ready,</quote> Peter Jaszi said; this issue "
+"
should not be raised until it is. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"og selv om jeg ikke kunne, deretter som unnskylde ikke hva som skjedde i "
"januar. for ved starten av dette tilfellet uttalt en av Amerikas ledende "
"The best responses were in the cartoons. There was a gaggle of hilarious "
"images—of Mickey in jail and the like. The best, from my view of the "
"case, was Ruben Bolling's, reproduced on the next page (<xref linkend="
-"\"fig-18\"/>). The \"powerful and wealthy\" line is a bit unfair. But the "
-"punch in the face felt exactly like that. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"0\"/>"
+"\"fig-18\"/>). The <quote>powerful and wealthy</quote> line is a bit unfair. "
+"But the punch in the face felt exactly like that. <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"de beste svarene var i tegneserier. Det var en gaggle av morsom bilder—"
"av mickey i fengsel og lignende. best, fra min mening i saken, var ruben "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The image that will always stick in my head is that evoked by the quote from "
-"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That \"grand experiment\" we call "
-"the \"public domain\" is over? When I can make light of it, I think, "
-"\"Honey, I shrunk the Constitution.\" But I can rarely make light of it. We "
-"had in our Constitution a commitment to free culture. In the case that I "
-"fathered, the Supreme Court effectively renounced that commitment. A better "
-"lawyer would have made them see differently."
+"<citetitle>The New York Times</citetitle>. That <quote>grand experiment</"
+"quote> we call the <quote>public domain</quote> is over? When I can make "
+"light of it, I think, <quote>Honey, I shrunk the Constitution.</quote> But I "
+"can rarely make light of it. We had in our Constitution a commitment to free "
+"culture. In the case that I fathered, the Supreme Court effectively "
+"renounced that commitment. A better lawyer would have made them see "
+"differently."
msgstr ""
"bildet som vil alltid holde i hodet mitt er som utløste ved sitat fra new "
"york times. at \"store eksperimentet\" vi kaller \"public domain\" er over? "
"It was an act of contrition. During the whole of the flight from San "
"Francisco to Washington, I had heard over and over again in my head the same "
"advice from Don Ayer: You need to make them see why it is important. And "
-"alternating with that command was the question of Justice Kennedy: \"For all "
-"these years the act has impeded progress in science and the useful arts. I "
-"just don't see any empirical evidence for that.\" And so, having failed in "
-"the argument of constitutional principle, finally, I turned to an argument "
-"of politics."
+"alternating with that command was the question of Justice Kennedy: "
+"<quote>For all these years the act has impeded progress in science and the "
+"useful arts. I just don't see any empirical evidence for that.</quote> And "
+"so, having failed in the argument of constitutional principle, finally, I "
+"turned to an argument of politics."
msgstr ""
"Det var en handling av contrition. under hele flyturen fra san francisco til "
"washington, jeg hadde hørt om og om igjen i hodet mitt samme råd fra don "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or another two names. For depending upon your perspective, this is either "
-"the \"Public Domain Enhancement Act\" or the \"Copyright Term Deregulation "
-"Act.\" Either way, the essence of the idea is clear and obvious: Remove "
-"copyright where it is doing nothing except blocking access and the spread of "
-"knowledge. Leave it for as long as Congress allows for those works where its "
-"worth is at least $1. But for everything else, let the content go."
+"the <quote>Public Domain Enhancement Act</quote> or the <quote>Copyright "
+"Term Deregulation Act.</quote> Either way, the essence of the idea is clear "
+"and obvious: Remove copyright where it is doing nothing except blocking "
+"access and the spread of knowledge. Leave it for as long as Congress allows "
+"for those works where its worth is at least $1. But for everything else, let "
+"the content go."
msgstr ""
"eller en annen to navn. for avhengig av ditt perspektiv, dette er enten "
"\"public domain forbedring act\" eller den \"copyright begrepet "
"legislation sometimes made protection depend upon compliance with "
"formalities such as registration, deposit, and affixation of notice of the "
"author's claim of copyright. However, starting with the 1908 act, every text "
-"of the Convention has provided that \"the enjoyment and the exercise\" of "
-"rights guaranteed by the Convention \"shall not be subject to any formality."
-"\" The prohibition against formalities is presently embodied in Article 5(2) "
-"of the Paris Text of the Berne Convention. Many countries continue to impose "
-"some form of deposit or registration requirement, albeit not as a condition "
-"of copyright. French law, for example, requires the deposit of copies of "
-"works in national repositories, principally the National Museum. Copies of "
-"books published in the United Kingdom must be deposited in the British "
-"Library. The German Copyright Act provides for a Registrar of Authors where "
-"the author's true name can be filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous "
-"works. Paul Goldstein, <citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, "
-"Cases and Materials</citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), "
-"153–54."
+"of the Convention has provided that <quote>the enjoyment and the exercise</"
+"quote> of rights guaranteed by the Convention <quote>shall not be subject to "
+"any formality.</quote> The prohibition against formalities is presently "
+"embodied in Article 5(2) of the Paris Text of the Berne Convention. Many "
+"countries continue to impose some form of deposit or registration "
+"requirement, albeit not as a condition of copyright. French law, for "
+"example, requires the deposit of copies of works in national repositories, "
+"principally the National Museum. Copies of books published in the United "
+"Kingdom must be deposited in the British Library. The German Copyright Act "
+"provides for a Registrar of Authors where the author's true name can be "
+"filed in the case of anonymous or pseudonymous works. Paul Goldstein, "
+"<citetitle>International Intellectual Property Law, Cases and Materials</"
+"citetitle> (New York: Foundation Press, 2001), 153–54."
msgstr ""
"før det 1908 berlin handle av berne konvensjonen, nasjonal opphavsrett "
"lovgivning noen ganger gjort beskyttelse som er avhengige av samsvar med "
"\"property-i\"/>, formalities in copyright law were removed in 1976, when "
"Congress followed the Europeans by abandoning any formal requirement before "
"a copyright is granted.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The "
-"Europeans are said to view copyright as a \"natural right.\" Natural rights "
-"don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-American tradition "
-"that required copyright owners to follow form if their rights were to be "
-"protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly respect the dignity of "
-"the author. My right as a creator turns on my creativity, not upon the "
-"special favor of the government."
+"Europeans are said to view copyright as a <quote>natural right.</quote> "
+"Natural rights don't need forms to exist. Traditions, like the Anglo-"
+"American tradition that required copyright owners to follow form if their "
+"rights were to be protected, did not, the Europeans thought, properly "
+"respect the dignity of the author. My right as a creator turns on my "
+"creativity, not upon the special favor of the government."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"That's great rhetoric. It sounds wonderfully romantic. But it is absurd "
"copyright policy. It is absurd especially for authors, because a world "
-"without formalities harms the creator. The ability to spread \"Walt Disney "
-"creativity\" is destroyed when there is no simple way to know what's "
-"protected and what's not."
+"without formalities harms the creator. The ability to spread <quote>Walt "
+"Disney creativity</quote> is destroyed when there is no simple way to know "
+"what's protected and what's not."
msgstr ""
"Det er stor retorikk. det høres usedvanlig romantiske. men det er absurd "
"copyright policy. Det er absurd spesielt for forfattere, fordi en verden "
"claim as well. There was no reason that creative property should be a second-"
"class form of property. If a carpenter builds a table, his rights over the "
"table don't depend upon filing a form with the government. He has a "
-"property right over the table \"naturally,\" and he can assert that right "
-"against anyone who would steal the table, whether or not he has informed the "
-"government of his ownership of the table."
+"property right over the table <quote>naturally,</quote> and he can assert "
+"that right against anyone who would steal the table, whether or not he has "
+"informed the government of his ownership of the table."
msgstr ""
"i tillegg til praktiske klagen av forfattere i 1908 var det så vel moralsk "
"krav. Det var ingen grunn at creative egenskapen, bør være en annenklasses "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This was the understanding of the problem with the Sonny Bono Act that we "
-"tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't \"get.\" "
-"Because we live in a system without formalities, there is no way easily to "
-"build upon or use culture from our past. If copyright terms were, as Justice "
-"Story said they would be, \"short,\" then this wouldn't matter much. For "
-"fourteen years, under the framers' system, a work would be presumptively "
-"controlled. After fourteen years, it would be presumptively uncontrolled."
+"tried to demonstrate to the Court. This was the part it didn't <quote>get.</"
+"quote> Because we live in a system without formalities, there is no way "
+"easily to build upon or use culture from our past. If copyright terms were, "
+"as Justice Story said they would be, <quote>short,</quote> then this "
+"wouldn't matter much. For fourteen years, under the framers' system, a work "
+"would be presumptively controlled. After fourteen years, it would be "
+"presumptively uncontrolled."
msgstr ""
"Dette var forståelsen av problemet med sonny bono loven som vi prøvde å "
"demonstrere for retten. Dette var delen som det ikke \"få.\" fordi vi lever "
"bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
"imposed the simplest requirement upon copyright owners possible. In May "
"2003, it looked as if the bill would be introduced. On May 16, I posted on "
-"the Eldred Act blog, \"we are close.\" There was a general reaction in the "
-"blog community that something good might happen here. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"the Eldred Act blog, <quote>we are close.</quote> There was a general "
+"reaction in the blog community that something good might happen here. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"En representant, Zoe Lofgren fra California, gikk så langt som å få "
"lovforslaget utarbeidet. Utkastet løste noen problemer med internasjonal "
"lov. Det påla de enklest mulige forutsetninger på innehaverne av "
"opphavsretter. I mai 2003 så det ut som om loven skulle være introdusert. "
-"16. mai, postet jeg på Eldred Act-bloggen, \"vi er nære\". Det oppstod en "
+"16. mai, postet jeg på Eldred Act-bloggen, <quote>vi er nære</quote>. Det oppstod en "
"generell reaksjon i blogg-samfunnet om at noe godt kunne skje her. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The MPAA argued first that Congress had \"firmly rejected the central "
-"concept in the proposed bill\"—that copyrights be renewed. That was "
-"true, but irrelevant, as Congress's \"firm rejection\" had occurred long "
-"before the Internet made subsequent uses much more likely. Second, they "
-"argued that the proposal would harm poor copyright owners—apparently "
-"those who could not afford the $1 fee. Third, they argued that Congress had "
-"determined that extending a copyright term would encourage restoration work. "
-"Maybe in the case of the small percentage of work covered by copyright law "
-"that is still commercially valuable, but again this was irrelevant, as the "
-"proposal would not cut off the extended term unless the $1 fee was not paid. "
-"Fourth, the MPAA argued that the bill would impose \"enormous\" costs, since "
-"a registration system is not free. True enough, but those costs are "
-"certainly less than the costs of clearing the rights for a copyright whose "
-"owner is not known. Fifth, they worried about the risks if the copyright to "
-"a story underlying a film were to pass into the public domain. But what risk "
-"is that? If it is in the public domain, then the film is a valid derivative "
-"use."
+"The MPAA argued first that Congress had <quote>firmly rejected the central "
+"concept in the proposed bill</quote>—that copyrights be renewed. That "
+"was true, but irrelevant, as Congress's <quote>firm rejection</quote> had "
+"occurred long before the Internet made subsequent uses much more likely. "
+"Second, they argued that the proposal would harm poor copyright owners—"
+"apparently those who could not afford the $1 fee. Third, they argued that "
+"Congress had determined that extending a copyright term would encourage "
+"restoration work. Maybe in the case of the small percentage of work covered "
+"by copyright law that is still commercially valuable, but again this was "
+"irrelevant, as the proposal would not cut off the extended term unless the "
+"$1 fee was not paid. Fourth, the MPAA argued that the bill would impose "
+"<quote>enormous</quote> costs, since a registration system is not free. True "
+"enough, but those costs are certainly less than the costs of clearing the "
+"rights for a copyright whose owner is not known. Fifth, they worried about "
+"the risks if the copyright to a story underlying a film were to pass into "
+"the public domain. But what risk is that? If it is in the public domain, "
+"then the film is a valid derivative use."
msgstr ""
"mpaa hevdet først at Kongressen hadde \"fast avvist sentrale konseptet i "
"lovforslaget\"—opphavsrett fornyes. Det var sant, men irrelevant, som "
"driving this war. This act would free an extraordinary range of content that "
"is otherwise unused. It wouldn't interfere with any copyright owner's desire "
"to exercise continued control over his content. It would simply liberate "
-"what Kevin Kelly calls the \"Dark Content\" that fills archives around the "
-"world. So when the warriors oppose a change like this, we should ask one "
-"simple question: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"what Kevin Kelly calls the <quote>Dark Content</quote> that fills archives "
+"around the world. So when the warriors oppose a change like this, we should "
+"
ask one simple question: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"men når opphavsrett eierne motsette et forslag som eldred act, så, til "
"slutt, er det et eksempel at legger bare naken selfinterest kjører denne "
msgid ""
"The opposition to the Eldred Act reveals how extreme the other side is. The "
"most powerful and sexy and well loved of lobbies really has as its aim not "
-"the protection of \"property\" but the rejection of a tradition. Their aim "
-"is not simply to protect what is theirs. <emphasis>Their aim is to assure "
-"that all there is is what is theirs</emphasis>."
+"the protection of <quote>property</quote> but the rejection of a tradition. "
+"Their aim is not simply to protect what is theirs. <emphasis>Their aim is to "
+"assure that all there is is what is theirs</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"motstanden mot loven eldred avslører hvordan ekstreme den andre siden er. "
"mektigste og sexy og godt elsket av lobbies virkelig har som målet ikke "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All this seems to follow easily from this untroubled acceptance of the "
-"\"property\" in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, and so long "
-"as it does, the assaults will rain down upon the technologies of the "
-"Internet. The consequence will be an increasing \"permission society.\" The "
-"past can be cultivated only if you can identify the owner and gain "
-"permission to build upon his work. The future will be controlled by this "
-"dead (and often unfindable) hand of the past."
+"<quote>property</quote> in intellectual property. Common sense supports it, "
+"and so long as it does, the assaults will rain down upon the technologies of "
+"the Internet. The consequence will be an increasing <quote>permission "
+"society.</quote> The past can be cultivated only if you can identify the "
+"owner and gain permission to build upon his work. The future will be "
+"controlled by this dead (and often unfindable) hand of the past."
msgstr ""
"alt dette synes å følge lett fra denne untroubled aksept av \"eiendom\" i "
"immaterielle. sunn fornuft støtter det, og så lenge den gjør det, assaults "
msgid "CONCLUSION"
msgstr "Konklusjon"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "antiretroviral drugs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "HIV/AIDS therapies"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "Africa, medications for HIV patients in"
+msgstr ""
+
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There are more than 35 million people with the AIDS virus worldwide. Twenty-"
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
-"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
+"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #55</ulink>. "
"According to a World Health Organization press release issued 9 July 2002, "
"only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing world receive "
"them—and half of them are in Brazil."
msgstr ""
-"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
-"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
+"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #55</"
"ulink>. I følge en pressemelding fra verdens helseorganisasjon sendt ut 9. "
"juli 2002, mottar kun 320 000 av de 6 millioner som trenger medisiner i "
"importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
"nation's market with the consent of the patent owner. For example, if the "
"drug was sold in India, it could be imported into Africa from India. This is "
-"called \"parallel importation,\" and it is generally permitted under "
-"international trade law and is specifically permitted within the European "
-"Union.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"called <quote>parallel importation,</quote> and it is generally permitted "
+"under international trade law and is specifically permitted within the "
+"
European Union.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"I 1997 forsøkte Sør-Afrika seg på en tilnærming. Landet vedtok en lov som "
"tillot import av patenterte medisiner som hadde blitt produsert og solgt i "
"en annen nasjons marked med godkjenning fra patenteieren. For eksempel, "
"hvis medisinen var solgt i India, så kunne den bli importert inn til Afrika "
-"fra India. Dette kalles \"parallellimport\" og er generelt tillatt i "
+"fra India. Dette kalles <quote>parallellimport</quote> og er generelt tillatt i "
"internasjonal handelslovgivning, og spesifikt tillatt i den europeiske union."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
"opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
-"characterized it, \"The U.S. government pressured South Africa … not "
-"to permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.\"<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States Trade "
+"characterized it, <quote>The U.S. government pressured South Africa … "
+"not to permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.</quote><placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States Trade "
"Representative, the government asked South Africa to change the law—"
"and to add pressure to that request, in 1998, the USTR listed South Africa "
"for possible trade sanctions. That same year, more than forty "
msgstr ""
"Men USA var imot lovendringen. Og de nøyde seg ikke med å være imot. Som "
"International Intellectual Property Association karakteriserte det, "
-"\"Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika … til å ikke tillate tvungen "
-"lisensiering eller parallellimport
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"<quote>Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika … til å ikke tillate tvungen "
+"lisensiering eller parallellimport
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"> Gjennom kontoret til USAs handelsrepresentant (USTR), ba myndighetene Sør-"
"Afrika om å endre loven—og for å legge press bak den forespørselen, "
"listet USTR i 1998 opp Sør-Afrika som et land som burde vurderes for "
#. PAGE BREAK 333
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See Sabin Russell, \"New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's Needs at "
-"Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,\" <citetitle>San Francisco Chronicle</"
-"citetitle>, 24 May 1999, A1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-"cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> (\"compulsory licenses and gray markets pose a "
-"threat to the entire system of intellectual property protection\"); Robert "
-"Weissman, \"AIDS and Developing Countries: Democratizing Access to Essential "
-"Medicines,\" <citetitle>Foreign Policy in Focus</citetitle> 4:23 (August "
-"1999), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</"
-"ulink> (describing U.S. policy); John A. Harrelson, \"TRIPS, Pharmaceutical "
-"Patents, and the HIV/AIDS Crisis: Finding the Proper Balance Between "
-"Intellectual Property Rights and Compassion, a Synopsis,\" "
-"<citetitle>Widener Law Symposium Journal</citetitle> (Spring 2001): 175."
+"See Sabin Russell, <quote>New Crusade to Lower AIDS Drug Costs: Africa's "
+"Needs at Odds with Firms' Profit Motive,</quote> <citetitle>San Francisco "
+"Chronicle</citetitle>, 24 May 1999, A1, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #57</ulink> (<quote>compulsory licenses and "
+"gray markets pose a threat to the entire system of intellectual property "
+"protection</quote>); Robert Weissman, <quote>AIDS and Developing Countries: "
+"Democratizing Access to Essential Medicines,</quote> <citetitle>Foreign "
+"Policy in Focus</citetitle> 4:23 (August 1999), available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #58</ulink> (describing U.S. policy); "
+"John A. Harrelson, <quote>TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents, and the HIV/AIDS "
+"Crisis: Finding the Proper Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights and "
+"Compassion, a Synopsis,</quote> <citetitle>Widener Law Symposium Journal</"
+"citetitle> (Spring 2001): 175."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
"which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
"sanctity of property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It was "
-"because \"intellectual property\" would be violated that these drugs should "
-"not flow into Africa. It was a principle about the importance of "
-"\"intellectual property\" that led these government actors to intervene "
-"against the South African response to AIDS."
+"because <quote>intellectual property</quote> would be violated that these "
+"drugs should not flow into Africa. It was a principle about the importance "
+"of <quote>intellectual property</quote> that led these government actors to "
+"intervene against the South African response to AIDS."
msgstr ""
"I stedet var argumentet til fordel for restriksjoner på denne flyten av "
"informasjon, som var nødvendig for å redde millioner av liv, et argument om "
"eiendoms ukrenkelighet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det var på "
-"grunn av at \"intellektuell eiendom\" ville bli krenket at disse medisinene "
+"grunn av at <quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote> ville bli krenket at disse medisinene "
"ikke skulle flomme inn til Afrika. Det var prinsippet om viktigheten av "
-"\"intellektuell eiendom\" som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
+"<quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote> som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
"intervenere mot Sør-Afrikas mottiltak mot AIDS."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
"happen? How could we allow a policy to be pursued whose direct cost would be "
"to speed the death of 15 to 30 million Africans, and whose only real benefit "
-"would be to uphold the \"sanctity\" of an idea? What possible justification "
-"could there ever be for a policy that results in so many deaths? What "
-"exactly is the insanity that would allow so many to die for such an "
-"abstraction?"
+"would be to uphold the <quote>sanctity</quote> of an idea? What possible "
+"justification could there ever be for a policy that results in so many "
+"deaths? What exactly is the insanity that would allow so many to die for "
+"such an abstraction?"
msgstr ""
"La oss ta et skritt tilbake for et øyeblikk. En gang om tredve år vil våre "
"barn se tilbake på oss og spørre, hvordan kunne vi la dette skje? Hvordan "
"kunne vi tillate å gjennomføre en politikk hvis direkte kostnad var få 15 "
"til 30 millioner afrikanere til å dø raskere, og hvis eneste virkelige "
-"fordel var å opprettholde \"ukrenkeligheten\" til en idé? Hva slags "
+"fordel var å opprettholde <quote>ukrenkeligheten</quote> til en idé? Hva slags "
"berettigelse kan noen sinne eksistere for en politikk som resulterer i så "
"mange døde? Hva slags galskap er det egentlig som tillater at så mange dør "
"for slik en abstraksjon?"
msgid ""
"A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
"grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
-"before a Senate or House hearing, and ask, \"How is it you can sell this HIV "
-"drug in Africa for only $1 a pill, but the same drug would cost an American "
-"$1,500?\" Because there is no \"sound bite\" answer to that question, its "
-"effect would be to induce regulation of prices in America. The drug "
-"companies thus avoid this spiral by avoiding the first step. They reinforce "
-"the idea that property should be sacred. They adopt a rational strategy in "
-"an irrational context, with the unintended consequence that perhaps millions "
-"die. And that rational strategy thus becomes framed in terms of this "
-"ideal—the sanctity of an idea called \"intellectual property.\""
+"before a Senate or House hearing, and ask, <quote>How is it you can sell "
+"this HIV drug in Africa for only $1 a pill, but the same drug would cost an "
+"American $1,500?</quote> Because there is no <quote>sound bite</quote> "
+"answer to that question, its effect would be to induce regulation of prices "
+"in America. The drug companies thus avoid this spiral by avoiding the first "
+"step. They reinforce the idea that property should be sacred. They adopt a "
+"rational strategy in an irrational context, with the unintended consequence "
+"that perhaps millions die. And that rational strategy thus becomes framed in "
+"terms of this ideal—the sanctity of an idea called <quote>intellectual "
+"property.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Et annet problem kan derimot ikke løses. Det er frykten for at en politiker "
"som skal vise seg og kaller inn lederne hos medisinprodusentene til høring i "
-"senatet eller representantenes hus og spør, \"hvordan har det seg at du kan "
+"senatet eller representantenes hus og spør, <quote>hvordan har det seg at du kan "
"selge HIV-medisinen i Afrika for bare $1 pr. pille, mens samme pille koster "
-"en amerikansker $1 500?\" Da det ikke finnes et \"kjapt svar\" på det "
+"en amerikansker $1 500?</quote> Da det ikke finnes et <quote>kjapt svar</quote> på det "
"spørsmålet, ville effekten bli regulering av priser i Amerika. "
"Medisinprodusentene unngår dermed denne spiralen ved å sikre at det første "
"steget ikke tas. De forsterker idéen om at eierrettigheter skal være "
"ukrenkelige. De legger seg på en rasjonell strategi i en irrasjonell "
"omgivelse, med den utilsiktede konsekvens at kanskje millioner dør. Og den "
"rasjonelle strategien rammes dermed inn ved hjel av dette ideal—"
-"helligheten til en idé som kalles \"immaterielle rettigheter\"."
+"helligheten til en idé som kalles <quote>immaterielle rettigheter</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"balansert politikk. For det meste av vår historie har både opphavsrett- og "
"patentpolitikken i denne forstand vært balansert."
-#. PAGE BREAK 269
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But we as a culture have lost this sense of balance. We have lost the "
"A certain property fundamentalism, having no connection to our tradition, "
"now reigns in this culture—bizarrely, and with consequences more grave "
"to the spread of ideas and culture than almost any other single policy "
-"decision that we as a democracy will make. A simple idea blinds us, and "
-"under the cover of darkness, much happens that most of us would reject if "
-"any of us looked. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in ideas "
-"that we don't even notice how monstrous it is to deny ideas to a people who "
-"are dying without them. So uncritically do we accept the idea of property in "
-"culture that we don't even question when the control of that property "
-"removes our ability, as a people, to develop our culture democratically. "
-"Blindness becomes our common sense. And the challenge for anyone who would "
-"reclaim the right to cultivate our culture is to find a way to make this "
-"common sense open its eyes."
+"decision that we as a democracy will make."
msgstr ""
"Men vi som kultur har mistet denne følelsen for balanse. Vi har mistet det "
"kritiske blikket som hjelper oss til å se forskjellen mellom sannhet og "
"ekstremisme. En slags eiendomsfundamentalisme, uten grunnlag i vår "
"tradisjon, hersker nå i vår kultur—sært, og med konsekvenser mer "
"alvorlig for spredningen av idéer og kultur enn nesten enhver annen politisk "
-"enkeltavgjørelse vi som demokrati kan fatte. En enkel idé blender oss, og "
-"under dekke av mørket skjer mye som de fleste av oss ville avvist hvis vi "
-"hadde fulgt med. Så ukritisk aksepterer vi idéen om eierskap til idéer at "
-"vi ikke engang legger merke til hvor uhyrlig det er å nekte tilgang til "
-"idéer for et folk som dør uten dem. Så ukritisk aksepterer vi idéen om "
-"eiendom til kulturen at vi ikke engang stiller spørsmål ved når kontrollen "
-"over denne eiendommen fjerner vår evne, som folk, til å utvikle vår kultur "
-"demokratisk. Blindhet blir vår sunne fornuft, og utfordringen for enhver "
-"som vil gjenvinne retten til å dyrke vår kultur er å finne en måte å få "
-"denne sunne fornuften til å åpne sine øyne."
+"enkeltavgjørelse vi som demokrati kan fatte."
+
+#. PAGE BREAK 269
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+msgid ""
+"A simple idea blinds us, and under the cover of darkness, much happens that "
+"most of us would reject if any of us looked. So uncritically do we accept "
+"the idea of property in ideas that we don't even notice how monstrous it is "
+"to deny ideas to a people who are dying without them. So uncritically do we "
+"accept the idea of property in culture that we don't even question when the "
+"control of that property removes our ability, as a people, to develop our "
+"culture democratically. Blindness becomes our common sense. And the "
+"challenge for anyone who would reclaim the right to cultivate our culture is "
+"to find a way to make this common sense open its eyes."
+msgstr ""
+"En enkel idé blender oss, og under dekke av mørket skjer mye som de fleste "
+"av oss ville avvist hvis vi hadde fulgt med. Så ukritisk aksepterer vi "
+"idéen om eierskap til idéer at vi ikke engang legger merke til hvor uhyrlig "
+"det er å nekte tilgang til idéer for et folk som dør uten dem. Så ukritisk "
+"aksepterer vi idéen om eiendom til kulturen at vi ikke engang stiller "
+"spørsmål ved når kontrollen over denne eiendommen fjerner vår evne, som "
+"folk, til å utvikle vår kultur demokratisk. Blindhet blir vår sunne "
+"fornuft, og utfordringen for enhver som vil gjenvinne retten til å dyrke vår "
+"kultur er å finne en måte å få denne sunne fornuften til å åpne sine øyne."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
"this debate fits with ideas that seem natural, and that fit is reinforced by "
-"the RCAs of our day. They wage a frantic war to fight \"piracy,\" and "
-"devastate a culture for creativity. They defend the idea of \"creative "
-"property,\" while transforming real creators into modern-day sharecroppers. "
-"They are insulted by the idea that rights should be balanced, even though "
-"each of the major players in this content war was itself a beneficiary of a "
-"more balanced ideal. The hypocrisy reeks. Yet in a city like Washington, "
-"hypocrisy is not even noticed. Powerful lobbies, complex issues, and MTV "
-"attention spans produce the \"perfect storm\" for free culture."
+"the RCAs of our day. They wage a frantic war to fight <quote>piracy,</quote> "
+"and devastate a culture for creativity. They defend the idea of "
+"<quote>creative property,</quote> while transforming real creators into "
+"modern-day sharecroppers. They are insulted by the idea that rights should "
+"be balanced, even though each of the major players in this content war was "
+"itself a beneficiary of a more balanced ideal. The hypocrisy reeks. Yet in a "
+"city like Washington, hypocrisy is not even noticed. Powerful lobbies, "
+"complex issues, and MTV attention spans produce the <quote>perfect storm</"
+"quote> for free culture."
msgstr ""
"Så langt sover sunn fornuft. Det er intet opprør. Sunn fornuft ser ennå "
"ikke hva det er å gjøre opprør mot. Ekstremismen som nå dominerer denne "
"debatten resonerer med idéer som virker naturlige, og resonansen er "
"forsterket av våre moderne RCA-ene. De fører en frenetisk krig for å "
-"bekjempe \"piratvirksomhet\" og knuser kreativitetskultur. De forsvarer "
-"idéen om \"kreativt eierskap\", mens de endrer ekte skapere til moderne "
+"bekjempe <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> og knuser kreativitetskultur. De forsvarer "
+"idéen om <quote>kreativt eierskap</quote>, mens de endrer ekte skapere til moderne "
"leilendinger. De blir fornærmet av idéen om at rettigheter skulle være "
"balanserte, selv om hver av hovedaktørene i denne innholdskrigen selv hadde "
"fordeler av et mer balansert ideal. Hykleriet rår. Men i en by som "
"Washington blir ikke hykleriet en gang lagt merke til. Mektige lobbyister, "
-"kompliserte problemer og MTV-oppmerksomhetsspenn gir en \"perfekt storm\" "
+"kompliserte problemer og MTV-oppmerksomhetsspenn gir en <quote>perfekt storm</quote> "
"for fri kultur."
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
-"Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on "
-"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
-"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official Opposes "
-"`Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
-"Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
+"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, "
+"<quote>Global Group's Shift on `Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; "
+"William New, <quote>U.S. Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>National Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 August "
+"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</"
+"ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source</quote>, <citetitle>Washington "
"Post</citetitle>, august 2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on "
-"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, <quote>Global Group's Shift on "
+"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir</quote>, <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
"Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official "
-"Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National Journal's "
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, <quote>U.S. Official "
+"Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO</quote>, <citetitle>National Journal's "
"Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by "
"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> At the request of a wide range of "
-"interests, WIPO had decided to hold a meeting to discuss \"open and "
-"collaborative projects to create public goods.\" These are projects that "
-"have been successful in producing public goods without relying exclusively "
-"upon a proprietary use of intellectual property. Examples include the "
-"Internet and the World Wide Web, both of which were developed on the basis "
-"of protocols in the public domain. It included an emerging trend to support "
-"open academic journals, including the Public Library of Science project that "
-"I describe in the Afterword. It included a project to develop single "
-"nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought to have great "
+"interests, WIPO had decided to hold a meeting to discuss <quote>open and "
+"collaborative projects to create public goods.</quote> These are projects "
+"that have been successful in producing public goods without relying "
+"exclusively upon a proprietary use of intellectual property. Examples "
+"include the Internet and the World Wide Web, both of which were developed on "
+"the basis of protocols in the public domain. It included an emerging trend "
+"to support open academic journals, including the Public Library of Science "
+"project that I describe in the Afterword. It included a project to develop "
+"single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought to have great "
"significance in biomedical research. (That nonprofit project comprised a "
"consortium of the Wellcome Trust and pharmaceutical and technological "
"companies, including Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, "
"Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, "
"Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the Global Positioning System, "
-"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included \"open "
-"source and free software.
\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
+"which Ronald Reagan set free in the early 1980s. And it included <quote>open "
+"source and free software.
</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
"I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en avgjørelse fra World Intellectual "
"Property Organiation om å avlyse et møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> På forespørsel fra en lang rekke med interressenter hadde WIPO "
-"bestemt å avholde et møte for å diskutere \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter "
-"for å skape goder for felleskapet\". Disse prosjektene som hadde lyktes i å "
+"bestemt å avholde et møte for å diskutere <quote>åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter "
+"for å skape goder for felleskapet</quote>. Disse prosjektene som hadde lyktes i å "
"produsere goder for fellesskapet uten å basere seg eksklusivt på bruken av "
"proprietære immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler inkluderer internettet og "
"verdensveven, begge som ble utviklet på grunnlag av protokoller i "
"Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, "
"Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og "
"Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen "
-"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare
\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
+"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte <quote>åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare
</quote>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"In the talk that I had prepared, I had actually made the issue of "
"intellectual property relatively minor. But after this astonishing "
"statement, I made intellectual property the sole focus of my talk. There was "
-"no way to talk about an \"Information Society\" unless one also talked about "
-"the range of information and culture that would be free. My talk did not "
-"make my immoderate moderator very happy. And she was no doubt correct that "
-"the scope of intellectual property protections was ordinarily the stuff of "
-"WIPO. But in my view, there couldn't be too much of a conversation about how "
-"much intellectual property is needed, since in my view, the very idea of "
-"balance in intellectual property had been lost."
+"no way to talk about an <quote>Information Society</quote> unless one also "
+"talked about the range of information and culture that would be free. My "
+"talk did not make my immoderate moderator very happy. And she was no doubt "
+"correct that the scope of intellectual property protections was ordinarily "
+"the stuff of WIPO. But in my view, there couldn't be too much of a "
+"conversation about how much intellectual property is needed, since in my "
+"view, the very idea of balance in intellectual property had been lost."
msgstr ""
"Faktisk fikk jeg en gang offentlig kjeft for å ikke anerkjenne dette faktum "
"om WIPO. I februar 2003 leverte jeg et hovedinnlegg på en forberedende "
"forberedt var temaet om immaterielle verdier en forholdvis liten del av det "
"hele. Men etter denne forbløffende uttalelsen, gjorde jeg immaterielle "
"verdier til hovedfokus for mitt innlegg. Det var ikke mulig å snakke om et "
-"\"informasjonssamfunn\" uten at en også snakket om andelen av informasjon og "
+"<quote>informasjonssamfunn</quote> uten at en også snakket om andelen av informasjon og "
"kultur som ikke er vernet av opphavsretten. Mitt innlegg gjorde ikke min "
"overivrige moderator veldig glad. Og hun hadde uten tvil rett i at omfanget "
"til vern av immaterielle rettigheter normalt hørte inn under WIPO. Men "
msgid ""
"So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
"thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
-"meeting about \"open and collaborative projects to create public goods\" "
-"seemed perfectly appropriate within the WIPO agenda."
+"meeting about <quote>open and collaborative projects to create public goods</"
+"quote> seemed perfectly appropriate within the WIPO agenda."
msgstr ""
"Så uansett om WSIS kan diskutere balanse i intellektuell eiendom eller ikke, "
"så hadde jeg trodd det var tatt for gitt at WIPO kunne og burde. Og dermed "
-"møtet om \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder\" virker "
+"møtet om <quote>åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder</quote> virker "
"å passe perfekt for WIPOs agenda."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
-"least among lobbyists. That project is \"open source and free software.\" "
-"Microsoft in particular is wary of discussion of the subject. From its "
-"perspective, a conference to discuss open source and free software would be "
-"like a conference to discuss Apple's operating system. Both open source and "
-"free software compete with Microsoft's software. And internationally, many "
-"governments have begun to explore requirements that they use open source or "
-"free software, rather than \"proprietary software,\" for their own internal "
-"uses."
+"least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free software."
+"</quote> Microsoft in particular is wary of discussion of the subject. From "
+"its perspective, a conference to discuss open source and free software would "
+"be like a conference to discuss Apple's operating system. Both open source "
+"and free software compete with Microsoft's software. And internationally, "
+"many governments have begun to explore requirements that they use open "
+"source or free software, rather than <quote>proprietary software,</quote> "
+"for their own internal uses."
msgstr ""
"Men det er ett prosjekt i listen som er svært kontroversielt, i hvert fall "
-"blant lobbyister. Dette prosjektet er \"åpen kildekode og fri programvare\". "
+"blant lobbyister. Dette prosjektet er <quote>åpen kildekode og fri programvare</quote>. "
"Microsoft spesielt er skeptisk til diskusjon om emnet. Fra deres perspektiv, "
"ville en konferanse for å diskutere åpen kildekode og fri programvare være "
"som en konferanse for å diskutere Apples operativsystem. Både åpen "
"kildekode og fri programvare konkurrerer med Microsofts programvare. Og "
"internasjonalt har mange myndigheter begynt å utforske krav om at de skal "
-"bruke åpen kildekode eller fri programvare, i stedet for \"proprietær "
-"programvare,\" til sine egne interne behov."
+"bruke åpen kildekode eller fri programvare, i stedet for <quote>proprietær "
+"programvare</quote>, til sine egne interne behov."
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
-"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with \"open "
-"source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's principal "
-"opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft\" license, "
-"meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the same terms on any "
-"derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling "
-"the Marketplace to Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source "
-"Software</citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for "
-"Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy "
-"Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, "
-"<citetitle>The Commercial Software Model</citetitle>, discussion at New York "
-"University Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url="
-"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
+"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
+"<quote>open source</quote> software or software in the public domain. "
+"Microsoft's principal opposition is to <quote>free software</quote> licensed "
+"under a <quote>copyleft</quote> license, meaning a license that requires the "
+"licensee to adopt the same terms on any derivative work. See Bradford L. "
+"Smith, <quote>The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to Decide,</"
+"quote> <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</citetitle> "
+"(Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, "
+"American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. "
+"See also Craig Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, <citetitle>The "
+"Commercial Software Model</citetitle>, discussion at New York University "
+"Stern School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Microsofts posisjon om åpen kildekode og fri programvare er mer "
"sofistikert. De har flere ganger forklart at de har ikke noe problem med "
-"programvare som er \"åpen kildekode\" eller programvare som er "
-"allemannseie. Microsofts prinsipielle motstand er mot \"fri programvare\" "
-"lisensiert med en \"copyleft\"-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
+"programvare som er <quote>åpen kildekode</quote> eller programvare som er "
+"allemannseie. Microsofts prinsipielle motstand er mot <quote>fri programvare</quote> "
+"lisensiert med en <quote>copyleft</quote>-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
"som lisensierer skal adoptere same vilkår for ethvert avledet verk. Se "
-"Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
-"Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</"
+"Bradford L. Smith, <quote>The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
+"Decide</quote>, <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</"
"citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory "
"Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), "
"69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</"
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
-msgid "\"copyleft\" licenses"
+msgid "<quote>copyleft</quote> licenses"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
"There are many important companies that depend fundamentally upon open "
"source and free software, IBM being the most prominent. IBM is increasingly "
"shifting its focus to the GNU/Linux operating system, the most famous bit of "
-"\"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a commercial entity. Thus, "
-"to support \"open source and free software\" is not to oppose commercial "
-"entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software development that is "
-"different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
+"<quote>free software</quote>—and IBM is emphatically a commercial "
+"entity. Thus, to support <quote>open source and free software</quote> is not "
+"to oppose commercial entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of software "
+"development that is different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
+"\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Jeg mener ikke å gå inn i den debatten her. Det er viktig kun for å gjøre "
"det klart at skillet ikke er mellom kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell "
"programvare. Det er mange viktige selskaper som er fundamentalt avhengig av "
"fri programvare, der IBM er den mest fremtredende. IBM har i stadig større "
"grad skiftet sitt fokus til GNU/Linux-operativsystemet, det mest berømte "
-"biten av \"fri programvare\"—og IBM er helt klart en kommersiell "
-"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte \"fri programvare\" ikke å motsette seg "
+"biten av <quote>fri programvare</quote>—og IBM er helt klart en kommersiell "
+"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte <quote>fri programvare</quote> ikke å motsette seg "
"kommersielle aktører. Det er i stedet å støtte en måte å drive "
"programvareutvikling som er forskjellig fra Microsofts.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
#. PAGE BREAK 272
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"More important for our purposes, to support \"open source and free software"
-"\" is not to oppose copyright. \"Open source and free software\" is not "
-"software in the public domain. Instead, like Microsoft's software, the "
-"copyright owners of free and open source software insist quite strongly that "
-"the terms of their software license be respected by adopters of free and "
-"open source software. The terms of that license are no doubt different from "
-"the terms of a proprietary software license. Free software licensed under "
-"the General Public License (GPL), for example, requires that the source code "
-"for the software be made available by anyone who modifies and redistributes "
-"the software. But that requirement is effective only if copyright governs "
-"software. If copyright did not govern software, then free software could not "
-"impose the same kind of requirements on its adopters. It thus depends upon "
-"copyright law just as Microsoft does."
-msgstr ""
-"Mer viktig for våre formål, er at å støtte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare\" ikke er å motsette seg opphavsrett. \"Åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare\" er ikke programvare uten opphavsrettslig vern. Istedet, på "
+"More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
+"software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
+"software</quote> is not software in the public domain. Instead, like "
+"Microsoft's software, the copyright owners of free and open source software "
+"insist quite strongly that the terms of their software license be respected "
+"by adopters of free and open source software. The terms of that license are "
+"no doubt different from the terms of a proprietary software license. Free "
+"software licensed under the General Public License (GPL), for example, "
+"requires that the source code for the software be made available by anyone "
+"who modifies and redistributes the software. But that requirement is "
+"effective only if copyright governs software. If copyright did not govern "
+"software, then free software could not impose the same kind of requirements "
+"on its adopters. It thus depends upon copyright law just as Microsoft does."
+msgstr ""
+"Mer viktig for våre formål, er at å støtte <quote>åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare</quote> ikke er å motsette seg opphavsrett. <quote>Åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare</quote> er ikke programvare uten opphavsrettslig vern. Istedet, på "
"samme måte som programvare fra Microsoft, insisterer opphavsrettsinnehaverne "
"av fri programvare ganske sterkt at vilkårene i deres programvarelisens blir "
"respektert av de som tar i bruk fri programvare. Vilkårene i den lisensen "
#. f9.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
+"Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Krim,
\"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"Krim,
<quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source</quote>, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
"What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
"the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
"international relations for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, explained "
-"that \"open-source software runs counter to the mission of WIPO, which is to "
-"promote intellectual-property rights.\" She is quoted as saying, \"To hold a "
-"meeting which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights seems to "
-"us to be contrary to the goals of WIPO.\""
+"that <quote>open-source software runs counter to the mission of WIPO, which "
+"is to promote intellectual-property rights.</quote> She is quoted as saying, "
+"<quote>To hold a meeting which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such "
+"rights seems to us to be contrary to the goals of WIPO.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Det som var overraskende var USAs regjerings begrunnelse for å være imot "
"møtet. Igjen, sitert av Krim, forklarte Lois Boland, direktør for "
"internasjonale forbindelser ved USAs patent og varemerkekontor, at "
-"\"programvare med åpen kildekode går imot til formålet til WIPO, som er å "
-"fremme immaterielle rettigheter.\". Hun skal i følge sitatet ha sagt, \"Å "
+"<quote>programvare med åpen kildekode går imot til formålet til WIPO, som er å "
+"fremme immaterielle rettigheter.</quote>. Hun skal i følge sitatet ha sagt, <quote>Å "
"holde et møte som har som formål å fraskrive seg eller frafalle slike "
-"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.\""
+"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
msgid ""
"First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
"software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
-"\"copyright\". Without it, restrictions imposed by those licenses wouldn't "
-"work. Thus, to say it \"runs counter\" to the mission of promoting "
-"intellectual property rights reveals an extraordinary gap in "
-"understanding—the sort of mistake that is excusable in a first-year "
-"law student, but an embarrassment from a high government official dealing "
-"with intellectual property issues."
+"<quote>copyright</quote>. Without it, restrictions imposed by those "
+"licenses wouldn't work. Thus, to say it <quote>runs counter</quote> to the "
+"mission of promoting intellectual property rights reveals an extraordinary "
+"gap in understanding—the sort of mistake that is excusable in a first-"
+"year law student, but an embarrassment from a high government official "
+"dealing with intellectual property issues."
msgstr ""
"For det første er de ganske enkelt ikke riktige. Som jeg beskrev, er det "
"meste av åpen kildekode og fri programvare fundamentalt avhengig av den "
-"immaterielle retten kalt \"opphavsrett\". Uten den vil begrensningene "
-"definert av disse lisensene ikke fungere. Dermed er det å si at de \"går imot"
-"\" formålet om å fremme immaterielle rettigheter å avsløre en ekstraordinær "
+"immaterielle retten kalt <quote>opphavsrett</quote>. Uten den vil begrensningene "
+"definert av disse lisensene ikke fungere. Dermed er det å si at de <quote>går imot"
+"</quote> formålet om å fremme immaterielle rettigheter å avsløre en ekstraordinær "
"mangel på forståelse—den type feil som er tilgivelig hos en førsteårs "
"jusstudent, men pinlig fra en høyt plassert statstjenestemann som håndterer "
"utfordringer rundt immaterielle rettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to \"promote\" "
-"intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the preparatory "
-"conference of WSIS, WIPO is to consider not only how best to protect "
-"intellectual property, but also what the best balance of intellectual "
-"property is. As every economist and lawyer knows, the hard question in "
-"intellectual property law is to find that balance. But that there should be "
-"limits is, I had thought, uncontested. One wants to ask Ms. Boland, are "
-"generic drugs (drugs based on drugs whose patent has expired) contrary to "
-"the WIPO mission? Does the public domain weaken intellectual property? Would "
-"it have been better if the protocols of the Internet had been patented?"
+"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to <quote>promote</"
+"quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the "
+"preparatory conference of WSIS, WIPO is to consider not only how best to "
+"protect intellectual property, but also what the best balance of "
+"intellectual property is. As every economist and lawyer knows, the hard "
+"question in intellectual property law is to find that balance. But that "
+"there should be limits is, I had thought, uncontested. One wants to ask Ms. "
+"Boland, are generic drugs (drugs based on drugs whose patent has expired) "
+"contrary to the WIPO mission? Does the public domain weaken intellectual "
+"property? Would it have been better if the protocols of the Internet had "
+"been patented?"
msgstr ""
"For det andre, hvem har noen gang hevdet at WIPOs eksklusive mål var å "
-"\"fremme\" immaterielle rettigheter maksimalt? Som jeg fikk kjeft om på den "
+"<quote>fremme</quote> immaterielle rettigheter maksimalt? Som jeg fikk kjeft om på den "
"forberedende konferansen til WSIS, skal WIPO vurdere ikke bare hvordan best "
"beskytte immaterielle rettigheter, men også hva som er den beste balansen "
"rundt immaterielle rettigheter. Som enhver økonom og advokat vet, er det "
"intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
"are held by individuals and corporations. They get to decide what to do with "
"those rights because, again, they are <emphasis>their</emphasis> rights. If "
-"they want to \"waive\" or \"disclaim\" their rights, that is, within our "
-"tradition, totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives away more than $20 "
-"billion to do good in the world, that is not inconsistent with the "
-"objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just what a "
-"property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right to "
-"decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property. <placeholder "
+"they want to <quote>waive</quote> or <quote>disclaim</quote> their rights, "
+"that is, within our tradition, totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives "
+"away more than $20 billion to do good in the world, that is not inconsistent "
+"with the objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just "
+"what a property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the right "
+"
to decide what to do with <emphasis>their</emphasis> property. <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"For det tredje, selv om en tror at formålet med WIPO var å maksimere "
"immaterielle rettigheter, så innehas immaterielle rettigheter, i vår "
"tradisjon, av individer og selskaper. De får bestemme hva som skal gjøres "
"med disse rettighetene, igjen fordi det er <emphasis>de</emphasis> som eier "
-"rettighetene. Hvis de ønsker å \"frafalle\" eller \"frasi\" seg sine "
+"rettighetene. Hvis de ønsker å <quote>frafalle</quote> eller <quote>frasi</quote> seg sine "
"rettigheter, så er det helt etter boka i vår tradisjon. Når Bill Gates gir "
"bort mer enn $20 milliarder til gode formål, så er ikke det uforenelig med "
"målene til eiendomssystemet. Det er heller tvert i mot, akkurat hva "
#. PAGE BREAK 274
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
-"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting \"which "
-"has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,\" she's saying that "
-"WIPO has an interest in interfering with the choices of the individuals who "
-"own intellectual property rights. That somehow, WIPO's objective should be "
-"to stop an individual from \"waiving\" or \"disclaiming\" an intellectual "
-"property right. That the interest of WIPO is not just that intellectual "
-"property rights be maximized, but that they also should be exercised in the "
-"most extreme and restrictive way possible."
-msgstr ""
-"Når Ms. Boland sier at det er noe galt med et møte \"som har som sitt formål "
-"å fraskrive eller frafalle slike rettigheter\", så sier hun at WIPO har en "
+"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
+"<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
+"she's saying that WIPO has an interest in interfering with the choices of "
+"the individuals who own intellectual property rights. That somehow, WIPO's "
+"objective should be to stop an individual from <quote>waiving</quote> or "
+"<quote>disclaiming</quote> an intellectual property right. That the interest "
+"of WIPO is not just that intellectual property rights be maximized, but that "
+"they also should be exercised in the most extreme and restrictive way "
+"possible."
+msgstr ""
+"Når Ms. Boland sier at det er noe galt med et møte <quote>som har som sitt formål "
+"å fraskrive eller frafalle slike rettigheter</quote>, så sier hun at WIPO har en "
"interesse i å påvirke valgene til enkeltpersoner som eier immaterielle "
"rettigheter. At på en eller annen WIPOs oppdrag bør være å stoppe individer "
-"fra å \"fraskrive\" eller \"frafalle\" seg sine immaterielle rettigheter. "
+"fra å <quote>fraskrive</quote> eller <quote>frafalle</quote> seg sine immaterielle rettigheter. "
"At interessen til WIPO ikke bare er maksimale immaterielle rettigheter, men "
"også at de skal utøves på den mest ekstreme og restriktive mulig måten."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
-"Anglo-American tradition. It is called \"feudalism.\" Under feudalism, not "
-"only was property held by a relatively small number of individuals and "
-"entities. And not only were the rights that ran with that property powerful "
-"and extensive. But the feudal system had a strong interest in assuring that "
-"property holders within that system not weaken feudalism by liberating "
-"people or property within their control to the free market. Feudalism "
-"depended upon maximum control and concentration. It fought any freedom that "
-"might interfere with that control."
+"Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
+"feudalism, not only was property held by a relatively small number of "
+"individuals and entities. And not only were the rights that ran with that "
+"property powerful and extensive. But the feudal system had a strong interest "
+"in assuring that property holders within that system not weaken feudalism by "
+"liberating people or property within their control to the free market. "
+"Feudalism depended upon maximum control and concentration. It fought any "
+"freedom that might interfere with that control."
msgstr ""
"Det er en historie om akkurat et slikt eierskapssystem som er velkjent i den "
-"anglo-amerikansk tradisjon. Det kalles \"føydalisme\". Under føydalismen "
+"anglo-amerikansk tradisjon. Det kalles <quote>føydalisme</quote>. Under føydalismen "
"var eiendommer ikke bare kontrollert av et relativt lite antall individer og "
"aktører. Men det føydale systemet hadde en sterk interesse i å sikre at "
"landeier i systemet ikke svekke føydalismen ved å frigjøre folkene og "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
msgid ""
"George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
-"should be (\"the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should be to "
-"promote the right balance of intellectual property rights, not simply to "
-"promote intellectual property rights\"), not as it is. If we were talking "
-"about the world as it is, then of course Boland didn't say anything wrong. "
-"But in the world as Lessig would have it, then of course she did. Always pay "
-"attention to the distinction between Lessig's world and ours."
+"should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
+"be to promote the right balance of intellectual property rights, not simply "
+"to promote intellectual property rights</quote>), not as it is. If we were "
+"talking about the world as it is, then of course Boland didn't say anything "
+"wrong. But in the world as Lessig would have it, then of course she did. "
+"Always pay attention to the distinction between Lessig's world and ours."
msgstr ""
"George, du misforstår Lessig: Han snakker bare om verden slik den burde være "
-"(\"målet til WIPO, og målet til enhver regjering, bør være å fremme den "
+"(<quote>målet til WIPO, og målet til enhver regjering, bør være å fremme den "
"riktige balansen for immaterielle rettigheter, ikke bare å fremme "
-"immaterielle rettigheter\"), ikke som den er. Hvis vi snakket om verden "
+"immaterielle rettigheter</quote>), ikke som den er. Hvis vi snakket om verden "
"slik den er, så har naturligvis Boland ikke sagt noe galt. Men i verden "
"slik Lessig vil at den skal være, er det åpenbart at hun har sagt noe galt. "
"En må alltid være oppmerksom på forskjellen mellom Lessigs og vår verden."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the "
-"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the \"goal\" of "
-"a government should be \"to promote the right balance\" of intellectual "
-"property. That was obviously silly to him. And it obviously betrayed, he "
-"believed, my own silly utopianism. \"Typical for an academic,\" the poster "
-"might well have continued."
+"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the <quote>goal</"
+"quote> of a government should be <quote>to promote the right balance</quote> "
+"of intellectual property. That was obviously silly to him. And it obviously "
+"betrayed, he believed, my own silly utopianism. <quote>Typical for an "
+"academic,</quote> the poster might well have continued."
msgstr ""
"Det var derimot åpenbart at den som postet meldingen ikke støttet idéen. I "
"stedet latterliggjorde forfatteren selve idéen om at i den virkelig verden "
-"skulle \"målet\" til myndighetene være \"å fremme den riktige balanse\" for "
+"skulle <quote>målet</quote> til myndighetene være <quote>å fremme den riktige balanse</quote> for "
"immaterielle rettigheter. Det var åpenbart tåpelig for ham. Og det "
-"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. \"Typisk for en "
-"akademiker\", kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
+"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. <quote>Typisk for en "
+"akademiker</quote>, kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
-"should be to \"seek balance,\" then count me with the silly, for that means "
-"that this has become quite serious indeed. If it should be obvious to "
-"everyone that the government does not seek balance, that the government is "
-"simply the tool of the most powerful lobbyists, that the idea of holding the "
-"government to a different standard is absurd, that the idea of demanding of "
-"the government that it speak truth and not lies is just naïve, then who "
-"have we, the most powerful democracy in the world, become?"
+"should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
+"that means that this has become quite serious indeed. If it should be "
+"obvious to everyone that the government does not seek balance, that the "
+"government is simply the tool of the most powerful lobbyists, that the idea "
+"of holding the government to a different standard is absurd, that the idea "
+"of demanding of the government that it speak truth and not lies is just "
+"naïve, then who have we, the most powerful democracy in the world, "
+"become?"
msgstr ""
"Men når det har blitt dumt å anta at rollen til våre myndigheter bør være å "
-"\"oppnå balanse\", da kan du regne meg blant de dumme, for det betyr at "
+"<quote>oppnå balanse</quote>, da kan du regne meg blant de dumme, for det betyr at "
"dette faktisk har blitt ganske seriøst. Hvis det bør være åpenbart for alle "
"at myndighetene ikke søker å oppnå balanse, at myndighetene ganske enkelt et "
"verktøy for de mektigste lobbyistene, at idéen om å forvente bedre av "
"It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
"and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
"bigness alone, it is not terribly surprising. We Americans have a long "
-"history of fighting \"big,\" wisely or not. That we could be motivated to "
-"fight \"big\" again is not something new."
+"history of fighting <quote>big,</quote> wisely or not. That we could be "
+"motivated to fight <quote>big</quote> again is not something new."
msgstr ""
"Det er derfor betydningsfullt at så mange vil kjempe for å kreve konkurranse "
"og økt mangfold. Likevel, hvis kampanjen blir forstått til å kun gjelde "
"størrelse, så er ikke det veldig overraskende. Vi amerikanere har en lang "
-"historie med å slåss mot \"stort\", klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
-"motivert til å slåss mot \"store\" igjen ikke noe nytt."
+"historie med å slåss mot <quote>stort</quote>, klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
+"motivert til å slåss mot <quote>store</quote> igjen ikke noe nytt."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
"could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
-"\"intellectual property.\" Not because balance is alien to our tradition; "
-"indeed, as I've argued, balance is our tradition. But because the muscle to "
-"think critically about the scope of anything called \"property\" is not well "
-"exercised within this tradition anymore."
+"<quote>intellectual property.</quote> Not because balance is alien to our "
+"tradition; indeed, as I've argued, balance is our tradition. But because the "
+"muscle to think critically about the scope of anything called "
+"<quote>property</quote> is not well exercised within this tradition anymore."
msgstr ""
"Det ville vært noe nytt, og noe veldig viktig, hvis like mange kan være med "
"på en kampanje for å bekjempe økende ekstremisme bygget inn i idéen om "
-"\"intellektuell eiendom\". Ikke fordi balanse er fremmed for vår tradisjon. "
+"<quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote>. Ikke fordi balanse er fremmed for vår tradisjon. "
"Jeg argumenterer for at balanse er vår tradisjon. Men fordi evnen til å "
-"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles \"eiendom\" ikke er lenger er "
+"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles <quote>eiendom</quote> ikke er lenger er "
"godt trent i denne tradisjonen."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#. f11.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
-"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
-"ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
+"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
"September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
-"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
-"<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank "
-"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
-"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</"
-"citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with "
-"RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
-msgstr ""
-"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, september "
+"\">link #65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, <quote>Music Industry Sues Swappers,"
+"</quote> CNN/Money, 8 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with "
+"Robert Gearty, <quote>Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as "
+"Sharers,</quote> <citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9 September "
+"2003, 3; Frank Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single "
+"Mother in Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie Dean, "
+"<quote>Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,</quote> <citetitle>Wired News</"
+"citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
+msgstr ""
+"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers</quote>, CNET News.com, september "
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
+"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, <quote>Music Industry Sues Swappers</quote>, CNN/Money, "
"8 september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha og Phyllis Furman sammen med Robert Gearty, "
-"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
+"<quote>Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers</quote>, "
"<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank "
-"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
-"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</"
-"citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with "
-"RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, tilgjengelig "
+"Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
+"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants</quote>, <citetitle>Washington Post</"
+"citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, <quote>Schoolgirl Settles with "
+"RIAA</quote>, <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
#. f12.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
-"17 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #68</ulink>."
+"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,</"
+"quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
+"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady</quote>, mtv.com, "
"17. september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
#. PAGE BREAK 334
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
-"Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
+"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
+"Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
-"Songs
,\" Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
+"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
+"Songs
</quote>, Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA "
"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been sued for \"sampling\" someone "
-"else's music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The story about Bob "
-"Dylan \"stealing\" from a Japanese author has just finished making the "
-"rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An insider from "
-"Hollywood—who insists he must remain anonymous—reports \"an "
-"amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got extraordinary [old] "
-"content that they'd love to use but can't because they can't begin to clear "
-"the rights. They've got scores of kids who could do amazing things with the "
-"content, but it would take scores of lawyers to clean it first.\" "
-"Congressmen are talking about deputizing computer viruses to bring down "
-"computers thought to violate the law. Universities are threatening expulsion "
-"for kids who use a computer to share content."
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been sued for <quote>sampling</"
+"quote> someone else's music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The "
+"story about Bob Dylan <quote>stealing</quote> from a Japanese author has "
+"just finished making the rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An "
+"insider from Hollywood—who insists he must remain anonymous—"
+"reports <quote>an amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got "
+"extraordinary [old] content that they'd love to use but can't because they "
+"can't begin to clear the rights. They've got scores of kids who could do "
+"amazing things with the content, but it would take scores of lawyers to "
+"clean it first.</quote> Congressmen are talking about deputizing computer "
+"viruses to bring down computers thought to violate the law. Universities are "
+"threatening expulsion for kids who use a computer to share content."
msgstr ""
"Mens jeg skriver disse avsluttende ordene, er nyhetene fylt med historier om "
"at RIAA saksøker nesten tre hundre individer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp blitt saksøkt for å ha \"samplet\" noen "
+"id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp blitt saksøkt for å ha <quote>samplet</quote> noen "
"andres musikk.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Historien om "
-"hvordan Bob Dylan har \"stjålet\" fra en japansk forfatter har nettopp gått "
+"hvordan Bob Dylan har <quote>stjålet</quote> fra en japansk forfatter har nettopp gått "
"verden over.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> En på innsiden i "
"Hollywood—som insisterer på at han må forbli anonym—rapporterer "
-"\"en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har fantastisk [gammelt] "
+"<quote>en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har fantastisk [gammelt] "
"innhold som de ville elske å bruke, men det kan de ikke på grunn av at de "
"først må klarere rettighetene. De har hauger med ungdommer som kunne gjøre "
"fantastiske ting med innholdet, men det vil først kreve hauger med advokater "
-"for å klarere det først\". Kongressrepresentanter snakker om å gi datavirus "
+"for å klarere det først</quote>. Kongressrepresentanter snakker om å gi datavirus "
"politimyndighet for å ta ned datamaskiner som antas å bryte loven. "
"Universiteter truer med å utvise ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for å "
"dele innhold."
#. f14.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" BBC press release, 24 "
-"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#70</ulink>."
+"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
+"release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #70</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" pressemelding fra BBC, "
+"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public</quote>, pressemelding fra BBC, "
"24. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #70</ulink>."
#. f15.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6 August 2003, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</ulink>."
+"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
+"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#71</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6. august 2003, "
+"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil</quote>, Creative Commons Weblog, 6. august 2003, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</"
"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
-"will build a \"Creative Archive,\" from which British citizens can download "
-"BBC content, and rip, mix, and burn it.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> And in Brazil, the culture minister, Gilberto Gil, himself a folk "
-"hero of Brazilian music, has joined with Creative Commons to release content "
-"and free licenses in that Latin American country.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
-"\" id=\"1\"/> I've told a dark story. The truth is more mixed. A technology "
-"has given us a new freedom. Slowly, some begin to understand that this "
-"freedom need not mean anarchy. We can carry a free culture into the twenty-"
-"first century, without artists losing and without the potential of digital "
-"technology being destroyed. It will take some thought, and more importantly, "
-"it will take some will to transform the RCAs of our day into the Causbys."
+"will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
+"can download BBC content, and rip, mix, and burn it.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And in Brazil, the culture minister, Gilberto Gil, "
+"himself a folk hero of Brazilian music, has joined with Creative Commons to "
+"release content and free licenses in that Latin American country."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> I've told a dark story. The truth "
+"is more mixed. A technology has given us a new freedom. Slowly, some begin "
+"to understand that this freedom need not mean anarchy. We can carry a free "
+"culture into the twenty-first century, without artists losing and without "
+"the potential of digital technology being destroyed. It will take some "
+"thought, and more importantly, it will take some will to transform the RCAs "
+"of our day into the Causbys."
msgstr ""
"I mens på andre siden av Atlanteren har BBC nettopp annonsert at de vil "
-"bygge opp et \"kreativt arkiv\" som britiske borgere kan laste ned BBC-"
+"bygge opp et <quote>kreativt arkiv</quote> som britiske borgere kan laste ned BBC-"
"innhold fra, og rippe, mikse og brenne det ut.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/> Og i Brasil har kulturministeren, Gilberto Gil, i seg selv en "
"folkehelt i brasiliansk musikk, slått seg sammen med Creative Commons for å "
msgid ""
"The mistake here is the error of the excluded middle. There are extremes in "
"this debate, but the extremes are not all that there is. There are those who "
-"believe in maximal copyright—\"All Rights Reserved\"— and those "
-"who reject copyright—\"No Rights Reserved.\" The \"All Rights Reserved"
-"\" sorts believe that you should ask permission before you \"use\" a "
-"copyrighted work in any way. The \"No Rights Reserved\" sorts believe you "
-"should be able to do with content as you wish, regardless of whether you "
-"have permission or not."
+"believe in maximal copyright—<quote>All Rights Reserved</quote>— "
+"and those who reject copyright—<quote>No Rights Reserved.</quote> The "
+"<quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts believe that you should ask "
+"permission before you <quote>use</quote> a copyrighted work in any way. The "
+"<quote>No Rights Reserved</quote> sorts believe you should be able to do "
+"with content as you wish, regardless of whether you have permission or not."
msgstr ""
"feil her er feil om den ekskluderte tredje. Det er ekstreme i denne "
"debatten, men ekstreme er ikke alt som det er. Det er de som tror på "
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When the Internet was first born, its initial architecture effectively "
-"tilted in the \"no rights reserved\" direction. Content could be copied "
-"perfectly and cheaply; rights could not easily be controlled. Thus, "
+"tilted in the <quote>no rights reserved</quote> direction. Content could be "
+"copied perfectly and cheaply; rights could not easily be controlled. Thus, "
"regardless of anyone's desire, the effective regime of copyright under the "
-"original design of the Internet was \"no rights reserved.\" Content was "
-"\"taken\" regardless of the rights. Any rights were effectively unprotected."
+"original design of the Internet was <quote>no rights reserved.</quote> "
+"Content was <quote>taken</quote> regardless of the rights. Any rights were "
+"effectively unprotected."
msgstr ""
"da Internett ble født, skråstilt sin første arkitektur effektivt i retning "
"\"ingen rettigheter reservert\". innholdet kan kopieres perfekt og billig; "
"legislation, litigation, and changes to the network's design, copyright "
"holders have been able to change the essential character of the environment "
"of the original Internet. If the original architecture made the effective "
-"default \"no rights reserved,\" the future architecture will make the "
-"effective default \"all rights reserved.\" The architecture and law that "
-"surround the Internet's design will increasingly produce an environment "
-"where all use of content requires permission. The \"cut and paste\" world "
-"that defines the Internet today will become a \"get permission to cut and "
-"paste\" world that is a creator's nightmare."
+"default <quote>no rights reserved,</quote> the future architecture will make "
+"the effective default <quote>all rights reserved.</quote> The architecture "
+"and law that surround the Internet's design will increasingly produce an "
+"environment where all use of content requires permission. The <quote>cut "
+"and paste</quote> world that defines the Internet today will become a "
+"<quote>get permission to cut and paste</quote> world that is a creator's "
+"nightmare."
msgstr ""
"dette første tegnet produsert en reaksjon (motsatt, men ikke helt like) av "
"eiere av opphavsretter. som reaksjon har vært tema for denne boken. gjennom "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither \"all "
-"rights reserved\" nor \"no rights reserved\" but \"some rights reserved"
-"\"— and thus a way to respect copyrights but enable creators to free "
-"content as they see fit. In other words, we need a way to restore a set of "
-"freedoms that we could just take for granted before."
+"What's needed is a way to say something in the middle—neither "
+"<quote>all rights reserved</quote> nor <quote>no rights reserved</quote> but "
+"<quote>some rights reserved</quote>— and thus a way to respect "
+"copyrights but enable creators to free content as they see fit. In other "
+"words, we need a way to restore a set of freedoms that we could just take "
+"for granted before."
msgstr ""
"Hva trenger er en måte å si noe i midten—verken \"all rights reserved"
"\" eller \"ingen rettigheter reservert\" men \"noen rettigheter reservert\"- "
"Internet, most of us didn't have to worry much about data about our lives "
"that we broadcast to the world. If you walked into a bookstore and browsed "
"through some of the works of Karl Marx, you didn't need to worry about "
-"explaining your browsing habits to your neighbors or boss. The \"privacy\" "
-"of your browsing habits was assured."
+"explaining your browsing habits to your neighbors or boss. The "
+"<quote>privacy</quote> of your browsing habits was assured."
msgstr ""
"Hvis du går tilbake fra slaget som jeg har vært beskriver her, vil du "
"gjenkjenne dette problemet fra andre sammenhenger. Tenk om personvern. før "
"for most of us (again, we can hope), spying doesn't pay. The highly "
"inefficient architecture of real space means we all enjoy a fairly robust "
"amount of privacy. That privacy is guaranteed to us by friction. Not by law "
-"(there is no law protecting \"privacy\" in public places), and in many "
-"places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, by the "
-"costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
+"(there is no law protecting <quote>privacy</quote> in public places), and in "
+"many places, not by norms (snooping and gossip are just fun), but instead, "
+"by the costs that friction imposes on anyone who would want to spy."
msgstr ""
"Vel, hvis vi tror når det gjelder metoder jeg beskrevet i kapittel 10, "
"personvernet var forsikret på grunn av en ineffektiv arkitektur for å samle "
"Enter the Internet, where the cost of tracking browsing in particular has "
"become quite tiny. If you're a customer at Amazon, then as you browse the "
"pages, Amazon collects the data about what you've looked at. You know this "
-"because at the side of the page, there's a list of \"recently viewed\" "
-"pages. Now, because of the architecture of the Net and the function of "
-"cookies on the Net, it is easier to collect the data than not. The friction "
-"has disappeared, and hence any \"privacy\" protected by the friction "
-"disappears, too. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"because at the side of the page, there's a list of <quote>recently viewed</"
+"quote> pages. Now, because of the architecture of the Net and the function "
+"of cookies on the Net, it is easier to collect the data than not. The "
+"friction has disappeared, and hence any <quote>privacy</quote> protected by "
+"
the friction disappears, too. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Angi Internett, der kostnaden for sporing av surfing spesielt har blitt "
"ganske liten. Hvis du er en kunde på amazon, deretter samler som du blar "
msgid ""
"Amazon, of course, is not the problem. But we might begin to worry about "
"libraries. If you're one of those crazy lefties who thinks that people "
-"should have the \"right\" to browse in a library without the government "
-"knowing which books you look at (I'm one of those lefties, too), then this "
-"change in the technology of monitoring might concern you. If it becomes "
-"simple to gather and sort who does what in electronic spaces, then the "
-"friction-induced privacy of yesterday disappears."
+"should have the <quote>right</quote> to browse in a library without the "
+"government knowing which books you look at (I'm one of those lefties, too), "
+"then this change in the technology of monitoring might concern you. If it "
+"becomes simple to gather and sort who does what in electronic spaces, then "
+"the friction-induced privacy of yesterday disappears."
msgstr ""
"Amazon, selvfølgelig, er ikke problemet. men vi kan begynne å bekymre deg om "
"biblioteker. Hvis du er en av de sprø lefties som mener at folk skal ha "
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, \"Fair Information Practices and the "
-"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),\" <citetitle>Stanford "
-"Technology Law Review</citetitle> 1 (2001): par. 6–18, available at "
-"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #72</ulink> (describing "
-"examples in which technology defines privacy policy). See also Jeffrey "
-"Rosen, <citetitle>The Naked Crowd: Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an "
-"Anxious Age</citetitle> (New York: Random House, 2004) (mapping tradeoffs "
-"between technology and privacy)."
+"See, for example, Marc Rotenberg, <quote>Fair Information Practices and the "
+"Architecture of Privacy (What Larry Doesn't Get),</quote> "
+"<citetitle>Stanford Technology Law Review</citetitle> 1 (2001): par. "
+"6–18, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
+"#72</ulink> (describing examples in which technology defines privacy "
+"policy). See also Jeffrey Rosen, <citetitle>The Naked Crowd: Reclaiming "
+"Security and Freedom in an Anxious Age</citetitle> (New York: Random House, "
+"2004) (mapping tradeoffs between technology and privacy)."
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 284
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define \"privacy\" on "
-"the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove what friction "
-"before gave us that leads many to push for laws to do what friction did."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And whether you're in favor of "
-"those laws or not, it is the pattern that is important here. We must take "
-"affirmative steps to secure a kind of freedom that was passively provided "
-"before. A change in technology now forces those who believe in privacy to "
-"affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
+"It is this reality that explains the push of many to define <quote>privacy</"
+"quote> on the Internet. It is the recognition that technology can remove "
+"what friction before gave us that leads many to push for laws to do what "
+"friction did.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And whether you're in "
+"favor of those laws or not, it is the pattern that is important here. We "
+"must take affirmative steps to secure a kind of freedom that was passively "
+"provided before. A change in technology now forces those who believe in "
+"privacy to affirmatively act where, before, privacy was given by default."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
-"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" kernel "
-"was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's <quote>Linux</"
+"quote> kernel was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Derfor, i 1984, startet Stallmann på et prosjekt for å bygge et fritt "
"operativsystem, slik i hvert fall en flik av fri programvare skulle "
-"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som \"Linux\"-kjernen til "
+"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som <quote>Linux</quote>-kjernen til "
"Linus Torvalds senere ble lagt til i for å produsere GNU/Linux-"
"operativsystemet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
"readable tags—constitute a Creative Commons license. A Creative "
"Commons license constitutes a grant of freedom to anyone who accesses the "
"license, and more importantly, an expression of the ideal that the person "
-"associated with the license believes in something different than the \"All\" "
-"or \"No\" extremes. Content is marked with the CC mark, which does not mean "
-"that copyright is waived, but that certain freedoms are given."
+"associated with the license believes in something different than the "
+"<quote>All</quote> or <quote>No</quote> extremes. Content is marked with the "
+"CC mark, which does not mean that copyright is waived, but that certain "
+"freedoms are given."
msgstr ""
"enkel, noe som betyr at uten en mellommann, eller uten en advokat. ved å "
"utvikle et gratis sett av lisenser som folk kan knytte til deres innhold, "
"license that permits any use, so long as attribution is given. She can "
"choose a license that permits only noncommercial use. She can choose a "
"license that permits any use so long as the same freedoms are given to other "
-"uses (\"share and share alike\"). Or any use so long as no derivative use is "
-"made. Or any use at all within developing nations. Or any sampling use, so "
-"long as full copies are not made. Or lastly, any educational use."
+"uses (<quote>share and share alike</quote>). Or any use so long as no "
+"derivative use is made. Or any use at all within developing nations. Or any "
+"sampling use, so long as full copies are not made. Or lastly, any "
+"educational use."
msgstr ""
"Disse frihetene er utenfor friheter lovet av fair use. deres presis "
"konturer, avhenger av valgene skaperen gjør. skaperen kan velge en lisens "
"freedoms. But the point that distinguishes the Creative Commons from many is "
"that we are not interested only in talking about a public domain or in "
"getting legislators to help build a public domain. Our aim is to build a "
-"movement of consumers and producers of content (\"content conducers,\" as "
-"attorney Mia Garlick calls them) who help build the public domain and, by "
-"their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other "
+"movement of consumers and producers of content (<quote>content conducers,</"
+"quote> as attorney Mia Garlick calls them) who help build the public domain "
+"and, by their work, demonstrate the importance of the public domain to other "
"creativity. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Dette er bare ett prosjekt blant mange innenfor creative commons. og "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The aim is not to fight the \"All Rights Reserved\" sorts. The aim is to "
-"complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a culture are "
-"produced by insane and unintended consequences of laws written centuries "
-"ago, applied to a technology that only Jefferson could have imagined. The "
-"rules may well have made sense against a background of technologies from "
-"centuries ago, but they do not make sense against the background of digital "
-"technologies. New rules—with different freedoms, expressed in ways so "
-"that humans without lawyers can use them—are needed. Creative Commons "
-"gives people a way effectively to begin to build those rules."
+"The aim is not to fight the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> sorts. The "
+"aim is to complement them. The problems that the law creates for us as a "
+"culture are produced by insane and unintended consequences of laws written "
+"centuries ago, applied to a technology that only Jefferson could have "
+"imagined. The rules may well have made sense against a background of "
+"technologies from centuries ago, but they do not make sense against the "
+"background of digital technologies. New rules—with different freedoms, "
+"expressed in ways so that humans without lawyers can use them—are "
+"needed. Creative Commons gives people a way effectively to begin to build "
+"those rules."
msgstr ""
"Målet er ikke å kjempe \"med enerett\"-sorteringer. Målet er å utfylle dem. "
"problemene som loven oppretter for oss som en kultur er produsert av galskap "
"These are examples of using the Commons to better spread proprietary "
"content. I believe that is a wonderful and common use of the Commons. There "
"are others who use Creative Commons licenses for other reasons. Many who use "
-"the \"sampling license\" do so because anything else would be hypocritical. "
-"The sampling license says that others are free, for commercial or "
-"noncommercial purposes, to sample content from the licensed work; they are "
-"just not free to make full copies of the licensed work available to others. "
-"This is consistent with their own art—they, too, sample from others. "
-"Because the <emphasis>legal</emphasis> costs of sampling are so high (Walter "
-"Leaphart, manager of the rap group Public Enemy, which was born sampling the "
-"music of others, has stated that he does not \"allow\" Public Enemy to "
-"sample anymore, because the legal costs are so high<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these artists release into the creative "
-"environment content that others can build upon, so that their form of "
-"creativity might grow. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
+"the <quote>sampling license</quote> do so because anything else would be "
+"hypocritical. The sampling license says that others are free, for commercial "
+"or noncommercial purposes, to sample content from the licensed work; they "
+"are just not free to make full copies of the licensed work available to "
+"others. This is consistent with their own art—they, too, sample from "
+"others. Because the <emphasis>legal</emphasis> costs of sampling are so high "
+"(Walter Leaphart, manager of the rap group Public Enemy, which was born "
+"sampling the music of others, has stated that he does not <quote>allow</"
+"quote> Public Enemy to sample anymore, because the legal costs are so "
+"high<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>), these artists release into "
+"the creative environment content that others can build upon, so that their "
+"
form of creativity might grow. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
"Finally, there are many who mark their content with a Creative Commons "
"license just because they want to express to others the importance of "
"balance in this debate. If you just go along with the system as it is, you "
-"are effectively saying you believe in the \"All Rights Reserved\" model. "
-"Good for you, but many do not. Many believe that however appropriate that "
-"rule is for Hollywood and freaks, it is not an appropriate description of "
-"how most creators view the rights associated with their content. The "
-"Creative Commons license expresses this notion of \"Some Rights Reserved,\" "
-"and gives many the chance to say it to others."
+"are effectively saying you believe in the <quote>All Rights Reserved</quote> "
+"model. Good for you, but many do not. Many believe that however appropriate "
+"that rule is for Hollywood and freaks, it is not an appropriate description "
+"of how most creators view the rights associated with their content. The "
+"Creative Commons license expresses this notion of <quote>Some Rights "
+"Reserved,</quote> and gives many the chance to say it to others."
msgstr ""
"Endelig er det mange som merker innholdet med en creative commons-lisens, "
"bare fordi de ønsker å uttrykke til andre betydningen av saldoen i denne "
"In contrast, under current copyright law, you automatically get a copyright, "
"regardless of whether you comply with any formality. You don't have to "
"register. You don't even have to mark your content. The default is control, "
-"and \"formalities\" are banished."
+"and <quote>formalities</quote> are banished."
msgstr ""
"derimot under gjeldende lov om opphavsrett få du automatisk en opphavsrett, "
"uavhengig av om du overholder eventuelle formalitet. du trenger ikke å "
"anyone has the right to use this work, until the copyright owner complains "
"and demonstrates that it is his work and he doesn't give permission."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The meaning of an unmarked work "
-"would therefore be \"use unless someone complains.\" If someone does "
-"complain, then the obligation would be to stop using the work in any new "
-"work from then on though no penalty would attach for existing uses. This "
-"would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
+"would therefore be <quote>use unless someone complains.</quote> If someone "
+"does complain, then the obligation would be to stop using the work in any "
+"new work from then on though no penalty would attach for existing uses. "
+"This would create a strong incentive for copyright owners to mark their work."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><section><para>
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25 "
-"January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #74</ulink>."
+"<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
+"(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #74</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
+"<quote>A Radical Rethink</quote>, <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
"januar 2003): 15, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #74</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
-"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of \"fair "
-"use,\" and the distinction between \"ideas\" and \"expression.\" That kind "
-"of law gives them lots of work. But our framers had a simpler idea in mind: "
-"protected versus unprotected. The value of short terms is that there is "
-"little need to build exceptions into copyright when the term itself is kept "
-"short. A clear and active \"lawyer-free zone\" makes the complexities of "
-"\"fair use\" and \"idea/expression\" less necessary to navigate."
+"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
+"<quote>fair use,</quote> and the distinction between <quote>ideas</quote> "
+"and <quote>expression.</quote> That kind of law gives them lots of work. But "
+"our framers had a simpler idea in mind: protected versus unprotected. The "
+"value of short terms is that there is little need to build exceptions into "
+"copyright when the term itself is kept short. A clear and active "
+"<quote>lawyer-free zone</quote> makes the complexities of <quote>fair use</"
+"quote> and <quote>idea/expression</quote> less necessary to navigate."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>Gjør det enkelt:</emphasis> Skillelinjen mellom verker uten "
"opphavsrettslig vern og innhold som er beskyttet må forbli klart. Advokater "
-"liker uklarheten som \"rimelig bruk\" og forskjellen mellom \"idéer\" og "
-"\"uttrykk\" har. Denne type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som "
+"liker uklarheten som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> og forskjellen mellom <quote>idéer</quote> og "
+"<quote>uttrykk</quote> har. Denne type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som "
"skrev grunnloven hadde en enklere idé: vernet versus ikke vernet. Verdien av "
"korte vernetider er at det er lite behov for å bygge inn unntak i "
-"opphavsretten når vernetiden holdes kort. En klar og aktiv \"advokat-fri "
-"sone\" gjør komplesiteten av \"rimelig bruk\" og \"idé/uttrykk\" mindre "
+"opphavsretten når vernetiden holdes kort. En klar og aktiv <quote>advokat-fri "
+"sone</quote> gjør komplesiteten av <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> og <quote>idé/uttrykk</quote> mindre "
"nødvendig å håndtere."
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "veterans' pensions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "veteranpensjoner"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
-"call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer than "
-"the term under Richard Nixon. How \"radical\" can it be to ask for a more "
-"generous copyright law than Richard Nixon presided over?"
+"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
+"all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
+"recommended was longer than the term under Richard Nixon. How "
+"<quote>radical</quote> can it be to ask for a more generous copyright law "
+"than Richard Nixon presided over?"
msgstr ""
-"Uten tvil vil ekstremistene kalle disse idéene \"radikale\". (Tross alt, så "
-"kaller jeg dem \"ekstremister\".) Men igjen, vernetiden jeg anbefalte var "
-"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor \"radikalt\" kan det være å "
+"Uten tvil vil ekstremistene kalle disse idéene <quote>radikale</quote>. (Tross alt, så "
+"kaller jeg dem <quote>ekstremister</quote>.) Men igjen, vernetiden jeg anbefalte var "
+"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor <quote>radikalt</quote> kan det være å "
"be om en mer sjenerøs opphavsrettighet enn da Richard Nixon var president?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors \"exclusive right"
-"\" to \"their writings.\" Congress has given authors an exclusive right to "
-"\"their writings\" plus any derivative writings (made by others) that are "
-"sufficiently close to the author's original work. Thus, if I write a book, "
-"and you base a movie on that book, I have the power to deny you the right to "
-"release that movie, even though that movie is not \"my writing.\""
+"Our Constitution gives Congress the power to give authors <quote>exclusive "
+"right</quote> to <quote>their writings.</quote> Congress has given authors "
+"an exclusive right to <quote>their writings</quote> plus any derivative "
+"writings (made by others) that are sufficiently close to the author's "
+"original work. Thus, if I write a book, and you base a movie on that book, I "
+"have the power to deny you the right to release that movie, even though that "
+"movie is not <quote>my writing.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"vår grunnlov gir Kongressen makt til å gi forfattere \"eksklusiv rett\" til "
"\"deres skrifter.\" Kongressen har gitt forfatterne en eksklusiv rett til å "
"be narrowed. Again, there are some cases in which derivative rights are "
"important. Those should be specified. But the law should draw clear lines "
"around regulated and unregulated uses of copyrighted material. When all "
-"\"reuse\" of creative material was within the control of businesses, perhaps "
-"it made sense to require lawyers to negotiate the lines. It no longer makes "
-"sense for lawyers to negotiate the lines. Think about all the creative "
-"possibilities that digital technologies enable; now imagine pouring molasses "
-"into the machines. That's what this general requirement of permission does "
-"to the creative process. Smothers it."
+"<quote>reuse</quote> of creative material was within the control of "
+"businesses, perhaps it made sense to require lawyers to negotiate the lines. "
+"It no longer makes sense for lawyers to negotiate the lines. Think about all "
+"the creative possibilities that digital technologies enable; now imagine "
+"pouring molasses into the machines. That's what this general requirement of "
+"permission does to the creative process. Smothers it."
msgstr ""
"område: på samme måte bør omfanget av avledede rettigheter bli innsnevret. "
"igjen, det er noen tilfeller der avledede rettigheter er viktig. de skal "
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
-"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #76</"
-"ulink>."
+"See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan Inc. "
+"Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
+"notes/\">link #76</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel, se, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
+"For eksempel, se, <quote>Music Media Watch</quote>, The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#76</ulink>."
"will compete with content sharing, even if the services charge money for the "
"content they give access to. Already cell-phone services in Japan offer "
"music (for a fee) streamed over cell phones (enhanced with plugs for "
-"headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though \"free\" "
-"content is available in the form of MP3s across the Web.<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"headphones). The Japanese are paying for this content even though "
+"<quote>free</quote> content is available in the form of MP3s across the Web."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. PAGE BREAK 304
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This point about the future is meant to suggest a perspective on the "
-"present: It is emphatically temporary. The \"problem\" with file "
+"present: It is emphatically temporary. The <quote>problem</quote> with file "
"sharing—to the extent there is a real problem—is a problem that "
"will increasingly disappear as it becomes easier to connect to the "
"Internet. And thus it is an extraordinary mistake for policy makers today "
-"to be \"solving\" this problem in light of a technology that will be gone "
-"tomorrow. The question should not be how to regulate the Internet to "
-"eliminate file sharing (the Net will evolve that problem away). The question "
-"instead should be how to assure that artists get paid, during this "
+"to be <quote>solving</quote> this problem in light of a technology that will "
+"be gone tomorrow. The question should not be how to regulate the Internet "
+"to eliminate file sharing (the Net will evolve that problem away). The "
+"question instead should be how to assure that artists get paid, during this "
"transition between twentieth-century models for doing business and twenty-"
"first-century technologies."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different \"problems\" "
-"here to solve. Let's start with type D content—uncopyrighted content "
-"or copyrighted content that the artist wants shared. The \"problem\" with "
-"this content is to make sure that the technology that would enable this kind "
-"of sharing is not rendered illegal. You can think of it this way: Pay phones "
-"are used to deliver ransom demands, no doubt. But there are many who need "
-"to use pay phones who have nothing to do with ransoms. It would be wrong to "
-"ban pay phones in order to eliminate kidnapping."
+"The answer begins with recognizing that there are different <quote>problems</"
+"quote> here to solve. Let's start with type D content—uncopyrighted "
+"content or copyrighted content that the artist wants shared. The "
+"<quote>problem</quote> with this content is to make sure that the technology "
+"that would enable this kind of sharing is not rendered illegal. You can "
+"think of it this way: Pay phones are used to deliver ransom demands, no "
+"doubt. But there are many who need to use pay phones who have nothing to do "
+"with ransoms. It would be wrong to ban pay phones in order to eliminate "
+"kidnapping."
msgstr ""
"svaret begynner med erkjenner at det er ulike \"problemer\" her å løse. La "
"oss starte med typen d innhold—uncopyrighted innhold eller "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Type C content raises a different \"problem.\" This is content that was, at "
-"one time, published and is no longer available. It may be unavailable "
-"because the artist is no longer valuable enough for the record label he "
-"signed with to carry his work. Or it may be unavailable because the work is "
-"forgotten. Either way, the aim of the law should be to facilitate the access "
-"to this content, ideally in a way that returns something to the artist."
+"Type C content raises a different <quote>problem.</quote> This is content "
+"that was, at one time, published and is no longer available. It may be "
+"unavailable because the artist is no longer valuable enough for the record "
+"label he signed with to carry his work. Or it may be unavailable because the "
+"work is forgotten. Either way, the aim of the law should be to facilitate "
+"the access to this content, ideally in a way that returns something to the "
+"artist."
msgstr ""
"c-innhold av typen reiser et annet \"problem.\" Dette er innhold som ble, "
"samtidig, publisert og er ikke lenger tilgjengelig. Det kan være "
"and used book stores don't pay the copyright owner when someone reads or "
"buys an out-of-print book. That makes total sense, of course, since any "
"other system would be so burdensome as to eliminate the possibility of used "
-"book stores' existing. But from the author's perspective, this \"sharing\" "
-"of his content without his being compensated is less than ideal."
+"book stores' existing. But from the author's perspective, this "
+"<quote>sharing</quote> of his content without his being compensated is less "
+"than ideal."
msgstr ""
"igjen er modellen her brukt boka store. Når en bok går ut av Skriv ut, det "
"kan fortsatt være tilgjengelig i biblioteker og brukte bokhandlere. men "
"The model of used book stores suggests that the law could simply deem out-of-"
"print music fair game. If the publisher does not make copies of the music "
"available for sale, then commercial and noncommercial providers would be "
-"free, under this rule, to \"share\" that content, even though the sharing "
-"involved making a copy. The copy here would be incidental to the trade; in a "
-"context where commercial publishing has ended, trading music should be as "
-"free as trading books."
+"free, under this rule, to <quote>share</quote> that content, even though the "
+"sharing involved making a copy. The copy here would be incidental to the "
+"trade; in a context where commercial publishing has ended, trading music "
+"should be as free as trading books."
msgstr ""
"modell for brukte boken butikker tyder på at loven kan bare anser-print "
"musikk rettferdig spill. Hvis utgiveren ikke gjør kopier av musikken "
"\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel has proposed a related idea that "
"would exempt noncommercial sharing from the reach of copyright and would "
"establish compensation to artists to balance any loss. See Neil Weinstock "
-"Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P File Sharing,\" "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #79</ulink>. "
-"For other proposals, see Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's Holding Back Broadband?\" "
-"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8 January 2002, A17; Philip S. "
-"Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A Letter to Senator Joseph R. Biden, "
-"Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 26 February 2002, "
-"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; "
-"Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A Quick Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee "
-"(IPUF)</citetitle>, 3 March 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon "
-"Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 13 May "
-"2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</"
-"ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright Right,\" IEEE Spectrum Online, "
-"1 July 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, \"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News."
+"Netanel, <quote>Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P File "
+"Sharing,</quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #79</ulink>. For other proposals, see Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Who's "
+"Holding Back Broadband?</quote> <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8 "
+"January 2002, A17; Philip S. Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A Letter "
+"to Senator Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations "
+"Committee, 26 February 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
+"cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A Quick Case for "
+"Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF)</citetitle>, 3 March 2002, available at "
+"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson "
+"Graham, <quote>Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,</quote> "
+"<citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 13 May 2002, available at <ulink url="
+"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, "
+"<quote>Getting Copyright Right,</quote> IEEE Spectrum Online, 1 July 2002, "
+"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</ulink>; "
+"Declan McCullagh, <quote>Verizon's Copyright Campaign,</quote> CNET News."
"com, 27 August 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #84</ulink>. Fisher's proposal is very similar to Richard "
"Stallman's proposal for DAT. Unlike Fisher's, Stallman's proposal would not "
"\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel har foreslått en relatert idé som "
"ville gjøre at opphavsretten ikke gjelder ikke-kommersiell deling fra og "
"ville etablere kompenasjon til kunstnere for å balansere eventuelle tap. Se "
-"Neil Weinstock Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P "
-"File Sharing
,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #79</ulink>. For andre forslag, se Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's Holding "
-"Back Broadband?\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8. january 2002, "
+"Neil Weinstock Netanel, <quote>Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P "
+"File Sharing
</quote>, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #79</ulink>. For andre forslag, se Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Who's Holding "
+"Back Broadband?</quote> <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8. january 2002, "
"A17; Philip S. Corwin på vegne av Sharman Networks, Et brev til Senator "
"Joseph R. Biden, Jr., leder i the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 26. "
"februar. 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A Quick Case for "
"Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF)</citetitle>, 3. mars 2002, tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson "
-"Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" <citetitle>USA "
+"Graham, <quote>Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly</quote>, <citetitle>USA "
"Today</citetitle>, 13. mai 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright "
-"Right
,\" IEEE Spectrum Online, 1. juli 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, <quote>Getting Copyright "
+"Right
</quote>, IEEE Spectrum Online, 1. juli 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, "
-"\"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News.com, 27. august 2002, "
+"<quote>Verizon's Copyright Campaign</quote>, CNET News.com, 27. august 2002, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #84</"
"ulink>. Forslaget fra Fisher er ganske likt forslaget til Richard Stallman "
"når det gjelder DAT. I motsetning til Fishers forslag, ville Stallmanns "
msgid ""
"Fisher would balk at the idea of allowing the system to lapse. His aim is "
"not just to ensure that artists are paid, but also to ensure that the system "
-"supports the widest range of \"semiotic democracy\" possible. But the aims "
-"of semiotic democracy would be satisfied if the other changes I described "
-"were accomplished—in particular, the limits on derivative uses. A "
-"system that simply charges for access would not greatly burden semiotic "
-"democracy if there were few limitations on what one was allowed to do with "
-"the content itself."
+"supports the widest range of <quote>semiotic democracy</quote> possible. But "
+"the aims of semiotic democracy would be satisfied if the other changes I "
+"described were accomplished—in particular, the limits on derivative "
+"uses. A system that simply charges for access would not greatly burden "
+"semiotic democracy if there were few limitations on what one was allowed to "
+"do with the content itself."
msgstr ""
"Fisher vil balk på idéen om å la systemet synker. hans mål er ikke bare for "
"å sikre at kunstnere er betalt, men også å sikre at systemet støtter en "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of \"harm\" "
-"to an industry. But the difficulty of making that calculation would be "
-"outweighed by the benefit of facilitating innovation. This background system "
-"to compensate would also not need to interfere with innovative proposals "
-"such as Apple's MusicStore. As experts predicted when Apple launched the "
-"MusicStore, it could beat \"free\" by being easier than free is. This has "
-"proven correct: Apple has sold millions of songs at even the very high price "
-"of 99 cents a song. (At 99 cents, the cost is the equivalent of a per-song "
-"CD price, though the labels have none of the costs of a CD to pay.) Apple's "
-"move was countered by Real Networks, offering music at just 79 cents a song. "
-"And no doubt there will be a great deal of competition to offer and sell "
-"music on-line."
+"No doubt it would be difficult to calculate the proper measure of "
+"<quote>harm</quote> to an industry. But the difficulty of making that "
+"calculation would be outweighed by the benefit of facilitating innovation. "
+"This background system to compensate would also not need to interfere with "
+"innovative proposals such as Apple's MusicStore. As experts predicted when "
+"Apple launched the MusicStore, it could beat <quote>free</quote> by being "
+"easier than free is. This has proven correct: Apple has sold millions of "
+"songs at even the very high price of 99 cents a song. (At 99 cents, the cost "
+"is the equivalent of a per-song CD price, though the labels have none of the "
+"costs of a CD to pay.) Apple's move was countered by Real Networks, offering "
+"music at just 79 cents a song. And no doubt there will be a great deal of "
+"competition to offer and sell music on-line."
msgstr ""
"ingen tvil om ville det være vanskelig å beregne riktig mål for \"skade\" "
"til en industri. men vanskeligheten av å gjøre multiplikasjonene ville være "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"This competition has already occurred against the background of \"free\" "
-"music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable television have known for "
-"thirty years, and the sellers of bottled water for much more than that, "
-"there is nothing impossible at all about \"competing with free.\" Indeed, if "
-"anything, the competition spurs the competitors to offer new and better "
-"products. This is precisely what the competitive market was to be about. "
-"Thus in Singapore, though piracy is rampant, movie theaters are often "
-"luxurious—with \"first class\" seats, and meals served while you watch "
-"a movie—as they struggle and succeed in finding ways to compete with "
-"\"free.\""
+"This competition has already occurred against the background of <quote>free</"
+"quote> music from p2p systems. As the sellers of cable television have known "
+"for thirty years, and the sellers of bottled water for much more than that, "
+"there is nothing impossible at all about <quote>competing with free.</quote> "
+"Indeed, if anything, the competition spurs the competitors to offer new and "
+"better products. This is precisely what the competitive market was to be "
+"about. Thus in Singapore, though piracy is rampant, movie theaters are often "
+"luxurious—with <quote>first class</quote> seats, and meals served "
+"while you watch a movie—as they struggle and succeed in finding ways "
+"to compete with <quote>free.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Denne konkurransen har allerede skjedd på bakgrunn av \"gratis\" musikk fra "
"p2p-systemer. som selgere av kabel-TV har kjent for tretti år og selgere av "
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
-"market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
-"consumers continue to \"take\" content for nothing? Should the law do "
-"something then?"
+"But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
+"competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
+"of consumers continue to <quote>take</quote> content for nothing? Should the "
+"law do something then?"
msgstr ""
-"Men hva om \"piratvirksomheten\" ikke forsvinner? Hva om det finnes et "
+"Men hva om <quote>piratvirksomheten</quote> ikke forsvinner? Hva om det finnes et "
"konkurranseutsatt marked som tilbyr innhold til en lav kostnad, men et "
-"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å \"ta\" innhold uten å betale? "
+"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å <quote>ta</quote> innhold uten å betale? "
"Burde loven gjøre noe da?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#. f10.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
msgid ""
-"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
-"1069–70."
+"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville B. "
+"Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): "
+"1057, 1069–70."
msgstr ""
-"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
+"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville B. Nimmer "
"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
"1069–70."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" by "
-"many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
-"precisely the positions of some of the most moderate and significant figures "
-"in the history of this branch of the law. Many, for example, thought crazy "
-"the challenge that we brought to the Copyright Term Extension Act. Yet just "
-"thirty years ago, the dominant scholar and practitioner in the field of "
-"copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it obvious.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
-"\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
+"<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
+"I am advocating are precisely the positions of some of the most moderate and "
+"significant figures in the history of this branch of the law. Many, for "
+"example, thought crazy the challenge that we brought to the Copyright Term "
+"Extension Act. Yet just thirty years ago, the dominant scholar and "
+"practitioner in the field of copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it obvious."
+"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Indisiene for slik bøyning er overbevisene. Jeg er angrepet som en \"radikal"
-"\" av mange innenfor yrket, og likevel er meningene jeg argumenterer for "
+"Indisiene for slik bøyning er overbevisene. Jeg er angrepet som en <quote>radikal"
+"</quote> av mange innenfor yrket, og likevel er meningene jeg argumenterer for "
"nøyaktig de meningene til mange av de mest moderate og betydningsfulle "
"personene i historien til denne delen av loven. Mange trodde for eksempel at "
"vår utfordring til lovforslaget om å utvide opphavsrettens vernetid var "
"again. Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
"York: Amacom, 2002), (reviewing his original view but expressing skepticism) "
-"with Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
-"working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-"notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Liebowitz's careful analysis is extremely "
-"valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing technology. In my view, "
-"however, he underestimates the costs of the legal system. See, for example, "
-"<citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder type="
+"with Stan J. Liebowitz, <quote>Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?</"
+"quote> working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Liebowitz's careful analysis is "
+"extremely valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing technology. In "
+"my view, however, he underestimates the costs of the legal system. See, for "
+"
example, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, 174–76. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Et godt eksempel er arbeidet til professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz bør få "
"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
"York: Amacom, 2002), (gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) "
-"med Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"med Stan J. Liebowitz, <quote>Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?</quote> "
"artikkelutkast, juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt "
"verdifull i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt "
"The law should regulate in certain areas of culture—but it should "
"regulate culture only where that regulation does good. Yet lawyers rarely "
"test their power, or the power they promote, against this simple pragmatic "
-"question: \"Will it do good?\" When challenged about the expanding reach of "
-"the law, the lawyer answers, \"Why not?\""
+"question: <quote>Will it do good?</quote> When challenged about the "
+"expanding reach of the law, the lawyer answers, <quote>Why not?</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Loven bør regulere i visse områder av kulturen—men det bør regulere "
"kultur bare der reguleringen bidrar positivt. Likevel tester advokater "
"sjeldent sin kraft, eller kraften som de fremmer, mot dette enkle pragmatisk "
-"spørsmålet: \"vil det bidra positivt?\". Når de blir utfordret om det "
-"utvidede rekkevidden til loven, er advokat-svaret, \"Hvorfor ikke?\""
+"spørsmålet: <quote>vil det bidra positivt?</quote>. Når de blir utfordret "
+"om det utvidede rekkevidden til loven, er advokat-svaret, <quote>Hvorfor "
+"ikke?</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
msgid ""
-"We should ask, \"Why?\" Show me why your regulation of culture is needed. "
-"Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your lawyers "
-"away."
+"We should ask, <quote>Why?</quote> Show me why your regulation of culture is "
+"needed. Show me how it does good. And until you can show me both, keep your "
+"lawyers away."
msgstr ""
-"Vi burde spørre: \"Hvorfor?\". Vis meg hvorfor din regulering av kultur er "
-"nødvendig og vis meg hvordan reguleringen bidrar positivt. Før du kan vise "
-"meg begge, holde advokatene din unna."
+"Vi burde spørre: <quote>Hvorfor?</quote>. Vis meg hvorfor din regulering av "
+"kultur er nødvendig og vis meg hvordan reguleringen bidrar positivt. Før du "
+"kan vise meg begge, holde advokatene din unna."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
msgid "NOTES"
"McMullen, Fred Norton, John Pormann, Pedro A. D. Rezende, Shabbir Safdar, "
"Saul Schleimer, Clay Shirky, Adam Shostack, Kragen Sitaker, Chris Smith, "
"Bruce Steinberg, Andrzej Jan Taramina, Sean Walsh, Matt Wasserman, Miljenko "
-"Williams, \"Wink,\" Roger Wood, \"Ximmbo da Jazz,\" and Richard Yanco. (I "
-"apologize if I have missed anyone; with computers come glitches, and a crash "
-"of my e-mail system meant I lost a bunch of great replies.)"
+"Williams, <quote>Wink,</quote> Roger Wood, <quote>Ximmbo da Jazz,</quote> "
+"and Richard Yanco. (I apologize if I have missed anyone; with computers come "
+"glitches, and a crash of my e-mail system meant I lost a bunch of great "
+"replies.)"
msgstr ""
"Dette er de tradisjonelle former for hjelp som akademikere regelmessig "
"trekker på. Men i tillegg til dem, har Internett gjort det mulig å motta råd "
"Mann, Mark Manning, Nora McCauley, Jeffrey McHugh, Evan McMullen, Fred "
"Norton, John Pormann, Pedro A. D. Rezende, Shabbir Safdar, Saul Schleimer, "
"Clay Shirky, Adam Shostack, Kragen Sitaker, Chris Smith, Bruce Steinberg, "
-"Andrzej Jan Taramina, Sean Walsh, Matt Wasserman, Miljenko Williams, \"Wink,"
-"\" Roger Wood, \"Ximmbo da Jazz,\" og Richard Yanco. (jeg beklager hvis jeg "
-"gikk glipp av noen, med datamaskiner kommer feil og en krasj i e-"
-"postsystemet mitt gjorde at jeg mistet en haug med flotte svar.)"
+"Andrzej Jan Taramina, Sean Walsh, Matt Wasserman, Miljenko Williams, "
+"<quote>Wink,</quote> Roger Wood, <quote>Ximmbo da Jazz,</quote> og Richard "
+"Yanco. (jeg beklager hvis jeg gikk glipp av noen, med datamaskiner kommer "
+"feil og en krasj i e-postsystemet mitt gjorde at jeg mistet en haug med "
+"flotte svar.)"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff