blog/index.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
   2           "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
   3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr">
   4   <head>
   5     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
   7     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/style.css" />
   8     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/vim.css" />
   9     <link rel="alternate" title="RSS Feed" href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/index.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
  10   </head>
  11   <body>
  12     <div class="title">
  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_fix_a_Thinkpad_X230_with_a_broken_180_GB_SSD_disk.html">How to fix a Thinkpad X230 with a broken 180 GB SSD disk</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">17th July 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Today I switched to
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">my
  27 new laptop</a>.  I've previously written about the problems I had with
  28 my new Thinkpad X230, which was delivered with an
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Intel_SSD_520_Series_180_GB_with_Lenovo_firmware_still_lock_up_from_sustained_writes.html">180
  30 GB Intel SSD disk with Lenovo firmware</a> that did not handle
  31 sustained writes.  My hardware supplier have been very forthcoming in
  32 trying to find a solution, and after first trying with another
  33 identical 180 GB disks they decided to send me a 256 GB Samsung SSD
  34 disk instead to fix it once and for all.  The Samsung disk survived
  35 the installation of Debian with encrypted disks (filling the disk with
  36 random data during installation killed the first two), and I thus
  37 decided to trust it with my data.  I have installed it as a Debian Edu
  38 Wheezy roaming workstation hooked up with my Debian Edu Squeeze main
  39 server at home using Kerberos and LDAP, and will use it as my work
  40 station from now on.</p>
  41
  42 <p>As this is a solid state disk with no moving parts, I believe the
  43 Debian Wheezy default installation need to be tuned a bit to increase
  44 performance and increase life time of the disk.  The Linux kernel and
  45 user space applications do not yet adjust automatically to such
  46 environment.  To make it easier for my self, I created a draft Debian
  47 package <tt>ssd-setup</tt> to handle this tuning.  The
  48 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/ssd-setup.git">source
  49 for the ssd-setup package</a> is available from collab-maint, and it
  50 is set up to adjust the setup of the machine by just installing the
  51 package.  If there is any non-SSD disk in the machine, the package
  52 will refuse to install, as I did not try to write any logic to sort
  53 file systems in SSD and non-SSD file systems.</p>
  54
  55 <p>I consider the package a draft, as I am a bit unsure how to best
  56 set up Debian Wheezy with an SSD.  It is adjusted to my use case,
  57 where I set up the machine with one large encrypted partition (in
  58 addition to /boot), put LVM on top of this and set up partitions on
  59 top of this again.  See the README file in the package source for the
  60 references I used to pick the settings.  At the moment these
  61 parameters are tuned:</p>
  62
  63 <ul>
  64
  65 <li>Set up cryptsetup to pass TRIM commands to the physical disk
  66     (adding discard to /etc/crypttab)</li>
  67
  68 <li>Set up LVM to pass on TRIM commands to the underlying device (in
  69     this case a cryptsetup partition) by changing issue_discards from
  70     0 to 1 in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf.</li>
  71
  72 <li>Set relatime as a file system option for ext3 and ext4 file
  73     systems.</li>
  74
  75 <li>Tell swap to use TRIM commands by adding 'discard' to
  76     /etc/fstab.</li>
  77
  78 <li>Change I/O scheduler from cfq to deadline using a udev rule.</li>
  79
  80 <li>Run fstrim on every ext3 and ext4 file system every night (from
  81     cron.daily).</li>
  82
  83 <li>Adjust sysctl values vm.swappiness to 1 and vm.vfs_cache_pressure
  84     to 50 to reduce the kernel eagerness to swap out processes.</li>
  85
  86 </ul>
  87
  88 <p>During installation, I cancelled the part where the installer fill
  89 the disk with random data, as this would kill the SSD performance for
  90 little gain.  My goal with the encrypted file system is to ensure
  91 those stealing my laptop end up with a brick and not a working
  92 computer.  I have no hope in keeping the really resourceful people
  93 from getting the data on the disk (see
  94 <a href="http://xkcd.com/538/">XKCD #538</a> for an explanation why).
  95 Thus I concluded that adding the discard option to crypttab is the
  96 right thing to do.</p>
  97
  98 <p>I considered using the noop I/O scheduler, as several recommended
  99 it for SSD, but others recommended deadline and a benchmark I found
 100 indicated that deadline might be better for interactive use.</p>
 101
 102 <p>I also considered using the 'discard' file system option for ext3
 103 and ext4, but read that it would give a performance hit ever time a
 104 file is removed, and thought it best to that that slowdown once a day
 105 instead of during my work.</p>
 106
 107 <p>My package do not set up tmpfs on /var/run, /var/lock and /tmp, as
 108 this is already done by Debian Edu.</p>
 109
 110 <p>I have not yet started on the user space tuning.  I expect
 111 iceweasel need some tuning, and perhaps other applications too, but
 112 have not yet had time to investigate those parts.</p>
 113
 114 <p>The package should work on Ubuntu too, but I have not yet tested it
 115 there.</p>
 116
 117 <p>As for the answer to the question in the title of this blog post,
 118 as far as I know, the only solution is to replace the disk.  It might
 119 be possible to flash it with Intel firmware instead of the Lenovo
 120 firmware.  But I have not tried and did not want to do so without
 121 approval from Lenovo as I wanted to keep the warranty on the disk
 122 until a solution was found and they wanted the broken disks back.</p>
 123 </div>
 124       <div class="tags">
 125
 126
 127         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 128
 129
 130       </div>
 131     </div>
 132     <div class="padding"></div>
 133
 134     <div class="entry">
 135       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Intel_SSD_520_Series_180_GB_with_Lenovo_firmware_still_lock_up_from_sustained_writes.html">Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB with Lenovo firmware still lock up from sustained writes</a></div>
 136       <div class="date">10th July 2013</div>
 137       <div class="body"><p>A few days ago, I wrote about
 138 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">the
 139 problems I experienced with my new X230 and its SSD disk</a>, which
 140 was dying during installation because it is unable to cope with
 141 sustained write.  My supplier is in contact with
 142 <a href="http://www.lenovo.com/">Lenovo</a>, and they wanted to send a
 143 replacement disk to try to fix the problem.  They decided to send an
 144 identical model, so my hopes for a permanent fix was slim.</p>
 145
 146 <p>Anyway, today I got the replacement disk and tried to install
 147 Debian Edu Wheezy with encrypted disk on it.  The new disk have the
 148 same firmware version as the original.  This time my hope raised
 149 slightly as the installation progressed, as the original disk used to
 150 die after 4-7% of the disk was written to, while this time it kept
 151 going past 10%, 20%, 40% and even past 50%.  But around 60%, the disk
 152 died again and I was back on square one.  I still do not have a new
 153 laptop with a disk I can trust.  I can not live with a disk that might
 154 lock up when I download a new
 155 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a> ISO or
 156 other large files.  I look forward to hearing from my supplier with
 157 the next proposal from Lenovo.</p>
 158
 159 <p>The original disk is marked Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB,
 160 11S0C38722Z1ZNME35X1TR, ISN: CVCV321407HB180EGN, SA: G57560302, FW:
 161 LF1i, 29MAY2013, PBA: G39779-300, LBA 351,651,888, LI P/N: 0C38722,
 162 Pb-free 2LI, LC P/N: 16-200366, WWN: 55CD2E40002756C4, Model:
 163 SSDSC2BW180A3L 2.5" 6Gb/s SATA SSD 180G 5V 1A, ASM P/N 0C38732, FRU
 164 P/N 45N8295, P0C38732.</p>
 165
 166 <p>The replacement disk is marked Intel SSD 520 Series 180 GB,
 167 11S0C38722Z1ZNDE34N0L0, ISN: CVCV315306RK180EGN, SA: G57560-302, FW:
 168 LF1i, 22APR2013, PBA: G39779-300, LBA 351,651,888, LI P/N: 0C38722,
 169 Pb-free 2LI, LC P/N: 16-200366, WWN: 55CD2E40000AB69E, Model:
 170 SSDSC2BW180A3L 2.5" 6Gb/s SATA SSD 180G 5V 1A, ASM P/N 0C38732, FRU
 171 P/N 45N8295, P0C38732.</p>
 172
 173 <p>The only difference is in the first number (serial number?), ISN,
 174 SA, date and WNPP values.  Mentioning all the details here in case
 175 someone is able to use the information to find a way to identify the
 176 failing disk among working ones (if any such working disk actually
 177 exist).</p>
 178 </div>
 179       <div class="tags">
 180
 181
 182         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 183
 184
 185       </div>
 186     </div>
 187     <div class="padding"></div>
 188
 189     <div class="entry">
 190       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/July_13th__Debian_Ubuntu_BSP_and_Skolelinux_Debian_Edu_developer_gathering_in_Oslo.html">July 13th: Debian/Ubuntu BSP and Skolelinux/Debian Edu developer gathering in Oslo</a></div>
 191       <div class="date"> 9th July 2013</div>
 192       <div class="body"><p>The upcoming Saturday, 2013-07-13, we are organising a combined
 193 Debian Edu developer gathering and Debian and Ubuntu bug squashing
 194 party in Oslo.  It is organised by <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
 195 member assosiation NUUG</a> and
 196 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">the Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 197 project</a> together with <a href="http://bitraf.no/">the hack space
 198 Bitraf</a>.</p>
 199
 200 <p>It starts 10:00 and continue until late evening.  Everyone is
 201 welcome, and there is no fee to participate.  There is on the other
 202 hand limited space, and only room for 30 people.  Please put your name
 203 on <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/BSP/2013/07/13/no/Oslo">the event
 204 wiki page</a> if you plan to join us.</p>
 205 </div>
 206       <div class="tags">
 207
 208
 209         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
 210
 211
 212       </div>
 213     </div>
 214     <div class="padding"></div>
 215
 216     <div class="entry">
 217       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230_.html">The Thinkpad is dead, long live the Thinkpad X230?</a></div>
 218       <div class="date"> 5th July 2013</div>
 219       <div class="body"><p>Half a year ago, I reported that I had to find a
 220 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">replacement
 221 for my trusty old Thinkpad X41</a>.  Unfortunately I did not have much
 222 time to spend on it, and it took a while to find a model I believe
 223 will do the job, but two days ago the replacement finally arrived.  I
 224 ended up picking a
 225 <a href="http://www.linlap.com/lenovo_thinkpad_x230">Thinkpad X230</a>
 226 with SSD disk (NZDAJMN).  I first test installed Debian Edu Wheezy as
 227 a roaming workstation, and it seemed to work flawlessly.  But my
 228 second installation with encrypted disk was not as successful.  More
 229 on that below.</p>
 230
 231 <p>I had a hard time trying to track down a good laptop, as my most
 232 important requirements (robust and with a good keyboard) are never
 233 listed in the feature list.  But I did get good help from the search
 234 feature at <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/">Prisjakt</a>, which
 235 allowed me to limit the list of interesting laptops based on my other
 236 requirements.  A bit surprising that SSD disk are not disks according
 237 to that search interface, so I had to drop specifying the number of
 238 disks from my search parameters.  I also asked around among friends to
 239 get their impression on keyboards and robustness.</p>
 240
 241 <p>So the new laptop arrived, and it is quite a lot wider than the
 242 X41.  I am not quite convinced about the keyboard, as it is
 243 significantly wider than my old keyboard, and I have to stretch my
 244 hand a lot more to reach the edges.  But the key response is fairly
 245 good and the individual key shape is fairly easy to handle, so I hope
 246 I will get used to it.  My old X40 was starting to fail, and I really
 247 needed a new laptop now. :)</p>
 248
 249 <p>Turning off the touch pad was simple.  All it took was a quick
 250 visit to the BIOS during boot it disable it.</p>
 251
 252 <p>But there is a fatal problem with the laptop.  The 180 GB SSD disk
 253 lock up during load.  And this happen when installing Debian Wheezy
 254 with encrypted disk, while the disk is being filled with random data.
 255 I also tested to install Ubuntu Raring, and it happen there too if I
 256 reenable the code to fill the disk with random data (it is disabled by
 257 default in Ubuntu).  And the bug with is already known.  It was
 258 reported to Debian as <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/691427">BTS
 259 report #691427 2012-10-25</a> (journal commit I/O error on brand-new
 260 Thinkpad T430s ext4 on lvm on SSD).  It is also reported to the Linux
 261 kernel developers as
 262 <a href="https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51861">Kernel bugzilla
 263 report #51861 2012-12-20</a> (Intel SSD 520 stops working under load
 264 (SSDSC2BW180A3L in Lenovo ThinkPad T430s)). It is also reported on the
 265 Lenovo forums, both for
 266 <a href="http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/T400-T500-and-newer-T-series/T430s-Intel-SSD-520-180GB-issue/m-p/1070549">T430
 267 2012-11-10</a> and for
 268 <a href="http://forums.lenovo.com/t5/X-Series-ThinkPad-Laptops/x230-SATA-errors-with-180GB-Intel-520-SSD-under-heavy-write-load/m-p/1068147">X230
 269 03-20-2013</a>.  The problem do not only affect installation.  The
 270 reports state that the disk lock up during use if many writes are done
 271 on the disk, so it is much no use to work around the installation
 272 problem and end up with a computer that can lock up at any moment.
 273 There is even a
 274 <a href="https://git.efficios.com/?p=test-ssd.git">small C program
 275 available</a> that will lock up the hard drive after running a few
 276 minutes by writing to a file.</p>
 277
 278 <p>I've contacted my supplier and asked how to handle this, and after
 279 contacting PCHELP Norway (request 01D1FDP) which handle support
 280 requests for Lenovo, his first suggestion was to upgrade the disk
 281 firmware.  Unfortunately there is no newer firmware available from
 282 Lenovo, as my disk already have the most recent one (version LF1i).  I
 283 hope to hear more from him today and hope the problem can be
 284 fixed. :)</p>
 285 </div>
 286       <div class="tags">
 287
 288
 289         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 290
 291
 292       </div>
 293     </div>
 294     <div class="padding"></div>
 295
 296     <div class="entry">
 297       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_Thinkpad_is_dead__long_live_the_Thinkpad_X230.html">The Thinkpad is dead, long live the Thinkpad X230</a></div>
 298       <div class="date"> 4th July 2013</div>
 299       <div class="body"><p>Half a year ago, I reported that I had to find a replacement for my
 300 trusty old Thinkpad X41.  Unfortunately I did not have much time to
 301 spend on it, but today the replacement finally arrived.  I ended up
 302 picking a <a href="http://www.linlap.com/lenovo_thinkpad_x230">Thinkpad
 303 X230</a> with SSD disk (NZDAJMN).  I first test installed Debian Edu
 304 Wheezy as a roaming workstation, and it worked flawlessly.  As I write
 305 this, it is installing what I hope will be a more final installation,
 306 with a encrypted hard drive to ensure any dope head stealing it end up
 307 with an expencive door stop.</p>
 308
 309 <p>I had a hard time trying to track down a good laptop, as my most
 310 important requirements (robust and with a good keyboard) are never
 311 listed in the feature list.  But I did get good help from the search
 312 feature at <ahref="http://www.prisjakt.no/">Prisjakt</a>, which
 313 allowed me to limit the list of interesting laptops based on my other
 314 requirements.  A bit surprising that SSD disk are not disks, so I had
 315 to drop number of disks from my search parameters.</p>
 316
 317 <p>I am not quite convinced about the keyboard, as it is significantly
 318 wider than my old keyboard, and I have to stretch my hand a lot more
 319 to reach the edges.  But the key response is fairly good and the
 320 individual key shape is fairly easy to handle, so I hope I will get
 321 used to it.  My old X40 was starting to fail, and I really needed a
 322 new laptop now. :)</p>
 323
 324 <p>I look forward to figuring out how to turn off the touch pad.</p>
 325 </div>
 326       <div class="tags">
 327
 328
 329         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 330
 331
 332       </div>
 333     </div>
 334     <div class="padding"></div>
 335
 336     <div class="entry">
 337       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fourth_alpha_release_of_Debian_Edu_Skolelinux_based_on_Debian_Wheezy.html">Fourth alpha release of Debian Edu/Skolelinux based on Debian Wheezy</a></div>
 338       <div class="date"> 3rd July 2013</div>
 339       <div class="body"><p>The fourth wheezy based alpha release of Debian Edu was wrapped up
 340 today.  This is the release announcement:</p>
 341
 342 <p><strong>New features for Debian Edu 7.1+edu0~alpha3 released
 343 2013-07-03</strong></p>
 344
 345 <p>These are the release notes for for Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 346 7.1+edu0~alpha3, based on Debian with codename "Wheezy".</p>
 347
 348 <p><strong>About Debian Edu and Skolelinux</strong></p>
 349
 350 <p><a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu, also known as
 351 Skolelinux</a>, is a Linux distribution based on Debian providing an
 352 out-of-the box environment of a completely configured school
 353 network. Immediately after installation a school server running all
 354 services needed for a school network is set up just waiting for users
 355 and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable Web-UI. A netbooting
 356 environment is prepared using PXE, so after initial installation of
 357 the main server from CD, DVD or USB stick all other machines can be
 358 installed via the network. The provided school server provides LDAP
 359 database and Kerberos authentication service, centralized home
 360 directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other services. The
 361 desktop contains
 362 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Educational_applications_included_in_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux__the_screenshot_collection____.html">more
 363 than 60 educational software packages</a> and more are available from
 364 the Debian archive, and schools can choose between KDE, Gnome, LXDE
 365 and Xfce desktop environment.</p>
 366
 367 <p>This is the fourth test release based on Debian Wheezy. Basically
 368 this is an updated and slightly improved version compared to the
 369 Squeeze release.</p>
 370
 371 <p><strong>Software updates</strong></p>
 372 <ul>
 373   <li>Dropped ispell dictionaries from our default installation.</li>
 374   <li>Dropped menu-xdg from the KDE desktop option, to drop the Debian
 375     submenu.  It was not included with Gnome, LXDE or Xfce, so this
 376     brings KDE in line with the others.</li>
 377   <li>Dropped xdrawchem, xjig and xsok from our default installation as
 378     they don't have a desktop menu entry and thus won't show up in the
 379     menu now that menu-xdg was removed.</li>
 380   <li>Removed the killer system to kill left behind processes on
 381     multi-user machines, as it was no longer able to understand when a
 382     X display was in use and killed the processes of the active users
 383     too.</li>
 384   <li>Dropped the golearn (from goplay) package as the debtags in wheezy
 385     are too few to make the package useful.</li>
 386 </ul>
 387 <p><strong>Other changes</strong></p>
 388 <ul>
 389   <li>Updated artwork matching http://wiki.debian.org/DebianArt/Themes/Joy
 390   <li>Multi-arch i386/amd64 USB stick ISO available.</li>
 391   <li>Got rid of ispell/wordlist related debconf questions that showed
 392     up for some language options.</li>
 393   <li>Switched to using http.debian.net as APT source by default.</li>
 394   <li>Fixed proxy configuration on Main Server installations.</li>
 395   <li>Changed LTSP setup to ask dpkg to use force-unsafe-io the same way
 396     d-i is doing it.</li>
 397   <li>Made sure root and user passwords were not left behind in the
 398     debconf database after installation on Main Server installations.</li>
 399   <li>Made Roaming Workstation dynamic setup more robust and added draft
 400     script setup-ad-client to hook a Roaming Workstation up to a
 401     Active Directory server instead of a Debian Edu Main Server.</li>
 402   <li>Update system to install needed firmware packages during
 403     installation, to work properly in Wheezy.</li>
 404   <li>Update system to handle hardware quirks (debian-edu-hwsetup).</li>
 405   <li>Corrected PXE installation setup to properly pass selected desktop
 406     and keymap settings to PXE installation clients.</li>
 407   <li>LTSP diskless workstations use sshfs by default, allowing them to
 408     work without adding them to DNS and NIS netgroups for NFS access.</li>
 409 </ul>
 410 <p><strong>Known issues</strong></p>
 411 <ul>
 412   <li>No mass import of user account data in GOsa (ldif or csv)
 413     available yet (698840).</li>
 414   <li>Artwork not enabled for all desktops.</li>
 415 </ul>
 416 <p><strong>Where to get it</strong></p>
 417
 418 <p>To download the multiarch netinstall CD release you can use</p>
 419 <ul>
 420   <li><a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso">ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso</a></li>
 421   <li><a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso">http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso</a></li>
 422   <li>rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-CD.iso .</li>
 423 </ul>
 424
 425 <p>The MD5SUM of this image is: 2b161a99d2a848c376d8d04e3854e30c
 426 <br>The SHA1SUM of this image is: 498922e9c508c0a7ee9dbe1dfe5bf830d779c3c8</p>
 427
 428 <p>To download the multiarch USB stick ISO release you can use</p>
 429 <ul>
 430   <li><a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso">ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso</a></li>
 431   <li><a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso">http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso</a></li>
 432   <li>rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/wheezy/debian-edu-7.1+edu0~a3-USB.iso .</li>
 433 </ul>
 434
 435 <p>The MD5SUM of this image is: 25e808e403a4c15dbef1d13c37d572ac
 436 <br>The SHA1SUM of this image is: 15ecfc93eb6b4f453b7eb0bc04b6a279262d9721</p>
 437
 438 <p><strong>How to report bugs</strong></p>
 439
 440 <p><a href="http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs">http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs</a></p>
 441 </div>
 442       <div class="tags">
 443
 444
 445         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 446
 447
 448       </div>
 449     </div>
 450     <div class="padding"></div>
 451
 452     <div class="entry">
 453       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatically_locate_and_install_required_firmware_packages_on_Debian__Isenkram_0_4_.html">Automatically locate and install required firmware packages on Debian (Isenkram 0.4)</a></div>
 454       <div class="date">25th June 2013</div>
 455       <div class="body"><p>It annoys me when the computer fail to do automatically what it is
 456 perfectly capable of, and I have to do it manually to get things
 457 working.  One such task is to find out what firmware packages are
 458 needed to get the hardware on my computer working.  Most often this
 459 affect the wifi card, but some times it even affect the RAID
 460 controller or the ethernet card.  Today I pushed version 0.4 of the
 461 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/isenkram">Isenkram package</a>
 462 including a new script isenkram-autoinstall-firmware handling the
 463 process of asking all the loaded kernel modules what firmware files
 464 they want, find debian packages providing these files and install the
 465 debian packages.  Here is a test run on my laptop:</p>
 466
 467 <p><pre>
 468 # isenkram-autoinstall-firmware
 469 info: kernel drivers requested extra firmware: ipw2200-bss.fw ipw2200-ibss.fw ipw2200-sniffer.fw
 470 info: fetching http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/squeeze/Contents-i386.gz
 471 info: locating packages with the requested firmware files
 472 info: Updating APT sources after adding non-free APT source
 473 info: trying to install firmware-ipw2x00
 474 firmware-ipw2x00
 475 firmware-ipw2x00
 476 Preconfiguring packages ...
 477 Selecting previously deselected package firmware-ipw2x00.
 478 (Reading database ... 259727 files and directories currently installed.)
 479 Unpacking firmware-ipw2x00 (from .../firmware-ipw2x00_0.28+squeeze1_all.deb) ...
 480 Setting up firmware-ipw2x00 (0.28+squeeze1) ...
 481 #
 482 </pre></p>
 483
 484 <p>When all the requested firmware is present, a simple message is
 485 printed instead:</p>
 486
 487 <p><pre>
 488 # isenkram-autoinstall-firmware
 489 info: did not find any firmware files requested by loaded kernel modules.  exiting
 490 #
 491 </pre></p>
 492
 493 <p>It could use some polish, but it is already working well and saving
 494 me some time when setting up new machines. :)</p>
 495
 496 <p>So, how does it work?  It look at the set of currently loaded
 497 kernel modules, and look up each one of them using modinfo, to find
 498 the firmware files listed in the module meta-information.  Next, it
 499 download the Contents file from a nearby APT mirror, and search for
 500 the firmware files in this file to locate the package with the
 501 requested firmware file.  If the package is in the non-free section, a
 502 non-free APT source is added and the package is installed using
 503 <tt>apt-get install</tt>.  The end result is a slightly better working
 504 machine.</p>
 505
 506 <p>I hope someone find time to implement a more polished version of
 507 this script as part of the hw-detect debian-installer module, to
 508 finally fix <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/655507">BTS report
 509 #655507</a>.  There really is no need to insert USB sticks with
 510 firmware during a PXE install when the packages already are available
 511 from the nearby Debian mirror.</p>
 512 </div>
 513       <div class="tags">
 514
 515
 516         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 517
 518
 519       </div>
 520     </div>
 521     <div class="padding"></div>
 522
 523     <div class="entry">
 524       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_value_of_a_good_distro_wide_test_suite___.html">The value of a good distro wide test suite...</a></div>
 525       <div class="date">22nd June 2013</div>
 526       <div class="body"><p>In the <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu /
 527 Skolelinux</a> project, we include a post-installation test suite,
 528 which check that services are running, working, and return the
 529 expected results.  It runs automatically just after the first boot on
 530 test installations (using test ISOs), but not on production
 531 installations (using non-test ISOs).  It test that the LDAP service is
 532 operating, Kerberos is responding, DNS is replying, file systems are
 533 online resizable, etc, etc.  And it check that the PXE service is
 534 configured, which is the topic of this post.</p>
 535
 536 <p>The last week I've fixed the DVD and USB stick ISOs for our Debian
 537 Edu Wheezy release.  These ISOs are supposed to be able to install a
 538 complete system without any Internet connection, but for that to
 539 happen all the needed packages need to be on them.  Thanks to our test
 540 suite, I discovered that we had forgotten to adjust our PXE setup to
 541 cope with the new names and paths used by the netboot d-i packages.
 542 When Internet connectivity was available, the installer fall back to
 543 using wget to fetch d-i boot images, but when offline it require
 544 working packages to get it working.  And ad the packages changed name
 545 from debian-installer-6.0-netboot-$arch to
 546 debian-installer-7.0-netboot-$arch, we no longer pulled in the
 547 packages during installation.  Without our test suite, I suspect we
 548 would never have discovered this before release.  Now it is fixed
 549 right after we got the ISOs operational.</p>
 550
 551 <p>Another by-product of the test suite is that we can ask system
 552 administrators with problems getting Debian Edu to work, to run the
 553 test suite using <tt>/usr/sbin/debian-edu-test-install</tt> and see if
 554 any errors are detected.  This usually pinpoint the subsystem causing
 555 the problem.</p>
 556
 557 <p>If you want to help us help kids learn how to share and create,
 558 please join us on
 559 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-edu">#debian-edu on
 560 irc.debian.org</a> and the
 561 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu/">debian-edu@</a> mailing
 562 list.</p>
 563 </div>
 564       <div class="tags">
 565
 566
 567         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 568
 569
 570       </div>
 571     </div>
 572     <div class="padding"></div>
 573
 574     <div class="entry">
 575       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Victor_Ni_u.html">Debian Edu interview: Victor Nițu</a></div>
 576       <div class="date">17th June 2013</div>
 577       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu and
 578 Skolelinux</a> distribution have users and contributors all around the
 579 globe.  And a while back, an enterprising young man showed up on
 580 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-edu">our IRC channel
 581 #debian-edu</a> and started asking questions about how Debian Edu
 582 worked.  We answered as good as we could, and even convinced him to
 583 help us with translations.  And today I managed to get an interview
 584 with him, to learn more about him.</p>
 585
 586 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 587
 588 <p>I'm a 25 year old free software enthusiast, living in Romania,
 589 which is also my country of origin. Back in 2009, at a New Year's Eve
 590 party, I had a very nice <strike>beer</strike> discussion with a
 591 friend, when we realized we have no organised Debian community in our
 592 country. A few days later, we put together the infrastructure for such
 593 community and even gathered a nice Debian-ish crowd. Since then, I
 594 began my quest as a free software hacker and activist and I am
 595 constantly trying to cover as much ground as possible on that
 596 field.</p>
 597
 598 <p>A few years ago I founded a small web development company, which
 599 provided me the flexible schedule I needed so much for my
 600 activities. For the last 13 months, I have been the Technical Director
 601 of <a href="http://ceata.org/">Fundația Ceata</a>, which is a free
 602 software activist organisation endorsed by the FSF and the FSFE, and
 603 the only one we have in our country.</p>
 604
 605 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 606 project?</strong></p>
 607
 608 <p>The idea of participating in the Debian Edu project was a surprise
 609 even to me, since I never used it before I began getting involved in
 610 it. This year I had a great opportunity to deliver a talk on
 611 educational software, and I knew immediately where to look. It was a
 612 love at first sight, since I was previously involved with some of the
 613 technologies the project incorporates, and I rapidly found a lot of
 614 ways to contribute.</p>
 615
 616 <p>My first contributions consisted in translating the installer and
 617 configuration dialogs, then I found some bugs to squash (I still
 618 haven't fixed them yet though), and I even got my eyes on some other
 619 areas where I can prove myself helpful. Since the appetite for free
 620 software in my country is pretty low, I'll be happy to be the first
 621 one around here advocating for the project's adoption in educational
 622 environments, and maybe even get my hands dirty in creating a flavour
 623 for our own needs. I am not used to make very advanced plannings, so
 624 from now on, time will tell what I'll be doing next, but I think I
 625 have a pretty consistent starting point.</p>
 626
 627 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux/Debian
 628 Edu?</strong></p>
 629
 630 <p>Not a long time ago, I was in the position of configuring and
 631 maintaining a LDAP server on some Debian derivative, and I must say it
 632 took me a while. A long time ago, I was maintaining a bigger
 633 Samba-powered infrastructure, and I must say I spent quite a lot of
 634 time on it. I have similar stories about many of the services included
 635 with Skolelinux, and the main advantage I see about it is the
 636 out-of-the box availability of them, making it quite competitive when
 637 it comes to managing a school's network, for example.</p>
 638
 639 <p>Of course, there is more to say about Skolelinux than the
 640 availability of the software included, its flexibility in various
 641 scenarios is something I can't wait to experiment "into the wild" (I
 642 only played with virtual machines so far). And I am sure there is a
 643 lot more I haven't discovered yet about it, being so new within the
 644 project.</p>
 645
 646 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 647 Edu?</strong></p>
 648
 649 <p>As usual, when it comes to Debian Blends, I see as the biggest
 650 disadvantage the lack of a numerous team dedicated to the
 651 project. Every day I see the same names in the changelogs, and I have
 652 a constantly fear of the bus factor in this story.  I'd like to see
 653 Debian Edu advertised more as an entry point into the Debian
 654 ecosystem, especially amongst newcomers and students. IMHO there are a
 655 lot low-hanging fruits in terms of bug squashing, and enough
 656 opportunities to get the feeling of the Debian Project's dynamics. Not
 657 to mention it's a very fun blend to work on!</p>
 658
 659 <p>Derived from the previous statement, is the delay in catching up
 660 with the main Debian release and documentation. This is common though
 661 to all blends and derivatives, but it's an issue we can all work
 662 on.</p>
 663
 664 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 665
 666 <p>I can hardly imagine myself spending a day without Vim, since my
 667 daily routine covers writing code and hacking configuration files. I
 668 am a fan of the Awesome window manager (but I also like the
 669 Enlightenment project a lot!),
 670 <a href="http://www.claws-mail.org/‎">Claws Mail</a> due to its ease of
 671 use and very configurable behaviour. Recently I fell in love with
 672 <a href="https://launchpad.net/redshift">Redshift</a>, which helps me
 673 get through the night without headaches. Of course, there is much more
 674 stuff in this bag, but I'll need a blog on my own for doing this!</p>
 675
 676 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 677 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 678
 679 <p>Well, on this field, I cannot do much more than experiment right
 680 now. So, being far from having a recipe for success, I can only assume
 681 that:</p>
 682
 683 <ul>
 684
 685 <li>schools would like to get rid of proprietary software</li>
 686
 687 <li>students will love the openness of the system, and will want to
 688     experiment with it - maybe we need to harvest the native curiosity
 689     of teenagers more?</li>
 690
 691 <li>there is no "right one" when it comes to strategies, but it would
 692     be useful to have some success stories published somewhere, so
 693     other can get some inspiration from them (I know I'd promote
 694     them!)</li>
 695
 696 <li>more active promotion - talks, conferences, even small school
 697     lectures can do magical things if they encounter at least one
 698     person interested. Who knows who that person might be? ;-)</li>
 699
 700 </ul>
 701
 702 <p>I also see some problems in getting Skolelinux into schools; for
 703 example, in our country we have a great deal of corruption issues, so
 704 it might be hard(er) to fight against proprietary solutions. Also,
 705 people who relied on commercial software for all their lives, would be
 706 very hard to convert against their will.</p>
 707 </div>
 708       <div class="tags">
 709
 710
 711         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
 712
 713
 714       </div>
 715     </div>
 716     <div class="padding"></div>
 717
 718     <div class="entry">
 719       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Jonathan_Carter.html">Debian Edu interview: Jonathan Carter</a></div>
 720       <div class="date">12th June 2013</div>
 721       <div class="body"><p>There is a certain cross-over between the
 722 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
 723 project</a> and <a href="http://www.edubuntu.org/">the Edubuntu
 724 project</a>, and for example the LTSP packages in Debian are a joint
 725 effort between the projects.  One person with a foot in both camps is
 726 Jonathan Carter, which I am now happy to present to you.</p>
 727
 728 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 729
 730 <p>I'm a South-African free software geek who lives in Cape Town. My
 731 days vary quite a bit since I'm involved in too many things. As I'm
 732 getting older I'm learning how to focus a bit more :)</p>
 733
 734 <p>I'm also an Edubuntu contributor and I love when there are
 735 opportunities for the Edubuntu and Debian Edu projects to benefit from
 736 each other.</p>
 737
 738 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 739 project?</strong></p>
 740
 741 <p>I've been somewhat familiar with the project before, but I think my
 742 first direct exposure to the project was when I met Petter
 743 [Reinholdtsen] and Knut [Yrvin] at the Edubuntu summit in 2005 in
 744 London. They provided great feedback that helped the bootstrapping of
 745 Edubuntu. Back then Edubuntu (and even Ubuntu) was still very new and
 746 it was great getting input from people who have been around longer. I
 747 was also still very excitable and said yes to everything and to this
 748 day I have a big todo list backlog that I'm catching up with. I think
 749 over the years the relationship between Edubuntu and Debian-Edu has
 750 been gradually improving, although I think there's a lot that we could
 751 still improve on in terms of working together on packages. I'm sure
 752 we'll get there one day.</p>
 753
 754 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 755 Edu?</strong></p>
 756
 757 <p>Debian itself already has so many advantages. I could go on about
 758 it for pages, but in essence I love that it's a very honest project
 759 that puts its users first with no hidden agendas and also produces
 760 very high quality work.</p>
 761
 762 <p>I think the advantage of Debian Edu is that it makes many common
 763 set-up tasks simpler so that administrators can get up and running
 764 with a lot less effort and frustration. At the same time I think it
 765 helps to standardise installations in schools so that it's easier for
 766 community members and commercial suppliers to support.</p>
 767
 768 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 769 Edu?</strong></p>
 770
 771 <p>I had to re-type this one a few times because I'm trying to
 772 separate "disadvantages" from "areas that need improvement" (which is
 773 what I originally rambled on about)</p>
 774
 775 <p>The biggest disadvantage I can think of is lack of manpower. The
 776 project could do so much more if there were more good contributors. I
 777 think some of the problems are external too. Free software and free
 778 content in education is a no-brainer but it takes some time to catch
 779 on. When you've been working with the same proprietary eco-system for
 780 years and have gotten used to it, it can be hard to adjust to some
 781 concepts in the free software world. It would be nice if there were
 782 more Debian Edu consultants across the world. I'd love to be one
 783 myself but I'm already so over-committed that it's just not possible
 784 currently.</p>
 785
 786 <p>I think the best short-term solution to that large-scale problem is
 787 for schools to be pro-active and share their experiences and grow
 788 their skills in-house. I'm often saddened to see how much money
 789 educational institutions spend on 3rd party solutions that they don't
 790 have access to after the service has ended and they could've gotten so
 791 much more value otherwise by being more self-sustainable and
 792 autonomous.</p>
 793
 794 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 795
 796 <p>My main laptop dual-boots between Debian and Windows 7. I was
 797 Windows free for years but started dual-booting again last year for
 798 some games which help me focus and relax (Starcraft II in
 799 particular). Gaming support on Linux is improving in leaps and bounds
 800 so I suppose I'll soon be able to regain that disk space :)</p>
 801
 802 <p>Besides that I rely on Icedove, Chromium, Terminator, Byobu, irssi,
 803 git, Tomboy, KVM, VLC and LibreOffice. Recently I've been torn on
 804 which desktop environment I like and I'm taking some refuge in Xfce
 805 while I figure that out. I like tools that keep things simple. I enjoy
 806 Python and shell scripting. I went to an Arduino workshop recently and
 807 it was awesome seeing how easy and simple the IDE software was to get
 808 up and running in Debian compared to the users running Windows and OS
 809 X.</p>
 810
 811 <p>I also use mc which some people frown upon slightly. I got used to
 812 using Norton Commander in the early 90's and it stuck (I think the
 813 people who sneer at it is just jealous that they don't know how to use
 814 it :p)
 815
 816 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 817 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 818
 819 <p>I think trying to force it is unproductive. I also think that in
 820 many cases it's appropriate for schools to use non-free systems and I
 821 don't think that there's any particular moral or ethical problem with
 822 that.</p>
 823
 824 <p>I do think though that free software can already solve so so many
 825 problems in educational institutions and it's just a shame not taking
 826 advantage of that.</p>
 827
 828 <p>I also think that some curricula need serious review. For example,
 829 some areas of the world rely heavily on very specific versions of MS
 830 Office, teaching students to parrot menu items instead of learning the
 831 general concepts. I think that's very unproductive because firstly, MS
 832 Office's interface changes drastically every few years and on top of
 833 that it also locks in a generation to a product that might not be the
 834 best solution for them.</p>
 835
 836 <p>To answer your question, I believe that the right strategy is to
 837 educate and inform, giving someone the information they require to
 838 make a decision that would work for them.</p>
 839 </div>
 840       <div class="tags">
 841
 842
 843         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
 844
 845
 846       </div>
 847     </div>
 848     <div class="padding"></div>
 849
 850     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 851     <div id="sidebar">
 852
 853
 854
 855 <h2>Archive</h2>
 856 <ul>
 857
 858 <li>2013
 859 <ul>
 860
 861 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 874
 875 </ul></li>
 876
 877 <li>2012
 878 <ul>
 879
 880 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 881
 882 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 901
 902 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 903
 904 </ul></li>
 905
 906 <li>2011
 907 <ul>
 908
 909 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 930
 931 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 932
 933 </ul></li>
 934
 935 <li>2010
 936 <ul>
 937
 938 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 959
 960 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 961
 962 </ul></li>
 963
 964 <li>2009
 965 <ul>
 966
 967 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 990
 991 </ul></li>
 992
 993 <li>2008
 994 <ul>
 995
 996 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 999
1000 </ul></li>
1001
1002 </ul>
1003
1004
1005
1006 <h2>Tags</h2>
1007 <ul>
1008
1009  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1010
1011  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1012
1013  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1014
1015  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1016
1017  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (7)</a></li>
1018
1019  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1020
1021  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1022
1023  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (83)</a></li>
1024
1025  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (137)</a></li>
1026
1027  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1028
1029  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (9)</a></li>
1030
1031  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1032
1033  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (209)</a></li>
1034
1035  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1036
1037  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1038
1039  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (11)</a></li>
1040
1041  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (11)</a></li>
1042
1043  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (37)</a></li>
1044
1045  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (7)</a></li>
1046
1047  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (18)</a></li>
1048
1049  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1050
1051  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1052
1053  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1054
1055  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1056
1057  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (234)</a></li>
1058
1059  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (153)</a></li>
1060
1061  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (8)</a></li>
1062
1063  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1064
1065  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (44)</a></li>
1066
1067  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (65)</a></li>
1068
1069  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1070
1071  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1072
1073  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1074
1075  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (7)</a></li>
1076
1077  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1078
1079  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1080
1081  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1082
1083  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (29)</a></li>
1084
1085  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1086
1087  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1088
1089  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (43)</a></li>
1090
1091  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1092
1093  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (7)</a></li>
1094
1095  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (15)</a></li>
1096
1097  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1098
1099  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (38)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1106
1107 </ul>
1108
1109
1110     </div>
1111     <p style="text-align: right">
1112  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1113 </p>
1114
1115   </body>
1116 </html>