+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:4392 freeculture.xml:4393 freeculture.xml:6893 freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:7096 freeculture.xml:7097 freeculture.xml:10215 freeculture.xml:10216 freeculture.xml:10217 freeculture.xml:11959
+msgid "Congress, U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4308 freeculture.xml:4392 freeculture.xml:6982 freeculture.xml:7096 freeculture.xml:10215
+msgid "on copyright laws"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4309 freeculture.xml:10217
+msgid "on recording industry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4311 freeculture.xml:10044
+msgid "statutory licenses in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4312
+msgid "music recordings played on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4314
+msgid "copyright protections in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><secondary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4315 freeculture.xml:10219
+msgid "radio broadcast and"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4316 freeculture.xml:10043
+msgid "statutory licenses"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><indexterm><primary>
+#: freeculture.xml:4317
+msgid "composer's rights vs. producers' rights in"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4319
+msgid ""
+"So, as we've seen, when <quote>mechanical reproduction</quote> threatened "
+"the interests of composers, Congress balanced the rights of composers "
+"against the interests of the recording industry. It granted rights to "
+"composers, but also to the recording artists: Composers were to be paid, but "
+"at a price set by Congress. But when radio started broadcasting the "
+"recordings made by these recording artists, and they complained to Congress "
+"that their <quote>creative property</quote> was not being respected (since "
+"the radio station did not have to pay them for the creativity it broadcast), "
+"Congress rejected their claim. An indirect benefit was enough."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><section><para>
+#: freeculture.xml:4332
+msgid ""
+"Cable TV followed the pattern of record albums. When the courts rejected the "
+"claim that cable broadcasters had to pay for the content they rebroadcast, "
+"Congress responded by giving broadcasters a right to compensation, but at a "