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        <channel>
                <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
                <description></description>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
                <atom:link href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/index.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
        
        <item>
                <title>Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2015 18:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m still working on the Norwegian version of the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://free-culture.cc/&quot;&gt;Free Culture book by Lawrence
Lessig&lt;/a&gt;, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
chapter.  Based on the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://bugs.debian.org/685063&quot;&gt;feedback from the Debian
maintainer and the dblatex developer&lt;/a&gt;, I came up with this recipe I
would like to share with you.  The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
file variable.  So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
the generated LaTeX File.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
and add this text there:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&amp;lt;?latex \theendnotes ?&amp;gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
generated LaTeX document, with content like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&amp;lt;?xml version=&#39;1.0&#39;?&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform&quot; version=&#39;1.0&#39;&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;xsl:param name=&quot;latex.begindocument&quot;&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;xsl:text&amp;gt;
\usepackage{endnotes}
\let\footnote=\endnote
\def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
\begin{document}
    &amp;lt;/xsl:text&amp;gt;
  &amp;lt;/xsl:param&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/xsl:stylesheet&amp;gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The end result can be seen on github, where
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig&quot;&gt;my
book project&lt;/a&gt; is located.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 9 Jul 2015 11:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/&quot;&gt;WhatDoTheyKnow&lt;/a&gt;.
Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml&quot;&gt;annonsert
av NUUG&lt;/a&gt; via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
på plass de siste bitene.  Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
oppsett fra mange flere.  Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
ferietiden slo inn for fullt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten.  Ta en titt, og se
om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
inn via Mimes brønn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
anbefaler jeg deg å se
&lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321&quot;&gt;TED-foredraget til
Heather Brook&lt;/a&gt; om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt.  Det er en inspirerende
historie.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>MPEG LA on &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot; licensing and non-private use</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 7 Jul 2015 09:50:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html&quot;&gt;why
they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
the MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt;, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
does not.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I started by asking for more information about the various
licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the &quot;Internet
Broadcast AVC Video&quot; class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;According to
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf&quot;&gt;a
MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02&lt;/a&gt;, there is no charge when
using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video&quot;.  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of &quot;Internet
Broadcast AVC Video&quot; is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
PDF named
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf&quot;&gt;AVC
Patent Portfolio License Briefing&lt;/a&gt;, which states this about the
fees:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
 &lt;li&gt;Where End User pays for AVC Video
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
     subscribers/yr = no royalty; &amp;gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
     $25,000; &amp;gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &amp;gt;500,000 to
     1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &amp;gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000&lt;/li&gt;

   &lt;li&gt;Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &amp;gt;12 minutes in
     length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

 &lt;li&gt;Where remuneration is from other sources
  &lt;ul&gt;
   &lt;li&gt;Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
     (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &amp;gt; 100,000 HH rising to
     maximum $10,000 for &amp;gt;1,000,000 HH&lt;/li&gt;

   &lt;li&gt;Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
     – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that &quot;Internet
Broadcast AVC Video&quot; is the category for things that do not fall into
one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
explaining what is ment by &quot;title-by-title&quot; and &quot;Free Television&quot; in
the license terms for AVC/H.264?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
&quot;video on demand&quot; fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the &quot;Internet
Broadcast AVC Video&quot;, ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
access to personalized services?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
Internet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
with the MPEG LA:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
paying the applicable royalties.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
through an &quot;over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission&quot;, then
such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
subject to the applicable royalties.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For your reference, I have attached
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf&quot;&gt;a
.pdf copy of the AVC License&lt;/a&gt;. You will find the relevant
sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
be used for execution.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
free to contact me directly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
But I still had a few questions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
typically look similar to this:

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
  This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
  the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
  video in compliance with the AVC standard (&quot;AVC video&quot;) and/or (b)
  decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
  personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
  obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
  license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
  information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
MPEG LAs view on this?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
reads:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
STANDARD (&quot;AVC VIDEO&quot;) AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party&#39;s AVC
Product as their own branded AVC Product).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
Products by the licensed supplier.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
Norway.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
assistance, just let me know.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
asked for more information:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
list available from &amp;lt;URL:
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx&quot;&gt;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx&lt;/a&gt;
&amp;gt; incorrectly, as I believed the &quot;NO&quot; prefix in front of patents
were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
to that are relevant for Norway?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
in that list:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
Portfolio Patents.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
the patents are not valid in Norway?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 5 Jul 2015 21:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
using &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.francecrans.com/&quot;&gt;FrancEcrans&lt;/a&gt;, but it
might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One tip I got was to use the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb&quot;&gt;Skinflint&lt;/a&gt; web service to
compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.

&lt;p&gt;When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
(which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
Debian Sid/Unstable according to
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.corsac.net/X250/&quot;&gt;Corsac.net&lt;/a&gt;.  The reports I
got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
replace it.  I&#39;m also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I&#39;m
also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
&lt;a href=&quot;http://pro-star.com&quot;&gt;Pro-Star&lt;/a&gt;, another was
&lt;a href=&quot;http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/&quot;&gt;Libreboot&lt;/a&gt;.
The latter look very attractive to me.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
as I keep looking for a replacement.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
&lt;a href=&quot;&quot;&gt;lapstore.de&lt;/a&gt; web shop for used laptops.  They got several
different
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/&quot;&gt;old
thinkpad X models&lt;/a&gt;, and provide one year warranty.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 3 Jul 2015 07:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
replacement soon.  The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
flickering.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
still as
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html&quot;&gt;I
described them in 2013&lt;/a&gt;.  The last time I bought a laptop, I had
good help from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353&quot;&gt;prisjakt.no&lt;/a&gt;
where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually.  Three button mouse
and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
G2) lack three mouse buttons).  It is also unclear to me how good the
keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are.  I hope Lenovo have not messed up
the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
deteriorated since X41.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
seem sensible to me?  Are there better services around to search the
set of available laptops for features?  Please send me an email if you
have suggestions.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>MakerCon Nordic videos now available on Frikanalen</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 2 Jul 2015 14:10:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Last oktober I was involved on behalf of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;NUUG&lt;/a&gt; with recording the talks at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.makercon.no/&quot;&gt;MakerCon Nordic&lt;/a&gt;, a conference for
the Maker movement.  Since then it has been the plan to publish the
recordings on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt;, which
finally happened the last few days.  A few talks are missing because
the speakers asked the organizers to not publish them, but most of the
talks are available.  The talks are being broadcasted on RiksTV
channel 50 and using multicast on Uninett, as well as being available
from the Frikanalen web site.  The unedited recordings are
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/&quot;&gt;available on
Youtube too&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is the list of talks available at the moment.  Visit the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/?q=makercon&quot;&gt;Frikanalen video
pages&lt;/a&gt; to view them.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Evolutionary algorithms as a design tool - from art
      to robotics (Kyrre Glette)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Make and break (Hans Gerhard Meier)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Making a one year school course for young makers
      (Olav Helland)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Innovation Inspiration - IPR Databases as a Source of
      Inspiration (Hege Langlo)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Making a toy for makers (Erik Torstensson)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;How to make 3D printer electronics (Elias Bakken)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Hovering Clouds: Looking at online tool offerings for Product
      Design and 3D Printing (William Kempton)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Travelling maker stories (Øyvind Nydal Dahl)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Making the first Maker Faire in Sweden (Nils Olander)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Breaking the mold: Printing 1000’s of parts (Espen Sivertsen)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Ultimaker — and open source 3D printing (Erik de Bruijn)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Autodesk’s 3D Printing Platform: Sparking innovation (Hilde
      Sevens)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;How Making is Changing the World – and How You Can Too!
      (Jennifer Turliuk)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Open-Source Adventuring: OpenROV, OpenExplorer and the Future of
      Connected Exploration (David Lang)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Making in Norway (Haakon Karlsen Jr., Graham Hayward and Jens
      Dyvik)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;The Impact of the Maker Movement (Mike Senese)&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Part of the reason this took so long was that the scripts NUUG had
to prepare a recording for publication were five years old and no
longer worked with the current video processing tools (command line
argument changes).  In addition, we needed better audio normalization,
which sent me on a detour to
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html&quot;&gt;package
bs1770gain for Debian&lt;/a&gt;.  Now this is in place and it became a lot
easier to publish NUUG videos on Frikanalen.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Hvem fører Medietilsynet tilsyn med?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hvem_f_rer_Medietilsynet_tilsyn_med_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hvem_f_rer_Medietilsynet_tilsyn_med_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2015 23:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I en global verden med eierskap på tvers, trengs det informasjon om
hvem som har kontrollen i selskaper og bedrifter.  Og for å få tilgang
til slik informasjon for alle som ønsker å analysere eierskap, holder
med ikke med nasjonale databaser over eierskap, det må globale
samledatabaser med åpne data til.  Heldigvis finnes det en
internasjonal bevegelse for å gjøre selskapsinformasjon for alle land
offentlig tilgjengelig.  En slik database heter
&lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorporates.com&quot;&gt;OpenCorporates&lt;/a&gt;, der
informasjonen er gratis tilgjengelig med en &quot;del på samme
vilkår&quot;-lisens.  De samler inn selskapsinformasjon, eierskap,
konsesjonstildelinger og lignende.  De manglet ganske mye for Norge,
da bruksvilkårene til Norsk offentlig informasjon i stor grad
blokkerer OpenCorporates fra å samle den inn.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men jeg er jo involvert i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt;, som har
TV-konsesjon, og tenkte det kunne være fint om informasjon om alle
mediakonsesjoner var tilgjengelig i OpenCorporates, så jeg sendte
avgårde følgende spørsmål til Medietilsynet 2015-06-22:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei.  Finnes det en oversikt over enhetene som Mediatilsynet fører
tilsyn med som åpne data?  Jeg lette etter den på
&amp;lt;URL:&lt;a href=&quot;http://data.norge.no/&quot;&gt;http://data.norge.no/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt; og
&amp;lt;URL:&lt;a href=&quot;http://hotell.difi.no/&quot;&gt;http://hotell.difi.no/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt; uten å
finne noe der, og fant heller ikke noe under
&amp;lt;URL:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medietilsynet.no/&quot;&gt;http://www.medietilsynet.no/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tenker på alle som har fått kringkastingskonsesjon og alle som
er omtalt under
&amp;lt;URL:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebildet/&quot;&gt;http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebildet/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg skulle gjerne hatt dette maskinlesbart, og inkludert
organisasjonsnummer og hva slags forhold mediatilsynet har til
organisasjonene.  Tanken er å importere det i
&amp;lt;URL:&lt;a href=&quot;https://opencorporates.com/&quot;&gt;https://opencorporates.com/&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt; for analyse, så det bør ikke ha
bruksbegresninger som gjør dette umulig.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To dager senere fikk jeg svar, med de datasettene de hadde
tilgjengelig.  Svaret fra Hanne Sekkelsten hos Medietilsynet var
informativt og imøtekommende.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vi viser til din e-post av 22. juni, der du ber om å få tilsendt oversikter
over aktører Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med kringkastere og audiovisuelle
bestillingstjenester som omfattes av kringkastingsloven, og med
eierskap i aviser, fjernsyn radio og elektroniske medier etter
medieeierskapsloven. I tillegg vil Medietilsynet etter at
beskyttelsesloven trer i kraft fra 1. juli ha tilsyn med en rekke nye
aktører. Nærmere informasjon om den nye loven finnes på Medietilsynets
nettsted, her:
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebransjen/bildeprogramloven/&quot;&gt;http://www.medietilsynet.no/mediebransjen/bildeprogramloven/&lt;/a&gt;
.  Vi har ikke utarbeidet oversikter over alle aktørene, men vi sender
deg her de listene vi har utarbeidet, hentet fra våre databaser. Vi
har dessverre ikke ferdige rapporter som inneholder
organisasjonsnummer. Dersom du ønsker flere opplysninger ber vi om at
du tar kontakt med oss slik at vi kan finne ut av hvilke opplysninger
du trenger, og hvilke vi kan fremskaffe.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vedlagt følger:

&lt;ul&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Konsesjoner - lokalradio FM pr. 31.12.2014 [&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjoner_lokalradio_fm_felles_31.12.2014.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF (original)&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Konsesjoner - lokalfjernsyn i det digitale bakkenettet for fjernsyn, pr. mars 2015 [&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Lokalfjernsyn_DTT_konsesjoner_mars_2015.docx&quot;&gt;DOCX (original)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Lokalfjernsyn_DTT_konsesjoner_mars_2015.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Konsesjoner - DAB-radio, status mars 2015 [&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjonaernummer_DAB.xps&quot;&gt;XPS (original)&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Konsesjonaernummer_DAB.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Registreringspliktige kringkastere - status mars 2015: [&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Registreringspliktige_kringkastere_register_-_aktive.xps&quot;&gt;XPS (original)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-28-medietilsynsdata/Registreringspliktige_kringkastere_register_-_aktive.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;]

    &lt;ul&gt;
      &lt;li&gt;Kabelsendt fjernsyn
      &lt;li&gt;Satellittsendt fjernsyn
      &lt;li&gt;Nett-tv
      &lt;li&gt;Kabelsendt radio
      &lt;li&gt;Satellittsendt radio
      &lt;li&gt;Nett-radio
    &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi må ta forbehold om at det kan være enkelte feil i oversiktene
siden disse ikke er oppdaterte pr. dags dato. Vi vil foreta nye
oppdateringer i august.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Med hilsen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hanne Nistad Sekkelsten
&lt;br&gt;Seniorrådgiver | Senior Legal Adviser
&lt;br&gt;Medietilsynet | Norwegian Media Authority
&lt;br&gt;A: Nygata 4, NO-1607 Fredrikstad
&lt;br&gt;T: [telefonnummer fjernet]
&lt;br&gt;E: [adresse fjernet] | W: www.medietilsynet.no
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Desverre er formatene for ustrukturerte til maskinell behandling og
mangler endel informasjon, men det er gode oversikter over hvem
Medietilsynet fører tilsyn med.  Filene er på formatene PDF, XPS
(XML-basert PDF-lignende format fra Microsoft) og DOCX, så det vil
være en stor jobb å strukturere informasjonen på en måte som kan
importeres i OpenCorporates.  Svaret er ikke i tråd med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2013-04-05-959&quot;&gt;Forskrift
om IT-standarder i offentlig forvaltning&lt;/a&gt; som sier epostvedlegg
skal sendes som PDF, så jeg har gjorde PDF-utgaver av XPS og
DOCX-utgavene tilgjengelig for å gjøre det enklere for alle å se
innholdet.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2015 14:00:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies
in Norway.  The information is publicly available, but one need to
recursively look up ownership for all owners to figure out the complete
ownership graph of a given set of companies.  To save me the work in
the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the
ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format.  The data source
is web scraping from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proff.no/&quot;&gt;Proff&lt;/a&gt;, because
I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of
the ownership data, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brreg.no/&quot;&gt;Brønnøysundsregistrene&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To get an ownership graph for a set of companies, fetch
&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph&quot;&gt;the code from git&lt;/a&gt; and run it using the organisation number.  I&#39;m
using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its
ownership structure is very simple:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
% time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 &gt; dagbladet.dot

real    0m2.841s
user    0m0.184s
sys     0m0.036s
%
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line,
allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image.  The
resulting dot file for the example above look like this.  The edges
are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the
organisation number as their name and the name as the label:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
digraph ownership {
rankdir = LR;
&quot;Aller Holding A/s&quot; -&gt; &quot;910119877&quot; [label=&quot;100%&quot;]
&quot;910119877&quot; -&gt; &quot;998689015&quot; [label=&quot;100%&quot;]
&quot;998689015&quot; -&gt; &quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;99%&quot;]
&quot;974530600&quot; -&gt; &quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;1%&quot;]
&quot;958033540&quot; [label=&quot;AS DAGBLADET&quot;]
&quot;998689015&quot; [label=&quot;Berner Media Holding AS&quot;]
&quot;974530600&quot; [label=&quot;Dagbladets Stiftelse&quot;]
&quot;910119877&quot; [label=&quot;Aller Media AS&quot;]
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To view the ownership graph, run &quot;&lt;tt&gt;dotty dagbladet.dot&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; or
convert it to a PNG using &quot;&lt;tt&gt;dot -T png dagbladet.dot &gt;
dagbladet.png&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;.  The result can be seen below:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png&quot; width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Note that I suspect the &quot;Aller Holding A/S&quot; entry to be incorrect
data in the official ownership register, as that name is not
registered in the official company register for Norway.  The ownership
register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking
of the ownership links.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources.
The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2015-06-15: Since the initial post I&#39;ve been told that
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proff.dk/firma/carl-allers-etablissement-aktieselskab/københavn-v/hovedkontorer/13624518-3/&quot;&gt;Aller
Holding A/S&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is a Danish company, which explain why it did not
have a Norwegian organisation number.  I&#39;ve also been told that there
is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brreg.no/automatiske/webservices/&quot;&gt;web
services API available&lt;/a&gt; from Brønnøysundsregistrene, for those
willing to accept the terms or pay the price.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2015 13:40:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
everywhere.  Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
the viewers do not like this.  This fact is well known to the TV
channels.  See for example the BBC white paper
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf&quot;&gt;Terminology
for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that&lt;/a&gt;&quot; from 2011 for a
summary of the problem domain.  To better address the need for even
loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
standardizing loudness.  From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en&quot;&gt;Algorithms to
measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
having a way to measure is not enough.  To get the same loudness
across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
on.  For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
R128, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf&quot;&gt;Loudness
normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, which
specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS.  In Norway, I have been
told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
level using the LUFS.  In Debian, I am aware of a library named
&lt;a href=&quot;https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128&quot;&gt;libebur128&lt;/a&gt;
able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
named &lt;a href=&quot;http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net&quot;&gt;bs1770gain&lt;/a&gt;
capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
for NEW processing.  I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
&lt;a href=&quot;https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org&quot;&gt;Debian
multimedia&lt;/a&gt; umbrella.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frikanalen.no/&quot;&gt;Frikanalen&lt;/a&gt;, plan to follow the
R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nuug.no/&quot;&gt;the
NUUG member organisation&lt;/a&gt;.  The program seem to be able to measure
the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I&#39;ve only
successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files.  I suspect it
should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2015 15:20:00 +0200</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html&quot;&gt;NRK
trengte patentavtale med dem&lt;/a&gt; hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
tittel &quot;Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
med MPEG LA?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
det er behov for en patentavtale med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/&quot;&gt;MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; slik det står i
programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
for patentavtale?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge en artikkel på
&lt;a href=&quot;https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/&quot;&gt;NRK
Beta i 2012&lt;/a&gt; har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
Se f.eks. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf&quot;&gt;bruksvilkårene for Avid&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html&quot;&gt;Adobe Premiere&lt;/a&gt; og &lt;a href=&quot;http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf&quot;&gt;Apple Final
Cut Studio&lt;/a&gt; og søk etter &quot;MPEG LA&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
med MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
formatet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx&quot;&gt;organisasjoner
med avtale med MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
2015-06-09:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
svare på dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
noen patentavtale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&quot;&gt;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Med vennlig hilsen
&lt;br&gt;Gunn Helen Berg
&lt;br&gt;Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;NRK
&lt;br&gt;Strategidivisjonen
&lt;Br&gt;Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
&lt;br&gt;Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
&lt;br&gt;nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
oppfølgerepost tilbake:

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Gunn Helen Berg]
&lt;br&gt;&gt; Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
&lt;br&gt;&gt; kunne svare på dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
&lt;br&gt;&gt; nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
&lt;br&gt;&gt; uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
&lt;br&gt;&gt; patentavtale.
&lt;br&gt;&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&gt; http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
(hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
at NRK trenger en lisens.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video&quot; konkret betyr, men i følge en
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf&quot;&gt;presentasjon
fra MPEG LA med tema &quot;AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing&quot; datert
2015-05-15&lt;/a&gt; gjelder &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot; kun kringkasting
på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag (&quot;not
title-by-title&quot;), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
pressemeldingen.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
sending?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
   slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
   Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
   hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
   hvis den er gjort skriftlig?&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
   for patentavtale?&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
   postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
   aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
NRK:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei Petter Reinholdtsen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
(som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
(igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
ikke av forbrukerne.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555&quot;&gt;http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
sluttbrukere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&quot;&gt;http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf&lt;/a&gt;),
and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
royalty-bearing.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vennlig hilsen
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;________________________________________
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen
&lt;br&gt;Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
&lt;br&gt;Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
&lt;br&gt;NRK medietjenester
&lt;br&gt;Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
&lt;br&gt;Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
&lt;br&gt;nrk.no
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Geir Børdalen]
&lt;br&gt;&gt; Hei Petter Reinholdtsen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen &quot;in full&quot; som du omtaler
finnes?&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot; dekker
ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf&quot;&gt;lysark
fra MPEG LA&lt;/a&gt; i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
&quot;AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees&quot; og undertittel &quot;Where
remuneration is from other sources&quot; skriver &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
the AVC Patent Portfolio License&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
av formuleringen &quot;title-by-title&quot;) dekkes av &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC
Video&quot; fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva &quot;Internet Broadcast AVC Video&quot;
dekker er beskrevet?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
gjelder for NRK?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
føljetongen:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hei igjen&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
dessverre ikke gi deg).&lt;p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
&lt;br&gt;&gt; skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
&lt;br&gt;&gt; bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
ikke var del i dette.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&gt; Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
kommunisert i forrige epost.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Mvh
&lt;br&gt;Geir Børdalen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
så langt:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
dem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
mener er rikgig rettstilstand.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.&lt;/p&gt;
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