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   4                 <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
   5                 <description></description>
   6                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
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   9         <item>
  10                 <title>Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</title>
  11                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html</link>
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  13                 <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2015 11:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
  14                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
  15 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
  16 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
  17 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html&quot;&gt;min
  18 påstand i forrige bloggpost&lt;/a&gt; om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
  19 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
  20 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
  21 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
  22 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
  23 på indirekte formuleringer.&lt;/p&gt;
  24
  25 &lt;p&gt;I
  26 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/&quot;&gt;stortingsproposisjon
  27 66&lt;/a&gt;, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
  28 står det&lt;p&gt;
  29
  30 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
  31
  32   &lt;p&gt;Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
  33   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
  34   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
  35   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
  36   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
  37   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
  38   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
  39   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
  40   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
  41   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
  42   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.&lt;/p&gt;
  43
  44   &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;
  45
  46   &lt;p&gt;For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
  47   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
  48   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
  49   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
  50   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
  51   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.&lt;/p&gt;
  52 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  53
  54 &lt;p&gt;Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
  55 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
  56 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
  57 loven sier at det kan
  58 «&lt;a href=&quot;https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6&quot;&gt;innhentes
  59 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
  60 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)&lt;/a&gt;».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
  61 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
  62 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
  63 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
  64 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
  65 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.&lt;/p&gt;
  66
  67 &lt;p&gt;Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
  68 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0&quot;&gt;innstillingen
  69 fra stortingskomiteen&lt;/a&gt;, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
  70 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
  71 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
  72 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
  73 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
  74 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
  75 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
  76 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
  77 og fullt bak departementets forslag.&lt;/p&gt;
  78
  79 &lt;p&gt;For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
  80 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
  81 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
  82 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
  83 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
  84 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
  85 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
  86 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.&lt;/p&gt;
  87
  88 &lt;p&gt;Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
  89 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
  90 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
  91 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
  92 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.&lt;/p&gt;
  93 </description>
  94         </item>
  95
  96         <item>
  97                 <title>Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</title>
  98                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</link>
  99                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</guid>
 100                 <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2015 16:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
 101                 <description>&lt;p&gt;5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 102 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 103 criminal or not, are
 104 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e&quot;&gt;required to
 105 give fingerprints to the police&lt;/a&gt; (vote details from Holder de
 106 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 107 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 108 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 109 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 110 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 111 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 112 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 113 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 114 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 115 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 116 the police.&lt;/p&gt;
 117
 118 &lt;p&gt;In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 119 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 120 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 121 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 122 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 123 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 124 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 125 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 126 the globe, but for those that do now know anyone in those circles it
 127 is good to know that
 128
 129 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs&quot;&gt;the
 130 encryption is already broken&lt;/a&gt;.  And they
 131 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html&quot;&gt;can
 132 be read from 70 meters away&lt;/a&gt;.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 133 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 134 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 135 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 136 business getting access to that information.&lt;/p&gt;
 137
 138 &lt;p&gt;The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 139 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 140 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 141 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 142 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 143 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 144 information is stored in their national ID.&lt;/p&gt;
 145
 146 &lt;p&gt;And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 147 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 148 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, &quot;when
 149 extradition is not considered disproportionate&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;
 150
 151 &lt;p&gt;Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 152 really could make such decision, I wrote
 153 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html&quot;&gt;a
 154 summary of the sources I have&lt;/a&gt; for concluding the way I do
 155 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).&lt;/p&gt;
 156 </description>
 157         </item>
 158
 159         <item>
 160                 <title>What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</title>
 161                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</link>
 162                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</guid>
 163                 <pubDate>Fri, 1 May 2015 19:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 164                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 165 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 166 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 167 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 168 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 169 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 170 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.&lt;/p&gt;
 171
 172 &lt;p&gt;The 2005 numbers are from
 173 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret&quot;&gt;digi.no&lt;/a&gt;,
 174 the 2012 numbers are from
 175 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet&quot;&gt;a
 176 NKOM report&lt;/a&gt;, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 177 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 178 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 179 different from the numbers from 2013.&lt;/p&gt;
 180
 181 &lt;p&gt;The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 182 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 183 enough.  See for example a
 184 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1&quot;&gt;summary
 185 on voice quality from Cisco&lt;/a&gt; for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 186 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 187 to get the storage requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
 188
 189 &lt;p&gt;Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 190 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 191 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 192 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 193 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
 194
 195 &lt;p&gt;But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 196 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 197 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 198 and large organisations:&lt;/p&gt;
 199
 200 &lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
 201 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Call minutes&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Size&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Price in NOK / EUR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 202 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;24 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.3 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;3 mill / 358 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 203 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;18 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.0 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.2 mill / 262 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 204 &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2013&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;17 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;950 TiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.1 mill / 250 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
 205 &lt;/table&gt;
 206
 207 &lt;p&gt;This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 208 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 209 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 210 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 211 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 212 collecting the data?&lt;/p&gt;
 213 </description>
 214         </item>
 215
 216         <item>
 217                 <title>First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</title>
 218                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</link>
 219                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</guid>
 220                 <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2015 14:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
 221                 <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 222 &lt;a href=&quot;https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;this
 223 announcement today&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
 224
 225 &lt;pre&gt;
 226 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 227 *beta* release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 228 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 229 release, Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot;.
 230
 231 (As most reading this will know, Debian &quot;Jessie&quot; hasn&#39;t actually been
 232 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 233 later today ;)
 234
 235 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; in the coming
 236 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 237 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 238 be possible and encouraged!
 239
 240 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 241 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 242
 243 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as &quot;Skolelinux&quot; - is a complete
 244 operating system for schools, universities and other
 245 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 246 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 247 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 248 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 249 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 250 days.
 251
 252 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 253 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 254 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 255 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 256
 257 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 258 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 259 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 260 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 261 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 262 least 5 characters!
 263
 264 == Where to download ==
 265
 266 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 267 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 268
 269     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 270     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 271
 272 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 273
 274 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 275 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 276 time):
 277
 278     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 279     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 280
 281 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 282
 283 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 284 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 285 options.
 286
 287 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 288
 289 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 290 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 291
 292 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 293 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 294 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 295 online version of the translated manual.
 296
 297 More information about Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot; itself is provided in the
 298 release notes and the installation manual:
 299 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 300 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 301
 302
 303 == Errata / known problems ==
 304
 305     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 306     DHCP (#780461).
 307
 308     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 309
 310 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 311 hostname immediately.
 312
 313 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 314 more current and complete list.
 315
 316 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 317
 318 === Software updates ===
 319
 320 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 321
 322  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 323    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 324    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 325
 326  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 327    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 328    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 329    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 330      the others see the manual.
 331  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 332  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 333  * GOsa 2.7.4
 334  * LTSP 5.5.4
 335  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 336  * new boot framework: systemd
 337  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 338  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 339  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 340  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 341  * golearn 0.9
 342  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 343  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 344  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 345  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 346    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 347
 348 === Installation changes ===
 349
 350     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 351     for the hardware present.
 352
 353 === Fixed bugs ===
 354
 355 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 356 from a user perspective:
 357
 358  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 359    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 360    information is corrected (710362)
 361
 362  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 363
 364 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 365
 366 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 367 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 368
 369
 370 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 371
 372 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 373 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 374 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 375 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 376 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 377 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 378 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 379 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 380 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 381 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 382 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 383 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 384 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 385 environment.
 386
 387 == About Debian ==
 388
 389 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 390 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 391 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 392 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 393 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 394 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 395 operating system.
 396
 397 == Thanks ==
 398
 399 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 400 You rock.
 401 &lt;/pre&gt;
 402 </description>
 403         </item>
 404
 405         <item>
 406                 <title>Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</title>
 407                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</link>
 408                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</guid>
 409                 <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2015 09:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
 410                 <description>&lt;p&gt;It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 411 computer system for schools I&#39;ve involved in,
 412 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;, was
 413 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 414 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 415 Agarwal.&lt;/p&gt;
 416
 417 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 418
 419 &lt;p&gt;My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 420 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 421 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 422 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 423 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 424 few software start-ups as well.&lt;/p&gt;
 425
 426 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 427 project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 428
 429 &lt;p&gt;It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 430 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 431 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 432 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 433 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 434 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 435 education meta-packages provided by the project.&lt;/p&gt;
 436
 437 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 438 Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 439
 440 &lt;p&gt;It&#39;s closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 441 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 442 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 443 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 444 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 445 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 446 &lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781841&quot;&gt;#781841&lt;/a&gt; and
 447 &lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781842&quot;&gt;#781842&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 448
 449 &lt;p&gt;I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 450 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 451 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it&#39;s more a
 452 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 453 for the developer per-se.&lt;/p&gt;
 454
 455 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 456 Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 457
 458 &lt;p&gt;I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 459 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 460 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.&lt;/p&gt;
 461
 462 &lt;p&gt;I don&#39;t see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 463 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 464 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 465 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 466 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don&#39;t know about them.
 467 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 468 still) I have had for a long time :&lt;/p&gt;
 469
 470 &lt;p&gt;1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 471 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 472 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 473
 474 &lt;p&gt;The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 475 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 476 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 477 &lt;a href=&quot;http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html&quot;&gt;Ask
 478 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem&lt;/a&gt; (as an example or point of
 479 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 480 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 481 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 482 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 483 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 484 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 485 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 486 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 487 psychics and everything in-between.&lt;/p&gt;
 488
 489 &lt;p&gt;One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 490 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 491 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 492 also be used.&lt;/p&gt;
 493
 494 &lt;p&gt;2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
 495 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don&#39;t think it
 496 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
 497 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&amp;A single word answers
 498 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
 499 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
 500 the user&#39;s input.&lt;/p&gt;
 501
 502 &lt;p&gt;3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
 503 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
 504 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
 505 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
 506 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
 507 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
 508 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
 509 stock photos. Potential is immense.&lt;/p&gt;
 510
 511 &lt;p&gt;Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
 512 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
 513 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
 514 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
 515 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
 516 maintenance of such software I don&#39;t see any big difficulties. I know
 517 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
 518 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.&lt;/p&gt;
 519
 520 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 521
 522 &lt;p&gt;That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
 523 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
 524 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
 525 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it&#39;s a tie between
 526 gnome-flashback and mate.&lt;/p&gt;
 527
 528 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 529 get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 530
 531 &lt;p&gt;I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
 532 whatever environment they are. If it&#39;s MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
 533 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
 534 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
 535 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
 536 various online stores so it isn&#39;t hard to convince on that front.&lt;/p&gt;
 537
 538 &lt;p&gt;What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
 539 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
 540 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
 541 well.&lt;/p&gt;
 542
 543 &lt;p&gt;I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
 544 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
 545 there isn&#39;t even a page where all those different fonts in the La
 546 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.&lt;/p&gt;
 547
 548 &lt;p&gt;One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
 549 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
 550 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
 551 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
 552 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
 553 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
 554 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
 555 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
 556 releases.&lt;/p&gt;
 557
 558 &lt;p&gt;The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
 559 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
 560 is aimed at.
 561
 562 &lt;p&gt;Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
 563 around 2 years, and
 564 &lt;a href=&quot;https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/&quot;&gt;gathered
 565 some experience&lt;/a&gt; there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
 566 there was :&lt;/p&gt;
 567
 568 &lt;ol&gt;
 569
 570   &lt;li&gt;Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
 571    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
 572    portion/syllabus given.&lt;/li&gt;
 573
 574   &lt;li&gt;They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
 575    is in the syllabus.&lt;/li&gt;
 576
 577   &lt;li&gt;There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
 578    times with objects or whatever. An example, let&#39;s say in gcompris
 579    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let&#39;s
 580    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
 581    as recognizable as say a
 582    &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi&quot;&gt;Puneri
 583    Pagdi&lt;/a&gt; so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
 584    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
 585    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
 586    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
 587    something but that is something for upstream to do.&lt;/li&gt;
 588
 589 &lt;/ol&gt;
 590 </description>
 591         </item>
 592
 593         <item>
 594                 <title>I&#39;m going to the Open Source Developers&#39; Conference Nordic 2015!</title>
 595                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</link>
 596                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</guid>
 597                 <pubDate>Tue, 7 Apr 2015 10:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 598                 <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to let you all know that I&#39;m going to the &lt;a
 599 href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/&quot;&gt;Open Source Developers&#39;
 600 Conference Nordic 2015&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
 601
 602 &lt;p&gt;It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
 603 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
 604 &lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192&quot;&gt;a talk proposal for
 605 it&lt;/a&gt; (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
 606 part of my involvement with the
 607 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;Norwegian Unix User Group member
 608 association&lt;/a&gt; I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
 609 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
 610 Hackathon with our friends
 611 over at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mysociety.org/&quot;&gt;mySociety&lt;/a&gt; and
 612 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.holderdeord.no/&quot;&gt;Holder de ord&lt;/a&gt;.  This part is
 613 named the &#39;My Society&#39; track in the program.  There is still space for
 614 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.&lt;/p&gt;
 615
 616 &lt;p&gt;Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks&quot;&gt;the talks
 617 submitted and accepted so far&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 618 </description>
 619         </item>
 620
 621         <item>
 622                 <title>Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</title>
 623                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</link>
 624                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</guid>
 625                 <pubDate>Sat, 4 Apr 2015 09:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
 626                 <description>&lt;p&gt;During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
 627 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.docbook.org/&quot;&gt;docbook&lt;/a&gt; version of the 2004 book
 628 &lt;a href=&quot;http://free-culture.cc/&quot;&gt;Free Culture&lt;/a&gt; by Lawrence Lessig.
 629 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
 630 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
 631 I&#39;m more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
 632 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
 633 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig&quot;&gt;github&lt;/a&gt;
 634 project pages.  You can also check out the
 635 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;,
 636 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true&quot;&gt;EPUB&lt;/a&gt;
 637 and HTML version available in the
 638 &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive&quot;&gt;archive
 639 directory&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 640
 641 &lt;p&gt;Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
 642 you find any.&lt;/p&gt;
 643 </description>
 644         </item>
 645
 646         <item>
 647                 <title>Frikanalen, Norwegian TV channel for technical topics</title>
 648                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html</link>
 649                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html</guid>
 650                 <pubDate>Mon, 9 Mar 2015 11:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 651                 <description>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;Norwegian Unix User Group&lt;/a&gt;,
 652 where I am a member, and where people interested in free software,
 653 open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs
 654 come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video.
 655 The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider
 656 audience.  For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel
 657 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt; is a useful venue.
 658 Since a few days ago, when I figured out the
 659 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.no/api/&quot;&gt;REST API&lt;/a&gt; to program the
 660 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/guide/&quot;&gt;channel time schedule&lt;/a&gt;,
 661 the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and
 662 some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org).  I fill
 663 all &quot;leftover bits&quot; on the channel with content from NUUG, which at
 664 the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.&lt;/p&gt;
 665
 666 &lt;p&gt;The list of NUUG videos
 667 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/organization/82&quot;&gt;uploaded so far&lt;/a&gt;
 668 include things like a
 669 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/625090&quot;&gt;one hour talk by John
 670 Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo&lt;/a&gt;, a presentation of
 671 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624275&quot;&gt;Haiku, the BeOS
 672 re-implementation&lt;/a&gt;, the
 673 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624493&quot;&gt;history of FiksGataMi,
 674 the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet&lt;/a&gt;, the good old
 675 &lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/623566&quot;&gt;Warriors of the net
 676 video&lt;/A&gt; and many others.&lt;/p&gt;
 677
 678 &lt;p&gt;We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to
 679 Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to
 680 spread the word there.  I also hope to find useful recordings from the
 681 Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the
 682 channel as well.  But this require locating the videos and their meta
 683 information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the
 684 recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to
 685 focus on this.  Perhaps you want to help.  Please join us on IRC,
 686 &lt;a href=&quot;irc://irc.freenode.net/%23nuug&quot;&gt;#nuug on irc.freenode.net&lt;/a&gt;
 687 if you want to help make this happen.&lt;/p&gt;
 688
 689 &lt;p&gt;But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively
 690 filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new
 691 today, check out the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.tv/se&quot;&gt;Ogg Theora
 692 web stream&lt;/a&gt; or use one of the other ways to get access to the
 693 channel.  Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still
 694 do not properly sync the video and sound.  It is generated by recoding
 695 a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to
 696 Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that
 697 produces acceptable quality.  Help needed, please get in touch if you
 698 know how to fix it using free software.&lt;/p&gt;
 699 </description>
 700         </item>
 701
 702         <item>
 703                 <title>The Citizenfour documentary on the Snowden confirmations to Norway</title>
 704                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html</link>
 705                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Citizenfour_documentary_on_the_Snowden_confirmations_to_Norway.html</guid>
 706                 <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2015 22:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 707                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Today I was happy to learn that the documentary
 708 &lt;a href=&quot;https://citizenfourfilm.com/&quot;&gt;Citizenfour&lt;/a&gt; by
 709 &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Poitras&quot;&gt;Laura Poitras&lt;/a&gt;
 710 finally will show up in Norway.  According to the magazine
 711 &lt;a href=&quot;http://montages.no/&quot;&gt;Montages&lt;/a&gt;, a deal has finally been
 712 made for
 713 &lt;a href=&quot;http://montages.no/nyheter/snowden-dokumentaren-citizenfour-far-norsk-kinodistribusjon/&quot;&gt;Cinema
 714 distribution in Norway&lt;/a&gt; and the movie will have its premiere soon.
 715 This is great news.  As part of my involvement with
 716 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;the Norwegian Unix User Group&lt;/a&gt;, me and
 717 a friend have
 718 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_til_Norge_.shtml&quot;&gt;tried
 719 to get the movie to Norway&lt;/a&gt; ourselves, but obviously
 720 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/news/Dokumentar_om_Snowdenbekreftelsene_endelig_til_Norge_.shtml&quot;&gt;we
 721 were too late&lt;/a&gt; and Tor Fosse beat us to it.  I am happy he did, as
 722 the movie will make its way to the public and we do not have to make
 723 it happen ourselves.
 724 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiGwAvd5mvM&quot;&gt;The trailer&lt;/a&gt;
 725 can be seen on youtube, if you are curious what kind of film this
 726 is.&lt;/p&gt;
 727
 728 &lt;p&gt;The whistle blower Edward Snowden really deserve political asylum
 729 here in Norway, but I am afraid he would not be safe.&lt;/p&gt;
 730 </description>
 731         </item>
 732
 733         <item>
 734                 <title>The Norwegian open channel Frikanalen - 24x7 on the Internet</title>
 735                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Norwegian_open_channel_Frikanalen___24x7_on_the_Internet.html</link>
 736                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Norwegian_open_channel_Frikanalen___24x7_on_the_Internet.html</guid>
 737                 <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2015 09:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 738                 <description>&lt;p&gt;The Norwegian nationwide open channel
 739 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt; is still going
 740 strong.  It allow everyone to send the video they want on national
 741 television.  It is a TV station administrated completely using a web
 742 browser, running only &lt;ahref=&quot;https://github.com/Frikanalen&quot;&gt;Free
 743 Software&lt;/a&gt;, providing &lt;ahref=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.tv/api&quot;&gt;a REST
 744 api&lt;/a&gt; for administrators and members, and with distribution on the
 745 national DVB-T distribution network RiksTV.  But only between 12:00
 746 and 17:30 Norwegian time.  This has finally changed, after many years
 747 with limited distribution.  A few weeks ago, we set up a Ogg Theora
 748 stream via icecast to allow everyone with Internet access to check out
 749 the channel the rest of the day.  This is presented on
 750 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.tv/se&quot;&gt;the Frikanalen web site now&lt;/a&gt;.  And
 751 since a few days ago, the channel is also available
 752 via &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.uninett.no/iptv-tilgang&quot;&gt;multicast on
 753 UNINETT&lt;/a&gt;, available for those using IPTV TVs and set-top boxes in
 754 the Norwegian National Research and Education network.&lt;/p&gt;
 755
 756 &lt;p&gt;If you want to see what is on the channel, point your media player
 757 to one of these sources.  The first should work with most players and
 758 browsers, while as far as I know, the multicast UDP stream only work
 759 with VLC.&lt;/p&gt;
 760
 761 &lt;ul&gt;
 762   &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://video.nuug.no/frikanalen.ogv&quot;&gt;http://video.nuug.no/frikanalen.ogv&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 763   &lt;li&gt;udp://@224.17.43.129:1234&lt;/li&gt;
 764 &lt;/ul&gt;
 765
 766 &lt;p&gt;The Ogg Theora / icecast stream is not working well, as the video
 767 and audio is slightly out of sync.  We have not been able to figure
 768 out how to fix it.  It is generated by recoding a internal MPEG
 769 transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to Ogg Theora /
 770 Vorbis, and the result is less then stellar.  If you have ideas how to
 771 fix it, please let us know on frikanalen (at) nuug.no.  We currently
 772 use this with ffmpeg2theora 0.29:&lt;/p&gt;
 773
 774 &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
 775 ./ffmpeg2theora.linux &amp;lt;OBE_gemini_URL.ts&amp;gt; -F 25 -x 720 -y 405 \
 776  --deinterlace --inputfps 25 -c 1 -H 48000 --keyint 8 --buf-delay 100 \
 777  --nosync -V 700 -o - | oggfwd video.nuug.no 8000 &amp;lt;pw&amp;gt; /frikanalen.ogv
 778 &lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
 779
 780 &lt;p&gt;If you get the multicast UDP stream working, please let me know, as
 781 I am curious how far the multicast stream reach.  It do not make it to
 782 my home network, nor any other commercially available network in
 783 Norway that I am aware of.&lt;/p&gt;
 784 </description>
 785         </item>
 786
 787         </channel>
 788 </rss>