blog/Automatically_upgrading_server_firmware_on_Dell_PowerEdge.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Automatically upgrading server firmware on Dell PowerEdge</div>
  24       <div class="date">21st November 2011</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>At work we have heaps of servers.  I believe the total count is
  26 around 1000 at the moment.  To be able to get help from the vendors
  27 when something go wrong, we want to keep the firmware on the servers
  28 up to date.  If the firmware isn't the latest and greatest, the
  29 vendors typically refuse to start debugging any problems until the
  30 firmware is upgraded.  So before every reboot, we want to upgrade the
  31 firmware, and we would really like everyone handling servers at the
  32 university to do this themselves when they plan to reboot a machine.
  33 For that to happen we at the unix server admin group need to provide
  34 the tools to do so.</p>
  35
  36 <p>To make firmware upgrading easier, I am working on a script to
  37 fetch and install the latest firmware for the servers we got.  Most of
  38 our hardware are from Dell and HP, so I have focused on these servers
  39 so far.  This blog post is about the Dell part.</P>
  40
  41 <p>On the Dell FTP site I was lucky enough to find
  42 <a href="ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz">an XML file</a>
  43 with firmware information for all 11th generation servers, listing
  44 which firmware should be used on a given model and where on the FTP
  45 site I can find it.  Using a simple perl XML parser I can then
  46 download the shell scripts Dell provides to do firmware upgrades from
  47 within Linux and reboot when all the firmware is primed and ready to
  48 be activated on the first reboot.</p>
  49
  50 <p>This is the Dell related fragment of the perl code I am working on.
  51 Are there anyone working on similar tools for firmware upgrading all
  52 servers at a site?  Please get in touch and lets share resources.</p>
  53
  54 <p><pre>
  55 #!/usr/bin/perl
  56 use strict;
  57 use warnings;
  58 use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
  59 BEGIN {
  60     # Install needed RHEL packages if missing
  61     my %rhelmodules = (
  62         'XML::Simple' => 'perl-XML-Simple',
  63         );
  64     for my $module (keys %rhelmodules) {
  65         eval "use $module;";
  66         if ($@) {
  67             my $pkg = $rhelmodules{$module};
  68             system("yum install -y $pkg");
  69             eval "use $module;";
  70         }
  71     }
  72 }
  73 my $errorsto = 'pere@hungry.com';
  74
  75 upgrade_dell();
  76
  77 exit 0;
  78
  79 sub run_firmware_script {
  80     my ($opts, $script) = @_;
  81     unless ($script) {
  82         print STDERR "fail: missing script name\n";
  83         exit 1
  84     }
  85     print STDERR "Running $script\n\n";
  86
  87     if (0 == system("sh $script $opts")) { # FIXME correct exit code handling
  88         print STDERR "success: firmware script ran succcessfully\n";
  89     } else {
  90         print STDERR "fail: firmware script returned error\n";
  91     }
  92 }
  93
  94 sub run_firmware_scripts {
  95     my ($opts, @dirs) = @_;
  96     # Run firmware packages
  97     for my $dir (@dirs) {
  98         print STDERR "info: Running scripts in $dir\n";
  99         opendir(my $dh, $dir) or die "Unable to open directory $dir: $!";
 100         while (my $s = readdir $dh) {
 101             next if $s =~ m/^\.\.?/;
 102             run_firmware_script($opts, "$dir/$s");
 103         }
 104         closedir $dh;
 105     }
 106 }
 107
 108 sub download {
 109     my $url = shift;
 110     print STDERR "info: Downloading $url\n";
 111     system("wget --quiet \"$url\"");
 112 }
 113
 114 sub upgrade_dell {
 115     my @dirs;
 116     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 117     chomp $product;
 118
 119     if ($product =~ m/PowerEdge/) {
 120
 121         # on RHEL, these pacakges are needed by the firwmare upgrade scripts
 122         system('yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33.i686 libstdc++.i686 libxml2.i686 procmail');
 123
 124         my $tmpdir = tempdir(
 125             CLEANUP => 1
 126             );
 127         chdir($tmpdir);
 128         fetch_dell_fw('catalog/Catalog.xml.gz');
 129         system('gunzip Catalog.xml.gz');
 130         my @paths = fetch_dell_fw_list('Catalog.xml');
 131         # -q is quiet, disabling interactivity and reducing console output
 132         my $fwopts = "-q";
 133         if (@paths) {
 134             for my $url (@paths) {
 135                 fetch_dell_fw($url);
 136             }
 137             run_firmware_scripts($fwopts, $tmpdir);
 138         } else {
 139             print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 140             print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 141         }
 142         chdir('/');
 143     } else {
 144         print STDERR "error: Unsupported Dell model '$product'.\n";
 145         print STDERR "error: Please report to $errorsto.\n";
 146     }
 147 }
 148
 149 sub fetch_dell_fw {
 150     my $path = shift;
 151     my $url = "ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/$path";
 152     download($url);
 153 }
 154
 155 # Using ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/catalog/Catalog.xml.gz, figure out which
 156 # firmware packages to download from Dell.  Only work for Linux
 157 # machines and 11th generation Dell servers.
 158 sub fetch_dell_fw_list {
 159     my $filename = shift;
 160
 161     my $product = `dmidecode -s system-product-name`;
 162     chomp $product;
 163     my ($mybrand, $mymodel) = split(/\s+/, $product);
 164
 165     print STDERR "Finding firmware bundles for $mybrand $mymodel\n";
 166
 167     my $xml = XMLin($filename);
 168     my @paths;
 169     for my $bundle (@{$xml->{SoftwareBundle}}) {
 170         my $brand = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Display}->{content};
 171         my $model = $bundle->{TargetSystems}->{Brand}->{Model}->{Display}->{content};
 172         my $oscode;
 173         if ("ARRAY" eq ref $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}) {
 174             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}[0]->{osCode};
 175         } else {
 176             $oscode = $bundle->{TargetOSes}->{OperatingSystem}->{osCode};
 177         }
 178         if ($mybrand eq $brand && $mymodel eq $model && "LIN" eq $oscode)
 179         {
 180             @paths = map { $_->{path} } @{$bundle->{Contents}->{Package}};
 181         }
 182     }
 183     for my $component (@{$xml->{SoftwareComponent}}) {
 184         my $componenttype = $component->{ComponentType}->{value};
 185
 186         # Drop application packages, only firmware and BIOS
 187         next if 'APAC' eq $componenttype;
 188
 189         my $cpath = $component->{path};
 190         for my $path (@paths) {
 191             if ($cpath =~ m%/$path$%) {
 192                 push(@paths, $cpath);
 193             }
 194         }
 195     }
 196     return @paths;
 197 }
 198 </pre>
 199
 200 <p>The code is only tested on RedHat Enterprise Linux, but I suspect
 201 it could work on other platforms with some tweaking.  Anyone know a
 202 index like Catalog.xml is available from HP for HP servers?  At the
 203 moment I maintain a similar list manually and it is quickly getting
 204 outdated.</p>
 205 </div>
 206
 207       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.</div>
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 281 <li>2018
 282 <ul>
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 291
 292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 295
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 297
 298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 299
 300 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 301
 302 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 303
 304 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 305
 306 </ul></li>
 307
 308 <li>2017
 309 <ul>
 310
 311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 322
 323 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 324
 325 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 326
 327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 332
 333 </ul></li>
 334
 335 <li>2016
 336 <ul>
 337
 338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 345
 346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 353
 354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 355
 356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 361
 362 </ul></li>
 363
 364 <li>2015
 365 <ul>
 366
 367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 382
 383 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 384
 385 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 390
 391 </ul></li>
 392
 393 <li>2014
 394 <ul>
 395
 396 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 403
 404 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 411
 412 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 413
 414 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 419
 420 </ul></li>
 421
 422 <li>2013
 423 <ul>
 424
 425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 440
 441 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 442
 443 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 446
 447 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 448
 449 </ul></li>
 450
 451 <li>2012
 452 <ul>
 453
 454 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 469
 470 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 471
 472 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 475
 476 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 477
 478 </ul></li>
 479
 480 <li>2011
 481 <ul>
 482
 483 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 496
 497 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 498
 499 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 500
 501 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 502
 503 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 504
 505 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 506
 507 </ul></li>
 508
 509 <li>2010
 510 <ul>
 511
 512 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 519
 520 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 527
 528 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 529
 530 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 531
 532 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 533
 534 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 535
 536 </ul></li>
 537
 538 <li>2009
 539 <ul>
 540
 541 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 548
 549 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 552
 553 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 554
 555 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 556
 557 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 558
 559 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 560
 561 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 562
 563 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 564
 565 </ul></li>
 566
 567 <li>2008
 568 <ul>
 569
 570 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 571
 572 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 573
 574 </ul></li>
 575
 576 </ul>
 577
 578
 579
 580 <h2>Tags</h2>
 581 <ul>
 582
 583  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (16)</a></li>
 584
 585  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 586
 587  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 588
 589  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 590
 591  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 592
 593  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 594
 595  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 596
 597  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 598
 599  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 600
 601  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (175)</a></li>
 602
 603  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 604
 605  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (7)</a></li>
 606
 607  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 608
 609  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
 610
 611  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (28)</a></li>
 612
 613  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 614
 615  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (424)</a></li>
 616
 617  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 618
 619  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 620
 621  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 622
 623  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 624
 625  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 626
 627  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 628
 629  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 630
 631  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 632
 633  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (22)</a></li>
 634
 635  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 636
 637  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 638
 639  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
 640
 641  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 642
 643  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 644
 645  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 646
 647  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 648
 649  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (42)</a></li>
 650
 651  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
 652
 653  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (22)</a></li>
 654
 655  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (316)</a></li>
 656
 657  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (197)</a></li>
 658
 659  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (38)</a></li>
 660
 661  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 662
 663  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 664
 665  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (111)</a></li>
 666
 667  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 668
 669  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 670
 671  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 672
 673  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 674
 675  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (12)</a></li>
 676
 677  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 678
 679  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 680
 681  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 682
 683  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
 684
 685  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 686
 687  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 688
 689  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (70)</a></li>
 690
 691  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 692
 693  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
 694
 695  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (61)</a></li>
 696
 697  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 698
 699  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 700
 701  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 702
 703  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (19)</a></li>
 704
 705  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (75)</a></li>
 706
 707  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 708
 709  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 710
 711 </ul>
 712
 713
 714     </div>
 715     <p style="text-align: right">
 716  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 717 </p>
 718
 719   </body>
 720 </html>