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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  27 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  28 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  29 it, fetch the
  30 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  31 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  32 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  33 autostart script.</p>
  34
  35 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  36
  37 <ul>
  38
  39 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  40 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  41
  42 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  43 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  44 initially did.</li>
  45
  46 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  47 the APT database, a database
  48 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  49 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  50
  51 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  52 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  53 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  54 package or packages.</li>
  55
  56 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
  57 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
  58
  59 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
  60 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
  61
  62 </ul>
  63
  64 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
  65 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
  66 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
  67 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
  68
  69 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
  70 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
  71 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
  72 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
  73 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
  74
  75 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
  76 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
  77 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
  78 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
  79 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
  80 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
  81 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
  82 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
  83 </div>
  84       <div class="tags">
  85
  86
  87         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
  88
  89
  90       </div>
  91     </div>
  92     <div class="padding"></div>
  93
  94     <div class="entry">
  95       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
  96       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
  97       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
  98 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
  99 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 100 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 101 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 102 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 103 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 104 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 105 not a durable solution.
 106
 107 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 108 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 109
 110 <ul>
 111
 112 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 113   than A4).</li>
 114 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 115 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 116 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 117 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 118 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 119 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 120 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 121 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 122 size).</li>
 123 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 124   X.org packages.</li>
 125 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 126   the time).
 127
 128 </ul>
 129
 130 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 131 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 132 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 133 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 134 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 135 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 136 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 137 still be useful.</p>
 138
 139 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 140 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 141 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 142 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 143 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 144 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 145 </div>
 146       <div class="tags">
 147
 148
 149         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 150
 151
 152       </div>
 153     </div>
 154     <div class="padding"></div>
 155
 156     <div class="entry">
 157       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 158       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 159       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 160 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 161 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 162 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 163 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 164 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 165 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 166
 167 <pre>
 168 #!/usr/bin/python
 169 import sys
 170 import apt
 171 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 172     cache = apt.Cache()
 173     cache.open(None)
 174     thepkgs = []
 175     for pkg in cache:
 176         version = pkg.candidate
 177         if version is None:
 178             version = pkg.installed
 179         if version is None:
 180             continue
 181         record = version.record
 182         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 183             continue
 184         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 185         for t in mime_types:
 186             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 187             if t == mimetype:
 188                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 189     return thepkgs
 190 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 191 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 192     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 193 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 194 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 195     print "  %s" %pkg
 196 </pre>
 197
 198 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 199
 200 <pre>
 201 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 202 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 203   gecko-mediaplayer
 204 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 205 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 206   browser-plugin-gnash
 207 %
 208 </pre>
 209
 210 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 211 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 212 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 213 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 214
 215 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 216 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 217 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 218 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 219 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 220 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 221 </div>
 222       <div class="tags">
 223
 224
 225         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 226
 227
 228       </div>
 229     </div>
 230     <div class="padding"></div>
 231
 232     <div class="entry">
 233       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 234       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 235       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 236 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 237 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 238 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 239 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 240 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 241 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 242 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 243
 244 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 245 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 246 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 247 can be found on the
 248 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 249 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 250 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 251 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 252 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 253
 254 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 255
 256 <pre>
 257   count MIME type
 258   ----- -----------------------
 259      32 text/plain
 260      30 audio/mpeg
 261      29 image/png
 262      28 image/jpeg
 263      27 application/ogg
 264      26 audio/x-mp3
 265      25 image/tiff
 266      25 image/gif
 267      22 image/bmp
 268      22 audio/x-wav
 269      20 audio/x-flac
 270      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 271      18 video/x-ms-asf
 272      18 audio/x-musepack
 273      18 audio/x-mpeg
 274      18 application/x-ogg
 275      17 video/mpeg
 276      17 audio/x-scpls
 277      17 audio/ogg
 278      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 279 </pre>
 280
 281 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 282
 283 <pre>
 284   count MIME type
 285   ----- -----------------------
 286      33 text/plain
 287      32 image/png
 288      32 image/jpeg
 289      29 audio/mpeg
 290      27 image/gif
 291      26 image/tiff
 292      26 application/ogg
 293      25 audio/x-mp3
 294      22 image/bmp
 295      21 audio/x-wav
 296      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 297      19 audio/x-mpeg
 298      18 video/mpeg
 299      18 audio/x-scpls
 300      18 audio/x-flac
 301      18 application/x-ogg
 302      17 video/x-ms-asf
 303      17 text/html
 304      17 audio/x-musepack
 305      16 image/x-xbitmap
 306 </pre>
 307
 308 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 309
 310 <pre>
 311   count MIME type
 312   ----- -----------------------
 313      31 text/plain
 314      31 image/png
 315      31 image/jpeg
 316      29 audio/mpeg
 317      28 application/ogg
 318      27 image/gif
 319      26 image/tiff
 320      26 audio/x-mp3
 321      23 audio/x-wav
 322      22 image/bmp
 323      21 audio/x-flac
 324      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 325      19 audio/x-mpeg
 326      18 video/x-ms-asf
 327      18 video/mpeg
 328      18 audio/x-scpls
 329      18 application/x-ogg
 330      17 audio/x-musepack
 331      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 332      16 video/x-msvideo
 333 </pre>
 334
 335 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 336 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 337 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 338 issues.</p>
 339
 340 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 341 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 342 </div>
 343       <div class="tags">
 344
 345
 346         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 347
 348
 349       </div>
 350     </div>
 351     <div class="padding"></div>
 352
 353     <div class="entry">
 354       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 355       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 356       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 357 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 358 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 359 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 360 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 361 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 362 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 363 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 364 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 365 packages.</p>
 366
 367 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 368 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 369 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 370 modalias.</p>
 371
 372 <p><blockquote>
 373 Package: package-name
 374 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 375 </blockquote></p>
 376
 377 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 378 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 379
 380 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 381 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 382
 383 <p><blockquote>
 384 Package: cheese
 385 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 386 </blockquote></p>
 387
 388 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 389 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 390
 391 <p><blockquote>
 392 Package: pcmciautils
 393 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 394 </blockquote></p>
 395
 396 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 397 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 398
 399 <p><blockquote>
 400 Package: colorhug-client
 401 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 402 </blockquote></p>
 403
 404 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 405 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 406 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 407
 408 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 409 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 410 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 411 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 412 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 413 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 414 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 415 Raring.</p>
 416
 417 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 418 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 419 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 420 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 421 try the
 422 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 423 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 424 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 425 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 426
 427 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 428 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 429
 430 <p><blockquote>
 431 % ./hw-support-lookup
 432 <br>yubikey-personalization
 433 <br>%
 434 </blockquote></p>
 435
 436 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 437 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 438
 439 <p><blockquote>
 440 % ./hw-support-lookup
 441 <br>pcmciautils
 442 <br>%
 443 </blockquote></p>
 444
 445 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 446 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 447 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 448
 449 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 450 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 451 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 452 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 453 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 454 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 455 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 456 see if it work.</p>
 457
 458 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 459 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 460 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 461 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 462 </div>
 463       <div class="tags">
 464
 465
 466         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 467
 468
 469       </div>
 470     </div>
 471     <div class="padding"></div>
 472
 473     <div class="entry">
 474       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 475       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 476       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 477 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 478 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 479 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 480 in
 481 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 482 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 483
 484 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 485
 486 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 487 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 488 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 489 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 490 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 491 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 492
 493 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 494 this shell script:</p>
 495
 496 <pre>
 497 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 498 </pre>
 499
 500 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 501 using modinfo:</p>
 502
 503 <pre>
 504 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 505 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 506 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 507 %
 508 </pre>
 509
 510 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 511
 512 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 513 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 514
 515 <p><blockquote>
 516 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 517 </blockquote></p>
 518
 519 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 520
 521 <pre>
 522  v   00008086  (vendor)
 523  d   00002770  (device)
 524  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 525  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 526  bc  06        (bus class)
 527  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 528  i   00        (interface)
 529 </pre>
 530
 531 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 532 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 533 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 534 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 535
 536 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 537 means.</p>
 538
 539 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 540
 541 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 542 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 543
 544 <p><blockquote>
 545 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 546 </blockquote></p>
 547
 548 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 549
 550 <pre>
 551  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 552  p    0001  (device product)
 553  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 554  dc     09  (device class)
 555  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 556  dp     00  (device protocol)
 557  ic     09  (interface class)
 558  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 559  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 560 </pre>
 561
 562 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 563 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 564 these alias entries show up:</p>
 565
 566 <p><blockquote>
 567 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 568 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 569 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 570 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 571 </blockquote></p>
 572
 573 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 574 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 575 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 576
 577 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 578
 579 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 580 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 581
 582 <p><blockquote>
 583 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 584 </blockquote></p>
 585
 586 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 587
 588 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 589
 590 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 591 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 592 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 593
 594 <p><blockquote>
 595 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 596 </blockquote></p>
 597
 598 <p>The values present are</p>
 599
 600 <pre>
 601  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 602  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 603  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 604  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 605  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 606  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 607  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 608  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 609  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 610  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 611  ct   10             (chassis type)
 612  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 613 </pre>
 614
 615 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 616 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 617
 618 <pre>
 619   3 Desktop
 620   4 Low Profile Desktop
 621   5 Pizza Box
 622   6 Mini Tower
 623   7 Tower
 624   8 Portable
 625   9 Laptop
 626  10 Notebook
 627  11 Hand Held
 628  12 Docking Station
 629  13 All In One
 630  14 Sub Notebook
 631  15 Space-saving
 632  16 Lunch Box
 633  17 Main Server Chassis
 634  18 Expansion Chassis
 635  19 Sub Chassis
 636  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 637  21 Peripheral Chassis
 638  22 RAID Chassis
 639  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 640  24 Sealed-case PC
 641  25 Multi-system
 642  26 CompactPCI
 643  27 AdvancedTCA
 644  28 Blade
 645  29 Blade Enclosing
 646 </pre>
 647
 648 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 649 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 650 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 651
 652 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 653
 654 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 655 test machine:</p>
 656
 657 <p><blockquote>
 658 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 659 </blockquote></p>
 660
 661 <p>The values present are</p>
 662
 663 <pre>
 664   ty  01  (type)
 665   pr  00  (prototype)
 666   id  00  (id)
 667   ex  00  (extra)
 668 </pre>
 669
 670 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 671 the valid values are.</p>
 672
 673 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 674
 675 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 676 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 677 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 678 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 679 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 680 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 681 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 682
 683 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 684
 685 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 686 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 687
 688 <pre>
 689   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 690     echo "$id" ; \
 691     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 692   done
 693 </pre>
 694
 695 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 696 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 697
 698 <pre>
 699   acpi:ACPI0003:
 700     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 701   acpi:device:
 702   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 703   acpi:IBM0068:
 704     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 705     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 706     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 707     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 708   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 709     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 710     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 711     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 712   [...]
 713 </pre>
 714
 715 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 716 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 717 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 718 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 719
 720 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 721 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 722 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 723 </div>
 724       <div class="tags">
 725
 726
 727         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 728
 729
 730       </div>
 731     </div>
 732     <div class="padding"></div>
 733
 734     <div class="entry">
 735       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 736       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 737       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 738 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 739 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 740 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 741 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 742 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 743 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 744 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 745 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 746 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 747 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 748 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 749 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 750 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 751 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 752 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 753 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 754 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 755 </div>
 756       <div class="tags">
 757
 758
 759         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 760
 761
 762       </div>
 763     </div>
 764     <div class="padding"></div>
 765
 766     <div class="entry">
 767       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 768       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 769       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 770 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 771 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 772 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 773 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 774 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 775 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 776 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 777 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 778 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 779 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 780
 781 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 782 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 783 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 784 simple:
 785
 786 <ul>
 787
 788 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 789   starting when a user log in.</li>
 790
 791 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 792   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 793
 794 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 795   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 796   packages.</li>
 797
 798 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 799   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 800
 801 </ul>
 802
 803 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 804 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 805 discover database to find packages and
 806 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 807 packages.</p>
 808
 809 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 810 draft package is now checked into
 811 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 812 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 813 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 814 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 815 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 816 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 817 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 818 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 819 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 820 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 821 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 822 because of the freeze).</p>
 823
 824 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 825 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 826 inserted):</p>
 827
 828 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 829
 830 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 831 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 832 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 833
 834 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 835 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 836 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 837 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 838 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 839 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 840 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 841
 842 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 843 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 844 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 845 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 846 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 847 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 848 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 849 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 850 not be installed?</p>
 851
 852 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 853 please send me an email. :)</p>
 854 </div>
 855       <div class="tags">
 856
 857
 858         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 859
 860
 861       </div>
 862     </div>
 863     <div class="padding"></div>
 864
 865     <div class="entry">
 866       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 867       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 868       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 869 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 870 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 871 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 872 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 873 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 874 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 875 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 876 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 877 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 878
 879 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 880 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 881 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 882 </div>
 883       <div class="tags">
 884
 885
 886         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 887
 888
 889       </div>
 890     </div>
 891     <div class="padding"></div>
 892
 893     <div class="entry">
 894       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a></div>
 895       <div class="date"> 1st January 2013</div>
 896       <div class="body"><p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
 897 siste måneden.</p>
 898
 899 <ul>
 900
 901 <li>2012-12-07
 902   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
 903   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
 904   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
 905   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
 906
 907 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
 908   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
 909   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
 910   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
 911   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
 912   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
 913   håper protestene brer om seg.
 914
 915   <ul>
 916
 917   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
 918     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
 919
 920   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
 921     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
 922
 923   <li>2012-12-07
 924     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
 925     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
 926     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
 927
 928   <li>2012-12-08
 929     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
 930       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
 931
 932   </ul>
 933
 934 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
 935
 936 <li>2012-12-11
 937   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
 938
 939 <li>2012-12-21
 940   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
 941   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
 942   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
 943
 944 <li>2012-05-03
 945   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
 946   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
 947   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
 948   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
 949   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
 950
 951 <li>2012-12-14
 952   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
 953   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
 954
 955 <li>2012-12-18
 956   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
 957   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
 958
 959
 960 <li>2012-12-17
 961   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
 962   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
 963
 964 <li>2011-01-12
 965   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
 966   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
 967   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
 968
 969
 970 <li>2012-12-19
 971   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
 972   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
 973
 974 <li>2012-12-25
 975   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
 976   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
 977   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
 978
 979 <li>2009-05-04
 980   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
 981   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
 982   Olav Torvund.</li>
 983
 984 </ul>
 985
 986 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
 987 </div>
 988       <div class="tags">
 989
 990
 991         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
 992
 993
 994       </div>
 995     </div>
 996     <div class="padding"></div>
 997
 998     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 999     <div id="sidebar">
1000
1001
1002
1003 <h2>Archive</h2>
1004 <ul>
1005
1006 <li>2013
1007 <ul>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (10)</a></li>
1010
1011 </ul></li>
1012
1013 <li>2012
1014 <ul>
1015
1016 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1019
1020 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1021
1022 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1023
1024 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1025
1026 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1027
1028 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1039
1040 </ul></li>
1041
1042 <li>2011
1043 <ul>
1044
1045 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1048
1049 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1050
1051 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1052
1053 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1054
1055 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1056
1057 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1058
1059 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1060
1061 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1062
1063 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1064
1065 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1066
1067 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1068
1069 </ul></li>
1070
1071 <li>2010
1072 <ul>
1073
1074 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1075
1076 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1077
1078 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1081
1082 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1083
1084 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1085
1086 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1087
1088 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1089
1090 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1091
1092 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1093
1094 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1095
1096 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1097
1098 </ul></li>
1099
1100 <li>2009
1101 <ul>
1102
1103 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1104
1105 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1106
1107 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1108
1109 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1110
1111 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1112
1113 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1114
1115 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1116
1117 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1118
1119 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1120
1121 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1122
1123 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1124
1125 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1126
1127 </ul></li>
1128
1129 <li>2008
1130 <ul>
1131
1132 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1133
1134 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1135
1136 </ul></li>
1137
1138 </ul>
1139
1140
1141
1142 <h2>Tags</h2>
1143 <ul>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (68)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (174)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1198
1199  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1200
1201  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1202
1203  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1204
1205  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1206
1207  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1218
1219  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1220
1221  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1222
1223  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1224
1225  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1226
1227  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1228
1229  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1230
1231  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1232
1233  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1234
1235  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1236
1237  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1238
1239  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1240
1241 </ul>
1242
1243
1244     </div>
1245     <p style="text-align: right">
1246  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1247 </p>
1248
1249   </body>
1250 </html>