blog/Playing_and_encoding_AV1_in_Debian_Bullseye.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
   2           "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
   3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr">
   4   <head>
   5     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</title>
   7     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/style.css" />
   8     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/vim.css" />
   9
  10
  11   </head>
  12   <body>
  13     <div class="title">
  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Playing and encoding AV1 in Debian Bullseye</div>
  24       <div class="date">16th April 2022</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Inspired by the recent news of
  26 <a href="https://slashdot.org/story/22/04/03/2039219/intel-beats-amd-and-nvidia-with-arc-gpus-full-av1-support">AV1
  27 hardware encoding support from Intel</a>, I decided to look into
  28 the state of AV1 on Linux today.  AV1 is a
  29 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618103850/http://www.digistan.org/open-standard:definition">free
  30 and open standard</a> as defined by Digistan without any royalty
  31 payment requirement, unlike its much used competitor encoding
  32 H.264.  While looking, I came across an 5 year
  33 <a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/1061908/how-to-encode-and-playback-video-with-the-av1-codec-on-bionic-beaver-18-04">old
  34 question on askubuntu.com</a> which in turn inspired me to check out
  35 how things are in Debian Stable regarding AV1.  The test file listed
  36 in the question (askubuntu_test_aom.mp4) did not exist any more, so I
  37 tracked down a different set of test files on
  38 <a href="https://av1.webmfiles.org/">av1.webmfiles.org</a> to test them
  39 with the various video tools I had installed on my machine.  I was
  40 happy to discover that AV1 decoding and playback worked with almost
  41 every tool I tested:
  42
  43 <table align="center">
  44 <tr><td>mediainfo</td>       <td>ok</td></tr>
  45 <tr><td>dragonplayer</td>    <td>ok</td></tr>
  46 <tr><td>ffmpeg / ffplay</td> <td>ok</td></tr>
  47 <tr><td>gnome-mplayer</td>   <td>fail</td></tr>
  48 <tr><td>mplayer</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  49 <tr><td>mpv</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  50 <tr><td>parole</td>          <td>ok</td></tr>
  51 <tr><td>vlc</td>             <td>ok</td></tr>
  52 <tr><td>firefox</td>         <td>ok</td></tr>
  53 <tr><td>chromium</td>        <td>ok</td></tr>
  54 </table>
  55
  56 <p>AV1 encoding is available in Debian Stable from the aom-tools
  57 version 1.0.0.errata1-3 package, using the aomenc tool.  The encoding
  58 using the package in Debian Stable is quite slow, with the frame rate
  59 for my 10 second test video at around 0.25 fps.  My 10 second video
  60 test took 16 minutes and 11 seconds on my test machine.</p>
  61
  62 <p>I tested by first running ffmpeg and then aomenc using the recipe
  63 provided by the askubuntu recipe above.  I had to remove the
  64 '--row-mt=1' option, as it was not supported in my 1.0.0 version.  The
  65 encoding only used a single thread, according to <tt>top</tt>.</p>
  66
  67 <blockquote><pre>
  68 ffmpeg -i some-old-video.ogv -t 10 -pix_fmt yuv420p video.y4m
  69 aomenc --fps=24/1 -u 0 --codec=av1 --target-bitrate=1000 \
  70   --lag-in-frames=25 --auto-alt-ref=1 -t 24 --cpu-used=8 \
  71   --tile-columns=2 --tile-rows=2 -o output.webm video.y4m
  72 </pre></blockquote>
  73
  74 <p>As version 1.0.0 currently have several
  75 <a href="https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/aom">unsolved
  76 security issues in Debian Stable</a>, and to see if the recent
  77 backport <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/aom">provided in
  78 Debian</a> is any quicker, I ran <tt>apt -t bullseye-backports install
  79 aom-tools</tt> to fetch the backported version and re-encoded the
  80 video using the latest version.  This time the '--row-mt=1' option
  81 worked, and the encoding was done in 46 seconds with a frame rate of
  82 around 5.22 fps.  This time it seem to be using all my four cores to
  83 encode.  Encoding speed is still too low for streaming and real time,
  84 which would require frame rates above 25 fps, but might be good enough
  85 for offline encoding.</p>
  86
  87 <p>I am very happy to see AV1 playback working so well with the
  88 default tools in Debian Stable.  I hope the encoding situation improve
  89 too, allowing even a slow old computer like my 10 year old laptop to
  90 be used for encoding.</p>
  91
  92 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  93 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  94 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  95 </div>
  96
  97       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.</div>
  98
  99
 100     </div>
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105     <div id="sidebar">
 106
 107
 108
 109 <h2>Archive</h2>
 110 <ul>
 111
 112 <li>2024
 113 <ul>
 114
 115 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 116
 117 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 118
 119 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 120
 121 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2024/04/">April (1)</a></li>
 122
 123 </ul></li>
 124
 125 <li>2023
 126 <ul>
 127
 128 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 129
 130 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 131
 132 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 133
 134 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 135
 136 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 137
 138 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 139
 140 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 141
 142 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 143
 144 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/11/">November (4)</a></li>
 145
 146 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 147
 148 </ul></li>
 149
 150 <li>2022
 151 <ul>
 152
 153 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 154
 155 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 156
 157 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 158
 159 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 160
 161 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 162
 163 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 164
 165 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 166
 167 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 168
 169 </ul></li>
 170
 171 <li>2021
 172 <ul>
 173
 174 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 175
 176 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 177
 178 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 179
 180 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 181
 182 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 183
 184 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 185
 186 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 187
 188 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 189
 190 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 191
 192 </ul></li>
 193
 194 <li>2020
 195 <ul>
 196
 197 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 198
 199 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 200
 201 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 202
 203 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 204
 205 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 206
 207 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 208
 209 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 210
 211 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 212
 213 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 214
 215 </ul></li>
 216
 217 <li>2019
 218 <ul>
 219
 220 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 221
 222 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 223
 224 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 225
 226 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 227
 228 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 229
 230 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 231
 232 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 233
 234 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 235
 236 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 237
 238 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 239
 240 </ul></li>
 241
 242 <li>2018
 243 <ul>
 244
 245 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 246
 247 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 248
 249 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 250
 251 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 254
 255 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 260
 261 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 262
 263 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 266
 267 </ul></li>
 268
 269 <li>2017
 270 <ul>
 271
 272 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 273
 274 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 275
 276 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 277
 278 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 279
 280 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 283
 284 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 285
 286 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 287
 288 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 293
 294 </ul></li>
 295
 296 <li>2016
 297 <ul>
 298
 299 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 300
 301 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 302
 303 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 304
 305 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 306
 307 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 308
 309 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 322
 323 </ul></li>
 324
 325 <li>2015
 326 <ul>
 327
 328 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 329
 330 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 331
 332 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 333
 334 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 335
 336 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 337
 338 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 345
 346 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 351
 352 </ul></li>
 353
 354 <li>2014
 355 <ul>
 356
 357 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 358
 359 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 360
 361 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 362
 363 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 364
 365 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 366
 367 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 380
 381 </ul></li>
 382
 383 <li>2013
 384 <ul>
 385
 386 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 387
 388 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 389
 390 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 391
 392 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 393
 394 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 395
 396 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 399
 400 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 401
 402 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 403
 404 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 405
 406 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 407
 408 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 409
 410 </ul></li>
 411
 412 <li>2012
 413 <ul>
 414
 415 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 416
 417 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 418
 419 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 420
 421 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 422
 423 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 424
 425 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 438
 439 </ul></li>
 440
 441 <li>2011
 442 <ul>
 443
 444 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 445
 446 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 447
 448 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 449
 450 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 451
 452 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 467
 468 </ul></li>
 469
 470 <li>2010
 471 <ul>
 472
 473 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 474
 475 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 476
 477 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 478
 479 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 480
 481 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 496
 497 </ul></li>
 498
 499 <li>2009
 500 <ul>
 501
 502 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 503
 504 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 505
 506 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 507
 508 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 509
 510 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 519
 520 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 525
 526 </ul></li>
 527
 528 <li>2008
 529 <ul>
 530
 531 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 532
 533 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 534
 535 </ul></li>
 536
 537 </ul>
 538
 539
 540
 541 <h2>Tags</h2>
 542 <ul>
 543
 544  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
 545
 546  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 547
 548  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 549
 550  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 551
 552  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
 553
 554  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (13)</a></li>
 555
 556  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 557
 558  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 559
 560  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (3)</a></li>
 561
 562  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (198)</a></li>
 563
 564  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
 565
 566  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
 567
 568  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
 569
 570  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
 571
 572  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (32)</a></li>
 573
 574  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 575
 576  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (459)</a></li>
 577
 578  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 579
 580  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
 581
 582  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
 583
 584  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 585
 586  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
 587
 588  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 589
 590  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
 591
 592  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (17)</a></li>
 593
 594  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
 595
 596  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (6)</a></li>
 597
 598  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 599
 600  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
 601
 602  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 603
 604  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
 605
 606  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 607
 608  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 609
 610  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
 611
 612  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 613
 614  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (46)</a></li>
 615
 616  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (15)</a></li>
 617
 618  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (25)</a></li>
 619
 620  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (324)</a></li>
 621
 622  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (199)</a></li>
 623
 624  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (41)</a></li>
 625
 626  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 627
 628  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (4)</a></li>
 629
 630  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (76)</a></li>
 631
 632  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
 633
 634  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (3)</a></li>
 635
 636  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 637
 638  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 639
 640  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 641
 642  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
 643
 644  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 645
 646  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
 647
 648  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 649
 650  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (60)</a></li>
 651
 652  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 653
 654  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 655
 656  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (76)</a></li>
 657
 658  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
 659
 660  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
 661
 662  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (65)</a></li>
 663
 664  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
 665
 666  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 667
 668  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 669
 670  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (22)</a></li>
 671
 672  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (80)</a></li>
 673
 674  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 675
 676  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
 677
 678 </ul>
 679
 680
 681     </div>
 682     <p style="text-align: right">
 683  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 684 </p>
 685
 686   </body>
 687 </html>