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        <channel>
                <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
                <description></description>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
                <atom:link href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/index.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
        
        <item>
                <title>Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2015 14:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies
in Norway.  The information is publicly available, but one need to
recursively look up ownership for all owners to figure out the complete
ownership graph of a given set of companies.  To save me the work in
the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the
ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format.  The data source
is web scraping from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proff.no/&quot;&gt;Proff&lt;/a&gt;, because
I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of
the ownership data, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brreg.no/&quot;&gt;Brønnøysundsregistrene&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To get an owner ship graph for a set of companies, fetch
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph&quot;&gt;the code from git&lt;/a&gt; and run it using the organisation number.  I&#39;m
using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its
ownership structure is very simple:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
% time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 &gt; dagbladet.dot

real    0m2.841s
user    0m0.184s
sys     0m0.036s
%
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line,
allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image.  The
resulting dot file for the example above look like this.  The edges
are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the
organisation number as their name and the name as the label:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
digraph ownership {
rankdir = LR;
&quot;Aller Holding A/s&quot; -&gt; &quot;910119877&quot; [label=&quot;100%&quot;]
&quot;910119877&quot; -&gt; &quot;998689015&quot; [label=&quot;100%&quot;]
&quot;998689015&quot; -&gt; &quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;99%&quot;]
&quot;974530600&quot; -&gt; &quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;1%&quot;]
&quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;AS DAGBLADET&quot;]
&quot;998689015&quot; [label=&quot;Berner Media Holding AS&quot;]
&quot;974530600&quot; [label=&quot;Dagbladets Stiftelse&quot;]
&quot;910119877&quot; [label=&quot;Aller Media AS&quot;]
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To view the ownership graph, run &quot;&lt;tt&gt;dotty dagbladet.dot&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; or
convert it to a PNG using &quot;&lt;tt&gt;dot -T png dagbladet.dot &gt;
dagbladet.png&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;.  This is the result can be seen below:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png&quot; width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Note that I suspect the &quot;Aller Holding A/S&quot; entry to be incorrect
data in the official ownership register, as that name is not
registered in the official company register for Norway.  The ownership
register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking
of the ownership links.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources.
The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html</link>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2015 13:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
everywhere.  Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
the viewers do not like this.  This fact is well known to the TV
channels.  See for example the BBC white paper
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf&quot;&gt;Terminology
for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that&lt;/a&gt;&quot; from 2011 for a
summary of the problem domain.  To better address the need for even
loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
standardizing loudness.  From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en&quot;&gt;Algorithms to
measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
having a way to measure is not enough.  To get the same loudness
across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
on.  For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
R128, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf&quot;&gt;Loudness
normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, which
specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS.  In Norway, I have been
told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
level using the LUFS.  In Debian, I am aware of a library named
&lt;a href=&quot;https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128&quot;&gt;libebur128&lt;/a&gt;
able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
named &lt;a href=&quot;http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net&quot;&gt;bs1770gain&lt;/a&gt;
capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
for NEW processing.  I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org&quot;&gt;Debian
multimedia&lt;/a&gt; umbrella.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt;, plan to follow the
R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;the
NUUG member organisation&lt;/a&gt;.  The program seem to be able to measure
the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I&#39;ve only
successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files.  I suspect it
should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2015 15:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html&quot;&gt;NRK
trengte patentavtale med dem&lt;/a&gt; hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
tittel &quot;Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
med MPEG LA?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
det er behov for en patentavtale med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/&quot;&gt;MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; slik det står i
programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
for patentavtale?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge en artikkel på
&lt;a href=&quot;https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/&quot;&gt;NRK
Beta i 2012&lt;/a&gt; har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
Se f.eks. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf&quot;&gt;bruksvilkårene for Avid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html&quot;&gt;Adobe Premiere&lt;/a&gt; og &lt;a href=&quot;http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf&quot;&gt;Apple Final
Cut Studio&lt;/a&gt; og søk etter &quot;MPEG LA&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
med MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
formatet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx&quot;&gt;organisasjoner
med avtale med MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
2015-06-09:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
svare på dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
noen patentavtale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&quot;&gt;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Med vennlig hilsen
&lt;br&gt;Gunn Helen Berg
&lt;br&gt;Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;NRK
&lt;br&gt;Strategidivisjonen
&lt;Br&gt;Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
&lt;br&gt;Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
&lt;br&gt;nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
oppfølgerepost tilbake:

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Gunn Helen Berg]
&lt;br&gt;&gt; Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
&lt;br&gt;&gt; kunne svare på dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
&lt;br&gt;&gt; nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
&lt;br&gt;&gt; uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
&lt;br&gt;&gt; patentavtale.
&lt;br&gt;&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&gt; http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
(hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
at NRK trenger en lisens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video&quot; konkret betyr, men i følge en
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf&quot;&gt;presentasjon
fra MPEG LA med tema &quot;AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing&quot; datert
2015-05-15&lt;/a&gt; gjelder &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot; kun kringkasting
på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag (&quot;not
title-by-title&quot;), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
pressemeldingen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
sending?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
   slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
   Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
   hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
   hvis den er gjort skriftlig?&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
   for patentavtale?&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
   postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
   aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
NRK:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei Petter Reinholdtsen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
(som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
(igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
ikke av forbrukerne.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555&quot;&gt;http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
sluttbrukere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&quot;&gt;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf&lt;/a&gt;),
and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
royalty-bearing.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vennlig hilsen
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;________________________________________
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen
&lt;br&gt;Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
&lt;br&gt;Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
&lt;br&gt;NRK medietjenester
&lt;br&gt;Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
&lt;br&gt;Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
&lt;br&gt;nrk.no
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Geir Børdalen]
&lt;br&gt;&gt; Hei Petter Reinholdtsen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen &quot;in full&quot; som du omtaler
finnes?&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot; dekker
ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf&quot;&gt;lysark
fra MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
&quot;AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees&quot; og undertittel &quot;Where
remuneration is from other sources&quot; skriver &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
the AVC Patent Portfolio License&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
av formuleringen &quot;title-by-title&quot;) dekkes av &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video&quot; fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot;
dekker er beskrevet?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
gjelder for NRK?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
føljetongen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei igjen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
dessverre ikke gi deg).&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
&lt;br&gt;&gt; skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
&lt;br&gt;&gt; bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
ikke var del i dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
kommunisert i forrige epost.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mvh
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
så langt:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
dem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
mener er rikgig rettstilstand.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2015 11:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html&quot;&gt;min
påstand i forrige bloggpost&lt;/a&gt; om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
på indirekte formuleringer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/&quot;&gt;stortingsproposisjon
66&lt;/a&gt;, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
står det&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

  &lt;p&gt;Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
  kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
  ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
  utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
  til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
  identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
  personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
  fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
  i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
  standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
  på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.&lt;/p&gt;

  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;

  &lt;p&gt;For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
  nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
  utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
  til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
  forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
  opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
loven sier at det kan
«&lt;a href=&quot;https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6&quot;&gt;innhentes
og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)&lt;/a&gt;».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0&quot;&gt;innstillingen
fra stortingskomiteen&lt;/a&gt;, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
og fullt bak departementets forslag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2015 16:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
criminal or not, are
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e&quot;&gt;required to
give fingerprints to the police&lt;/a&gt; (vote details from Holder de
ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
the police.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
is good to know that
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs&quot;&gt;the
encryption is already broken&lt;/a&gt;.  And they
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html&quot;&gt;can
be read from 70 meters away&lt;/a&gt;.  This can be mitigated a bit by
keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
business getting access to that information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
information is stored in their national ID.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, &quot;when
extradition is not considered disproportionate&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
really could make such decision, I wrote
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html&quot;&gt;a
summary of the sources I have&lt;/a&gt; for concluding the way I do
(Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 1 May 2015 19:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The 2005 numbers are from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret&quot;&gt;digi.no&lt;/a&gt;,
the 2012 numbers are from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet&quot;&gt;a
NKOM report&lt;/a&gt;, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
different from the numbers from 2013.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
enough.  See for example a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1&quot;&gt;summary
on voice quality from Cisco&lt;/a&gt; for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
to get the storage requirements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
and large organisations:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Call minutes&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Size&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Price in NOK / EUR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;24 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.3 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;3 mill / 358 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2012&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;18 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;1.0 PiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.2 mill / 262 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;2013&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;17 000 000 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;950 TiB&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;2.1 mill / 250 000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
collecting the data?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2015 14:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
&lt;a href=&quot;https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;this
announcement today&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
*beta* release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
release, Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot;.

(As most reading this will know, Debian &quot;Jessie&quot; hasn&#39;t actually been
released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
later today ;)

We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu &quot;Jessie&quot; in the coming
weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
be possible and encouraged!

Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs

Debian Edu - sometimes also known as &quot;Skolelinux&quot; - is a complete
operating system for schools, universities and other
organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
days.

Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.

For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
installation instructions are available, including detailed
instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
least 5 characters!

== Where to download ==

A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
can be downloaded at the following locations:

    http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
    rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso . 

The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a

Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
available, with more software included (saving additional download
time):

    http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
    rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso 

The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636

Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
options.

== Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==

Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.

This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
online version of the translated manual.

More information about Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot; itself is provided in the
release notes and the installation manual:
- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
- http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual


== Errata / known problems ==

    It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
    DHCP (#780461).

    The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087). 

Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
hostname immediately.

Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
more current and complete list.

== Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==

=== Software updates ===

Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:

 * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
   i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
   Intel Pentium and AMD K5).

 * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
   Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
   * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
   * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
     the others see the manual.
 * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 * GOsa 2.7.4
 * LTSP 5.5.4
 * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 * new boot framework: systemd
 * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 * golearn 0.9
 * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
   notes and the installation manual, see the link above.

=== Installation changes ===

    Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
    for the hardware present.

=== Fixed bugs ===

A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
from a user perspective:

 * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
   DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
   information is corrected (710362)

 * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608). 

=== Sugar desktop removed ===

As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
available in Debian Edu jessie.


== About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==

Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
running all services needed for a school network is set up just
waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
environment.

== About Debian ==

The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
operating system.

== Thanks ==

Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
You rock.
&lt;/pre&gt;
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        <item>
                <title>Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2015 09:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
computer system for schools I&#39;ve involved in,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;, was
being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
Agarwal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Who are you, and how do you spend your days?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
few software start-ups as well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
project?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
education meta-packages provided by the project.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It&#39;s closest I have seen where a package full of educational
software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
&lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781841&quot;&gt;#781841&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/781842&quot;&gt;#781842&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it&#39;s more a
question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
for the developer per-se.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
Edu?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
help from people and the larger community wherever possible.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I don&#39;t see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
but for reasons not known not done or if done I don&#39;t know about them.
Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
still) I have had for a long time :&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
far would each travel and similar questions like these.

&lt;p&gt;The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
interactive manner. While sites such as the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html&quot;&gt;Ask
Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem&lt;/a&gt; (as an example or point of
inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
psychics and everything in-between.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
also be used.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don&#39;t think it
should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&amp;A single word answers
from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
the user&#39;s input.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
stock photos. Potential is immense.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
maintenance of such software I don&#39;t see any big difficulties. I know
of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which free software do you use daily?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it&#39;s a tie between
gnome-flashback and mate.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
get schools to use free software?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
whatever environment they are. If it&#39;s MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
various online stores so it isn&#39;t hard to convince on that front.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
there isn&#39;t even a page where all those different fonts in the La
Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
releases.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
is aimed at.

&lt;p&gt;Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
around 2 years, and
&lt;a href=&quot;https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/&quot;&gt;gathered
some experience&lt;/a&gt; there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
there was :&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
   and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
   portion/syllabus given.&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
   is in the syllabus.&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
   times with objects or whatever. An example, let&#39;s say in gcompris
   you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let&#39;s
   say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
   as recognizable as say a
   &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi&quot;&gt;Puneri
   Pagdi&lt;/a&gt; so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
   possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
   which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
   parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
   something but that is something for upstream to do.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ol&gt;
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                <title>I&#39;m going to the Open Source Developers&#39; Conference Nordic 2015!</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 7 Apr 2015 10:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to let you all know that I&#39;m going to the &lt;a
href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/&quot;&gt;Open Source Developers&#39;
Conference Nordic 2015&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
&lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192&quot;&gt;a talk proposal for
it&lt;/a&gt; (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
part of my involvement with the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;Norwegian Unix User Group member
association&lt;/a&gt; I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
Hackathon with our friends
over at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mysociety.org/&quot;&gt;mySociety&lt;/a&gt; and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.holderdeord.no/&quot;&gt;Holder de ord&lt;/a&gt;.  This part is
named the &#39;My Society&#39; track in the program.  There is still space for
more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks&quot;&gt;the talks
submitted and accepted so far&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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                <title>Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 4 Apr 2015 09:30:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.docbook.org/&quot;&gt;docbook&lt;/a&gt; version of the 2004 book
&lt;a href=&quot;http://free-culture.cc/&quot;&gt;Free Culture&lt;/a&gt; by Lawrence Lessig.
At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
I&#39;m more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig&quot;&gt;github&lt;/a&gt;
project pages.  You can also check out the 
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true&quot;&gt;EPUB&lt;/a&gt;
and HTML version available in the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive&quot;&gt;archive
directory&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
you find any.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
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