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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         21st January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  34 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  35 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  36 it, fetch the
  37 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  38 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  39 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  40 autostart script.</p>
  41
  42 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  43
  44 <ul>
  45
  46 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  47 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  48
  49 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  50 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  51 initially did.</li>
  52
  53 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  54 the APT database, a database
  55 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  56 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  57
  58 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  59 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  60 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  61 package or packages.</li>
  62
  63 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
  64 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
  65
  66 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
  67 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
  68
  69 </ul>
  70
  71 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
  72 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
  73 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
  74 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
  75
  76 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
  77 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
  78 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
  79 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
  80 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
  81
  82 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
  83 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
  84 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
  85 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
  86 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
  87 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
  88 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
  89 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
  90
  91       </div>
  92       <div class="tags">
  93
  94
  95         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
  96
  97
  98       </div>
  99     </div>
 100     <div class="padding"></div>
 101
 102     <div class="entry">
 103       <div class="title">
 104         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 105       </div>
 106       <div class="date">
 107         19th January 2013
 108       </div>
 109       <div class="body">
 110         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 111 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 112 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 113 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 114 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 115 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 116 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 117 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 118 not a durable solution.
 119
 120 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 121 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 122
 123 <ul>
 124
 125 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 126   than A4).</li>
 127 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 128 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 129 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 130 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 131 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 132 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 133 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 134 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 135 size).</li>
 136 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 137   X.org packages.</li>
 138 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 139   the time).
 140
 141 </ul>
 142
 143 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 144 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 145 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 146 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 147 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 148 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 149 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 150 still be useful.</p>
 151
 152 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 153 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 154 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 155 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 156 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 157 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 158
 159       </div>
 160       <div class="tags">
 161
 162
 163         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 164
 165
 166       </div>
 167     </div>
 168     <div class="padding"></div>
 169
 170     <div class="entry">
 171       <div class="title">
 172         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 173       </div>
 174       <div class="date">
 175         18th January 2013
 176       </div>
 177       <div class="body">
 178         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 179 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 180 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 181 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 182 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 183 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 184 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 185
 186 <pre>
 187 #!/usr/bin/python
 188 import sys
 189 import apt
 190 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 191     cache = apt.Cache()
 192     cache.open(None)
 193     thepkgs = []
 194     for pkg in cache:
 195         version = pkg.candidate
 196         if version is None:
 197             version = pkg.installed
 198         if version is None:
 199             continue
 200         record = version.record
 201         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 202             continue
 203         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 204         for t in mime_types:
 205             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 206             if t == mimetype:
 207                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 208     return thepkgs
 209 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 210 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 211     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 212 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 213 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 214     print "  %s" %pkg
 215 </pre>
 216
 217 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 218
 219 <pre>
 220 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 221 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 222   gecko-mediaplayer
 223 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 224 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 225   browser-plugin-gnash
 226 %
 227 </pre>
 228
 229 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 230 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 231 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 232 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 233
 234 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 235 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 236 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 237 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 238 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 239 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 240
 241       </div>
 242       <div class="tags">
 243
 244
 245         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 246
 247
 248       </div>
 249     </div>
 250     <div class="padding"></div>
 251
 252     <div class="entry">
 253       <div class="title">
 254         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 255       </div>
 256       <div class="date">
 257         16th January 2013
 258       </div>
 259       <div class="body">
 260         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 261 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 262 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 263 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 264 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 265 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 266 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 267 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 268
 269 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 270 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 271 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 272 can be found on the
 273 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 274 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 275 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 276 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 277 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 278
 279 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 280
 281 <pre>
 282   count MIME type
 283   ----- -----------------------
 284      32 text/plain
 285      30 audio/mpeg
 286      29 image/png
 287      28 image/jpeg
 288      27 application/ogg
 289      26 audio/x-mp3
 290      25 image/tiff
 291      25 image/gif
 292      22 image/bmp
 293      22 audio/x-wav
 294      20 audio/x-flac
 295      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 296      18 video/x-ms-asf
 297      18 audio/x-musepack
 298      18 audio/x-mpeg
 299      18 application/x-ogg
 300      17 video/mpeg
 301      17 audio/x-scpls
 302      17 audio/ogg
 303      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 304 </pre>
 305
 306 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 307
 308 <pre>
 309   count MIME type
 310   ----- -----------------------
 311      33 text/plain
 312      32 image/png
 313      32 image/jpeg
 314      29 audio/mpeg
 315      27 image/gif
 316      26 image/tiff
 317      26 application/ogg
 318      25 audio/x-mp3
 319      22 image/bmp
 320      21 audio/x-wav
 321      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 322      19 audio/x-mpeg
 323      18 video/mpeg
 324      18 audio/x-scpls
 325      18 audio/x-flac
 326      18 application/x-ogg
 327      17 video/x-ms-asf
 328      17 text/html
 329      17 audio/x-musepack
 330      16 image/x-xbitmap
 331 </pre>
 332
 333 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 334
 335 <pre>
 336   count MIME type
 337   ----- -----------------------
 338      31 text/plain
 339      31 image/png
 340      31 image/jpeg
 341      29 audio/mpeg
 342      28 application/ogg
 343      27 image/gif
 344      26 image/tiff
 345      26 audio/x-mp3
 346      23 audio/x-wav
 347      22 image/bmp
 348      21 audio/x-flac
 349      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 350      19 audio/x-mpeg
 351      18 video/x-ms-asf
 352      18 video/mpeg
 353      18 audio/x-scpls
 354      18 application/x-ogg
 355      17 audio/x-musepack
 356      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 357      16 video/x-msvideo
 358 </pre>
 359
 360 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 361 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 362 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 363 issues.</p>
 364
 365 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 366 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 367
 368       </div>
 369       <div class="tags">
 370
 371
 372         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 373
 374
 375       </div>
 376     </div>
 377     <div class="padding"></div>
 378
 379     <div class="entry">
 380       <div class="title">
 381         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 382       </div>
 383       <div class="date">
 384         15th January 2013
 385       </div>
 386       <div class="body">
 387         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 388 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 389 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 390 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 391 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 392 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 393 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 394 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 395 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 396 packages.</p>
 397
 398 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 399 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 400 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 401 modalias.</p>
 402
 403 <p><blockquote>
 404 Package: package-name
 405 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 406 </blockquote></p>
 407
 408 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 409 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 410
 411 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 412 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 413
 414 <p><blockquote>
 415 Package: cheese
 416 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 417 </blockquote></p>
 418
 419 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 420 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 421
 422 <p><blockquote>
 423 Package: pcmciautils
 424 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 425 </blockquote></p>
 426
 427 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 428 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 429
 430 <p><blockquote>
 431 Package: colorhug-client
 432 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 433 </blockquote></p>
 434
 435 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 436 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 437 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 438
 439 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 440 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 441 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 442 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 443 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 444 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 445 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 446 Raring.</p>
 447
 448 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 449 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 450 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 451 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 452 try the
 453 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 454 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 455 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 456 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 457
 458 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 459 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 460
 461 <p><blockquote>
 462 % ./hw-support-lookup
 463 <br>yubikey-personalization
 464 <br>%
 465 </blockquote></p>
 466
 467 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 468 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 469
 470 <p><blockquote>
 471 % ./hw-support-lookup
 472 <br>pcmciautils
 473 <br>%
 474 </blockquote></p>
 475
 476 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 477 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 478 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 479
 480 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 481 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 482 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 483 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 484 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 485 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 486 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 487 see if it work.</p>
 488
 489 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 490 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 491 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 492 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 493
 494       </div>
 495       <div class="tags">
 496
 497
 498         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 499
 500
 501       </div>
 502     </div>
 503     <div class="padding"></div>
 504
 505     <div class="entry">
 506       <div class="title">
 507         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 508       </div>
 509       <div class="date">
 510         14th January 2013
 511       </div>
 512       <div class="body">
 513         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 514 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 515 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 516 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 517 in
 518 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 519 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 520
 521 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 522
 523 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 524 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 525 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 526 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 527 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 528 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 529
 530 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 531 this shell script:</p>
 532
 533 <pre>
 534 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 535 </pre>
 536
 537 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 538 using modinfo:</p>
 539
 540 <pre>
 541 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 542 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 543 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 544 %
 545 </pre>
 546
 547 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 548
 549 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 550 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 551
 552 <p><blockquote>
 553 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 554 </blockquote></p>
 555
 556 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 557
 558 <pre>
 559  v   00008086  (vendor)
 560  d   00002770  (device)
 561  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 562  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 563  bc  06        (bus class)
 564  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 565  i   00        (interface)
 566 </pre>
 567
 568 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 569 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 570 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 571 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 572
 573 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 574 means.</p>
 575
 576 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 577
 578 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 579 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 580
 581 <p><blockquote>
 582 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 583 </blockquote></p>
 584
 585 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 586
 587 <pre>
 588  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 589  p    0001  (device product)
 590  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 591  dc     09  (device class)
 592  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 593  dp     00  (device protocol)
 594  ic     09  (interface class)
 595  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 596  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 597 </pre>
 598
 599 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 600 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 601 these alias entries show up:</p>
 602
 603 <p><blockquote>
 604 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 605 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 606 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 607 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 608 </blockquote></p>
 609
 610 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 611 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 612 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 613
 614 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 615
 616 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 617 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 618
 619 <p><blockquote>
 620 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 621 </blockquote></p>
 622
 623 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 624
 625 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 626
 627 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 628 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 629 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 630
 631 <p><blockquote>
 632 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 633 </blockquote></p>
 634
 635 <p>The values present are</p>
 636
 637 <pre>
 638  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 639  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 640  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 641  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 642  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 643  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 644  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 645  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 646  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 647  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 648  ct   10             (chassis type)
 649  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 650 </pre>
 651
 652 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 653 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 654
 655 <pre>
 656   3 Desktop
 657   4 Low Profile Desktop
 658   5 Pizza Box
 659   6 Mini Tower
 660   7 Tower
 661   8 Portable
 662   9 Laptop
 663  10 Notebook
 664  11 Hand Held
 665  12 Docking Station
 666  13 All In One
 667  14 Sub Notebook
 668  15 Space-saving
 669  16 Lunch Box
 670  17 Main Server Chassis
 671  18 Expansion Chassis
 672  19 Sub Chassis
 673  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 674  21 Peripheral Chassis
 675  22 RAID Chassis
 676  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 677  24 Sealed-case PC
 678  25 Multi-system
 679  26 CompactPCI
 680  27 AdvancedTCA
 681  28 Blade
 682  29 Blade Enclosing
 683 </pre>
 684
 685 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 686 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 687 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 688
 689 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 690
 691 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 692 test machine:</p>
 693
 694 <p><blockquote>
 695 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 696 </blockquote></p>
 697
 698 <p>The values present are</p>
 699
 700 <pre>
 701   ty  01  (type)
 702   pr  00  (prototype)
 703   id  00  (id)
 704   ex  00  (extra)
 705 </pre>
 706
 707 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 708 the valid values are.</p>
 709
 710 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 711
 712 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 713 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 714 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 715 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 716 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 717 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 718 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 719
 720 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 721
 722 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 723 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 724
 725 <pre>
 726   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 727     echo "$id" ; \
 728     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 729   done
 730 </pre>
 731
 732 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 733 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 734
 735 <pre>
 736   acpi:ACPI0003:
 737     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 738   acpi:device:
 739   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 740   acpi:IBM0068:
 741     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 742     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 743     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 744     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 745   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 746     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 747     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 748     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 749   [...]
 750 </pre>
 751
 752 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 753 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 754 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 755 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 756
 757 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 758 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 759 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 760
 761       </div>
 762       <div class="tags">
 763
 764
 765         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 766
 767
 768       </div>
 769     </div>
 770     <div class="padding"></div>
 771
 772     <div class="entry">
 773       <div class="title">
 774         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 775       </div>
 776       <div class="date">
 777         10th January 2013
 778       </div>
 779       <div class="body">
 780         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 781 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 782 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 783 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 784 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 785 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 786 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 787 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 788 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 789 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 790 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 791 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 792 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 793 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 794 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 795 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 796 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 797 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 798
 799       </div>
 800       <div class="tags">
 801
 802
 803         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 804
 805
 806       </div>
 807     </div>
 808     <div class="padding"></div>
 809
 810     <div class="entry">
 811       <div class="title">
 812         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 813       </div>
 814       <div class="date">
 815          9th January 2013
 816       </div>
 817       <div class="body">
 818         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 819 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 820 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 821 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 822 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 823 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 824 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 825 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 826 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 827 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 828 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 829
 830 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 831 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 832 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 833 simple:
 834
 835 <ul>
 836
 837 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 838   starting when a user log in.</li>
 839
 840 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 841   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 842
 843 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 844   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 845   packages.</li>
 846
 847 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 848   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 849
 850 </ul>
 851
 852 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 853 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 854 discover database to find packages and
 855 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 856 packages.</p>
 857
 858 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 859 draft package is now checked into
 860 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 861 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 862 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 863 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 864 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 865 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 866 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 867 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 868 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 869 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 870 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 871 because of the freeze).</p>
 872
 873 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 874 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 875 inserted):</p>
 876
 877 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 878
 879 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 880 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 881 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 882
 883 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 884 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 885 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 886 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 887 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 888 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 889 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 890
 891 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 892 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 893 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 894 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 895 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 896 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 897 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 898 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 899 not be installed?</p>
 900
 901 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 902 please send me an email. :)</p>
 903
 904       </div>
 905       <div class="tags">
 906
 907
 908         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 909
 910
 911       </div>
 912     </div>
 913     <div class="padding"></div>
 914
 915     <div class="entry">
 916       <div class="title">
 917         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 918       </div>
 919       <div class="date">
 920          2nd January 2013
 921       </div>
 922       <div class="body">
 923         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 924 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 925 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 926 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 927 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 928 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 929 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 930 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 931 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 932 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 933
 934 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 935 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 936 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 937
 938       </div>
 939       <div class="tags">
 940
 941
 942         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 943
 944
 945       </div>
 946     </div>
 947     <div class="padding"></div>
 948
 949     <div class="entry">
 950       <div class="title">
 951         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
 952       </div>
 953       <div class="date">
 954          1st January 2013
 955       </div>
 956       <div class="body">
 957         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
 958 siste måneden.</p>
 959
 960 <ul>
 961
 962 <li>2012-12-07
 963   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
 964   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
 965   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
 966   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
 967
 968 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
 969   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
 970   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
 971   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
 972   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
 973   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
 974   håper protestene brer om seg.
 975
 976   <ul>
 977
 978   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
 979     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
 980
 981   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
 982     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
 983
 984   <li>2012-12-07
 985     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
 986     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
 987     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
 988
 989   <li>2012-12-08
 990     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
 991       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
 992
 993   </ul>
 994
 995 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
 996
 997 <li>2012-12-11
 998   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
 999
1000 <li>2012-12-21
1001   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1002   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1003   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1004
1005 <li>2012-05-03
1006   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1007   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1008   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1009   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1010   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1011
1012 <li>2012-12-14
1013   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1014   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1015
1016 <li>2012-12-18
1017   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1018   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1019
1020
1021 <li>2012-12-17
1022   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1023   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1024
1025 <li>2011-01-12
1026   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1027   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1028   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1029
1030
1031 <li>2012-12-19
1032   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1033   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1034
1035 <li>2012-12-25
1036   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1037   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1038   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1039
1040 <li>2009-05-04
1041   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1042   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1043   Olav Torvund.</li>
1044
1045 </ul>
1046
1047 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1048
1049       </div>
1050       <div class="tags">
1051
1052
1053         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1054
1055
1056       </div>
1057     </div>
1058     <div class="padding"></div>
1059
1060     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1061     <div id="sidebar">
1062
1063
1064
1065 <h2>Archive</h2>
1066 <ul>
1067
1068 <li>2013
1069 <ul>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (10)</a></li>
1072
1073 </ul></li>
1074
1075 <li>2012
1076 <ul>
1077
1078 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1081
1082 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1083
1084 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1085
1086 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1087
1088 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1089
1090 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1091
1092 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1093
1094 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1095
1096 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1097
1098 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1099
1100 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1101
1102 </ul></li>
1103
1104 <li>2011
1105 <ul>
1106
1107 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1108
1109 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1110
1111 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1112
1113 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1114
1115 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1116
1117 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1118
1119 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1120
1121 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1122
1123 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1124
1125 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1126
1127 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1128
1129 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1130
1131 </ul></li>
1132
1133 <li>2010
1134 <ul>
1135
1136 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1137
1138 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1139
1140 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1141
1142 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1143
1144 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1145
1146 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1147
1148 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1149
1150 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1151
1152 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1153
1154 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1155
1156 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1157
1158 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1159
1160 </ul></li>
1161
1162 <li>2009
1163 <ul>
1164
1165 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1166
1167 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1168
1169 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1170
1171 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1172
1173 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1174
1175 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1176
1177 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1178
1179 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1180
1181 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1182
1183 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1184
1185 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1186
1187 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1188
1189 </ul></li>
1190
1191 <li>2008
1192 <ul>
1193
1194 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1195
1196 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1197
1198 </ul></li>
1199
1200 </ul>
1201
1202
1203
1204 <h2>Tags</h2>
1205 <ul>
1206
1207  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1218
1219  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1220
1221  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (68)</a></li>
1222
1223  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1224
1225  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1226
1227  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1228
1229  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1230
1231  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (174)</a></li>
1232
1233  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1234
1235  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1236
1237  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1238
1239  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1240
1241  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1242
1243  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1244
1245  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1246
1247  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1248
1249  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1250
1251  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1252
1253  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1254
1255  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1256
1257  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1258
1259  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1260
1261  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1262
1263  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1264
1265  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1266
1267  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1268
1269  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1270
1271  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1272
1273  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1274
1275  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1276
1277  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1278
1279  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1280
1281  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1282
1283  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1284
1285  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1286
1287  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1288
1289  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1290
1291  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1292
1293  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1294
1295  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1296
1297  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1298
1299  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1300
1301  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1302
1303 </ul>
1304
1305
1306     </div>
1307     <p style="text-align: right">
1308  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1309 </p>
1310
1311   </body>
1312 </html>