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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         22nd January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Yesterday, I
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  34 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  35 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  36 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  37 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  38 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  39 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  40 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  41 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  42 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  43 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  44 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  45 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  46
  47 <pre>
  48 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  49 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage
  50 </pre>
  51
  52 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  53 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  54 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  55 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  56
  57 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  58 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  59 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  60 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  61 word.</p>
  62
  63       </div>
  64       <div class="tags">
  65
  66
  67         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
  68
  69
  70       </div>
  71     </div>
  72     <div class="padding"></div>
  73
  74     <div class="entry">
  75       <div class="title">
  76         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  77       </div>
  78       <div class="date">
  79         21st January 2013
  80       </div>
  81       <div class="body">
  82         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  83 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  84 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  85 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  86 it, fetch the
  87 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  88 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  89 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  90 autostart script.</p>
  91
  92 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  93
  94 <ul>
  95
  96 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  97 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  98
  99 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 100 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 101 initially did.</li>
 102
 103 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 104 the APT database, a database
 105 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 106 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 107
 108 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 109 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 110 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 111 package or packages.</li>
 112
 113 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 114 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 115
 116 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 117 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 118
 119 </ul>
 120
 121 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 122 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 123 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 124 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 125
 126 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 127 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 128 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 129 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 130 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 131
 132 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 133 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 134 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 135 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 136 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 137 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 138 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 139 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 140
 141 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 142 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 143 '<tt>svn checkout
 144 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 145 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 146 devscripts package.</p>
 147
 148       </div>
 149       <div class="tags">
 150
 151
 152         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 153
 154
 155       </div>
 156     </div>
 157     <div class="padding"></div>
 158
 159     <div class="entry">
 160       <div class="title">
 161         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 162       </div>
 163       <div class="date">
 164         19th January 2013
 165       </div>
 166       <div class="body">
 167         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 168 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 169 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 170 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 171 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 172 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 173 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 174 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 175 not a durable solution.
 176
 177 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 178 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 179
 180 <ul>
 181
 182 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 183   than A4).</li>
 184 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 185 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 186 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 187 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 188 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 189 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 190 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 191 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 192 size).</li>
 193 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 194   X.org packages.</li>
 195 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 196   the time).
 197
 198 </ul>
 199
 200 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 201 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 202 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 203 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 204 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 205 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 206 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 207 still be useful.</p>
 208
 209 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 210 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 211 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 212 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 213 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 214 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 215
 216       </div>
 217       <div class="tags">
 218
 219
 220         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 221
 222
 223       </div>
 224     </div>
 225     <div class="padding"></div>
 226
 227     <div class="entry">
 228       <div class="title">
 229         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 230       </div>
 231       <div class="date">
 232         18th January 2013
 233       </div>
 234       <div class="body">
 235         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 236 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 237 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 238 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 239 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 240 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 241 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 242
 243 <pre>
 244 #!/usr/bin/python
 245 import sys
 246 import apt
 247 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 248     cache = apt.Cache()
 249     cache.open(None)
 250     thepkgs = []
 251     for pkg in cache:
 252         version = pkg.candidate
 253         if version is None:
 254             version = pkg.installed
 255         if version is None:
 256             continue
 257         record = version.record
 258         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 259             continue
 260         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 261         for t in mime_types:
 262             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 263             if t == mimetype:
 264                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 265     return thepkgs
 266 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 267 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 268     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 269 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 270 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 271     print "  %s" %pkg
 272 </pre>
 273
 274 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 275
 276 <pre>
 277 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 278 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 279   gecko-mediaplayer
 280 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 281 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 282   browser-plugin-gnash
 283 %
 284 </pre>
 285
 286 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 287 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 288 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 289 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 290
 291 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 292 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 293 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 294 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 295 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 296 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 297
 298       </div>
 299       <div class="tags">
 300
 301
 302         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 303
 304
 305       </div>
 306     </div>
 307     <div class="padding"></div>
 308
 309     <div class="entry">
 310       <div class="title">
 311         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 312       </div>
 313       <div class="date">
 314         16th January 2013
 315       </div>
 316       <div class="body">
 317         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 318 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 319 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 320 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 321 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 322 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 323 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 324 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 325
 326 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 327 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 328 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 329 can be found on the
 330 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 331 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 332 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 333 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 334 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 335
 336 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 337
 338 <pre>
 339   count MIME type
 340   ----- -----------------------
 341      32 text/plain
 342      30 audio/mpeg
 343      29 image/png
 344      28 image/jpeg
 345      27 application/ogg
 346      26 audio/x-mp3
 347      25 image/tiff
 348      25 image/gif
 349      22 image/bmp
 350      22 audio/x-wav
 351      20 audio/x-flac
 352      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 353      18 video/x-ms-asf
 354      18 audio/x-musepack
 355      18 audio/x-mpeg
 356      18 application/x-ogg
 357      17 video/mpeg
 358      17 audio/x-scpls
 359      17 audio/ogg
 360      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 361 </pre>
 362
 363 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 364
 365 <pre>
 366   count MIME type
 367   ----- -----------------------
 368      33 text/plain
 369      32 image/png
 370      32 image/jpeg
 371      29 audio/mpeg
 372      27 image/gif
 373      26 image/tiff
 374      26 application/ogg
 375      25 audio/x-mp3
 376      22 image/bmp
 377      21 audio/x-wav
 378      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 379      19 audio/x-mpeg
 380      18 video/mpeg
 381      18 audio/x-scpls
 382      18 audio/x-flac
 383      18 application/x-ogg
 384      17 video/x-ms-asf
 385      17 text/html
 386      17 audio/x-musepack
 387      16 image/x-xbitmap
 388 </pre>
 389
 390 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 391
 392 <pre>
 393   count MIME type
 394   ----- -----------------------
 395      31 text/plain
 396      31 image/png
 397      31 image/jpeg
 398      29 audio/mpeg
 399      28 application/ogg
 400      27 image/gif
 401      26 image/tiff
 402      26 audio/x-mp3
 403      23 audio/x-wav
 404      22 image/bmp
 405      21 audio/x-flac
 406      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 407      19 audio/x-mpeg
 408      18 video/x-ms-asf
 409      18 video/mpeg
 410      18 audio/x-scpls
 411      18 application/x-ogg
 412      17 audio/x-musepack
 413      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 414      16 video/x-msvideo
 415 </pre>
 416
 417 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 418 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 419 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 420 issues.</p>
 421
 422 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 423 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 424
 425       </div>
 426       <div class="tags">
 427
 428
 429         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 430
 431
 432       </div>
 433     </div>
 434     <div class="padding"></div>
 435
 436     <div class="entry">
 437       <div class="title">
 438         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 439       </div>
 440       <div class="date">
 441         15th January 2013
 442       </div>
 443       <div class="body">
 444         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 445 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 446 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 447 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 448 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 449 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 450 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 451 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 452 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 453 packages.</p>
 454
 455 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 456 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 457 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 458 modalias.</p>
 459
 460 <p><blockquote>
 461 Package: package-name
 462 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 463 </blockquote></p>
 464
 465 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 466 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 467
 468 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 469 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 470
 471 <p><blockquote>
 472 Package: cheese
 473 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 474 </blockquote></p>
 475
 476 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 477 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 478
 479 <p><blockquote>
 480 Package: pcmciautils
 481 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 482 </blockquote></p>
 483
 484 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 485 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 486
 487 <p><blockquote>
 488 Package: colorhug-client
 489 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 490 </blockquote></p>
 491
 492 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 493 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 494 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 495
 496 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 497 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 498 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 499 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 500 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 501 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 502 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 503 Raring.</p>
 504
 505 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 506 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 507 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 508 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 509 try the
 510 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 511 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 512 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 513 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 514
 515 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 516 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 517
 518 <p><blockquote>
 519 % ./hw-support-lookup
 520 <br>yubikey-personalization
 521 <br>%
 522 </blockquote></p>
 523
 524 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 525 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 526
 527 <p><blockquote>
 528 % ./hw-support-lookup
 529 <br>pcmciautils
 530 <br>%
 531 </blockquote></p>
 532
 533 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 534 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 535 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 536
 537 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 538 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 539 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 540 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 541 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 542 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 543 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 544 see if it work.</p>
 545
 546 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 547 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 548 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 549 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 550
 551       </div>
 552       <div class="tags">
 553
 554
 555         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 556
 557
 558       </div>
 559     </div>
 560     <div class="padding"></div>
 561
 562     <div class="entry">
 563       <div class="title">
 564         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 565       </div>
 566       <div class="date">
 567         14th January 2013
 568       </div>
 569       <div class="body">
 570         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 571 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 572 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 573 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 574 in
 575 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 576 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 577
 578 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 579
 580 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 581 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 582 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 583 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 584 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 585 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 586
 587 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 588 this shell script:</p>
 589
 590 <pre>
 591 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 592 </pre>
 593
 594 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 595 using modinfo:</p>
 596
 597 <pre>
 598 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 599 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 600 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 601 %
 602 </pre>
 603
 604 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 605
 606 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 607 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 608
 609 <p><blockquote>
 610 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 611 </blockquote></p>
 612
 613 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 614
 615 <pre>
 616  v   00008086  (vendor)
 617  d   00002770  (device)
 618  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 619  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 620  bc  06        (bus class)
 621  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 622  i   00        (interface)
 623 </pre>
 624
 625 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 626 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 627 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 628 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 629
 630 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 631 means.</p>
 632
 633 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 634
 635 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 636 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 637
 638 <p><blockquote>
 639 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 640 </blockquote></p>
 641
 642 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 643
 644 <pre>
 645  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 646  p    0001  (device product)
 647  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 648  dc     09  (device class)
 649  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 650  dp     00  (device protocol)
 651  ic     09  (interface class)
 652  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 653  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 654 </pre>
 655
 656 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 657 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 658 these alias entries show up:</p>
 659
 660 <p><blockquote>
 661 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 662 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 663 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 664 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 665 </blockquote></p>
 666
 667 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 668 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 669 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 670
 671 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 672
 673 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 674 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 675
 676 <p><blockquote>
 677 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 678 </blockquote></p>
 679
 680 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 681
 682 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 683
 684 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 685 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 686 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 687
 688 <p><blockquote>
 689 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 690 </blockquote></p>
 691
 692 <p>The values present are</p>
 693
 694 <pre>
 695  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 696  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 697  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 698  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 699  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 700  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 701  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 702  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 703  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 704  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 705  ct   10             (chassis type)
 706  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 707 </pre>
 708
 709 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 710 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 711
 712 <pre>
 713   3 Desktop
 714   4 Low Profile Desktop
 715   5 Pizza Box
 716   6 Mini Tower
 717   7 Tower
 718   8 Portable
 719   9 Laptop
 720  10 Notebook
 721  11 Hand Held
 722  12 Docking Station
 723  13 All In One
 724  14 Sub Notebook
 725  15 Space-saving
 726  16 Lunch Box
 727  17 Main Server Chassis
 728  18 Expansion Chassis
 729  19 Sub Chassis
 730  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 731  21 Peripheral Chassis
 732  22 RAID Chassis
 733  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 734  24 Sealed-case PC
 735  25 Multi-system
 736  26 CompactPCI
 737  27 AdvancedTCA
 738  28 Blade
 739  29 Blade Enclosing
 740 </pre>
 741
 742 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 743 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 744 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 745
 746 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 747
 748 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 749 test machine:</p>
 750
 751 <p><blockquote>
 752 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 753 </blockquote></p>
 754
 755 <p>The values present are</p>
 756
 757 <pre>
 758   ty  01  (type)
 759   pr  00  (prototype)
 760   id  00  (id)
 761   ex  00  (extra)
 762 </pre>
 763
 764 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 765 the valid values are.</p>
 766
 767 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 768
 769 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 770 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 771 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 772 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 773 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 774 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 775 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 776
 777 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 778
 779 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 780 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 781
 782 <pre>
 783   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 784     echo "$id" ; \
 785     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 786   done
 787 </pre>
 788
 789 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 790 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 791
 792 <pre>
 793   acpi:ACPI0003:
 794     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 795   acpi:device:
 796   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 797   acpi:IBM0068:
 798     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 799     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 800     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 801     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 802   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 803     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 804     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 805     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 806   [...]
 807 </pre>
 808
 809 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 810 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 811 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 812 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 813
 814 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 815 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 816 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 817
 818       </div>
 819       <div class="tags">
 820
 821
 822         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 823
 824
 825       </div>
 826     </div>
 827     <div class="padding"></div>
 828
 829     <div class="entry">
 830       <div class="title">
 831         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 832       </div>
 833       <div class="date">
 834         10th January 2013
 835       </div>
 836       <div class="body">
 837         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 838 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 839 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 840 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 841 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 842 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 843 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 844 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 845 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 846 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 847 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 848 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 849 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 850 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 851 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 852 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 853 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 854 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 855
 856       </div>
 857       <div class="tags">
 858
 859
 860         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 861
 862
 863       </div>
 864     </div>
 865     <div class="padding"></div>
 866
 867     <div class="entry">
 868       <div class="title">
 869         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 870       </div>
 871       <div class="date">
 872          9th January 2013
 873       </div>
 874       <div class="body">
 875         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 876 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 877 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 878 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 879 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 880 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 881 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 882 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 883 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 884 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 885 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 886
 887 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 888 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 889 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 890 simple:
 891
 892 <ul>
 893
 894 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 895   starting when a user log in.</li>
 896
 897 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 898   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 899
 900 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 901   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 902   packages.</li>
 903
 904 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 905   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 906
 907 </ul>
 908
 909 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 910 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 911 discover database to find packages and
 912 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 913 packages.</p>
 914
 915 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 916 draft package is now checked into
 917 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 918 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 919 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 920 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 921 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 922 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 923 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 924 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 925 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 926 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 927 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 928 because of the freeze).</p>
 929
 930 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 931 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 932 inserted):</p>
 933
 934 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 935
 936 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 937 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 938 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 939
 940 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 941 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 942 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 943 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 944 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 945 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 946 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 947
 948 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 949 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 950 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 951 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 952 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 953 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 954 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 955 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 956 not be installed?</p>
 957
 958 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 959 please send me an email. :)</p>
 960
 961       </div>
 962       <div class="tags">
 963
 964
 965         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 966
 967
 968       </div>
 969     </div>
 970     <div class="padding"></div>
 971
 972     <div class="entry">
 973       <div class="title">
 974         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 975       </div>
 976       <div class="date">
 977          2nd January 2013
 978       </div>
 979       <div class="body">
 980         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 981 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 982 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 983 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 984 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 985 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 986 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 987 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 988 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 989 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 990
 991 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 992 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 993 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 994
 995       </div>
 996       <div class="tags">
 997
 998
 999         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
1000
1001
1002       </div>
1003     </div>
1004     <div class="padding"></div>
1005
1006     <div class="entry">
1007       <div class="title">
1008         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
1009       </div>
1010       <div class="date">
1011          1st January 2013
1012       </div>
1013       <div class="body">
1014         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
1015 siste måneden.</p>
1016
1017 <ul>
1018
1019 <li>2012-12-07
1020   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
1021   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
1022   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
1023   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
1024
1025 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
1026   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
1027   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
1028   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
1029   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
1030   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
1031   håper protestene brer om seg.
1032
1033   <ul>
1034
1035   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
1036     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
1037
1038   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
1039     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
1040
1041   <li>2012-12-07
1042     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
1043     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
1044     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
1045
1046   <li>2012-12-08
1047     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
1048       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
1049
1050   </ul>
1051
1052 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
1053
1054 <li>2012-12-11
1055   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
1056
1057 <li>2012-12-21
1058   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1059   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1060   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1061
1062 <li>2012-05-03
1063   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1064   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1065   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1066   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1067   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1068
1069 <li>2012-12-14
1070   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1071   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1072
1073 <li>2012-12-18
1074   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1075   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1076
1077
1078 <li>2012-12-17
1079   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1080   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1081
1082 <li>2011-01-12
1083   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1084   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1085   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1086
1087
1088 <li>2012-12-19
1089   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1090   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1091
1092 <li>2012-12-25
1093   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1094   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1095   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1096
1097 <li>2009-05-04
1098   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1099   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1100   Olav Torvund.</li>
1101
1102 </ul>
1103
1104 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1105
1106       </div>
1107       <div class="tags">
1108
1109
1110         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1111
1112
1113       </div>
1114     </div>
1115     <div class="padding"></div>
1116
1117     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1118     <div id="sidebar">
1119
1120
1121
1122 <h2>Archive</h2>
1123 <ul>
1124
1125 <li>2013
1126 <ul>
1127
1128 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1129
1130 </ul></li>
1131
1132 <li>2012
1133 <ul>
1134
1135 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1136
1137 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1138
1139 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1140
1141 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1142
1143 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1144
1145 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1154
1155 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1156
1157 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1158
1159 </ul></li>
1160
1161 <li>2011
1162 <ul>
1163
1164 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1165
1166 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1167
1168 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1169
1170 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1171
1172 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1187
1188 </ul></li>
1189
1190 <li>2010
1191 <ul>
1192
1193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1194
1195 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1196
1197 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1198
1199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1212
1213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1214
1215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1216
1217 </ul></li>
1218
1219 <li>2009
1220 <ul>
1221
1222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1223
1224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1225
1226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1227
1228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1241
1242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1243
1244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1245
1246 </ul></li>
1247
1248 <li>2008
1249 <ul>
1250
1251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1252
1253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1254
1255 </ul></li>
1256
1257 </ul>
1258
1259
1260
1261 <h2>Tags</h2>
1262 <ul>
1263
1264  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1265
1266  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1267
1268  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1269
1270  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1271
1272  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1273
1274  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1275
1276  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1277
1278  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1279
1280  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1281
1282  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1283
1284  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1285
1286  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1287
1288  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1289
1290  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1291
1292  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1293
1294  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1295
1296  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1297
1298  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1299
1300  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1301
1302  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1303
1304  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1305
1306  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1307
1308  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1309
1310  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1311
1312  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1313
1314  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1315
1316  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1317
1318  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1319
1320  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1321
1322  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1323
1324  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1325
1326  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1327
1328  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1329
1330  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1331
1332  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1333
1334  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1335
1336  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1337
1338  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1339
1340  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1341
1342  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1343
1344  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1345
1346  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1347
1348  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1349
1350  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1351
1352  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1353
1354  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1355
1356  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1357
1358  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1359
1360 </ul>
1361
1362
1363     </div>
1364     <p style="text-align: right">
1365  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1366 </p>
1367
1368   </body>
1369 </html>