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   3         <channel>
   4                 <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
   5                 <description></description>
   6                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
   7                 <atom:link href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/index.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
   8
   9         <item>
  10                 <title>First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</title>
  11                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html</link>
  12                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html</guid>
  13                 <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
  14                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Early this month I set out to try to
  15 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html&quot;&gt;improve
  16 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices&lt;/a&gt;.  Now my
  17 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  18 it, fetch the
  19 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/&quot;&gt;source
  20 from the Debian Edu subversion repository&lt;/a&gt;, build and install the
  21 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  22 autostart script.&lt;/p&gt;
  23
  24 &lt;p&gt;The design is simple:&lt;/p&gt;
  25
  26 &lt;ul&gt;
  27
  28 &lt;li&gt;Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  29 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.&lt;/li&gt;
  30
  31 &lt;li&gt;This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  32 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  33 initially did.&lt;/li&gt;
  34
  35 &lt;li&gt;When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  36 the APT database, a database
  37 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup&quot;&gt;available
  38 via HTTP&lt;/a&gt; and a database available as part of the package.&lt;/li&gt;
  39
  40 &lt;li&gt;If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  41 isn&#39;t installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  42 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  43 package or packages.&lt;/li&gt;
  44
  45 &lt;li&gt;If the user click on the &#39;install package now&#39; button, ask
  46 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.&lt;/li&gt;
  47
  48 &lt;li&gt;aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
  49 package while showing progress information in a window.&lt;/li&gt;
  50
  51 &lt;/ul&gt;
  52
  53 &lt;p&gt;I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
  54 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
  55 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
  56 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.&lt;/p&gt;
  57
  58 &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png&quot;&gt;
  59 &lt;br&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png&quot;&gt;
  60 &lt;br&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png&quot;&gt;
  61 &lt;br&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png&quot;&gt;
  62 &lt;br&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  63
  64 &lt;p&gt;The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
  65 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
  66 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
  67 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
  68 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
  69 method.  I&#39;ve dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
  70 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
  71 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.&lt;/p&gt;
  72
  73 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2013-01-21 16:50&lt;/strong&gt;: Due to popular demand,
  74 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
  75 &#39;&lt;tt&gt;svn checkout
  76 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
  77 hw-support-handler; debuild&lt;/tt&gt;&#39;.  If you lack debuild, install the
  78 devscripts package.&lt;/p&gt;
  79 </description>
  80         </item>
  81
  82         <item>
  83                 <title>Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</title>
  84                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html</link>
  85                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html</guid>
  86                 <pubDate>Sat, 19 Jan 2013 09:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
  87                 <description>&lt;p&gt;This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
  88 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
  89 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
  90 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
  91 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
  92 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
  93 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
  94 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
  95 not a durable solution.
  96
  97 &lt;p&gt;My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
  98 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)&lt;/p&gt;
  99
 100 &lt;ul&gt;
 101
 102 &lt;li&gt;Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 103   than A4).&lt;/li&gt;
 104 &lt;li&gt;Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.&lt;/li&gt;
 105 &lt;li&gt;Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.&lt;/li&gt;
 106 &lt;li&gt;Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.&lt;/li&gt;
 107 &lt;li&gt;Internal WIFI network card.&lt;/li&gt;
 108 &lt;li&gt;Internal Twisted Pair network card.&lt;/li&gt;
 109 &lt;li&gt;Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)&lt;/li&gt;
 110 &lt;li&gt;Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.&lt;/li&gt;
 111 &lt;li&gt;Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12&quot; (A4 paper
 112 size).&lt;/li&gt;
 113 &lt;li&gt;Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 114   X.org packages.&lt;/li&gt;
 115 &lt;li&gt;Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 116   the time).
 117
 118 &lt;/ul&gt;
 119
 120 &lt;p&gt;You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 121 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 122 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 123 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 124 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 125 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 126 Lenovo took over.  But I&#39;ve been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 127 still be useful.&lt;/p&gt;
 128
 129 &lt;p&gt;Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 130 external keyboard?  I&#39;ll have to check the
 131 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linux-laptop.net/&quot;&gt;Linux Laptops site&lt;/a&gt; for
 132 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 133 of the vendors listed on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://linuxpreloaded.com/&quot;&gt;Linux
 134 Pre-loaded site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 135 </description>
 136         </item>
 137
 138         <item>
 139                 <title>How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</title>
 140                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html</link>
 141                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html</guid>
 142                 <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jan 2013 10:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
 143                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 144 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 145 &lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins&quot;&gt;specifications
 146 done by Ubuntu&lt;/a&gt; and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 147 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 148 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 149 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:&lt;/p&gt;
 150
 151 &lt;pre&gt;
 152 #!/usr/bin/python
 153 import sys
 154 import apt
 155 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 156     cache = apt.Cache()
 157     cache.open(None)
 158     thepkgs = []
 159     for pkg in cache:
 160         version = pkg.candidate
 161         if version is None:
 162             version = pkg.installed
 163         if version is None:
 164             continue
 165         record = version.record
 166         if not record.has_key(&#39;Npp-MimeType&#39;):
 167             continue
 168         mime_types = record[&#39;Npp-MimeType&#39;].split(&#39;,&#39;)
 169         for t in mime_types:
 170             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 171             if t == mimetype:
 172                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 173     return thepkgs
 174 mimetype = &quot;audio/ogg&quot;
 175 if 1 &lt; len(sys.argv):
 176     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 177 print &quot;Browser plugin packages supporting %s:&quot; % mimetype
 178 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 179     print &quot;  %s&quot; %pkg
 180 &lt;/pre&gt;
 181
 182 &lt;p&gt;It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:&lt;/p&gt;
 183
 184 &lt;pre&gt;
 185 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 186 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 187   gecko-mediaplayer
 188 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 189 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 190   browser-plugin-gnash
 191 %
 192 &lt;/pre&gt;
 193
 194 &lt;p&gt;In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 195 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 196 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 197 anyone working on adding it?&lt;/p&gt;
 198
 199 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2013-01-18 14:20&lt;/strong&gt;: The Debian BTS
 200 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 201 &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/484010&quot;&gt;#484010&lt;/a&gt; from 2008 (and
 202 &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/698426&quot;&gt;#698426&lt;/a&gt; from today).  Lack
 203 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 204 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.&lt;/p&gt;
 205 </description>
 206         </item>
 207
 208         <item>
 209                 <title>What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</title>
 210                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html</link>
 211                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html</guid>
 212                 <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 10:10:00 +0100</pubDate>
 213                 <description>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal&quot;&gt;DEP-11
 214 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive&lt;/a&gt;, is a
 215 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 216 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 217 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 218 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 219 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 220 downloaded by the browser.&lt;/p&gt;
 221
 222 &lt;p&gt;To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 223 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 224 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 225 can be found on the
 226 &lt;a href=&quot;http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest&quot;&gt;Skolelinux FTP
 227 site&lt;/a&gt;.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 228 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 229 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 230 The complete list is available from the link above.&lt;/p&gt;
 231
 232 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Debian Stable:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 233
 234 &lt;pre&gt;
 235   count MIME type
 236   ----- -----------------------
 237      32 text/plain
 238      30 audio/mpeg
 239      29 image/png
 240      28 image/jpeg
 241      27 application/ogg
 242      26 audio/x-mp3
 243      25 image/tiff
 244      25 image/gif
 245      22 image/bmp
 246      22 audio/x-wav
 247      20 audio/x-flac
 248      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 249      18 video/x-ms-asf
 250      18 audio/x-musepack
 251      18 audio/x-mpeg
 252      18 application/x-ogg
 253      17 video/mpeg
 254      17 audio/x-scpls
 255      17 audio/ogg
 256      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 257 &lt;/pre&gt;
 258
 259 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Debian Testing:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 260
 261 &lt;pre&gt;
 262   count MIME type
 263   ----- -----------------------
 264      33 text/plain
 265      32 image/png
 266      32 image/jpeg
 267      29 audio/mpeg
 268      27 image/gif
 269      26 image/tiff
 270      26 application/ogg
 271      25 audio/x-mp3
 272      22 image/bmp
 273      21 audio/x-wav
 274      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 275      19 audio/x-mpeg
 276      18 video/mpeg
 277      18 audio/x-scpls
 278      18 audio/x-flac
 279      18 application/x-ogg
 280      17 video/x-ms-asf
 281      17 text/html
 282      17 audio/x-musepack
 283      16 image/x-xbitmap
 284 &lt;/pre&gt;
 285
 286 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Debian Unstable:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 287
 288 &lt;pre&gt;
 289   count MIME type
 290   ----- -----------------------
 291      31 text/plain
 292      31 image/png
 293      31 image/jpeg
 294      29 audio/mpeg
 295      28 application/ogg
 296      27 image/gif
 297      26 image/tiff
 298      26 audio/x-mp3
 299      23 audio/x-wav
 300      22 image/bmp
 301      21 audio/x-flac
 302      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 303      19 audio/x-mpeg
 304      18 video/x-ms-asf
 305      18 video/mpeg
 306      18 audio/x-scpls
 307      18 application/x-ogg
 308      17 audio/x-musepack
 309      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 310      16 video/x-msvideo
 311 &lt;/pre&gt;
 312
 313 &lt;p&gt;I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 314 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 315 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 316 issues.&lt;/p&gt;
 317
 318 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2013-01-16 13:35&lt;/strong&gt;: Updated numbers after
 319 discovering a typo in my script.&lt;/p&gt;
 320 </description>
 321         </item>
 322
 323         <item>
 324                 <title>Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</title>
 325                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html</link>
 326                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html</guid>
 327                 <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 08:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
 328                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Yesterday, I wrote about the
 329 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html&quot;&gt;modalias
 330 values provided by the Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt; following my hope for
 331 &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html&quot;&gt;better
 332 dongle support in Debian&lt;/a&gt;.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 333 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 334 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 335 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 336 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 337 packages.&lt;/p&gt;
 338
 339 &lt;p&gt;I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 340 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 341 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 342 modalias.&lt;/p&gt;
 343
 344 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 345 Package: package-name
 346 &lt;br&gt;Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)&lt;/p&gt;
 347 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 348
 349 &lt;p&gt;It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 350 for a given modalias value using this file.&lt;/p&gt;
 351
 352 &lt;p&gt;An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 353 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):&lt;/p&gt;
 354
 355 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 356 Package: cheese
 357 &lt;br&gt;Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)&lt;/p&gt;
 358 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 359
 360 &lt;p&gt;An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 361 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:&lt;/p&gt;
 362
 363 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 364 Package: pcmciautils
 365 &lt;br&gt;Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 366 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 367
 368 &lt;p&gt;An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 369 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:&lt;/p&gt;
 370
 371 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 372 Package: colorhug-client
 373 &lt;br&gt;Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)&lt;/p&gt;
 374 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 375
 376 &lt;p&gt;I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 377 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 378 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.&lt;/p&gt;
 379
 380 &lt;p&gt;By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 381 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 382 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 383 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 384 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I&#39;ve
 385 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 386 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 387 Raring.&lt;/p&gt;
 388
 389 &lt;p&gt;To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 390 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 391 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 392 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 393 try the
 394 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co&quot;&gt;hw-support-lookup&lt;/a&gt;
 395 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 396 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 397 repository where I currently work on my prototype.&lt;/p&gt;
 398
 399 &lt;p&gt;When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 400 install yubikey-personalization:&lt;/p&gt;
 401
 402 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 403 % ./hw-support-lookup
 404 &lt;br&gt;yubikey-personalization
 405 &lt;br&gt;%
 406 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 407
 408 &lt;p&gt;When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 409 propose to install the pcmciautils package:&lt;/p&gt;
 410
 411 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 412 % ./hw-support-lookup
 413 &lt;br&gt;pcmciautils
 414 &lt;br&gt;%
 415 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 416
 417 &lt;p&gt;If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 418 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co&quot;&gt;my
 419 database&lt;/a&gt;, please tell me about it.&lt;/p&gt;
 420
 421 &lt;p&gt;It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 422 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 423 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 424 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 425 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 426 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 427 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 428 see if it work.&lt;/p&gt;
 429
 430 &lt;p&gt;If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 431 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 432 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 433 &lt;a href=&quot;irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel&quot;&gt;#debian-devel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 434 </description>
 435         </item>
 436
 437         <item>
 438                 <title>Modalias strings - a practical way to map &quot;stuff&quot; to hardware</title>
 439                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html</link>
 440                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html</guid>
 441                 <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2013 11:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
 442                 <description>&lt;p&gt;While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 443 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 444 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 445 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 446 in
 447 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/&quot;&gt;the
 448 Debian Edu subversion repository&lt;/a&gt;:
 449
 450 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Modalias decoded&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 451
 452 &lt;p&gt;This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 453 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 454 &amp;lt;URL: &lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias&quot;&gt;https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias&lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt;,
 455 &amp;lt;URL: &lt;a href=&quot;http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device&quot;&gt;http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device&lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt;,
 456 &amp;lt;URL: &lt;a href=&quot;http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c&quot;&gt;http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c&lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt; and
 457 &amp;lt;URL: &lt;a href=&quot;http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&amp;view=markup&quot;&gt;http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&amp;view=markup&lt;/a&gt; &amp;gt;.
 458
 459 &lt;p&gt;The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 460 this shell script:&lt;/p&gt;
 461
 462 &lt;pre&gt;
 463 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 464 &lt;/pre&gt;
 465
 466 &lt;p&gt;The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 467 using modinfo:&lt;/p&gt;
 468
 469 &lt;pre&gt;
 470 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 471 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 472 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 473 %
 474 &lt;/pre&gt;
 475
 476 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PCI subtype&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 477
 478 &lt;p&gt;A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 479 Bridge memory controller:&lt;/p&gt;
 480
 481 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 482 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 483 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 484
 485 &lt;p&gt;This represent these values:&lt;/p&gt;
 486
 487 &lt;pre&gt;
 488  v   00008086  (vendor)
 489  d   00002770  (device)
 490  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 491  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 492  bc  06        (bus class)
 493  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 494  i   00        (interface)
 495 &lt;/pre&gt;
 496
 497 &lt;p&gt;The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from &#39;lspci
 498 -n&#39; as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 499 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 500 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).&lt;/p&gt;
 501
 502 &lt;p&gt;Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 503 means.&lt;/p&gt;
 504
 505 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;USB subtype&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 506
 507 &lt;p&gt;Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 508 USB hub in a laptop:&lt;/p&gt;
 509
 510 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 511 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 512 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 513
 514 &lt;p&gt;Here is the values included in this alias:&lt;/p&gt;
 515
 516 &lt;pre&gt;
 517  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 518  p    0001  (device product)
 519  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 520  dc     09  (device class)
 521  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 522  dp     00  (device protocol)
 523  ic     09  (interface class)
 524  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 525  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 526 &lt;/pre&gt;
 527
 528 &lt;p&gt;The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 529 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 530 these alias entries show up:&lt;/p&gt;
 531
 532 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 533 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 534 &lt;br&gt;usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 535 &lt;br&gt;usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 536 &lt;br&gt;usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 537 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 538
 539 &lt;p&gt;Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 540 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 541 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.&lt;/p&gt;
 542
 543 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ACPI subtype&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 544
 545 &lt;p&gt;The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 546 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:&lt;/p&gt;
 547
 548 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 549 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 550 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 551
 552 &lt;p&gt;The values between the colons are IDs.&lt;/p&gt;
 553
 554 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DMI subtype&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 555
 556 &lt;p&gt;The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 557 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 558 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:&lt;/p&gt;
 559
 560 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 561 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 562 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 563
 564 &lt;p&gt;The values present are&lt;/p&gt;
 565
 566 &lt;pre&gt;
 567  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 568  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 569  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 570  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 571  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 572  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 573  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 574  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 575  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 576  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 577  ct   10             (chassis type)
 578  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 579 &lt;/pre&gt;
 580
 581 &lt;p&gt;The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 582 found in the dmidecode source:&lt;/p&gt;
 583
 584 &lt;pre&gt;
 585   3 Desktop
 586   4 Low Profile Desktop
 587   5 Pizza Box
 588   6 Mini Tower
 589   7 Tower
 590   8 Portable
 591   9 Laptop
 592  10 Notebook
 593  11 Hand Held
 594  12 Docking Station
 595  13 All In One
 596  14 Sub Notebook
 597  15 Space-saving
 598  16 Lunch Box
 599  17 Main Server Chassis
 600  18 Expansion Chassis
 601  19 Sub Chassis
 602  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 603  21 Peripheral Chassis
 604  22 RAID Chassis
 605  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 606  24 Sealed-case PC
 607  25 Multi-system
 608  26 CompactPCI
 609  27 AdvancedTCA
 610  28 Blade
 611  29 Blade Enclosing
 612 &lt;/pre&gt;
 613
 614 &lt;p&gt;The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 615 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 616 claim it is a desktop.&lt;/p&gt;
 617
 618 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SerIO subtype&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 619
 620 &lt;p&gt;This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 621 test machine:&lt;/p&gt;
 622
 623 &lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
 624 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 625 &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 626
 627 &lt;p&gt;The values present are&lt;/p&gt;
 628
 629 &lt;pre&gt;
 630   ty  01  (type)
 631   pr  00  (prototype)
 632   id  00  (id)
 633   ex  00  (extra)
 634 &lt;/pre&gt;
 635
 636 &lt;p&gt;This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 637 the valid values are.&lt;/p&gt;
 638
 639 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other subtypes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 640
 641 &lt;p&gt;There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 642 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 643 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 644 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 645 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 646 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 647 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.&lt;/p&gt;
 648
 649 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Looking up kernel modules using modalias values&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 650
 651 &lt;p&gt;To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 652 one can use the following shell script:&lt;/p&gt;
 653
 654 &lt;pre&gt;
 655   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 656     echo &quot;$id&quot; ; \
 657     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends &quot;$id&quot;|sed &#39;s/^/  /&#39; ; \
 658   done
 659 &lt;/pre&gt;
 660
 661 &lt;p&gt;The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 662 list is very long on my test machine):&lt;/p&gt;
 663
 664 &lt;pre&gt;
 665   acpi:ACPI0003:
 666     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 667   acpi:device:
 668   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 669   acpi:IBM0068:
 670     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 671     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 672     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 673     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 674   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 675     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 676     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 677     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 678   [...]
 679 &lt;/pre&gt;
 680
 681 &lt;p&gt;If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 682 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 683 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 684 &lt;a href=&quot;irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel&quot;&gt;#debian-devel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
 685
 686 &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2013-01-15:&lt;/strong&gt; Rewrite &quot;cat $(find ...)&quot; to
 687 &quot;find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat&quot; to make sure it handle directories
 688 in /sys/ with space in them.&lt;/p&gt;
 689 </description>
 690         </item>
 691
 692         <item>
 693                 <title>Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</title>
 694                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html</link>
 695                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html</guid>
 696                 <pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 20:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
 697                 <description>&lt;p&gt;As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 698 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 699 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 700 &lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile&quot;&gt;pymissile&lt;/a&gt; to make
 701 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 702 also added a &quot;Modaliases&quot; header to test it in the Debian archive and
 703 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 704 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 705 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 706 contribute.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/&quot;&gt;Upstream&lt;/a&gt;
 707 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 708 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 709 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 710 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 711 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 712 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git&quot;&gt;gitweb
 713 view&lt;/a&gt; or use &quot;&lt;tt&gt;git clone
 714 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;
 715 </description>
 716         </item>
 717
 718         <item>
 719                 <title>Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</title>
 720                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html</link>
 721                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html</guid>
 722                 <pubDate>Wed, 9 Jan 2013 15:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
 723                 <description>&lt;p&gt;One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 724 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 725 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 726 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 727 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 728 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 729 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 730 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 731 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 732 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 733 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.&lt;/p&gt;
 734
 735 &lt;p&gt;Some years ago, I proposed to
 736 &lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html&quot;&gt;use
 737 the discover subsystem to implement this&lt;/a&gt;.  The idea is fairly
 738 simple:
 739
 740 &lt;ul&gt;
 741
 742 &lt;li&gt;Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 743   starting when a user log in.&lt;/li&gt;
 744
 745 &lt;li&gt;Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 746   hardware is inserted into the computer.&lt;/li&gt;
 747
 748 &lt;li&gt;When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 749   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 750   packages.&lt;/li&gt;
 751
 752 &lt;li&gt;Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 753   package, and make it easy to install it.&lt;/li&gt;
 754
 755 &lt;/ul&gt;
 756
 757 &lt;p&gt;I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 758 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 759 discover database to find packages and
 760 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.packagekit.org/&quot;&gt;PackageKit&lt;/a&gt; to install
 761 packages.&lt;/p&gt;
 762
 763 &lt;p&gt;Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 764 draft package is now checked into
 765 &lt;a href=&quot;http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/&quot;&gt;the
 766 Debian Edu subversion repository&lt;/a&gt;.  In the process, I updated the
 767 &lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html&quot;&gt;discover-data&lt;/a&gt;
 768 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 769 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 770 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 771 &lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html&quot;&gt;discover&lt;/a&gt;
 772 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 773 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 774 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 775 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn&#39;t upload it to unstable
 776 because of the freeze).&lt;/p&gt;
 777
 778 &lt;p&gt;With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 779 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 780 inserted):&lt;/p&gt;
 781
 782 &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 783
 784 &lt;p&gt;For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 785 install the proposed packages by pressing the &quot;Please install
 786 program(s)&quot; button should to be implemented.&lt;/p&gt;
 787
 788 &lt;p&gt;If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 789 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 790 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if &#39;discover-pkginstall -l&#39;
 791 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 792 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 793 reportbug if it isn&#39;t.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 794 such mapping, please let me know.&lt;/p&gt;
 795
 796 &lt;p&gt;This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 797 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 798 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 799 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 800 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 801 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 802 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 803 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 804 not be installed?&lt;/p&gt;
 805
 806 &lt;p&gt;If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 807 please send me an email. :)&lt;/p&gt;
 808 </description>
 809         </item>
 810
 811         <item>
 812                 <title>New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</title>
 813                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html</link>
 814                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html</guid>
 815                 <pubDate>Wed, 2 Jan 2013 15:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
 816                 <description>&lt;p&gt;During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 817 &lt;a href=&quot;http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx&quot;&gt;LEGO Mindstorm
 818 NXT&lt;/a&gt;.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 819 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 820 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 821 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 822 &lt;a href=&quot;irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego&quot;&gt;#debian-lego&lt;/a&gt; (server
 823 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 824 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 825 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)&lt;/p&gt;
 826
 827 &lt;p&gt;Update 2012-01-03: A
 828 &lt;a href=&quot;http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners&quot;&gt;project page&lt;/a&gt;
 829 including links to Lego related packages is now available.&lt;/p&gt;
 830 </description>
 831         </item>
 832
 833         <item>
 834                 <title>Lenker for 2013-01-01</title>
 835                 <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html</link>
 836                 <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html</guid>
 837                 <pubDate>Tue, 1 Jan 2013 09:20:00 +0100</pubDate>
 838                 <description>&lt;p&gt;Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
 839 siste måneden.&lt;/p&gt;
 840
 841 &lt;ul&gt;
 842
 843 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-07
 844   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece&quot;&gt;Myter og
 845   FUD om fri programvare&lt;/a&gt; av min venn Christer Gundersen som
 846   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
 847   Norge de siste månedene.&lt;/li&gt;
 848
 849 &lt;li&gt;BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
 850   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
 851   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
 852   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
 853   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
 854   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
 855   håper protestene brer om seg.
 856
 857   &lt;ul&gt;
 858
 859   &lt;li&gt;2012-12-11 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html&quot;&gt;BankID
 860     blottlegger helseopplysninger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 861
 862   &lt;li&gt;2012-12-07 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027&quot;&gt;-
 863     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 864
 865   &lt;li&gt;2012-12-07
 866     &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/&quot;&gt;Påpeker
 867     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer&lt;/a&gt; er den offisielle
 868     holdningen til de som lager BankID.&lt;/li&gt;
 869
 870   &lt;li&gt;2012-12-08
 871     &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password&quot;&gt;NTNU
 872       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password&lt;/a&gt;
 873
 874   &lt;/ul&gt;
 875
 876 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-11 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html&quot;&gt;Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra&lt;/a&gt;
 877
 878 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-11
 879   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html&quot;&gt;Realfagsdødaren&lt;/a&gt;
 880
 881 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-21
 882   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html&quot;&gt;-
 883   Noen må bli skuffet&lt;/a&gt; - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
 884   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.&lt;/li&gt;
 885
 886 &lt;li&gt;2012-05-03
 887   &lt;a href=&quot;http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585&quot;&gt;
 888   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn&lt;/A&gt; - viser hvor svak
 889   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
 890   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
 891   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.&lt;/li&gt;
 892
 893 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-14
 894   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/&quot;&gt;Å
 895   smøre en forskjell&lt;/a&gt; - om ensomhet og jul.&lt;/li&gt;
 896
 897 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-18
 898   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html&quot;&gt;Én
 899   krise av gangen, takk!&lt;/a&gt;
 900
 901
 902 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-17
 903   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html&quot;&gt;NAV:
 904   Et mangehodet monster&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 905
 906 &lt;li&gt;2011-01-12
 907   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/&quot;&gt;Pasienter
 908   uten vern&lt;/a&gt; - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
 909   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.&lt;/li&gt;
 910
 911
 912 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-19
 913   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html&quot;&gt;Hvorfor
 914   er barnefamilier fattige?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
 915
 916 &lt;li&gt;2012-12-25
 917   &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html&quot;&gt;Den
 918   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge&lt;/a&gt; - kronikk av
 919   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten&lt;/li&gt;
 920
 921 &lt;li&gt;2009-05-04
 922   &lt;a href=&quot;http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint&quot;&gt;Folkebiblioteket
 923   2.0&lt;/a&gt; - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
 924   Olav Torvund.&lt;/li&gt;
 925
 926 &lt;/ul&gt;
 927
 928 &lt;p&gt;Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!&lt;/p&gt;
 929 </description>
 930         </item>
 931
 932         </channel>
 933 </rss>