the noble class live easily; those outside it don't. But it is
nobility of any form that is alien to our tradition.
</para>
-<!-- PAGE BREAK 26 -->
-<para>
-The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the
- "centrality
-of technology" to ordinary life. I don't believe in gods, digital or
-otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual or group, for
-neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or otherwise. It is not a
- morality
-tale. Nor is it a call to jihad against an industry.
-</para>
-<para>
-It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war
- inspired
-by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond its
-code. And by understanding this battle, it is an effort to map peace.
-There is no good reason for the current struggle around Internet
- technologies
-to continue. There will be great harm to our tradition and
-culture if it is allowed to continue unchecked. We must come to
- understand
-the source of this war. We must resolve it soon.
+<!-- PAGE BREAK 26. FIXME: Should "Is it" be "It is" ? -->
+<para>
+The story that follows is about this war. Is it not about the
+"centrality of technology" to ordinary life. I don't believe in gods,
+digital or otherwise. Nor is it an effort to demonize any individual
+or group, for neither do I believe in a devil, corporate or
+otherwise. It is not a morality tale. Nor is it a call to jihad
+against an industry.
+</para>
+<para>
+It is instead an effort to understand a hopelessly destructive war
+inspired by the technologies of the Internet but reaching far beyond
+its code. And by understanding this battle, it is an effort to map
+peace. There is no good reason for the current struggle around
+Internet technologies to continue. There will be great harm to our
+tradition and culture if it is allowed to continue unchecked. We must
+come to understand the source of this war. We must resolve it soon.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>Causby, Thomas Lee</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Causby, Tinie</primary></indexterm>
the Propertization of Copyright" (September 2002), University of
Chicago Law School, James M. Olin Program in Law and Economics,
Working Paper No. 159. </para></footnote>
+<indexterm><primary>General Film Company</primary></indexterm>
</para>
</blockquote>
<para>
</para>
<para>
This is an exception within the law of copyright. When John Grisham
-writes a novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if Grisham
-gives the publisher permission. Grisham, in turn, is free to charge
- whatever
-he wants for that permission. The price to publish Grisham is
-thus set by Grisham, and copyright law ordinarily says you have no
-permission to use Grisham's work except with permission of Grisham.
+writes a novel, a publisher is free to publish that novel only if
+Grisham gives the publisher permission. Grisham, in turn, is free to
+charge whatever he wants for that permission. The price to publish
+Grisham is thus set by Grisham, and copyright law ordinarily says you
+have no permission to use Grisham's work except with permission of
+Grisham.
+<indexterm><primary>Grisham, John</primary></indexterm>
</para>
-<indexterm><primary>Beatles</primary></indexterm>
<para>
But the law governing recordings gives recording artists less. And
-thus, in effect, the law subsidizes the recording industry through a kind
-of piracy—by giving recording artists a weaker right than it otherwise
-gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control over their creative
-work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of this less control are
-the recording industry and the public. The recording industry gets
-something of value for less than it otherwise would pay; the public gets
-access to a much wider range of musical creativity. Indeed, Congress
-was quite explicit about its reasons for granting this right. Its fear was
-the monopoly power of rights holders, and that that power would
- stifle
-
follow-on creativity.<footnote><para>
+thus, in effect, the law subsidizes the recording industry through a
+kind of piracy—by giving recording artists a weaker right than
+it otherwise gives creative authors. The Beatles have less control
+over their creative work than Grisham does. And the beneficiaries of
+this less control are the recording industry and the public. The
+recording industry gets something of value for less than it otherwise
+would pay; the public gets access to a much wider range of musical
+creativity. Indeed, Congress was quite explicit about its reasons for
+granting this right. Its fear was the monopoly power of rights
+holders, and that that power would stifle follow-on
+creativity.<footnote><para>
<!-- f10 -->
Copyright Law Revision: Hearings on S. 2499, S. 2900, H.R. 243, and
H.R. 11794 Before the ( Joint) Committee on Patents, 60th Cong., 1st
in Legislative History of the 1909 Copyright Act, E. Fulton Brylawski and
Abe Goldman, eds. (South Hackensack, N.J.: Rothman Reprints, 1976).
</para></footnote>
+<indexterm><primary>Beatles</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
While the recording industry has been quite coy about this recently,
author of his profit.
</para>
<para>
-Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors
-of the Napster technology had not made any major technological
- innovations.
-Like every great advance in innovation on the Internet (and,
- arguably,
-off the Internet as well<footnote><para>
+Peer-to-peer sharing was made famous by Napster. But the inventors of
+the Napster technology had not made any major technological
+innovations. Like every great advance in innovation on the Internet
+(and, arguably, off the Internet as well<footnote><para>
<!-- f5 -->
See Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revolutionary
National Bestseller That Changed the Way We Do Business (New York:
HarperBusiness, 2000). Professor Christensen examines why companies
-that give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently unable to come
-up with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own products.
-This job usually falls to outside innovators, who reassemble existing
- technology
-in inventive ways. For a discussion of Christensen's ideas, see
-Lawrence Lessig, Future, 89–92, 139.
+that give rise to and dominate a product area are frequently unable to
+come up with the most creative, paradigm-shifting uses for their own
+products. This job usually falls to outside innovators, who
+reassemble existing technology in inventive ways. For a discussion of
+Christensen's ideas, see Lawrence Lessig, Future, 89–92, 139.
+<indexterm><primary>Christensen, Clayton M.</primary></indexterm>
</para></footnote>), Shawn Fanning and crew had simply
put together components that had been developed independently.
<indexterm><primary>Fanning, Shawn</primary></indexterm>
eighteen months, there were close to 80 million registered users of the
system.<footnote><para>
<!-- f6 -->
-See Carolyn Lochhead, "Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare,"
-San Francisco Chronicle, 24 September 2002, A1; "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,"
+See Carolyn Lochhead, "Silicon Valley Dream, Hollywood Nightmare," San
+Francisco Chronicle, 24 September 2002, A1; "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide,"
New Scientist, 6 July 2002, 42; Benny Evangelista, "Napster Names CEO,
-Secures New Financing," San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 2003, C1;
- "Napster's
-Wake-Up Call," Economist, 24 June 2000, 23; John Naughton,
- "Hollywood
-at War with the Internet" (London) Times, 26 July 2002, 18.
+Secures New Financing," San Francisco Chronicle, 23 May 2003, C1;
+"Napster's Wake-Up Call," Economist, 24 June 2000, 23; John Naughton,
+"Hollywood at War with the Internet" (London) Times, 26 July 2002, 18.
</para></footnote>
Courts quickly shut Napster down, but other services emerged
to take its place. (Kazaa is currently the most popular p2p service. It
on a tiny television set in the corner of the room. How could it hurt?
Groening was happy to have it in the film, but he told Else to contact
Gracie Films, the company that produces the program.
+<indexterm><primary>Gracie Films</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
Gracie Films was okay with it, too, but they, like Groening, wanted
Else called Fox and told them about the clip in the corner of the one
room shot of the film. Matt Groening had already given permission,
Else said. He was just confirming the permission with Fox.
+<indexterm><primary>Gracie Films</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
Then, as Else told me, "two things happened. First we discovered
biting political commentary. A site called Camp Chaos has produced
some of the most biting criticism of the record industry that there is
through the mixing of Flash! and music.
+<indexterm><primary>Camp Chaos</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
All of these creations are technically illegal. Even if the creators
competitors with new ideas will not succeed. It is a world of stasis and
increasingly concentrated stagnation. It is the Soviet Union under
Brezhnev.
+<indexterm><primary>Gates, Bill</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
Thus, while it is understandable for industries threatened with new
DDT, whatever its primary benefits, was also having unintended
environmental consequences. Birds were losing the ability to
reproduce. Whole chains of the ecology were being destroyed.
+<indexterm><primary>Carson, Rachel</primary></indexterm>
+<indexterm><primary>Silent Sprint (Carson)</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
No one set out to destroy the environment. Paul Müller certainly did
Lumbering giants not only don't, but should not, sprint. Yet if the
field is only open to the giants, there will be far too little
sprinting.
+<indexterm><primary>Christensen, Clayton M.</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
I don't think we know enough about the economics of the media
<!-- PAGE BREAK 240 -->
who had advised us early on about a First Amendment strategy; and
finally, former solicitor general Charles Fried.
+<indexterm><primary>Fried, Charles</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
Fried was a special victory for our side. Every other former solicitor
while he had argued many positions in the Supreme Court that I
personally disagreed with, his joining the cause was a vote of
confidence in our argument.
+<indexterm><primary>Fried, Charles</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
The government, in defending the statute, had its collection of
Brief of Amici Dr. Seuss Enterprise et al., Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537
U.S. (2003) (No. 01-618), 19.
</para></footnote>
-That was also the motive of
-the Gershwin estate, which defended its "protection" of the work of
-George Gershwin. They refuse, for example, to license Porgy and Bess
-
to anyone who refuses to use African Americans in the cast.<footnote><para>
+That was also the motive of the Gershwin estate, which defended its
+"protection" of the work of George Gershwin. They refuse, for example,
+to license Porgy and Bess to anyone who refuses to use African
+Americans in the cast.<footnote><para>
<!-- f15. -->
Dinitia Smith, "Immortal Words, Immortal Royalties? Even Mickey
Mouse Joins the Fray," New York Times, 28 March 1998, B7.
</para></footnote>
That's
-
<!-- PAGE BREAK 241 -->
their view of how this part of American culture should be controlled,
and they wanted this law to help them effect that control.
+<indexterm><primary>Gershwin, George</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
This argument made clear a theme that is rarely noticed in this
skeptic. He had served in the Reagan Justice Department with Solicitor
General Charles Fried. He had argued many cases before the Supreme
Court. And in his review of the moot, he let his concern speak:
+<indexterm><primary>Fried, Charles</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
"I'm just afraid that unless they really see the harm, they won't be
Would it have been different if I had argued it differently? Would it
have been different if Don Ayer had argued it? Or Charles Fried? Or
Kathleen Sullivan?
+<indexterm><primary>Fried, Charles</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
My friends huddled around me to insist it would not. The Court
objectives of the property system. That is, on the contrary, just what
a property system is supposed to be about: giving individuals the
right to decide what to do with their property.
+<indexterm><primary>Gates, Bill</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
When Ms. Boland says that there is something wrong with a meeting
of content ("content conducers," as attorney Mia Garlick calls them)
who help build the public domain and, by their work, demonstrate the
importance of the public domain to other creativity.
+<indexterm><primary>Garlick, Mia</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
The aim is not to fight the "All Rights Reserved" sorts. The aim is to
to run for the same term as the underlying copyright. The derivative
right could be important in inducing creativity; it is not important long
after the creative work is done.
+<indexterm><primary>Grisham, John</primary></indexterm>
</para>
<para>
Scope: Likewise should the scope of derivative rights be narrowed.
projects / text-free-culture-lessig.git / blobdiff