blog/Teaching_vmdebootstrap_to_create_Raspberry_Pi_SD_card_images.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Teaching vmdebootstrap to create Raspberry Pi SD card images</div>
  24       <div class="date">27th October 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>The
  26 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/v/vmdebootstrap.html">vmdebootstrap</a>
  27 program is a a very nice system to create virtual machine images.  It
  28 create a image file, add a partition table, mount it and run
  29 debootstrap in the mounted directory to create a Debian system on a
  30 stick.  Yesterday, I decided to try to teach it how to make images for
  31 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/RaspberryPi">Raspberry Pi</a>, as part
  32 of a plan to simplify the build system for
  33 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/FreedomBox">the FreedomBox
  34 project</a>.  The FreedomBox project already uses vmdebootstrap for
  35 the virtualbox images, but its current build system made multistrap
  36 based system for Dreamplug images, and it is lacking support for
  37 Raspberry Pi.</p>
  38
  39 <p>Armed with the knowledge on how to build "foreign" (aka non-native
  40 architecture) chroots for Raspberry Pi, I dived into the vmdebootstrap
  41 code and adjusted it to be able to build armel images on my amd64
  42 Debian laptop.  I ended up giving vmdebootstrap five new options,
  43 allowing me to replicate the image creation process I use to make
  44 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_Raspberry_Pi_based_batman_adv_Mesh_network_node.html">Debian
  45 Jessie based mesh node images for the Raspberry Pi</a>.  First, the
  46 <tt>--foreign /path/to/binfm_handler</tt> option tell vmdebootstrap to
  47 call debootstrap with --foreign and to copy the handler into the
  48 generated chroot before running the second stage.  This allow
  49 vmdebootstrap to create armel images on an amd64 host.  Next I added
  50 two new options <tt>--bootsize size</tt> and <tt>--boottype
  51 fstype</tt> to teach it to create a separate /boot/ partition with the
  52 given file system type, allowing me to create an image with a vfat
  53 partition for the /boot/ stuff.  I also added a <tt>--variant
  54 variant</tt> option to allow me to create smaller images without the
  55 Debian base system packages installed.  Finally, I added an option
  56 <tt>--no-extlinux</tt> to tell vmdebootstrap to not install extlinux
  57 as a boot loader.  It is not needed on the Raspberry Pi and probably
  58 most other non-x86 architectures.  The changes were accepted by the
  59 upstream author of vmdebootstrap yesterday and today, and is now
  60 available from
  61 <a href="http://git.liw.fi/cgi-bin/cgit/cgit.cgi/vmdebootstrap/">the
  62 upstream project page</a>.</p>
  63
  64 <p>To use it to build a Raspberry Pi image using Debian Jessie, first
  65 create a small script (the customize script) to add the non-free
  66 binary blob needed to boot the Raspberry Pi and the APT source
  67 list:</p>
  68
  69 <p><pre>
  70 #!/bin/sh
  71 set -e # Exit on first error
  72 rootdir="$1"
  73 cd "$rootdir"
  74 cat &lt;&lt;EOF > etc/apt/sources.list
  75 deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
  76 EOF
  77 # Install non-free binary blob needed to boot Raspberry Pi.  This
  78 # install a kernel somewhere too.
  79 wget https://raw.github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-update/master/rpi-update \
  80     -O $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  81 chmod a+x $rootdir/usr/bin/rpi-update
  82 mkdir -p $rootdir/lib/modules
  83 touch $rootdir/boot/start.elf
  84 chroot $rootdir rpi-update
  85 </pre></p>
  86
  87 <p>Next, fetch the latest vmdebootstrap script and call it like this
  88 to build the image:</p>
  89
  90 <pre>
  91 sudo ./vmdebootstrap \
  92     --variant minbase \
  93     --arch armel \
  94     --distribution jessie \
  95     --mirror http://http.debian.net/debian \
  96     --image test.img \
  97     --size 600M \
  98     --bootsize 64M \
  99     --boottype vfat \
 100     --log-level debug \
 101     --verbose \
 102     --no-kernel \
 103     --no-extlinux \
 104     --root-password raspberry \
 105     --hostname raspberrypi \
 106     --foreign /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \
 107     --customize `pwd`/customize \
 108     --package netbase \
 109     --package git-core \
 110     --package binutils \
 111     --package ca-certificates \
 112     --package wget \
 113     --package kmod
 114 </pre></p>
 115
 116 <p>The list of packages being installed are the ones needed by
 117 rpi-update to make the image bootable on the Raspberry Pi, with the
 118 exception of netbase, which is needed by debootstrap to find
 119 /etc/hosts with the minbase variant.  I really wish there was a way to
 120 set up an Raspberry Pi using only packages in the Debian archive, but
 121 that is not possible as far as I know, because it boots from the GPU
 122 using a non-free binary blob.</p>
 123
 124 <p>The build host need debootstrap, kpartx and qemu-user-static and
 125 probably a few others installed.  I have not checked the complete
 126 build dependency list.</p>
 127
 128 <p>The resulting image will not use the hardware floating point unit
 129 on the Raspberry PI, because the armel architecture in Debian is not
 130 optimized for that use.  So the images created will be a bit slower
 131 than <a href="http://www.raspbian.org/">Raspbian</a> based images.</p>
 132 </div>
 133
 134       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network</a>.</div>
 135
 136
 137     </div>
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142     <div id="sidebar">
 143
 144
 145
 146 <h2>Archive</h2>
 147 <ul>
 148
 149 <li>2019
 150 <ul>
 151
 152 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 153
 154 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 155
 156 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 157
 158 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 159
 160 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 161
 162 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 163
 164 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 165
 166 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 167
 168 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 169
 170 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 171
 172 </ul></li>
 173
 174 <li>2018
 175 <ul>
 176
 177 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 178
 179 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 180
 181 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 182
 183 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 184
 185 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 186
 187 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 188
 189 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 190
 191 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 192
 193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 194
 195 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 196
 197 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 198
 199 </ul></li>
 200
 201 <li>2017
 202 <ul>
 203
 204 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 205
 206 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 207
 208 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 209
 210 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 211
 212 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 213
 214 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 215
 216 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 217
 218 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 219
 220 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 221
 222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 223
 224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 225
 226 </ul></li>
 227
 228 <li>2016
 229 <ul>
 230
 231 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 232
 233 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 234
 235 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 236
 237 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 238
 239 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 240
 241 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 242
 243 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 244
 245 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 246
 247 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 248
 249 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 250
 251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 254
 255 </ul></li>
 256
 257 <li>2015
 258 <ul>
 259
 260 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 261
 262 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 263
 264 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 265
 266 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 267
 268 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 269
 270 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 271
 272 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 273
 274 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 275
 276 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 277
 278 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 279
 280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 283
 284 </ul></li>
 285
 286 <li>2014
 287 <ul>
 288
 289 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 290
 291 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 292
 293 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 294
 295 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 296
 297 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 298
 299 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 300
 301 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 302
 303 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 308
 309 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 312
 313 </ul></li>
 314
 315 <li>2013
 316 <ul>
 317
 318 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 319
 320 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 321
 322 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 323
 324 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 325
 326 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 327
 328 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 329
 330 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 341
 342 </ul></li>
 343
 344 <li>2012
 345 <ul>
 346
 347 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 348
 349 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 350
 351 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 352
 353 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 354
 355 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 356
 357 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 366
 367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 370
 371 </ul></li>
 372
 373 <li>2011
 374 <ul>
 375
 376 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 377
 378 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 379
 380 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 381
 382 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 383
 384 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 385
 386 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 399
 400 </ul></li>
 401
 402 <li>2010
 403 <ul>
 404
 405 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 406
 407 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 408
 409 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 410
 411 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 412
 413 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 414
 415 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 428
 429 </ul></li>
 430
 431 <li>2009
 432 <ul>
 433
 434 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 435
 436 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 437
 438 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 439
 440 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 441
 442 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 443
 444 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 457
 458 </ul></li>
 459
 460 <li>2008
 461 <ul>
 462
 463 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 464
 465 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 466
 467 </ul></li>
 468
 469 </ul>
 470
 471
 472
 473 <h2>Tags</h2>
 474 <ul>
 475
 476  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (16)</a></li>
 477
 478  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 479
 480  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 481
 482  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 483
 484  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (8)</a></li>
 485
 486  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (11)</a></li>
 487
 488  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 489
 490  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 491
 492  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 493
 494  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (168)</a></li>
 495
 496  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
 497
 498  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (4)</a></li>
 499
 500  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 501
 502  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
 503
 504  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (26)</a></li>
 505
 506  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 507
 508  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (411)</a></li>
 509
 510  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 511
 512  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 513
 514  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 515
 516  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 517
 518  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 519
 520  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 521
 522  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
 523
 524  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 525
 526  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (22)</a></li>
 527
 528  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
 529
 530  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 531
 532  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
 533
 534  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 535
 536  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 537
 538  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 539
 540  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 541
 542  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (42)</a></li>
 543
 544  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (12)</a></li>
 545
 546  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (18)</a></li>
 547
 548  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (309)</a></li>
 549
 550  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (196)</a></li>
 551
 552  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (37)</a></li>
 553
 554  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 555
 556  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
 557
 558  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (111)</a></li>
 559
 560  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 561
 562  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 563
 564  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 565
 566  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 567
 568  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (12)</a></li>
 569
 570  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 571
 572  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 573
 574  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 575
 576  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (56)</a></li>
 577
 578  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 579
 580  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 581
 582  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (67)</a></li>
 583
 584  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (6)</a></li>
 585
 586  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
 587
 588  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (57)</a></li>
 589
 590  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (4)</a></li>
 591
 592  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 593
 594  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 595
 596  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (17)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (73)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 603
 604 </ul>
 605
 606
 607     </div>
 608     <p style="text-align: right">
 609  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 610 </p>
 611
 612   </body>
 613 </html>