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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from April 2023.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speech_to_text__she_APTly_whispered__how_hard_can_it_be_.html">Speech to text, she APTly whispered, how hard can it be?</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         23rd April 2023
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>While visiting a convention during Easter, it occurred to me that
  33 it would be great if I could have a digital Dictaphone with
  34 transcribing capabilities, providing me with texts to cut-n-paste into
  35 stuff I need to write.  The background is that long drives often bring
  36 up the urge to write on texts I am working on, which of course is out
  37 of the question while driving.  With the release of
  38 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/">OpenAI Whisper</a>, this
  39 seem to be within reach with Free Software, so I decided to give it a
  40 go.  OpenAI Whisper is a Linux based neural network system to read in
  41 audio files and provide text representation of the speech in that
  42 audio recording.  It handle multiple languages and according to its
  43 creators even can translate into a different language than the spoken
  44 one.  I have not tested the latter feature.  It can either use the CPU
  45 or a GPU with CUDA support.  As far as I can tell, CUDA in practice
  46 limit that feature to NVidia graphics cards.  I have few of those, as
  47 they do not work great with free software drivers, and have not tested
  48 the GPU option.  While looking into the matter, I did discover some
  49 work to provide CUDA support on non-NVidia GPUs, and some work with
  50 the library used by Whisper to port it to other GPUs, but have not
  51 spent much time looking into GPU support yet.  I've so far used an old
  52 X220 laptop as my test machine, and only transcribed using its
  53 CPU.</p>
  54
  55 <p>As it from a privacy standpoint is unthinkable to use computers
  56 under control of someone else (aka a "cloud" service) to transcribe
  57 ones thoughts and personal notes, I want to run the transcribing
  58 system locally on my own computers.  The only sensible approach to me
  59 is to make the effort I put into this available for any Linux user and
  60 to upload the needed packages into Debian.  Looking at Debian Bookworm, I
  61 discovered that only three packages were missing,
  62 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034307">tiktoken</a>,
  63 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034144">triton</a>, and
  64 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034091">openai-whisper</a>.  For a while
  65 I also believed
  66 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034286">ffmpeg-python</a> was
  67 needed, but as its
  68 <a href="https://github.com/kkroening/ffmpeg-python/issues/760">upstream
  69 seem to have vanished</a> I found it safer
  70 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1242">to rewrite
  71 whisper</a> to stop depending on in than to introduce ffmpeg-python
  72 into Debian.  I decided to place these packages under the umbrella of
  73 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team">the Debian Deep
  74 Learning Team</a>, which seem like the best team to look after such
  75 packages.  Discussing the topic within the group also made me aware
  76 that the triton package was already a future dependency of newer
  77 versions of the torch package being planned, and would be needed after
  78 Bookworm is released.</p>
  79
  80 <p>All required code packages have been now waiting in
  81 <a href="https://ftp-master.debian.org/new.html">the Debian NEW
  82 queue</a> since Wednesday, heading for Debian Experimental until
  83 Bookworm is released.  An unsolved issue is how to handle the neural
  84 network models used by Whisper.  The default behaviour of Whisper is
  85 to require Internet connectivity and download the model requested to
  86 <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt> on first invocation.  This obviously would
  87 fail <a href="https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html">the
  88 deserted island test of free software</a> as the Debian packages would
  89 be unusable for someone stranded with only the Debian archive and solar
  90 powered computer on a deserted island.</p>
  91
  92 <p>Because of this, I would love to include the models in the Debian
  93 mirror system.  This is problematic, as the models are very large
  94 files, which would put a heavy strain on the Debian mirror
  95 infrastructure around the globe.  The strain would be even higher if
  96 the models change often, which luckily as far as I can tell they do
  97 not.  The small model, which according to its creator is most useful
  98 for English and in my experience is not doing a great job there
  99 either, is 462 MiB (deb is 414 MiB).  The medium model, which to me
 100 seem to handle English speech fairly well is 1.5 GiB (deb is 1.3 GiB)
 101 and the large model is 2.9 GiB (deb is 2.6 GiB).  I would assume
 102 everyone with enough resources would prefer to use the large model for
 103 highest quality.  I believe the models themselves would have to go
 104 into the non-free part of the Debian archive, as they are not really
 105 including any useful source code for updating the models.  The
 106 "source", aka the model training set, according to the creators
 107 consist of "680,000 hours of multilingual and multitask supervised
 108 data collected from the web", which to me reads material with both
 109 unknown copyright terms, unavailable to the general public.  In other
 110 words, the source is not available according to the Debian Free
 111 Software Guidelines and the model should be considered non-free.</p>
 112
 113 <p>I asked the Debian FTP masters for advice regarding uploading a
 114 model package on their IRC channel, and based on the feedback there it
 115 is still unclear to me if such package would be accepted into the
 116 archive.  In any case I wrote build rules for a
 117 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team/openai-whisper-model">OpenAI
 118 Whisper model package</a> and
 119 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1257">modified the
 120 Whisper code base</a> to prefer shared files under <tt>/usr/</tt> and
 121 <tt>/var/</tt> over user specific files in <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt>
 122 to be able to use these model packages, to prepare for such
 123 possibility.  One solution might be to include only one of the models
 124 (small or medium, I guess) in the Debian archive, and ask people to
 125 download the others from the Internet.  Not quite sure what to do
 126 here, and advice is most welcome (use the debian-ai mailing list).</p>
 127
 128 <p>To make it easier to test the new packages while I wait for them to
 129 clear the NEW queue, I created an APT source targeting bookworm.  I
 130 selected Bookworm instead of Bullseye, even though I know the latter
 131 would reach more users, is that some of the required dependencies are
 132 missing from Bullseye and I during this phase of testing did not want
 133 to backport a lot of packages just to get up and running.</p>
 134
 135 <p>Here is a recipe to run as user root if you want to test OpenAI
 136 Whisper using Debian packages on your Debian Bookworm installation,
 137 first adding the APT repository GPG key to the list of trusted keys,
 138 then setting up the APT repository and finally installing the packages
 139 and one of the models:</p>
 140
 141 <p><pre>
 142 curl https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/D78F5C4796F353D211B119E28200D9B589641240.asc \
 143   -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/pere-whisper.asc
 144 mkdir -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d
 145 cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pere-whisper.list &lt;&lt;EOF
 146 deb https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 147 deb-src https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 148 EOF
 149 apt update
 150 apt install openai-whisper
 151 </pre></p>
 152
 153 <p>The package work for me, but have not yet been tested on any other
 154 computer than my own.  With it, I have been able to (badly) transcribe
 155 a 2 minute 40 second Norwegian audio clip to test using the small
 156 model.  This took 11 minutes and around 2.2 GiB of RAM.  Transcribing
 157 the same file with the medium model gave a accurate text in 77 minutes
 158 using around 5.2 GiB of RAM.  My test machine had too little memory to
 159 test the large model, which I believe require 11 GiB of RAM.  In
 160 short, this now work for me using Debian packages, and I hope it will
 161 for you and everyone else once the packages enter Debian.</p>
 162
 163 <p>Now I can start on the audio recording part of this project.</p>
 164
 165 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 166 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 167 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 168
 169       </div>
 170       <div class="tags">
 171
 172
 173         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 174
 175
 176       </div>
 177     </div>
 178     <div class="padding"></div>
 179
 180     <div class="entry">
 181       <div class="title">
 182         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/rtlsdr_scanner__software_defined_radio_frequency_scanner_for_Linux____nice_free_software.html">rtlsdr-scanner, software defined radio frequency scanner for Linux  - nice free software</a>
 183       </div>
 184       <div class="date">
 185          7th April 2023
 186       </div>
 187       <div class="body">
 188         <p>Today I finally found time to track down a useful radio frequency
 189 scanner for my software defined radio.  Just for fun I tried to locate
 190 the radios used in the areas, and a good start would be to scan all
 191 the frequencies to see what is in use.  I've tried to find a useful
 192 program earlier, but ran out of time before I managed to find a useful
 193 tool.  This time I was more successful, and after a few false leads I
 194 found a description of
 195 <a href="https://www.kali.org/tools/rtlsdr-scanner/">rtlsdr-scanner
 196 over at the Kali site</a>, and was able to track down
 197 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/rtlsdr-scanner.git">the
 198 Kali package git repository</a> to build a deb package for the
 199 scanner.  Sadly the package is missing from the Debian project itself,
 200 at least in Debian Bullseye.  Two runtime dependencies,
 201 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-visvis.git">python-visvis</a>
 202 and
 203 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-rtlsdr.git">python-rtlsdr</a>
 204 had to be built and installed separately.  Luckily '<tt>gbp
 205 buildpackage</tt>' handled them just fine and no further packages had
 206 to be manually built.  The end result worked out of the box after
 207 installation.</p>
 208
 209 <p>My initial scans for FM channels worked just fine, so I knew the
 210 scanner was functioning.  But when I tried to scan every frequency
 211 from 100 to 1000 MHz, the program stopped unexpectedly near the
 212 completion.  After some debugging I discovered USB software radio I
 213 used rejected frequencies above 948 MHz, triggering a unreported
 214 exception breaking the scan.  Changing the scan to end at 957 worked
 215 better.  I similarly found the lower limit to be around 15, and ended
 216 up with the following full scan:</p>
 217
 218 <p><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png" width="100%"></a></p>
 219
 220 <p>Saving the scan did not work, but exporting it as a CSV file worked
 221 just fine.  I ended up with around 477k CVS lines with dB level for
 222 the given frequency.</p>
 223
 224 <p>The save failure seem to be a missing UTF-8 encoding issue in the
 225 python code.  Will see if I can find time to send a patch
 226 <a href="https://github.com/CdeMills/RTLSDR-Scanner/">upstream</a>
 227 later to fix this exception:</p>
 228
 229 <pre>
 230 Traceback (most recent call last):
 231   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 232     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 233   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 234     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 235 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 236 Traceback (most recent call last):
 237   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 238     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 239   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 240     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 241 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 242 </pre>
 243
 244 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 245 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 246 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 247
 248       </div>
 249       <div class="tags">
 250
 251
 252         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software</a>.
 253
 254
 255       </div>
 256     </div>
 257     <div class="padding"></div>
 258
 259     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="04.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 260     <div id="sidebar">
 261
 262
 263
 264 <h2>Archive</h2>
 265 <ul>
 266
 267 <li>2024
 268 <ul>
 269
 270 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 271
 272 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 273
 274 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 275
 276 </ul></li>
 277
 278 <li>2023
 279 <ul>
 280
 281 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 282
 283 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 284
 285 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 286
 287 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 288
 289 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 290
 291 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 292
 293 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 294
 295 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 296
 297 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
 298
 299 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 300
 301 </ul></li>
 302
 303 <li>2022
 304 <ul>
 305
 306 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 307
 308 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 309
 310 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 311
 312 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 313
 314 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 315
 316 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 317
 318 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 319
 320 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 321
 322 </ul></li>
 323
 324 <li>2021
 325 <ul>
 326
 327 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 332
 333 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 334
 335 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 336
 337 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 338
 339 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 340
 341 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 342
 343 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 344
 345 </ul></li>
 346
 347 <li>2020
 348 <ul>
 349
 350 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 353
 354 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 355
 356 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 361
 362 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 363
 364 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 365
 366 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 367
 368 </ul></li>
 369
 370 <li>2019
 371 <ul>
 372
 373 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 382
 383 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 384
 385 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 390
 391 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 392
 393 </ul></li>
 394
 395 <li>2018
 396 <ul>
 397
 398 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 403
 404 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 411
 412 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 413
 414 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 419
 420 </ul></li>
 421
 422 <li>2017
 423 <ul>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 440
 441 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 442
 443 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 446
 447 </ul></li>
 448
 449 <li>2016
 450 <ul>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 469
 470 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 471
 472 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 475
 476 </ul></li>
 477
 478 <li>2015
 479 <ul>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 496
 497 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 498
 499 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 500
 501 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 502
 503 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 504
 505 </ul></li>
 506
 507 <li>2014
 508 <ul>
 509
 510 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 519
 520 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 527
 528 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 529
 530 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 531
 532 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 533
 534 </ul></li>
 535
 536 <li>2013
 537 <ul>
 538
 539 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 548
 549 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 552
 553 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 554
 555 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 556
 557 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 558
 559 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 560
 561 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 562
 563 </ul></li>
 564
 565 <li>2012
 566 <ul>
 567
 568 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 569
 570 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 571
 572 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 573
 574 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 575
 576 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 577
 578 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 579
 580 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 581
 582 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 583
 584 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 585
 586 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 587
 588 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 589
 590 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 591
 592 </ul></li>
 593
 594 <li>2011
 595 <ul>
 596
 597 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 598
 599 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 600
 601 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 602
 603 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 604
 605 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 606
 607 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 608
 609 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 610
 611 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 612
 613 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 614
 615 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 616
 617 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 618
 619 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 620
 621 </ul></li>
 622
 623 <li>2010
 624 <ul>
 625
 626 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 627
 628 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 629
 630 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 631
 632 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 633
 634 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 635
 636 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 637
 638 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 639
 640 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 641
 642 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 643
 644 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 645
 646 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 647
 648 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 649
 650 </ul></li>
 651
 652 <li>2009
 653 <ul>
 654
 655 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 656
 657 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 658
 659 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 660
 661 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 662
 663 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 664
 665 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 666
 667 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 668
 669 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 670
 671 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 672
 673 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 674
 675 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 676
 677 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 678
 679 </ul></li>
 680
 681 <li>2008
 682 <ul>
 683
 684 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 685
 686 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 687
 688 </ul></li>
 689
 690 </ul>
 691
 692
 693
 694 <h2>Tags</h2>
 695 <ul>
 696
 697  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 698
 699  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 700
 701  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 702
 703  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 704
 705  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 706
 707  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
 708
 709  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 710
 711  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 712
 713  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 714
 715  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (197)</a></li>
 716
 717  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 718
 719  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 720
 721  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 722
 723  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 724
 725  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
 726
 727  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 728
 729  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (457)</a></li>
 730
 731  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 732
 733  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 734
 735  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 736
 737  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 738
 739  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 740
 741  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 742
 743  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 744
 745  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (17)</a></li>
 746
 747  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 748
 749  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 750
 751  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 752
 753  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 754
 755  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 756
 757  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
 758
 759  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 760
 761  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 762
 763  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 764
 765  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 766
 767  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
 768
 769  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 770
 771  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (25)</a></li>
 772
 773  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (324)</a></li>
 774
 775  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (199)</a></li>
 776
 777  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (41)</a></li>
 778
 779  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 780
 781  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 782
 783  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
 784
 785  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 786
 787  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (3)</a></li>
 788
 789  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 790
 791  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 792
 793  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 794
 795  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 796
 797  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 798
 799  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 800
 801  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 802
 803  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 804
 805  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 806
 807  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 808
 809  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (76)</a></li>
 810
 811  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 812
 813  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 814
 815  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 816
 817  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 818
 819  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 820
 821  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 822
 823  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (22)</a></li>
 824
 825  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
 826
 827  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 828
 829  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 830
 831 </ul>
 832
 833
 834     </div>
 835     <p style="text-align: right">
 836  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 837 </p>
 838
 839   </body>
 840 </html>