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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  27 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  28 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  30 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  31 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  32 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  33 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  34 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  35 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  36 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  37 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  38 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  42 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
  43 </pre>
  44
  45 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  46 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  47 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  48 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  49
  50 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  51 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  52 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  53 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  54 word.</p>
  55
  56 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
  57 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
  58 process.</p>
  59 </div>
  60       <div class="tags">
  61
  62
  63         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  64
  65
  66       </div>
  67     </div>
  68     <div class="padding"></div>
  69
  70     <div class="entry">
  71       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  72       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  73       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  74 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  75 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  76 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  77 it, fetch the
  78 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  79 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  80 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  81 autostart script.</p>
  82
  83 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  84
  85 <ul>
  86
  87 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  88 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  89
  90 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  91 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  92 initially did.</li>
  93
  94 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  95 the APT database, a database
  96 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  97 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  98
  99 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 100 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 101 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 102 package or packages.</li>
 103
 104 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 105 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 106
 107 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 108 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 109
 110 </ul>
 111
 112 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 113 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 114 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 115 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 116
 117 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 118 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 119 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 120 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 121 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 122
 123 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 124 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 125 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 126 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 127 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 128 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 129 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 130 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 131
 132 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 133 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 134 '<tt>svn checkout
 135 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 136 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 137 devscripts package.</p>
 138
 139 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 140 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 141 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 142 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 143 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 144 </div>
 145       <div class="tags">
 146
 147
 148         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 149
 150
 151       </div>
 152     </div>
 153     <div class="padding"></div>
 154
 155     <div class="entry">
 156       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 157       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 158       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 159 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 160 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 161 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 162 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 163 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 164 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 165 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 166 not a durable solution.
 167
 168 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 169 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 170
 171 <ul>
 172
 173 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 174   than A4).</li>
 175 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 176 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 177 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 178 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 179 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 180 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 181 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 182 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 183 size).</li>
 184 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 185   X.org packages.</li>
 186 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 187   the time).
 188
 189 </ul>
 190
 191 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 192 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 193 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 194 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 195 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 196 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 197 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 198 still be useful.</p>
 199
 200 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 201 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 202 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 203 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 204 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 205 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 206 </div>
 207       <div class="tags">
 208
 209
 210         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 211
 212
 213       </div>
 214     </div>
 215     <div class="padding"></div>
 216
 217     <div class="entry">
 218       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 219       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 220       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 221 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 222 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 223 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 224 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 225 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 226 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 227
 228 <pre>
 229 #!/usr/bin/python
 230 import sys
 231 import apt
 232 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 233     cache = apt.Cache()
 234     cache.open(None)
 235     thepkgs = []
 236     for pkg in cache:
 237         version = pkg.candidate
 238         if version is None:
 239             version = pkg.installed
 240         if version is None:
 241             continue
 242         record = version.record
 243         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 244             continue
 245         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 246         for t in mime_types:
 247             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 248             if t == mimetype:
 249                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 250     return thepkgs
 251 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 252 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 253     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 254 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 255 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 256     print "  %s" %pkg
 257 </pre>
 258
 259 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 260
 261 <pre>
 262 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 263 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 264   gecko-mediaplayer
 265 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 266 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 267   browser-plugin-gnash
 268 %
 269 </pre>
 270
 271 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 272 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 273 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 274 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 275
 276 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 277 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 278 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 279 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 280 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 281 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 282 </div>
 283       <div class="tags">
 284
 285
 286         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 287
 288
 289       </div>
 290     </div>
 291     <div class="padding"></div>
 292
 293     <div class="entry">
 294       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 295       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 296       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 297 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 298 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 299 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 300 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 301 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 302 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 303 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 304
 305 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 306 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 307 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 308 can be found on the
 309 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 310 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 311 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 312 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 313 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 314
 315 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 316
 317 <pre>
 318   count MIME type
 319   ----- -----------------------
 320      32 text/plain
 321      30 audio/mpeg
 322      29 image/png
 323      28 image/jpeg
 324      27 application/ogg
 325      26 audio/x-mp3
 326      25 image/tiff
 327      25 image/gif
 328      22 image/bmp
 329      22 audio/x-wav
 330      20 audio/x-flac
 331      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 332      18 video/x-ms-asf
 333      18 audio/x-musepack
 334      18 audio/x-mpeg
 335      18 application/x-ogg
 336      17 video/mpeg
 337      17 audio/x-scpls
 338      17 audio/ogg
 339      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 340 </pre>
 341
 342 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 343
 344 <pre>
 345   count MIME type
 346   ----- -----------------------
 347      33 text/plain
 348      32 image/png
 349      32 image/jpeg
 350      29 audio/mpeg
 351      27 image/gif
 352      26 image/tiff
 353      26 application/ogg
 354      25 audio/x-mp3
 355      22 image/bmp
 356      21 audio/x-wav
 357      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 358      19 audio/x-mpeg
 359      18 video/mpeg
 360      18 audio/x-scpls
 361      18 audio/x-flac
 362      18 application/x-ogg
 363      17 video/x-ms-asf
 364      17 text/html
 365      17 audio/x-musepack
 366      16 image/x-xbitmap
 367 </pre>
 368
 369 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 370
 371 <pre>
 372   count MIME type
 373   ----- -----------------------
 374      31 text/plain
 375      31 image/png
 376      31 image/jpeg
 377      29 audio/mpeg
 378      28 application/ogg
 379      27 image/gif
 380      26 image/tiff
 381      26 audio/x-mp3
 382      23 audio/x-wav
 383      22 image/bmp
 384      21 audio/x-flac
 385      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 386      19 audio/x-mpeg
 387      18 video/x-ms-asf
 388      18 video/mpeg
 389      18 audio/x-scpls
 390      18 application/x-ogg
 391      17 audio/x-musepack
 392      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 393      16 video/x-msvideo
 394 </pre>
 395
 396 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 397 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 398 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 399 issues.</p>
 400
 401 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 402 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 403 </div>
 404       <div class="tags">
 405
 406
 407         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 408
 409
 410       </div>
 411     </div>
 412     <div class="padding"></div>
 413
 414     <div class="entry">
 415       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 416       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 417       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 418 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 419 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 420 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 421 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 422 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 423 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 424 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 425 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 426 packages.</p>
 427
 428 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 429 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 430 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 431 modalias.</p>
 432
 433 <p><blockquote>
 434 Package: package-name
 435 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 436 </blockquote></p>
 437
 438 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 439 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 440
 441 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 442 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 443
 444 <p><blockquote>
 445 Package: cheese
 446 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 447 </blockquote></p>
 448
 449 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 450 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 451
 452 <p><blockquote>
 453 Package: pcmciautils
 454 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 455 </blockquote></p>
 456
 457 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 458 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 459
 460 <p><blockquote>
 461 Package: colorhug-client
 462 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 463 </blockquote></p>
 464
 465 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 466 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 467 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 468
 469 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 470 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 471 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 472 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 473 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 474 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 475 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 476 Raring.</p>
 477
 478 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 479 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 480 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 481 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 482 try the
 483 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 484 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 485 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 486 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 487
 488 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 489 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 490
 491 <p><blockquote>
 492 % ./hw-support-lookup
 493 <br>yubikey-personalization
 494 <br>%
 495 </blockquote></p>
 496
 497 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 498 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 499
 500 <p><blockquote>
 501 % ./hw-support-lookup
 502 <br>pcmciautils
 503 <br>%
 504 </blockquote></p>
 505
 506 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 507 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 508 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 509
 510 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 511 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 512 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 513 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 514 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 515 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 516 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 517 see if it work.</p>
 518
 519 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 520 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 521 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 522 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 523 </div>
 524       <div class="tags">
 525
 526
 527         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 528
 529
 530       </div>
 531     </div>
 532     <div class="padding"></div>
 533
 534     <div class="entry">
 535       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 536       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 537       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 538 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 539 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 540 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 541 in
 542 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 543 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 544
 545 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 546
 547 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 548 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 549 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 550 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 551 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 552 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 553
 554 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 555 this shell script:</p>
 556
 557 <pre>
 558 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 559 </pre>
 560
 561 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 562 using modinfo:</p>
 563
 564 <pre>
 565 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 566 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 567 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 568 %
 569 </pre>
 570
 571 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 572
 573 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 574 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 575
 576 <p><blockquote>
 577 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 578 </blockquote></p>
 579
 580 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 581
 582 <pre>
 583  v   00008086  (vendor)
 584  d   00002770  (device)
 585  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 586  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 587  bc  06        (bus class)
 588  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 589  i   00        (interface)
 590 </pre>
 591
 592 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 593 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 594 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 595 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 596
 597 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 598 means.</p>
 599
 600 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 601
 602 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 603 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 604
 605 <p><blockquote>
 606 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 607 </blockquote></p>
 608
 609 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 610
 611 <pre>
 612  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 613  p    0001  (device product)
 614  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 615  dc     09  (device class)
 616  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 617  dp     00  (device protocol)
 618  ic     09  (interface class)
 619  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 620  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 621 </pre>
 622
 623 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 624 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 625 these alias entries show up:</p>
 626
 627 <p><blockquote>
 628 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 629 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 630 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 631 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 632 </blockquote></p>
 633
 634 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 635 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 636 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 637
 638 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 639
 640 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 641 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 642
 643 <p><blockquote>
 644 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 645 </blockquote></p>
 646
 647 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 648
 649 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 650
 651 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 652 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 653 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 654
 655 <p><blockquote>
 656 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 657 </blockquote></p>
 658
 659 <p>The values present are</p>
 660
 661 <pre>
 662  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 663  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 664  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 665  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 666  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 667  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 668  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 669  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 670  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 671  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 672  ct   10             (chassis type)
 673  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 674 </pre>
 675
 676 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 677 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 678
 679 <pre>
 680   3 Desktop
 681   4 Low Profile Desktop
 682   5 Pizza Box
 683   6 Mini Tower
 684   7 Tower
 685   8 Portable
 686   9 Laptop
 687  10 Notebook
 688  11 Hand Held
 689  12 Docking Station
 690  13 All In One
 691  14 Sub Notebook
 692  15 Space-saving
 693  16 Lunch Box
 694  17 Main Server Chassis
 695  18 Expansion Chassis
 696  19 Sub Chassis
 697  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 698  21 Peripheral Chassis
 699  22 RAID Chassis
 700  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 701  24 Sealed-case PC
 702  25 Multi-system
 703  26 CompactPCI
 704  27 AdvancedTCA
 705  28 Blade
 706  29 Blade Enclosing
 707 </pre>
 708
 709 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 710 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 711 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 712
 713 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 714
 715 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 716 test machine:</p>
 717
 718 <p><blockquote>
 719 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 720 </blockquote></p>
 721
 722 <p>The values present are</p>
 723
 724 <pre>
 725   ty  01  (type)
 726   pr  00  (prototype)
 727   id  00  (id)
 728   ex  00  (extra)
 729 </pre>
 730
 731 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 732 the valid values are.</p>
 733
 734 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 735
 736 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 737 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 738 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 739 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 740 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 741 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 742 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 743
 744 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 745
 746 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 747 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 748
 749 <pre>
 750   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 751     echo "$id" ; \
 752     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 753   done
 754 </pre>
 755
 756 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 757 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 758
 759 <pre>
 760   acpi:ACPI0003:
 761     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 762   acpi:device:
 763   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 764   acpi:IBM0068:
 765     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 766     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 767     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 768     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 769   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 770     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 771     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 772     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 773   [...]
 774 </pre>
 775
 776 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 777 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 778 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 779 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 780
 781 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 782 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 783 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 784 </div>
 785       <div class="tags">
 786
 787
 788         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 789
 790
 791       </div>
 792     </div>
 793     <div class="padding"></div>
 794
 795     <div class="entry">
 796       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 797       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 798       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 799 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 800 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 801 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 802 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 803 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 804 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 805 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 806 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 807 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 808 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 809 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 810 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 811 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 812 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 813 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 814 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 815 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 816 </div>
 817       <div class="tags">
 818
 819
 820         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 821
 822
 823       </div>
 824     </div>
 825     <div class="padding"></div>
 826
 827     <div class="entry">
 828       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 829       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 830       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 831 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 832 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 833 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 834 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 835 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 836 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 837 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 838 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 839 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 840 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 841
 842 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 843 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 844 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 845 simple:
 846
 847 <ul>
 848
 849 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 850   starting when a user log in.</li>
 851
 852 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 853   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 854
 855 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 856   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 857   packages.</li>
 858
 859 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 860   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 861
 862 </ul>
 863
 864 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 865 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 866 discover database to find packages and
 867 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 868 packages.</p>
 869
 870 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 871 draft package is now checked into
 872 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 873 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 874 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 875 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 876 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 877 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 878 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 879 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 880 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 881 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 882 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 883 because of the freeze).</p>
 884
 885 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 886 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 887 inserted):</p>
 888
 889 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 890
 891 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 892 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 893 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 894
 895 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 896 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 897 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 898 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 899 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 900 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 901 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 902
 903 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 904 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 905 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 906 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 907 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 908 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 909 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 910 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 911 not be installed?</p>
 912
 913 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 914 please send me an email. :)</p>
 915 </div>
 916       <div class="tags">
 917
 918
 919         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 920
 921
 922       </div>
 923     </div>
 924     <div class="padding"></div>
 925
 926     <div class="entry">
 927       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 928       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 929       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 930 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 931 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 932 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 933 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 934 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 935 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 936 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 937 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 938 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 939
 940 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 941 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 942 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 943 </div>
 944       <div class="tags">
 945
 946
 947         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 948
 949
 950       </div>
 951     </div>
 952     <div class="padding"></div>
 953
 954     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 955     <div id="sidebar">
 956
 957
 958
 959 <h2>Archive</h2>
 960 <ul>
 961
 962 <li>2013
 963 <ul>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 966
 967 </ul></li>
 968
 969 <li>2012
 970 <ul>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 995
 996 </ul></li>
 997
 998 <li>2011
 999 <ul>
1000
1001 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1002
1003 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1024
1025 </ul></li>
1026
1027 <li>2010
1028 <ul>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1053
1054 </ul></li>
1055
1056 <li>2009
1057 <ul>
1058
1059 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1060
1061 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1062
1063 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1064
1065 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1066
1067 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1068
1069 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1072
1073 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1076
1077 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1078
1079 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1080
1081 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1082
1083 </ul></li>
1084
1085 <li>2008
1086 <ul>
1087
1088 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1089
1090 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1091
1092 </ul></li>
1093
1094 </ul>
1095
1096
1097
1098 <h2>Tags</h2>
1099 <ul>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1198
1199 </ul>
1200
1201
1202     </div>
1203     <p style="text-align: right">
1204  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1205 </p>
1206
1207   </body>
1208 </html>