blog/archive/2014/09/index.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
   2           "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
   3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr">
   4   <head>
   5     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: entries from September 2014</title>
   7     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/style.css" />
   8     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/vim.css" />
   9     <link rel="alternate" title="RSS Feed" href="09.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
  10   </head>
  11   <body>
  12     <!-- XML FEED -->
  13     <div class="title">
  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from September 2014.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_test_Debian_Edu_Jessie_despite_some_fatal_problems_with_the_installer.html">How to test Debian Edu Jessie despite some fatal problems with the installer</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         26th September 2014
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>The <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
  33 project</a> provide a Linux solution for schools, including a
  34 powerful desktop with education software, a central server providing
  35 web pages, user database, user home directories, central login and PXE
  36 boot of both  clients without disk and the installation to install Debian
  37 Edu on machines with disk (and a few other services perhaps to small
  38 to mention here).  We in the Debian Edu team are currently working on
  39 the Jessie based version, trying to get everything in shape before the
  40 freeze, to avoid having to maintain our own package repository in the
  41 future.  The
  42 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie">current
  43 status</a> can be seen on the Debian wiki, and there is still heaps of
  44 work left.  Some fatal problems block testing, breaking the installer,
  45 but it is possible to work around these to get anyway.  Here is a
  46 recipe on how to get the installation limping along.</p>
  47
  48 <p>First, download the test ISO via
  49 <a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">ftp</a>,
  50 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">http</a>
  51 or rsync (use
  52 ftp.skolelinux.org::cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso).
  53 The ISO build was broken on Tuesday, so we do not get a new ISO every
  54 12 hours or so, but thankfully the ISO we already got we are able to
  55 install with some tweaking.</p>
  56
  57 <p>When you get to the Debian Edu profile question, go to tty2
  58 (use Alt-Ctrl-F2), run</p>
  59
  60 <p><blockquote><pre>
  61 nano /usr/bin/edu-eatmydata-install
  62 </pre></blockquote></p>
  63
  64 <p>and add 'exit 0' as the second line, disabling the eatmydata
  65 optimization.  Return to the installation, select the profile you want
  66 and continue.  Without this change, exim4-config will fail to install
  67 due to a known bug in eatmydata.</p>
  68
  69 <p>When you get the grub question at the end, answer /dev/sda (or if
  70 this do not work, figure out what your correct value would be.  All my
  71 test machines need /dev/sda, so I have no advice if it do not fit
  72 your need.</p>
  73
  74 <p>If you installed a profile including a graphical desktop, log in as
  75 root after the initial boot from hard drive, and install the
  76 education-desktop-XXX metapackage.  XXX can be kde, gnome, lxde, xfce
  77 or mate.  If you want several desktop options, install more than one
  78 metapackage.  Once this is done, reboot and you should have a working
  79 graphical login screen.  This workaround should no longer be needed
  80 once the education-tasks package version 1.801 enter testing in two
  81 days.</p>
  82
  83 <p>I believe the ISO build will start working on two days when the new
  84 tasksel package enter testing and Steve McIntyre get a chance to
  85 update the debian-cd git repository.  The eatmydata, grub and desktop
  86 issues are already fixed in unstable and testing, and should show up
  87 on the ISO as soon as the ISO build start working again.  Well the
  88 eatmydata optimization is really just disabled.  The proper fix
  89 require an upload by the eatmydata maintainer applying the patch
  90 provided in bug <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">#702711</a>.
  91 The rest have proper fixes in unstable.</p>
  92
  93 <p>I hope this get you going with the installation testing, as we are
  94 quickly running out of time trying to get our Jessie based
  95 installation ready before the distribution freeze in a month.</p>
  96
  97       </div>
  98       <div class="tags">
  99
 100
 101         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 102
 103
 104       </div>
 105     </div>
 106     <div class="padding"></div>
 107
 108     <div class="entry">
 109       <div class="title">
 110         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Suddenly_I_am_the_new_upstream_of_the_lsdvd_command_line_tool.html">Suddenly I am the new upstream of the lsdvd command line tool</a>
 111       </div>
 112       <div class="date">
 113         25th September 2014
 114       </div>
 115       <div class="body">
 116         <p>I use the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/">lsdvd tool</a>
 117 to handle my fairly large DVD collection.  It is a nice command line
 118 tool to get details about a DVD, like title, tracks, track length,
 119 etc, in XML, Perl or human readable format.  But lsdvd have not seen
 120 any new development since 2006 and had a few irritating bugs affecting
 121 its use with some DVDs.  Upstream seemed to be dead, and in January I
 122 sent a small probe asking for a version control repository for the
 123 project, without any reply.  But I use it regularly and would like to
 124 get <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/lsdvd">an updated version
 125 into Debian</a>.  So two weeks ago I tried harder to get in touch with
 126 the project admin, and after getting a reply from him explaining that
 127 he was no longer interested in the project, I asked if I could take
 128 over.  And yesterday, I became project admin.</p>
 129
 130 <p>I've been in touch with a Gentoo developer and the Debian
 131 maintainer interested in joining forces to maintain the upstream
 132 project, and I hope we can get a new release out fairly quickly,
 133 collecting the patches spread around on the internet into on place.
 134 I've added the relevant Debian patches to the freshly created git
 135 repository, and expect the Gentoo patches to make it too.  If you got
 136 a DVD collection and care about command line tools, check out
 137 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/git/ci/master/tree/">the git source</a> and join
 138 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/mailman/">the project mailing
 139 list</a>. :)</p>
 140
 141       </div>
 142       <div class="tags">
 143
 144
 145         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>.
 146
 147
 148       </div>
 149     </div>
 150     <div class="padding"></div>
 151
 152     <div class="entry">
 153       <div class="title">
 154         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_henger_under_skibrua_over_E16_p__Sollih_gda_.html">Hva henger under skibrua over E16 på Sollihøgda?</a>
 155       </div>
 156       <div class="date">
 157         21st September 2014
 158       </div>
 159       <div class="body">
 160         <p>Rundt omkring i Oslo og Østlandsområdet henger det bokser over
 161 veiene som jeg har lurt på hva gjør.  De har ut fra plassering og
 162 vinkling sett ut som bokser som sniffer ut et eller annet fra
 163 forbipasserende trafikk, men det har vært uklart for meg hva det er de
 164 leser av.  Her om dagen tok jeg bilde av en slik boks som henger under
 165 <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.no/?zoom=19&mlat=59.96396&mlon=10.34443&layers=B00000">ei
 166 skibru på Sollihøgda</a>:</p>
 167
 168 <p align="center"><img width="60%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2014-09-13-kapsch-sollihogda-crop.jpeg"></p>
 169
 170 <p>Boksen er tydelig merket «Kapsch >>>», logoen til
 171 <a href="http://www.kapsch.net/">det sveitsiske selskapet Kapsch</a> som
 172 blant annet lager sensorsystemer for veitrafikk.  Men de lager mye
 173 forskjellig, og jeg kjente ikke igjen boksen på utseendet etter en
 174 kjapp titt på produktlista til selskapet.</p>
 175
 176 <p>I og med at boksen henger over veien E16, en riksvei vedlikeholdt
 177 av Statens Vegvesen, så antok jeg at det burde være mulig å bruke
 178 REST-API-et som gir tilgang til vegvesenets database over veier,
 179 skilter og annet veirelatert til å finne ut hva i alle dager dette
 180 kunne være.  De har både
 181 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/datakatalog">en
 182 datakatalog</a> og
 183 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/sok">et
 184 søk</a>, der en kan søke etter ulike typer oppføringer innen for et
 185 gitt geografisk område.  Jeg laget et enkelt shell-script for å hente
 186 ut antall av en gitt type innenfor området skibrua dekker, og listet
 187 opp navnet på typene som ble funnet.  Orket ikke slå opp hvordan
 188 URL-koding av aktuelle strenger kunne gjøres mer generisk, og brukte
 189 en stygg sed-linje i stedet.</p>
 190
 191 <blockquote><pre>
 192 #!/bin/sh
 193 urlmap() {
 194     sed \
 195     -e 's/  / /g'   -e 's/{/%7B/g'  \
 196     -e 's/}/%7D/g'  -e 's/\[/%5B/g' \
 197     -e 's/\]/%5D/g' -e 's/ /%20/g'  \
 198     -e 's/,/%2C/g'  -e 's/\"/%22/g' \
 199     -e 's/:/%3A/g'
 200 }
 201
 202 lookup() {
 203     url="$1"
 204     curl -s -H 'Accept: application/vnd.vegvesen.nvdb-v1+xml' \
 205        "https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api$url" | xmllint --format -
 206 }
 207
 208 for id in $(seq 1 874) ; do
 209     search="{
 210   lokasjon: {
 211     bbox: \"10.34425,59.96386,10.34458,59.96409\",
 212     srid: \"WGS84\"
 213   },
 214    objektTyper: [{
 215      id: $id, antall: 10
 216    }]
 217 }"
 218
 219     query=/sok?kriterie=$(echo $search | urlmap)
 220     if lookup "$query" |
 221     grep -q '&lt;totaltAntallReturnert>0&lt;'
 222     then
 223     :
 224     else
 225     echo $id
 226     lookup "/datakatalog/objekttyper/$id" |grep '^  &lt;navn>'
 227     fi
 228 done
 229
 230 exit 0
 231 </pre></blockquote>
 232
 233 Aktuelt ID-område 1-874 var riktig i datakatalogen da jeg laget
 234 scriptet.  Det vil endre seg over tid.  Skriptet listet så opp
 235 aktuelle typer i og rundt skibrua:
 236
 237 <blockquote><pre>
 238 5
 239   &lt;navn>Rekkverk&lt;/navn>
 240 14
 241   &lt;navn>Rekkverksende&lt;/navn>
 242 47
 243   &lt;navn>Trafikklomme&lt;/navn>
 244 49
 245   &lt;navn>Trafikkøy&lt;/navn>
 246 60
 247   &lt;navn>Bru&lt;/navn>
 248 79
 249   &lt;navn>Stikkrenne/Kulvert&lt;/navn>
 250 80
 251   &lt;navn>Grøft, åpen&lt;/navn>
 252 86
 253   &lt;navn>Belysningsstrekning&lt;/navn>
 254 95
 255   &lt;navn>Skiltpunkt&lt;/navn>
 256 96
 257   &lt;navn>Skiltplate&lt;/navn>
 258 98
 259   &lt;navn>Referansestolpe&lt;/navn>
 260 99
 261   &lt;navn>Vegoppmerking, langsgående&lt;/navn>
 262 105
 263   &lt;navn>Fartsgrense&lt;/navn>
 264 106
 265   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsstrategi&lt;/navn>
 266 172
 267   &lt;navn>Trafikkdeler&lt;/navn>
 268 241
 269   &lt;navn>Vegdekke&lt;/navn>
 270 293
 271   &lt;navn>Breddemåling&lt;/navn>
 272 301
 273   &lt;navn>Kantklippareal&lt;/navn>
 274 318
 275   &lt;navn>Snø-/isrydding&lt;/navn>
 276 445
 277   &lt;navn>Skred&lt;/navn>
 278 446
 279   &lt;navn>Dokumentasjon&lt;/navn>
 280 452
 281   &lt;navn>Undergang&lt;/navn>
 282 528
 283   &lt;navn>Tverrprofil&lt;/navn>
 284 532
 285   &lt;navn>Vegreferanse&lt;/navn>
 286 534
 287   &lt;navn>Region&lt;/navn>
 288 535
 289   &lt;navn>Fylke&lt;/navn>
 290 536
 291   &lt;navn>Kommune&lt;/navn>
 292 538
 293   &lt;navn>Gate&lt;/navn>
 294 539
 295   &lt;navn>Transportlenke&lt;/navn>
 296 540
 297   &lt;navn>Trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 298 570
 299   &lt;navn>Trafikkulykke&lt;/navn>
 300 571
 301   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert enhet&lt;/navn>
 302 572
 303   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert person&lt;/navn>
 304 579
 305   &lt;navn>Politidistrikt&lt;/navn>
 306 583
 307   &lt;navn>Vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 308 591
 309   &lt;navn>Høydebegrensning&lt;/navn>
 310 592
 311   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåling&lt;/navn>
 312 597
 313   &lt;navn>Støy-luft, Strekningsdata&lt;/navn>
 314 601
 315   &lt;navn>Oppgravingsdata&lt;/navn>
 316 602
 317   &lt;navn>Oppgravingslag&lt;/navn>
 318 603
 319   &lt;navn>PMS-parsell&lt;/navn>
 320 604
 321   &lt;navn>Vegnormalstrekning&lt;/navn>
 322 605
 323   &lt;navn>Værrelatert strekning&lt;/navn>
 324 616
 325   &lt;navn>Feltstrekning&lt;/navn>
 326 617
 327   &lt;navn>Adressepunkt&lt;/navn>
 328 626
 329   &lt;navn>Friksjonsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 330 629
 331   &lt;navn>Vegdekke, flatelapping&lt;/navn>
 332 639
 333   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, horisontalelement&lt;/navn>
 334 640
 335   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalelement&lt;/navn>
 336 642
 337   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalpunkt&lt;/navn>
 338 643
 339   &lt;navn>Statistikk, trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 340 647
 341   &lt;navn>Statistikk, vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 342 774
 343   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 344 775
 345   &lt;navn>ATK, influensstrekning&lt;/navn>
 346 794
 347   &lt;navn>Systemobjekt&lt;/navn>
 348 810
 349   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsklasse&lt;/navn>
 350 821
 351   &lt;navn>Funksjonell vegklasse&lt;/navn>
 352 825
 353   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, stigning&lt;/navn>
 354 838
 355   &lt;navn>Vegbredde, beregnet&lt;/navn>
 356 862
 357   &lt;navn>Reisetidsregistreringspunkt&lt;/navn>
 358 871
 359   &lt;navn>Bruksklasse&lt;/navn>
 360 </pre></blockquote>
 361
 362 <p>Av disse ser ID 775 og 862 mest relevant ut.  ID 775 antar jeg
 363 refererer til fotoboksen som står like ved brua, mens
 364 «Reisetidsregistreringspunkt» kanskje kan være boksen som henger der.
 365 Hvordan finner jeg så ut hva dette kan være for noe.  En titt på
 366 <a href="http://labs.vegdata.no/nvdb-datakatalog/862-Reisetidsregistreringspunkt/">datakatalogsiden
 367 for ID 862/Reisetidsregistreringspunkt</a> viser at det er finnes 53
 368 slike målere i Norge, og hvor de er plassert, men gir ellers få
 369 detaljer.  Det er plassert 40 på østlandet og 13 i Trondheimsregionen.
 370 Men siden nevner «AutoPASS», og hvis en slår opp oppføringen på
 371 Sollihøgda nevner den «Ciber AS» som ID for eksternt system.  (Kan det
 372 være snakk om
 373 <a href="http://www.proff.no/selskap/ciber-norge-as/oslo/internettdesign-og-programmering/Z0I3KMF4/">Ciber
 374 Norge AS</a>, et selskap eid av Ciber Europe Bv?)  Et nettsøk på
 375  «Ciber AS autopass» fører meg til en artikkel fra NRK Trøndelag i
 376  2013 med tittel
 377 «<a href="http://www.nrk.no/trondelag/sjekk-dette-hvis-du-vil-unnga-ko-1.11327947">Sjekk
 378 dette hvis du vil unngå kø</a>».  Artikkelen henviser til vegvesenets
 379 nettside
 380 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/forside.html">reisetider.no</a>
 381 som har en
 382 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/omrade.html?omrade=5">kartside
 383 for Østlandet</a> som viser at det måles mellom Sandvika og Sollihøgda.
 384 Det kan dermed se ut til at jeg har funnet ut hva boksene gjør.</p>
 385
 386 <p>Hvis det stemmer, så er dette bokser som leser av AutoPASS-ID-en
 387 til alle passerende biler med AutoPASS-brikke, og dermed gjør det mulig
 388 for de som kontrollerer boksene å holde rede på hvor en gitt bil er
 389 når den passerte et slikt målepunkt.  NRK-artikkelen forteller at
 390 denne informasjonen i dag kun brukes til å koble to
 391 AutoPASS-brikkepasseringer passeringer sammen for å beregne
 392 reisetiden, og at bruken er godkjent av Datatilsynet.  Det er desverre
 393 ikke mulig for en sjåfør som passerer under en slik boks å kontrollere
 394 at AutoPASS-ID-en kun brukes til dette i dag og i fremtiden.</p>
 395
 396 <p>I tillegg til denne type AutoPASS-sniffere vet jeg at det også
 397 finnes mange automatiske stasjoner som tar betalt pr. passering (aka
 398 bomstasjoner), og der lagres informasjon om tid, sted og bilnummer i
 399 10 år.  Finnes det andre slike sniffere plassert ut på veiene?</p>
 400
 401 <p>Personlig har jeg valgt å ikke bruke AutoPASS-brikke, for å gjøre
 402 det vanskeligere og mer kostbart for de som vil invadere privatsfæren
 403 og holde rede på hvor bilen min beveger seg til enhver tid.  Jeg håper
 404 flere vil gjøre det samme, selv om det gir litt høyere private
 405 utgifter (dyrere bompassering).  Vern om privatsfæren koster i disse
 406 dager.</p>
 407
 408 <p>Takk til Jan Kristian Jensen i Statens Vegvesen for tips om
 409 dokumentasjon på vegvesenets REST-API.</p>
 410
 411 <p>Bruksvilkår på bildet er
 412 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/">public domain eller
 413 CC0</a> alt etter hva som fungerer best for mottaker.</p>
 414
 415 <p>Oppdatering 2014-12-17: Veldig hyggelig å se at mine notater
 416 <a href="http://www.vegdata.no/2014/11/04/hva-henger-under-brua-over-e16-pa-sollihogda/">fikk
 417 omtale på vegdata-bloggen</a>.</p>
 418
 419       </div>
 420       <div class="tags">
 421
 422
 423         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 424
 425
 426       </div>
 427     </div>
 428     <div class="padding"></div>
 429
 430     <div class="entry">
 431       <div class="title">
 432         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speeding_up_the_Debian_installer_using_eatmydata_and_dpkg_divert.html">Speeding up the Debian installer using eatmydata and dpkg-divert</a>
 433       </div>
 434       <div class="date">
 435         16th September 2014
 436       </div>
 437       <div class="body">
 438         <p>The <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a> installer could be
 439 a lot quicker.  When we install more than 2000 packages in
 440 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux / Debian Edu</a> using
 441 tasksel in the installer, unpacking the binary packages take forever.
 442 A part of the slow I/O issue was discussed in
 443 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/613428">bug #613428</a> about too
 444 much file system sync-ing done by dpkg, which is the package
 445 responsible for unpacking the binary packages.  Other parts (like code
 446 executed by postinst scripts) might also sync to disk during
 447 installation.  All this sync-ing to disk do not really make sense to
 448 me.  If the machine crash half-way through, I start over, I do not try
 449 to salvage the half installed system.  So the failure sync-ing is
 450 supposed to protect against, hardware or system crash, is not really
 451 relevant while the installer is running.</p>
 452
 453 <p>A few days ago, I thought of a way to get rid of all the file
 454 system sync()-ing in a fairly non-intrusive way, without the need to
 455 change the code in several packages.  The idea is not new, but I have
 456 not heard anyone propose the approach using dpkg-divert before.  It
 457 depend on the small and clever package
 458 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/eatmydata">eatmydata</a>, which
 459 uses LD_PRELOAD to replace the system functions for syncing data to
 460 disk with functions doing nothing, thus allowing programs to live
 461 dangerous while speeding up disk I/O significantly.  Instead of
 462 modifying the implementation of dpkg, apt and tasksel (which are the
 463 packages responsible for selecting, fetching and installing packages),
 464 it occurred to me that we could just divert the programs away, replace
 465 them with a simple shell wrapper calling
 466 "eatmydata&nbsp;$program&nbsp;$@", to get the same effect.
 467 Two days ago I decided to test the idea, and wrapped up a simple
 468 implementation for the Debian Edu udeb.</p>
 469
 470 <p>The effect was stunning.  In my first test it reduced the running
 471 time of the pkgsel step (installing tasks) from 64 to less than 44
 472 minutes (20 minutes shaved off the installation) on an old Dell
 473 Latitude D505 machine.  I am not quite sure what the optimised time
 474 would have been, as I messed up the testing a bit, causing the debconf
 475 priority to get low enough for two questions to pop up during
 476 installation.  As soon as I saw the questions I moved the installation
 477 along, but do not know how long the question were holding up the
 478 installation.  I did some more measurements using Debian Edu Jessie,
 479 and got these results.  The time measured is the time stamp in
 480 /var/log/syslog between the "pkgsel: starting tasksel" and the
 481 "pkgsel: finishing up" lines, if you want to do the same measurement
 482 yourself.  In Debian Edu, the tasksel dialog do not show up, and the
 483 timing thus do not depend on how quickly the user handle the tasksel
 484 dialog.</p>
 485
 486 <p><table>
 487
 488 <tr>
 489 <th>Machine/setup</th>
 490 <th>Original tasksel</th>
 491 <th>Optimised tasksel</th>
 492 <th>Reduction</th>
 493 </tr>
 494
 495 <tr>
 496 <td>Latitude D505 Main+LTSP LXDE</td>
 497 <td>64 min (07:46-08:50)</td>
 498 <td><44 min (11:27-12:11)</td>
 499 <td>>20 min 18%</td>
 500 </tr>
 501
 502 <tr>
 503 <td>Latitude D505 Roaming LXDE</td>
 504 <td>57 min (08:48-09:45)</td>
 505 <td>34 min (07:43-08:17)</td>
 506 <td>23 min 40%</td>
 507 </tr>
 508
 509 <tr>
 510 <td>Latitude D505 Minimal</td>
 511 <td>22 min (10:37-10:59)</td>
 512 <td>11 min (11:16-11:27)</td>
 513 <td>11 min 50%</td>
 514 </tr>
 515
 516 <tr>
 517 <td>Thinkpad X200 Minimal</td>
 518 <td>6 min (08:19-08:25)</td>
 519 <td>4 min (08:04-08:08)</td>
 520 <td>2 min 33%</td>
 521 </tr>
 522
 523 <tr>
 524 <td>Thinkpad X200 Roaming KDE</td>
 525 <td>19 min (09:21-09:40)</td>
 526 <td>15 min (10:25-10:40)</td>
 527 <td>4 min 21%</td>
 528 </tr>
 529
 530 </table></p>
 531
 532 <p>The test is done using a netinst ISO on a USB stick, so some of the
 533 time is spent downloading packages.  The connection to the Internet
 534 was 100Mbit/s during testing, so downloading should not be a
 535 significant factor in the measurement.  Download typically took a few
 536 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the amount of packages being
 537 installed.</p>
 538
 539 <p>The speedup is implemented by using two hooks in
 540 <a href="https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/">Debian
 541 Installer</a>, the pre-pkgsel.d hook to set up the diverts, and the
 542 finish-install.d hook to remove the divert at the end of the
 543 installation.  I picked the pre-pkgsel.d hook instead of the
 544 post-base-installer.d hook because I test using an ISO without the
 545 eatmydata package included, and the post-base-installer.d hook in
 546 Debian Edu can only operate on packages included in the ISO.  The
 547 negative effect of this is that I am unable to activate this
 548 optimization for the kernel installation step in d-i.  If the code is
 549 moved to the post-base-installer.d hook, the speedup would be larger
 550 for the entire installation.</p>
 551
 552 <p>I've implemented this in the
 553 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/debian-edu-install">debian-edu-install</a>
 554 git repository, and plan to provide the optimization as part of the
 555 Debian Edu installation.  If you want to test this yourself, you can
 556 create two files in the installer (or in an udeb).  One shell script
 557 need do go into /usr/lib/pre-pkgsel.d/, with content like this:</p>
 558
 559 <p><blockquote><pre>
 560 #!/bin/sh
 561 set -e
 562 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 563 info() {
 564     logger -t my-pkgsel "info: $*"
 565 }
 566 error() {
 567     logger -t my-pkgsel "error: $*"
 568 }
 569 override_install() {
 570     apt-install eatmydata || true
 571     if [ -x /target/usr/bin/eatmydata ] ; then
 572         for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 573             file=/usr/bin/$bin
 574             # Test that the file exist and have not been diverted already.
 575             if [ -f /target$file ] ; then
 576                 info "diverting $file using eatmydata"
 577                 printf "#!/bin/sh\neatmydata $bin.distrib \"\$@\"\n" \
 578                     > /target$file.edu
 579                 chmod 755 /target$file.edu
 580                 in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 581                     --rename --quiet --add $file
 582                 ln -sf ./$bin.edu /target$file
 583             else
 584                 error "unable to divert $file, as it is missing."
 585             fi
 586         done
 587     else
 588         error "unable to find /usr/bin/eatmydata after installing the eatmydata pacage"
 589     fi
 590 }
 591
 592 override_install
 593 </pre></blockquote></p>
 594
 595 <p>To clean up, another shell script should go into
 596 /usr/lib/finish-install.d/ with code like this:
 597
 598 <p><blockquote><pre>
 599 #! /bin/sh -e
 600 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 601 error() {
 602     logger -t my-finish-install "error: $@"
 603 }
 604 remove_install_override() {
 605     for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 606         file=/usr/bin/$bin
 607         if [ -x /target$file.edu ] ; then
 608             rm /target$file
 609             in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 610                 --rename --quiet --remove $file
 611             rm /target$file.edu
 612         else
 613             error "Missing divert for $file."
 614         fi
 615     done
 616     sync # Flush file buffers before continuing
 617 }
 618
 619 remove_install_override
 620 </pre></blockquote></p>
 621
 622 <p>In Debian Edu, I placed both code fragments in a separate script
 623 edu-eatmydata-install and call it from the pre-pkgsel.d and
 624 finish-install.d scripts.</p>
 625
 626 <p>By now you might ask if this change should get into the normal
 627 Debian installer too?  I suspect it should, but am not sure the
 628 current debian-installer coordinators find it useful enough.  It also
 629 depend on the side effects of the change.  I'm not aware of any, but I
 630 guess we will see if the change is safe after some more testing.
 631 Perhaps there is some package in Debian depending on sync() and
 632 fsync() having effect?  Perhaps it should go into its own udeb, to
 633 allow those of us wanting to enable it to do so without affecting
 634 everyone.</p>
 635
 636 <p>Update 2014-09-24: Since a few days ago, enabling this optimization
 637 will break installation of all programs using gnutls because of
 638 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">bug #702711</a>.  An updated
 639 eatmydata package in Debian will solve it.</p>
 640
 641 <p>Update 2014-10-17: The bug mentioned above is fixed in testing and
 642 the optimization work again.  And I have discovered that the
 643 dpkg-divert trick is not really needed and implemented a slightly
 644 simpler approach as part of the debian-edu-install package.  See
 645 tools/edu-eatmydata-install in the source package.</p>
 646
 647 <p>Update 2014-11-11: Unfortunately, a new
 648 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/765738">bug #765738</a> in eatmydata only
 649 triggering on i386 made it into testing, and broke this installation
 650 optimization again.  If <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/768893">unblock
 651 request 768893</a> is accepted, it should be working again.</p>
 652
 653       </div>
 654       <div class="tags">
 655
 656
 657         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 658
 659
 660       </div>
 661     </div>
 662     <div class="padding"></div>
 663
 664     <div class="entry">
 665       <div class="title">
 666         <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Good_bye_subkeys_pgp_net__welcome_pool_sks_keyservers_net.html">Good bye subkeys.pgp.net, welcome pool.sks-keyservers.net</a>
 667       </div>
 668       <div class="date">
 669         10th September 2014
 670       </div>
 671       <div class="body">
 672         <p>Yesterday, I had the pleasure of attending a talk with the
 673 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a> about
 674 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20140909-sks-keyservers/">the
 675 OpenPGP keyserver pool sks-keyservers.net</a>, and was very happy to
 676 learn that there is a large set of publicly available key servers to
 677 use when looking for peoples public key.  So far I have used
 678 subkeys.pgp.net, and some times wwwkeys.nl.pgp.net when the former
 679 were misbehaving, but those days are ended.  The servers I have used
 680 up until yesterday have been slow and some times unavailable.  I hope
 681 those problems are gone now.</p>
 682
 683 <p>Behind the round robin DNS entry of the
 684 <a href="https://sks-keyservers.net/">sks-keyservers.net</a> service
 685 there is a pool of more than 100 keyservers which are checked every
 686 day to ensure they are well connected and up to date.  It must be
 687 better than what I have used so far. :)</p>
 688
 689 <p>Yesterdays speaker told me that the service is the default
 690 keyserver provided by the default configuration in GnuPG, but this do
 691 not seem to be used in Debian.  Perhaps it should?</p>
 692
 693 <p>Anyway, I've updated my ~/.gnupg/options file to now include this
 694 line:</p>
 695
 696 <p><blockquote><pre>
 697 keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net
 698 </pre></blockquote></p>
 699
 700 <p>With GnuPG version 2 one can also locate the keyserver using SRV
 701 entries in DNS.  Just for fun, I did just that at work, so now every
 702 user of GnuPG at the University of Oslo should find a OpenGPG
 703 keyserver automatically should their need it:</p>
 704
 705 <p><blockquote><pre>
 706 % host -t srv _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no
 707 _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no has SRV record 0 100 11371 pool.sks-keyservers.net.
 708 %
 709 </pre></blockquote></p>
 710
 711 <p>Now if only
 712 <a href="http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-shaw-openpgp-hkp/">the
 713 HKP lookup protocol</a> supported finding signature paths, I would be
 714 very happy.  It can look up a given key or search for a user ID, but I
 715 normally do not want that, but to find a trust path from my key to
 716 another key.  Given a user ID or key ID, I would like to find (and
 717 download) the keys representing a signature path from my key to the
 718 key in question, to be able to get a trust path between the two keys.
 719 This is as far as I can tell not possible today.  Perhaps something
 720 for a future version of the protocol?</p>
 721
 722       </div>
 723       <div class="tags">
 724
 725
 726         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
 727
 728
 729       </div>
 730     </div>
 731     <div class="padding"></div>
 732
 733     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="09.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 734     <div id="sidebar">
 735
 736
 737
 738 <h2>Archive</h2>
 739 <ul>
 740
 741 <li>2023
 742 <ul>
 743
 744 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 747
 748 </ul></li>
 749
 750 <li>2022
 751 <ul>
 752
 753 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 754
 755 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 756
 757 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 758
 759 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 760
 761 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 762
 763 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 766
 767 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 768
 769 </ul></li>
 770
 771 <li>2021
 772 <ul>
 773
 774 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 775
 776 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 777
 778 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 779
 780 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 781
 782 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 783
 784 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 785
 786 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 787
 788 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 789
 790 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 791
 792 </ul></li>
 793
 794 <li>2020
 795 <ul>
 796
 797 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 798
 799 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 800
 801 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 802
 803 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 804
 805 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 806
 807 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 808
 809 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 810
 811 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 812
 813 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 814
 815 </ul></li>
 816
 817 <li>2019
 818 <ul>
 819
 820 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 821
 822 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 823
 824 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 825
 826 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 827
 828 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 829
 830 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 831
 832 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 833
 834 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 835
 836 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 837
 838 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 839
 840 </ul></li>
 841
 842 <li>2018
 843 <ul>
 844
 845 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 846
 847 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 848
 849 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 850
 851 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 852
 853 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 854
 855 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 856
 857 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 866
 867 </ul></li>
 868
 869 <li>2017
 870 <ul>
 871
 872 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 873
 874 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 875
 876 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 877
 878 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 879
 880 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 881
 882 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 893
 894 </ul></li>
 895
 896 <li>2016
 897 <ul>
 898
 899 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 900
 901 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 902
 903 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 904
 905 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 906
 907 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 908
 909 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 922
 923 </ul></li>
 924
 925 <li>2015
 926 <ul>
 927
 928 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 929
 930 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 933
 934 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 935
 936 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 937
 938 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 951
 952 </ul></li>
 953
 954 <li>2014
 955 <ul>
 956
 957 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 962
 963 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 964
 965 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 966
 967 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 980
 981 </ul></li>
 982
 983 <li>2013
 984 <ul>
 985
 986 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 995
 996 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1009
1010 </ul></li>
1011
1012 <li>2012
1013 <ul>
1014
1015 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1038
1039 </ul></li>
1040
1041 <li>2011
1042 <ul>
1043
1044 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1057
1058 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1067
1068 </ul></li>
1069
1070 <li>2010
1071 <ul>
1072
1073 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1076
1077 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1078
1079 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1080
1081 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1082
1083 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1084
1085 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1086
1087 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1096
1097 </ul></li>
1098
1099 <li>2009
1100 <ul>
1101
1102 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1103
1104 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1105
1106 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1107
1108 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1109
1110 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1111
1112 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1113
1114 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1115
1116 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1117
1118 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1119
1120 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1121
1122 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1123
1124 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1125
1126 </ul></li>
1127
1128 <li>2008
1129 <ul>
1130
1131 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1132
1133 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1134
1135 </ul></li>
1136
1137 </ul>
1138
1139
1140
1141 <h2>Tags</h2>
1142 <ul>
1143
1144  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1145
1146  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1147
1148  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1149
1150  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1151
1152  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (188)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1169
1170  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1171
1172  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
1173
1174  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1175
1176  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (444)</a></li>
1177
1178  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1179
1180  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1181
1182  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1183
1184  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1185
1186  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1187
1188  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1189
1190  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1191
1192  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
1193
1194  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1195
1196  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
1197
1198  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1199
1200  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1201
1202  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1203
1204  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (4)</a></li>
1205
1206  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1207
1208  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1209
1210  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1211
1212  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1213
1214  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (44)</a></li>
1215
1216  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (13)</a></li>
1217
1218  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
1219
1220  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
1221
1222  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
1223
1224  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
1225
1226  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1227
1228  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
1229
1230  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1231
1232  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1233
1234  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1235
1236  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1237
1238  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1239
1240  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1241
1242  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1243
1244  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1245
1246  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1247
1248  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
1249
1250  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1251
1252  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1253
1254  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
1255
1256  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1257
1258  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1259
1260  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
1261
1262  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
1263
1264  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1265
1266  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1267
1268  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
1269
1270  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (77)</a></li>
1271
1272  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1273
1274  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1275
1276 </ul>
1277
1278
1279     </div>
1280     <p style="text-align: right">
1281  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1282 </p>
1283
1284   </body>
1285 </html>