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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  27 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  28 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  29 it, fetch the
  30 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  31 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  32 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  33 autostart script.</p>
  34
  35 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  36
  37 <ul>
  38
  39 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  40 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  41
  42 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  43 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  44 initially did.</li>
  45
  46 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  47 the APT database, a database
  48 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  49 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  50
  51 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  52 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  53 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  54 package or packages.</li>
  55
  56 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
  57 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
  58
  59 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
  60 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
  61
  62 </ul>
  63
  64 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
  65 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
  66 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
  67 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
  68
  69 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
  70 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
  71 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
  72 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
  73 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
  74
  75 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
  76 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
  77 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
  78 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
  79 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
  80 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
  81 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
  82 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
  83
  84 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
  85 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
  86 '<tt>svn checkout
  87 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
  88 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
  89 devscripts package.</p>
  90 </div>
  91       <div class="tags">
  92
  93
  94         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
  95
  96
  97       </div>
  98     </div>
  99     <div class="padding"></div>
 100
 101     <div class="entry">
 102       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 103       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 104       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 105 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 106 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 107 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 108 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 109 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 110 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 111 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 112 not a durable solution.
 113
 114 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 115 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 116
 117 <ul>
 118
 119 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 120   than A4).</li>
 121 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 122 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 123 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 124 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 125 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 126 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 127 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 128 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 129 size).</li>
 130 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 131   X.org packages.</li>
 132 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 133   the time).
 134
 135 </ul>
 136
 137 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 138 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 139 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 140 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 141 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 142 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 143 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 144 still be useful.</p>
 145
 146 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 147 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 148 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 149 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 150 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 151 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 152 </div>
 153       <div class="tags">
 154
 155
 156         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 157
 158
 159       </div>
 160     </div>
 161     <div class="padding"></div>
 162
 163     <div class="entry">
 164       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 165       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 166       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 167 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 168 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 169 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 170 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 171 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 172 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 173
 174 <pre>
 175 #!/usr/bin/python
 176 import sys
 177 import apt
 178 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 179     cache = apt.Cache()
 180     cache.open(None)
 181     thepkgs = []
 182     for pkg in cache:
 183         version = pkg.candidate
 184         if version is None:
 185             version = pkg.installed
 186         if version is None:
 187             continue
 188         record = version.record
 189         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 190             continue
 191         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 192         for t in mime_types:
 193             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 194             if t == mimetype:
 195                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 196     return thepkgs
 197 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 198 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 199     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 200 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 201 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 202     print "  %s" %pkg
 203 </pre>
 204
 205 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 206
 207 <pre>
 208 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 209 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 210   gecko-mediaplayer
 211 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 212 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 213   browser-plugin-gnash
 214 %
 215 </pre>
 216
 217 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 218 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 219 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 220 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 221
 222 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 223 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 224 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 225 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 226 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 227 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 228 </div>
 229       <div class="tags">
 230
 231
 232         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 233
 234
 235       </div>
 236     </div>
 237     <div class="padding"></div>
 238
 239     <div class="entry">
 240       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 241       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 242       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 243 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 244 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 245 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 246 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 247 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 248 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 249 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 250
 251 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 252 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 253 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 254 can be found on the
 255 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 256 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 257 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 258 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 259 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 260
 261 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 262
 263 <pre>
 264   count MIME type
 265   ----- -----------------------
 266      32 text/plain
 267      30 audio/mpeg
 268      29 image/png
 269      28 image/jpeg
 270      27 application/ogg
 271      26 audio/x-mp3
 272      25 image/tiff
 273      25 image/gif
 274      22 image/bmp
 275      22 audio/x-wav
 276      20 audio/x-flac
 277      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 278      18 video/x-ms-asf
 279      18 audio/x-musepack
 280      18 audio/x-mpeg
 281      18 application/x-ogg
 282      17 video/mpeg
 283      17 audio/x-scpls
 284      17 audio/ogg
 285      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 286 </pre>
 287
 288 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 289
 290 <pre>
 291   count MIME type
 292   ----- -----------------------
 293      33 text/plain
 294      32 image/png
 295      32 image/jpeg
 296      29 audio/mpeg
 297      27 image/gif
 298      26 image/tiff
 299      26 application/ogg
 300      25 audio/x-mp3
 301      22 image/bmp
 302      21 audio/x-wav
 303      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 304      19 audio/x-mpeg
 305      18 video/mpeg
 306      18 audio/x-scpls
 307      18 audio/x-flac
 308      18 application/x-ogg
 309      17 video/x-ms-asf
 310      17 text/html
 311      17 audio/x-musepack
 312      16 image/x-xbitmap
 313 </pre>
 314
 315 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 316
 317 <pre>
 318   count MIME type
 319   ----- -----------------------
 320      31 text/plain
 321      31 image/png
 322      31 image/jpeg
 323      29 audio/mpeg
 324      28 application/ogg
 325      27 image/gif
 326      26 image/tiff
 327      26 audio/x-mp3
 328      23 audio/x-wav
 329      22 image/bmp
 330      21 audio/x-flac
 331      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 332      19 audio/x-mpeg
 333      18 video/x-ms-asf
 334      18 video/mpeg
 335      18 audio/x-scpls
 336      18 application/x-ogg
 337      17 audio/x-musepack
 338      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 339      16 video/x-msvideo
 340 </pre>
 341
 342 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 343 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 344 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 345 issues.</p>
 346
 347 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 348 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 349 </div>
 350       <div class="tags">
 351
 352
 353         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 354
 355
 356       </div>
 357     </div>
 358     <div class="padding"></div>
 359
 360     <div class="entry">
 361       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 362       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 363       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 364 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 365 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 366 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 367 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 368 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 369 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 370 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 371 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 372 packages.</p>
 373
 374 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 375 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 376 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 377 modalias.</p>
 378
 379 <p><blockquote>
 380 Package: package-name
 381 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 382 </blockquote></p>
 383
 384 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 385 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 386
 387 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 388 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 389
 390 <p><blockquote>
 391 Package: cheese
 392 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 393 </blockquote></p>
 394
 395 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 396 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 397
 398 <p><blockquote>
 399 Package: pcmciautils
 400 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 401 </blockquote></p>
 402
 403 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 404 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 405
 406 <p><blockquote>
 407 Package: colorhug-client
 408 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 409 </blockquote></p>
 410
 411 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 412 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 413 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 414
 415 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 416 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 417 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 418 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 419 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 420 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 421 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 422 Raring.</p>
 423
 424 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 425 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 426 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 427 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 428 try the
 429 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 430 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 431 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 432 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 433
 434 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 435 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 436
 437 <p><blockquote>
 438 % ./hw-support-lookup
 439 <br>yubikey-personalization
 440 <br>%
 441 </blockquote></p>
 442
 443 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 444 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 445
 446 <p><blockquote>
 447 % ./hw-support-lookup
 448 <br>pcmciautils
 449 <br>%
 450 </blockquote></p>
 451
 452 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 453 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 454 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 455
 456 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 457 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 458 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 459 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 460 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 461 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 462 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 463 see if it work.</p>
 464
 465 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 466 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 467 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 468 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 469 </div>
 470       <div class="tags">
 471
 472
 473         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 474
 475
 476       </div>
 477     </div>
 478     <div class="padding"></div>
 479
 480     <div class="entry">
 481       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 482       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 483       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 484 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 485 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 486 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 487 in
 488 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 489 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 490
 491 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 492
 493 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 494 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 495 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 496 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 497 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 498 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 499
 500 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 501 this shell script:</p>
 502
 503 <pre>
 504 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 505 </pre>
 506
 507 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 508 using modinfo:</p>
 509
 510 <pre>
 511 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 512 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 513 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 514 %
 515 </pre>
 516
 517 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 518
 519 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 520 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 521
 522 <p><blockquote>
 523 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 524 </blockquote></p>
 525
 526 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 527
 528 <pre>
 529  v   00008086  (vendor)
 530  d   00002770  (device)
 531  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 532  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 533  bc  06        (bus class)
 534  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 535  i   00        (interface)
 536 </pre>
 537
 538 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 539 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 540 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 541 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 542
 543 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 544 means.</p>
 545
 546 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 547
 548 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 549 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 550
 551 <p><blockquote>
 552 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 553 </blockquote></p>
 554
 555 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 556
 557 <pre>
 558  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 559  p    0001  (device product)
 560  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 561  dc     09  (device class)
 562  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 563  dp     00  (device protocol)
 564  ic     09  (interface class)
 565  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 566  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 567 </pre>
 568
 569 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 570 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 571 these alias entries show up:</p>
 572
 573 <p><blockquote>
 574 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 575 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 576 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 577 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 578 </blockquote></p>
 579
 580 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 581 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 582 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 583
 584 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 585
 586 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 587 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 588
 589 <p><blockquote>
 590 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 591 </blockquote></p>
 592
 593 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 594
 595 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 596
 597 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 598 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 599 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 600
 601 <p><blockquote>
 602 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 603 </blockquote></p>
 604
 605 <p>The values present are</p>
 606
 607 <pre>
 608  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 609  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 610  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 611  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 612  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 613  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 614  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 615  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 616  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 617  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 618  ct   10             (chassis type)
 619  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 620 </pre>
 621
 622 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 623 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 624
 625 <pre>
 626   3 Desktop
 627   4 Low Profile Desktop
 628   5 Pizza Box
 629   6 Mini Tower
 630   7 Tower
 631   8 Portable
 632   9 Laptop
 633  10 Notebook
 634  11 Hand Held
 635  12 Docking Station
 636  13 All In One
 637  14 Sub Notebook
 638  15 Space-saving
 639  16 Lunch Box
 640  17 Main Server Chassis
 641  18 Expansion Chassis
 642  19 Sub Chassis
 643  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 644  21 Peripheral Chassis
 645  22 RAID Chassis
 646  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 647  24 Sealed-case PC
 648  25 Multi-system
 649  26 CompactPCI
 650  27 AdvancedTCA
 651  28 Blade
 652  29 Blade Enclosing
 653 </pre>
 654
 655 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 656 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 657 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 658
 659 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 660
 661 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 662 test machine:</p>
 663
 664 <p><blockquote>
 665 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 666 </blockquote></p>
 667
 668 <p>The values present are</p>
 669
 670 <pre>
 671   ty  01  (type)
 672   pr  00  (prototype)
 673   id  00  (id)
 674   ex  00  (extra)
 675 </pre>
 676
 677 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 678 the valid values are.</p>
 679
 680 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 681
 682 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 683 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 684 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 685 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 686 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 687 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 688 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 689
 690 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 691
 692 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 693 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 694
 695 <pre>
 696   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 697     echo "$id" ; \
 698     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 699   done
 700 </pre>
 701
 702 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 703 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 704
 705 <pre>
 706   acpi:ACPI0003:
 707     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 708   acpi:device:
 709   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 710   acpi:IBM0068:
 711     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 712     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 713     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 714     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 715   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 716     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 717     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 718     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 719   [...]
 720 </pre>
 721
 722 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 723 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 724 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 725 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 726
 727 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 728 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 729 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 730 </div>
 731       <div class="tags">
 732
 733
 734         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 735
 736
 737       </div>
 738     </div>
 739     <div class="padding"></div>
 740
 741     <div class="entry">
 742       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 743       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 744       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 745 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 746 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 747 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 748 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 749 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 750 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 751 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 752 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 753 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 754 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 755 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 756 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 757 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 758 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 759 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 760 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 761 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 762 </div>
 763       <div class="tags">
 764
 765
 766         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 767
 768
 769       </div>
 770     </div>
 771     <div class="padding"></div>
 772
 773     <div class="entry">
 774       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 775       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 776       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 777 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 778 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 779 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 780 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 781 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 782 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 783 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 784 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 785 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 786 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 787
 788 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 789 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 790 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 791 simple:
 792
 793 <ul>
 794
 795 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 796   starting when a user log in.</li>
 797
 798 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 799   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 800
 801 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 802   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 803   packages.</li>
 804
 805 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 806   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 807
 808 </ul>
 809
 810 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 811 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 812 discover database to find packages and
 813 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 814 packages.</p>
 815
 816 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 817 draft package is now checked into
 818 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 819 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 820 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 821 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 822 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 823 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 824 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 825 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 826 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 827 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 828 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 829 because of the freeze).</p>
 830
 831 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 832 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 833 inserted):</p>
 834
 835 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 836
 837 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 838 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 839 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 840
 841 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 842 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 843 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 844 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 845 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 846 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 847 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 848
 849 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 850 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 851 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 852 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 853 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 854 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 855 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 856 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 857 not be installed?</p>
 858
 859 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 860 please send me an email. :)</p>
 861 </div>
 862       <div class="tags">
 863
 864
 865         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 866
 867
 868       </div>
 869     </div>
 870     <div class="padding"></div>
 871
 872     <div class="entry">
 873       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 874       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 875       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 876 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 877 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 878 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 879 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 880 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 881 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 882 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 883 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 884 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 885
 886 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 887 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 888 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 889 </div>
 890       <div class="tags">
 891
 892
 893         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 894
 895
 896       </div>
 897     </div>
 898     <div class="padding"></div>
 899
 900     <div class="entry">
 901       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a></div>
 902       <div class="date"> 1st January 2013</div>
 903       <div class="body"><p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
 904 siste måneden.</p>
 905
 906 <ul>
 907
 908 <li>2012-12-07
 909   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
 910   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
 911   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
 912   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
 913
 914 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
 915   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
 916   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
 917   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
 918   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
 919   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
 920   håper protestene brer om seg.
 921
 922   <ul>
 923
 924   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
 925     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
 926
 927   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
 928     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
 929
 930   <li>2012-12-07
 931     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
 932     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
 933     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
 934
 935   <li>2012-12-08
 936     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
 937       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
 938
 939   </ul>
 940
 941 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
 942
 943 <li>2012-12-11
 944   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
 945
 946 <li>2012-12-21
 947   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
 948   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
 949   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
 950
 951 <li>2012-05-03
 952   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
 953   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
 954   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
 955   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
 956   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
 957
 958 <li>2012-12-14
 959   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
 960   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
 961
 962 <li>2012-12-18
 963   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
 964   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
 965
 966
 967 <li>2012-12-17
 968   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
 969   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
 970
 971 <li>2011-01-12
 972   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
 973   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
 974   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
 975
 976
 977 <li>2012-12-19
 978   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
 979   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
 980
 981 <li>2012-12-25
 982   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
 983   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
 984   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
 985
 986 <li>2009-05-04
 987   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
 988   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
 989   Olav Torvund.</li>
 990
 991 </ul>
 992
 993 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
 994 </div>
 995       <div class="tags">
 996
 997
 998         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
 999
1000
1001       </div>
1002     </div>
1003     <div class="padding"></div>
1004
1005     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1006     <div id="sidebar">
1007
1008
1009
1010 <h2>Archive</h2>
1011 <ul>
1012
1013 <li>2013
1014 <ul>
1015
1016 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (10)</a></li>
1017
1018 </ul></li>
1019
1020 <li>2012
1021 <ul>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1046
1047 </ul></li>
1048
1049 <li>2011
1050 <ul>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1067
1068 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1069
1070 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1071
1072 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1073
1074 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1075
1076 </ul></li>
1077
1078 <li>2010
1079 <ul>
1080
1081 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1082
1083 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1084
1085 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1086
1087 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1096
1097 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1098
1099 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1100
1101 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1102
1103 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1104
1105 </ul></li>
1106
1107 <li>2009
1108 <ul>
1109
1110 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1111
1112 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1113
1114 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1115
1116 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1117
1118 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1119
1120 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1121
1122 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1123
1124 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1125
1126 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1127
1128 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1129
1130 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1131
1132 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1133
1134 </ul></li>
1135
1136 <li>2008
1137 <ul>
1138
1139 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1140
1141 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1142
1143 </ul></li>
1144
1145 </ul>
1146
1147
1148
1149 <h2>Tags</h2>
1150 <ul>
1151
1152  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (68)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1169
1170  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1171
1172  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1173
1174  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1175
1176  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (174)</a></li>
1177
1178  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1179
1180  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1181
1182  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1183
1184  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1185
1186  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1187
1188  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1189
1190  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1191
1192  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1193
1194  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1195
1196  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1197
1198  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1199
1200  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1201
1202  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1203
1204  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1205
1206  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1207
1208  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1209
1210  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1211
1212  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1213
1214  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1215
1216  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1217
1218  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1219
1220  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1221
1222  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1223
1224  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1225
1226  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1227
1228  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1229
1230  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1231
1232  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1233
1234  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1235
1236  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1237
1238  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1239
1240  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1241
1242  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1243
1244  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1245
1246  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1247
1248 </ul>
1249
1250
1251     </div>
1252     <p style="text-align: right">
1253  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1254 </p>
1255
1256   </body>
1257 </html>