msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Free Culture by Lawrence Lessig\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-10 15:21+0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-08-10 22:06+0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-07-13 21:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <i18n-nb@lister.ping.uio.no>\n"
#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
msgid "en"
-msgstr "no"
+msgstr "nb"
#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
msgid "Free Culture"
"citetitle>, 24. november 2002. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law "
-#| "professor Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the \"if value, then right\" "
-#| "theory of creative property<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
-#| "—if there is value, then someone must have a right to that value. "
-#| "It is the perspective that led a composers' rights organization, ASCAP, "
-#| "to sue the Girl Scouts for failing to pay for the songs that girls sang "
-#| "around Girl Scout campfires.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
-#| "There was \"value\" (the songs) so there must have been a \"right\"—"
-#| "even against the Girl Scouts."
msgid ""
"This view runs deep within the current debates. It is what NYU law professor "
"Rochelle Dreyfuss criticizes as the <quote>if value, then right</quote> "
"quote>—even against the Girl Scouts."
msgstr ""
"Dette synet går dypt i de pågående debattene. Det er hva jussprofessor "
-"Rochelle Dreyfuss ved NYU kritiserer som <quote>hvis verdi, så "
-"rettighet<quote>-teorien for kreative eierrettigheter <placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>—hvis det finnes verdi, så må noen ha "
-"rettigheten til denne verdien. Det er perspektivet som fikk komponistenes "
-"rettighetsorganisasjon, ASCAP, til å saksøke jentespeiderne for å ikke "
-"betale for sangene som jentene sagt rundt jentespeidernes leirbål."
-"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Det fantes <quote>verdi<quote> "
-"(sangene), så det måtte ha vært en <quote>rettighet<quote>—til og med "
-"mot jentespeiderne."
+"Rochelle Dreyfuss ved NYU kritiserer som <quote>hvis verdi, så rettighet</"
+"quote>-teorien for kreative eierrettigheter <placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>—hvis det finnes verdi, så må noen ha rettigheten til denne "
+"verdien. Det er perspektivet som fikk komponistenes rettighetsorganisasjon, "
+"ASCAP, til å saksøke jentespeiderne for å ikke betale for sangene som "
+"jentene sagt rundt jentespeidernes leirbål.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
+"\"1\"/> Det fantes <quote>verdi</quote> (sangene), så det måtte ha vært en "
+"<quote>rettighet</quote>—til og med mot jentespeiderne."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><indexterm><primary>
msgid "ASCAP"
#. PAGE BREAK 32
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
-#| "should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
-#| "protecting creative property. But the \"if value, then right\" theory of "
-#| "creative property has never been America's theory of creative property. "
-#| "It has never taken hold within our law."
msgid ""
"This idea is certainly a possible understanding of how creative property "
"should work. It might well be a possible design for a system of law "
msgstr ""
"Denne idéen er helt klart en mulig forståelse om hvordan kreative "
"eierrettigheter bør virke. Det er helt klart et mulig design for et "
-"lovsystem som beskytter kreative eierrettigheter. Men teorien om \"hvis "
-"verdi, så rettighet\" for kreative eierrettigheter har aldri vært USAs teori "
-"for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot i vårt lovverk."
+"lovsystem som beskytter kreative eierrettigheter. Men teorien om "
+"<quote>hvis verdi, så rettighet</quote> for kreative eierrettigheter har "
+"aldri vært USAs teori for kreative eierrettigheter. It har aldri stått rot "
+"i vårt lovverk."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
msgid ""
"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of "
-#| "the law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of "
-#| "commercial creators but effectively that of anyone. Although that "
-#| "expansion would not matter much if copyright law regulated only \"copying,"
-#| "\" when the law regulates as broadly and obscurely as it does, the "
-#| "extension matters a lot. The burden of this law now vastly outweighs any "
-#| "original benefit—certainly as it affects noncommercial creativity, "
-#| "and increasingly as it affects commercial creativity as well. Thus, as "
-#| "we'll see more clearly in the chapters below, the law's role is less and "
-#| "less to support creativity, and more and more to protect certain "
-#| "industries against competition. Just at the time digital technology could "
-#| "unleash an extraordinary range of commercial and noncommercial "
-#| "creativity, the law burdens this creativity with insanely complex and "
-#| "vague rules and with the threat of obscenely severe penalties. We may be "
-#| "seeing, as Richard Florida writes, the \"Rise of the Creative Class."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Unfortunately, we are also "
-#| "seeing an extraordinary rise of regulation of this creative class."
msgid ""
"But with the birth of the Internet, this natural limit to the reach of the "
"law has disappeared. The law controls not just the creativity of commercial "
"lovens virkeområde. Loven kontrollerer ikke bare kreativiteten til "
"kommersielle skapere, men effektivt sett kreativiteten til alle. Selv om "
"utvidelsen ikke ville bety stort hvis opphavsrettsloven kun regulerte "
-"\"kopiering\", så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så bredt og "
-"obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt fordelene "
-"den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
+"<quote>kopiering</quote>, så betyr utvidelsen mye når loven regulerer så "
+"bredt og obskurt som den gjør. Byrden denne loven gir oppveier nå langt "
+"fordelene den ga da den ble vedtatt—helt klart slik den påvirker ikke-"
"kommersiell kreativitet, og i stadig større grad slik den påvirker "
"kommersiell kreativitet. Dermed, slik vi ser klarere i kapitlene som "
"følger, er lovens rolle mindre og mindre å støtte kreativitet, og mer og mer "
"digital teknologi kunne sluppet løs en ekstraordinær mengde med kommersiell "
"og ikke-kommersiell kreativitet, tynger loven denne kreativiteten med "
"sinnsykt kompliserte og vage regler og med trusselen om uanstendig harde "
-"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, \"Fremveksten av den "
-"kreative klasse\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Dessverre ser vi "
-"også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne kreative klassen."
+"straffer. Vi ser kanskje, som Richard Florida skriver, <quote>Fremveksten "
+"av den kreative klasse</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Dessverre ser vi også en ekstraordinær fremvekst av reguleringer av denne "
+"kreative klassen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
-#| "understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
-#| "context the current battles about behavior labeled \"piracy.\""
msgid ""
"These burdens make no sense in our tradition. We should begin by "
"understanding that tradition a bit more and by placing in their proper "
msgstr ""
"Disse byrdene gir ingen mening i vår tradisjon. Vi bør begynne med å forstå "
"den tradisjonen litt mer, og ved å plassere dagens slag om oppførsel med "
-"merkelappen \"piratvirksomhet\" i sin rette sammenheng."
+"merkelappen <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> i sin rette sammenheng."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
msgid "CHAPTER ONE: Creators"
msgstr "Iwerks, Ub"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, "
-#| "Ub Iwerks, put it more strongly: \"I have never been so thrilled in my "
-#| "life. Nothing since has ever equaled it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
-#| "\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Disney's then partner, and one of animation's most extraordinary talents, Ub "
"Iwerks, put it more strongly: <quote>I have never been so thrilled in my "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Disneys daværende partner, og en av animasjonsverdenens mest ekstraordinære "
-"talenter, Ub Iwerks, uttalte det sterkere: \"Jeg har aldri vært så "
-"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.\" "
-"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"talenter, Ub Iwerks, uttalte det sterkere: <quote>Jeg har aldri vært så "
+"begeistret i hele mitt liv. Ingenting annet har noen sinne vært like bra.</"
+"
quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. f2
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. According "
-#| "to Dave Smith of the Disney Archives, Disney paid royalties to use the "
-#| "music for five songs in <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: "
-#| "\"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers"
-#| "\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. 1\" (Baron), and \"Gawky Rube"
-#| "\" (Lakay). A sixth song, \"The Turkey in the Straw,\" was already in the "
-#| "public domain. Letter from David Smith to Harry Surden, 10 July 2003, on "
-#| "file with author."
msgid ""
"I am grateful to David Gerstein and his careful history, described at <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. According to Dave "
"beskrevet på <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #4</ulink>. "
"I følge Dave Smith ved the Disney Archives, betalte Disney for å bruke "
"musikken til fem sanger i <citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>: "
-"\"Steamboat Bill,\" \"The Simpleton\" (Delille), \"Mischief Makers"
-"\" (Carbonara), \"Joyful Hurry No. 1\" (Baron), og \"Gawky Rube\" (Lakay). "
-"En sjette sang, \"The Turkey in the Straw,\" var allerede allemannseie. "
-"Brev fra David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet "
-"til forfatteren."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's "
-#| "cartoon Steamboat Willie. The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. "
-#| "Steamboat Willie is a direct cartoon parody of Steamboat Bill,"
-#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> and both are built upon a "
-#| "common song as a source. It is not just from the invention of "
-#| "synchronized sound in <citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> that we get "
-#| "<citetitle>Steamboat Willie</citetitle>. It is also from Buster Keaton's "
-#| "invention of Steamboat Bill, Jr., itself inspired by the song \"Steamboat "
-#| "Bill,\" that we get Steamboat Willie, and then from Steamboat Willie, "
-#| "Mickey Mouse."
+"<quote>Steamboat Bill,</quote> <quote>The Simpleton</quote> (Delille), "
+"<quote>Mischief Makers</quote> (Carbonara), <quote>Joyful Hurry No. 1</"
+"quote> (Baron), og <quote>Gawky Rube</quote> (Lakay). En sjette sang, "
+"<quote>The Turkey in the Straw,</quote> var allerede allemannseie. Brev fra "
+"David Smith til Harry Surden, 10. juli 2003, tilgjenglig i arkivet til "
+"forfatteren."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"<citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. appeared before Disney's cartoon "
"Steamboat Willie. The coincidence of titles is not coincidental. Steamboat "
"som kilde. Det er ikke kun fra nyskapningen med synkronisert lyd i "
"<citetitle>The Jazz Singer</citetitle> at vi får <citetitle>Steamboat "
"Willie</citetitle>. Det er også fra Buster Keatons nyskapning Steamboat "
-"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen \"Steamboat Bill\", at vi får "
+"Bill, Jr., som igjen var inspirert av sangen <quote>Steamboat Bill</quote>, at vi får "
"Steamboat Willie. Og fra Steamboat Willie får vi så Mikke Mus."
#. f3
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse "
-#| "that Ate the Public Domain,\" Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
msgid ""
"He was also a fan of the public domain. See Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse "
"that Ate the Public Domain,</quote> Findlaw, 5 March 2002, at <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Han var også tilhenger av allmannseiet. Se Chris Sprigman, \"The Mouse that "
-"Ate the Public Domain,
\" Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
+"Han var også tilhenger av allmannseiet. Se Chris Sprigman, <quote>The Mouse that "
+"Ate the Public Domain,
</quote> Findlaw, 5. mars 2002, fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #5</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This \"borrowing\" was nothing unique, either for Disney or for the "
-#| "industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream films "
-#| "of his day.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> So did many others. "
-#| "Early cartoons are filled with knockoffs—slight variations on "
-#| "winning themes; retellings of ancient stories. The key to success was the "
-#| "brilliance of the differences. With Disney, it was sound that gave his "
-#| "animation its spark. Later, it was the quality of his work relative to "
-#| "the production-line cartoons with which he competed. Yet these additions "
-#| "were built upon a base that was borrowed. Disney added to the work of "
-#| "others before him, creating something new out of something just barely "
-#| "old."
msgid ""
"This <quote>borrowing</quote> was nothing unique, either for Disney or for "
"the industry. Disney was always parroting the feature-length mainstream "
"built upon a base that was borrowed. Disney added to the work of others "
"before him, creating something new out of something just barely old."
msgstr ""
-"Denne \"låningen\" var ikke unik, hverken for Disney eller for industrien. "
+"Denne <quote>låningen</quote> var ikke unik, hverken for Disney eller for industrien. "
"Disney apet alltid etter full-lengde massemarkedsfilmene rundt ham."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det samme gjorde mange andre. "
"Tidlige tegnefilmer er stappfulle av etterapninger—små variasjoner "
"denne blandingen inn i sjelen til sin kultur. Hente, blande og brenne."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember "
-#| "and celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity "
-#| "except this kind. We don't need to go that far to recognize its "
-#| "importance. We could call this \"Disney creativity,\" though that would "
-#| "be a bit misleading. It is, more precisely, \"Walt Disney creativity"
-#| "\"—a form of expression and genius that builds upon the culture "
-#| "around us and makes it something different."
msgid ""
"This is a kind of creativity. It is a creativity that we should remember and "
"celebrate. There are some who would say that there is no creativity except "
"Dette er en type kreativitet. Det er en kreativitet som vi bør huske på og "
"feire. Det er noen som vil si at det finnes ingen kreativitet bortsett fra "
"denne typen. Vi trenger ikke gå så langt for å anerkjenne dens betydning. "
-"Vi kan kalle dette \"Disney-kreativitet\", selv om det vil være litt "
-"misvisende. Det er mer presist \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\"—en "
+"Vi kan kalle dette <quote>Disney-kreativitet</quote>, selv om det vil være litt "
+"misvisende. Det er mer presist <quote>Walt Disney-kreativitet</quote>—en "
"uttrykksform og genialitet som bygger på kulturen rundt oss og omformer den "
"til noe annet."
#. f4
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: "
-#| "an initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the \"average\" "
-#| "term by determining the weighted average of total registrations for any "
-#| "particular year, and the proportion renewing. Thus, if 100 copyrights are "
-#| "registered in year 1, and only 15 are renewed, and the renewal term is 28 "
-#| "years, then the average term is 32.2 years. For the renewal data and "
-#| "other relevant data, see the Web site associated with this book, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Until 1976, copyright law granted an author the possibility of two terms: an "
"initial term and a renewal term. I have calculated the <quote>average</"
"at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Inntil 1976 ga opphavsrettsloven en forfatter to mulige verneperioder: en "
-"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet \"gjennomsnittlig"
-"\" vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale registreringer for "
+"initiell periode, og en fornyingsperiode. Jeg har beregnet <quote>gjennomsnittlig"
+"</quote> vernetid ved å finne vektet gjennomsnitt av de totale registreringer for "
"et gitt år, og andelen fornyinger. Hvis 100 opphavsretter ble registrert i "
"år 1, bare 15 av dem ble fornyet, og fornyingsvernetiden er 28 år, så er "
"gjennomsnittlig vernetid 32,2 år. Fornyingsdata og andre relevante data "
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #6</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively "
-#| "fresh. The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite "
-#| "vibrant. The average term of copyright was just around thirty years—"
-#| "for that minority of creative work that was in fact copyrighted."
-#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That means that for thirty "
-#| "years, on average, the authors or copyright holders of a creative work "
-#| "had an \"exclusive right\" to control certain uses of the work. To use "
-#| "this copyrighted work in limited ways required the permission of the "
-#| "copyright owner."
msgid ""
"In 1928, the culture that Disney was free to draw upon was relatively fresh. "
"The public domain in 1928 was not very old and was therefore quite vibrant. "
"år—for den lille delen av kreative verk som faktisk var "
"opphavsrettsbeskyttet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det betyr at "
"i tredve år, i gjennomsnitt, hadde forfattere eller kreative verks "
-"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en \"eksklusiv rett\" til a kontrollere bestemte "
+"opphavsrettighetsinnehaver en <quote>eksklusiv rett</quote> til a kontrollere bestemte "
"typer bruk av verket. For å bruke disse opphavsrettsbeskyttede verkene på "
"de begrensede måtene krevde tillatelse fra opphavsrettsinnehaveren."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain. No "
-#| "permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission "
-#| "and, hence, no lawyers. The public domain is a \"lawyer-free zone.\" "
-#| "Thus, most of the content from the nineteenth century was free for Disney "
-#| "to use and build upon in 1928. It was free for anyone— whether "
-#| "connected or not, whether rich or not, whether approved or not—to "
-#| "use and build upon."
msgid ""
"At the end of a copyright term, a work passes into the public domain. No "
"permission is then needed to draw upon or use that work. No permission and, "
"Når opphavsrettens vernetid er over, faller et verk i det fri og blir "
"allemannseie. Ingen tillatelse trengs da for å bygge på eller bruke dette "
"verket. Ingen tillatelse og dermed, ingen advokater. Allemannseie er en "
-"\"advokat-fri sone\". Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
+"<quote>advokat-fri sone</quote>. Det meste av innhold fra det nittende århundre var "
"dermed fritt tilgjengelig for Disney å bruke eller bygge på i 1928. Det var "
"tilgjengelig for enhver—uansett om de hadde forbindelser eller ikke, "
"om de var rik eller ikke, om de var akseptert eller ikke—til å bruke "
"innhold fra før mellomkrigstiden."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on \"Walt Disney creativity.\" Nor "
-#| "does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and except "
-#| "within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite universal."
msgid ""
"Of course, Walt Disney had no monopoly on <quote>Walt Disney creativity.</"
"quote> Nor does America. The norm of free culture has, until recently, and "
"except within totalitarian nations, been broadly exploited and quite "
"universal."
msgstr ""
-"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på \"Walt Disney-kreativitet\". "
+"Walt Disney hadde selvfølgelig ikke monopol på <quote>Walt Disney-kreativitet</quote>. "
"Det har heller ikke USA. Normen med fri kultur har, inntil nylig, og "
"unntatt i totalitære nasjoner, vært bredt utnyttet og svært universell."
"transport."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
-#| "unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
-#| "about manga, because few of us have ever read anything close to the "
-#| "stories that these \"graphic novels\" tell. For the Japanese, manga cover "
-#| "every aspect of social life. For us, comics are \"men in tights.\" And "
-#| "anyway, it's not as if the New York subways are filled with readers of "
-#| "Joyce or even Hemingway. People of different cultures distract themselves "
-#| "in different ways, the Japanese in this interestingly different way."
msgid ""
"Americans tend to look down upon this form of culture. That's an "
"unattractive characteristic of ours. We're likely to misunderstand much "
"Amerikanere har en tendens til å se ned på denne formen for kultur. Det er "
"et lite attraktivt kjennetegn hos oss. Vi misforstår sannsynligvis mye "
"rundt manga, på grunn av at få av oss noen gang har lest noe som ligner på "
-"historiene i disse \"grafiske historiene\" forteller. For en japaner dekker "
-"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier \"menn i "
-"strømpebukser\". Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
+"historiene i disse <quote>grafiske historiene</quote> forteller. For en japaner dekker "
+"manga ethvert aspekt ved det sosiale liv. For oss er tegneserier <quote>menn i "
+"strømpebukser</quote>. Og uansett er det ikke slik at T-banen i New York er full "
"av folk som leser Joyse eller Hemingway for den saks skyld. Folk i ulike "
"kulturer skiller seg ut på forskjellig måter, og japanerne på dette "
"interessante viset."
#. PAGE BREAK 39
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
-#| "also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs "
-#| "the creation of doujinshi. It is not doujinshi if it is <emphasis>just</"
-#| "emphasis> a copy; the artist must make a contribution to the art he "
-#| "copies, by transforming it either subtly or significantly. A doujinshi "
-#| "comic can thus take a mainstream comic and develop it differently—"
-#| "with a different story line. Or the comic can keep the character in "
-#| "character but change its look slightly. There is no formula for what "
-#| "makes the doujinshi sufficiently \"different.\" But they must be "
-#| "different if they are to be considered true doujinshi. Indeed, there are "
-#| "committees that review doujinshi for inclusion within shows and reject "
-#| "any copycat comic that is merely a copy."
msgid ""
"This is the phenomenon of <citetitle>doujinshi</citetitle>. Doujinshi are "
"also comics, but they are a kind of copycat comic. A rich ethic governs the "
"tegneserie kan dermed ta en massemarkeds-tegneserie og utvikle den i en "
"annen retning—med en annen historie-linje. Eller tegneserien kan "
"beholde figuren som seg selv men endre litt på utseendet. Det er ingen "
-"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig \"forskjellig\". "
+"bestemt formel for hva som gjør en doujinshi tilstrekkelig <quote>forskjellig</quote>. "
"Men de må være forskjellige hvis de skal anses som ekte doujinshi. Det er "
"faktisk komiteer som går igjennom doujinshi for å bli med på messer, og "
"avviser etterapninger som bare er en kopi."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are "
-#| "huge. More than 33,000 \"circles\" of creators from across Japan produce "
-#| "these bits of Walt Disney creativity. More than 450,000 Japanese come "
-#| "together twice a year, in the largest public gathering in the country, to "
-#| "exchange and sell them. This market exists in parallel to the mainstream "
-#| "commercial manga market. In some ways, it obviously competes with that "
-#| "market, but there is no sustained effort by those who control the "
-#| "commercial manga market to shut the doujinshi market down. It flourishes, "
-#| "despite the competition and despite the law."
msgid ""
"These copycat comics are not a tiny part of the manga market. They are huge. "
"More than 33,000 <quote>circles</quote> of creators from across Japan "
"competition and despite the law."
msgstr ""
"Disse etterapings-tegneseriene er ikke en liten del av manga-markedet. Det "
-"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 \"sirkler\" av skapere over hele Japan som "
+"er enorme. Mer en 33 000 <quote>sirkler</quote> av skapere over hele Japan som "
"produserer disse bitene av Walt Disney-kreativitet. Mer en 450 000 japanere "
"samles to ganger i året, i den største offentlige samlingen i langet, for å "
"bytte og selge dem. Dette markedet er parallelt med det kommersielle "
"på tross av konkurransen og til tross for loven."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in "
-#| "the law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
-#| "copyright law, which in this respect (on paper) mirrors American "
-#| "copyright law, the doujinshi market is an illegal one. Doujinshi are "
-#| "plainly \"derivative works.\" There is no general practice by doujinshi "
-#| "artists of securing the permission of the manga creators. Instead, the "
-#| "practice is simply to take and modify the creations of others, as Walt "
-#| "Disney did with <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. Under both "
-#| "Japanese and American law, that \"taking\" without the permission of the "
-#| "original copyright owner is illegal. It is an infringement of the "
-#| "original copyright to make a copy or a derivative work without the "
-#| "original copyright owner's permission."
msgid ""
"The most puzzling feature of the doujinshi market, for those trained in the "
"law, at least, is that it is allowed to exist at all. Under Japanese "
"juridisk trening i hvert fall, er at det overhodet tillates å eksistere. "
"Under japansk opphavsrettslov, som i hvert fall på dette området (på "
"papiret) speiler USAs opphavsrettslov, er doujinshi-markedet ulovlig. "
-"Doujinshi er helt klart \"avledede verk\". Det er ingen generell praksis "
+"Doujinshi er helt klart <quote>avledede verk</quote>. Det er ingen generell praksis "
"hos doujinshi-kunstnere for å sikre seg tillatelse hos manga-skaperne. I "
"stedet er praksisen ganske enkelt å ta og endre det andre har laget, slik "
"Walt Disney gjorde med <citetitle>Steamboat Bill, Jr</citetitle>. For både "
-"japansk og USAs lov, er å \"ta\" uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
+"japansk og USAs lov, er å <quote>ta</quote> uten tillatelse fra den opprinnelige "
"opphavsrettsinnehaver ulovlig. Det er et brudd på opphavsretten til det "
"opprinnelige verket å lage en kopi eller et avledet verk uten tillatelse fra "
"den opprinnelige rettighetsinnehaveren."
"citetitle> (New York: Perennial, 2000)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
-#| "view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
-#| "flourish. As American graphic novelist Judd Winick said to me, \"The "
-#| "early days of comics in America are very much like what's going on in "
-#| "Japan now. … American comics were born out of copying each other. "
-#| "… That's how [the artists] learn to draw—by going into comic "
-#| "books and not tracing them, but looking at them and copying them\" and "
-#| "building from them.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Yet this illegal market exists and indeed flourishes in Japan, and in the "
"view of many, it is precisely because it exists that Japanese manga "
msgstr ""
"Likevel eksisterer dette illegale markedet og faktisk blomstrer i Japan, og "
"etter manges syn er det nettopp fordi det eksisterer at japansk manga "
-"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, \"I "
+"blomstrer. Som USAs tegneserieskaper Judd Winick fortalte meg, <quote>I "
"amerikansk tegneseriers første dager var det ganske likt det som foregår i "
"Japan i dag. … Amerikanske tegneserier kom til verden ved å kopiere "
"hverandre. … Det er slik [kunstnerne] lærer å tegne—ved å se i "
-"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem\" "
+"tegneseriebøker og ikke følge streken, men ved å se på dem og kopiere dem</quote> "
"og bygge basert på dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because "
-#| "of the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
-#| "Speaking of Superman, Winick told me, \"there are these rules and you "
-#| "have to stick to them.\" There are things Superman \"cannot\" do. \"As a "
-#| "creator, it's frustrating having to stick to some parameters which are "
-#| "fifty years old.\""
msgid ""
"American comics now are quite different, Winick explains, in part because of "
"the legal difficulty of adapting comics the way doujinshi are allowed. "
msgstr ""
"Amerikanske tegneserier nå er ganske annerledes, forklarer Winick, delvis på "
"grunn av de juridiske problemene med å tilpasse tegneserier slik doujinshi "
-"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, \"er det en "
-"rekke regler, og du må følge dem\". Det er ting som Supermann \"ikke kan\" "
-"gjøre. \"For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
-"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.\""
+"får lov til. Med for eksempel Supermann, fortalte Winick meg, <quote>er det en "
+"rekke regler, og du må følge dem</quote>. Det er ting som Supermann <quote>ikke kan</quote> "
+"gjøre. <quote>For en som lager tegneserier er det frustrerende å måtte begrense "
+"seg til noen parameter som er femti år gamle.</quote>"
#. f6
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why "
-#| "All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers "
-#| "Law Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"[T]here might be a "
-#| "collective economic rationality that would lead manga and anime artists "
-#| "to forgo bringing legal actions for infringement. One hypothesis is that "
-#| "all manga artists may be better off collectively if they set aside their "
-#| "individual self-interest and decide not to press their legal rights. This "
-#| "is essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.\""
msgid ""
"See Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain "
"Why All the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> "
"set aside their individual self-interest and decide not to press their legal "
"rights. This is essentially a prisoner's dilemma solved.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Salil K. Mehra, \"Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
-"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?\" <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
-"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. \"det kan være en kollektiv "
+"Se Salil K. Mehra, <quote>Copyright and Comics in Japan: Does Law Explain Why All "
+"the Comics My Kid Watches Are Japanese Imports?</quote> <citetitle>Rutgers Law "
+"Review</citetitle> 55 (2002): 155, 182. <quote>det kan være en kollektiv "
"økonomisk rasjonalitet som får manga- og anime-kunstnere til ikke å saksøke "
"for opphavsrettsbrudd. Én hypotese er at alle manga-kunstnere kan være bedre "
"stilt hvis de setter sin individuelle egeninteresse til side og bestemmer "
"seg for ikke å forfølge sine juridiske rettigheter. Dette er essensielt en "
-"løsning på fangens dilemma.\""
+"løsning på fangens dilemma.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"bannlyser ikke doujinshi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is "
-#| "that the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It "
-#| "may well be that the market as a whole is better off if doujinshi are "
-#| "permitted rather than banned, but that doesn't explain why individual "
-#| "copyright owners don't sue nonetheless. If the law has no general "
-#| "exception for doujinshi, and indeed in some cases individual manga "
-#| "artists have sued doujinshi artists, why is there not a more general "
-#| "pattern of blocking this \"free taking\" by the doujinshi culture?"
msgid ""
"The problem with this story, however, as Mehra plainly acknowledges, is that "
"the mechanism producing this laissez faire response is not clear. It may "
"<quote>free taking</quote> by the doujinshi culture?"
msgstr ""
"Problemet med denne historien, derimot, og som Mehra helt klart erkjenner, "
-"er at mekanismen som produserer denne \"hold hendene borte\"-responsen ikke "
+"er at mekanismen som produserer denne <quote>hold hendene borte</quote>-responsen ikke "
"er forstått. Det kan godt være at markedet som helhet gjør det bedre hvis "
"doujinshi tillates i stedet for å bannlyse den, men det forklarer likevel "
"ikke hvorfor individuelle opphavsrettsinnehavere ikke saksøker. Hvis loven "
"ikke har et generelt unntak for doujinshi, og det finnes faktisk noen "
"tilfeller der individuelle manga-kunstnere har saksøkt doujinshi-kunstnere, "
-"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne \"frie "
-"takingen\" hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
+"hvorfor er det ikke et mer generelt mønster for å blokkere denne <quote>frie "
+"takingen</quote> hos doujinshi-kulturen?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as "
-#| "often as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a "
-#| "friend from a major Japanese law firm. \"We don't have enough lawyers,\" "
-#| "he told me one afternoon. There \"just aren't enough resources to "
-#| "prosecute cases like this.\""
msgid ""
"I spent four wonderful months in Japan, and I asked this question as often "
"as I could. Perhaps the best account in the end was offered by a friend from "
msgstr ""
"Jeg var fire nydelige måneder i Japan, og jeg stilte dette spørsmål så ofte "
"som jeg kunne. Kanskje det beste svaret til slutt kom fra en venn i et "
-"større japansk advokatfirma. \"Vi har ikke nok advokater\", fortalte han meg "
-"en ettermiddag. Det er \"bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
-"som dette\"."
+"større japansk advokatfirma. <quote>Vi har ikke nok advokater</quote>, fortalte han meg "
+"en ettermiddag. Det er <quote>bare ikke nok ressurser til å tiltale tilfeller "
+"som dette</quote>."
#. PAGE BREAK 41
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgstr "Vaidhyanathan, Siva"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term <citetitle>intellectual property</citetitle> is of relatively "
-#| "recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
-#| "Copywrongs</citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). "
-#| "See also Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New "
-#| "York: Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. The term accurately describes a set "
-#| "of \"property\" rights—copyright, patents, trademark, and trade-"
-#| "secret—but the nature of those rights is very different. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"The term <citetitle>intellectual property</citetitle> is of relatively "
"recent origin. See Siva Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and Copywrongs</"
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 11 (New York: New York University Press, 2001). Se "
"også Lawrence Lessig, <citetitle>The Future of Ideas</citetitle> (New York: "
"Random House, 2001), 293 n. 26. Begrepet presist beskriver et sett med "
-"\"eiendoms\"-rettigheter—opphavsretter, patenter, varemerker og "
+"<quote>eiendoms</quote>-rettigheter—opphavsretter, patenter, varemerker og "
"forretningshemmeligheter—men egenskapene til disse rettighetene er "
"svært forskjellige.<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We live in a world that celebrates \"property.\" I am one of those "
-#| "celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
-#| "believe in the value of that weird form of property that lawyers call "
-#| "\"intellectual property.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> A "
-#| "large, diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, diverse, "
-#| "and modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgid ""
"We live in a world that celebrates <quote>property.</quote> I am one of "
"those celebrants. I believe in the value of property in general, and I also "
"> A large, diverse society cannot survive without property; a large, "
"diverse, and modern society cannot flourish without intellectual property."
msgstr ""
-"Vi lever i en verden som feirer \"eiendom\". Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
+"Vi lever i en verden som feirer <quote>eiendom</quote>. Jeg er en av de som feierer. "
"Jeg tror på verdien av eiendom generelt, og jeg tror også på verdien av den "
-"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller \"immateriell eiendom\"."
+"sære formen for eiendom som advokater kaller <quote>immateriell eiendom</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Et stort og variert samfunn kan "
"ikke overleve uten eiendom, og et moderne samfunn kan ikke blomstre uten "
"immaterielle eierrettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty "
-#| "of value out there that \"property\" doesn't capture. I don't mean "
-#| "\"money can't buy you love,\" but rather, value that is plainly part of a "
-#| "process of production, including commercial as well as noncommercial "
-#| "production. If Disney animators had stolen a set of pencils to draw "
-#| "Steamboat Willie, we'd have no hesitation in condemning that taking as "
-#| "wrong— even though trivial, even if unnoticed. Yet there was "
-#| "nothing wrong, at least under the law of the day, with Disney's taking "
-#| "from Buster Keaton or from the Brothers Grimm. There was nothing wrong "
-#| "with the taking from Keaton because Disney's use would have been "
-#| "considered \"fair.\" There was nothing wrong with the taking from the "
-#| "Grimms because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
msgid ""
"But it takes just a second's reflection to realize that there is plenty of "
"value out there that <quote>property</quote> doesn't capture. I don't mean "
"because the Grimms' work was in the public domain."
msgstr ""
"Men det tar bare noen sekunders refleksjon for å innse at det er masse av "
-"verdi der ute som \"eiendom\" ikke dekker. Jeg mener ikke \"kjærlighet kan "
-"ikke kjøpes med penger\" men heller, at en verdi som ganske enkelt er del av "
+"verdi der ute som <quote>eiendom</quote> ikke dekker. Jeg mener ikke <quote>kjærlighet kan "
+"ikke kjøpes med penger</quote> men heller, at en verdi som ganske enkelt er del av "
"produksjonsprosessen, både for kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell produksjon. "
"Hvis Disneys animatører hadde stjålet et sett med blyanter for å tegne "
"Steamboat Willie, vi ville ikke nølt med å dømme det som galt—selv om "
"det er trivielt og selv om det ikke blir oppdaget. Men det var intet galt, "
"i hvert fall slik loven var da, med at Disney tok fra Buster Keaton eller "
"fra Grimm-brødrene. Det var intet galt med å ta fra Keaton, fordi Disneys "
-"bruk ville blitt ansett som \"rimelig\". Det var intet galt med å ta fra "
+"bruk ville blitt ansett som <quote>rimelig</quote>. Det var intet galt med å ta fra "
"brødrene Grimm fordi deres verker var allemannseie."
#. PAGE BREAK 42
"i enhver form, uansett hvor stort eller lite som blir tatt."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say "
-#| "that the copycat comic artists are \"stealing.\" This form of Walt Disney "
-#| "creativity is seen as fair and right, even if lawyers in particular find "
-#| "it hard to say why."
msgid ""
"Yet there is an obvious reluctance, even among Japanese lawyers, to say that "
"the copycat comic artists are <quote>stealing.</quote> This form of Walt "
"find it hard to say why."
msgstr ""
"Likevel er det en åpenbar motvilje, selv blant japanske advokater, for å si "
-"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere \"stjeler\". Denne formen for Walt "
+"at etterapende tegneseriekunstnere <quote>stjeler</quote>. Denne formen for Walt "
"Disney-kreativitet anses som rimelig og riktig, selv om spesielt advokater "
"synes det er vanskelig å forklare hvorfor."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you "
-#| "begin to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without "
-#| "asking or paying for the privilege. (\"Excuse me, Professor Einstein, but "
-#| "may I have permission to use your theory of relativity to show that you "
-#| "were wrong about quantum physics?\") Acting companies perform adaptations "
-#| "of the works of Shakespeare without securing permission from anyone. "
-#| "(Does <emphasis>anyone</emphasis> believe Shakespeare would be better "
-#| "spread within our culture if there were a central Shakespeare rights "
-#| "clearinghouse that all productions of Shakespeare must appeal to first?) "
-#| "And Hollywood goes through cycles with a certain kind of movie: five "
-#| "asteroid films in the late 1990s; two volcano disaster films in 1997."
msgid ""
"It's the same with a thousand examples that appear everywhere once you begin "
"to look. Scientists build upon the work of other scientists without asking "
msgstr ""
"Det er det same med tusen eksempler som dukker opp over alt med en gang en "
"begynner å se etter dem. Forskerne bygger på arbeidet til andre forskere "
-"uten å spørre eller betale for privilegiet. (\"Unnskyld meg, professor "
+"uten å spørre eller betale for privilegiet. (<quote>Unnskyld meg, professor "
"Einstein, men kan jeg få tillatelse til å bruke din relativitetsteori til å "
-"vise at du tok feil om kvantefysikk?\") Teatertropper viser frem "
+"vise at du tok feil om kvantefysikk?</quote>) Teatertropper viser frem "
"bearbeidelser av verkene til Shakespeare uten å sikre seg noen tillatelser. "
"(Er det <emphasis>noen</emphasis> som tror at Shakespeare ville vært mer "
"spredt i vår kultur om det var et sentralt rettighetsklareringskontor for "
"samfunn."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture "
-#| "is free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead "
-#| "is \"<emphasis>How</emphasis> free is this culture?\" How much, and how "
-#| "broadly, is the culture free for others to take and build upon? Is that "
-#| "freedom limited to party members? To members of the royal family? To the "
-#| "top ten corporations on the New York Stock Exchange? Or is that freedom "
-#| "spread broadly? To artists generally, whether affiliated with the Met or "
-#| "not? To musicians generally, whether white or not? To filmmakers "
-#| "generally, whether affiliated with a studio or not?"
msgid ""
"The hard question is therefore not <emphasis>whether</emphasis> a culture is "
"free. All cultures are free to some degree. The hard question instead is "
msgstr ""
"Det vanskelige spørsmålet er derfor ikke <emphasis>om</emphasis> en kultur "
"er fri. Alle kulturer er frie til en viss grad. Det vanskelige spørsmålet "
-"er i stedet \"<emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen er?\" Hvor mye "
+"er i stedet <quote><emphasis>hvor</emphasis> fri er denne kulturen er?</quote> Hvor mye "
"og hvor bredt, er kulturen fritt tilgjengelig for andre å ta, og bygge på? "
"Er den friheten begrenset til partimedlemmer? Til medlemmer av "
"kongefamilien? Til de ti største selskapene på New York-børsen? Eller er "
msgstr "Daguerre, Louis"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
-#| "producing what we would call \"photographs.\" Appropriately enough, they "
-#| "were called \"daguerreotypes.\" The process was complicated and "
-#| "expensive, and the field was thus limited to professionals and a few "
-#| "zealous and wealthy amateurs. (There was even an American Daguerre "
-#| "Association that helped regulate the industry, as do all such "
-#| "associations, by keeping competition down so as to keep prices up.) "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"In 1839, Louis Daguerre invented the first practical technology for "
"producing what we would call <quote>photographs.</quote> Appropriately "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"I 1839 fant Louis Daguerre opp den første praktiske teknologien for å "
-"produsere det vi ville kalle \"fotografier\". Rimelig nok ble de kalt "
-"\"daguerreotyper\". Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var "
+"produsere det vi ville kalle <quote>fotografier</quote>. Rimelig nok ble de kalt "
+"<quote>daguerreotyper</quote>. Prosessen var komplisert og kostbar, og feltet var "
"dermed begrenset til profesjonelle og noen få ivrige og velstående "
"amatører. (Det var til og med en amerikansk Daguerre-forening som hjalp til "
"med å regulere industrien, slik alle slike foreninger gjør, ved å holde "
msgstr "Talbot, William"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
-#| "pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make \"automatic "
-#| "pictures.\" William Talbot soon discovered a process for making "
-#| "\"negatives.\" But because the negatives were glass, and had to be kept "
-#| "wet, the process still remained expensive and cumbersome. In the 1870s, "
-#| "dry plates were developed, making it easier to separate the taking of a "
-#| "picture from its developing. These were still plates of glass, and thus "
-#| "it was still not a process within reach of most amateurs. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Yet despite high prices, the demand for daguerreotypes was strong. This "
"pushed inventors to find simpler and cheaper ways to make <quote>automatic "
msgstr ""
"Men til tross for høye priser var etterspørselen etter daguerreotyper "
"sterk. Dette inspirerte oppfinnere til å finne enklere og billigere måter å "
-"lage \"automatiske bilder\". William Talbot oppdaget snart en prosess for å "
-"lage \"negativer\". Men da negativene var av glass, og måtte holdes "
+"lage <quote>automatiske bilder</quote>. William Talbot oppdaget snart en prosess for å "
+"lage <quote>negativer</quote>. Men da negativene var av glass, og måtte holdes "
"fuktige, forble prosessen kostbar og tung. På 1870-tallet ble tørrplater "
"utviklet, noe som gjorde det enklere å skille det å ta et bilde fra å "
"fremkalle det. Det var fortsatt plater av glass, og dermed var det fortsatt "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls "
-#| "of it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the "
-#| "basis of its simplicity. \"You press the button and we do the rest."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As he described in "
-#| "<citetitle>The Kodak Primer</citetitle>: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
-#| "id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"Eastman developed flexible, emulsion-coated paper film and placed rolls of "
"it in small, simple cameras: the Kodak. The device was marketed on the basis "
msgstr ""
"Eastman utviklet bøyelig, emulsjons-belagt papirfilm og plasserte ruller med "
"dette i små, enkle kameraer: Kodaken. Enheten ble markedsfør med grunnlag "
-"dens enkelhet.
\"Du trykker på knappen og vi fikser resten.\"<placeholder "
+"dens enkelhet.
<quote>Du trykker på knappen og vi fikser resten.</quote><placeholder "
"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Som han beskrev det i <citetitle>The Kodak "
"Primer</citetitle>: <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr "Coe, 58."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. "
-#| "It was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of "
-#| "places they would never otherwise see. Amateur photography gave them the "
-#| "ability to record their own lives in a way they had never been able to do "
-#| "before. As author Brian Coe notes, \"For the first time the snapshot "
-#| "album provided the man on the street with a permanent record of his "
-#| "family and its activities. … For the first time in history there "
-#| "exists an authentic visual record of the appearance and activities of the "
-#| "common man made without [literary] interpretation or bias.\"<placeholder "
-#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"The real significance of Eastman's invention, however, was not economic. It "
"was social. Professional photography gave individuals a glimpse of places "
"økonomisk. Den var sosial. Profesjonell fotografering ga individer et "
"glimt av steder de ellers aldri ville se. Amatørfotografering ga dem "
"muligheten til å arkivere deres liv på en måte som de aldri hadde vært i "
-"stand til tidligere. Som forfatter Brian Coe skriver, \"For første gang "
+"stand til tidligere. Som forfatter Brian Coe skriver, <quote>For første gang "
"tilbød fotoalbumet mannen i gata et permanent arkiv over hans familie og "
"dens aktiviteter. … For første gang i historien fantes det en "
"autentisk visuell oppføring av utseende og aktivitet til vanlige mennesker "
-"laget uten [skrivefør] tolkning eller forutinntatthet.
\"<placeholder type="
+"laget uten [skrivefør] tolkning eller forutinntatthet.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression. "
-#| "The pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. "
-#| "But it took years of training before they could be deployed by amateurs "
-#| "in any useful or effective way. With the Kodak, expression was possible "
-#| "much sooner and more simply. The barrier to expression was lowered. Snobs "
-#| "would sneer at its \"quality\"; professionals would discount it as "
-#| "irrelevant. But watch a child study how best to frame a picture and you "
-#| "get a sense of the experience of creativity that the Kodak enabled. "
-#| "Democratic tools gave ordinary people a way to express themselves more "
-#| "easily than any tools could have before."
msgid ""
"In this way, the Kodak camera and film were technologies of expression. The "
"pencil or paintbrush was also a technology of expression, of course. But it "
"malepenselen var selvfølgelig også en uttrykksteknologi. Men det tok årevis "
"med trening før de kunne bli brukt nyttig og effektiv av amatører. Med "
"Kodaken var uttrykk mulig mye raskere og enklere. Barrièren for å uttrykke "
-"seg var senket. Snobber ville fnyse over \"kvaliteten\", profesjonelle "
+"seg var senket. Snobber ville fnyse over <quote>kvaliteten</quote>, profesjonelle "
"ville avvise den som irrelevant. Men se et barn studere hvordan best velge "
"bildemotiv og du får følelsen av hva slags kreativitetserfaring som Kodaken "
"muliggjorde. Demokratiske verktøy ga vanlige folk en måte å uttrykke dem "
#. PAGE BREAK 47
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
-#| "familiar. The photographer was \"taking\" something from the person or "
-#| "building whose photograph he shot—pirating something of value. Some "
-#| "even thought he was taking the target's soul. Just as Disney was not free "
-#| "to take the pencils that his animators used to draw Mickey, so, too, "
-#| "should these photographers not be free to take images that they thought "
-#| "valuable."
msgid ""
"The arguments in favor of requiring permission will sound surprisingly "
"familiar. The photographer was <quote>taking</quote> something from the "
"valuable."
msgstr ""
"Argumentene til fordel for å kreve tillatelser vil høres overraskende kjent "
-"ut. Fotografen \"tok\" noe fra personen eller bygningen som ble "
+"ut. Fotografen <quote>tok</quote> noe fra personen eller bygningen som ble "
"fotografert—røvet til seg noe av verdi. Noen trodde til og med at han "
"tok målets sjel. På samme måte som Disney ikke var fri til å ta blyantene "
"som hans animatører brukte til å tegne Mikke, så skulle heller ikke disse "
msgstr "Warren, Samuel D."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Samuel D. Warren og Louis D. Brandeis, \"The Right to Privacy,\" "
+"Samuel D. Warren og Louis D. Brandeis, <quote>The Right to Privacy</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Harvard Law Review</citetitle> 4 (1890): 193. <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. f8
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
-#| "Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "
-#| "\"Privacy,\" <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
-#| "398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Samsung "
-#| "Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), "
-#| "cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
msgid ""
"See Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William "
"<citetitle>Samsung Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 "
"(9th Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
msgstr ""
-"Se Melville B. Nimmer, \"The Right of Publicity,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Se Melville B. Nimmer, <quote>The Right of Publicity</quote>, <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 19 (1954): 203; William L. Prosser, "
-"\"Privacy,\" <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
+"<quote>Privacy</quote>, <citetitle>California Law Review</citetitle> 48 (1960) "
"398–407; <citetitle>White</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Samsung "
"Electronics America, Inc</citetitle>., 971 F. 2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992), "
"sert. nektet, 508 U.S. 951 (1993)."
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>)"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the "
-#| "law gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the "
-#| "photographer, then the photographer would have had to demonstrate "
-#| "permission. Perhaps Eastman Kodak would have had to demonstrate "
-#| "permission, too, before it developed the film upon which images were "
-#| "captured. After all, if permission were not granted, then Eastman Kodak "
-#| "would be benefiting from the \"theft\" committed by the photographer. "
-#| "Just as Napster benefited from the copyright infringements committed by "
-#| "Napster users, Kodak would be benefiting from the \"image-right\" "
-#| "infringement of its photographers. We could imagine the law then "
-#| "requiring that some form of permission be demonstrated before a company "
-#| "developed pictures. We could imagine a system developing to demonstrate "
-#| "that permission."
msgid ""
"We can only speculate about how photography would have developed had the law "
"gone the other way. If the presumption had been against the photographer, "
"ville fotografen måttet dokumentere at tillatelse var på plass. Kanskje "
"Eastman Kodak også måtte ha dokumentert at tillatelse var gitt, før de "
"utviklet filmen som bildene ble fanget på. Tross alt, hvis tillatelse ikke "
-"var gitt, da ville Eastman Kodak ha nytt fordeler fra \"tyveriet\" begått av "
+"var gitt, da ville Eastman Kodak ha nytt fordeler fra <quote>tyveriet</quote> begått av "
"fotografer. På samme måte som Napster nøt fordeler fra opphavsrettsbrudd "
-"utført av Napster-brukere, så ville Kodak nytt fordeler fra \"bilde-"
-"rettighets\"-brudd til deres fotografer. Vi kan forestille oss at loven da "
+"utført av Napster-brukere, så ville Kodak nytt fordeler fra <quote>bilde-"
+"rettighets</quote>-brudd til deres fotografer. Vi kan forestille oss at loven da "
"krevede at en form for tillatelse ble vist frem før et selskap fremkalte "
"bildene. Vi kan forestille oss et system bli utviklet for å legge frem "
"slike tillatelser."
#. PAGE BREAK 48
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very "
-#| "hard to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the "
-#| "requirement for permission had been built into the rules that govern it. "
-#| "Photography would have existed. It would have grown in importance over "
-#| "time. Professionals would have continued to use the technology as they "
-#| "did—since professionals could have more easily borne the burdens of "
-#| "the permission system. But the spread of photography to ordinary people "
-#| "would not have occurred. Nothing like that growth would have been "
-#| "realized. And certainly, nothing like that growth in a democratic "
-#| "technology of expression would have been realized. If you drive through "
-#| "San Francisco's Presidio, you might see two gaudy yellow school buses "
-#| "painted over with colorful and striking images, and the logo \"Just Think!"
-#| "\" in place of the name of a school. But there's little that's \"just\" "
-#| "cerebral in the projects that these busses enable. These buses are "
-#| "filled with technologies that teach kids to tinker with film. Not the "
-#| "film of Eastman. Not even the film of your VCR. Rather the \"film\" of "
-#| "digital cameras. Just Think! is a project that enables kids to make "
-#| "films, as a way to understand and critique the filmed culture that they "
-#| "find all around them. Each year, these busses travel to more than thirty "
-#| "schools and enable three hundred to five hundred children to learn "
-#| "something about media by doing something with media. By doing, they "
-#| "think. By tinkering, they learn."
msgid ""
"But though we could imagine this system of permission, it would be very hard "
"to see how photography could have flourished as it did if the requirement "
"ville uten tvil aldri vært realisert en slik vekst i demokratisk "
"uttrykksteknologi. Hvis du kjører gjennom området Presidio i San Francisco, "
"kan det hende du ser to gusjegule skolebusser overmalt med fargefulle og "
-"iøynefallende bilder, og logoen \"Just Think!\" i stedet for navnet på en "
-"skole. Men det er lite som er \"bare\" mentalt i prosjektene som disse "
+"iøynefallende bilder, og logoen <quote>Just Think!</quote> i stedet for navnet på en "
+"skole. Men det er lite som er <quote>bare</quote> mentalt i prosjektene som disse "
"bussene muliggjør. Disse bussene er fylt med teknologi som lærer unger å "
"fikle med film. Ikke filmen til Eastman. Ikke en gang filmen i din "
-"videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om \"filmen\" til digitale kamera. "
+"videospiller. I stedet er det snakk om <quote>filmen</quote> til digitale kamera. "
"Just Think! er et prosjekt som gjør det mulig for unger å lage filmer, som "
"en måte å forstå og kritisere den filmede kulturen som de finner over alt "
"rundt seg. Hvert år besøker disse bussene mer enn tredve skoler og gir "
#. f9
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
-#| "You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, February "
-#| "2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and "
"Software You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> "
"cadalyst, February 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #7</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"H. Edward Goldberg, \"Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
-"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,\" cadalyst, februar "
+"H. Edward Goldberg, <quote>Essential Presentation Tools: Hardware and Software "
+"You Need to Create Digital Multimedia Presentations,</quote> cadalyst, februar "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #7</"
"ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly "
-#| "so. The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen "
-#| "dramatically. As one analyst puts it, \"Five years ago, a good real-time "
-#| "digital video editing system cost $25,000. Today you can get professional "
-#| "quality for $595.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These buses "
-#| "are filled with technology that would have cost hundreds of thousands "
-#| "just ten years ago. And it is now feasible to imagine not just buses like "
-#| "this, but classrooms across the country where kids are learning more and "
-#| "more of something teachers call \"media literacy.\""
msgid ""
"These buses are not cheap, but the technology they carry is increasingly so. "
"The cost of a high-quality digital video system has fallen dramatically. As "
msgstr ""
"Disse bussene er ikke billige, men teknologien de har med seg blir billigere "
"og billigere. Kostnaden til et høykvalitets digitalt videosystem har falt "
-"dramatisk. Som en analytiker omtalte det, \"for fem år siden kostet et godt "
+"dramatisk. Som en analytiker omtalte det, <quote>for fem år siden kostet et godt "
"sanntids redigerinssystem for digital video $25 000. I dag kan du få "
-"profesjonell kvalitet for $595.
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"profesjonell kvalitet for $595.
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"Disse bussene er fylt med teknologi som ville kostet hundre-tusenvis av "
"dollar for bare ti år siden. Og det er nå mulig å forestille seg ikke bare "
"slike busser, men klasserom rundt om i landet hvor unger kan lære mer og mer "
-"av det lærerne kaller \"medie-skriveføre\" eller \"mediekompetanse\"."
+"av det lærerne kaller <quote>medie-skriveføre</quote> eller <quote>mediekompetanse</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Yanofsky, Dave"
msgstr "Yanofsky, Dave"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"Media literacy,\" as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of Just "
-#| "Think!, puts it, \"is the ability … to understand, analyze, and "
-#| "deconstruct media images. Its aim is to make [kids] literate about the "
-#| "way media works, the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and "
-#| "the way people access it.\" <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"<quote>Media literacy,</quote> as Dave Yanofsky, the executive director of "
"Just Think!, puts it, <quote>is the ability … to understand, analyze, "
"way media works, the way it's constructed, the way it's delivered, and the "
"way people access it.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Media-skriveføre,\" eller \"mediekompetanse\" som administrerende direktør "
-"Dave Yanofsky i Just Think!, sier det, \"er evnen til … å forstå, "
+"<quote>Media-skriveføre,</quote> eller <quote>mediekompetanse</quote> som administrerende direktør "
+"Dave Yanofsky i Just Think!, sier det, <quote>er evnen til … å forstå, "
"analysere og dekonstruere mediebilder. Dets mål er å gjøre [unger] i stand "
"til å forstå hvordan mediene fungerer, hvordan de er konstruert, hvordan de "
-"blir levert, og hvordan folk bruker dem
\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
+"blir levert, og hvordan folk bruker dem
</quote>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This may seem like an odd way to think about \"literacy.\" For most "
-#| "people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway and "
-#| "noticing split infinitives are the things that \"literate\" people know "
-#| "about."
msgid ""
"This may seem like an odd way to think about <quote>literacy.</quote> For "
"most people, literacy is about reading and writing. Faulkner and Hemingway "
"and noticing split infinitives are the things that <quote>literate</quote> "
"people know about."
msgstr ""
-"Dette kan virke som en litt rar måte å tenke på \"skrivefør\". For de fleste "
-"handler skrivefør å kunne lese og skrive. \"Skriveføre folk kjenner ting "
+"Dette kan virke som en litt rar måte å tenke på <quote>skrivefør</quote>. For de fleste "
+"handler skrivefør å kunne lese og skrive. <quote>Skriveføre</quote> folk kjenner ting "
"som Faulkner, Hemingway og å kjenne igjen delte infinitiver."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
+msgid "advertising"
+msgstr ""
+
#. f10
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
-#| "(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on "
-#| "Family and TV Study,\" <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25 May 1997, "
-#| "B6."
msgid ""
"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on "
"1997, B6."
msgstr ""
"Judith Van Evra, <citetitle>Television and Child Development</citetitle> "
-"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); \"Findings on Family "
-"and TV Study,\" <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25. mai 1997, B6."
+"(Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990); <quote>Findings on Family "
+"and TV Study</quote>, <citetitle>Denver Post</citetitle>, 25. mai 1997, B6."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of "
-#| "television commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials "
-#| "generally,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> it is increasingly "
-#| "important to understand the \"grammar\" of media. For just as there is a "
-#| "grammar for the written word, so, too, is there one for media. And just "
-#| "as kids learn how to write by writing lots of terrible prose, kids learn "
-#| "how to write media by constructing lots of (at least at first) terrible "
-#| "media."
msgid ""
"Maybe. But in a world where children see on average 390 hours of television "
"commercials per year, or between 20,000 and 45,000 commercials generally,"
"Mulig det. Men i en verden hvor barn ser i gjennomsnitt 390 timer med TV-"
"reklaager i året, eller generelt mellom 20 000 og 45 000 reklameinnslag,"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> så er det mer og mer viktig å "
-"forstå \"gramatikken\" til media. For på samme måte som det er en gramatikk "
+"forstå <quote>gramatikken</quote> til media. For på samme måte som det er en gramatikk "
"for det skrevne ord, så er det også en for media. Og akkurat slik som unger "
"lærer å skrive ved å skrive masse grusom prosa, så lærer unger å skrive "
"media ved å konstruere masse (i hvert fall i begynnelsen) grusom media."
#. f12
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4 "
-#| "November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #8</ulink>; \"Timeline,\" 22 November 2000, available at <ulink "
-#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
msgid ""
"See Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,</quote> E!online, "
"4 November 2000, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #8</ulink>; <quote>Timeline,</quote> 22 November 2000, available at "
"<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Scott Steinberg, \"Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs,\" E!online, 4. november "
+"Se Scott Steinberg, <quote>Crichton Gets Medieval on PCs</quote>, E!online, 4. november "
"2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #8</"
-"ulink>;
\"Timeline,\" 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"ulink>;
<quote>Timeline</quote>, 22. november 2000, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #9</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
-#| "Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
-#| "California's Annenberg Center for Communication and dean of the USC "
-#| "School of Cinema-Television, explained to me, the grammar was about \"the "
-#| "placement of objects, color, … rhythm, pacing, and texture."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But as computers open up an "
-#| "interactive space where a story is \"played\" as well as experienced, "
-#| "that grammar changes. The simple control of narrative is lost, and so "
-#| "other techniques are necessary. Author Michael Crichton had mastered the "
-#| "narrative of science fiction. But when he tried to design a computer "
-#| "game based on one of his works, it was a new craft he had to learn. How "
-#| "to lead people through a game without their feeling they have been led "
-#| "was not obvious, even to a wildly successful author.<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"This grammar has changed as media has changed. When it was just film, as "
"Elizabeth Daley, executive director of the University of Southern "
"det kun var film, som Elizabeth Daley, administrerende direktør ved "
"Universitetet i Sør-Califorias Anneberg-senter for kommunkasjon og rektor "
"ved USC skole for Kino-Televisjon, forklarte for meg, var gramatikken om "
-"\"plasseringen av objekter, farger, … rytme, skritt og tekstur\"."
+"<quote>plasseringen av objekter, farger, … rytme, skritt og tekstur</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Men etter hvert som datamaskiner "
-"åpner opp et interaktivt rom hvor en historie blir \"spillt\" i tillegg til "
+"åpner opp et interaktivt rom hvor en historie blir <quote>spillt</quote> i tillegg til "
"opplevd, endrer gramatikken seg. Den enkle kontrollen til forstellerstemmen "
"er forsvunnet, og dermed er andre teknikker nødvendig. Forfatter Michael "
"Crichton hadde mestret fortellerstemmen til science fiction. Men da han "
msgstr "dataspill"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
-#| "\"people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
-#| "is perfectly constructed to keep you from seeing it, so you have no idea. "
-#| "If a filmmaker succeeds you do not know how you were led.\" If you know "
-#| "you were led through a film, the film has failed."
msgid ""
"This skill is precisely the craft a filmmaker learns. As Daley describes, "
"<quote>people are very surprised about how they are led through a film. [I]t "
"you were led through a film, the film has failed."
msgstr ""
"Akkurat denne ferdigheten er håndverket en lærer til de som lager filmer. "
-"Som Daley skriver, \"folk er svært overrasket over hvordan de blir ledet "
+"Som Daley skriver, <quote>folk er svært overrasket over hvordan de blir ledet "
"gjennom en film. Den er perfekt konstruert for å hindre deg fra å se det, "
"så du aner det ikke. Hvis en som lager filmer lykkes så vet du ikke at du "
-"har vært ledet.\" Hvis du vet at du ble ledet igjennom en film, så har "
+"har vært ledet.</quote> Hvis du vet at du ble ledet igjennom en film, så har "
"filmen feilet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"skrive."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"Read-only.\" Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. Couch "
-#| "potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
-#| "century."
msgid ""
"<quote>Read-only.</quote> Passive recipients of culture produced elsewhere. "
"Couch potatoes. Consumers. This is the world of media from the twentieth "
"century."
msgstr ""
-"\"ikke kunne skrive.\" Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
+"<quote>ikke kunne skrive.</quote> Passive mottakerne av kultur produsert andre steder. "
"Sofapoteter. Forbrukere. Dette er medieverden fra det tjuende århundre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
msgstr "ibid."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: "
-#| "It could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better "
-#| "understanding the craft of writing. Or best, reading and understanding "
-#| "the tools that enable the writing to lead or mislead. The aim of any "
-#| "literacy, and this literacy in particular, is to \"empower people to "
-#| "choose the appropriate language for what they need to create or express."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It is to enable students \"to "
-#| "communicate in the language of the twenty-first century.\"<placeholder "
-#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"The twenty-first century could be different. This is the crucial point: It "
"could be both read and write. Or at least reading and better understanding "
"kan bli både lesing og skriving. Eller i det minste lesing og bedre "
"forståelse for håndverket å skrive. Eller det beste, lesing og forstå "
"verktøyene som gir skriving mulighet til å veilede eller villede. Målet med "
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-"uttrykke
\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det gir studenter "
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+"uttrykke
</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det gir studenter "
+"mulighet <quote>til å kommunisere i språket til det tjueførste århundret</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"om—våpen-relatert vold."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
-#| "problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting "
-#| "the kids to come, the challenge in this class was keeping them away. The "
-#| "\"kids were showing up at 6 A.M. and leaving at 5 at night,\" said "
-#| "Barish. They were working harder than in any other class to do what "
-#| "education should be about—learning how to express themselves."
msgid ""
"The class was held on Friday afternoons, and it created a relatively new "
"problem for the school. While the challenge in most classes was getting the "
msgstr ""
"Klassen møttes fredag ettermiddag, og skapte et relativt nytt problem for "
"skolen. Mens utfordringen i de fleste klasser var å få ungene til å dukke "
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-"opp 06:00, og dro igjen 05:00 på natta\", sa Barish. De jobbet hardere enn i "
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+"opp 06:00, og dro igjen 05:00 på natta</quote>, sa Barish. De jobbet hardere enn i "
"noen annen klasse for å gjøre det utdanning burde handle om—å lære "
"hvordan de skulle uttrykke seg."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Using whatever \"free web stuff they could find,\" and relatively simple "
-#| "tools to enable the kids to mix \"image, sound, and text,\" Barish said "
-#| "this class produced a series of projects that showed something about gun "
-#| "violence that few would otherwise understand. This was an issue close to "
-#| "the lives of these students. The project \"gave them a tool and empowered "
-#| "them to be able to both understand it and talk about it,\" Barish "
-#| "explained. That tool succeeded in creating expression—far more "
-#| "successfully and powerfully than could have been created using only text. "
-#| "\"If you had said to these students, `you have to do it in text,' they "
-#| "would've just thrown their hands up and gone and done something else,\" "
-#| "Barish described, in part, no doubt, because expressing themselves in "
-#| "text is not something these students can do well. Yet neither is text a "
-#| "form in which <emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas can be expressed well. The "
-#| "power of this message depended upon its connection to this form of "
-#| "expression."
msgid ""
"Using whatever <quote>free web stuff they could find,</quote> and relatively "
"simple tools to enable the kids to mix <quote>image, sound, and text,</"
"in which <emphasis>these</emphasis> ideas can be expressed well. The power "
"of this message depended upon its connection to this form of expression."
msgstr ""
-"Ved å bruke hva som helst av \"fritt tilgjengelig web-stoff de kunne finne"
-"\", og relativt enkle verktøy som gjorde det mulig for ungene å blande "
-"\"bilde, lyd og tekst\", sa Barish at denne klassen produserte en serie av "
+"Ved å bruke hva som helst av <quote>fritt tilgjengelig web-stoff de kunne finne"
+"</quote>, og relativt enkle verktøy som gjorde det mulig for ungene å blande "
+"<quote>bilde, lyd og tekst</quote>, sa Barish at denne klassen produserte en serie av "
"prosjekter som viste noe om våpen-basert vold som få ellers ville forstå. "
-"Dette var et tema veldig nært livene til disse studentene. Prosjektet \"ga "
+"Dette var et tema veldig nært livene til disse studentene. Prosjektet <quote>ga "
"dem et verktøy og bemyndiget dem slik at de både ble i stand til å forstå "
-"det og snakke om det\", forklarer Barish. Dette verktøyet lyktes med å "
+"det og snakke om det</quote>, forklarer Barish. Dette verktøyet lyktes med å "
"skape uttrykk—mye mer vellykket og kraffylt enn noe som hadde blitt "
-"laget ved å kun bruke tekst. \"Hvis du hadde sagt til disse studentene at "
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"'du må gjøre dette i tekstform', så hadde de bare kastet hendene i været og "
-"gått og gjort noe annet\", forklarer Barish. Delvis, uten tvil, fordi å "
+"gått og gjort noe annet</quote>, forklarer Barish. Delvis, uten tvil, fordi å "
"uttrykke seg selv i tekstform ikke er noe disse studentene gjør godt. Heller "
"ikke er tekstform en form som kan uttrykke <emphasis>disse</emphasis> idéene "
"godt. Kraften i denne meldingen avhenger av dens forbindelse med denne for "
#. PAGE BREAK 52
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"But isn't education about teaching kids to write?\" I asked. In part, "
-#| "of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, Daley "
-#| "explained, is about giving students a way of \"constructing meaning.\" To "
-#| "say that that means just writing is like saying teaching writing is only "
-#| "about teaching kids how to spell. Text is one part—and "
-#| "increasingly, not the most powerful part—of constructing meaning. "
-#| "As Daley explained in the most moving part of our interview,"
msgid ""
"<quote>But isn't education about teaching kids to write?</quote> I asked. In "
"part, of course, it is. But why are we teaching kids to write? Education, "
"increasingly, not the most powerful part—of constructing meaning. As "
"Daley explained in the most moving part of our interview,"
msgstr ""
-"\"Men handler ikke utdanning om å lære unger å skrive?\" spurte jeg. Jo "
+"<quote>Men handler ikke utdanning om å lære unger å skrive?</quote> spurte jeg. Jo "
"delvis, naturligvis. Men hvorfor lærer vi unger å skrive? Utdanning, "
-"forklarer Daley, handler om å gi studentene en måte å \"konstruere mening"
-"\". Å si at det kun betyr skriving er som å si at å lære bort skriving kun "
+"forklarer Daley, handler om å gi studentene en måte å <quote>konstruere mening"
+"</quote>. Å si at det kun betyr skriving er som å si at å lære bort skriving kun "
"handler om å lære ungene å stave. Tekstforming er bare en del—og i "
"større grad ikke den kraftigste delen—for å konstruere mening. Som "
"Daley forklarte i den mest rørende delen av vårt intervju,"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If "
-#| "all you give them is text, they're not going to do it. Because they "
-#| "can't. You know, you've got Johnny who can look at a video, he can play a "
-#| "video game, he can do graffiti all over your walls, he can take your car "
-#| "apart, and he can do all sorts of other things. He just can't read your "
-#| "text. So Johnny comes to school and you say, \"Johnny, you're illiterate. "
-#| "Nothing you can do matters.\" Well, Johnny then has two choices: He can "
-#| "dismiss you or he [can] dismiss himself. If his ego is healthy at all, "
-#| "he's going to dismiss you. [But i]nstead, if you say, \"Well, with all "
-#| "these things that you can do, let's talk about this issue. Play for me "
-#| "music that you think reflects that, or show me images that you think "
-#| "reflect that, or draw for me something that reflects that.\" Not by "
-#| "giving a kid a video camera and … saying, \"Let's go have fun with "
-#| "the video camera and make a little movie.\" But instead, really help you "
-#| "take these elements that you understand, that are your language, and "
-#| "construct meaning about the topic.…"
msgid ""
"What you want is to give these students ways of constructing meaning. If all "
"you give them is text, they're not going to do it. Because they can't. You "
"Du vet, du har Johnny som kan se på en video, han kan spille på et TV-spill, "
"han kan spre grafitti over alle dine vegger, han kan ta fra hverandre bilen "
"din, og han kan gjøre alle mulige andre ting. Men han kan ikke lese teksten "
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-"Ingenting du gjør betyr noe\". Vel, da har Johnny to valg: Han kan avvise "
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"disse elementene som du forstår, som er ditt språk, og konstruer mening om "
"temaet.…"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is "
-#| "eventually, as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against "
-#| "the fact, \"I need to explain this and I really need to write something."
-#| "\" And as one of the teachers told Stephanie, they would rewrite a "
-#| "paragraph 5, 6, 7, 8 times, till they got it right."
msgid ""
"That empowers enormously. And then what happens, of course, is eventually, "
"as it has happened in all these classes, they bump up against the fact, "
msgstr ""
"Dette bemyndiger enormt. Og det som skjer til slutt, selvfølgelig, som det "
"har skjedd i alle disse klassene, er at de stopper opp når de treffer "
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+"noe</quote>. Og som en av lærerne fortalte Stephanie, de vil skrive om avsnittet "
"5, 6, 7, 8 ganger, helt til det blir riktig."
#. PAGE BREAK 53
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to "
-#| "say something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They "
-#| "actually needed to use a language that they didn't speak very well. But "
-#| "they had come to understand that they had a lot of power with this "
-#| "language.\""
msgid ""
"Because they needed to. There was a reason for doing it. They needed to say "
"something, as opposed to just jumping through your hoops. They actually "
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"noe, i motsetning til å kun danse etter din pipe. De trengte faktisk å "
"bruke det språket de ikke håndterte veldig bra. Men de hadde begynt å "
-"forstå at de hadde mye gjennomslagskraft med dette språket.\""
+"forstå at de hadde mye gjennomslagskraft med dette språket."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"perfekt tidsatt for å sikre at hele verden ville være der for å se på."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music "
-#| "scored for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the "
-#| "screen. There was a formula to interviews. There was \"balance,\" and "
-#| "seriousness. This was news choreographed in the way we have increasingly "
-#| "come to expect it, \"news as entertainment,\" even if the entertainment "
-#| "is tragedy."
msgid ""
"These retellings had an increasingly familiar feel. There was music scored "
"for the intermissions, and fancy graphics that flashed across the screen. "
msgstr ""
"Disse gjenfortellingene ga en økende familiær følelse. Det var musikk "
"spesiallaget for mellom-innslagene, og avansert grafikk som blinket tvers "
-"over skjermen. Det var en formel for intervjuer. Det var \"balanse\" og "
+"over skjermen. Det var en formel for intervjuer. Det var <quote>balanse</quote> og "
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+"forventer det, <quote>nyheter som underholdning</quote>, selv om underholdningen er en "
"tragedie."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgstr "CBS"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But in addition to this produced news about the \"tragedy of September 11,"
-#| "\" those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
-#| "production as well. The Internet was filled with accounts of the same "
-#| "events. Yet these Internet accounts had a very different flavor. Some "
-#| "people constructed photo pages that captured images from around the world "
-#| "and presented them as slide shows with text. Some offered open letters. "
-#| "There were sound recordings. There was anger and frustration. There were "
-#| "attempts to provide context. There was, in short, an extraordinary "
-#| "worldwide barn raising, in the sense Mike Godwin uses the term in his "
-#| "book <citetitle>Cyber Rights</citetitle>, around a news event that had "
-#| "captured the attention of the world. There was ABC and CBS, but there was "
-#| "also the Internet."
msgid ""
"But in addition to this produced news about the <quote>tragedy of September "
"11,</quote> those of us tied to the Internet came to see a very different "
"Rights</citetitle>, around a news event that had captured the attention of "
"the world. There was ABC and CBS, but there was also the Internet."
msgstr ""
-"Men i tillegg til disse produserte nyhetene om \"tragedien 11. september\", "
+"Men i tillegg til disse produserte nyhetene om <quote>tragedien 11. september</quote>, "
"kunne de av oss som er knyttet til internettet i tillegg se en svært "
"annerledes produksjon. Internettet er fullt av fortellinger om de samme "
"hendelsene. Men disse internet-fortellingene hadde en veldig annerledes "
#. PAGE BREAK 54
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I don't mean simply to praise the Internet—though I do think the "
-#| "people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean "
-#| "instead to point to a significance in this form of speech. For like a "
-#| "Kodak, the Internet enables people to capture images. And like in a movie "
-#| "by a student on the \"Just Think!\" bus, the visual images could be mixed "
-#| "with sound or text."
msgid ""
"I don't mean simply to praise the Internet—though I do think the "
"people who supported this form of speech should be praised. I mean instead "
"jeg mener at folkene som støtter denne formen for tale bør lovprises. Jeg "
"ønsker i stedet å peke på viktigheten av denne formen for tale. For på "
"samme måte som en Kodak, gjør internettet folk i stand til å fange bilder. "
-"Og på samme måte som med en film laget av en av studentene på \"Just Think!"
-"\"-bussen, kan visuelle bilder bli blandet med lyd og tekst."
+"Og på samme måte som med en film laget av en av studentene på <quote>Just Think!"
+"</quote>-bussen, kan visuelle bilder bli blandet med lyd og tekst."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"16."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule "
-#| "by the people, but rule means something more than mere elections. In our "
-#| "tradition, it also means control through reasoned discourse. This was "
-#| "the idea that captured the imagination of Alexis de Tocqueville, the "
-#| "nineteenth-century French lawyer who wrote the most important account of "
-#| "early \"Democracy in America.\" It wasn't popular elections that "
-#| "fascinated him—it was the jury, an institution that gave ordinary "
-#| "people the right to choose life or death for other citizens. And most "
-#| "fascinating for him was that the jury didn't just vote about the outcome "
-#| "they would impose. They deliberated. Members argued about the \"right\" "
-#| "result; they tried to persuade each other of the \"right\" result, and in "
-#| "criminal cases at least, they had to agree upon a unanimous result for "
-#| "the process to come to an end.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"But democracy has never just been about elections. Democracy means rule by "
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"også kontroll gjennom gjennomtenkt meningsbrytning. Dette var idéen som "
"fanget fantasien til Alexis de Tocqueville, den franske nittenhundretalls-"
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"stemte over hvilket resultat de ville legge frem. De diskuterte. "
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"måtte de bli enige om et enstemming resultat for at prosessen skulle "
"avsluttes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f16
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgid ""
"Bruce Ackerman and James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Journal of Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
msgstr ""
-"Bruce Ackerman og James Fishkin, \"Deliberation Day,\" <citetitle>Journal of "
+"Bruce Ackerman og James Fishkin, <quote>Deliberation Day</quote>, <citetitle>Journal of "
"Political Philosophy</citetitle> 10 (2) (2002): 129."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
-#| "there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
-#| "pushing to create just such an institution.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-#| "id=\"0\"/> And in some towns in New England, something close to "
-#| "deliberation remains. But for most of us for most of the time, there is "
-#| "no time or place for \"democratic deliberation\" to occur."
msgid ""
"Yet even this institution flags in American life today. And in its place, "
"there is no systematic effort to enable citizen deliberation. Some are "
"innsats for å lage en slik institusjon.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> Og i noen landsbyer i New England er det noe i nærheten av diskusjon "
"igjen. Men for de fleste av oss mesteparten av tiden, er det ingen tid og "
-"sted for å gjennomføre \"demokratisk diskusjon\"."
+"sted for å gjennomføre <quote>demokratisk diskusjon</quote>."
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
#. f18
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
-#| "York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
msgid ""
"Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,</"
"quote> New York Times, 16 January 2003, G5."
msgstr ""
-"Noah Shachtman, \"With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot,\" New "
+"Noah Shachtman, <quote>With Incessant Postings, a Pundit Stirs the Pot</quote>, New "
"York Times, 16. januar 2003, G5."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgstr "Lott, Trent"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
-#| "mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
-#| "\"misspoke\" at a party for Senator Strom Thurmond, essentially praising "
-#| "Thurmond's segregationist policies, he calculated correctly that this "
-#| "story would disappear from the mainstream press within forty-eight hours. "
-#| "It did. But he didn't calculate its life cycle in blog space. The "
-#| "bloggers kept researching the story. Over time, more and more instances "
-#| "of the same \"misspeaking\" emerged. Finally, the story broke back into "
-#| "the mainstream press. In the end, Lott was forced to resign as senate "
-#| "majority leader.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"One direct effect is on stories that had a different life cycle in the "
"mainstream media. The Trent Lott affair is an example. When Lott "
"\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
"En direkte effekt er på historier som hadde en annerledes livssyklus i de "
-"store mediene. Trend Lott-affæren er et eksempel. Da Logg \"sa feil\" på "
+"store mediene. Trend Lott-affæren er et eksempel. Da Logg <quote>sa feil</quote> på "
"en fest for senator Storm Thurmond, og essensielt lovpriste "
"segregeringspolitikken til Thurmond, regnet han ganske riktig med at "
"historien ville forsvinne fra de store mediene i løpet av førtiåtte timer. "
"Det skjedde. Men han regnet ikke med dens livssyklus i bloggsfæren. "
"Bloggerne fortsatte å undersøke historien. Etter hvert dukket flere og "
-"flere tilfeller av tilsvarende \"feiluttalelser\" opp. Så dukket historien "
+"flere tilfeller av tilsvarende <quote>feiluttalelser</quote> opp. Så dukket historien "
"opp igjen hos de store mediene. Lott ble til slutt tvinget til å trekke seg "
"som leder for senatets flertall.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 57
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
-#| "the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement "
-#| "and a software author for many decades, told me, another difference is "
-#| "the absence of a financial \"conflict of interest.\" \"I think you have "
-#| "to take the conflict of interest\" out of journalism, Winer told me. "
-#| "\"An amateur journalist simply doesn't have a conflict of interest, or "
-#| "the conflict of interest is so easily disclosed that you know you can "
-#| "sort of get it out of the way.\""
msgid ""
"There's a second way, as well, in which blogs have a different cycle from "
"the mainstream press. As Dave Winer, one of the fathers of this movement and "
"Det er også en annen måte, hvor blogger har en annen syklus enn de store "
"mediene. Som Dave Winer, en av fedrene til denne bevegelsen og en "
"programvareutvikler i mange tiår fortalte meg, er en annen forskjell "
-"fraværet av finansiell \"interessekonflikt\". \"Jeg tror du må ta "
-"interessekonflikten\" ut av journalismen, fortalte Winer meg. \"En "
+"fraværet av finansiell <quote>interessekonflikt</quote>. <quote>Jeg tror du må ta "
+"interessekonflikten</quote> ut av journalismen, fortalte Winer meg. <quote>En "
"amatørjournalist har ganske enkelt ikke interessekonflikt, eller "
"interessekonflikten er så enkelt å avsløre at du liksom vet du kan rydde den "
-"av veien.\""
+"av veien.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "CNN"
msgstr "Telefonintervju med David Winer, 16. april 2003."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
-#| "(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
-#| "than an unconcentrated media can—as CNN admitted it did after the "
-#| "Iraq war because it was afraid of the consequences to its own employees."
-#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also needs to sustain a more "
-#| "coherent account. (In the middle of the Iraq war, I read a post on the "
-#| "Internet from someone who was at that time listening to a satellite "
-#| "uplink with a reporter in Iraq. The New York headquarters was telling the "
-#| "reporter over and over that her account of the war was too bleak: She "
-#| "needed to offer a more optimistic story. When she told New York that "
-#| "wasn't warranted, they told her that <emphasis>they</emphasis> were "
-#| "writing \"the story.\")"
msgid ""
"These conflicts become more important as media becomes more concentrated "
"(more on this below). A concentrated media can hide more from the public "
"reporteren gang på gang at hennes rapport om krigen var for trist: Hun måtte "
"tilby en mer optimistisk historie. Når hun fortalte New York at det ikke var "
"grunnlag for det, fortalte de henne at det var <emphasis>dem</emphasis> som "
-"skrev \"historien\".)"
+"skrev <quote>historien</quote>.)"
#. f20
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
-#| "Information Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 February "
-#| "2003, A28; Staci D. Kramer, \"Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong "
-#| "Overall,\" Online Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, available at <ulink "
-#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
msgid ""
"John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of "
"Information Online,</quote> <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 "
"but Strong Overall,</quote> Online Journalism Review, 2 February 2003, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"John Schwartz, \"Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
-"Online,\" <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 februar 2003, A28; Staci "
-"D. Kramer, \"Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall,\" Online "
+"John Schwartz, <quote>Loss of the Shuttle: The Internet; A Wealth of Information "
+"Online</quote>, <citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 2 februar 2003, A28; Staci "
+"D. Kramer, <quote>Shuttle Disaster Coverage Mixed, but Strong Overall</quote>, Online "
"Journalism Review, 2. februar 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #10</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—\"amateur\" not "
-#| "in the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic athlete, "
-#| "meaning not paid by anyone to give their reports. It allows for a much "
-#| "broader range of input into a story, as reporting on the Columbia "
-#| "disaster revealed, when hundreds from across the southwest United States "
-#| "turned to the Internet to retell what they had seen.<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it drives readers to read across the range of "
-#| "accounts and \"triangulate,\" as Winer puts it, the truth. Blogs, Winer "
-#| "says, are \"communicating directly with our constituency, and the middle "
-#| "man is out of it\"—with all the benefits, and costs, that might "
-#| "entail."
msgid ""
"Blog space gives amateurs a way to enter the debate—<quote>amateur</"
"quote> not in the sense of inexperienced, but in the sense of an Olympic "
"middle man is out of it</quote>—with all the benefits, and costs, that "
"might entail."
msgstr ""
-"Blogg-sfæren gir amatører en måte å bli med i debatten—\"amatør\" ikke "
+"Blogg-sfæren gir amatører en måte å bli med i debatten—<quote>amatør</quote> ikke "
"i betydningen uerfaren, men i betydningen til en Olympisk atlet, det vil si "
"ikke betalt av noen for å komme med deres rapport. Det tillater en mye "
"bredere rekke av innspill til en historie, slik rapporteringen Columbia-"
"katastrofen avdekket, når hundrevis fra hele sørvest-USA vendte seg til "
"internettet for å gjenfortelle hva de hadde sett.<placeholder type=\"footnote"
"\" id=\"0\"/> Og det får lesere til å lese på tvers av en rekke fortellinger "
-"og \"triangulere\", som Winer formulerer det, sannheten. Blogger, sier "
-"Winer, \"kommunserer direkte med vår velgermasse, og mellommannen er fjernet"
-"\"— med alle de fordeler og ulemper det kan føre med seg."
+"og <quote>triangulere</quote>, som Winer formulerer det, sannheten. Blogger, sier "
+"Winer, <quote>kommunserer direkte med vår velgermasse, og mellommannen er fjernet"
+"</quote>— med alle de fordeler og ulemper det kan føre med seg."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
-#| "<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (\"Not all "
-#| "news organizations have been as accepting of employees who blog. Kevin "
-#| "Sites, a CNN correspondent in Iraq who started a blog about his reporting "
-#| "of the war on March 9, stopped posting 12 days later at his bosses' "
-#| "request. Last year Steve Olafson, a <citetitle>Houston Chronicle</"
-#| "citetitle> reporter, was fired for keeping a personal Web log, published "
-#| "under a pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was "
-#| "covering.\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"See Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> "
"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29 September 2003, C4. (<quote>Not "
"pseudonym, that dealt with some of the issues and people he was covering.</"
"quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Se Michael Falcone, \"Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?\" "
-"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september 2003, C4. (\"Ikke alle "
+"Se Michael Falcone, <quote>Does an Editor's Pencil Ruin a Web Log?</quote> "
+"<citetitle>New York Times</citetitle>, 29. september 2003, C4. (<quote>Ikke alle "
"nyhetsorganisasjoner har hatt like stor aksept for ansatte som blogger. "
"Kevin Sites, en CNN-korrespondent i Irak som startet en blogg om sin "
"rapportering av krigen 9. mars, stoppet å publisere 12 dager senere på "
"forespørsel fra sine sjefer. I fjor fikk Steve Olafson, en "
"<citetitle>Houston Chronicle</citetitle>-reporter, sparken for å ha hatt en "
"personlig web-logg, publisert under pseudonym, som handlet om noen av "
-"temaene og folkene som han dekket
\") <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
+"temaene og folkene som han dekket
</quote>) <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
#. PAGE BREAK 58
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with blogs. "
-#| "\"It's going to become an essential skill,\" Winer predicts, for public "
-#| "figures and increasingly for private figures as well. It's not clear that "
-#| "\"journalism\" is happy about this—some journalists have been told "
-#| "to curtail their blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But "
-#| "it is clear that we are still in transition. \"A lot of what we are doing "
-#| "now is warm-up exercises,\" Winer told me. There is a lot that must "
-#| "mature before this space has its mature effect. And as the inclusion of "
-#| "content in this space is the least infringing use of the Internet "
-#| "(meaning infringing on copyright), Winer said, \"we will be the last "
-#| "thing that gets shut down.\""
msgid ""
"Winer is optimistic about the future of journalism infected with blogs. "
"<quote>It's going to become an essential skill,</quote> Winer predicts, for "
"the last thing that gets shut down.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Winer er optimistisk når det gjelder en journalistfremtid infisert av "
-"blogger. \"Det kommer til å bli en nødvendig ferdighet\", spår Winer, for "
+"blogger. <quote>Det kommer til å bli en nødvendig ferdighet</quote>, spår Winer, for "
"offentlige aktører og også i større grad for private aktører. Det er ikke "
-"klart at \"journalismen\" er glad for dette—noen journalister har "
+"klart at <quote>journalismen</quote> er glad for dette—noen journalister har "
"blitt bedt om å kutte ut sin blogging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-"\"0\"/> Men det er klart at vi fortsatt er i en overgangsfase. \"Mye av det "
-"vi gjør nå er oppvarmingsøvelser\", fortalte Winer meg. Det er mye som må "
+"\"0\"/> Men det er klart at vi fortsatt er i en overgangsfase. <quote>Mye av det "
+"vi gjør nå er oppvarmingsøvelser</quote>, fortalte Winer meg. Det er mye som må "
"modne før dette området har sin modne effekt. Og etter som inkludering av "
"innhold i dette området er det området med minst opphavsrettsbrudd på "
-"internettet, sa Wiener at \"vi vil være den siste tingen som blir skutt ned"
-"\"."
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because \"you "
-#| "don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.\" That "
-#| "is true. But it affects democracy in another way as well. As more and "
-#| "more citizens express what they think, and defend it in writing, that "
-#| "will change the way people understand public issues. It is easy to be "
-#| "wrong and misguided in your head. It is harder when the product of your "
-#| "mind can be criticized by others. Of course, it is a rare human who "
-#| "admits that he has been persuaded that he is wrong. But it is even rarer "
-#| "for a human to ignore when he has been proven wrong. The writing of "
-#| "ideas, arguments, and criticism improves democracy. Today there are "
-#| "probably a couple of million blogs where such writing happens. When there "
-#| "are ten million, there will be something extraordinary to report."
+"internettet, sa Wiener at <quote>vi vil være den siste tingen som blir skutt ned"
+"</quote>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"This speech affects democracy. Winer thinks that happens because <quote>you "
"don't have to work for somebody who controls, [for] a gatekeeper.</quote> "
"blogs where such writing happens. When there are ten million, there will be "
"something extraordinary to report."
msgstr ""
-"Slik tale påvirker demokratiet. Winer mener dette skjer fordi \"du trenger "
-"ikke jobber for noen som kontrollerer, [for] en portvokter\". Det er sant. "
+"Slik tale påvirker demokratiet. Winer mener dette skjer fordi <quote>du trenger "
+"ikke jobber for noen som kontrollerer, [for] en portvokter</quote>. Det er sant. "
"Men det påvirker demokratiet også på en annen måte. Etter hvert som flere og "
"flere borgere uttrykker hva de mener, og forsvarer det skriftlig, så vil det "
"endre hvordan folk forstår offentlige temaer. Det er enkelt å ha feil og "
msgstr "Brown, John Seely"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His "
-#| "work, as his Web site describes it, is \"human learning and … the "
-#| "creation of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.\""
msgid ""
"John Seely Brown is the chief scientist of the Xerox Corporation. His work, "
"as his Web site describes it, is <quote>human learning and … the "
"creation of knowledge ecologies for creating … innovation.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"John Seely Brown er sjefsforsker ved Xerox Corporation. Hans arbeid, i "
-"følge hans eget nettsted, er \"menneskelig læring og … å skape "
-"kunnskapsøkologier for å skape … innovasjon\"."
+"følge hans eget nettsted, er <quote>menneskelig læring og … å skape "
+"kunnskapsøkologier for å skape … innovasjon</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
#. PAGE BREAK 59
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When \"a lot of us grew up,\" "
-#| "he explains, that tinkering was done \"on motorcycle engines, lawnmower "
-#| "engines, automobiles, radios, and so on.\" But digital technologies "
-#| "enable a different kind of tinkering—with abstract ideas though in "
-#| "concrete form. The kids at Just Think! not only think about how a "
-#| "commercial portrays a politician; using digital technology, they can take "
-#| "the commercial apart and manipulate it, tinker with it to see how it does "
-#| "what it does. Digital technologies launch a kind of bricolage, or \"free "
-#| "collage,\" as Brown calls it. Many get to add to or transform the "
-#| "tinkering of many others."
msgid ""
"As Brown believes, we learn by tinkering. When <quote>a lot of us grew up,</"
"quote> he explains, that tinkering was done <quote>on motorcycle engines, "
"<quote>free collage,</quote> as Brown calls it. Many get to add to or "
"transform the tinkering of many others."
msgstr ""
-"Brown tror vi lærer med å fikle. Da \"mange av oss vokste opp\", forklarer "
-"han, ble fiklingen gjort \"pa motorsykkelmotorer, gressklippermotorer, "
-"biler, radioer og så videre\". Men digitale teknologier muliggjør en annen "
+"Brown tror vi lærer med å fikle. Da <quote>mange av oss vokste opp</quote>, forklarer "
+"han, ble fiklingen gjort <quote>pa motorsykkelmotorer, gressklippermotorer, "
+"biler, radioer og så videre</quote>. Men digitale teknologier muliggjør en annen "
"type fikling—med abstrakte idéer i sin konkrete form. Ungene i Just "
"Think! tenker ikke bare på hvordan et reklameinnslag fremstiller en "
"politiker. Ved å bruke digital teknologi kan de ta reklameinnslaget fra "
"hverandre og manipulerer det, fikle med det, og se hvordan det blir gjort. "
-"Digitale teknologier setter igang en slags *bricolage* eller \"fritt "
-"tilgjengelig sammenstilling\", som Brown kaller det. Mange får mulighet til "
+"Digitale teknologier setter igang en slags *bricolage* eller <quote>fritt "
+"tilgjengelig sammenstilling</quote>, som Brown kaller det. Mange får mulighet til "
"å legge til på eller endre på fiklingen til mange andre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgstr "Black, Jane"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13 "
-#| "February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record,</quote> BusinessWeek online, "
"13 February 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jane Black, \"Big Music's Broken Record,\" BusinessWeek online, 13. februar "
+"Jane Black, <quote>Big Music's Broken Record</quote>, BusinessWeek online, 13. februar "
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#17</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
"denne balansen blir funnet bare med tid."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the target "
-#| "just what you call type A sharing?\""
msgid ""
"<quote>But isn't the war just a war against illegal sharing? Isn't the "
"target just what you call type A sharing?</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Men er ikke krigen bare en krig mot ulovlig deling? Er ikke angrepsmålet "
-"bare det du kaller type A-deling?"
+"<quote>Men er ikke krigen bare en krig mot ulovlig deling? Er ikke angrepsmålet "
+"bare det du kaller type-A-deling?</quote>"
#. f17
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
msgstr "Tilfelle"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS \"PIRATED\""
msgid "WHOSE VALUE WAS <quote>PIRATED</quote>"
-msgstr "Hvems verdi ble \"røvet\""
+msgstr "Hvems verdi ble <quote>røvet</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><informaltable><tgroup><thead><row><entry>
msgid "RESPONSE OF THE COURTS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,\" the warriors insist. \"And "
-#| "it should be protected just as any other property is protected.\""
msgid ""
"<quote>It is <emphasis>our property</emphasis>,</quote> the warriors insist. "
"<quote>And it should be protected just as any other property is protected.</"
"quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Det er <emphasis>vår eiendom</emphasis>,\" insisterer krigerne. \"og den "
-"bør være beskyttet på samme måte som all annen eiendom er beskyttet.\""
+"<quote>Det er <emphasis>vår eiendom</emphasis>,</quote> insisterer krigerne. <quote>og den "
+"bør være beskyttet på samme måte som all annen eiendom er beskyttet.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
msgid "<quote>PROPERTY</quote>"
"kan få."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a \"property\" right is a "
-#| "bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
-#| "property. Indeed, the very idea of property in any idea or any "
-#| "expression is very odd. I understand what I am taking when I take the "
-#| "picnic table you put in your backyard. I am taking a thing, the picnic "
-#| "table, and after I take it, you don't have it. But what am I taking when "
-#| "I take the good <emphasis>idea</emphasis> you had to put a picnic table "
-#| "in the backyard—by, for example, going to Sears, buying a table, "
-#| "and putting it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking then?"
msgid ""
"But in ordinary language, to call a copyright a <quote>property</quote> "
"right is a bit misleading, for the property of copyright is an odd kind of "
"backyard—by, for example, going to Sears, buying a table, and putting "
"it in my backyard? What is the thing I am taking then?"
msgstr ""
-"Men i vanlig språk er det å kalle opphavsrett for en \"eiendoms\"-rett litt "
+"Men i vanlig språk er det å kalle opphavsrett for en <quote>eiendoms</quote>-rett litt "
"misvisende, for eindommen i opphavsretten er en merkelig type eiendom. "
"Selve ideen om eienrettigheter til en ide eller et uttrykk er nemlig veldig "
"merkelig. Jeg forstår hva jeg tar når jeg tar en picnic-bord som du "
msgstr "Henry V"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "William Shakespeare wrote <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in "
-#| "1595. The play was first published in 1597. It was the eleventh major "
-#| "play that Shakespeare had written. He would continue to write plays "
-#| "through 1613, and the plays that he wrote have continued to define Anglo-"
-#| "American culture ever since. So deeply have the works of a sixteenth-"
-#| "century writer seeped into our culture that we often don't even recognize "
-#| "their source. I once overheard someone commenting on Kenneth Branagh's "
-#| "adaptation of Henry V: \"I liked it, but Shakespeare is so full of "
-#| "clichés.\""
msgid ""
"William Shakespeare wrote <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> in 1595. "
"The play was first published in 1597. It was the eleventh major play that "
"og stykkene han skrevhar fortsatt å definere angloamerikansk kultur siden. "
"Så dypt har verkene av en 1500-talls forfatter sunket inn i vår kultur at vi "
"ofte ikke engang kjenner kilden. Jeg overhørte en gang noen som kommentere "
-"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: \"Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så "
-"full av klisjeer.\""
+"Kenneth Branaghs utgave av Henry V: <quote>Jeg likte det, men Shakespeare er så "
+"full av klisjeer.</quote>"
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
-#| "eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
-#| "handsome \"definitive editions\" of classic works. In addition to "
-#| "<citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle>, he published an astonishing "
-#| "array of works that still remain at the heart of the English canon, "
-#| "including collected works of Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, and "
-#| "John Dryden. See Keith Walker, \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
msgid ""
"Jacob Tonson is typically remembered for his associations with prominent "
"eighteenth-century literary figures, especially John Dryden, and for his "
"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424–31."
msgstr ""
"Jacob Tonson er vanligvis husket for sin omgang med 1700-tallets litterære "
-"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke\"ferdige versjoner\" av "
+"storheter, spesielt John Dryden, og for hans kjekke<quote>ferdige versjoner</quote> av "
"klassiske verk. I tillegg til <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle>, utga "
"han en utrolig rekke liste av verk som ennå er hjertet av den engelske "
"kanon, inkludert de samlede verk av Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, John Milton, og "
-"John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: \"Jacob Tonson, Bookseller,\" "
+"John Dryden. Se Keith Walker: <quote>Jacob Tonson, Bookseller</quote>, "
"<citetitle>American Scholar</citetitle> 61:3 (1992): 424-31."
#. f2
#. PAGE BREAK 97
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> "
-#| "was written, the \"copy-right\" for the work was still thought by many to "
-#| "be the exclusive right of a single London publisher, Jacob Tonson."
-#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson was the most prominent "
-#| "of a small group of publishers called the Conger<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> who controlled bookselling in England during the "
-#| "eighteenth century. The Conger claimed a perpetual right to control the "
-#| "\"copy\" of books that they had acquired from authors. That perpetual "
-#| "right meant that no one else could publish copies of a book to which they "
-#| "held the copyright. Prices of the classics were thus kept high; "
-#| "competition to produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."
msgid ""
"In 1774, almost 180 years after <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> was "
"written, the <quote>copy-right</quote> for the work was still thought by "
"produce better or cheaper editions was eliminated."
msgstr ""
"I 1774, nesten 180 år etter at <citetitle>Romeo og Julie</citetitle> ble "
-"skrevet, mente mange at \"opphavsretten\" kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i "
+"skrevet, mente mange at <quote>opphavsretten</quote> kun tilhørte én eneste utgiver i "
"London, John Tonson. <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tonson var "
-"den mest fremstående av en liten gruppe utgivere kalt \"the Conger"
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i "
+"den mest fremstående av en liten gruppe utgivere kalt <quote>the Conger"
+"
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>, som kontrollerte boksalget i "
"England gjennom hele 1700-tallet. The Conger hevdet at de hadde en "
-"evigvarende rett over \"kopier\" av bøker de hadde fått av forfatterne. "
+"evigvarende rett over <quote>kopier</quote> av bøker de hadde fått av forfatterne. "
"Denne evigvarende retten innebar at ingen andre kunne publisere kopier av "
"disse bøkene. Slik ble prisen på klassiske bøker holdt oppe; alle "
"konkurrenter som lagde bedre eller billigere utgaver, ble fjernet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
-#| "\"copyright law.\" See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
-#| "Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"As Siva Vaidhyanathan nicely argues, it is erroneous to call this a "
"<quote>copyright law.</quote> See Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Som Siva Vaidhyanathan så pent argumenterer, er det feilaktige å kalle dette "
-"en \"opphavsrettslov.\" Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
+"en <quote>opphavsrettslov</quote>. Se Vaidhyanathan, <citetitle>Copyrights and "
"Copywrongs</citetitle>, 40. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
-#| "little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
-#| "copyright is 1710, the year that the British Parliament adopted the first "
-#| "\"copyright\" act. Known as the Statute of Anne, the act stated that all "
-#| "published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable "
-#| "once if the author was alive, and that all works already published by "
-#| "1710 would get a single term of twenty-one additional years.<placeholder "
-#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Under this law, <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</"
-#| "citetitle> should have been free in 1731. So why was there any issue "
-#| "about it still being under Tonson's control in 1774?"
msgid ""
"Now, there's something puzzling about the year 1774 to anyone who knows a "
"little about copyright law. The better-known year in the history of "
"Men altså, det er noe spennende med året 1774 for alle som vet litt om "
"opphavsretts-lovgivning. Det mest kjente året for opphavsrett er 1710, da "
"det britiske parlamentet vedtok den første loven. Denne loven er kjent som "
-"\"Statute of Anne\" og sa at alle publiserte verk skulle være beskyttet i "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> og sa at alle publiserte verk skulle være beskyttet i "
"fjorten år, en periode som kunne fornyes én gang dersom forfatteren ennå "
"levde, og at alle verk publisert i eller før 1710 skulle ha en ekstraperiode "
"på 22 tillegsår.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> På grunn av denne "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a \"copyright\" "
-#| "was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the Statute "
-#| "of Anne, there was no other legislation governing copyrights. The last "
-#| "law regulating publishers, the Licensing Act of 1662, had expired in "
-#| "1695. That law gave publishers a monopoly over publishing, as a way to "
-#| "make it easier for the Crown to control what was published. But after it "
-#| "expired, there was no positive law that said that the publishers, or "
-#| "\"Stationers,\" had an exclusive right to print books. <placeholder type="
-#| "\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"The reason is that the English hadn't yet agreed on what a <quote>copyright</"
"quote> was—indeed, no one had. At the time the English passed the "
msgstr ""
"Årsaken var ganske enkelt at engelskmennene ennå ikke hadde bestemt hva "
"opphavsrett innebar -- faktisk hadde ingen i verden det. På den tiden da "
-"engelskmennene vedtok \"Statute of Anne\", var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
+"engelskmennene vedtok <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, var det ingen annen lovgivning om "
"opphavsrett. Den siste loven som regulerte utgivere var lisensieringsloven "
"av 1662, utløpt i 1695. At loven ga utgiverne monopol over publiseringen, "
"noe som gjorde det enklere for kronen å kontrollere hva ble publisert. Men "
"\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
-#| "there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the "
-#| "words of legislatures and the words of judges to know the rules that are "
-#| "to govern how people are to behave. We call the words from legislatures "
-#| "\"positive law.\" We call the words from judges \"common law.\" The "
-#| "common law sets the background against which legislatures legislate; the "
-#| "legislature, ordinarily, can trump that background only if it passes a "
-#| "law to displace it. And so the real question after the licensing statutes "
-#| "had expired was whether the common law protected a copyright, independent "
-#| "of any positive law."
msgid ""
"There was no <emphasis>positive</emphasis> law, but that didn't mean that "
"there was no law. The Anglo-American legal tradition looks to both the words "
"til lover skapt av politikere (det lovgivende statsorgen)og til lover "
"(prejudikater) skapt av domstolene for å bestemme hvordan folket skal leve. "
"Vi kaller politikernes lover for positiv lov og vi kaller lovene fra "
-"dommerne sedvanerett.\"Common law\" angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes "
+"dommerne sedvanerett.<quote>Common law</quote> angir bakgrunnen for de lovgivendes "
"lovgivning; retten til lovgiving, vanligvis kan trumfe at bakgrunnen bare "
"hvis det går gjennom en lov til å forskyve den. Og så var det virkelige "
"spørsmålet etter lisensiering lover hadde utløpt om felles lov beskyttet "
#. PAGE BREAK 98
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This question was important to the publishers, or \"booksellers,\" as "
-#| "they were called, because there was growing competition from foreign "
-#| "publishers. The Scottish, in particular, were increasingly publishing and "
-#| "exporting books to England. That competition reduced the profits of the "
-#| "Conger, which reacted by demanding that Parliament pass a law to again "
-#| "give them exclusive control over publishing. That demand ultimately "
-#| "resulted in the Statute of Anne."
msgid ""
"This question was important to the publishers, or <quote>booksellers,</"
"quote> as they were called, because there was growing competition from "
"to again give them exclusive control over publishing. That demand ultimately "
"resulted in the Statute of Anne."
msgstr ""
-"Dette spørsmålet var viktig for utgiverne eller \"bokselgere,\" som de ble "
+"Dette spørsmålet var viktig for utgiverne eller <quote>bokselgere</quote>, som de ble "
"kalt, fordi det var økende konkurranse fra utenlandske utgivere, Særlig fra "
"Skottland hvor publiseringen og eksporten av bøker til England hadde økt "
-"veldig. Denne konkurransen reduserte fortjenesten til \"The Conger\", som "
+"veldig. Denne konkurransen reduserte fortjenesten til <quote>The Conger</quote>, som "
"derfor krevde at parlamentet igjen skulle vedta en lov for å gi dem "
-"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i \"Statute of "
-"Anne\"."
+"eksklusiv kontroll over publisering. Dette kravet resulterte i <quote>Statute of "
+"Anne</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The Statute of Anne granted the author or \"proprietor\" of a book an "
-#| "exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, however, "
-#| "and to the horror of the booksellers, the law gave the bookseller that "
-#| "right for a limited term. At the end of that term, the copyright "
-#| "\"expired,\" and the work would then be free and could be published by "
-#| "anyone. Or so the legislature is thought to have believed."
msgid ""
"The Statute of Anne granted the author or <quote>proprietor</quote> of a "
"book an exclusive right to print that book. In an important limitation, "
"<quote>expired,</quote> and the work would then be free and could be "
"published by anyone. Or so the legislature is thought to have believed."
msgstr ""
-"\"Statute of Anne\" ga forfatteren eller \"eieren\" av en bok en eksklusiv "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ga forfatteren eller <quote>eieren</quote> av en bok en eksklusiv "
"rett til å publisere denne boken. Men det var, til bokhandernes forferdelse "
"en viktig begrensning, nemlig hvor lenge denne retten skulle vare. Etter "
"dette gikk trykkeretten bort og verket falt i det fri og kunne trykkes av "
"men hvorfor ville de begrense retten <emphasis>i det hele tatt?</emphasis>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
-#| "strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
-#| "That play was written by Shakespeare. It was his genius that brought it "
-#| "into the world. He didn't take anybody's property when he created this "
-#| "play (that's a controversial claim, but never mind), and by his creating "
-#| "this play, he didn't make it any harder for others to craft a play. So "
-#| "why is it that the law would ever allow someone else to come along and "
-#| "take Shakespeare's play without his, or his estate's, permission? What "
-#| "reason is there to allow someone else to \"steal\" Shakespeare's work?"
msgid ""
"For the booksellers, and the authors whom they represented, had a very "
"strong claim. Take <citetitle>Romeo and Juliet</citetitle> as an example: "
"han verket, han gjorde det ikke noe vanskeligere for andre til å lage "
"skuespill. Så hvorfor skulle loven tillate at noen annen kunne komme og ta "
"Shakespeares verkuten hans, eller hans arvingers, tillatelse? Hvilke grunner "
-"finnes for å tillate at noen \"stjeler\" Shakespeares verk?"
+"finnes for å tillate at noen <quote>stjeler</quote> Shakespeares verk?"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special "
-#| "about the notion of \"copyright\" that existed at the time of the Statute "
-#| "of Anne. Second, we have to see something important about \"booksellers.\""
msgid ""
"The answer comes in two parts. We first need to see something special about "
"the notion of <quote>copyright</quote> that existed at the time of the "
"<quote>booksellers.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Svaret er todel. Først må vi se på noe spesielt med oppfatningen av "
-"opphavsrett som fantes på tidspunktet da \"Statute of Anne\" ble vedtatt. "
+"opphavsrett som fantes på tidspunktet da <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ble vedtatt. "
"Deretter må vi se på noe spesielt med bokhandlerne."
#. PAGE BREAK 99
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
-#| "apply the concept of \"copyright\" ever more broadly. But in 1710, it "
-#| "wasn't so much a concept as it was a very particular right. The copyright "
-#| "was born as a very specific set of restrictions: It forbade others from "
-#| "reprinting a book. In 1710, the \"copy-right\" was a right to use a "
-#| "particular machine to replicate a particular work. It did not go beyond "
-#| "that very narrow right. It did not control any more generally how a work "
-#| "could be <emphasis>used</emphasis>. Today the right includes a large "
-#| "collection of restrictions on the freedom of others: It grants the author "
-#| "the exclusive right to copy, the exclusive right to distribute, the "
-#| "exclusive right to perform, and so on."
msgid ""
"First, about copyright. In the last three hundred years, we have come to "
"apply the concept of <quote>copyright</quote> ever more broadly. But in "
"exclusive right to perform, and so on."
msgstr ""
"Først om opphavsretten. I de siste tre hundre år har vi kommet til å bruke "
-"begrepet \"copyright\" i stadig videre forstand. Men i 1710 var det ikke så "
+"begrepet <quote>copyright</quote> i stadig videre forstand. Men i 1710 var det ikke så "
"mye et konsept som det var en bestemt rett. Opphavsretten ble født som et "
"svært spesifikt sett med begrensninger: den forbød andre å reprodusere en "
-"bok. I 1710 var \"kopi-rett\" en rett til å bruke en bestemt maskin til å "
+"bok. I 1710 var <quote>kopi-rett</quote> en rett til å bruke en bestemt maskin til å "
"replikere en bestemt arbeid. Den gikk ikke utover dette svært smale "
"formålet. Den kontrollerte ikke mer generelt hvordan et verk kunne "
"<emphasis>brukes</emphasis>. Idag inkluderer retten en stor samling av "
"så videre."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
-#| "perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the "
-#| "term was that no one could reprint Shakespeare's work without the "
-#| "permission of the Shakespeare estate. It would not have controlled "
-#| "anything, for example, about how the work could be performed, whether the "
-#| "work could be translated, or whether Kenneth Branagh would be allowed to "
-#| "make his films. The \"copy-right\" was only an exclusive right to "
-#| "print—no less, of course, but also no more."
msgid ""
"So, for example, even if the copyright to Shakespeare's works were "
"perpetual, all that would have meant under the original meaning of the term "
"trykke Shakespeares arbeid uten tillatelse fra Shakespeares arvinger. Den "
"ville ikke ha kontrollert noe mer, for eksempel om hvordan verket kunne "
"fremføres, om verket kunne oversettes eller om Kenneth Branagh ville hatt "
-"lov til å lage filmer. \"Kopi-retten\" var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
+"lov til å lage filmer. <quote>Kopi-retten</quote> var bare en eksklusiv rett til å "
"trykke--ikke noe mindre, selvfølgelig, men heller ikke mer."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgstr "Henry VIII, Konge av England"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British. They "
-#| "had had a long and ugly experience with \"exclusive rights,\" especially "
-#| "\"exclusive rights\" granted by the Crown. The English had fought a civil "
-#| "war in part about the Crown's practice of handing out monopolies—"
-#| "especially monopolies for works that already existed. King Henry VIII "
-#| "granted a patent to print the Bible and a monopoly to Darcy to print "
-#| "playing cards. The English Parliament began to fight back against this "
-#| "power of the Crown. In 1656, it passed the Statute of Monopolies, "
-#| "limiting monopolies to patents for new inventions. And by 1710, "
-#| "Parliament was eager to deal with the growing monopoly in publishing."
msgid ""
"Even that limited right was viewed with skepticism by the British. They had "
"had a long and ugly experience with <quote>exclusive rights,</quote> "
"to deal with the growing monopoly in publishing."
msgstr ""
"Selv dnne begrensede retten ble møtt med skepsis av britene. De hadde hatt "
-"en lang og stygg erfaring med \"eksklusive rettigheter,\" spesielt \"enerett"
-"\" gitt av kronen. Engelskmennene hadde utkjempet en borgerkrig delvis mot "
+"en lang og stygg erfaring med <quote>eksklusive rettigheter</quote>, spesielt <quote>enerett"
+"</quote> gitt av kronen. Engelskmennene hadde utkjempet en borgerkrig delvis mot "
"kronens praksis med å dele ut monopoler--spesielt monopoler for verk som "
"allerede eksisterte. Kong Henrik VIII hadde gitt patent til å trykke Bibelen "
"og monopol til Darcy for å lage spillkort. Det engelske parlamentet begynte "
-"å kjempe tilbake mot denne makten hos kronen. I 1656 ble \"Statute of "
-"Monopolis\" vedtatt for å begrense monopolene på patenter for nye "
+"å kjempe tilbake mot denne makten hos kronen. I 1656 ble <quote>Statute of "
+"Monopolis</quote> vedtatt for å begrense monopolene på patenter for nye "
"oppfinnelser. Og i 1710 var parlamentet ivrig etter å håndtere det voksende "
"monopolet på publisering."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Thus the \"copy-right,\" when viewed as a monopoly right, was naturally "
-#| "viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the claim "
-#| "that \"it's my property, and I should have it forever,\" try sounding "
-#| "convincing when uttering, \"It's my monopoly, and I should have it "
-#| "forever.\") The state would protect the exclusive right, but only so long "
-#| "as it benefited society. The British saw the harms from specialinterest "
-#| "favors; they passed a law to stop them."
msgid ""
"Thus the <quote>copy-right,</quote> when viewed as a monopoly right, was "
"naturally viewed as a right that should be limited. (However convincing the "
"only so long as it benefited society. The British saw the harms from "
"specialinterest favors; they passed a law to stop them."
msgstr ""
-"Dermed ble \"kopi-retten\", når den sees på som en monopolrett, en rettighet "
-"som bør være begrenset. (Uansett hvor overbevisende påstanden om at \"det er "
-"min eiendom, og jeg skal ha for alltid,\" prøv hvor overbevisende det er når "
-"men sier \"det er mitt monopol, og jeg skal ha det for alltid.\") Staten "
+"Dermed ble <quote>kopi-retten</quote>, når den sees på som en monopolrett, en rettighet "
+"som bør være begrenset. (Uansett hvor overbevisende påstanden om at <quote>det er "
+"min eiendom, og jeg skal ha for alltid,</quote> prøv hvor overbevisende det er når "
+"men sier <quote>det er mitt monopol, og jeg skal ha det for alltid.</quote>) Staten "
"ville beskytte eneretten, men bare så lenge det gavnet samfunnet. Britene så "
"skadene særinteresserte kunne skape; de vedtok en lov for å stoppe dem."
"Property</citetitle> (New York: J. Messner, Inc., 1937), 31."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a "
-#| "monopoly. It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers. "
-#| "Booksellers sound quaint and harmless to us. They were not viewed as "
-#| "harmless in seventeenth-century England. Members of the Conger were "
-#| "increasingly seen as monopolists of the worst kind—tools of the "
-#| "Crown's repression, selling the liberty of England to guarantee "
-#| "themselves a monopoly profit. The attacks against these monopolists were "
-#| "harsh: Milton described them as \"old patentees and monopolizers in the "
-#| "trade of book-selling\"; they were \"men who do not therefore labour in "
-#| "an honest profession to which learning is indetted.\"<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Second, about booksellers. It wasn't just that the copyright was a monopoly. "
"It was also that it was a monopoly held by the booksellers. Booksellers "
"Dernest, om bokhandlerne. Det var ikke bare at kopiretten var et monopol. "
"Det var også et monopol holdt av bokhandlerne. En bokhandler høres greie og "
"ufarlige ut for oss, men slik var det ikke i syttenhundretallets England. "
-"Medlemmene i \"the Conger\" ble av en voksende mengde sett på som "
+"Medlemmene i <quote>the Conger</quote> ble av en voksende mengde sett på som "
"monopolister av verste sort - et verktøy for kronens undertrykkelse, de "
"solgte Englands frihet mot å være garantert en monopolskinntekt. Men "
-"monopolistene ble kvast kritisert: Milton beskrev dem som \"gamle "
-"patentholdere og monopolister i bokhandlerkunsten\"; de var \"menn som "
+"monopolistene ble kvast kritisert: Milton beskrev dem som <quote>gamle "
+"patentholdere og monopolister i bokhandlerkunsten</quote>; de var <quote>menn som "
"derfor ikke hadde et ærlig arbeide hvor utdanning er nødvendig."
-"
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+"
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Når 1731 (1710+21) kom, ble bokhandlerne engstelige. De så konsekvensene av "
"mer konkurranse, og som alle konkurrenter, likte de det ikke. Først "
-"ignorerte bokhandlere ganske enkelt \"Statute of Anne\", og fortsatte å "
+"ignorerte bokhandlere ganske enkelt <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, og fortsatte å "
"kreve en evigvarende rett til å kontrollere publiseringen. Men i 1735 og "
"1737 de prøvde å tvinge Parlamentet til å utvide periodene. Tjueen år var "
"ikke nok, sa de; de trengte mer tid."
"bokhandlernes personlige rikdom.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a "
-#| "series of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of "
-#| "Anne gave authors certain protections through positive law, but those "
-#| "protections were not intended as replacements for the common law. "
-#| "Instead, they were intended simply to supplement the common law. Under "
-#| "common law, it was already wrong to take another person's creative "
-#| "\"property\" and use it without his permission. The Statute of Anne, the "
-#| "booksellers argued, didn't change that. Therefore, just because the "
-#| "protections of the Statute of Anne expired, that didn't mean the "
-#| "protections of the common law expired: Under the common law they had the "
-#| "right to ban the publication of a book, even if its Statute of Anne "
-#| "copyright had expired. This, they argued, was the only way to protect "
-#| "authors."
msgid ""
"Having failed in Parliament, the publishers turned to the courts in a series "
"of cases. Their argument was simple and direct: The Statute of Anne gave "
"the only way to protect authors."
msgstr ""
"Etter å ha mislyktes i Parlamentet gikk utgiverne til rettssalen i en rekke "
-"saker. Deres argument var enkelt og direkte: \"Statute of Anne\" ga "
+"saker. Deres argument var enkelt og direkte: <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> ga "
"forfatterne en viss beskyttelse gjennom positiv loven, men denne "
"beskyttelsenvar ikke ment som en erstatning for felles lov. Istedet var de "
"ment å supplere felles lov. Ifølge sedvanerett var det galt å ta en annen "
-"persons kreative eiendom og bruke den uten hans tillatelse. \"Statute of Anne"
-"\", hevdet bokhandlere, endret ikke dette faktum. Derfor betydde ikke det at "
-"beskyttelsen gitt av \"Statute of Anne\" utløp, at beskyttelsen fra "
+"persons kreative eiendom og bruke den uten hans tillatelse. <quote>Statute of Anne"
+"</quote>, hevdet bokhandlere, endret ikke dette faktum. Derfor betydde ikke det at "
+"beskyttelsen gitt av <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> utløp, at beskyttelsen fra "
"sedvaneretten utløp: Ifølge sedvaneretten hadde de rett til å fordømme "
-"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om \"Statute of Anne\" sa at de var "
+"publiseringen av en bok, selv følgelig om <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> sa at de var "
"falt i det fri. Dette, mente de, var den eneste måten å beskytte forfatterne."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For a "
-#| "wonderfully compelling account, see Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For a "
"wonderfully compelling account, see Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Lyman Ray Patterson, \"Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use,\" "
+"Lyman Ray Patterson, <quote>Free Speech, Copyright, and Fair Use</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Vanderbilt Law Review</citetitle> 40 (1987): 28. For en "
"fantastisk overbevisende fortelling, se Vaidhyanathan, 37–48. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
-#| "leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. "
-#| "Until then, as law professor Raymond Patterson has put it, \"The "
-#| "publishers … had as much concern for authors as a cattle rancher "
-#| "has for cattle.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The bookseller "
-#| "didn't care squat for the rights of the author. His concern was the "
-#| "monopoly profit that the author's work gave."
msgid ""
"This was a clever argument, and one that had the support of some of the "
"leading jurists of the day. It also displayed extraordinary chutzpah. Until "
msgstr ""
"Dette var et godt argument, og hadde støtte fra flere av den tidens ledende "
"jurister. Det viste også en ekstraordinær chutzpah. Inntail da, som "
-"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, \"var utgiverne … like "
-"bekymret for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.
\"<placeholder type="
+"jusprofessor Raymond Pattetson har sagt, <quote>var utgiverne … like "
+"bekymret for forfatterne som en gjeter for sine lam.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bokselgerne brydde seg ikke det spor om forfatternes "
"rettigheter. Deres bekymring var den monopolske inntekten forfatterens verk "
"ga."
msgstr "Erskine, Andrew"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
-#| "Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
-#| "\"of standard works whose copyright term had expired,\" at least under "
-#| "the Statute of Anne.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldson's "
-#| "publishing house prospered and became \"something of a center for "
-#| "literary Scotsmen.\" \"[A]mong them,\" Professor Mark Rose writes, was "
-#| "\"the young James Boswell who, together with his friend Andrew Erskine, "
-#| "published an anthology of contemporary Scottish poems with Donaldson."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
-#| "\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgid ""
"Donaldson was an outsider to the London Conger. He began his career in "
"Edinburgh in 1750. The focus of his business was inexpensive reprints "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"3\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Donaldson var en fremmed for Londons \"the Conger\". Han startet in karriere "
+"Donaldson var en fremmed for Londons <quote>the Conger</quote>. Han startet in karriere "
"i Edinburgh i 1750. Hans forretningsidé var billige kopier av standardverk "
-"falt i det fri, ihvertfall fri ifølge
\"Statute of Anne\".<placeholder type="
-"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldsons forlag vokste og ble \"et sentrum for "
-"litterære skotter.\" \"Blant dem,\" skriver professor Mark Rose, var \"den "
+"falt i det fri, ihvertfall fri ifølge
<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>.<placeholder type="
+"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Donaldsons forlag vokste og ble <quote>et sentrum for "
+"litterære skotter.</quote> <quote>Blant dem,</quote> skriver professor Mark Rose, var <quote>den "
"unge James Boswell som, sammen med sin venn Andrew Erskine, publiserte en "
-"hel antologi av skotsk samtidspoesi sammen med Donaldson.
\"<placeholder type="
+"hel antologi av skotsk samtidspoesi sammen med Donaldson.
</quote><placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
"citetitle>, 167 (quoting Borwell)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in "
-#| "Scotland, he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold "
-#| "inexpensive editions \"of the most popular English books, in defiance of "
-#| "the supposed common law right of Literary Property.\"<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> His books undercut the Conger prices by 30 to 50 "
-#| "percent, and he rested his right to compete upon the ground that, under "
-#| "the Statute of Anne, the works he was selling had passed out of "
-#| "protection."
msgid ""
"When the London booksellers tried to shut down Donaldson's shop in Scotland, "
"he responded by moving his shop to London, where he sold inexpensive "
"Statute of Anne, the works he was selling had passed out of protection."
msgstr ""
"Da Londons bokselgere prøvde å få stengt Donaldsons butikk i Skottland, så "
-"flyttet han butikken til London. Her solgte han billige utgaver av \"de mest "
+"flyttet han butikken til London. Her solgte han billige utgaver av <quote>de mest "
"populære, engelske bøker, i kamp mot sedvanerettens rett til litterær "
-"eiendom.
\" <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bøkene hans var mellom "
-"30% og 50% billigere enn \"the Conger\"s, og han baserte sin rett til denne "
-"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være \"Statute of Anne\", var falt i det "
+"eiendom.
</quote> <placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Bøkene hans var mellom "
+"30% og 50% billigere enn <quote>the Conger</quote>s, og han baserte sin rett til denne "
+"konkurransen på at bøkene, takket være <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, var falt i det "
"fri."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block \"piracy\" like "
-#| "Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the \"pirates,\" "
-#| "the most important early victory being <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. "
-#| "<citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
msgid ""
"The London booksellers quickly brought suit to block <quote>piracy</quote> "
"like Donaldson's. A number of actions were successful against the "
"<quote>pirates,</quote> the most important early victory being "
"<citetitle>Millar</citetitle> v. <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
-"Londons bokselgere begynte straks å slå ned mot \"pirater\" som Donaldson. "
+"Londons bokselgere begynte straks å slå ned mot <quote>pirater</quote> som Donaldson. "
"Flere tiltak var vellykkede, den viktigste var den tidlig seieren i kampen "
"mellom <citetitle>Millar</citetitle> og <citetitle>Taylor</citetitle>."
#. f11
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-#| "Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law "
-#| "Review</citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
msgid ""
"Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,</quote> <citetitle>Wayne Law "
"Review</citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
msgstr ""
-"Howard B. Abrams, \"The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
-"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright,\" <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
+"Howard B. Abrams, <quote>The Historic Foundation of American Copyright Law: "
+"Exploding the Myth of Common Law Copyright</quote>, <citetitle>Wayne Law Review</"
"citetitle> 29 (1983): 1152."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
-#| "Thomson's poem \"The Seasons.\" Millar complied with the requirements of "
-#| "the Statute of Anne, and therefore received the full protection of the "
-#| "statute. After the term of copyright ended, Robert Taylor began printing "
-#| "a competing volume. Millar sued, claiming a perpetual common law right, "
-#| "the Statute of Anne notwithstanding.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
-#| "\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Millar was a bookseller who in 1729 had purchased the rights to James "
"Thomson's poem <quote>The Seasons.</quote> Millar complied with the "
"\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"Millar var en bokhandler som i 1729 hadde kjøpt opp rettighetene til James "
-"Thomsons dikt \"The Seasons\". Millar hadde da full beskyttelse gjennom "
-"\"Statute of Anne\", men etter at denne beskyttelsen var uløpt, begynte "
+"Thomsons dikt <quote>The Seasons</quote>. Millar hadde da full beskyttelse gjennom "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, men etter at denne beskyttelsen var uløpt, begynte "
"Robert Taylor å trykke et konkurrerende bind. Millar gikk til sak, og hevdet "
-"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva \"Statute of Anne"
-"\" sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
-#| "history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
-#| "the Statute of Anne gave booksellers, it did not, he held, extinguish any "
-#| "common law right. The question was whether the common law would protect "
-#| "the author against subsequent \"pirates.\" Mansfield's answer was yes: "
-#| "The common law would bar Taylor from reprinting Thomson's poem without "
-#| "Millar's permission. That common law rule thus effectively gave the "
-#| "booksellers a perpetual right to control the publication of any book "
-#| "assigned to them."
+"han hadde en evig rett gjennom sedvaneretten, uansett hva <quote>Statute of Anne"
+"</quote> sa.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"Astonishingly to modern lawyers, one of the greatest judges in English "
"history, Lord Mansfield, agreed with the booksellers. Whatever protection "
msgstr ""
"Til moderne juristers forbløffelse, var en av, ikke bare datidens, men en av "
"de største dommere i engelsk historie, Lord Mansfield, enig med "
-"bokhandlerne. Uansett hvilken beskyttelse \"Statute of Anne\" gav "
+"bokhandlerne. Uansett hvilken beskyttelse <quote>Statute of Anne</quote> gav "
"bokhandlerne, så sa han at den ikke fortrengte noe fra sedvaneretten. "
-"Spørsmålet var hvorvidt sedvaneretten beskyttet forfatterne mot pirater. "
+"Spørsmålet var hvorvidt sedvaneretten beskyttet forfatterne mot <quote>pirater</quote>. "
"Mansfield svar var ja: Sedvaneretten nektet Taylor å reprodusere Thomsons "
"dikt uten Millars tillatelse. Slik gav sedvaneretten bokselgerne en evig "
"publiseringsrett til bøker solgt til dem."
"The fight to defend the limits of the Statute of Anne was not to end there, "
"however, and it is here that Donaldson enters the mix."
msgstr ""
-"Kampen for å forsvare \"Statute of Anne\"s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
+"Kampen for å forsvare <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>s begrensninger sluttet uansett "
"ikke der, for nå kommer Donaldson."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
"Rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot <citetitle>Beckett</"
"citetitle> fikk en enorm oppmerksomhet i hele Storbritannia. Donaldsons "
"advokater mente at selv om det før fantes en del rettigheter i "
-"sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av \"Statute of Anne\". Etter at "
-"\"Statute of Anne\" var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige beskyttelse "
+"sedvaneretten, så var disse fortrengt av <quote>Statute of Anne</quote>. Etter at "
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote> var blitt vedtatt, skulle den eneste lovlige beskyttelse "
"for trykkerett kom derfra. Og derfor, mente de, i tråd med vilkårene i "
-"\"Statute of Anne\", falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
+"<quote>Statute of Anne</quote>, falle i det fri så fort beskyttelsesperioden var over."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented "
-#| "to the House and voted upon first by the \"law lords,\" members of "
-#| "special legal distinction who functioned much like the Justices in our "
-#| "Supreme Court. Then, after the law lords voted, the House of Lords "
-#| "generally voted."
msgid ""
"The House of Lords was an odd institution. Legal questions were presented to "
"the House and voted upon first by the <quote>law lords,</quote> members of "
"voted."
msgstr ""
"Overhuset var en merkelig institusjon. Juridiske spørsmål ble presentert for "
-"huset, og ble først stemt over av \"juslorder\", medlemmer av enspesiell "
+"huset, og ble først stemt over av <quote>juslorder</quote>, medlemmer av enspesiell "
"rettslig gruppe som fungerte nesten slik som justiariusene i vår "
-"Høyesterett. Deretter, etter at \"juslordene\" hadde stemt, stemte resten av "
+"Høyesterett. Deretter, etter at <quote>juslordene</quote> hadde stemt, stemte resten av "
"Overhuset."
#. PAGE BREAK 104
msgstr "Shakespeare, William"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"The public domain.\" Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</"
-#| "citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of "
-#| "a public domain in England. Before 1774, there was a strong argument that "
-#| "common law copyrights were perpetual. After 1774, the public domain was "
-#| "born. For the first time in Anglo-American history, the legal control "
-#| "over creative works expired, and the greatest works in English "
-#| "history—including those of Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Johnson, and "
-#| "Bunyan—were free of legal restraint. <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
-#| "\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
msgid ""
"<quote>The public domain.</quote> Before the case of <citetitle>Donaldson</"
"citetitle> v. <citetitle>Beckett</citetitle>, there was no clear idea of a "
"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Å falle i det fri\". Før rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot "
+"<quote>Å falle i det fri</quote>. Før rettssaken <citetitle>Donaldson</citetitle> mot "
"<citetitle>Beckett</citetitle> var det ingen klar oppfatning om hva å falle "
"i det fri innebar. Før 1774 var det jo en allmenn oppfatning om at "
"kopiretten var evigvarende. Men etter 1774 ble Public Domain født.For første "
msgstr "Rose, 97."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords "
-#| "fueled an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, "
-#| "where most of the \"pirate publishers\" did their work, people celebrated "
-#| "the decision in the streets. As the <citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</"
-#| "citetitle> reported, \"No private cause has so much engrossed the "
-#| "attention of the public, and none has been tried before the House of "
-#| "Lords in the decision of which so many individuals were interested.\" "
-#| "\"Great rejoicing in Edinburgh upon victory over literary property: "
-#| "bonfires and illuminations.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"It is hard for us to imagine, but this decision by the House of Lords fueled "
"an extraordinarily popular and political reaction. In Scotland, where most "
"Vi kan knapt forestille oss det, men denne avgjørelsen fra Overhuset fyrte "
"opp under en svært populær og politisk reaksjon. I Skottland, hvor de fleste "
"piratugiverne hadde holdt til, ble avgjørelsen feiret i gatene. Som "
-"<citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> skrev \"Ingen privatsak har noen "
+"<citetitle>Edinburgh Advertiser</citetitle> skrev <quote>Ingen privatsak har noen "
"gang fått slik oppmerksomhet fra folket, og ingen sak som har blitt prøvet i "
-"Overhuset har interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.\" \"Stor glede i "
-"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*."
+"Overhuset har interessert så mange enkeltmennesker.</quote> <quote>Stor glede i "
+"Edinburgh etter seieren over litterær eiendom: bål og *illuminations*.</quote>"
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 105
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"Ruined\" is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an exaggeration to "
-#| "say that the change was profound. The decision of the House of Lords "
-#| "meant that the booksellers could no longer control how culture in England "
-#| "would grow and develop. Culture in England was thereafter <emphasis>free</"
-#| "emphasis>. Not in the sense that copyrights would not be respected, for "
-#| "of course, for a limited time after a work was published, the bookseller "
-#| "had an exclusive right to control the publication of that book. And not "
-#| "in the sense that books could be stolen, for even after a copyright "
-#| "expired, you still had to buy the book from someone. But <emphasis>free</"
-#| "emphasis> in the sense that the culture and its growth would no longer be "
-#| "controlled by a small group of publishers. As every free market does, "
-#| "this free market of free culture would grow as the consumers and "
-#| "producers chose. English culture would develop as the many English "
-#| "readers chose to let it develop— chose in the books they bought and "
-#| "wrote; chose in the memes they repeated and endorsed. Chose in a "
-#| "<emphasis>competitive context</emphasis>, not a context in which the "
-#| "choices about what culture is available to people and how they get access "
-#| "to it are made by the few despite the wishes of the many."
msgid ""
"<quote>Ruined</quote> is a bit of an exaggeration. But it is not an "
"exaggeration to say that the change was profound. The decision of the House "
"available to people and how they get access to it are made by the few "
"despite the wishes of the many."
msgstr ""
-"Ruinert er en overdrivelse. Men det er ingen overdrivelse å si at endringen "
+"<quote>Ruinert</quote> er en overdrivelse. Men det er ingen overdrivelse å si at endringen "
"var stor. Vedtaket fra Overhuset betydde at bokhandlerne ikke lenger kunnen "
"kontrollere hvordan kulturen i England ville vokse og utvikle seg. Kulturen "
"i England var etter dette <emphasis>fri</emphasis>. Ikke i den betydning at "
"med å fange det spesielle med scenen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
-#| "attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
-#| "Simpsons</citetitle>. For of course, those few seconds are copyrighted; "
-#| "and of course, to use copyrighted material you need the permission of the "
-#| "copyright owner, unless \"fair use\" or some other privilege applies."
msgid ""
"Years later, when he finally got funding to complete the film, Else "
"attempted to clear the rights for those few seconds of <citetitle>The "
"finansieringen, ville Else skaffe rettigheter til å bruke disse få sekundene "
"med <citetitle>The Simpson</citetitle>. For disse få sekundene var selvsagt "
"beskyttet av opphavsretten, og for å bruke beskyttet materiale må man ha "
-"tillatelse fra eieren, dersom det ikke er \"rimelig bruk\" eller det "
+"tillatelse fra eieren, dersom det ikke er <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> eller det "
"foreligger spesielle avtaler."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Then, as Else told me, \"two things happened. First we discovered "
-#| "… that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at "
-#| "least that someone [at Fox] believes he doesn't own his own creation.\" "
-#| "And second, Fox \"wanted ten thousand dollars as a licensing fee for us "
-#| "to use this four-point-five seconds of … entirely unsolicited "
-#| "<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.\""
msgid ""
"Then, as Else told me, <quote>two things happened. First we discovered "
"… that Matt Groening doesn't own his own creation—or at least "
"use this four-point-five seconds of … entirely unsolicited "
"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> which was in the corner of the shot.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"Deretter, fortalte Else: \"skjedde to ting. Først oppdaget vi … at "
+"Deretter, fortalte Else: <quote>skjedde to ting. Først oppdaget vi … at "
"Matt Groening ikke eide sitt eget verk — ihvertfall at noen [hos Fox] "
-"trodde at han ikke eide sitt eget verk.\" Som det andre krevde Fox \"ti "
+"trodde at han ikke eide sitt eget verk.</quote> Som det andre krevde Fox <quote>ti "
"tusen dollar i lisensavgift for disse fire og et halvt sekundene med "
"… fullstendig tilfeldig <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle> som var i et "
-"hjørne i ett opptak.\""
+"hjørne i ett opptak.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
-#| "thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera. He "
-#| "explained to her, \"There must be some mistake here. … We're "
-#| "asking for your educational rate on this.\" That was the educational "
-#| "rate, Herrera told Else. A day or so later, Else called again to confirm "
-#| "what he had been told."
msgid ""
"Else was certain there was a mistake. He worked his way up to someone he "
"thought was a vice president for licensing, Rebecca Herrera. He explained "
msgstr ""
"Ellers var sikker på at det var en feil. Han fikk tak i noen som han trodde "
"var nestleder for lisensiering, Rebecca Herrera. Han forklarte for henne at "
-"\"det må være en feil her … Vi ber deg om en utdanningssats på dette."
-"\" Og de hadde fått utdanningssats, fortalte Herrera. Kort tid etter ringte "
+"<quote>det må være en feil her … Vi ber deg om en utdanningssats på dette."
+"</quote> Og de hadde fått utdanningssats, fortalte Herrera. Kort tid etter ringte "
"Else igjen for å få dette bekreftet."
#. PAGE BREAK 108
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,\" he told me. \"Yes, you "
-#| "have your facts straight,\" she said. It would cost $10,000 to use the "
-#| "clip of <citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle> in the corner of a shot in a "
-#| "documentary film about Wagner's Ring Cycle. And then, astonishingly, "
-#| "Herrera told Else, \"And if you quote me, I'll turn you over to our "
-#| "attorneys.\" As an assistant to Herrera told Else later on, \"They don't "
-#| "give a shit. They just want the money.\""
msgid ""
"<quote>I wanted to make sure I had my facts straight,</quote> he told me. "
"<quote>Yes, you have your facts straight,</quote> she said. It would cost "
"over to our attorneys.</quote> As an assistant to Herrera told Else later "
"on, <quote>They don't give a shit. They just want the money.</quote>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Jeg måtte være sikker på at jeg hadde riktige opplysninger foran meg,\" sa "
-"han. \"Ja, du har riktige opplysninger,\" sa hun. Det ville koste $10 000 å "
+"<quote>Jeg måtte være sikker på at jeg hadde riktige opplysninger foran meg</quote>, sa "
+"han. <quote>Ja, du har riktige opplysninger</quote>, sa hun. Det ville koste $10 000 å "
"bruke dette lille klippet av <citetitle>The Simpson</citetitle>, plassert "
"bakerst i et hjørne i en scene i en dokumentar om Wagners Ring Cycle. Som om "
-"det ikke var nok, forbløffet Herrera Else med å si \"Og om du siterer meg, "
-"vil du høre fra våre advokater.\" En av Herreras assistenter fortalte Else "
-"at \"De bryr seg ikke i det heletatt. Alt de vil ha er pengene.\""
+"det ikke var nok, forbløffet Herrera Else med å si <quote>Og om du siterer meg, "
+"vil du høre fra våre advokater.</quote> En av Herreras assistenter fortalte Else "
+"at <quote>De bryr seg ikke i det heletatt. Alt de vil ha er pengene.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Day After Trinity, The"
"hvilken som helst bruk (hvor loven krever tillatelse fra eier)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For example, \"public performance\" is a use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
-#| "citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
-#| "selection of favorite episodes, rent a movie theater, and charge for "
-#| "tickets to come see \"My Favorite <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>,\" then "
-#| "you need to get permission from the copyright owner. And the copyright "
-#| "owner (rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or "
-#| "$1,000,000. That's her right, as set by the law."
msgid ""
"For example, <quote>public performance</quote> is a use of <citetitle>The "
"Simpsons</citetitle> that the copyright owner gets to control. If you take a "
"(rightly, in my view) can charge whatever she wants—$10 or $1,000,000. "
"That's her right, as set by the law."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel \"offentlig fremvisning\"* av <citetitle>The Simpson</"
+"For eksempel <quote>offentlig fremvisning</quote>* av <citetitle>The Simpson</"
"citetitle> er en form for bruk hvor loven gir eieren kontroll. Dersom du "
"velger ut dine favorittepisoder, leier en kinosal og selger billetter til "
-"\"Mine <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle>-favoritter\", så må du ha tillatelse "
+"<quote>Mine <citetitle>Simpson</citetitle>-favoritter</quote>, så må du ha tillatelse "
"fra rettighetsinnhaveren (eieren). Og eieren kan (med rette, slik jeg ser "
"det) kreve hvor mye han vil; $10ellr $1 000 000. Det er hans rett ifølge "
"loven."
#. f1
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For an excellent argument that such use is \"fair use,\" but that lawyers "
-#| "don't permit recognition that it is \"fair use,\" see Richard A. Posner "
-#| "with William F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of "
-#| "<citetitle>Eldred</citetitle>\" (draft on file with author), University "
-#| "of Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
msgid ""
"For an excellent argument that such use is <quote>fair use,</quote> but that "
"lawyers don't permit recognition that it is <quote>fair use,</quote> see "
"Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</citetitle></quote> (draft on file "
"with author), University of Chicago Law School, 5 August 2003."
msgstr ""
-"Ønsker du å lese en flott redegjørelse om hvordan dette er \"fair use\", og "
+"Ønsker du å lese en flott redegjørelse om hvordan dette er <quote>fair use</quote>, og "
"hvordan advokatene ikke anerkjenner det, så les Richard A. Posner og William "
-"F. Patry, \"Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</"
-"citetitle> \" (utkast arkivert hos forfatteren), University of Chicago Law "
+"F. Patry, <quote>Fair Use and Statutory Reform in the Wake of <citetitle>Eldred</"
+"citetitle> </quote> (utkast arkivert hos forfatteren), University of Chicago Law "
"School, 5. august 2003."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first "
-#| "thought is \"fair use.\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
-#| "use of just 4.5 seconds of an indirect shot of a <citetitle>Simpsons</"
-#| "citetitle> episode is clearly a fair use of <citetitle>The Simpsons</"
-#| "citetitle>—and fair use does not require the permission of anyone."
msgid ""
"But when lawyers hear this story about Jon Else and Fox, their first thought "
"is <quote>fair use.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Else's "
"citetitle>—and fair use does not require the permission of anyone."
msgstr ""
"Men når jurister hører denne historien om Jon Else og Fox, så er deres "
-"første tanke
\"rimelig bruk\".<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"første tanke
<quote>rimelig bruk</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
"Elses bruk av 4,5 sekunder med et indirekte klipp av en <citetitle>Simpsons</"
-"citetitle>-episode er et klart eksempel på \"rimelig bruk\" av "
-"<citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>— og \"rimelig bruk\" krever ingen "
+"citetitle>-episode er et klart eksempel på <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> av "
+"<citetitle>The Simpsons</citetitle>— og <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> krever ingen "
"tillatelse fra noen."
#. PAGE BREAK 109
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon \"fair use.\" Here's his "
-#| "reply:"
msgid ""
"So I asked Else why he didn't just rely upon <quote>fair use.</quote> Here's "
"his reply:"
msgstr ""
-"Så jeg spurte Else om hvorfor han ikke bare stolte på \"fair use\". Og her "
+"Så jeg spurte Else om hvorfor han ikke bare stolte på <quote>fair use</quote>. Og her "
"er hans svar:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in "
-#| "the gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and "
-#| "what is crushingly relevant in practice to those of us actually trying to "
-#| "make and broadcast documentaries. I never had any doubt that it was "
-#| "\"clearly fair use\" in an absolute legal sense. But I couldn't rely on "
-#| "the concept in any concrete way. Here's why:"
msgid ""
"The <citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle> fiasco was for me a great lesson in the "
"gulf between what lawyers find irrelevant in some abstract sense, and what "
"<citetitle>Simpsons</citetitle>-fiaskoen lærte meg om hvor stor avstand det "
"var mellom det jurister finner urelevant på en abstrakt måte, og hva som er "
"knusende relevant på en konkret måte for oss som prøver å lage og kringkaste "
-"dokumentarer. Jeg tvilte aldri på at dette helt klart var \"rimelig bruk\", "
+"dokumentarer. Jeg tvilte aldri på at dette helt klart var <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>, "
"men jeg kunne ikke stole på konseptet på noen konkret måte. Og dette er "
"grunnen:"
#. 1.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy "
-#| "Errors and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed \"visual "
-#| "cue sheet\" listing the source and licensing status of each shot in the "
-#| "film. They take a dim view of \"fair use,\" and a claim of \"fair use\" "
-#| "can grind the application process to a halt."
msgid ""
"Before our films can be broadcast, the network requires that we buy Errors "
"and Omissions insurance. The carriers require a detailed <quote>visual cue "
"film. They take a dim view of <quote>fair use,</quote> and a claim of "
"<quote>fair use</quote> can grind the application process to a halt."
msgstr ""
-"Før våre filmer kan kringkastes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper en \"Errors "
-"and Omissions\"-forsikring. Den krever en detailjert \"visual cue sheet\" "
+"Før våre filmer kan kringkastes, krever nettverket at vi kjøper en <quote>Errors "
+"and Omissions</quote>-forsikring. Den krever en detailjert <quote>visual cue sheet</quote> "
"med alle kilder og lisens-status på alle scener i filmen. De har et smalt "
-"syn på \"fair use\", og å påstå at noe er nettopp det kan forsinke, og i "
+"syn på <quote>fair use</quote>, og å påstå at noe er nettopp det kan forsinke, og i "
"verste fall stoppe, prosessen."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
#. 3.
#. PAGE BREAK 110
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
-#| "… who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
-#| "would \"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life,\" "
-#| "regardless of the merits of my claim. He made clear that it would boil "
-#| "down to who had the bigger legal department and the deeper pockets, me or "
-#| "them."
msgid ""
"I did, in fact, speak with one of your colleagues at Stanford Law School "
"… who confirmed that it was fair use. He also confirmed that Fox "
msgstr ""
"Jeg snakket faktisk med en av dine kolleger på Stanford Law School … "
"som bekreftet at dette var rimelig bruk. Han bekreftet også at Fox ville "
-"\"depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life\", uavhengig av "
+"<quote>depose and litigate you to within an inch of your life</quote>, uavhengig av "
"sannheten i mine krav. Han gjorde det klart at alt ville koke ned til hvem "
"som hadde flest jurister og dypest lommer, jeg eller dem."
"The question of fair use usually comes up at the end of the project, when we "
"are up against a release deadline and out of money."
msgstr ""
-"Spørsmålet om \"fair use\" dukker om regel opp helt mot slutten av "
+"Spørsmålet om <quote>fair use</quote> dukker om regel opp helt mot slutten av "
"prosjektet, når vi nærmer oss siste frist og er tomme for penger."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
"effective fair use for many types of creators is slight. The law has the "
"right aim; practice has defeated the aim."
msgstr ""
-"I teorien betyr \"fair use\" at du ikke trenger tillatelse. Teorien støtter "
+"I teorien betyr <quote>fair use</quote> at du ikke trenger tillatelse. Teorien støtter "
"derfor den frie kultur og arbeider mot tillatelseskulturen. Men i praksis "
-"fungerer \"fair use\" helt annerledes. Men de uklare linjene i lovverket, "
+"fungerer <quote>fair use</quote> helt annerledes. Men de uklare linjene i lovverket, "
"samt de fryktelige konsekvensene dersom man tar feil, gjør at mange "
-"kunstnere ikke stoler på \"fair use\". Loven har en svært god hensikt, men "
+"kunstnere ikke stoler på <quote>fair use</quote>. Loven har en svært god hensikt, men "
"praksisen har ikke fulgt opp."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
msgstr "Nimmer, David"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
-#| "perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He "
-#| "had an astonished look on his face, as he peered across the room of over "
-#| "250 well-entertained judges. Taking an ominous tone, he began his talk "
-#| "with a question: \"Do you know how many federal laws were just violated "
-#| "in this room?\""
msgid ""
"When the lights came up, I looked over to my copanelist, David Nimmer, "
"perhaps the leading copyright scholar and practitioner in the nation. He had "
"kanskje den ledende opphavsrettakademiker og utøver i nasjonen. Han hadde en "
"forbauset uttrykk i ansiktet sitt, mens han tittet ut over rommet med over "
"250 godt underholdte dommere. Med en en illevarslende tone, begynte han sin "
-"tale med et spørsmål: \"Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
-"i dette rommet?\""
+"tale med et spørsmål: <quote>Vet dere hvor mange føderale lover som nettopp brutt "
+"i dette rommet?</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Boies, David"
#. f7
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-#| "Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> "
-#| "47 (1997): 87."
msgid ""
"See, for example, James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
"Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</"
"citetitle> 47 (1997): 87."
msgstr ""
-"Se for eksempel James Boyle, \"A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
-"Environmentalism for the Net?\" <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
+"Se for eksempel James Boyle, <quote>A Politics of Intellectual Property: "
+"Environmentalism for the Net?</quote> <citetitle>Duke Law Journal</citetitle> 47 "
"(1997): 87."
#. PAGE BREAK 141
"endringer, så vel som ordrett opprinnelige arbeidet."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
-#| "citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-#| "culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-#| "\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage,</quote> <citetitle>Legal "
"Affairs</citetitle>, July/August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Zittrain, \"The Copyright Cage,\" <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
+"Jonathan Zittrain, <quote>The Copyright Cage</quote>, <citetitle>Legal Affairs</"
"citetitle>, julu/august 2003,tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #26</ulink>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
"diagrammet på neste side)."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
-#| "remain unregulated because the law considers these \"fair uses.\""
msgid ""
"Finally, there is a tiny sliver of otherwise regulated copying uses that "
"remain unregulated because the law considers these <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
msgstr ""
"Til slutt er det en tynn skive av ellers regulert kopierings-bruk som "
-"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som \"rimelig bruk\"."
+"forblir uregluert på grunn av at loven anser dette som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
msgid ""
"grunner."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Unregulated copying considered "fair uses.""
msgid "Unregulated copying considered <quote>fair uses.</quote>"
-msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som "rimelig bruk"."
+msgstr "Uregulert kopiering anses som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1542.png\"></graphic>"
#. f19
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
-#| "Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgid ""
"See David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Law and Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
msgstr ""
-"Se David Lange, \"Recognizing the Public Domain,\" <citetitle>Law and "
+"Se David Lange, <quote>Recognizing the Public Domain</quote>, <citetitle>Law and "
"Contemporary Problems</citetitle> 44 (1981): 172–73."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"citetitle>, 1–3. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner "
-#| "Brothers that the Marx Brothers \"were brothers long before you were."
-#| "\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Marx Brothers therefore "
-#| "owned the word <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>, and if Warner Brothers "
-#| "insisted on trying to control <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, then the "
-#| "Marx Brothers would insist on control over <citetitle>brothers</"
-#| "citetitle>."
msgid ""
"This led the Marx Brothers to respond in kind. They warned Warner Brothers "
"that the Marx Brothers <quote>were brothers long before you were.</"
"Marx Brothers would insist on control over <citetitle>brothers</citetitle>."
msgstr ""
"Dette fikk Marx-brødrene til å svare tilbake med samme mynt. De advarte "
-"Warner Brothers om at Marx-brødrene \"var brødre lenge før dere var det\"."
+"Warner Brothers om at Marx-brødrene <quote>var brødre lenge før dere var det</quote>."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Marx-brødrene eide derfor ordet "
"<citetitle>Brothers</citetitle>, og hvis Warner Brothers insisterte på å "
"forsøke å kontrollere <citetitle>Casablanca</citetitle>, så ville Marx-"
"id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s "Politics""
msgid "E-book of Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>"
msgstr "E-bok av Aristoteles <quote>Politikk</quote>"
"hele tatt. men heldigvis kan du bruke lese høyt knappen for å høre boken."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s <quote>Politics</quote>."
msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
"opprinnelige e-bok-versjonen av boken min siste, fremtiden for idéer:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
msgid "List of the permissions for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
-msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for <quote>The Future of Ideas</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1631.png\"></graphic>"
"du klikket på tillatelser for boken, fikk du det fulgte rapporten:"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure><title>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "List of the permissions for Aristotle;s "Politics"."
msgid ""
"List of the permissions for <quote>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</quote>."
-msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for Aristotles "Politikk"."
+msgstr "Liste med tillatelser for <quote>Alice i Eventyrland</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><figure>
msgid "<graphic fileref=\"images/1641.png\"></graphic>"
"artikkel om rupert murdoch,"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
-#| "citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
-#| "\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch,</quote> <citetitle>Atlantic "
"Monthly</citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"James Fallows, \"The Age of Murdoch,\" <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
+"James Fallows, <quote>The Age of Murdoch</quote>, <citetitle>Atlantic Monthly</"
"citetitle> (September 2003): 89. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#. f32
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
-#| "Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,</quote> <citetitle>Now with "
"Bill Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, edited transcript "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation,\" <citetitle>Now with Bill "
+"<quote>Barry Diller Takes on Media Deregulation</quote>, <citetitle>Now with Bill "
"Moyers</citetitle>, Bill Moyers, 25 April 2003, redigert avskrift "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #31</"
"ulink>."
"controversial.</quote> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" "
"id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type="
-"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/>"
+"\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"5\"/> "
+"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"6\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
"enn nå."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his \"four surrenders\" of "
-#| "copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, 159–60. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Siva Vaidhyanathan captures a similar point in his <quote>four surrenders</"
"quote> of copyright law in the digital age. See Vaidhyanathan, "
"159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Siva Vaidhyanathan fanger et lignende poeng i hans \"fire kapitulasjoner\" "
+"Siva Vaidhyanathan fanger et lignende poeng i hans <quote>fire kapitulasjoner</quote> "
"for opphavsrettsloven i den digitale tidsalder. Se Vaidhyanathan, "
"159–60. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). See H. G. Wells, "
-#| "<citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, "
-#| "Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
msgid ""
"H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). See H. G. "
"Wells, <citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, "
"Michael Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
msgstr ""
-"H. G. Wells, \"The Country of the Blind\" (1904, 1911). Se H. G. Wells, "
+"H. G. Wells, <quote>The Country of the Blind</quote> (1904, 1911). Se H. G. Wells, "
"<citetitle>The Country of the Blind and Other Stories</citetitle>, Michael "
"Sherborne, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)."
msgstr "Worldcom"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
-#| "WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, "
-#| "204; for details of the settlement, see MCI press release, \"MCI Wins U."
-#| "S. District Court Approval for SEC Settlement\" (7 July 2003), available "
-#| "at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"See Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at "
"WorldCom</citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; "
msgstr ""
"Se Lynne W. Jeter, <citetitle>Disconnected: Deceit and Betrayal at WorldCom</"
"citetitle> (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 176, 204; for "
-"detaljer om dette forliket, se pressemelding fra MCI, \"MCI Wins U.S. "
-"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement\" (7. juli 2003), tilgjengelig "
+"detaljer om dette forliket, se pressemelding fra MCI, <quote>MCI Wins U.S. "
+"District Court Approval for SEC Settlement</quote> (7. juli 2003), tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #37</ulink>. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
-#| "citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For an overview of the exhibition, see <ulink "
-#| "url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
msgid ""
"See Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Wired</citetitle>, 7 July 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"exhibition, see <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Danit Lidor, \"Artists Just Wanna Be Free,\" <citetitle>Wired</"
+"Se Danit Lidor, <quote>Artists Just Wanna Be Free</quote>, <citetitle>Wired</"
"citetitle>, 7. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #40</ulink>. For en oversikt over utstillingen, se <ulink "
"url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #41</ulink>."
msgstr "Needleman, Rafe"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
-#| "citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
-#| "cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. I am grateful to Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli "
-#| "for this example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Business 2.0</citetitle>, 16 June 2003, available at <ulink url="
"Mohammad Al-Ubaydli for this example. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id="
"\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Rafe Needleman, \"Driving in Cars with MP3s,\" <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
+"Rafe Needleman, <quote>Driving in Cars with MP3s</quote>, <citetitle>Business 2.0</"
"citetitle>, 16. juni 2003, tilgjengelig via <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #43</ulink>. Jeg er Dr. Mohammad Al-Ubaydli takknemlig mot "
"for dette eksemplet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This is the world of the mafia—filled with \"your money or your life"
-#| "\" offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats that the "
-#| "law empowers copyright holders to exercise. It is a system that will "
-#| "obviously and necessarily stifle new innovation. It is hard enough to "
-#| "start a company. It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly "
-#| "threatened by litigation."
msgid ""
"This is the world of the mafia—filled with <quote>your money or your "
"life</quote> offers, governed in the end not by courts but by the threats "
"start a company. It is impossibly hard if that company is constantly "
"threatened by litigation."
msgstr ""
-"Dette er verden til mafiaen—fylt med \"penger eller livet\"-trusler, "
+"Dette er verden til mafiaen—fylt med <quote>penger eller livet</quote>-trusler, "
"som ikke er regulert av domstolene men av trusler som loven gir "
"rettighetsinnehaver mulighet til å komme med. Det er et system som åpenbart "
"og nødvendigvis vil kvele ny innovasjon. Det er vanskelig nok å starte et "
msgstr "von Lohmann, Fred"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,\" von Lohmann "
-#| "explains, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"<quote>If you can treat someone as a putative lawbreaker,</quote> von "
"Lohmann explains, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"\"Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter,\" forklarer von "
+"<quote>Hvis du kan behandle noen som en antatt lovbryter</quote>, forklarer von "
"Lohmann, <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><blockquote><para>
#. f21.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"See <quote>Revealed: How RIAA Tracks Downloaders: Music Industry Discloses "
"Some Methods Used,</quote> CNN.com, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #47</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
+"Se Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age</quote>, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
"ulink>."
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
-#| "Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgid ""
"Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey "
"Mouse Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17 October 1998, 22."
msgstr ""
-"Associated Press, \"Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
-"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years,\" "
+"Associated Press, <quote>Disney Lobbying for Copyright Extension No Mickey Mouse "
+"Effort; Congress OKs Bill Granting Creators 20 More Years</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Chicago Tribune</citetitle>, 17. oktober 1998, 22."
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"See Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,</"
"quote> available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Se Nick Brown, \"Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age,\" "
+"Se Nick Brown, <quote>Fair Use No More?: Copyright in the Information Age</quote>, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #49</"
"ulink>."
#. f5.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8 August 1990, "
"available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Alan K. Ota, \"Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars,\" "
+"Alan K. Ota, <quote>Disney in Washington: The Mouse That Roars</quote>, "
"<citetitle>Congressional Quarterly This Week</citetitle>, 8. august 1990, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #50</"
"ulink>."
#. f13.
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
-#| "December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #54</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,</quote> "
"20 December 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jason Schultz, \"The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory,\" 20 "
+"Jason Schultz, <quote>The Myth of the 1976 Copyright `Chaos' Theory</quote>, 20 "
"December 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #54</ulink>."
msgstr "Bromberg, Dan"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart "
-#| "was the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite involved. "
-#| "Bromberg and Ayer in particular had a common view about how this case "
-#| "would be won: We would only win, they repeatedly told me, if we could "
-#| "make the issue seem \"important\" to the Supreme Court. It had to seem as "
-#| "if dramatic harm were being done to free speech and free culture; "
-#| "otherwise, they would never vote against \"the most powerful media "
-#| "companies in the world.\""
msgid ""
"There were three key lawyers on the case from Jones Day. Geoff Stewart was "
"the first, but then Dan Bromberg and Don Ayer became quite involved. "
"først, men siden ble Dan Bromberg og Don Ayer ganske involvert. Bromberg og "
"Ayer spesielt hadde en felles oppfatning om hvordan denne saken ville bli "
"vunnet: vi ville bare vinne, fortalte de gjentatte ganger til meg, hvis vi "
-"få problemet til å virke \"viktig\" for Høyesterett. Det måtte synes som om "
+"få problemet til å virke <quote>viktig</quote> for Høyesterett. Det måtte synes som om "
"dramatisk skade ble gjort til ytringsfriheten og fri kultur, ellers ville de "
-"aldri stemt mot \"de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden\"."
+"aldri stemt mot <quote>de mektigste mediaselskapene i verden</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
#, mtrans, fuzzy
msgstr "Lofgren, Zoe"
#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
-#| "bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
-#| "imposed the simplest requirement upon copyright owners possible. In May "
-#| "2003, it looked as if the bill would be introduced. On May 16, I posted "
-#| "on the Eldred Act blog, \"we are close.\" There was a general reaction in "
-#| "the blog community that something good might happen here. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"One representative, Zoe Lofgren of California, went so far as to get the "
"bill drafted. The draft solved any problem with international law. It "
"lovforslaget utarbeidet. Utkastet løste noen problemer med internasjonal "
"lov. Det påla de enklest mulige forutsetninger på innehaverne av "
"opphavsretter. I mai 2003 så det ut som om loven skulle være introdusert. "
-"16. mai, postet jeg på Eldred Act-bloggen, \"vi er nære\". Det oppstod en "
+"16. mai, postet jeg på Eldred Act-bloggen, <quote>vi er nære</quote>. Det oppstod en "
"generell reaksjon i blogg-samfunnet om at noe godt kunne skje her. "
"<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
#. f1.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
-#| "Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #55</"
-#| "ulink>. According to a World Health Organization press release issued 9 "
-#| "July 2002, only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing "
-#| "world receive them—and half of them are in Brazil."
msgid ""
"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
"only 230,000 of the 6 million who need drugs in the developing world receive "
"them—and half of them are in Brazil."
msgstr ""
-"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, \"Final Report: Integrating "
-"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy\" (London, 2002), "
+"Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, <quote>Final Report: Integrating "
+"Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy</quote> (London, 2002), "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #55</"
"ulink>. I følge en pressemelding fra verdens helseorganisasjon sendt ut 9. "
"juli 2002, mottar kun 320 000 av de 6 millioner som trenger medisiner i "
"\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
-#| "importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in "
-#| "another nation's market with the consent of the patent owner. For "
-#| "example, if the drug was sold in India, it could be imported into Africa "
-#| "from India. This is called \"parallel importation,\" and it is generally "
-#| "permitted under international trade law and is specifically permitted "
-#| "within the European Union.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"In 1997, South Africa tried one tack. It passed a law to allow the "
"importation of patented medicines that had been produced or sold in another "
"tillot import av patenterte medisiner som hadde blitt produsert og solgt i "
"en annen nasjons marked med godkjenning fra patenteieren. For eksempel, "
"hvis medisinen var solgt i India, så kunne den bli importert inn til Afrika "
-"fra India. Dette kalles \"parallellimport\" og er generelt tillatt i "
+"fra India. Dette kalles <quote>parallellimport</quote> og er generelt tillatt i "
"internasjonal handelslovgivning, og spesifikt tillatt i den europeiske union."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
"citetitle> (Washington, D.C., 2000), 15."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
-#| "opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
-#| "characterized it, \"The U.S. government pressured South Africa … "
-#| "not to permit compulsory licensing or parallel imports.\"<placeholder "
-#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Through the Office of the United States "
-#| "Trade Representative, the government asked South Africa to change the "
-#| "law—and to add pressure to that request, in 1998, the USTR listed "
-#| "South Africa for possible trade sanctions. That same year, more than "
-#| "forty pharmaceutical companies began proceedings in the South African "
-#| "courts to challenge the government's actions. The United States was then "
-#| "joined by other governments from the EU. Their claim, and the claim of "
-#| "the pharmaceutical companies, was that South Africa was violating its "
-#| "obligations under international law by discriminating against a "
-#| "particular kind of patent— pharmaceutical patents. The demand of "
-#| "these governments, with the United States in the lead, was that South "
-#| "Africa respect these patents as it respects any other patent, regardless "
-#| "of any effect on the treatment of AIDS within South Africa.<placeholder "
-#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"However, the United States government opposed the bill. Indeed, more than "
"opposed. As the International Intellectual Property Association "
msgstr ""
"Men USA var imot lovendringen. Og de nøyde seg ikke med å være imot. Som "
"International Intellectual Property Association karakteriserte det, "
-"\"Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika … til å ikke tillate tvungen "
-"lisensiering eller parallellimport
\"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
+"<quote>Myndighetene i USA presset Sør-Afrika … til å ikke tillate tvungen "
+"lisensiering eller parallellimport
</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/"
"> Gjennom kontoret til USAs handelsrepresentant (USTR), ba myndighetene Sør-"
"Afrika om å endre loven—og for å legge press bak den forespørselen, "
"listet USTR i 1998 opp Sør-Afrika som et land som burde vurderes for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
-#| "which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
-#| "sanctity of property.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It was "
-#| "because \"intellectual property\" would be violated that these drugs "
-#| "should not flow into Africa. It was a principle about the importance of "
-#| "\"intellectual property\" that led these government actors to intervene "
-#| "against the South African response to AIDS."
msgid ""
"Instead, the argument in favor of restricting this flow of information, "
"which was needed to save the lives of millions, was an argument about the "
"I stedet var argumentet til fordel for restriksjoner på denne flyten av "
"informasjon, som var nødvendig for å redde millioner av liv, et argument om "
"eiendoms ukrenkelighet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det var på "
-"grunn av at \"intellektuell eiendom\" ville bli krenket at disse medisinene "
+"grunn av at <quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote> ville bli krenket at disse medisinene "
"ikke skulle flomme inn til Afrika. Det var prinsippet om viktigheten av "
-"\"intellektuell eiendom\" som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
+"<quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote> som fikk disse myndighetsaktørene til å "
"intervenere mot Sør-Afrikas mottiltak mot AIDS."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from "
-#| "now when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
-#| "happen? How could we allow a policy to be pursued whose direct cost would "
-#| "be to speed the death of 15 to 30 million Africans, and whose only real "
-#| "benefit would be to uphold the \"sanctity\" of an idea? What possible "
-#| "justification could there ever be for a policy that results in so many "
-#| "deaths? What exactly is the insanity that would allow so many to die for "
-#| "such an abstraction?"
msgid ""
"Now just step back for a moment. There will be a time thirty years from now "
"when our children look back at us and ask, how could we have let this "
"barn se tilbake på oss og spørre, hvordan kunne vi la dette skje? Hvordan "
"kunne vi tillate å gjennomføre en politikk hvis direkte kostnad var få 15 "
"til 30 millioner afrikanere til å dø raskere, og hvis eneste virkelige "
-"fordel var å opprettholde \"ukrenkeligheten\" til en idé? Hva slags "
+"fordel var å opprettholde <quote>ukrenkeligheten</quote> til en idé? Hva slags "
"berettigelse kan noen sinne eksistere for en politikk som resulterer i så "
"mange døde? Hva slags galskap er det egentlig som tillater at så mange dør "
"for slik en abstraksjon?"
#. PAGE BREAK 268
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of "
-#| "the grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug "
-#| "companies before a Senate or House hearing, and ask, \"How is it you can "
-#| "sell this HIV drug in Africa for only $1 a pill, but the same drug would "
-#| "cost an American $1,500?\" Because there is no \"sound bite\" answer to "
-#| "that question, its effect would be to induce regulation of prices in "
-#| "America. The drug companies thus avoid this spiral by avoiding the first "
-#| "step. They reinforce the idea that property should be sacred. They adopt "
-#| "a rational strategy in an irrational context, with the unintended "
-#| "consequence that perhaps millions die. And that rational strategy thus "
-#| "becomes framed in terms of this ideal—the sanctity of an idea "
-#| "called \"intellectual property.\""
msgid ""
"A different problem, however, could not be overcome. This is the fear of the "
"grandstanding politician who would call the presidents of the drug companies "
msgstr ""
"Et annet problem kan derimot ikke løses. Det er frykten for at en politiker "
"som skal vise seg og kaller inn lederne hos medisinprodusentene til høring i "
-"senatet eller representantenes hus og spør, \"hvordan har det seg at du kan "
+"senatet eller representantenes hus og spør, <quote>hvordan har det seg at du kan "
"selge HIV-medisinen i Afrika for bare $1 pr. pille, mens samme pille koster "
-"en amerikansker $1 500?\" Da det ikke finnes et \"kjapt svar\" på det "
+"en amerikansker $1 500?</quote> Da det ikke finnes et <quote>kjapt svar</quote> på det "
"spørsmålet, ville effekten bli regulering av priser i Amerika. "
"Medisinprodusentene unngår dermed denne spiralen ved å sikre at det første "
"steget ikke tas. De forsterker idéen om at eierrettigheter skal være "
"ukrenkelige. De legger seg på en rasjonell strategi i en irrasjonell "
"omgivelse, med den utilsiktede konsekvens at kanskje millioner dør. Og den "
"rasjonelle strategien rammes dermed inn ved hjel av dette ideal—"
-"helligheten til en idé som kalles \"immaterielle rettigheter\"."
+"helligheten til en idé som kalles <quote>immaterielle rettigheter</quote>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"kultur er å finne en måte å få denne sunne fornuften til å åpne sine øyne."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not "
-#| "yet see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now "
-#| "dominates this debate fits with ideas that seem natural, and that fit is "
-#| "reinforced by the RCAs of our day. They wage a frantic war to fight "
-#| "\"piracy,\" and devastate a culture for creativity. They defend the idea "
-#| "of \"creative property,\" while transforming real creators into modern-"
-#| "day sharecroppers. They are insulted by the idea that rights should be "
-#| "balanced, even though each of the major players in this content war was "
-#| "itself a beneficiary of a more balanced ideal. The hypocrisy reeks. Yet "
-#| "in a city like Washington, hypocrisy is not even noticed. Powerful "
-#| "lobbies, complex issues, and MTV attention spans produce the \"perfect "
-#| "storm\" for free culture."
msgid ""
"So far, common sense sleeps. There is no revolt. Common sense does not yet "
"see what there could be to revolt about. The extremism that now dominates "
"ikke hva det er å gjøre opprør mot. Ekstremismen som nå dominerer denne "
"debatten resonerer med idéer som virker naturlige, og resonansen er "
"forsterket av våre moderne RCA-ene. De fører en frenetisk krig for å "
-"bekjempe \"piratvirksomhet\" og knuser kreativitetskultur. De forsvarer "
-"idéen om \"kreativt eierskap\", mens de endrer ekte skapere til moderne "
+"bekjempe <quote>piratvirksomhet</quote> og knuser kreativitetskultur. De forsvarer "
+"idéen om <quote>kreativt eierskap</quote>, mens de endrer ekte skapere til moderne "
"leilendinger. De blir fornærmet av idéen om at rettigheter skulle være "
"balanserte, selv om hver av hovedaktørene i denne innholdskrigen selv hadde "
"fordeler av et mer balansert ideal. Hykleriet rår. Men i en by som "
"Washington blir ikke hykleriet en gang lagt merke til. Mektige lobbyister, "
-"kompliserte problemer og MTV-oppmerksomhetsspenn gir en \"perfekt storm\" "
+"kompliserte problemer og MTV-oppmerksomhetsspenn gir en <quote>perfekt storm</quote> "
"for fri kultur."
#. f6.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
-#| "Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-#| "culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift "
-#| "on `Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's "
-#| "Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. "
-#| "Official Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National "
-#| "Journal's Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19 August 2003, available at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> "
"<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, August 2003, E1, available at <ulink "
"2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</"
"ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jonathan Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" <citetitle>Washington "
+"Jonathan Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source</quote>, <citetitle>Washington "
"Post</citetitle>, august 2003, E1, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, \"Global Group's Shift on "
-"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir,\" <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #59</ulink>; William New, <quote>Global Group's Shift on "
+"`Open Source' Meeting Spurs Stir</quote>, <citetitle>National Journal's Technology "
"Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
-"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, \"U.S. Official "
-"Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO,\" <citetitle>National Journal's "
+"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #60</ulink>; William New, <quote>U.S. Official "
+"Opposes `Open Source' Talks at WIPO</quote>, <citetitle>National Journal's "
"Technology Daily</citetitle>, 19. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #61</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision "
-#| "by the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting."
-#| "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> At the request of a wide range "
-#| "of interests, WIPO had decided to hold a meeting to discuss \"open and "
-#| "collaborative projects to create public goods.\" These are projects that "
-#| "have been successful in producing public goods without relying "
-#| "exclusively upon a proprietary use of intellectual property. Examples "
-#| "include the Internet and the World Wide Web, both of which were developed "
-#| "on the basis of protocols in the public domain. It included an emerging "
-#| "trend to support open academic journals, including the Public Library of "
-#| "Science project that I describe in the Afterword. It included a project "
-#| "to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are thought to "
-#| "have great significance in biomedical research. (That nonprofit project "
-#| "comprised a consortium of the Wellcome Trust and pharmaceutical and "
-#| "technological companies, including Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, "
-#| "Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-"
-#| "SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, and Searle.) It included the "
-#| "Global Positioning System, which Ronald Reagan set free in the early "
-#| "1980s. And it included \"open source and free software.\" <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
msgid ""
"In August 2003, a fight broke out in the United States about a decision by "
"the World Intellectual Property Organization to cancel a meeting."
"I august 2003 brøt en kamp ut i USA om en avgjørelse fra World Intellectual "
"Property Organiation om å avlyse et møte.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> På forespørsel fra en lang rekke med interressenter hadde WIPO "
-"bestemt å avholde et møte for å diskutere \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter "
-"for å skape goder for felleskapet\". Disse prosjektene som hadde lyktes i å "
+"bestemt å avholde et møte for å diskutere <quote>åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter "
+"for å skape goder for felleskapet</quote>. Disse prosjektene som hadde lyktes i å "
"produsere goder for fellesskapet uten å basere seg eksklusivt på bruken av "
"proprietære immaterielle rettigheter. Eksempler inkluderer internettet og "
"verdensveven, begge som ble utviklet på grunnlag av protokoller i "
"Amersham Biosciences, AstraZeneca, Aventis, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, "
"Hoffmann-La Roche, Glaxo-SmithKline, IBM, Motorola, Novartis, Pfizer, og "
"Searle.) Det inkluderte Globalt posisjonssystem (GPS) som Ronald Reagen "
-"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare
\". <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
+"frigjorde tidlig på 1980-tallet. Og det inkluderte <quote>åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare
</quote>. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> <placeholder type="
"\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"3\"/>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#. PAGE BREAK 271
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
-#| "WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
-#| "conference for the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). At a "
-#| "press conference before the address, I was asked what I would say. I "
-#| "responded that I would be talking a little about the importance of "
-#| "balance in intellectual property for the development of an information "
-#| "society. The moderator for the event then promptly interrupted to inform "
-#| "me and the assembled reporters that no question about intellectual "
-#| "property would be discussed by WSIS, since those questions were the "
-#| "exclusive domain of WIPO. In the talk that I had prepared, I had actually "
-#| "made the issue of intellectual property relatively minor. But after this "
-#| "astonishing statement, I made intellectual property the sole focus of my "
-#| "talk. There was no way to talk about an \"Information Society\" unless "
-#| "one also talked about the range of information and culture that would be "
-#| "free. My talk did not make my immoderate moderator very happy. And she "
-#| "was no doubt correct that the scope of intellectual property protections "
-#| "was ordinarily the stuff of WIPO. But in my view, there couldn't be too "
-#| "much of a conversation about how much intellectual property is needed, "
-#| "since in my view, the very idea of balance in intellectual property had "
-#| "been lost."
msgid ""
"Indeed, I was once publicly scolded for not recognizing this fact about "
"WIPO. In February 2003, I delivered a keynote address to a preparatory "
"forberedt var temaet om immaterielle verdier en forholdvis liten del av det "
"hele. Men etter denne forbløffende uttalelsen, gjorde jeg immaterielle "
"verdier til hovedfokus for mitt innlegg. Det var ikke mulig å snakke om et "
-"\"informasjonssamfunn\" uten at en også snakket om andelen av informasjon og "
+"<quote>informasjonssamfunn</quote> uten at en også snakket om andelen av informasjon og "
"kultur som ikke er vernet av opphavsretten. Mitt innlegg gjorde ikke min "
"overivrige moderator veldig glad. Og hun hadde uten tvil rett i at omfanget "
"til vern av immaterielle rettigheter normalt hørte inn under WIPO. Men "
"om en balanse rundt immaterielle rettigheter hadde gått tapt."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I "
-#| "had thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus "
-#| "the meeting about \"open and collaborative projects to create public goods"
-#| "\" seemed perfectly appropriate within the WIPO agenda."
msgid ""
"So whether or not WSIS can discuss balance in intellectual property, I had "
"thought it was taken for granted that WIPO could and should. And thus the "
msgstr ""
"Så uansett om WSIS kan diskutere balanse i intellektuell eiendom eller ikke, "
"så hadde jeg trodd det var tatt for gitt at WIPO kunne og burde. Og dermed "
-"møtet om \"åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder\" virker "
+"møtet om <quote>åpne og samarbeidende prosjekter for å skape fellesgoder</quote> virker "
"å passe perfekt for WIPOs agenda."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, "
-#| "at least among lobbyists. That project is \"open source and free software."
-#| "\" Microsoft in particular is wary of discussion of the subject. From its "
-#| "perspective, a conference to discuss open source and free software would "
-#| "be like a conference to discuss Apple's operating system. Both open "
-#| "source and free software compete with Microsoft's software. And "
-#| "internationally, many governments have begun to explore requirements that "
-#| "they use open source or free software, rather than \"proprietary software,"
-#| "\" for their own internal uses."
msgid ""
"But there is one project within that list that is highly controversial, at "
"least among lobbyists. That project is <quote>open source and free software."
"for their own internal uses."
msgstr ""
"Men det er ett prosjekt i listen som er svært kontroversielt, i hvert fall "
-"blant lobbyister. Dette prosjektet er \"åpen kildekode og fri programvare\". "
+"blant lobbyister. Dette prosjektet er <quote>åpen kildekode og fri programvare</quote>. "
"Microsoft spesielt er skeptisk til diskusjon om emnet. Fra deres perspektiv, "
"ville en konferanse for å diskutere åpen kildekode og fri programvare være "
"som en konferanse for å diskutere Apples operativsystem. Både åpen "
"kildekode og fri programvare konkurrerer med Microsofts programvare. Og "
"internasjonalt har mange myndigheter begynt å utforske krav om at de skal "
-"bruke åpen kildekode eller fri programvare, i stedet for \"proprietær "
-"programvare,\" til sine egne interne behov."
+"bruke åpen kildekode eller fri programvare, i stedet for <quote>proprietær "
+"programvare</quote>, til sine egne interne behov."
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
-#| "sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
-#| "\"open source\" software or software in the public domain. Microsoft's "
-#| "principal opposition is to \"free software\" licensed under a \"copyleft"
-#| "\" license, meaning a license that requires the licensee to adopt the "
-#| "same terms on any derivative work. See Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of "
-#| "Software: Enabling the Marketplace to Decide,\" <citetitle>Government "
-#| "Policy Toward Open Source Software</citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-"
-#| "Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, American Enterprise "
-#| "Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), 69, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</ulink>. See also Craig "
-#| "Mundie, Microsoft senior vice president, <citetitle>The Commercial "
-#| "Software Model</citetitle>, discussion at New York University Stern "
-#| "School of Business (3 May 2001), available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-#| "culture.cc/notes/\">link #63</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Microsoft's position about free and open source software is more "
"sophisticated. As it has repeatedly asserted, it has no problem with "
msgstr ""
"Microsofts posisjon om åpen kildekode og fri programvare er mer "
"sofistikert. De har flere ganger forklart at de har ikke noe problem med "
-"programvare som er \"åpen kildekode\" eller programvare som er "
-"allemannseie. Microsofts prinsipielle motstand er mot \"fri programvare\" "
-"lisensiert med en \"copyleft\"-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
+"programvare som er <quote>åpen kildekode</quote> eller programvare som er "
+"allemannseie. Microsofts prinsipielle motstand er mot <quote>fri programvare</quote> "
+"lisensiert med en <quote>copyleft</quote>-lisens, som betyr at lisensen krever at de "
"som lisensierer skal adoptere same vilkår for ethvert avledet verk. Se "
-"Bradford L. Smith, \"The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
-"Decide,\" <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</"
+"Bradford L. Smith, <quote>The Future of Software: Enabling the Marketplace to "
+"Decide</quote>, <citetitle>Government Policy Toward Open Source Software</"
"citetitle> (Washington, D.C.: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory "
"Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2002), "
"69, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #62</"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make "
-#| "clear that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial "
-#| "software. There are many important companies that depend fundamentally "
-#| "upon open source and free software, IBM being the most prominent. IBM is "
-#| "increasingly shifting its focus to the GNU/Linux operating system, the "
-#| "most famous bit of \"free software\"—and IBM is emphatically a "
-#| "commercial entity. Thus, to support \"open source and free software\" is "
-#| "not to oppose commercial entities. It is, instead, to support a mode of "
-#| "software development that is different from Microsoft's.<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm"
-#| "\" id=\"3\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"4\"/>"
msgid ""
"I don't mean to enter that debate here. It is important only to make clear "
"that the distinction is not between commercial and noncommercial software. "
"programvare. Det er mange viktige selskaper som er fundamentalt avhengig av "
"fri programvare, der IBM er den mest fremtredende. IBM har i stadig større "
"grad skiftet sitt fokus til GNU/Linux-operativsystemet, det mest berømte "
-"biten av \"fri programvare\"—og IBM er helt klart en kommersiell "
-"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte \"fri programvare\" ikke å motsette seg "
+"biten av <quote>fri programvare</quote>—og IBM er helt klart en kommersiell "
+"aktør. Dermed er det å støtte <quote>fri programvare</quote> ikke å motsette seg "
"kommersielle aktører. Det er i stedet å støtte en måte å drive "
"programvareutvikling som er forskjellig fra Microsofts.<placeholder type="
"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
#. PAGE BREAK 272
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "More important for our purposes, to support \"open source and free "
-#| "software\" is not to oppose copyright. \"Open source and free software\" "
-#| "is not software in the public domain. Instead, like Microsoft's software, "
-#| "the copyright owners of free and open source software insist quite "
-#| "strongly that the terms of their software license be respected by "
-#| "adopters of free and open source software. The terms of that license are "
-#| "no doubt different from the terms of a proprietary software license. "
-#| "Free software licensed under the General Public License (GPL), for "
-#| "example, requires that the source code for the software be made available "
-#| "by anyone who modifies and redistributes the software. But that "
-#| "requirement is effective only if copyright governs software. If copyright "
-#| "did not govern software, then free software could not impose the same "
-#| "kind of requirements on its adopters. It thus depends upon copyright law "
-#| "just as Microsoft does."
msgid ""
"More important for our purposes, to support <quote>open source and free "
"software</quote> is not to oppose copyright. <quote>Open source and free "
"software, then free software could not impose the same kind of requirements "
"on its adopters. It thus depends upon copyright law just as Microsoft does."
msgstr ""
-"Mer viktig for våre formål, er at å støtte \"åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare\" ikke er å motsette seg opphavsrett. \"Åpen kildekode og fri "
-"programvare\" er ikke programvare uten opphavsrettslig vern. Istedet, på "
+"Mer viktig for våre formål, er at å støtte <quote>åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare</quote> ikke er å motsette seg opphavsrett. <quote>Åpen kildekode og fri "
+"programvare</quote> er ikke programvare uten opphavsrettslig vern. Istedet, på "
"samme måte som programvare fra Microsoft, insisterer opphavsrettsinnehaverne "
"av fri programvare ganske sterkt at vilkårene i deres programvarelisens blir "
"respektert av de som tar i bruk fri programvare. Vilkårene i den lisensen "
#. f9.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Krim, \"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Krim, <quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source,</quote> available at <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Krim,
\"The Quiet War over Open-Source,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"Krim,
<quote>The Quiet War over Open-Source</quote>, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #64</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><indexterm><primary>
"programvareprodusenten i USA har lyktes med sin lobbyvirksomhet."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "What was surprising was the United States government's reason for "
-#| "opposing the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting "
-#| "director of international relations for the U.S. Patent and Trademark "
-#| "Office, explained that \"open-source software runs counter to the mission "
-#| "of WIPO, which is to promote intellectual-property rights.\" She is "
-#| "quoted as saying, \"To hold a meeting which has as its purpose to "
-#| "disclaim or waive such rights seems to us to be contrary to the goals of "
-#| "WIPO.\""
msgid ""
"What was surprising was the United States government's reason for opposing "
"the meeting. Again, as reported by Krim, Lois Boland, acting director of "
"Det som var overraskende var USAs regjerings begrunnelse for å være imot "
"møtet. Igjen, sitert av Krim, forklarte Lois Boland, direktør for "
"internasjonale forbindelser ved USAs patent og varemerkekontor, at "
-"\"programvare med åpen kildekode går imot til formålet til WIPO, som er å "
-"fremme immaterielle rettigheter.\". Hun skal i følge sitatet ha sagt, \"Å "
+"<quote>programvare med åpen kildekode går imot til formålet til WIPO, som er å "
+"fremme immaterielle rettigheter.</quote>. Hun skal i følge sitatet ha sagt, <quote>Å "
"holde et møte som har som formål å fraskrive seg eller frafalle slike "
-"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.\""
+"rettigheter synes for oss å være i strid med formålene til WIPO.</quote>"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid "These statements are astonishing on a number of levels."
msgstr "Disse utsagnene er forbløffende på flere nivåer."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and "
-#| "free software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right "
-#| "called \"copyright\". Without it, restrictions imposed by those licenses "
-#| "wouldn't work. Thus, to say it \"runs counter\" to the mission of "
-#| "promoting intellectual property rights reveals an extraordinary gap in "
-#| "understanding—the sort of mistake that is excusable in a first-year "
-#| "law student, but an embarrassment from a high government official dealing "
-#| "with intellectual property issues."
msgid ""
"First, they are just flat wrong. As I described, most open source and free "
"software relies fundamentally upon the intellectual property right called "
msgstr ""
"For det første er de ganske enkelt ikke riktige. Som jeg beskrev, er det "
"meste av åpen kildekode og fri programvare fundamentalt avhengig av den "
-"immaterielle retten kalt \"opphavsrett\". Uten den vil begrensningene "
-"definert av disse lisensene ikke fungere. Dermed er det å si at de \"går imot"
-"\" formålet om å fremme immaterielle rettigheter å avsløre en ekstraordinær "
+"immaterielle retten kalt <quote>opphavsrett</quote>. Uten den vil begrensningene "
+"definert av disse lisensene ikke fungere. Dermed er det å si at de <quote>går imot"
+"</quote> formålet om å fremme immaterielle rettigheter å avsløre en ekstraordinær "
"mangel på forståelse—den type feil som er tilgivelig hos en førsteårs "
"jusstudent, men pinlig fra en høyt plassert statstjenestemann som håndterer "
"utfordringer rundt immaterielle rettigheter."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to \"promote\" "
-#| "intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the preparatory "
-#| "conference of WSIS, WIPO is to consider not only how best to protect "
-#| "intellectual property, but also what the best balance of intellectual "
-#| "property is. As every economist and lawyer knows, the hard question in "
-#| "intellectual property law is to find that balance. But that there should "
-#| "be limits is, I had thought, uncontested. One wants to ask Ms. Boland, "
-#| "are generic drugs (drugs based on drugs whose patent has expired) "
-#| "contrary to the WIPO mission? Does the public domain weaken intellectual "
-#| "property? Would it have been better if the protocols of the Internet had "
-#| "been patented?"
msgid ""
"Second, who ever said that WIPO's exclusive aim was to <quote>promote</"
"quote> intellectual property maximally? As I had been scolded at the "
"been patented?"
msgstr ""
"For det andre, hvem har noen gang hevdet at WIPOs eksklusive mål var å "
-"\"fremme\" immaterielle rettigheter maksimalt? Som jeg fikk kjeft om på den "
+"<quote>fremme</quote> immaterielle rettigheter maksimalt? Som jeg fikk kjeft om på den "
"forberedende konferansen til WSIS, skal WIPO vurdere ikke bare hvordan best "
"beskytte immaterielle rettigheter, men også hva som er den beste balansen "
"rundt immaterielle rettigheter. Som enhver økonom og advokat vet, er det "
"hadde vært patentert?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
-#| "intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property "
-#| "rights are held by individuals and corporations. They get to decide what "
-#| "to do with those rights because, again, they are <emphasis>their</"
-#| "emphasis> rights. If they want to \"waive\" or \"disclaim\" their rights, "
-#| "that is, within our tradition, totally appropriate. When Bill Gates gives "
-#| "away more than $20 billion to do good in the world, that is not "
-#| "inconsistent with the objectives of the property system. That is, on the "
-#| "contrary, just what a property system is supposed to be about: giving "
-#| "individuals the right to decide what to do with <emphasis>their</"
-#| "emphasis> property. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"Third, even if one believed that the purpose of WIPO was to maximize "
"intellectual property rights, in our tradition, intellectual property rights "
"immaterielle rettigheter, så innehas immaterielle rettigheter, i vår "
"tradisjon, av individer og selskaper. De får bestemme hva som skal gjøres "
"med disse rettighetene, igjen fordi det er <emphasis>de</emphasis> som eier "
-"rettighetene. Hvis de ønsker å \"frafalle\" eller \"frasi\" seg sine "
+"rettighetene. Hvis de ønsker å <quote>frafalle</quote> eller <quote>frasi</quote> seg sine "
"rettigheter, så er det helt etter boka i vår tradisjon. Når Bill Gates gir "
"bort mer enn $20 milliarder til gode formål, så er ikke det uforenelig med "
"målene til eiendomssystemet. Det er heller tvert i mot, akkurat hva "
#. PAGE BREAK 274
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting \"which "
-#| "has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,\" she's saying that "
-#| "WIPO has an interest in interfering with the choices of the individuals "
-#| "who own intellectual property rights. That somehow, WIPO's objective "
-#| "should be to stop an individual from \"waiving\" or \"disclaiming\" an "
-#| "intellectual property right. That the interest of WIPO is not just that "
-#| "intellectual property rights be maximized, but that they also should be "
-#| "exercised in the most extreme and restrictive way possible."
msgid ""
"When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting "
"<quote>which has as its purpose to disclaim or waive such rights,</quote> "
"they also should be exercised in the most extreme and restrictive way "
"possible."
msgstr ""
-"Når Ms. Boland sier at det er noe galt med et møte \"som har som sitt formål "
-"å fraskrive eller frafalle slike rettigheter\", så sier hun at WIPO har en "
+"Når Ms. Boland sier at det er noe galt med et møte <quote>som har som sitt formål "
+"å fraskrive eller frafalle slike rettigheter</quote>, så sier hun at WIPO har en "
"interesse i å påvirke valgene til enkeltpersoner som eier immaterielle "
"rettigheter. At på en eller annen WIPOs oppdrag bør være å stoppe individer "
-"fra å \"fraskrive\" eller \"frafalle\" seg sine immaterielle rettigheter. "
+"fra å <quote>fraskrive</quote> eller <quote>frafalle</quote> seg sine immaterielle rettigheter. "
"At interessen til WIPO ikke bare er maksimale immaterielle rettigheter, men "
"også at de skal utøves på den mest ekstreme og restriktive mulig måten."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in "
-#| "the Anglo-American tradition. It is called \"feudalism.\" Under "
-#| "feudalism, not only was property held by a relatively small number of "
-#| "individuals and entities. And not only were the rights that ran with that "
-#| "property powerful and extensive. But the feudal system had a strong "
-#| "interest in assuring that property holders within that system not weaken "
-#| "feudalism by liberating people or property within their control to the "
-#| "free market. Feudalism depended upon maximum control and concentration. "
-#| "It fought any freedom that might interfere with that control."
msgid ""
"There is a history of just such a property system that is well known in the "
"Anglo-American tradition. It is called <quote>feudalism.</quote> Under "
"freedom that might interfere with that control."
msgstr ""
"Det er en historie om akkurat et slikt eierskapssystem som er velkjent i den "
-"anglo-amerikansk tradisjon. Det kalles \"føydalisme\". Under føydalismen "
+"anglo-amerikansk tradisjon. Det kalles <quote>føydalisme</quote>. Under føydalismen "
"var eiendommer ikke bare kontrollert av et relativt lite antall individer og "
"aktører. Men det føydale systemet hadde en sterk interesse i å sikre at "
"landeier i systemet ikke svekke føydalismen ved å frigjøre folkene og "
#. PAGE BREAK 275
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><blockquote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
-#| "should be (\"the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should be "
-#| "to promote the right balance of intellectual property rights, not simply "
-#| "to promote intellectual property rights\"), not as it is. If we were "
-#| "talking about the world as it is, then of course Boland didn't say "
-#| "anything wrong. But in the world as Lessig would have it, then of course "
-#| "she did. Always pay attention to the distinction between Lessig's world "
-#| "and ours."
msgid ""
"George, you misunderstand Lessig: He's only talking about the world as it "
"should be (<quote>the goal of WIPO, and the goal of any government, should "
"Always pay attention to the distinction between Lessig's world and ours."
msgstr ""
"George, du misforstår Lessig: Han snakker bare om verden slik den burde være "
-"(\"målet til WIPO, og målet til enhver regjering, bør være å fremme den "
+"(<quote>målet til WIPO, og målet til enhver regjering, bør være å fremme den "
"riktige balansen for immaterielle rettigheter, ikke bare å fremme "
-"immaterielle rettigheter\"), ikke som den er. Hvis vi snakket om verden "
+"immaterielle rettigheter</quote>), ikke som den er. Hvis vi snakket om verden "
"slik den er, så har naturligvis Boland ikke sagt noe galt. Men i verden "
"slik Lessig vil at den skal være, er det åpenbart at hun har sagt noe galt. "
"En må alltid være oppmerksom på forskjellen mellom Lessigs og vår verden."
"hvorvidt våre myndigheter bør snakke sant eller ikke.)"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, "
-#| "the poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the \"goal"
-#| "\" of a government should be \"to promote the right balance\" of "
-#| "intellectual property. That was obviously silly to him. And it obviously "
-#| "betrayed, he believed, my own silly utopianism. \"Typical for an academic,"
-#| "\" the poster might well have continued."
msgid ""
"Obviously, however, the poster was not supporting that idea. Instead, the "
"poster was ridiculing the very idea that in the real world, the <quote>goal</"
msgstr ""
"Det var derimot åpenbart at den som postet meldingen ikke støttet idéen. I "
"stedet latterliggjorde forfatteren selve idéen om at i den virkelig verden "
-"skulle \"målet\" til myndighetene være \"å fremme den riktige balanse\" for "
+"skulle <quote>målet</quote> til myndighetene være <quote>å fremme den riktige balanse</quote> for "
"immaterielle rettigheter. Det var åpenbart tåpelig for ham. Og det "
-"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. \"Typisk for en "
-"akademiker\", kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
+"avslørte åpenbart, trodde han, min egen tåpelige utopisme. <quote>Typisk for en "
+"akademiker</quote>, kunne forfatteren like gjerne ha fortsatt."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
msgid ""
"eget lands historie)."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
-#| "should be to \"seek balance,\" then count me with the silly, for that "
-#| "means that this has become quite serious indeed. If it should be obvious "
-#| "to everyone that the government does not seek balance, that the "
-#| "government is simply the tool of the most powerful lobbyists, that the "
-#| "idea of holding the government to a different standard is absurd, that "
-#| "the idea of demanding of the government that it speak truth and not lies "
-#| "is just naïve, then who have we, the most powerful democracy in the "
-#| "world, become?"
msgid ""
"But when it has become silly to suppose that the role of our government "
"should be to <quote>seek balance,</quote> then count me with the silly, for "
"become?"
msgstr ""
"Men når det har blitt dumt å anta at rollen til våre myndigheter bør være å "
-"\"oppnå balanse\", da kan du regne meg blant de dumme, for det betyr at "
+"<quote>oppnå balanse</quote>, da kan du regne meg blant de dumme, for det betyr at "
"dette faktisk har blitt ganske seriøst. Hvis det bør være åpenbart for alle "
"at myndighetene ikke søker å oppnå balanse, at myndighetene ganske enkelt et "
"verktøy for de mektigste lobbyistene, at idéen om å forvente bedre av "
"ille."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand "
-#| "competition and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as "
-#| "being about bigness alone, it is not terribly surprising. We Americans "
-#| "have a long history of fighting \"big,\" wisely or not. That we could be "
-#| "motivated to fight \"big\" again is not something new."
msgid ""
"It is therefore significant that so many would rally to demand competition "
"and increased diversity. Still, if the rally is understood as being about "
"Det er derfor betydningsfullt at så mange vil kjempe for å kreve konkurranse "
"og økt mangfold. Likevel, hvis kampanjen blir forstått til å kun gjelde "
"størrelse, så er ikke det veldig overraskende. Vi amerikanere har en lang "
-"historie med å slåss mot \"stort\", klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
-"motivert til å slåss mot \"store\" igjen ikke noe nytt."
+"historie med å slåss mot <quote>stort</quote>, klokt eller ikke. At vi kan være "
+"motivert til å slåss mot <quote>store</quote> igjen ikke noe nytt."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal "
-#| "number could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within "
-#| "the idea of \"intellectual property.\" Not because balance is alien to "
-#| "our tradition; indeed, as I've argued, balance is our tradition. But "
-#| "because the muscle to think critically about the scope of anything called "
-#| "\"property\" is not well exercised within this tradition anymore."
msgid ""
"It would be something new, and something very important, if an equal number "
"could be rallied to fight the increasing extremism built within the idea of "
msgstr ""
"Det ville vært noe nytt, og noe veldig viktig, hvis like mange kan være med "
"på en kampanje for å bekjempe økende ekstremisme bygget inn i idéen om "
-"\"intellektuell eiendom\". Ikke fordi balanse er fremmed for vår tradisjon. "
+"<quote>intellektuell eiendom</quote>. Ikke fordi balanse er fremmed for vår tradisjon. "
"Jeg argumenterer for at balanse er vår tradisjon. Men fordi evnen til å "
-"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles \"eiendom\" ikke er lenger er "
+"tenke kritisk på omfanget av alt som kalles <quote>eiendom</quote> ikke er lenger er "
"godt trent i denne tradisjonen."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#. f11.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, September "
-#| "2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #65</"
-#| "ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, 8 "
-#| "September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha and Phyllis Furman with Robert Gearty, "
-#| "\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9 September 2003, 3; Frank "
-#| "Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in "
-#| "Calif., 12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" "
-#| "<citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 10 September 2003, E1; Katie "
-#| "Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</"
-#| "citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-#| "culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
msgid ""
"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,</quote> CNET News.com, "
"September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"citetitle>, 10 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"John Borland, \"RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers,\" CNET News.com, september "
+"John Borland, <quote>RIAA Sues 261 File Swappers</quote>, CNET News.com, september "
"2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
-"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, \"Music Industry Sues Swappers,\" CNN/Money, "
+"#65</ulink>; Paul R. La Monica, <quote>Music Industry Sues Swappers</quote>, CNN/Money, "
"8 september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #66</ulink>; Soni Sangha og Phyllis Furman sammen med Robert Gearty, "
-"\"Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers,\" "
+"<quote>Sued for a Song, N.Y.C. 12-Yr-Old Among 261 Cited as Sharers</quote>, "
"<citetitle>New York Daily News</citetitle>, 9. september 2003, 3; Frank "
-"Ahrens, \"RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
-"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants,\" <citetitle>Washington Post</"
-"citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, \"Schoolgirl Settles with "
-"RIAA,\" <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, tilgjengelig "
+"Ahrens, <quote>RIAA's Lawsuits Meet Surprised Targets; Single Mother in Calif., "
+"12-Year-Old Girl in N.Y. Among Defendants</quote>, <citetitle>Washington Post</"
+"citetitle>, 10. september 2003, E1; Katie Dean, <quote>Schoolgirl Settles with "
+"RIAA</quote>, <citetitle>Wired News</citetitle>, 10. september 2003, tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #67</ulink>."
#. f12.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv."
-#| "com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,</"
"quote> mtv.com, 17 September 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-"
"culture.cc/notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Jon Wiederhorn, \"Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady,\" mtv.com, "
+"Jon Wiederhorn, <quote>Eminem Gets Sued … by a Little Old Lady</quote>, mtv.com, "
"17. september 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #68</ulink>."
#. f13.
#. PAGE BREAK 334
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
-#| "Dylan Songs,\" Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
msgid ""
"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for "
"Dylan Songs,</quote> Kansascity.com, 9 July 2003, available at <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, \"Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
-"Songs
,\" Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
+"Kenji Hall, Associated Press, <quote>Japanese Book May Be Inspiration for Dylan "
+"Songs
</quote>, Kansascity.com, 9. juli 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://"
"free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #69</ulink>."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the "
-#| "RIAA lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Eminem has just been sued for \"sampling\" "
-#| "someone else's music.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The story "
-#| "about Bob Dylan \"stealing\" from a Japanese author has just finished "
-#| "making the rounds.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> An insider "
-#| "from Hollywood—who insists he must remain anonymous—reports "
-#| "\"an amazing conversation with these studio guys. They've got "
-#| "extraordinary [old] content that they'd love to use but can't because "
-#| "they can't begin to clear the rights. They've got scores of kids who "
-#| "could do amazing things with the content, but it would take scores of "
-#| "lawyers to clean it first.\" Congressmen are talking about deputizing "
-#| "computer viruses to bring down computers thought to violate the law. "
-#| "Universities are threatening expulsion for kids who use a computer to "
-#| "share content."
msgid ""
"As I write these final words, the news is filled with stories about the RIAA "
"lawsuits against almost three hundred individuals.<placeholder type="
msgstr ""
"Mens jeg skriver disse avsluttende ordene, er nyhetene fylt med historier om "
"at RIAA saksøker nesten tre hundre individer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
-"id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp blitt saksøkt for å ha \"samplet\" noen "
+"id=\"0\"/> Eminem har nettopp blitt saksøkt for å ha <quote>samplet</quote> noen "
"andres musikk.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Historien om "
-"hvordan Bob Dylan har \"stjålet\" fra en japansk forfatter har nettopp gått "
+"hvordan Bob Dylan har <quote>stjålet</quote> fra en japansk forfatter har nettopp gått "
"verden over.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> En på innsiden i "
"Hollywood—som insisterer på at han må forbli anonym—rapporterer "
-"\"en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har fantastisk [gammelt] "
+"<quote>en utrolig samtale med disse studiofolkene. De har fantastisk [gammelt] "
"innhold som de ville elske å bruke, men det kan de ikke på grunn av at de "
"først må klarere rettighetene. De har hauger med ungdommer som kunne gjøre "
"fantastiske ting med innholdet, men det vil først kreve hauger med advokater "
-"for å klarere det først\". Kongressrepresentanter snakker om å gi datavirus "
+"for å klarere det først</quote>. Kongressrepresentanter snakker om å gi datavirus "
"politimyndighet for å ta ned datamaskiner som antas å bryte loven. "
"Universiteter truer med å utvise ungdommer som bruker en datamaskin for å "
"dele innhold."
#. f14.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" BBC press release, 24 "
-#| "August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #70</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,</quote> BBC press "
"release, 24 August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #70</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public,\" pressemelding fra BBC, "
+"<quote>BBC Plans to Open Up Its Archive to the Public</quote>, pressemelding fra BBC, "
"24. august 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #70</ulink>."
#. f15.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6 August 2003, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</"
-#| "ulink>."
msgid ""
"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil,</quote> Creative Commons Weblog, 6 "
"August 2003, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#71</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"Creative Commons and Brazil,\" Creative Commons Weblog, 6. august 2003, "
+"<quote>Creative Commons and Brazil</quote>, Creative Commons Weblog, 6. august 2003, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #71</"
"ulink>."
#. PAGE BREAK 278
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
-#| "will build a \"Creative Archive,\" from which British citizens can "
-#| "download BBC content, and rip, mix, and burn it.<placeholder type="
-#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And in Brazil, the culture minister, Gilberto "
-#| "Gil, himself a folk hero of Brazilian music, has joined with Creative "
-#| "Commons to release content and free licenses in that Latin American "
-#| "country.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> I've told a dark story. "
-#| "The truth is more mixed. A technology has given us a new freedom. Slowly, "
-#| "some begin to understand that this freedom need not mean anarchy. We can "
-#| "carry a free culture into the twenty-first century, without artists "
-#| "losing and without the potential of digital technology being destroyed. "
-#| "It will take some thought, and more importantly, it will take some will "
-#| "to transform the RCAs of our day into the Causbys."
msgid ""
"Yet on the other side of the Atlantic, the BBC has just announced that it "
"will build a <quote>Creative Archive,</quote> from which British citizens "
"of our day into the Causbys."
msgstr ""
"I mens på andre siden av Atlanteren har BBC nettopp annonsert at de vil "
-"bygge opp et \"kreativt arkiv\" som britiske borgere kan laste ned BBC-"
+"bygge opp et <quote>kreativt arkiv</quote> som britiske borgere kan laste ned BBC-"
"innhold fra, og rippe, mikse og brenne det ut.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/> Og i Brasil har kulturministeren, Gilberto Gil, i seg selv en "
"folkehelt i brasiliansk musikk, slått seg sammen med Creative Commons for å "
"dele programvare ville være grundig svekket."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
-#| "system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That "
-#| "was the birth of the GNU project, into which Linus Torvalds's \"Linux\" "
-#| "kernel was added to produce the GNU/Linux operating system. <placeholder "
-#| "type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgid ""
"Therefore, in 1984, Stallman began a project to build a free operating "
"system, so that at least a strain of free software would survive. That was "
msgstr ""
"Derfor, i 1984, startet Stallmann på et prosjekt for å bygge et fritt "
"operativsystem, slik i hvert fall en flik av fri programvare skulle "
-"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som \"Linux\"-kjernen til "
+"overleve. Dette var starten på GNU-prosjektet, som <quote>Linux</quote>-kjernen til "
"Linus Torvalds senere ble lagt til i for å produsere GNU/Linux-"
"operativsystemet. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder "
"type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/>"
#. f3.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25 "
-#| "January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #74</ulink>."
msgid ""
"<quote>A Radical Rethink,</quote> <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 "
"(25 January 2003): 15, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #74</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"\"A Radical Rethink,\" <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
+"<quote>A Radical Rethink</quote>, <citetitle>Economist</citetitle>, 366:8308 (25. "
"januar 2003): 15, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #74</ulink>."
#. (2)
#. PAGE BREAK 298
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain "
-#| "and protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
-#| "\"fair use,\" and the distinction between \"ideas\" and \"expression.\" "
-#| "That kind of law gives them lots of work. But our framers had a simpler "
-#| "idea in mind: protected versus unprotected. The value of short terms is "
-#| "that there is little need to build exceptions into copyright when the "
-#| "term itself is kept short. A clear and active \"lawyer-free zone\" makes "
-#| "the complexities of \"fair use\" and \"idea/expression\" less necessary "
-#| "to navigate."
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Keep it simple:</emphasis> The line between the public domain and "
"protected content must be kept clear. Lawyers like the fuzziness of "
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>Gjør det enkelt:</emphasis> Skillelinjen mellom verker uten "
"opphavsrettslig vern og innhold som er beskyttet må forbli klart. Advokater "
-"liker uklarheten som \"rimelig bruk\" og forskjellen mellom \"idéer\" og "
-"\"uttrykk\" har. Denne type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som "
+"liker uklarheten som <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> og forskjellen mellom <quote>idéer</quote> og "
+"<quote>uttrykk</quote> har. Denne type lovverk gir dem en masse arbeid. Men de som "
"skrev grunnloven hadde en enklere idé: vernet versus ikke vernet. Verdien av "
"korte vernetider er at det er lite behov for å bygge inn unntak i "
-"opphavsretten når vernetiden holdes kort. En klar og aktiv \"advokat-fri "
-"sone\" gjør komplesiteten av \"rimelig bruk\" og \"idé/uttrykk\" mindre "
+"opphavsretten når vernetiden holdes kort. En klar og aktiv <quote>advokat-fri "
+"sone</quote> gjør komplesiteten av <quote>rimelig bruk</quote> og <quote>idé/uttrykk</quote> mindre "
"nødvendig å håndtere."
#. f4.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>
msgid "veterans' pensions"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "veteranpensjoner"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"det samme."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "No doubt the extremists will call these ideas \"radical.\" (After all, I "
-#| "call them \"extremists.\") But again, the term I recommended was longer "
-#| "than the term under Richard Nixon. How \"radical\" can it be to ask for a "
-#| "more generous copyright law than Richard Nixon presided over?"
msgid ""
"No doubt the extremists will call these ideas <quote>radical.</quote> (After "
"all, I call them <quote>extremists.</quote>) But again, the term I "
"<quote>radical</quote> can it be to ask for a more generous copyright law "
"than Richard Nixon presided over?"
msgstr ""
-"Uten tvil vil ekstremistene kalle disse idéene \"radikale\". (Tross alt, så "
-"kaller jeg dem \"ekstremister\".) Men igjen, vernetiden jeg anbefalte var "
-"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor \"radikalt\" kan det være å "
+"Uten tvil vil ekstremistene kalle disse idéene <quote>radikale</quote>. (Tross alt, så "
+"kaller jeg dem <quote>ekstremister</quote>.) Men igjen, vernetiden jeg anbefalte var "
+"lengre enn vernetiden under Richard Nixon. hvor <quote>radikalt</quote> kan det være å "
"be om en mer sjenerøs opphavsrettighet enn da Richard Nixon var president?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#. f8.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See, for example, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 "
-#| "April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #76</ulink>."
msgid ""
"See, for example, <quote>Music Media Watch,</quote> The J@pan Inc. "
"Newsletter, 3 April 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
"notes/\">link #76</ulink>."
msgstr ""
-"For eksempel, se, \"Music Media Watch,\" The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
+"For eksempel, se, <quote>Music Media Watch</quote>, The J@pan Inc. Newsletter, 3 April "
"2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link "
"#76</ulink>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "William Fisher, <citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</"
-#| "citetitle> (last revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #77</ulink>; William Fisher, "
-#| "<citetitle>Promises to Keep: Technology, Law, and the Future of "
-#| "Entertainment</citetitle> (forthcoming) (Stanford: Stanford University "
-#| "Press, 2004), ch. 6, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel has proposed a related idea "
-#| "that would exempt noncommercial sharing from the reach of copyright and "
-#| "would establish compensation to artists to balance any loss. See Neil "
-#| "Weinstock Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P "
-#| "File Sharing,\" available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-#| "\">link #79</ulink>. For other proposals, see Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's "
-#| "Holding Back Broadband?\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8 "
-#| "January 2002, A17; Philip S. Corwin on behalf of Sharman Networks, A "
-#| "Letter to Senator Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Chairman of the Senate Foreign "
-#| "Relations Committee, 26 February 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://"
-#| "free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A "
-#| "Quick Case for Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF)</citetitle>, 3 March "
-#| "2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</"
-#| "ulink>; Jefferson Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists "
-#| "Directly,\" <citetitle>USA Today</citetitle>, 13 May 2002, available at "
-#| "<ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. "
-#| "Cherry, \"Getting Copyright Right,\" IEEE Spectrum Online, 1 July 2002, "
-#| "available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</"
-#| "ulink>; Declan McCullagh, \"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News."
-#| "com, 27 August 2002, available at <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/"
-#| "notes/\">link #84</ulink>. Fisher's proposal is very similar to Richard "
-#| "Stallman's proposal for DAT. Unlike Fisher's, Stallman's proposal would "
-#| "not pay artists directly proportionally, though more popular artists "
-#| "would get more than the less popular. As is typical with Stallman, his "
-#| "proposal predates the current debate by about a decade. See <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #85</ulink>. <placeholder type="
-#| "\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/> <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"1\"/> "
-#| "<placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"2\"/>"
msgid ""
"William Fisher, <citetitle>Digital Music: Problems and Possibilities</"
"citetitle> (last revised: 10 October 2000), available at <ulink url=\"http://"
"\">link #78</ulink>. Professor Netanel har foreslått en relatert idé som "
"ville gjøre at opphavsretten ikke gjelder ikke-kommersiell deling fra og "
"ville etablere kompenasjon til kunstnere for å balansere eventuelle tap. Se "
-"Neil Weinstock Netanel, \"Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P "
-"File Sharing
,\" tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
-"\">link #79</ulink>. For andre forslag, se Lawrence Lessig, \"Who's Holding "
-"Back Broadband?\" <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8. january 2002, "
+"Neil Weinstock Netanel, <quote>Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free P2P "
+"File Sharing
</quote>, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
+"\">link #79</ulink>. For andre forslag, se Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Who's Holding "
+"Back Broadband?</quote> <citetitle>Washington Post</citetitle>, 8. january 2002, "
"A17; Philip S. Corwin på vegne av Sharman Networks, Et brev til Senator "
"Joseph R. Biden, Jr., leder i the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 26. "
"februar. 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/"
"\">link #80</ulink>; Serguei Osokine, <citetitle>A Quick Case for "
"Intellectual Property Use Fee (IPUF)</citetitle>, 3. mars 2002, tilgjengelig "
"fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #81</ulink>; Jefferson "
-"Graham, \"Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly,\" <citetitle>USA "
+"Graham, <quote>Kazaa, Verizon Propose to Pay Artists Directly</quote>, <citetitle>USA "
"Today</citetitle>, 13. mai 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-"
-"culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, \"Getting Copyright "
-"Right
,\" IEEE Spectrum Online, 1. juli 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
+"culture.cc/notes/\">link #82</ulink>; Steven M. Cherry, <quote>Getting Copyright "
+"Right
</quote>, IEEE Spectrum Online, 1. juli 2002, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url="
"\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #83</ulink>; Declan McCullagh, "
-"\"Verizon's Copyright Campaign,\" CNET News.com, 27. august 2002, "
+"<quote>Verizon's Copyright Campaign</quote>, CNET News.com, 27. august 2002, "
"tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #84</"
"ulink>. Forslaget fra Fisher er ganske likt forslaget til Richard Stallman "
"når det gjelder DAT. I motsetning til Fishers forslag, ville Stallmanns "
"den grad faktiske skade kan påvises."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But what if \"piracy\" doesn't disappear? What if there is a competitive "
-#| "market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number of "
-#| "consumers continue to \"take\" content for nothing? Should the law do "
-#| "something then?"
msgid ""
"But what if <quote>piracy</quote> doesn't disappear? What if there is a "
"competitive market providing content at a low cost, but a significant number "
"of consumers continue to <quote>take</quote> content for nothing? Should the "
"law do something then?"
msgstr ""
-"Men hva om \"piratvirksomheten\" ikke forsvinner? Hva om det finnes et "
+"Men hva om <quote>piratvirksomheten</quote> ikke forsvinner? Hva om det finnes et "
"konkurranseutsatt marked som tilbyr innhold til en lav kostnad, men et "
-"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å \"ta\" innhold uten å betale? "
+"signifikant antall av forbrukere fortsetter å <quote>ta</quote> innhold uten å betale? "
"Burde loven gjøre noe da?"
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#. f10.
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
-#| "Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): "
-#| "1057, 1069–70."
msgid ""
"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville B. "
"Nimmer Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA Law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): "
"1057, 1069–70."
msgstr ""
-"Lawrence Lessig, \"Copyright's First Amendment\" (Melville B. Nimmer "
+"Lawrence Lessig, <quote>Copyright's First Amendment</quote> (Melville B. Nimmer "
"Memorial Lecture), <citetitle>UCLA law Review</citetitle> 48 (2001): 1057, "
"1069–70."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a \"radical\" "
-#| "by many within the profession, yet the positions that I am advocating are "
-#| "precisely the positions of some of the most moderate and significant "
-#| "figures in the history of this branch of the law. Many, for example, "
-#| "thought crazy the challenge that we brought to the Copyright Term "
-#| "Extension Act. Yet just thirty years ago, the dominant scholar and "
-#| "practitioner in the field of copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it "
-#| "obvious.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"The evidence of this bending is compelling. I'm attacked as a "
"<quote>radical</quote> by many within the profession, yet the positions that "
"practitioner in the field of copyright, Melville Nimmer, thought it obvious."
"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-"Indisiene for slik bøyning er overbevisene. Jeg er angrepet som en \"radikal"
-"\" av mange innenfor yrket, og likevel er meningene jeg argumenterer for "
+"Indisiene for slik bøyning er overbevisene. Jeg er angrepet som en <quote>radikal"
+"</quote> av mange innenfor yrket, og likevel er meningene jeg argumenterer for "
"nøyaktig de meningene til mange av de mest moderate og betydningsfulle "
"personene i historien til denne delen av loven. Mange trodde for eksempel at "
"vår utfordring til lovforslaget om å utvide opphavsrettens vernetid var "
"om vår manglende evne til å faktisk ta inn over oss hva loven koster."
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para><footnote><para>
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to "
-#| "be commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading "
-#| "him to question his own publicly stated position—twice. He "
-#| "initially predicted that downloading would substantially harm the "
-#| "industry. He then revised his view in light of the data, and he has since "
-#| "revised his view again. Compare Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking "
-#| "the Network Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</"
-#| "citetitle> (New York: Amacom, 2002), (reviewing his original view but "
-#| "expressing skepticism) with Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate "
-#| "the Record Industry?\" working paper, June 2003, available at <ulink url="
-#| "\"http://free-culture.cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Liebowitz's careful "
-#| "analysis is extremely valuable in estimating the effect of file-sharing "
-#| "technology. In my view, however, he underestimates the costs of the legal "
-#| "system. See, for example, <citetitle>Rethinking</citetitle>, "
-#| "174–76. <placeholder type=\"indexterm\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgid ""
"A good example is the work of Professor Stan Liebowitz. Liebowitz is to be "
"commended for his careful review of data about infringement, leading him to "
"på nytt. Sammenlign Stan J. Liebowitz, <citetitle>Rethinking the Network "
"Economy: The True Forces That Drive the Digital Marketplace</citetitle> (New "
"York: Amacom, 2002), (gikk igjennom hans originale syn men uttrykte skepsis) "
-"med Stan J. Liebowitz, \"Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?\" "
+"med Stan J. Liebowitz, <quote>Will MP3s Annihilate the Record Industry?</quote> "
"artikkelutkast, juni 2003, tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://free-culture."
"cc/notes/\">link #86</ulink>. Den nøye analysen til Liebowitz er ekstremt "
"verdifull i sin estimering av effekten av fildelingsteknologi. Etter mitt "
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff