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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Legal_to_share_more_than_11_000_movies_listed_on_IMDB_.html">Legal to share more than 11,000 movies listed on IMDB?</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 7th January 2018</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>I've continued to track down list of movies that are legal to
  26 distribute on the Internet, and identified more than 11,000 title IDs
  27 in The Internet Movie Database (IMDB) so far.  Most of them (57%) are
  28 feature films from USA published before 1923.  I've also tracked down
  29 more than 24,000 movies I have not yet been able to map to IMDB title
  30 ID, so the real number could be a lot higher.  According to the front
  31 web page for <a href="https://retrofilmvault.com/">Retro Film
  32 Vault</A>, there are 44,000 public domain films, so I guess there are
  33 still some left to identify.</p>
  34
  35 <p>The complete data set is available from
  36 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
  37 public git repository</a>, including the scripts used to create it.
  38 Most of the data is collected using web scraping, for example from the
  39 "product catalog" of companies selling copies of public domain movies,
  40 but any source I find believable is used.  I've so far had to throw
  41 out three sources because I did not trust the public domain status of
  42 the movies listed.</p>
  43
  44 <p>Anyway, this is the summary of the 28 collected data sources so
  45 far:</p>
  46
  47 <p><pre>
  48  2352 entries (   66 unique) with and 15983 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-search.json
  49  2302 entries (  120 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json
  50   195 entries (   63 unique) with and   200 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-cinemovies.json
  51    89 entries (   52 unique) with and    38 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-creative-commons.json
  52   344 entries (   28 unique) with and   655 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-fesfilm.json
  53   668 entries (  209 unique) with and  1064 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-filmchest-com.json
  54   830 entries (   21 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-icheckmovies-archive-mochard.json
  55    19 entries (   19 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-c-expired-gb.json
  56  6822 entries ( 6669 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-c-expired-us.json
  57   137 entries (    0 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-externlist.json
  58  1205 entries (   57 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-pd.json
  59    84 entries (   20 unique) with and   167 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-infodigi-pd.json
  60   158 entries (  135 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-looney-tunes.json
  61   113 entries (    4 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-pd.json
  62   182 entries (  100 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-silent.json
  63   229 entries (   87 unique) with and     1 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-manual.json
  64    44 entries (    2 unique) with and    64 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-openflix.json
  65   291 entries (   33 unique) with and   474 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-profilms-pd.json
  66   211 entries (    7 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies-info.json
  67  1232 entries (   57 unique) with and  1875 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies-net.json
  68    46 entries (   13 unique) with and    81 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainreview.json
  69   698 entries (   64 unique) with and   118 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomaintorrents.json
  70  1758 entries (  882 unique) with and  3786 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-retrofilmvault.json
  71    16 entries (    0 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-thehillproductions.json
  72    63 entries (   16 unique) with and   141 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-vodo.json
  73 11583 unique IMDB title IDs in total, 8724 only in one list, 24647 without IMDB title ID
  74 </pre></p>
  75
  76 <p> I keep finding more data sources.  I found the cinemovies source
  77 just a few days ago, and as you can see from the summary, it extended
  78 my list with 63 movies.  Check out the mklist-* scripts in the git
  79 repository if you are curious how the lists are created.  Many of the
  80 titles are extracted using searches on IMDB, where I look for the
  81 title and year, and accept search results with only one movie listed
  82 if the year matches.  This allow me to automatically use many lists of
  83 movies without IMDB title ID references at the cost of increasing the
  84 risk of wrongly identify a IMDB title ID as public domain.  So far my
  85 random manual checks have indicated that the method is solid, but I
  86 really wish all lists of public domain movies would include unique
  87 movie identifier like the IMDB title ID.  It would make the job of
  88 counting movies in the public domain a lot easier.</p>
  89
  90 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  91 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  92 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  93 </div>
  94       <div class="tags">
  95
  96
  97         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
  98
  99
 100       </div>
 101     </div>
 102     <div class="padding"></div>
 103
 104     <div class="entry">
 105       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Kommentarer_til__Evaluation_of__il_legality__for_Popcorn_Time.html">Kommentarer til «Evaluation of (il)legality» for Popcorn Time</a></div>
 106       <div class="date">20th December 2017</div>
 107       <div class="body"><p>I går var jeg i Follo tingrett som sakkyndig vitne og presenterte
 108   mine undersøkelser rundt
 109   <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">telling
 110     av filmverk i det fri</a>, relatert til
 111   <a href="https://www.nuug.no/">foreningen NUUG</a>s involvering i
 112   <a href="https://www.nuug.no/news/tags/dns-domenebeslag/">saken om
 113   Økokrims beslag og senere inndragning av DNS-domenet
 114   popcorn-time.no</a>.  Jeg snakket om flere ting, men mest om min
 115   vurdering av hvordan filmbransjen har målt hvor ulovlig Popcorn Time
 116   er.  Filmbransjens måling er så vidt jeg kan se videreformidlet uten
 117   endringer av norsk politi, og domstolene har lagt målingen til grunn
 118   når de har vurdert Popcorn Time både i Norge og i utlandet (tallet
 119   99% er referert også i utenlandske domsavgjørelser).</p>
 120
 121 <p>I forkant av mitt vitnemål skrev jeg et notat, mest til meg selv,
 122   med de punktene jeg ønsket å få frem.  Her er en kopi av notatet jeg
 123   skrev og ga til aktoratet.  Merkelig nok ville ikke dommerene ha
 124   notatet, så hvis jeg forsto rettsprosessen riktig ble kun
 125   histogram-grafen lagt inn i dokumentasjonen i saken.  Dommerne var
 126   visst bare interessert i å forholde seg til det jeg sa i retten,
 127   ikke det jeg hadde skrevet i forkant.  Uansett så antar jeg at flere
 128   enn meg kan ha glede av teksten, og publiserer den derfor her.
 129   Legger ved avskrift av dokument 09,13, som er det sentrale
 130   dokumentet jeg kommenterer.</p>
 131
 132 <p><strong>Kommentarer til «Evaluation of (il)legality» for Popcorn
 133   Time</strong></p>
 134
 135 <p><strong>Oppsummering</strong></p>
 136
 137 <p>Målemetoden som Økokrim har lagt til grunn når de påstår at 99% av
 138   filmene tilgjengelig fra Popcorn Time deles ulovlig har
 139   svakheter.</p>
 140
 141 <p>De eller den som har vurdert hvorvidt filmer kan lovlig deles har
 142   ikke lyktes med å identifisere filmer som kan deles lovlig og har
 143   tilsynelatende antatt at kun veldig gamle filmer kan deles lovlig.
 144   Økokrim legger til grunn at det bare finnes èn film, Charlie
 145   Chaplin-filmen «The Circus» fra 1928, som kan deles fritt blant de
 146   som ble observert tilgjengelig via ulike Popcorn Time-varianter.
 147   Jeg finner tre flere blant de observerte filmene: «The Brain That
 148   Wouldn't Die» fra 1962, «God’s Little Acre» fra 1958 og «She Wore a
 149   Yellow Ribbon» fra 1949.  Det er godt mulig det finnes flere.  Det
 150   finnes dermed minst fire ganger så mange filmer som lovlig kan deles
 151   på Internett i datasettet Økokrim har lagt til grunn når det påstås
 152   at mindre enn 1 % kan deles lovlig.</p>
 153
 154 <p>Dernest, utplukket som gjøres ved søk på tilfeldige ord hentet fra
 155   ordlisten til Dale-Chall avviker fra årsfordelingen til de brukte
 156   filmkatalogene som helhet, hvilket påvirker fordelingen mellom
 157   filmer som kan lovlig deles og filmer som ikke kan lovlig deles.  I
 158   tillegg gir valg av øvre del (de fem første) av søkeresultatene et
 159   avvik fra riktig årsfordeling, hvilket påvirker fordelingen av verk
 160   i det fri i søkeresultatet.</p>
 161
 162 <p>Det som måles er ikke (u)lovligheten knyttet til bruken av Popcorn
 163   Time, men (u)lovligheten til innholdet i bittorrent-filmkataloger
 164   som vedlikeholdes uavhengig av Popcorn Time.</p>
 165
 166 <p>Omtalte dokumenter: 09,12, <a href="#dok-09-13">09,13</a>, 09,14,
 167 09,18, 09,19, 09,20.</p>
 168
 169 <p><strong>Utfyllende kommentarer</strong></p>
 170
 171 <p>Økokrim har forklart domstolene at minst 99% av alt som er
 172   tilgjengelig fra ulike Popcorn Time-varianter deles ulovlig på
 173   Internet.  Jeg ble nysgjerrig på hvordan de er kommet frem til dette
 174   tallet, og dette notatet er en samling kommentarer rundt målingen
 175   Økokrim henviser til.  Litt av bakgrunnen for at jeg valgte å se på
 176   saken er at jeg er interessert i å identifisere og telle hvor mange
 177   kunstneriske verk som er falt i det fri eller av andre grunner kan
 178   lovlig deles på Internett, og dermed var interessert i hvordan en
 179   hadde funnet den ene prosenten som kanskje deles lovlig.</p>
 180
 181 <p>Andelen på 99% kommer fra et ukreditert og udatert notatet som tar
 182   mål av seg å dokumentere en metode for å måle hvor (u)lovlig ulike
 183   Popcorn Time-varianter er.</p>
 184
 185 <p>Raskt oppsummert, så forteller metodedokumentet at på grunn av at
 186   det ikke er mulig å få tak i komplett liste over alle filmtitler
 187   tilgjengelig via Popcorn Time, så lages noe som skal være et
 188   representativt utvalg ved å velge 50 søkeord større enn tre tegn fra
 189   ordlisten kjent som Dale-Chall.  For hvert søkeord gjøres et søk og
 190   de første fem filmene i søkeresultatet samles inn inntil 100 unike
 191   filmtitler er funnet.  Hvis 50 søkeord ikke var tilstrekkelig for å
 192   nå 100 unike filmtitler ble flere filmer fra hvert søkeresultat lagt
 193   til.  Hvis dette heller ikke var tilstrekkelig, så ble det hentet ut
 194   og søkt på flere tilfeldig valgte søkeord inntil 100 unike
 195   filmtitler var identifisert.</p>
 196
 197 <p>Deretter ble for hver av filmtitlene «vurdert hvorvidt det var
 198   rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright, ved å se på
 199   om filmen var tilgjengelig i IMDB, samt se på regissør,
 200   utgivelsesår, når det var utgitt for bestemte markedsområder samt
 201   hvilke produksjons- og distribusjonsselskap som var registrert» (min
 202   oversettelse).</p>
 203
 204 <p>Metoden er gjengitt både i de ukrediterte dokumentene 09,13 og
 205   09,19, samt beskrevet fra side 47 i dokument 09,20, lysark datert
 206   2017-02-01.  Sistnevnte er kreditert Geerart Bourlon fra Motion
 207   Picture Association EMEA.  Metoden virker å ha flere svakheter som
 208   gir resultatene en slagside.  Den starter med å slå fast at det ikke
 209   er mulig å hente ut en komplett liste over alle filmtitler som er
 210   tilgjengelig, og at dette er bakgrunnen for metodevalget.  Denne
 211   forutsetningen er ikke i tråd med det som står i dokument 09,12, som
 212   ikke heller har oppgitt forfatter og dato.  Dokument 09,12 forteller
 213   hvordan hele kataloginnholdet ble lasted ned og talt opp.  Dokument
 214   09,12 er muligens samme rapport som ble referert til i dom fra Oslo
 215   Tingrett 2017-11-03
 216   (<a href="https://www.domstol.no/no/Enkelt-domstol/Oslo--tingrett/Nyheter/ma-sperre-for-popcorn-time/">sak
 217   17-093347TVI-OTIR/05</a>) som rapport av 1. juni 2017 av Alexander
 218   Kind Petersen, men jeg har ikke sammenlignet dokumentene ord for ord
 219   for å kontrollere dette.</p>
 220
 221 <p>IMDB er en forkortelse for The Internet Movie Database, en
 222   anerkjent kommersiell nettjeneste som brukes aktivt av både
 223   filmbransjen og andre til å holde rede på hvilke spillefilmer (og
 224   endel andre filmer) som finnes eller er under produksjon, og
 225   informasjon om disse filmene.  Datakvaliteten er høy, med få feil og
 226   få filmer som mangler.  IMDB viser ikke informasjon om
 227   opphavsrettslig status for filmene på infosiden for hver film.  Som
 228   del av IMDB-tjenesten finnes det lister med filmer laget av
 229   frivillige som lister opp det som antas å være verk i det fri.</p>
 230
 231 <p>Det finnes flere kilder som kan brukes til å finne filmer som er
 232   allemannseie (public domain) eller har bruksvilkår som gjør det
 233   lovlig for alleå dele dem på Internett.  Jeg har de siste ukene
 234   forsøkt å samle og krysskoble disse listene for å forsøke å telle
 235   antall filmer i det fri.  Ved å ta utgangspunkt i slike lister (og
 236   publiserte filmer for Internett-arkivets del), har jeg så langt
 237   klart å identifisere over 11 000 filmer, hovedsaklig spillefilmer.
 238
 239 <p>De aller fleste oppføringene er hentet fra IMDB selv, basert på det
 240   faktum at alle filmer laget i USA før 1923 er falt i det fri.
 241   Tilsvarende tidsgrense for Storbritannia er 1912-07-01, men dette
 242   utgjør bare veldig liten del av spillefilmene i IMDB (19 totalt).
 243   En annen stor andel kommer fra Internett-arkivet, der jeg har
 244   identifisert filmer med referanse til IMDB.  Internett-arkivet, som
 245   holder til i USA, har som
 246   <a href="https://archive.org/about/terms.php">policy å kun publisere
 247   filmer som det er lovlig å distribuere</a>.  Jeg har under arbeidet
 248   kommet over flere filmer som har blitt fjernet fra
 249   Internett-arkivet, hvilket gjør at jeg konkluderer med at folkene
 250   som kontrollerer Internett-arkivet har et aktivt forhold til å kun
 251   ha lovlig innhold der, selv om det i stor grad er drevet av
 252   frivillige.  En annen stor liste med filmer kommer fra det
 253   kommersielle selskapet Retro Film Vault, som selger allemannseide
 254   filmer til TV- og filmbransjen, Jeg har også benyttet meg av lister
 255   over filmer som hevdes å være allemannseie, det være seg Public
 256   Domain Review, Public Domain Torrents og Public Domain Movies (.net
 257   og .info), samt lister over filmer med Creative Commons-lisensiering
 258   fra Wikipedia, VODO og The Hill Productions.  Jeg har gjort endel
 259   stikkontroll ved å vurdere filmer som kun omtales på en liste.  Der
 260   jeg har funnet feil som har gjort meg i tvil om vurderingen til de
 261   som har laget listen har jeg forkastet listen fullstendig (gjelder
 262   en liste fra IMDB).</p>
 263
 264 <p>Ved å ta utgangspunkt i verk som kan antas å være lovlig delt på
 265   Internett (fra blant annet Internett-arkivet, Public Domain
 266   Torrents, Public Domain Reivew og Public Domain Movies), og knytte
 267   dem til oppføringer i IMDB, så har jeg så langt klart å identifisere
 268   over 11 000 filmer (hovedsaklig spillefilmer) det er grunn til å tro
 269   kan lovlig distribueres av alle på Internett.  Som ekstra kilder er
 270   det brukt lister over filmer som antas/påstås å være allemannseie.
 271   Disse kildene kommer fra miljøer som jobber for å gjøre tilgjengelig
 272   for almennheten alle verk som er falt i det fri eller har
 273   bruksvilkår som tillater deling.
 274
 275 <p>I tillegg til de over 11 000 filmene der tittel-ID i IMDB er
 276   identifisert, har jeg funnet mer enn 20 000 oppføringer der jeg ennå
 277   ikke har hatt kapasitet til å spore opp tittel-ID i IMDB.  Noen av
 278   disse er nok duplikater av de IMDB-oppføringene som er identifisert
 279   så langt, men neppe alle.  Retro Film Vault hevder å ha 44 000
 280   filmverk i det fri i sin katalog, så det er mulig at det reelle
 281   tallet er betydelig høyere enn de jeg har klart å identifisere så
 282   langt.  Konklusjonen er at tallet 11 000 er nedre grense for hvor
 283   mange filmer i IMDB som kan lovlig deles på Internett.  I følge <a
 284   href="http://www.imdb.com/stats">statistikk fra IMDB</a> er det 4.6
 285   millioner titler registrert, hvorav 3 millioner er TV-serieepisoder.
 286   Jeg har ikke funnet ut hvordan de fordeler seg per år.</p>
 287
 288 <p>Hvis en fordeler på år alle tittel-IDene i IMDB som hevdes å lovlig
 289   kunne deles på Internett, får en følgende histogram:</p>
 290
 291 <p align="center"><img width="80%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year.png"></p>
 292
 293 <p>En kan i histogrammet se at effekten av manglende registrering
 294   eller fornying av registrering er at mange filmer gitt ut i USA før
 295   1978 er allemannseie i dag.  I tillegg kan en se at det finnes flere
 296   filmer gitt ut de siste årene med bruksvilkår som tillater deling,
 297   muligens på grunn av fremveksten av
 298   <a href="https://creativecommons.org/">Creative
 299   Commons</a>-bevegelsen..</p>
 300
 301 <p>For maskinell analyse av katalogene har jeg laget et lite program
 302   som kobler seg til bittorrent-katalogene som brukes av ulike Popcorn
 303   Time-varianter og laster ned komplett liste over filmer i
 304   katalogene, noe som bekrefter at det er mulig å hente ned komplett
 305   liste med alle filmtitler som er tilgjengelig.  Jeg har sett på fire
 306   bittorrent-kataloger.  Den ene brukes av klienten tilgjengelig fra
 307   www.popcorntime.sh og er navngitt 'sh' i dette dokumentet.  Den
 308   andre brukes i følge dokument 09,12 av klienten tilgjengelig fra
 309   popcorntime.ag og popcorntime.sh og er navngitt 'yts' i dette
 310   dokumentet.  Den tredje brukes av websidene tilgjengelig fra
 311   popcorntime-online.tv og er navngitt 'apidomain' i dette dokumentet.
 312   Den fjerde brukes av klienten tilgjenglig fra popcorn-time.to i
 313   følge dokument 09,12, og er navngitt 'ukrfnlge' i dette
 314   dokumentet.</p>
 315
 316 <p>Metoden Økokrim legger til grunn skriver i sitt punkt fire at
 317   skjønn er en egnet metode for å finne ut om en film kan lovlig deles
 318   på Internett eller ikke, og sier at det ble «vurdert hvorvidt det
 319   var rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright».  For
 320   det første er det ikke nok å slå fast om en film er «vernet av
 321   copyright» for å vite om det er lovlig å dele den på Internett eller
 322   ikke, da det finnes flere filmer med opphavsrettslige bruksvilkår
 323   som tillater deling på Internett.  Eksempler på dette er Creative
 324   Commons-lisensierte filmer som Citizenfour fra 2014 og Sintel fra
 325   2010.  I tillegg til slike finnes det flere filmer som nå er
 326   allemannseie (public domain) på grunn av manglende registrering
 327   eller fornying av registrering selv om både regisør,
 328   produksjonsselskap og distributør ønsker seg vern.  Eksempler på
 329   dette er Plan 9 from Outer Space fra 1959 og Night of the Living
 330   Dead fra 1968.  Alle filmer fra USA som var allemannseie før
 331   1989-03-01 forble i det fri da Bern-konvensjonen, som tok effekt i
 332   USA på det tidspunktet, ikke ble gitt tilbakevirkende kraft.  Hvis
 333   det er noe
 334   <a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-happy-birthday-song-lawsuit-decision-20150922-story.html">historien
 335   om sangen «Happy birthday»</a> forteller oss, der betaling for bruk
 336   har vært krevd inn i flere tiår selv om sangen ikke egentlig var
 337   vernet av åndsverksloven, så er det at hvert enkelt verk må vurderes
 338   nøye og i detalj før en kan slå fast om verket er allemannseie eller
 339   ikke, det holder ikke å tro på selverklærte rettighetshavere.  Flere
 340   eksempel på verk i det fri som feilklassifiseres som vernet er fra
 341   dokument 09,18, som lister opp søkeresultater for klienten omtalt
 342   som popcorntime.sh og i følge notatet kun inneholder en film (The
 343   Circus fra 1928) som under tvil kan antas å være allemannseie.</p>
 344
 345 <p>Ved rask gjennomlesning av dokument 09,18, som inneholder
 346   skjermbilder fra bruk av en Popcorn Time-variant, fant jeg omtalt
 347   både filmen «The Brain That Wouldn't Die» fra 1962 som er
 348   <a href="https://archive.org/details/brain_that_wouldnt_die">tilgjengelig
 349   fra Internett-arkivet</a> og som
 350   <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_in_the_public_domain_in_the_United_States">i
 351     følge Wikipedia er allemannseie i USA</a> da den ble gitt ut i
 352   1962 uten 'copyright'-merking, og filmen «God’s Little Acre» fra
 353   1958 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Little_Acre_%28film%29">som
 354     er lagt ut på Wikipedia</a>, der det fortelles at
 355   sort/hvit-utgaven er allemannseie.  Det fremgår ikke fra dokument
 356   09,18 om filmen omtalt der er sort/hvit-utgaven.  Av
 357   kapasitetsårsaker og på grunn av at filmoversikten i dokument 09,18
 358   ikke er maskinlesbart har jeg ikke forsøkt å sjekke alle filmene som
 359   listes opp der om mot liste med filmer som er antatt lovlig kan
 360   distribueres på Internet.</p>
 361
 362 <p>Ved maskinell gjennomgang av listen med IMDB-referanser under
 363   regnearkfanen 'Unique titles' i dokument 09.14, fant jeg i tillegg
 364   filmen «She Wore a Yellow Ribbon» fra 1949) som nok også er
 365   feilklassifisert. Filmen «She Wore a Yellow Ribbon» er tilgjengelig
 366   fra Internett-arkivet og markert som allemannseie der.  Det virker
 367   dermed å være minst fire ganger så mange filmer som kan lovlig deles
 368   på Internett enn det som er lagt til grunn når en påstår at minst
 369   99% av innholdet er ulovlig.  Jeg ser ikke bort fra at nærmere
 370   undersøkelser kan avdekke flere.  Poenget er uansett at metodens
 371   punkt om «rimelig å forvente om at verket var vernet av copyright»
 372   gjør metoden upålitelig.</p>
 373
 374 <p>Den omtalte målemetoden velger ut tilfeldige søketermer fra
 375   ordlisten Dale-Chall.  Den ordlisten inneholder 3000 enkle engelske
 376   som fjerdeklassinger i USA er forventet å forstå.  Det fremgår ikke
 377   hvorfor akkurat denne ordlisten er valgt, og det er uklart for meg
 378   om den er egnet til å få et representativt utvalg av filmer.  Mange
 379   av ordene gir tomt søkeresultat.  Ved å simulerte tilsvarende søk
 380   ser jeg store avvik fra fordelingen i katalogen for enkeltmålinger.
 381   Dette antyder at enkeltmålinger av 100 filmer slik målemetoden
 382   beskriver er gjort, ikke er velegnet til å finne andel ulovlig
 383   innhold i bittorrent-katalogene.</p>
 384
 385 <p>En kan motvirke dette store avviket for enkeltmålinger ved å gjøre
 386   mange søk og slå sammen resultatet.  Jeg har testet ved å
 387   gjennomføre 100 enkeltmålinger (dvs. måling av (100x100=) 10 000
 388   tilfeldig valgte filmer) som gir mindre, men fortsatt betydelig
 389   avvik, i forhold til telling av filmer pr år i hele katalogen.</p>
 390
 391 <p>Målemetoden henter ut de fem øverste i søkeresultatet.
 392   Søkeresultatene er sortert på antall bittorrent-klienter registrert
 393   som delere i katalogene, hvilket kan gi en slagside mot hvilke
 394   filmer som er populære blant de som bruker bittorrent-katalogene,
 395   uten at det forteller noe om hvilket innhold som er tilgjengelig
 396   eller hvilket innhold som deles med Popcorn Time-klienter.  Jeg har
 397   forsøkt å måle hvor stor en slik slagside eventuelt er ved å
 398   sammenligne fordelingen hvis en tar de 5 nederste i søkeresultatet i
 399   stedet.  Avviket for disse to metodene for endel kataloger er godt
 400   synlig på histogramet.  Her er histogram over filmer funnet i den
 401   komplette katalogen (grønn strek), og filmer funnet ved søk etter
 402   ord i Dale-Chall.  Grafer merket 'top' henter fra de 5 første i
 403   søkeresultatet, mens de merket 'bottom' henter fra de 5 siste.  En
 404   kan her se at resultatene påvirkes betydelig av hvorvidt en ser på
 405   de første eller de siste filmene i et søketreff.</p>
 406
 407 <p align="center">
 408   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-sh-top.png"/>
 409   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-sh-bottom.png"/>
 410   <br>
 411   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-yts-top.png"/>
 412   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-yts-bottom.png"/>
 413   <br>
 414   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-ukrfnlge-top.png"/>
 415   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-ukrfnlge-bottom.png"/>
 416   <br>
 417   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-apidomain-top.png"/>
 418   <img width="40%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-12-20-histogram-year-apidomain-bottom.png"/>
 419 </p>
 420
 421 <p>Det er verdt å bemerke at de omtalte bittorrent-katalogene ikke er
 422   laget for bruk med Popcorn Time.  Eksempelvis tilhører katalogen
 423   YTS, som brukes av klientet som ble lastes ned fra popcorntime.sh,
 424   et selvstendig fildelings-relatert nettsted YTS.AG med et separat
 425   brukermiljø.  Målemetoden foreslått av Økokrim måler dermed ikke
 426   (u)lovligheten rundt bruken av Popcorn Time, men (u)lovligheten til
 427   innholdet i disse katalogene.</p>
 428
 429 <hr>
 430
 431 <p id="dok-09-13">Metoden fra Økokrims dokument 09,13 i straffesaken
 432 om DNS-beslag.</p>
 433
 434 <p><strong>1. Evaluation of (il)legality</strong></p>
 435
 436 <p><strong>1.1. Methodology</strong>
 437
 438 <p>Due to its technical configuration, Popcorn Time applications don't
 439 allow to make a full list of all titles made available. In order to
 440 evaluate the level of illegal operation of PCT, the following
 441 methodology was applied:</p>
 442
 443 <ol>
 444
 445  <li>A random selection of 50 keywords, greater than 3 letters, was
 446     made from the Dale-Chall list that contains 3000 simple English
 447     words1. The selection was made by using a Random Number
 448     Generator2.</li>
 449
 450  <li>For each keyword, starting with the first randomly selected
 451     keyword, a search query was conducted in the movie section of the
 452     respective Popcorn Time application. For each keyword, the first
 453     five results were added to the title list until the number of 100
 454     unique titles was reached (duplicates were removed).</li>
 455
 456  <li>For one fork, .CH, insufficient titles were generated via this
 457     approach to reach 100 titles. This was solved by adding any
 458     additional query results above five for each of the 50 keywords.
 459     Since this still was not enough, another 42 random keywords were
 460     selected to finally reach 100 titles.</li>
 461
 462  <li>It was verified whether or not there is a reasonable expectation
 463     that the work is copyrighted by checking if they are available on
 464     IMDb, also verifying the director, the year when the title was
 465     released, the release date for a certain market, the production
 466     company/ies of the title and the distribution company/ies.</li>
 467
 468 </ol>
 469
 470 <p><strong>1.2. Results</strong></p>
 471
 472 <p>Between 6 and 9 June 2016, four forks of Popcorn Time were
 473 investigated: popcorn-time.to, popcorntime.ag, popcorntime.sh and
 474 popcorntime.ch. An excel sheet with the results is included in
 475 Appendix 1. Screenshots were secured in separate Appendixes for each
 476 respective fork, see Appendix 2-5.</p>
 477
 478 <p>For each fork, out of 100, de-duplicated titles it was possible to
 479 retrieve data according to the parameters set out above that indicate
 480 that the title is commercially available. Per fork, there was 1 title
 481 that presumably falls within the public domain, i.e. the 1928 movie
 482 "The Circus" by and with Charles Chaplin.</p>
 483
 484 <p>Based on the above it is reasonable to assume that 99% of the movie
 485 content of each fork is copyright protected and is made available
 486 illegally.</p>
 487
 488 <p>This exercise was not repeated for TV series, but considering that
 489 besides production companies and distribution companies also
 490 broadcasters may have relevant rights, it is reasonable to assume that
 491 at least a similar level of infringement will be established.</p>
 492
 493 <p>Based on the above it is reasonable to assume that 99% of all the
 494 content of each fork is copyright protected and are made available
 495 illegally.</p>
 496 </div>
 497       <div class="tags">
 498
 499
 500         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 501
 502
 503       </div>
 504     </div>
 505     <div class="padding"></div>
 506
 507     <div class="entry">
 508       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Cura__the_nice_3D_print_slicer__is_now_in_Debian_Unstable.html">Cura, the nice 3D print slicer, is now in Debian Unstable</a></div>
 509       <div class="date">17th December 2017</div>
 510       <div class="body"><p>After several months of working and waiting, I am happy to report
 511 that the nice and user friendly 3D printer slicer software Cura just
 512 entered Debian Unstable.  It consist of five packages,
 513 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/cura">cura</a>,
 514 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/cura-engine">cura-engine</a>,
 515 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libarcus">libarcus</a>,
 516 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/fdm-materials">fdm-materials</a>,
 517 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libsavitar">libsavitar</a> and
 518 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/uranium">uranium</a>.  The last
 519 two, uranium and cura, entered Unstable yesterday.  This should make
 520 it easier for Debian users to print on at least the Ultimaker class of
 521 3D printers.  My nearest 3D printer is an Ultimaker 2+, so it will
 522 make life easier for at least me. :)</p>
 523
 524 <p>The work to make this happen was done by Gregor Riepl, and I was
 525 happy to assist him in sponsoring the packages.  With the introduction
 526 of Cura, Debian is up to three 3D printer slicers at your service,
 527 Cura, Slic3r and Slic3r Prusa.  If you own or have access to a 3D
 528 printer, give it a go. :)</p>
 529
 530 <p>The 3D printer software is maintained by the 3D printer Debian
 531 team, flocking together on the
 532 <a href="http://lists.alioth.debian.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/3dprinter-general">3dprinter-general</a>
 533 mailing list and the
 534 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/#debian-3dprinting">#debian-3dprinting</a>
 535 IRC channel.</p>
 536
 537 <p>The next step for Cura in Debian is to update the cura package to
 538 version 3.0.3 and then update the entire set of packages to version
 539 3.1.0 which showed up the last few days.</p>
 540 </div>
 541       <div class="tags">
 542
 543
 544         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 545
 546
 547       </div>
 548     </div>
 549     <div class="padding"></div>
 550
 551     <div class="entry">
 552       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_finding_all_public_domain_movies_in_the_USA.html">Idea for finding all public domain movies in the USA</a></div>
 553       <div class="date">13th December 2017</div>
 554       <div class="body"><p>While looking at
 555 <a href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/">the scanned copies
 556 for the copyright renewal entries for movies published in the USA</a>,
 557 an idea occurred to me.  The number of renewals are so few per year, it
 558 should be fairly quick to transcribe them all and add references to
 559 the corresponding IMDB title ID.  This would give the (presumably)
 560 complete list of movies published 28 years earlier that did _not_
 561 enter the public domain for the transcribed year.  By fetching the
 562 list of USA movies published 28 years earlier and subtract the movies
 563 with renewals, we should be left with movies registered in IMDB that
 564 are now in the public domain.  For the year 1955 (which is the one I
 565 have looked at the most), the total number of pages to transcribe is
 566 21.  For the 28 years from 1950 to 1978, it should be in the range
 567 500-600 pages.  It is just a few days of work, and spread among a
 568 small group of people it should be doable in a few weeks of spare
 569 time.</p>
 570
 571 <p>A typical copyright renewal entry look like this (the first one
 572 listed for 1955):</p>
 573
 574 <p><blockquote>
 575   ADAM AND EVIL, a photoplay in seven reels by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
 576   Distribution Corp. (c) 17Aug27; L24293. Loew's Incorporated (PWH);
 577   10Jun55; R151558.
 578 </blockquote></p>
 579
 580 <p>The movie title as well as registration and renewal dates are easy
 581 enough to locate by a program (split on first comma and look for
 582 DDmmmYY).  The rest of the text is not required to find the movie in
 583 IMDB, but is useful to confirm the correct movie is found.  I am not
 584 quite sure what the L and R numbers mean, but suspect they are
 585 reference numbers into the archive of the US Copyright Office.</p>
 586
 587 <p>Tracking down the equivalent IMDB title ID is probably going to be
 588 a manual task, but given the year it is fairly easy to search for the
 589 movie title using for example
 590 <a href="http://www.imdb.com/find?q=adam+and+evil+1927&s=all">http://www.imdb.com/find?q=adam+and+evil+1927&s=all</a>.
 591 Using this search, I find that the equivalent IMDB title ID for the
 592 first renewal entry from 1955 is
 593 <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0017588/">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0017588/</a>.</p>
 594
 595 <p>I suspect the best way to do this would be to make a specialised
 596 web service to make it easy for contributors to transcribe and track
 597 down IMDB title IDs.  In the web service, once a entry is transcribed,
 598 the title and year could be extracted from the text, a search in IMDB
 599 conducted for the user to pick the equivalent IMDB title ID right
 600 away.  By spreading out the work among volunteers, it would also be
 601 possible to make at least two persons transcribe the same entries to
 602 be able to discover any typos introduced.  But I will need help to
 603 make this happen, as I lack the spare time to do all of this on my
 604 own.  If you would like to help, please get in touch.  Perhaps you can
 605 draft a web service for crowd sourcing the task?</p>
 606
 607 <p>Note, Project Gutenberg already have some
 608 <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=copyright+office+renewals">transcribed
 609 copies of the US Copyright Office renewal protocols</a>, but I have
 610 not been able to find any film renewals there, so I suspect they only
 611 have copies of renewal for written works.  I have not been able to find
 612 any transcribed versions of movie renewals so far.  Perhaps they exist
 613 somewhere?</p>
 614
 615 <p>I would love to figure out methods for finding all the public
 616 domain works in other countries too, but it is a lot harder.  At least
 617 for Norway and Great Britain, such work involve tracking down the
 618 people involved in making the movie and figuring out when they died.
 619 It is hard enough to figure out who was part of making a movie, but I
 620 do not know how to automate such procedure without a registry of every
 621 person involved in making movies and their death year.</p>
 622
 623 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 624 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 625 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 626 </div>
 627       <div class="tags">
 628
 629
 630         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 631
 632
 633       </div>
 634     </div>
 635     <div class="padding"></div>
 636
 637     <div class="entry">
 638       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Is_the_short_movie__Empty_Socks__from_1927_in_the_public_domain_or_not_.html">Is the short movie «Empty Socks» from 1927 in the public domain or not?</a></div>
 639       <div class="date"> 5th December 2017</div>
 640       <div class="body"><p>Three years ago, a presumed lost animation film,
 641 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_Socks">Empty Socks from
 642 1927</a>, was discovered in the Norwegian National Library.  At the
 643 time it was discovered, it was generally assumed to be copyrighted by
 644 The Walt Disney Company, and I blogged about
 645 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opphavsretts_status_for__Empty_Socks__fra_1927_.html">my
 646 reasoning to conclude</a> that it would would enter the Norwegian
 647 equivalent of the public domain in 2053, based on my understanding of
 648 Norwegian Copyright Law.  But a few days ago, I came across
 649 <a href="http://www.toonzone.net/forums/threads/exposed-disneys-repurchase-of-oswald-the-rabbit-a-sham.4792291/">a
 650 blog post claiming the movie was already in the public domain</a>, at
 651 least in USA.  The reasoning is as follows: The film was released in
 652 November or Desember 1927 (sources disagree), and presumably
 653 registered its copyright that year.  At that time, right holders of
 654 movies registered by the copyright office received government
 655 protection for there work for 28 years.  After 28 years, the copyright
 656 had to be renewed if the wanted the government to protect it further.
 657 The blog post I found claim such renewal did not happen for this
 658 movie, and thus it entered the public domain in 1956.  Yet someone
 659 claim the copyright was renewed and the movie is still copyright
 660 protected.  Can anyone help me to figure out which claim is correct?
 661 I have not been able to find Empty Socks in Catalog of copyright
 662 entries.  Ser.3 pt.12-13 v.9-12 1955-1958 Motion Pictures
 663 <a href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/1955r.html#film">available
 664 from the University of Pennsylvania</a>, neither in
 665 <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084451130;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=83;num=45">page
 666 45 for the first half of 1955</a>, nor in
 667 <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015084451130;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=175;num=119">page
 668 119 for the second half of 1955</a>.  It is of course possible that
 669 the renewal entry was left out of the printed catalog by mistake.  Is
 670 there some way to rule out this possibility?  Please help, and update
 671 the wikipedia page with your findings.
 672
 673 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 674 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 675 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 676 </div>
 677       <div class="tags">
 678
 679
 680         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 681
 682
 683       </div>
 684     </div>
 685     <div class="padding"></div>
 686
 687     <div class="entry">
 688       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Metadata_proposal_for_movies_on_the_Internet_Archive.html">Metadata proposal for movies on the Internet Archive</a></div>
 689       <div class="date">28th November 2017</div>
 690       <div class="body"><p>It would be easier to locate the movie you want to watch in
 691 <a href="https://www.archive.org/">the Internet Archive</a>, if the
 692 metadata about each movie was more complete and accurate.  In the
 693 archiving community, a well known saying state that good metadata is a
 694 love letter to the future.  The metadata in the Internet Archive could
 695 use a face lift for the future to love us back.  Here is a proposal
 696 for a small improvement that would make the metadata more useful
 697 today.  I've been unable to find any document describing the various
 698 standard fields available when uploading videos to the archive, so
 699 this proposal is based on my best quess and searching through several
 700 of the existing movies.</p>
 701
 702 <p>I have a few use cases in mind.  First of all, I would like to be
 703 able to count the number of distinct movies in the Internet Archive,
 704 without duplicates.  I would further like to identify the IMDB title
 705 ID of the movies in the Internet Archive, to be able to look up a IMDB
 706 title ID and know if I can fetch the video from there and share it
 707 with my friends.</p>
 708
 709 <p>Second, I would like the Butter data provider for The Internet
 710 archive
 711 (<a href="https://github.com/butterproviders/butter-provider-archive">available
 712 from github</a>), to list as many of the good movies as possible.  The
 713 plugin currently do a search in the archive with the following
 714 parameters:</p>
 715
 716 <p><pre>
 717 collection:moviesandfilms
 718 AND NOT collection:movie_trailers
 719 AND -mediatype:collection
 720 AND format:"Archive BitTorrent"
 721 AND year
 722 </pre></p>
 723
 724 <p>Most of the cool movies that fail to show up in Butter do so
 725 because the 'year' field is missing.  The 'year' field is populated by
 726 the year part from the 'date' field, and should be when the movie was
 727 released (date or year).  Two such examples are
 728 <a href="https://archive.org/details/SidneyOlcottsBen-hur1905">Ben Hur
 729 from 1905</a> and
 730 <a href="https://archive.org/details/Caminandes2GranDillama">Caminandes
 731 2: Gran Dillama from 2013</a>, where the year metadata field is
 732 missing.</p>
 733
 734 So, my proposal is simply, for every movie in The Internet Archive
 735 where an IMDB title ID exist, please fill in these metadata fields
 736 (note, they can be updated also long after the video was uploaded, but
 737 as far as I can tell, only by the uploader):
 738
 739 <dl>
 740
 741 <dt>mediatype</dt>
 742 <dd>Should be 'movie' for movies.</dd>
 743
 744 <dt>collection</dt>
 745 <dd>Should contain 'moviesandfilms'.</dd>
 746
 747 <dt>title</dt>
 748 <dd>The title of the movie, without the publication year.</dd>
 749
 750 <dt>date</dt>
 751 <dd>The data or year the movie was released.  This make the movie show
 752 up in Butter, as well as make it possible to know the age of the
 753 movie and is useful to figure out copyright status.</dd>
 754
 755 <dt>director</dt>
 756 <dd>The director of the movie.  This make it easier to know if the
 757 correct movie is found in movie databases.</dd>
 758
 759 <dt>publisher</dt>
 760 <dd>The production company making the movie.  Also useful for
 761 identifying the correct movie.</dd>
 762
 763 <dt>links</dt>
 764
 765 <dd>Add a link to the IMDB title page, for example like this: &lt;a
 766 href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0028496/"&gt;Movie in
 767 IMDB&lt;/a&gt;.  This make it easier to find duplicates and allow for
 768 counting of number of unique movies in the Archive.  Other external
 769 references, like to TMDB, could be added like this too.</dd>
 770
 771 </dl>
 772
 773 <p>I did consider proposing a Custom field for the IMDB title ID (for
 774 example 'imdb_title_url', 'imdb_code' or simply 'imdb', but suspect it
 775 will be easier to simply place it in the links free text field.</p>
 776
 777 <p>I created
 778 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
 779 list of IMDB title IDs for several thousand movies in the Internet
 780 Archive</a>, but I also got a list of several thousand movies without
 781 such IMDB title ID (and quite a few duplicates).  It would be great if
 782 this data set could be integrated into the Internet Archive metadata
 783 to be available for everyone in the future, but with the current
 784 policy of leaving metadata editing to the uploaders, it will take a
 785 while before this happen.  If you have uploaded movies into the
 786 Internet Archive, you can help.  Please consider following my proposal
 787 above for your movies, to ensure that movie is properly
 788 counted. :)</p>
 789
 790 <p>The list is mostly generated using wikidata, which based on
 791 Wikipedia articles make it possible to link between IMDB and movies in
 792 the Internet Archive.  But there are lots of movies without a
 793 Wikipedia article, and some movies where only a collection page exist
 794 (like for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caminandes">the
 795 Caminandes example above</a>, where there are three movies but only
 796 one Wikidata entry).</p>
 797
 798 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 799 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 800 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 801 </div>
 802       <div class="tags">
 803
 804
 805         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 806
 807
 808       </div>
 809     </div>
 810     <div class="padding"></div>
 811
 812     <div class="entry">
 813       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Legal_to_share_more_than_3000_movies_listed_on_IMDB_.html">Legal to share more than 3000 movies listed on IMDB?</a></div>
 814       <div class="date">18th November 2017</div>
 815       <div class="body"><p>A month ago, I blogged about my work to
 816 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Locating_IMDB_IDs_of_movies_in_the_Internet_Archive_using_Wikidata.html">automatically
 817 check the copyright status of IMDB entries</a>, and try to count the
 818 number of movies listed in IMDB that is legal to distribute on the
 819 Internet.  I have continued to look for good data sources, and
 820 identified a few more.  The code used to extract information from
 821 various data sources is available in
 822 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/public-domain-free-imdb">a
 823 git repository</a>, currently available from github.</p>
 824
 825 <p>So far I have identified 3186 unique IMDB title IDs.  To gain
 826 better understanding of the structure of the data set, I created a
 827 histogram of the year associated with each movie (typically release
 828 year).  It is interesting to notice where the peaks and dips in the
 829 graph are located.  I wonder why they are placed there.  I suspect
 830 World War II caused the dip around 1940, but what caused the peak
 831 around 2010?</p>
 832
 833 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-11-18-verk-i-det-fri-filmer.png" /></p>
 834
 835 <p>I've so far identified ten sources for IMDB title IDs for movies in
 836 the public domain or with a free license.  This is the statistics
 837 reported when running 'make stats' in the git repository:</p>
 838
 839 <pre>
 840   249 entries (    6 unique) with and   288 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-butter.json
 841  2301 entries (  540 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json
 842   830 entries (   29 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-icheckmovies-archive-mochard.json
 843  2109 entries (  377 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-imdb-pd.json
 844   291 entries (  122 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-letterboxd-pd.json
 845   144 entries (  135 unique) with and     0 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-manual.json
 846   350 entries (    1 unique) with and   801 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainmovies.json
 847     4 entries (    0 unique) with and   124 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomainreview.json
 848   698 entries (  119 unique) with and   118 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-publicdomaintorrents.json
 849     8 entries (    8 unique) with and   196 without IMDB title ID in free-movies-vodo.json
 850  3186 unique IMDB title IDs in total
 851 </pre>
 852
 853 <p>The entries without IMDB title ID are candidates to increase the
 854 data set, but might equally well be duplicates of entries already
 855 listed with IMDB title ID in one of the other sources, or represent
 856 movies that lack a IMDB title ID.  I've seen examples of all these
 857 situations when peeking at the entries without IMDB title ID.  Based
 858 on these data sources, the lower bound for movies listed in IMDB that
 859 are legal to distribute on the Internet is between 3186 and 4713.
 860
 861 <p>It would be great for improving the accuracy of this measurement,
 862 if the various sources added IMDB title ID to their metadata.  I have
 863 tried to reach the people behind the various sources to ask if they
 864 are interested in doing this, without any replies so far.  Perhaps you
 865 can help me get in touch with the people behind VODO, Public Domain
 866 Torrents, Public Domain Movies and Public Domain Review to try to
 867 convince them to add more metadata to their movie entries?</p>
 868
 869 <p>Another way you could help is by adding pages to Wikipedia about
 870 movies that are legal to distribute on the Internet.  If such page
 871 exist and include a link to both IMDB and The Internet Archive, the
 872 script used to generate free-movies-archive-org-wikidata.json should
 873 pick up the mapping as soon as wikidata is updates.</p>
 874
 875 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 876 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 877 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 878 </div>
 879       <div class="tags">
 880
 881
 882         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
 883
 884
 885       </div>
 886     </div>
 887     <div class="padding"></div>
 888
 889     <div class="entry">
 890       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Some_notes_on_fault_tolerant_storage_systems.html">Some notes on fault tolerant storage systems</a></div>
 891       <div class="date"> 1st November 2017</div>
 892       <div class="body"><p>If you care about how fault tolerant your storage is, you might
 893 find these articles and papers interesting.  They have formed how I
 894 think of when designing a storage system.</p>
 895
 896 <ul>
 897
 898 <li>USENIX :login; <a
 899 href="https://www.usenix.org/publications/login/summer2017/ganesan">Redundancy
 900 Does Not Imply Fault Tolerance.  Analysis of Distributed Storage
 901 Reactions to Single Errors and Corruptions</a> by Aishwarya Ganesan,
 902 Ramnatthan Alagappan, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi
 903 H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 904
 905 <li>ZDNet
 906 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-5-stops-working-in-2009/">Why
 907 RAID 5 stops working in 2009</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 908
 909 <li>ZDNet
 910 <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/why-raid-6-stops-working-in-2019/">Why
 911 RAID 6 stops working in 2019</a> by Robin Harris</li>
 912
 913 <li>USENIX FAST'07
 914 <a href="http://research.google.com/archive/disk_failures.pdf">Failure
 915 Trends in a Large Disk Drive Population</a> by Eduardo Pinheiro,
 916 Wolf-Dietrich Weber and Luiz André Barroso</li>
 917
 918 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 919 href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/hughes12-04.pdf">Data
 920 Integrity.  Finding Truth in a World of Guesses and Lies</a> by Doug
 921 Hughes</li>
 922
 923 <li>USENIX FAST'08
 924 <a href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/bairavasundaram/bairavasundaram_html/">An
 925 Analysis of Data Corruption in the Storage Stack</a> by
 926 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, B. Schroeder, A. C.
 927 Arpaci-Dusseau, and R. H. Arpaci-Dusseau</li>
 928
 929 <li>USENIX FAST'07 <a
 930 href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/fast07/tech/schroeder/schroeder_html/">Disk
 931 failures in the real world: what does an MTTF of 1,000,000 hours mean
 932 to you?</a> by B. Schroeder and G. A. Gibson.</li>
 933
 934 <li>USENIX ;login: <a
 935 href="https://www.usenix.org/events/fast08/tech/full_papers/jiang/jiang_html/">Are
 936 Disks the Dominant Contributor for Storage Failures?  A Comprehensive
 937 Study of Storage Subsystem Failure Characteristics</a> by Weihang
 938 Jiang, Chongfeng Hu, Yuanyuan Zhou, and Arkady Kanevsky</li>
 939
 940 <li>SIGMETRICS 2007
 941 <a href="http://research.cs.wisc.edu/adsl/Publications/latent-sigmetrics07.pdf">An
 942 analysis of latent sector errors in disk drives</a> by
 943 L. N. Bairavasundaram, G. R. Goodson, S. Pasupathy, and J. Schindler</li>
 944
 945 </ul>
 946
 947 <p>Several of these research papers are based on data collected from
 948 hundred thousands or millions of disk, and their findings are eye
 949 opening.  The short story is simply do not implicitly trust RAID or
 950 redundant storage systems.  Details matter.  And unfortunately there
 951 are few options on Linux addressing all the identified issues.  Both
 952 ZFS and Btrfs are doing a fairly good job, but have legal and
 953 practical issues on their own.  I wonder how cluster file systems like
 954 Ceph do in this regard.  After all, there is an old saying, you know
 955 you have a distributed system when the crash of a computer you have
 956 never heard of stops you from getting any work done.  The same holds
 957 true if fault tolerance do not work.</p>
 958
 959 <p>Just remember, in the end, it do not matter how redundant, or how
 960 fault tolerant your storage is, if you do not continuously monitor its
 961 status to detect and replace failed disks.</p>
 962
 963 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 964 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 965 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 966 </div>
 967       <div class="tags">
 968
 969
 970         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin</a>.
 971
 972
 973       </div>
 974     </div>
 975     <div class="padding"></div>
 976
 977     <div class="entry">
 978       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Web_services_for_writing_academic_LaTeX_papers_as_a_team.html">Web services for writing academic LaTeX papers as a team</a></div>
 979       <div class="date">31st October 2017</div>
 980       <div class="body"><p>I was surprised today to learn that a friend in academia did not
 981 know there are easily available web services available for writing
 982 LaTeX documents as a team.  I thought it was common knowledge, but to
 983 make sure at least my readers are aware of it, I would like to mention
 984 these useful services for writing LaTeX documents.  Some of them even
 985 provide a WYSIWYG editor to ease writing even further.</p>
 986
 987 <p>There are two commercial services available,
 988 <a href="https://sharelatex.com">ShareLaTeX</a> and
 989 <a href="https://overleaf.com">Overleaf</a>.  They are very easy to
 990 use.  Just start a new document, select which publisher to write for
 991 (ie which LaTeX style to use), and start writing.  Note, these two
 992 have announced their intention to join forces, so soon it will only be
 993 one joint service.  I've used both for different documents, and they
 994 work just fine.  While
 995 <a href="https://github.com/sharelatex/sharelatex">ShareLaTeX is free
 996 software</a>, while the latter is not.  According to <a
 997 href="https://www.overleaf.com/help/17-is-overleaf-open-source">a
 998 announcement from Overleaf</a>, they plan to keep the ShareLaTeX code
 999 base maintained as free software.</p>
1000
1001 But these two are not the only alternatives.
1002 <a href="https://app.fiduswriter.org/">Fidus Writer</a> is another free
1003 software solution with <a href="https://github.com/fiduswriter">the
1004 source available on github</a>.  I have not used it myself.  Several
1005 others can be found on the nice
1006 <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/sharelatex/">alterntiveTo
1007 web service</a>.
1008
1009 <p>If you like Google Docs or Etherpad, but would like to write
1010 documents in LaTeX, you should check out these services.  You can even
1011 host your own, if you want to. :)</p>
1012
1013 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
1014 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
1015 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
1016 </div>
1017       <div class="tags">
1018
1019
1020         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
1021
1022
1023       </div>
1024     </div>
1025     <div class="padding"></div>
1026
1027     <div class="entry">
1028       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Locating_IMDB_IDs_of_movies_in_the_Internet_Archive_using_Wikidata.html">Locating IMDB IDs of movies in the Internet Archive using Wikidata</a></div>
1029       <div class="date">25th October 2017</div>
1030       <div class="body"><p>Recently, I needed to automatically check the copyright status of a
1031 set of <a href="http://www.imdb.com/">The Internet Movie database
1032 (IMDB)</a> entries, to figure out which one of the movies they refer
1033 to can be freely distributed on the Internet.  This proved to be
1034 harder than it sounds.  IMDB for sure list movies without any
1035 copyright protection, where the copyright protection has expired or
1036 where the movie is lisenced using a permissive license like one from
1037 Creative Commons.  These are mixed with copyright protected movies,
1038 and there seem to be no way to separate these classes of movies using
1039 the information in IMDB.</p>
1040
1041 <p>First I tried to look up entries manually in IMDB,
1042 <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a> and
1043 <a href="https://www.archive.org/">The Internet Archive</a>, to get a
1044 feel how to do this.  It is hard to know for sure using these sources,
1045 but it should be possible to be reasonable confident a movie is "out
1046 of copyright" with a few hours work per movie.  As I needed to check
1047 almost 20,000 entries, this approach was not sustainable.  I simply
1048 can not work around the clock for about 6 years to check this data
1049 set.</p>
1050
1051 <p>I asked the people behind The Internet Archive if they could
1052 introduce a new metadata field in their metadata XML for IMDB ID, but
1053 was told that they leave it completely to the uploaders to update the
1054 metadata.  Some of the metadata entries had IMDB links in the
1055 description, but I found no way to download all metadata files in bulk
1056 to locate those ones and put that approach aside.</p>
1057
1058 <p>In the process I noticed several Wikipedia articles about movies
1059 had links to both IMDB and The Internet Archive, and it occured to me
1060 that I could use the Wikipedia RDF data set to locate entries with
1061 both, to at least get a lower bound on the number of movies on The
1062 Internet Archive with a IMDB ID.  This is useful based on the
1063 assumption that movies distributed by The Internet Archive can be
1064 legally distributed on the Internet.  With some help from the RDF
1065 community (thank you DanC), I was able to come up with this query to
1066 pass to <a href="https://query.wikidata.org/">the SPARQL interface on
1067 Wikidata</a>:
1068
1069 <p><pre>
1070 SELECT ?work ?imdb ?ia ?when ?label
1071 WHERE
1072 {
1073   ?work wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q11424.
1074   ?work wdt:P345 ?imdb.
1075   ?work wdt:P724 ?ia.
1076   OPTIONAL {
1077         ?work wdt:P577 ?when.
1078         ?work rdfs:label ?label.
1079         FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
1080   }
1081 }
1082 </pre></p>
1083
1084 <p>If I understand the query right, for every film entry anywhere in
1085 Wikpedia, it will return the IMDB ID and The Internet Archive ID, and
1086 when the movie was released and its English title, if either or both
1087 of the latter two are available.  At the moment the result set contain
1088 2338 entries.  Of course, it depend on volunteers including both
1089 correct IMDB and The Internet Archive IDs in the wikipedia articles
1090 for the movie.  It should be noted that the result will include
1091 duplicates if the movie have entries in several languages.  There are
1092 some bogus entries, either because The Internet Archive ID contain a
1093 typo or because the movie is not available from The Internet Archive.
1094 I did not verify the IMDB IDs, as I am unsure how to do that
1095 automatically.</p>
1096
1097 <p>I wrote a small python script to extract the data set from Wikidata
1098 and check if the XML metadata for the movie is available from The
1099 Internet Archive, and after around 1.5 hour it produced a list of 2097
1100 free movies and their IMDB ID.  In total, 171 entries in Wikidata lack
1101 the refered Internet Archive entry.  I assume the 70 "disappearing"
1102 entries (ie 2338-2097-171) are duplicate entries.</p>
1103
1104 <p>This is not too bad, given that The Internet Archive report to
1105 contain <a href="https://archive.org/details/feature_films">5331
1106 feature films</a> at the moment, but it also mean more than 3000
1107 movies are missing on Wikipedia or are missing the pair of references
1108 on Wikipedia.</p>
1109
1110 <p>I was curious about the distribution by release year, and made a
1111 little graph to show how the amount of free movies is spread over the
1112 years:<p>
1113
1114 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2017-10-25-verk-i-det-fri-filmer.png"></p>
1115
1116 <p>I expect the relative distribution of the remaining 3000 movies to
1117 be similar.</p>
1118
1119 <p>If you want to help, and want to ensure Wikipedia can be used to
1120 cross reference The Internet Archive and The Internet Movie Database,
1121 please make sure entries like this are listed under the "External
1122 links" heading on the Wikipedia article for the movie:</p>
1123
1124 <p><pre>
1125 * {{Internet Archive film|id=FightingLady}}
1126 * {{IMDb title|id=0036823|title=The Fighting Lady}}
1127 </pre></p>
1128
1129 <p>Please verify the links on the final page, to make sure you did not
1130 introduce a typo.</p>
1131
1132 <p>Here is the complete list, if you want to correct the 171
1133 identified Wikipedia entries with broken links to The Internet
1134 Archive: <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1140317">Q1140317</a>,
1135 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q458656">Q458656</a>,
1136 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q458656">Q458656</a>,
1137 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q470560">Q470560</a>,
1138 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q743340">Q743340</a>,
1139 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q822580">Q822580</a>,
1140 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q480696">Q480696</a>,
1141 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q128761">Q128761</a>,
1142 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1307059">Q1307059</a>,
1143 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1335091">Q1335091</a>,
1144 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1537166">Q1537166</a>,
1145 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1438334">Q1438334</a>,
1146 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1479751">Q1479751</a>,
1147 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1497200">Q1497200</a>,
1148 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1498122">Q1498122</a>,
1149 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q865973">Q865973</a>,
1150 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q834269">Q834269</a>,
1151 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q841781">Q841781</a>,
1152 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q841781">Q841781</a>,
1153 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1548193">Q1548193</a>,
1154 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q499031">Q499031</a>,
1155 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1564769">Q1564769</a>,
1156 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1585239">Q1585239</a>,
1157 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1585569">Q1585569</a>,
1158 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1624236">Q1624236</a>,
1159 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4796595">Q4796595</a>,
1160 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4853469">Q4853469</a>,
1161 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4873046">Q4873046</a>,
1162 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q915016">Q915016</a>,
1163 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4660396">Q4660396</a>,
1164 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4677708">Q4677708</a>,
1165 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4738449">Q4738449</a>,
1166 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4756096">Q4756096</a>,
1167 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4766785">Q4766785</a>,
1168 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q880357">Q880357</a>,
1169 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q882066">Q882066</a>,
1170 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q882066">Q882066</a>,
1171 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q204191">Q204191</a>,
1172 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q204191">Q204191</a>,
1173 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1194170">Q1194170</a>,
1174 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q940014">Q940014</a>,
1175 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q946863">Q946863</a>,
1176 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q172837">Q172837</a>,
1177 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q573077">Q573077</a>,
1178 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1219005">Q1219005</a>,
1179 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1219599">Q1219599</a>,
1180 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1643798">Q1643798</a>,
1181 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1656352">Q1656352</a>,
1182 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1659549">Q1659549</a>,
1183 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1660007">Q1660007</a>,
1184 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1698154">Q1698154</a>,
1185 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1737980">Q1737980</a>,
1186 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1877284">Q1877284</a>,
1187 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199354">Q1199354</a>,
1188 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199354">Q1199354</a>,
1189 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1199451">Q1199451</a>,
1190 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1211871">Q1211871</a>,
1191 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1212179">Q1212179</a>,
1192 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1238382">Q1238382</a>,
1193 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4906454">Q4906454</a>,
1194 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q320219">Q320219</a>,
1195 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1148649">Q1148649</a>,
1196 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q645094">Q645094</a>,
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1304 <a href="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q774474">Q774474</a></p>
1305
1306 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
1307 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
1308 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
1309 </div>
1310       <div class="tags">
1311
1312
1313         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri</a>.
1314
1315
1316       </div>
1317     </div>
1318     <div class="padding"></div>
1319
1320     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1321     <div id="sidebar">
1322
1323
1324
1325 <h2>Archive</h2>
1326 <ul>
1327
1328 <li>2018
1329 <ul>
1330
1331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
1332
1333 </ul></li>
1334
1335 <li>2017
1336 <ul>
1337
1338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
1339
1340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1341
1342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
1343
1344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
1345
1346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
1347
1348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
1349
1350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
1351
1352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
1353
1354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
1355
1356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1357
1358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
1359
1360 </ul></li>
1361
1362 <li>2016
1363 <ul>
1364
1365 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
1366
1367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
1368
1369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1370
1371 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
1372
1373 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
1374
1375 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1376
1377 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1378
1379 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
1380
1381 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1382
1383 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
1384
1385 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
1386
1387 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1388
1389 </ul></li>
1390
1391 <li>2015
1392 <ul>
1393
1394 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1395
1396 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1397
1398 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1399
1400 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1401
1402 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1403
1404 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
1405
1406 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
1407
1408 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1409
1410 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
1411
1412 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1413
1414 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
1415
1416 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1417
1418 </ul></li>
1419
1420 <li>2014
1421 <ul>
1422
1423 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1424
1425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1426
1427 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1428
1429 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1430
1431 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1432
1433 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1434
1435 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1436
1437 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1438
1439 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1440
1441 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1442
1443 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1444
1445 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1446
1447 </ul></li>
1448
1449 <li>2013
1450 <ul>
1451
1452 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1453
1454 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1455
1456 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1457
1458 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1459
1460 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1461
1462 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1463
1464 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1465
1466 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1467
1468 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1469
1470 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1471
1472 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1473
1474 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1475
1476 </ul></li>
1477
1478 <li>2012
1479 <ul>
1480
1481 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1482
1483 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1484
1485 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1486
1487 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1488
1489 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1490
1491 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1492
1493 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1494
1495 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1496
1497 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1498
1499 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1500
1501 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1502
1503 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1504
1505 </ul></li>
1506
1507 <li>2011
1508 <ul>
1509
1510 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1511
1512 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1513
1514 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1515
1516 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1517
1518 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1519
1520 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1521
1522 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1523
1524 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1525
1526 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1527
1528 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1529
1530 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1531
1532 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1533
1534 </ul></li>
1535
1536 <li>2010
1537 <ul>
1538
1539 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1540
1541 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1542
1543 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1544
1545 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1546
1547 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1548
1549 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1550
1551 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1552
1553 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1554
1555 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1556
1557 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1558
1559 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1560
1561 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1562
1563 </ul></li>
1564
1565 <li>2009
1566 <ul>
1567
1568 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1569
1570 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1571
1572 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1573
1574 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1575
1576 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1577
1578 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1579
1580 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1581
1582 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1583
1584 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1585
1586 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1587
1588 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1589
1590 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1591
1592 </ul></li>
1593
1594 <li>2008
1595 <ul>
1596
1597 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1598
1599 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1600
1601 </ul></li>
1602
1603 </ul>
1604
1605
1606
1607 <h2>Tags</h2>
1608 <ul>
1609
1610  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (15)</a></li>
1611
1612  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1613
1614  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1615
1616  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1617
1618  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (9)</a></li>
1619
1620  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (16)</a></li>
1621
1622  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1623
1624  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1625
1626  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (155)</a></li>
1627
1628  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
1629
1630  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (4)</a></li>
1631
1632  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1633
1634  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
1635
1636  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (24)</a></li>
1637
1638  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1639
1640  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (364)</a></li>
1641
1642  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1643
1644  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (13)</a></li>
1645
1646  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (32)</a></li>
1647
1648  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1649
1650  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (18)</a></li>
1651
1652  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1653
1654  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1655
1656  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (15)</a></li>
1657
1658  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (20)</a></li>
1659
1660  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1661
1662  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
1663
1664  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1665
1666  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1667
1668  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1669
1670  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1671
1672  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (39)</a></li>
1673
1674  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (9)</a></li>
1675
1676  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (294)</a></li>
1677
1678  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (190)</a></li>
1679
1680  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (33)</a></li>
1681
1682  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1683
1684  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (71)</a></li>
1685
1686  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (104)</a></li>
1687
1688  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1689
1690  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1691
1692  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1693
1694  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1695
1696  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (10)</a></li>
1697
1698  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1699
1700  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (5)</a></li>
1701
1702  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1703
1704  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (53)</a></li>
1705
1706  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1707
1708  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1709
1710  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (55)</a></li>
1711
1712  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (6)</a></li>
1713
1714  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
1715
1716  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (52)</a></li>
1717
1718  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (4)</a></li>
1719
1720  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1721
1722  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1723
1724  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (10)</a></li>
1725
1726  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (61)</a></li>
1727
1728  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1729
1730  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (40)</a></li>
1731
1732 </ul>
1733
1734
1735     </div>
1736     <p style="text-align: right">
1737  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1738 </p>
1739
1740   </body>
1741 </html>