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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  27 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  28 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  30 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  31 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  32 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  33 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  34 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  35 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  36 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  37 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  38 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  42 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage
  43 </pre>
  44
  45 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  46 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  47 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  48 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  49
  50 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  51 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  52 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  53 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  54 word.</p>
  55 </div>
  56       <div class="tags">
  57
  58
  59         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
  60
  61
  62       </div>
  63     </div>
  64     <div class="padding"></div>
  65
  66     <div class="entry">
  67       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  68       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  69       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  70 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  71 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  72 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  73 it, fetch the
  74 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  75 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  76 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  77 autostart script.</p>
  78
  79 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  80
  81 <ul>
  82
  83 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  84 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  85
  86 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  87 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  88 initially did.</li>
  89
  90 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  91 the APT database, a database
  92 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  93 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  94
  95 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  96 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  97 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  98 package or packages.</li>
  99
 100 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 101 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 102
 103 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 104 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 105
 106 </ul>
 107
 108 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 109 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 110 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 111 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 112
 113 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 114 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 115 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 116 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 117 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 118
 119 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 120 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 121 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 122 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 123 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 124 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 125 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 126 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 127
 128 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 129 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 130 '<tt>svn checkout
 131 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 132 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 133 devscripts package.</p>
 134 </div>
 135       <div class="tags">
 136
 137
 138         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 139
 140
 141       </div>
 142     </div>
 143     <div class="padding"></div>
 144
 145     <div class="entry">
 146       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 147       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 148       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 149 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 150 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 151 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 152 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 153 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 154 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 155 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 156 not a durable solution.
 157
 158 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 159 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 160
 161 <ul>
 162
 163 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 164   than A4).</li>
 165 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 166 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 167 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 168 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 169 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 170 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 171 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 172 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 173 size).</li>
 174 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 175   X.org packages.</li>
 176 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 177   the time).
 178
 179 </ul>
 180
 181 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 182 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 183 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 184 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 185 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 186 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 187 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 188 still be useful.</p>
 189
 190 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 191 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 192 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 193 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 194 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 195 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 196 </div>
 197       <div class="tags">
 198
 199
 200         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 201
 202
 203       </div>
 204     </div>
 205     <div class="padding"></div>
 206
 207     <div class="entry">
 208       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 209       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 210       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 211 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 212 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 213 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 214 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 215 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 216 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 217
 218 <pre>
 219 #!/usr/bin/python
 220 import sys
 221 import apt
 222 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 223     cache = apt.Cache()
 224     cache.open(None)
 225     thepkgs = []
 226     for pkg in cache:
 227         version = pkg.candidate
 228         if version is None:
 229             version = pkg.installed
 230         if version is None:
 231             continue
 232         record = version.record
 233         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 234             continue
 235         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 236         for t in mime_types:
 237             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 238             if t == mimetype:
 239                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 240     return thepkgs
 241 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 242 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 243     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 244 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 245 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 246     print "  %s" %pkg
 247 </pre>
 248
 249 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 250
 251 <pre>
 252 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 253 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 254   gecko-mediaplayer
 255 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 256 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 257   browser-plugin-gnash
 258 %
 259 </pre>
 260
 261 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 262 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 263 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 264 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 265
 266 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 267 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 268 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 269 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 270 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 271 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 272 </div>
 273       <div class="tags">
 274
 275
 276         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 277
 278
 279       </div>
 280     </div>
 281     <div class="padding"></div>
 282
 283     <div class="entry">
 284       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 285       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 286       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 287 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 288 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 289 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 290 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 291 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 292 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 293 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 294
 295 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 296 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 297 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 298 can be found on the
 299 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 300 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 301 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 302 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 303 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 304
 305 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 306
 307 <pre>
 308   count MIME type
 309   ----- -----------------------
 310      32 text/plain
 311      30 audio/mpeg
 312      29 image/png
 313      28 image/jpeg
 314      27 application/ogg
 315      26 audio/x-mp3
 316      25 image/tiff
 317      25 image/gif
 318      22 image/bmp
 319      22 audio/x-wav
 320      20 audio/x-flac
 321      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 322      18 video/x-ms-asf
 323      18 audio/x-musepack
 324      18 audio/x-mpeg
 325      18 application/x-ogg
 326      17 video/mpeg
 327      17 audio/x-scpls
 328      17 audio/ogg
 329      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 330 </pre>
 331
 332 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 333
 334 <pre>
 335   count MIME type
 336   ----- -----------------------
 337      33 text/plain
 338      32 image/png
 339      32 image/jpeg
 340      29 audio/mpeg
 341      27 image/gif
 342      26 image/tiff
 343      26 application/ogg
 344      25 audio/x-mp3
 345      22 image/bmp
 346      21 audio/x-wav
 347      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 348      19 audio/x-mpeg
 349      18 video/mpeg
 350      18 audio/x-scpls
 351      18 audio/x-flac
 352      18 application/x-ogg
 353      17 video/x-ms-asf
 354      17 text/html
 355      17 audio/x-musepack
 356      16 image/x-xbitmap
 357 </pre>
 358
 359 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 360
 361 <pre>
 362   count MIME type
 363   ----- -----------------------
 364      31 text/plain
 365      31 image/png
 366      31 image/jpeg
 367      29 audio/mpeg
 368      28 application/ogg
 369      27 image/gif
 370      26 image/tiff
 371      26 audio/x-mp3
 372      23 audio/x-wav
 373      22 image/bmp
 374      21 audio/x-flac
 375      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 376      19 audio/x-mpeg
 377      18 video/x-ms-asf
 378      18 video/mpeg
 379      18 audio/x-scpls
 380      18 application/x-ogg
 381      17 audio/x-musepack
 382      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 383      16 video/x-msvideo
 384 </pre>
 385
 386 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 387 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 388 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 389 issues.</p>
 390
 391 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 392 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 393 </div>
 394       <div class="tags">
 395
 396
 397         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 398
 399
 400       </div>
 401     </div>
 402     <div class="padding"></div>
 403
 404     <div class="entry">
 405       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 406       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 407       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 408 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 409 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 410 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 411 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 412 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 413 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 414 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 415 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 416 packages.</p>
 417
 418 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 419 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 420 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 421 modalias.</p>
 422
 423 <p><blockquote>
 424 Package: package-name
 425 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 426 </blockquote></p>
 427
 428 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 429 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 430
 431 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 432 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 433
 434 <p><blockquote>
 435 Package: cheese
 436 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 437 </blockquote></p>
 438
 439 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 440 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 441
 442 <p><blockquote>
 443 Package: pcmciautils
 444 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 445 </blockquote></p>
 446
 447 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 448 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 449
 450 <p><blockquote>
 451 Package: colorhug-client
 452 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 453 </blockquote></p>
 454
 455 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 456 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 457 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 458
 459 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 460 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 461 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 462 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 463 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 464 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 465 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 466 Raring.</p>
 467
 468 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 469 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 470 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 471 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 472 try the
 473 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 474 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 475 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 476 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 477
 478 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 479 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 480
 481 <p><blockquote>
 482 % ./hw-support-lookup
 483 <br>yubikey-personalization
 484 <br>%
 485 </blockquote></p>
 486
 487 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 488 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 489
 490 <p><blockquote>
 491 % ./hw-support-lookup
 492 <br>pcmciautils
 493 <br>%
 494 </blockquote></p>
 495
 496 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 497 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 498 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 499
 500 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 501 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 502 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 503 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 504 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 505 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 506 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 507 see if it work.</p>
 508
 509 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 510 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 511 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 512 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 513 </div>
 514       <div class="tags">
 515
 516
 517         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 518
 519
 520       </div>
 521     </div>
 522     <div class="padding"></div>
 523
 524     <div class="entry">
 525       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 526       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 527       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 528 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 529 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 530 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 531 in
 532 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 533 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 534
 535 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 536
 537 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 538 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 539 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 540 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 541 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 542 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 543
 544 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 545 this shell script:</p>
 546
 547 <pre>
 548 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 549 </pre>
 550
 551 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 552 using modinfo:</p>
 553
 554 <pre>
 555 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 556 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 557 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 558 %
 559 </pre>
 560
 561 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 562
 563 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 564 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 565
 566 <p><blockquote>
 567 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 568 </blockquote></p>
 569
 570 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 571
 572 <pre>
 573  v   00008086  (vendor)
 574  d   00002770  (device)
 575  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 576  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 577  bc  06        (bus class)
 578  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 579  i   00        (interface)
 580 </pre>
 581
 582 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 583 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 584 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 585 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 586
 587 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 588 means.</p>
 589
 590 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 591
 592 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 593 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 594
 595 <p><blockquote>
 596 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 597 </blockquote></p>
 598
 599 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 600
 601 <pre>
 602  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 603  p    0001  (device product)
 604  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 605  dc     09  (device class)
 606  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 607  dp     00  (device protocol)
 608  ic     09  (interface class)
 609  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 610  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 611 </pre>
 612
 613 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 614 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 615 these alias entries show up:</p>
 616
 617 <p><blockquote>
 618 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 619 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 620 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 621 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 622 </blockquote></p>
 623
 624 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 625 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 626 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 627
 628 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 629
 630 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 631 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 632
 633 <p><blockquote>
 634 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 635 </blockquote></p>
 636
 637 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 638
 639 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 640
 641 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 642 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 643 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 644
 645 <p><blockquote>
 646 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 647 </blockquote></p>
 648
 649 <p>The values present are</p>
 650
 651 <pre>
 652  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 653  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 654  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 655  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 656  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 657  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 658  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 659  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 660  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 661  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 662  ct   10             (chassis type)
 663  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 664 </pre>
 665
 666 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 667 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 668
 669 <pre>
 670   3 Desktop
 671   4 Low Profile Desktop
 672   5 Pizza Box
 673   6 Mini Tower
 674   7 Tower
 675   8 Portable
 676   9 Laptop
 677  10 Notebook
 678  11 Hand Held
 679  12 Docking Station
 680  13 All In One
 681  14 Sub Notebook
 682  15 Space-saving
 683  16 Lunch Box
 684  17 Main Server Chassis
 685  18 Expansion Chassis
 686  19 Sub Chassis
 687  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 688  21 Peripheral Chassis
 689  22 RAID Chassis
 690  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 691  24 Sealed-case PC
 692  25 Multi-system
 693  26 CompactPCI
 694  27 AdvancedTCA
 695  28 Blade
 696  29 Blade Enclosing
 697 </pre>
 698
 699 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 700 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 701 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 702
 703 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 704
 705 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 706 test machine:</p>
 707
 708 <p><blockquote>
 709 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 710 </blockquote></p>
 711
 712 <p>The values present are</p>
 713
 714 <pre>
 715   ty  01  (type)
 716   pr  00  (prototype)
 717   id  00  (id)
 718   ex  00  (extra)
 719 </pre>
 720
 721 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 722 the valid values are.</p>
 723
 724 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 725
 726 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 727 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 728 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 729 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 730 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 731 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 732 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 733
 734 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 735
 736 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 737 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 738
 739 <pre>
 740   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 741     echo "$id" ; \
 742     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 743   done
 744 </pre>
 745
 746 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 747 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 748
 749 <pre>
 750   acpi:ACPI0003:
 751     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 752   acpi:device:
 753   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 754   acpi:IBM0068:
 755     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 756     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 757     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 758     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 759   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 760     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 761     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 762     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 763   [...]
 764 </pre>
 765
 766 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 767 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 768 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 769 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 770
 771 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 772 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 773 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 774 </div>
 775       <div class="tags">
 776
 777
 778         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 779
 780
 781       </div>
 782     </div>
 783     <div class="padding"></div>
 784
 785     <div class="entry">
 786       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 787       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 788       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 789 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 790 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 791 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 792 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 793 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 794 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 795 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 796 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 797 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 798 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 799 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 800 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 801 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 802 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 803 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 804 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 805 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 806 </div>
 807       <div class="tags">
 808
 809
 810         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 811
 812
 813       </div>
 814     </div>
 815     <div class="padding"></div>
 816
 817     <div class="entry">
 818       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 819       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 820       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 821 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 822 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 823 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 824 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 825 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 826 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 827 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 828 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 829 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 830 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 831
 832 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 833 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 834 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 835 simple:
 836
 837 <ul>
 838
 839 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 840   starting when a user log in.</li>
 841
 842 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 843   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 844
 845 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 846   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 847   packages.</li>
 848
 849 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 850   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 851
 852 </ul>
 853
 854 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 855 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 856 discover database to find packages and
 857 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 858 packages.</p>
 859
 860 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 861 draft package is now checked into
 862 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 863 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 864 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 865 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 866 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 867 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 868 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 869 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 870 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 871 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 872 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 873 because of the freeze).</p>
 874
 875 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 876 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 877 inserted):</p>
 878
 879 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 880
 881 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 882 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 883 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 884
 885 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 886 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 887 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 888 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 889 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 890 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 891 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 892
 893 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 894 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 895 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 896 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 897 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 898 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 899 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 900 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 901 not be installed?</p>
 902
 903 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 904 please send me an email. :)</p>
 905 </div>
 906       <div class="tags">
 907
 908
 909         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 910
 911
 912       </div>
 913     </div>
 914     <div class="padding"></div>
 915
 916     <div class="entry">
 917       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 918       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 919       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 920 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 921 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 922 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 923 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 924 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 925 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 926 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 927 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 928 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 929
 930 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 931 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 932 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 933 </div>
 934       <div class="tags">
 935
 936
 937         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 938
 939
 940       </div>
 941     </div>
 942     <div class="padding"></div>
 943
 944     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 945     <div id="sidebar">
 946
 947
 948
 949 <h2>Archive</h2>
 950 <ul>
 951
 952 <li>2013
 953 <ul>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 956
 957 </ul></li>
 958
 959 <li>2012
 960 <ul>
 961
 962 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 963
 964 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 965
 966 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 967
 968 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 969
 970 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 985
 986 </ul></li>
 987
 988 <li>2011
 989 <ul>
 990
 991 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 992
 993 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 994
 995 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 996
 997 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 998
 999 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1000
1001 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1002
1003 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1014
1015 </ul></li>
1016
1017 <li>2010
1018 <ul>
1019
1020 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1021
1022 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1023
1024 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1025
1026 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1027
1028 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1043
1044 </ul></li>
1045
1046 <li>2009
1047 <ul>
1048
1049 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1050
1051 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1052
1053 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1054
1055 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1056
1057 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1058
1059 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1060
1061 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1062
1063 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1064
1065 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1066
1067 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1068
1069 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1072
1073 </ul></li>
1074
1075 <li>2008
1076 <ul>
1077
1078 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1081
1082 </ul></li>
1083
1084 </ul>
1085
1086
1087
1088 <h2>Tags</h2>
1089 <ul>
1090
1091  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1092
1093  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1094
1095  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1096
1097  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1098
1099  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1186
1187 </ul>
1188
1189
1190     </div>
1191     <p style="text-align: right">
1192  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1193 </p>
1194
1195   </body>
1196 </html>