-"potential public benefits," as John Schwartz writes in The New York Times,
-"could be delayed in the P2P fight."<sup>[<a name="id2779616" href="#ftn.id2779616" class="footnote">95</a>]</sup>
-Yet when anyone begins to talk about "balance," the copyright warriors raise
-a different argument. "All this hand waving about balance and incentives,"
-they say, "misses a fundamental point. Our content," the warriors insist,
-"is our property. Why should we wait for Congress to `rebalance' our
-property rights? Do you have to wait before calling the police when your car
-has been stolen? And why should Congress deliberate at all about the merits
-of this theft? Do we ask whether the car thief had a good use for the car
-before we arrest him?"
-</p><p>
-"It is our property," the warriors insist. "And it should be protected just
-as any other property is protected."
-</p></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br><hr width="100" align="left"><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774443" href="#id2774443" class="para">15</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Bach v. Longman, 98 Eng. Rep. 1274 (1777) (Mansfield).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774562" href="#id2774562" class="para">16</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Se Rochelle Dreyfuss, "Expressive Genericity: Trademarks as Language in the
-Pepsi Generation," Notre Dame Law Review 65 (1990): 397.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774579" href="#id2774579" class="para">17</a>] </sup>
-
-Lisa Bannon, "The Birds May Sing, but Campers Can't Unless They Pay Up,"
-Wall Street Journal, 21. august 1996, tilgjengelig fra <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #3</a>; Jonathan Zittrain,
-"Calling Off the Copyright War: In Battle of Property vs. Free Speech, No
-One Wins," Boston Globe, 24. november 2002. <a class="indexterm" name="id2774592"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774666" href="#id2774666" class="para">18</a>] </sup>
-
-I The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books, 2002), dokumenterer
-Richard Florida en endring i arbeidsstokken mot kreativitetsarbeide. Hans
-tekst omhandler derimot ikke direkte de juridiske vilkår som kreativiteten
-blir muliggjort eller hindret under. Jeg er helt klart enig med ham i
-viktigheten og betydningen av denne endringen, men jeg tror også at
-vilkårene som disse endringene blir aktivert under er mye vanskeligere.
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2774719"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774821" href="#id2774821" class="para">19</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Leonard Maltin, Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons
-(New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 34–35.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774887" href="#id2774887" class="para">20</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Jeg er takknemlig overfor David Gerstein og hans nøyaktige historie,
-beskrevet på <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #4</a>. I
-følge Dave Smith ved the Disney Archives, betalte Disney for å bruke
-musikken til fem sanger i Steamboat Willie: "Steamboat Bill," "The
-Simpleton" (Delille), "Mischief Makers" (Carbonara), "Joyful Hurry No. 1"
-(Baron), og "Gawky Rube" (Lakay). En sjette sang, "The Turkey in the Straw,"
-var allerede allemannseie. Brev fra David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli
-2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet til forfatteren.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2774943" href="#id2774943" class="para">21</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Han var også tilhenger av allmannseiet. Se Chris Sprigman, "The Mouse that
-Ate the Public Domain," Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #5</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775006" href="#id2775006" class="para">22</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an
-initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the "average" term by
-determining the weighted average of total registrations for any particular
-year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if 100 copyrights are registered in
-year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the renewal term is 28 years, then the
-average term is 32.2 years. For the renewal data and other relevant data,
-see the Web site associated with this book, available at <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #6</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775161" href="#id2775161" class="para">23</a>] </sup>
-
-
-For en utmerket historie, se Scott McCloud, Reinventing Comics (New York:
-Perennial, 2000).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775270" href="#id2775270" class="para">24</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See Salil K. Mehra, "Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All
-the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?" Rutgers Law Review 55
-(2002): 155, 182. "[T]here might be a collective economic rationality that
-would lead manga and anime artists to forgo bringing legal actions for
-infringement. One hypothesis is that all manga artists may be better off
-collectively if they set aside their individual self-interest and decide not
-to press their legal rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma
-solved."
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775345" href="#id2775345" class="para">25</a>] </sup>
-
-The term intellectual property is of relatively recent origin. See Siva
-Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs, 11 (New York: New York University
-Press, 2001). See also Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (New York:
-Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term accurately describes a set of
-"property" rights—copyright, patents, trademark, and
-trade-secret—but the nature of those rights is very different.
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2775354"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775544" href="#id2775544" class="para">26</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Reese V. Jenkins, Images and Enterprise (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University
-Press, 1975), 112.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775576" href="#id2775576" class="para">27</a>] </sup>
-
-Brian Coe, The Birth of Photography (New York: Taplinger Publishing, 1977),
-53. <a class="indexterm" name="id2775581"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775606" href="#id2775606" class="para">28</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Jenkins, 177.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775614" href="#id2775614" class="para">29</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Basert på et diagram i Jenkins, s. 178.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775642" href="#id2775642" class="para">30</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Coe, 58.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775677" href="#id2775677" class="para">31</a>] </sup>
-
-
-For illustrative cases, see, for example, Pavesich v. N.E. Life Ins. Co., 50
-S.E.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775713" href="#id2775713" class="para">32</a>] </sup>
-
-Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, "The Right to Privacy," Harvard Law
-Review 4 (1890): 193. <a class="indexterm" name="id2775719"></a> <a class="indexterm" name="id2775728"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775752" href="#id2775752" class="para">33</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See Melville B. Nimmer, "The Right of Publicity," Law and Contemporary
-Problems 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "Privacy," California Law
-Review 48 (1960) 398–407; White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc.,
-971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775855" href="#id2775855" class="para">34</a>] </sup>
-
-
-H. Edward Goldberg, "Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software You
-Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations," cadalyst, februar 2002,
-tilgjengelig fra <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #7</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775904" href="#id2775904" class="para">35</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Judith Van Evra, Television and Child Development (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence
-Erlbaum Associates, 1990); "Findings on Family and TV Study," Denver Post,
-25 May 1997, B6.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775957" href="#id2775957" class="para">36</a>] </sup>
-
-Intervju med Elizabeth Daley og Stephanie Barish, 13. desember 2002.
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2775964"></a> <a class="indexterm" name="id2775973"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2775989" href="#id2775989" class="para">37</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Se Scott Steinberg, "Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs," E!online, 4. november
-2000, tilgjengelig fra <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link
-#8</a>; "Timeline," 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #9</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776058" href="#id2776058" class="para">38</a>] </sup>
-
-Intervju med Daley og Barish. <a class="indexterm" name="id2776064"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776076" href="#id2776076" class="para">39</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Ibid.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776258" href="#id2776258" class="para">40</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, bk. 1,
-trans. Henry Reeve (New York: Bantam Books, 2000), ch. 16.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776340" href="#id2776340" class="para">41</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, "Deliberation Day," Journal of Political
-Philosophy 10 (2) (2002): 129.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776361" href="#id2776361" class="para">42</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Cass Sunstein, Republic.com (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001),
-65–80, 175, 182, 183, 192.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2773170" href="#id2773170" class="para">43</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Noah Shachtman, "With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot," New York
-Times, 16 January 2003, G5.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2776316" href="#id2776316" class="para">44</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Telefonintervju med David Winer, 16. april 2003.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2773267" href="#id2773267" class="para">45</a>] </sup>
-
-
-John Schwartz, "Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information
-Online," New York Times, 2 February 2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, "Shuttle
-Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall," Online Journalism Review, 2
-February 2003, available at <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link
-#10</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2773294" href="#id2773294" class="para">46</a>] </sup>
-
-See Michael Falcone, "Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?" New York
-Times, 29 September 2003, C4. ("Not all news organizations have been as
-accepting of employees who blog. Kevin Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq
-who started a blog about his reporting of the war on March 9, stopped
-posting 12 days later at his bosses' request. Last year Steve Olafson, a
-Houston Chronicle reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log,
-published under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people
-he was covering.") <a class="indexterm" name="id2773304"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777014" href="#id2777014" class="para">47</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See, for example, Edward Felten and Andrew Appel, "Technological Access
-Control Interferes with Noninfringing Scholarship," Communications of the
-Association for Computer Machinery 43 (2000): 9.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777200" href="#id2777200" class="para">48</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Tim Goral, "Recording Industry Goes After Campus P-2-P Networks: Suit
-Alleges $97.8 Billion in Damages," Professional Media Group LCC 6 (2003): 5,
-tilgjengelig fra 2003 WL 55179443.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777296" href="#id2777296" class="para">49</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Occupational Employment Survey, U.S. Dept. of Labor (2001)
-(27–2042—Musicians and Singers). See also National Endowment for
-the Arts, More Than One in a Blue Moon (2000).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777302" href="#id2777302" class="para">50</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Douglas Lichtman kommer med et relatert poeng i "KaZaA and Punishment," Wall
-Street Journal, 10. september 2003, A24.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777383" href="#id2777383" class="para">51</a>] </sup>
-
-I am grateful to Peter DiMauro for pointing me to this extraordinary
-history. See also Siva Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs,
-87–93, which details Edison's "adventures" with copyright and patent.
-<a class="indexterm" name="id2777303"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777439" href="#id2777439" class="para">52</a>] </sup>
-
-
-J. A. Aberdeen, Hollywood Renegades: The Society of Independent Motion
-Picture Producers (Cobblestone Entertainment, 2000) and expanded texts
-posted at "The Edison Movie Monopoly: The Motion Picture Patents Company
-vs. the Independent Outlaws," available at <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #11</a>. For a discussion of
-the economic motive behind both these limits and the limits imposed by
-Victor on phonographs, see Randal C. Picker, "From Edison to the Broadcast
-Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and the Propertization of Copyright"
-(September 2002), University of Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program in
-Law and Economics, Working Paper No. 159. </p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777483" href="#id2777483" class="para">53</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Marc Wanamaker, "The First Studios," The Silents Majority, arkivert på
-<a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #12</a>.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777590" href="#id2777590" class="para">54</a>] </sup>
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright: Hearings on S. 6330
-and H.R. 19853 Before the ( Joint) Committees on Patents, 59th Cong. 59, 1st
-sess. (1906) (statement of Senator Alfred B. Kittredge, of South Dakota,
-chairman), reprinted in Legislative History of the Copyright Act, E. Fulton
-Brylawski and Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints,
-1976).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777610" href="#id2777610" class="para">55</a>] </sup>
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 223 (statement of
-Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777620" href="#id2777620" class="para">56</a>] </sup>
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 226 (statement of
-Nathan Burkan, attorney for the Music Publishers Association).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777632" href="#id2777632" class="para">57</a>] </sup>
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 23 (statement of
-John Philip Sousa, composer).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777649" href="#id2777649" class="para">58</a>] </sup>
-
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 283–84
-(statement of Albert Walker, representative of the Auto-Music Perforating
-Company of New York).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777655" href="#id2777655" class="para">59</a>] </sup>
-
-
-To Amend and Consolidate the Acts Respecting Copyright, 376 (prepared
-memorandum of Philip Mauro, general patent counsel of the American
-Graphophone Company Association).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777405" href="#id2777405" class="para">60</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and
-H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st sess.,
-217 (1908) (statement of Senator Reed Smoot, chairman), reprinted in
-Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act, E. Fulton Brylawski and Abe
-Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777788" href="#id2777788" class="para">61</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision: Report to Accompany H.R. 2512, House Committee on
-the Judiciary, 90th Cong., 1st sess., House Document no. 83, (8 March
-1967). I am grateful to Glenn Brown for drawing my attention to this report.</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777824" href="#id2777824" class="para">62</a>] </sup>
-
-See 17 United States Code, sections 106 and 110. At the beginning, record
-companies printed "Not Licensed for Radio Broadcast" and other messages
-purporting to restrict the ability to play a record on a radio station.
-Judge Learned Hand rejected the argument that a warning attached to a record
-might restrict the rights of the radio station. See RCA Manufacturing
-Co. v. Whiteman, 114 F. 2d 86 (2nd Cir. 1940). See also Randal C. Picker,
-"From Edison to the Broadcast Flag: Mechanisms of Consent and Refusal and
-the Propertization of Copyright," University of Chicago Law Review 70
-(2003): 281. <a class="indexterm" name="id2777837"></a> <a class="indexterm" name="id2777846"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777982" href="#id2777982" class="para">63</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV: Hearing on S. 1006 Before the
-Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Senate Committee
-on the Judiciary, 89th Cong., 2nd sess., 78 (1966) (statement of Rosel
-H. Hyde, chairman of the Federal Communications Commission).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2777998" href="#id2777998" class="para">64</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 116 (statement of Douglas A. Anello,
-general counsel of the National Association of Broadcasters).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778015" href="#id2778015" class="para">65</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 126 (statement of Ernest W. Jennes,
-general counsel of the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters, Inc.).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778039" href="#id2778039" class="para">66</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 169 (joint statement of Arthur B. Krim,
-president of United Artists Corp., and John Sinn, president of United
-Artists Television, Inc.).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778056" href="#id2778056" class="para">67</a>] </sup>
-
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 209 (vitnemål fra Charlton Heston,
-president i Screen Actors Guild).
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778083" href="#id2778083" class="para">68</a>] </sup>
-
-Copyright Law Revision—CATV, 216 (statement of Edwin M. Zimmerman,
-acting assistant attorney general). <a class="indexterm" name="id2778062"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778089" href="#id2778089" class="para">69</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See, for example, National Music Publisher's Association, The Engine of Free
-Expression: Copyright on the Internet—The Myth of Free Information,
-available at <a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link
-#13</a>. "The threat of piracy—the use of someone else's creative
-work without permission or compensation—has grown with the Internet."
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778145" href="#id2778145" class="para">70</a>] </sup>
-
-
-See IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), The
-Recording Industry Commercial Piracy Report 2003, July 2003, available at
-<a class="ulink" href="http://free-culture.cc/notes/" target="_top">link #14</a>. See also Ben
-Hunt, "Companies Warned on Music Piracy Risk," Financial Times, 14 February
-2003, 11.
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778279" href="#id2778279" class="para">71</a>] </sup>
-
-See Peter Drahos with John Braithwaite, Information Feudalism: Who Owns the
-Knowledge Economy? (New York: The New Press, 2003), 10–13, 209. The
-Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement
-obligates member nations to create administrative and enforcement mechanisms
-for intellectual property rights, a costly proposition for developing
-countries. Additionally, patent rights may lead to higher prices for staple
-industries such as agriculture. Critics of TRIPS question the disparity
-between burdens imposed upon developing countries and benefits conferred to
-industrialized nations. TRIPS does permit governments to use patents for
-public, noncommercial uses without first obtaining the patent holder's
-permission. Developing nations may be able to use this to gain the benefits
-of foreign patents at lower prices. This is a promising strategy for
-developing nations within the TRIPS framework. <a class="indexterm" name="id2777656"></a>
-</p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a name="ftn.id2778320" href="#id2778320" class="para">72</a>] </sup>