Generated.

[homepage.git] / blog / index.rss

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version='2.0' xmlns:lj='http://www.livejournal.org/rss/lj/1.0/' xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
        <channel>
                <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
                <description></description>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/</link>
                <atom:link href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/index.rss" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
        
        <item>
                <title>How to figure out which RAID disk to replace when it fail</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_figure_out_which_RAID_disk_to_replace_when_it_fail.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_figure_out_which_RAID_disk_to_replace_when_it_fail.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 14 Feb 2012 21:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Once in a while my home server have disk problems.  Thanks to Linux
Software RAID, I have not lost data yet (but
&lt;a href=&quot;http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.raid/34532&quot;&gt;I was
close&lt;/a&gt; this summer :).  But once a disk is starting to behave
funny, a practical problem present itself.  How to get from the Linux
device name (like /dev/sdd) to something that can be used to identify
the disk when the computer is turned off?  In my case I have SATA
disks with a unique ID printed on the label.  All I need is a way to
figure out how to query the disk to get the ID out.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After fumbling a bit, I
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-getting-scsi-ide-harddisk-information/&quot;&gt;found
that hdparm -I&lt;/a&gt; will report the disk serial number, which is
printed on the disk label.  The following (almost) one-liner can be
used to look up the ID of all the failed disks:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
for d in $(cat /proc/mdstat |grep &#39;(F)&#39;|tr &#39; &#39; &quot;\n&quot;|grep &#39;(F)&#39;|cut -d\[ -f1|sort -u);
do
    printf &quot;Failed disk $d: &quot;
    hdparm -I /dev/$d |grep &#39;Serial Num&#39;
done
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Putting it here to make sure I do not have to search for it the
next time, and in case other find it useful.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the moment I have two failing disk. :(&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
Failed disk sdd1:       Serial Number:      WD-WCASJ1860823
Failed disk sdd2:       Serial Number:      WD-WCASJ1860823
Failed disk sde2:       Serial Number:      WD-WCASJ1840589
&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The last time I had failing disks, I added the serial number on
labels I printed and stuck on the short sides of each disk, to be able
to figure out which disk to take out of the box without having to
remove each disk to look at the physical vendor label.  The vendor
label is at the top of the disk, which is hidden when the disks are
mounted inside my box.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I really wish the check_linux_raid Nagios plugin for checking Linux
Software RAID in the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nagios-plugins.html&quot;&gt;nagios-plugins-standard&lt;/a&gt;
debian package would look up this value automatically, as it would
make the plugin a lot more useful when my disks fail.  At the moment
it only report a failure when there are no more spares left (it really
should warn as soon as a disk is failing), and it do not tell me which
disk(s) is failing when the RAID is running short on disks.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Automatic proxy configuration with Debian Edu / Skolelinux</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_proxy_configuration_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_proxy_configuration_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Mon, 13 Feb 2012 23:40:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;New in the Squeeze version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; is the
ability for clients to automatically configure their proxy settings
based on their environment.  We want all systems on the client to use
the WPAD based proxy definition fetched from &lt;tt&gt;http://wpad/wpad.dat&lt;/tt&gt;, to
allow sites to control the proxy setting from a central place and make
sure clients do not have hard coded proxy settings.  The schools can
change the global proxy setting by editing
&lt;tt&gt;tjener:/etc/debian-edu/www/wpad.dat&lt;/tt&gt; and the change propagate
to all Debian Edu clients in the network.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The problem is that some systems do not understand the WPAD system.
In other words, how do one get from a WPAD file like this (this is a
simple one, they can run arbitrary code):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
{
   if (!isResolvable(host) ||
       isPlainHostName(host) ||
       dnsDomainIs(host, &quot;.intern&quot;))
      return &quot;DIRECT&quot;;
   else
      return &quot;PROXY webcache:3128; DIRECT&quot;;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;to a proxy setting in the process environment looking like this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
http_proxy=http://webcache:3128/
ftp_proxy=http://webcache:3128/
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To do this conversion I developed a perl script that will execute
the javascript fragment in the WPAD file and return the proxy that
would be used for
&lt;tt&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.debian.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.debian.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;,
and insert this extracted proxy URL in &lt;tt&gt;/etc/environment&lt;/tt&gt; and
&lt;tt&gt;/etc/apt/apt.conf&lt;/tt&gt;.  The perl script wpad-extract work just
fine in Squeeze, but in Wheezy the library it need to run the
javascript code is &lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/631045&quot;&gt;no longer
able to build&lt;/a&gt; because the C library it depended on is now a C++
library.  I hope someone find a solution to that problem before Wheezy
is frozen.  An alternative would be for us to rewrite wpad-extract to
use some other javascript library currently working in Wheezy, but no
known alternative is known at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This automatic proxy system allow the roaming workstation (aka
laptop) setup in Debian Edu/Squeeze to use the proxy when the laptop
is connected to the backbone network in a Debian Edu setup, and to
automatically use any proxy present and announced using the WPAD
feature when it is connected to other networks.  And if no proxy is
announced, direct connections will be used instead.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Silently using a proxy announced on the network might be a privacy
or security problem.  But those controlling DHCP and DNS on a network
could just as easily set up a transparent proxy, and force all HTTP
and FTP connections to use a proxy anyway, so I consider that
distinction to be academic.  If you are afraid of using the wrong
proxy, you should avoid connecting to the network in question in the
first place.  In Debian Edu, the proxy setup is updated using dhcp and
ifupdown hooks, to make sure the configuration is updated every time
the network setup changes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The WPAD system is documented in a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-wrec-wpad-01&quot;&gt;IETF
draft&lt;/a&gt; and a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Proxy_Autodiscovery_Protocol&quot;&gt;Wikipedia
page&lt;/a&gt; for those that want to learn more.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Axel Bojer</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Axel_Bojer.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Axel_Bojer.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 7 Feb 2012 14:50:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet har jeg
fått en av oversetterne som har vært med siden starten i tale.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg heter Axel Bojer og er datalærer, tysklærer, oversetter med
mere.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Tror jeg så en annonsering på nettet i slutten av 2001 og ville
være med som oversetter.  Jeg kom med på en utviklersamling og
prosjektet var da helt i starten.  Det var spennende å være med mens
prosjektet vokste til og utviklet seg.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg har «alltid» vært språkinteressert og hadde nettopp startet med
Linux og tror jeg tenkte det passet å bidra.  Var også glad for å få
en Debian-distribusjon, og ville gjerne bruke den selv.  Til å begynne
med brukte jeg først Mandrake og så Debian. Og siden jeg oppdaget at
det ikke var noen mulighet for å bruke den som enkeltstående i lang
tid, så gikk jeg etterhvert over til Kubuntu&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Løsningen er forholdsvis lett å sette opp, gratis, fri programvare
og gjør det mulig å gjenbruke eldre maskiner.  Det fine med Debian er
at det er stabilt og har en veldig stor mengde programmer. Jeg liker
også apt.  :-) Jeg liker også friheten ved Linux og muligheten til å
delta og forme sin egen datahverdag.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux er for lite kjent og for sent ute med å gi ut nye
versjoner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Da jeg selv i hovedsak bruker Kubuntu, så kan jeg egentlig ikke
svare så detaljert rundt ulempene med Skolelinux.  Hovedårsaken til at
jeg bruker Kubuntu er nok at da vi begynte med det mener jeg det ikke
var noen annen løsning.  «Vandrende arbeidsstasjon» mener jeg ikke
fantes da.  Dessuten ville jeg ha siste versjon, da den KDE-versjonen
som var i Skolelinux den gangen var en god del enklere (tror det var
KDE 2) var dårligere i mine øyne enn versjon 3.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg bruker blant annet Kubuntu, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox,
Kate, &lt;a href=&quot;http://comix.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;Comix&lt;/a&gt; og Konsole.  Og
en hel haug andre ved behov :-)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Har oversatt Comix selv, men det er jo ikke skjedd noe med Comix
siden 2009, så den er det nok bare jeg som har.  Om andre vil ha den
gir jeg den gjerne videre.  Ser at noen har startet på
&lt;a href=&quot;http://mcomix.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;MComix&lt;/a&gt; siden jeg så på så
på dette sist, så nå er jeg igang med å teste og oversette den
også.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det viktigste er å forankre beslutningen i kollegiet og med de som
er ansvarlige for å vedlikeholde og bruke datamaskinene.  Flest mulig
bør være med på å holde det (sosialt) vedlike, kjenne og støtte
prinsippene. Som enkeltmannsprosjekt blir det lett veldig sårbart,
særlig når (Skole)linux ennå i stor grad er en motkultur og ikke noe
en stor nok andel av beslutningstakere, brukere osv kjenner til og
bruker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg tror det viktigste er å fortsette å holde fri programvare godt,
oppdatert, minimere antall feil, ha en god kontakt med brukerne og
attraktivt og spennende programmer. Beholde alt som er bra og ha det
tilgjengelig samtidig som man tilbyr det nyeste og rareste for de som
vil ha det.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Saving power with Debian Edu / Skolelinux using shutdown-at-night</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sun, 5 Feb 2012 09:45:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;Since the Lenny version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;, a
feature to save power have been included.  It is as simple as it is
practical: Shut down unused clients at night, and turn them on again
in the morning.  This is done using the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shutdown-at-night.html&quot;&gt;shutdown-at-night&lt;/a&gt; Debian package.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;To enable this feature on a client, the machine need to be added to
the netgroup shutdown-at-night-hosts.  For Debian Edu, this is done in
LDAP, and once this is in place, the machine in question will check
every hour from 16:00 until 06:00 to see if the machine is unused, and
shut it down if it is.  If the hardware in question is supported by
the
&lt;a href=&quot;http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nvram-wakeup.html&quot;&gt;nvram-wakeup&lt;/a&gt;
package, the BIOS is told to turn the machine back on around 07:00 +-
10 minutes.  If this isn&#39;t working, one can configure wake-on-lan to
try to turn on the client.  The wake-on-lan option is only documented
and not enabled by default in Debian Edu.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is important to not turn all machines on at once, as this can
blow a fuse if several computers are connected to the same fuse like
the common setup for a classroom.  The nvram-wakeup method only work
for machines with a functioning hardware/BIOS clock.  I&#39;ve seen old
machines where the BIOS battery were dead and the hardware clock were
starting from 0 (or was it 1990?) every boot.  If you have one of
those, you have to turn on the computer manually.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The shutdown-at-night package is completely self contained, and can
also be used outside the Debian Edu environment.  For those without a
central LDAP server with netgroups, one can instead touch the file
&lt;tt&gt;/etc/shutdown-at-night/shutdown-at-night&lt;/tt&gt; to enable it.
Perhaps you too can use it to save some power?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Third beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Sat, 4 Feb 2012 13:25:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I am happy to announce that finally we managed today to wrap up and
publish the third beta version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based
on Squeeze.  If you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with
out of the box PXE configuration for running diskless machines and
installing new machines, check it out.  If you need a software
solution for your school, check it out too.  The full announcement is
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/02/msg00000.html&quot;&gt;available&lt;/a&gt;
on the project announcement list.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I am very happy to report these changes and improvements since
beta2 (there are more, see announcement for full list):&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;

&lt;li&gt;It is now possible to change the pre-configured IP subnet from
  10.0.0.0/8 to something else by using the subnet-change tool after
  the installation.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;Too full partitions are now automatically extended on the Main
  Server, based on the rules specified in /etc/fsautoresizetab.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The CUPS queues are now automatically flushed every night, and all
  disabled queues are restarted every hour.  This should cut down on
  the amount of manual administration needed for printers.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;The set of initial users have been changed.  Now a personal user
  for the local system administrator is created during installation
  instead of the previously created localadmin and super-admin users,
  and this user is granted administrative privileges using group
  membership.  This reduces the number of passwords one need to keep
  up to date on the system.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The new main server seem to work so well that I am testing it as my
private DNS/LDAP/Kerberos/PXE/LTSP server at home.  I will use it look
for issues we could fix to polish Debian Edu even further before the
final Squeeze release is published.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next weekend the project organise a
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00001.html&quot;&gt;developer
gathering&lt;/a&gt; in Oslo.  We will continue the work on the Squeeze
version, and start initial planning for the Wheezy version.  Perhaps I
will see you there?&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Handling non-free firmware in Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Handling_non_free_firmware_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2012 23:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;With some computer hardware, one need non-free firmware blobs.
This is the sad fact of todays computers.  In the next version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; based
on Squeeze, we provide several scripts and modifications to make
firmware blobs easier to handle.  The common use case I run into is a
laptop with a wireless network card requiring non-free firmware to
work, but there are other use cases as well.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, Debian Edu provide ISO images for DVD and CD
with all firmware packages in the Debian sections main and non-free
included, to ensure debian-installer find and can install all of them
during installation.  This take care firmware for network devices used
by the installer when installing from from local media.  But for
example multimedia devices are not activated in the installer and are
not taken care of by this.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For non-network devices, we provide the script
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/auto-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; which
search through the &lt;tt&gt;dmesg&lt;/tt&gt; output for drivers requesting extra
firmware.  The firmware file name is looked up in the Contents-ARCH.gz
file available in the package repository, and the packages providing
the requested firmware file(s) is installed.  I have proposed to do
something similar in debian-installer (BTS report
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bugs.debian.org/655507&quot;&gt;#655507&lt;/a&gt;), to allow PXE
installs of Debian to handle firmware installation better.  Run the
script as root from the command line to fetch and install the needed
firmware packages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Debian Edu provide PXE installation of Debian out of the box, and
because some machines need firmware to get their network cards
working, the installation initrd some times need extra firmware
included to be able to install at all.  To fill the PXE installation
initrd with extra firmware, the
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; script is
provided.  Again, just run it as root on the command line to fill the
PXE initrd with firmware packages.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Last, some LTSP clients might also need firmware to get their
network cards working.  For this,
&lt;tt&gt;/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware&lt;/tt&gt; is
provided to update the LTSP initrd with firmware blobs.  It is used
the same way as the other firmware related tools.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At the moment, we do not run any of these during installation.  We
do not know if this is acceptable for the local administrator to use
non-free software, and it is their choice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We plan to release beta3 this weekend.  You might want to give it a
try.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skjermbilder fra nordsamisk installasjon av Skolelinux/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skjermbilder_fra_nordsamisk_installasjon_av_Skolelinux_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;For morro skyld har jeg gjennomført en nordsamisk installasjon for
neste utgave av &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;
(Squeeze) og knipset skjermbilder av resultatet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Som en kan se der er det noen oversettelser som mangler.  Det hadde
vært hyggelig hvis alle tekstene som vises i Skolelinux-installasjonen
ble oversatt til nordsamisk, men for å få det til må noen som forstår
språket melde seg til dyst.  Det er mangel på nordsamiske oversettere
av fri programvare.  Hvis noen starter raskt, så bør en rekke å
fullføre Wheezy-utgaven før den gis ut. :)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Se &lt;a href=&quot;http://d-i.debian.org/l10n-stats/&quot;&gt;oversetterstatistikk for
debian installer&lt;/a&gt; for detaljert status.  Jeg har tipset
&lt;a href=&quot;https://lister.ping.uio.no/mailman/listinfo/i18n-sme&quot;&gt;epostlisten for samiskoversettelser&lt;/a&gt;,
men det har vært veldig liten aktivitet der de siste årene.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/01-isomenu.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/02-sme-lang.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/03-sme-place.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/04-sme-keymap.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/05-sme-profile.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/06-sme-autopart.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/07-sme-popcon.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/08-sme-rootpw1.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/09-sme-rootpw2.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/10-sme-firstuser.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/11-sme-firstusername.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/12-sme-firstuserpw1.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/13-sme-firstuserpw2.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/14-sme-part.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/15-sme-debootstrap.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/16-sme-tasksel.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/17-sme-wordlist.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/18-sme-tasksel.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/19-sme-ltsp.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/20-sme-grub.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/21-sme-finish-install.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2012-01-26-skolelinux-sme/22-sme-finish-message.png&quot; width=&quot;40%&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Setting up a new school with Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Setting_up_a_new_school_with_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;The next version of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu
/ Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; will include a new tool
&lt;tt&gt;sitesummary2ldapdhcp&lt;/tt&gt;, which can be used to quickly set up all
the computers in a school without much manual labour.  Here is a short
summary on how to use it to set up a new school.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, install a combined Main Server and Thin Client Server as the
central server in the network.  Next, PXE boot all the client machines
as thin clients and wait 5 minutes after the last client booted to
allow the clients to report their existence to the central server.  When
this is done, log on to the central server and run
&lt;tt&gt;sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a&lt;/tt&gt; in the &lt;tt&gt;konsole&lt;/tt&gt; to use the
collected information to generate system objects in LDAP.  The output
will look similar to this:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;
% sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a
info: Updating machine tjener.intern [10.0.2.2] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:05.
info: Create GOsa machine for auto-mac-00-01-02-03-04-06 [10.0.16.20] id ether-00:01:02:03:04:06.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: *******
% 
&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After providing the LDAP administrative password (the same as the
root password set during installation), the LDAP database will be
populated with system objects for each PXE booted machine with
automatically generated names.  The final step to set up the school is
then to log into &lt;a href=&quot;https://oss.gonicus.de/labs/gosa/&quot;&gt;GOsa&lt;/a&gt;,
the web based user, group and system administration system to change
system names, add systems to the correct host groups and finally
enable DHCP and DNS for the systems.  All clients that should be used
as diskless workstations should be added to the workstation-hosts
group.  After this is done, all computers can be booted again via PXE
and get their assigned names and group based configuration
automatically.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We plan to release beta3 with the updated version of this feature
enabled this weekend.  You might want to give it a try.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Update 2012-01-28: When calling sitesummary2ldapdhcp to add new
hosts, one need to add the option -a.  I forgot to mention this in my
original text, and have added it to the text now.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Skolelinux-intervju: Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Paul_Reidar_L_snesl_kken.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Wed, 18 Jan 2012 14:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;I serien med intervjuer av folk i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt;-miljøet, har jeg nå
lyktes med å få tak i en skolemann som ikke er aktiv med utviklingen,
men likevel har vært med nesten siden starten av prosjektet.  Jeg
ønsker derfor velkommen til Paul Reidar Løsnesløkken, en mann med
mange års erfaring i bruk av Skolelinux.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg driftet tidligere IKT løsningen for skolene i
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nord-odal.kommune.no/&quot;&gt;Nord-Odal&lt;/a&gt;.  I dag er jeg
IKT-konsulent for hele kommunen og samarbeider med
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hedmarken-ikt.no/&quot;&gt;Hedmark-IKT&lt;/a&gt; for best mulig
tjenester til kommunen. Jeg har bakgrunn som elektronikkreparatør og
grunnskolelærer og har tatt en del fag innen IKT, i hovedsak
driftsfag. IKT i Nord-Odal kommune blir i dag driftet av Hedmark IKT
som er et samarbeid mellom Løten, Stange, Grue, Hamar, Kongsvinger og
Nord-Odal. Jeg er fortsatt &quot;IKT-personen&quot; på skolene i kommunen og
følger opp og gjør enkelte mindre endringer der.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kommunen satset på Skolelinux i 2004.  Jeg var ikke med i
beslutningsprosessen den gang, men ble likevel med fra starten når
dette ble levert.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Fordelene med Skolelinux er rask oppstart, sentral drift av
klientene, klienter som jobber raskt og effektivt, bedre
funksjonalitet på eldre utstyr og en ganske god programpakke med fri
programvare som følger med.  Løsningen med halvtykke klienter gjør at
prosessering skjer lokalt med alltid ferske maskiner.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Skolelinux kan fungere godt på gammelt utstyr, men det er klart at
utstyr også blir for gammelt selv for Skolelinux.  I forbindelese med
at vi nylig fikk nye servere og ny installasjon kastet jeg ut ca 60
klienter som fortsatt var i drift etter at de var kjøpt godt brukt i
2004.  Noe var rundt 15 år gammelt, men var fortsatt i bruk. Noen
klaget på at det nå gikk veldig tregt på en del pedagogiske nettsider
med flash o.l. Det er fullt forståelig.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Jeg fikk nylig et spørsmål fra ungdomsskolens rektor om jeg kunne
legge inn &lt;a href=&quot;http://freemind.sourceforge.net/&quot;&gt;FreeMind&lt;/a&gt;, et
tankekartprogram , på skolens elev-Windowsmaskiner. Lærerne hadde
vært på kurs og ville ta dette i bruk. Skolen har ca halvparten av
elevmaskinene på bærbare Windowsmaskiner. Da kunne jeg fortelle at
dette programmet allerede lå inne på den nye Skolelinuxløsningen
som nettopp var satt i drift, klart til bruk.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har de bærbare maskinene på ungdomsskolen i domene med
Skolelinux.  Dette fungerer også meget bra nå. Elevene får opp en
midlertidig windowsprofil når de logger på.  Denne profilen slettes
etter at de logger av, noe som medfører rene profiler hver gang de
starter opp en maskin.  De må lagre i sin Skolelinprofil, noe som
medfører at de får tak i sine filer uavhengig av om de starter en
Windowsmaskin eller en Skolelinuxklient. Det er mye mindre trafikk i
det trådløse nettet etter at ikke hele profiler blir lastet opp til de
enkelte Windowsmaskinene og tilbake når man avslutter. Jeg vet ikke om
dette er standardoppsett i Skolelinux, men slik er vårt oppsett
nå.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Vi har i flere år satt opp vår løsning slik at skriverkøer slettes
og skrivere startes hver natt.  Hyggelig å høre at dette nå skal bli
en standard i Skolelinuxløsningen.  Dette har vært en god hjelp for
oss.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Elevene er lite opptatt av om de jobber på en Skolelinux eller en
Windowsmaskin bare de har de programmene de trenger og at det virker
når det skal brukes. Vi kjører mest mulig de samme programmene på
Windows som i Skolelinux, som f.eks Audacity og LibreOffice.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Lærere bruker hos oss Windows. Dette fordi de da selv har mer
kontroll over sin maskin, kan bruke den overalt, og kan legge inn
programmer selv når de trenger noe i forhold til kurs o.l de er
på. Jeg tror lærernes selvstendighet her gjør dem tryggere på IKT-bruk
generelt. Det at de av og til får opp advarsler og lignende gjør også
at de må tenke igjennom og spørre om ting rundt datasikkerhet.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er en del programmer vi bruker som ikke finnes for Linux.  Mest
brukt er nok Photostory3 som brukes i mange sammenhenger, særlig på
ungdomsskolen, bl.a. til å lage herbarier (plantesamling) .  Dette
finnes gratis for Windows, men er ikke fri programvare.  Vi er opptatt
av at programmer elevene bruker på skolen også kan brukes gratis
hjemme. Det er også en del programmer som brukes til spesielle elever
som bare går i Windows. Det er viktig med fokus på funksjoner og ikke
på hvilket OS man bruker.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For oss er det kombinasjonen mellom Skolelinux og Windows som gir
oss en god og hel løsning. Skolelinux er best der de er gode.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Selv er det LibreOffice jeg bruker til daglig.  Jeg bruker selv en
Windowsmaskin. Jeg har benyttet en del fri programvare i forbindelse
med sjekking av trafikk i nettverk, slik som Wireshark, men dette er
jo ikke aktuelt for skolene. Jeg er generelt glad i programmer som
fungerer på både Linux og Windows og gjerne MAC.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Det er viktig at det benyttes programmer som elevene også kan ta i
bruk hjemme.  Det skal da være enkelt, lovlig og gratis for
elevene. Da er jeg ikke lenger veldig opptatt av om det kalles &quot;fri
programvare&quot;.  For skolene tror jeg &quot;gratis&quot; og &quot;funksjonelt&quot; er bedre
begreper enn &quot;fri&quot; i forhold til programmer.  De fleste skiller nok
ikke mellom &quot;fri&quot; og &quot;gratis&quot;. Det er nå svært mange elever som
benytter OpenOffice eller LibreOffice som sin primære kontorpakke
hjemme.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        <item>
                <title>Changing the default Iceweasel start page in Debian Edu/Squeeze</title>
                <link>http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</link>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Changing_the_default_Iceweasel_start_page_in_Debian_Edu_Squeeze.html</guid>
                <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jan 2012 15:30:00 +0100</pubDate>
                <description>&lt;p&gt;In the Squeeze version of
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.skolelinux.org/&quot;&gt;Debian Edu / Skolelinux&lt;/a&gt; soon
to be released, users of the system will get their default browser
start page set from LDAP, allowing the system administrator to point
all users to the school web page by updating one setting in LDAP.  In
addition to setting the default start page when a machine boots, users
are shown the same page as a welcome page when they log in for the
first time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The LDAP object dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no have an attribute
labeledURI with &quot;http://www/ LDAP for Debian Edu/Skolelinux&quot; as the
default content.  By changing this value to another URL, all users get
to see the page behind this new URL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;An easy way to update it is by using the ldapvi tool.  It can be
called as &quot;&lt;tt&gt;ldapvi -ZD &#39;(cn=admin)&#39;&lt;/tt&gt;&#39; to update LDAP with the
new setting.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;We have written the code to adjust the default start page and show
the welcome page, and I wonder if there is an easier way to do this
from within Iceweasel instead.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
        </item>
        
        </channel>
</rss>