blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</div>
  24       <div class="date">27th October 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>The
  26 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a>
  27 program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images.  It
  28 create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run
  29 debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a
  30 stick.  Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for
  31 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part
  32 of a plan to simplify the build system for
  33 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox">the FreedomBox
  34 project</a>.  The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for
  35 the virtualbox images, but its current build system made multistrap
  36 based system for Dreamplug images, and it is lacking support for
  37 Raspberry Pi.</p>
  38
  39 <p>Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native
  40 architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap
  41 code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64
  42 Debian laptop.  I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options,
  43 allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make
  44 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html">Debian
  45 Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>.  First, the
  46 <tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to
  47 call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the
  48 generated chroot before running the second stage.  This allow
  49 vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host.  Next I added
  50 two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype
  51 fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the
  52 given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat
  53 partition for the /boot/ stuff.  I also added a <tt>--variant
  54 variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the
  55 Debian base system packages installed.  Finally, I added an option
  56 <tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux
  57 as a boot loader.  It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably
  58 most other non-x86 architectures.  The changes were accepted by the
  59 upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now
  60 available from
  61 <a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the
  62 upstream project page</a>.</p>
  63
  64 <p>To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first
  65 create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free
  66 binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source
  67 list:</p>
  68
  69 <p><pre>
  70 #!/bin/sh
  71 set -e # Exit on first error
  72 rootdir="$1"
  73 cd "$rootdir"
  74 cat &lt;&lt;EOF > etc/apt/sources.list
  75 deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
  76 EOF
  77 # Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
  78 # install a kernel somewhere too.
  79 wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
  80     -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  81 chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  82 mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
  83 touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
  84 chroot $rootdir rpi-update
  85 </pre></p>
  86
  87 <p>Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this
  88 to build the image:</p>
  89
  90 <pre>
  91 sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
  92     --variant minbase \
  93     --arch armel \
  94     --distribution jessie \
  95     --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
  96     --image test.img \
  97     --size 600M \
  98     --bootsize 64M \
  99     --boottype vfat \
 100     --log-level debug \
 101     --verbose \
 102     --no-kernel \
 103     --no-extlinux \
 104     --root-password raspberry \
 105     --hostname raspberrypi \
 106     --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
 107     --customize `pwd`/customize \
 108     --package netbase \
 109     --package git-core \
 110     --package binutils \
 111     --package ca-certificates \
 112     --package wget \
 113     --package kmod
 114 </pre></p>
 115
 116 <p>The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by
 117 rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the
 118 exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find
 119 /etc/hosts with the minbase variant.  I really wish there was a way to
 120 set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but
 121 that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU
 122 using a non-free binary blob.</p>
 123
 124 <p>The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and
 125 probably a few others installed.  I have not checked the complete
 126 build dependency list.</p>
 127
 128 <p>The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit
 129 on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not
 130 optimized for that use.  So the images created will be a bit slower
 131 than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images.</p>
 132 </div>
 133
 134       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network</a>.</div>
 135
 136
 137     </div>
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142     <div id="sidebar">
 143
 144
 145
 146 <h2>Archive</h2>
 147 <ul>
 148
 149 <li>2021
 150 <ul>
 151
 152 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 153
 154 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 155
 156 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 157
 158 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 159
 160 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 161
 162 </ul></li>
 163
 164 <li>2020
 165 <ul>
 166
 167 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 168
 169 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 170
 171 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 172
 173 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 174
 175 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 176
 177 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 178
 179 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 180
 181 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 182
 183 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 184
 185 </ul></li>
 186
 187 <li>2019
 188 <ul>
 189
 190 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 191
 192 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 193
 194 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 195
 196 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 197
 198 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 199
 200 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 201
 202 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 203
 204 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 205
 206 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 207
 208 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 209
 210 </ul></li>
 211
 212 <li>2018
 213 <ul>
 214
 215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 216
 217 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 218
 219 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 220
 221 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 222
 223 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 224
 225 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 226
 227 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 228
 229 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 230
 231 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 232
 233 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 234
 235 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 236
 237 </ul></li>
 238
 239 <li>2017
 240 <ul>
 241
 242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 243
 244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 245
 246 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 247
 248 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 249
 250 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 251
 252 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 253
 254 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 255
 256 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 257
 258 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 259
 260 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 261
 262 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 263
 264 </ul></li>
 265
 266 <li>2016
 267 <ul>
 268
 269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 272
 273 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 274
 275 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 276
 277 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 278
 279 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 280
 281 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 282
 283 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 284
 285 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 286
 287 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 288
 289 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 290
 291 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 292
 293 </ul></li>
 294
 295 <li>2015
 296 <ul>
 297
 298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 299
 300 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 301
 302 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 303
 304 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 305
 306 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 307
 308 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 309
 310 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 311
 312 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 313
 314 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 315
 316 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 317
 318 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 319
 320 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 321
 322 </ul></li>
 323
 324 <li>2014
 325 <ul>
 326
 327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 332
 333 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 334
 335 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 336
 337 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 338
 339 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 340
 341 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 342
 343 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 344
 345 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 346
 347 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 348
 349 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 350
 351 </ul></li>
 352
 353 <li>2013
 354 <ul>
 355
 356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 361
 362 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 363
 364 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 365
 366 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 367
 368 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 369
 370 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 371
 372 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 373
 374 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 375
 376 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 377
 378 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 379
 380 </ul></li>
 381
 382 <li>2012
 383 <ul>
 384
 385 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 390
 391 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 392
 393 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 394
 395 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 396
 397 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 398
 399 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 400
 401 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 402
 403 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 404
 405 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 406
 407 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 408
 409 </ul></li>
 410
 411 <li>2011
 412 <ul>
 413
 414 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 419
 420 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 421
 422 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 423
 424 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 425
 426 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 427
 428 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 429
 430 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 431
 432 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 433
 434 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 435
 436 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 437
 438 </ul></li>
 439
 440 <li>2010
 441 <ul>
 442
 443 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 446
 447 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 448
 449 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 450
 451 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 452
 453 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 454
 455 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 456
 457 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 458
 459 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 460
 461 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 462
 463 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 464
 465 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 466
 467 </ul></li>
 468
 469 <li>2009
 470 <ul>
 471
 472 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 475
 476 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 477
 478 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 479
 480 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 481
 482 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 483
 484 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 485
 486 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 487
 488 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 489
 490 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 491
 492 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 493
 494 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 495
 496 </ul></li>
 497
 498 <li>2008
 499 <ul>
 500
 501 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 502
 503 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 504
 505 </ul></li>
 506
 507 </ul>
 508
 509
 510
 511 <h2>Tags</h2>
 512 <ul>
 513
 514  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (16)</a></li>
 515
 516  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 517
 518  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 519
 520  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 521
 522  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 523
 524  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 525
 526  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 527
 528  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 529
 530  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 531
 532  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (176)</a></li>
 533
 534  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 535
 536  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (8)</a></li>
 537
 538  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 539
 540  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
 541
 542  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (28)</a></li>
 543
 544  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 545
 546  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (426)</a></li>
 547
 548  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 549
 550  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 551
 552  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 553
 554  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 555
 556  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 557
 558  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 559
 560  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 561
 562  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 563
 564  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 565
 566  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 567
 568  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 569
 570  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
 571
 572  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 573
 574  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 575
 576  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 577
 578  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 579
 580  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (42)</a></li>
 581
 582  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
 583
 584  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
 585
 586  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (317)</a></li>
 587
 588  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
 589
 590  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
 591
 592  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 593
 594  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 595
 596  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (111)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 603
 604  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 605
 606  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (12)</a></li>
 607
 608  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 609
 610  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 611
 612  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 613
 614  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
 615
 616  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 617
 618  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 619
 620  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (71)</a></li>
 621
 622  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 623
 624  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
 625
 626  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (61)</a></li>
 627
 628  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 629
 630  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 631
 632  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 633
 634  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (19)</a></li>
 635
 636  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (75)</a></li>
 637
 638  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 639
 640  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 641
 642 </ul>
 643
 644
 645     </div>
 646     <p style="text-align: right">
 647  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 648 </p>
 649
 650   </body>
 651 </html>