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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/French_Docbook_PDF_EPUB_MOBI_edition_of_the_Free_Culture_book.html">French Docbook/PDF/EPUB/MOBI edition of the Free Culture book</a></div>
  24       <div class="date"> 1st October 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>As I wrap up the Norwegian version of
  26 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
  27 Culture</a> book by Lawrence Lessig (still waiting for my final proof
  28 reading copy to arrive in the mail), my great
  29 <a href="http://dblatex.sourceforge.net/">dblatex</a> helper and
  30 developer of the dblatex docbook processor, Benoît Guillon, decided a
  31 to try to create a French version of the book.  He started with the
  32 French translation available from the
  33 <a href="http://www.wikilivres.ca/wiki/Culture_libre">Wikilivres wiki
  34 pages</a>, and wrote a program to convert it into a PO file, allowing
  35 the translation to be integrated into the po4a based framework I use
  36 to create the Norwegian translation from the English edition.  We meet
  37 on the <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23dblatex">#dblatex IRC
  38 channel</a> to discuss the work.  If you want to help create a French
  39 edition, check out
  40 <a href="https://github.com/marsgui/free-culture-lessig">his git
  41 repository</a> and join us on IRC.  If the French edition look good,
  42 we might publish it as a paper book on lulu.com.  A French version of
  43 the drawings and the cover need to be provided for this to happen.</p>
  44 </div>
  45       <div class="tags">
  46
  47
  48         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
  49
  50
  51       </div>
  52     </div>
  53     <div class="padding"></div>
  54
  55     <div class="entry">
  56       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_life_and_death_of_a_laptop_battery.html">The life and death of a laptop battery</a></div>
  57       <div class="date">24th September 2015</div>
  58       <div class="body"><p>When I get a new laptop, the battery life time at the start is OK.
  59 But this do not last.  The last few laptops gave me a feeling that
  60 within a year, the life time is just a fraction of what it used to be,
  61 and it slowly become painful to use the laptop without power connected
  62 all the time.  Because of this, when I got a new Thinkpad X230 laptop
  63 about two years ago, I decided to monitor its battery state to have
  64 more hard facts when the battery started to fail.</p>
  65
  66 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-24-laptop-battery-graph.png"/>
  67
  68 <p>First I tried to find a sensible Debian package to record the
  69 battery status, assuming that this must be a problem already handled
  70 by someone else.  I found
  71 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/battery-stats">battery-stats</a>,
  72 which collects statistics from the battery, but it was completely
  73 broken.  I sent a few suggestions to the maintainer, but decided to
  74 write my own collector as a shell script while I waited for feedback
  75 from him.  Via
  76 <a href="http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html">a
  77 blog post about the battery development on a MacBook Air</a> I also
  78 discovered
  79 <a href="https://github.com/jradavenport/batlog.git">batlog</a>, not
  80 available in Debian.</p>
  81
  82 <p>I started my collector 2013-07-15, and it has been collecting
  83 battery stats ever since. Now my
  84 /var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log file contain around 115,000
  85 measurements, from the time the battery was working great until now,
  86 when it is unable to charge above 7% of original capacity.  My
  87 collector shell script is quite simple and look like this:</p>
  88
  89 <pre>
  90 #!/bin/sh
  91 # Inspired by
  92 # http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html
  93 # See also
  94 # http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/02/debian-how-to-monitor-battery-capacity/
  95 logfile=/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log
  96
  97 files="manufacturer model_name technology serial_number \
  98     energy_full energy_full_design energy_now cycle_count status"
  99
 100 if [ ! -e "$logfile" ] ; then
 101     (
 102         printf "timestamp,"
 103         for f in $files; do
 104             printf "%s," $f
 105         done
 106         echo
 107     ) > "$logfile"
 108 fi
 109
 110 log_battery() {
 111     # Print complete message in one echo call, to avoid race condition
 112     # when several log processes run in parallel.
 113     msg=$(printf "%s," $(date +%s); \
 114         for f in $files; do \
 115             printf "%s," $(cat $f); \
 116         done)
 117     echo "$msg"
 118 }
 119
 120 cd /sys/class/power_supply
 121
 122 for bat in BAT*; do
 123     (cd $bat && log_battery >> "$logfile")
 124 done
 125 </pre>
 126
 127 <p>The script is called when the power management system detect a
 128 change in the power status (power plug in or out), and when going into
 129 and out of hibernation and suspend.  In addition, it collect a value
 130 every 10 minutes.  This make it possible for me know when the battery
 131 is discharging, charging and how the maximum charge change over time.
 132 The code for the Debian package
 133 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/battery-status">is now
 134 available on github</a>.</p>
 135
 136 <p>The collected log file look like this:</p>
 137
 138 <pre>
 139 timestamp,manufacturer,model_name,technology,serial_number,energy_full,energy_full_design,energy_now,cycle_count,status,
 140 1376591133,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,62800000,62160000,39050000,0,Discharging,
 141 [...]
 142 1443090528,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 143 1443090601,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 144 </pre>
 145
 146 <p>I wrote a small script to create a graph of the charge development
 147 over time.  This graph depicted above show the slow death of my laptop
 148 battery.</p>
 149
 150 <p>But why is this happening?  Why are my laptop batteries always
 151 dying in a year or two, while the batteries of space probes and
 152 satellites keep working year after year.  If we are to believe
 153 <a href="http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries">Battery
 154 University</a>, the cause is me charging the battery whenever I have a
 155 chance, and the fix is to not charge the Lithium-ion batteries to 100%
 156 all the time, but to stay below 90% of full charge most of the time.
 157 I've been told that the Tesla electric cars
 158 <a href="http://my.teslamotors.com/de_CH/forum/forums/battery-charge-limit">limit
 159 the charge of their batteries to 80%</a>, with the option to charge to
 160 100% when preparing for a longer trip (not that I would want a car
 161 like Tesla where rights to privacy is abandoned, but that is another
 162 story), which I guess is the option we should have for laptops on
 163 Linux too.</p>
 164
 165 <p>Is there a good and generic way with Linux to tell the battery to
 166 stop charging at 80%, unless requested to charge to 100% once in
 167 preparation for a longer trip?  I found
 168 <a href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/34452/how-can-i-limit-battery-charging-to-80-capacity">one
 169 recipe on askubuntu for Ubuntu to limit charging on Thinkpad to
 170 80%</a>, but could not get it to work (kernel module refused to
 171 load).</p>
 172
 173 <p>I wonder why the battery capacity was reported to be more than 100%
 174 at the start.  I also wonder why the "full capacity" increases some
 175 times, and if it is possible to repeat the process to get the battery
 176 back to design capacity.  And I wonder if the discharge and charge
 177 speed change over time, or if this stay the same.  I did not yet try
 178 to write a tool to calculate the derivative values of the battery
 179 level, but suspect some interesting insights might be learned from
 180 those.</p>
 181
 182 <p>Update 2015-09-24: I got a tip to install the packages
 183 acpi-call-dkms and tlp (unfortunately missing in Debian stable)
 184 packages instead of the tp-smapi-dkms package I had tried to use
 185 initially, and use 'tlp setcharge 40 80' to change when charging start
 186 and stop.  I've done so now, but expect my existing battery is toast
 187 and need to be replaced.  The proposal is unfortunately Thinkpad
 188 specific.</p>
 189 </div>
 190       <div class="tags">
 191
 192
 193         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 194
 195
 196       </div>
 197     </div>
 198     <div class="padding"></div>
 199
 200     <div class="entry">
 201       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Book_cover_for_the_Free_Culture_book_finally_done.html">Book cover for the Free Culture book finally done</a></div>
 202       <div class="date"> 3rd September 2015</div>
 203       <div class="body"><p>Creating a good looking book cover proved harder than I expected.
 204 I wanted to create a cover looking similar to the original cover of
 205 the
 206 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
 207 Culture</a> book we are translating to Norwegian, and I wanted it in
 208 vector format for high resolution printing.  But my inkscape knowledge
 209 were not nearly good enough to pull that off.
 210
 211 <p>But thanks to the great inkscape community, I was able to wrap up
 212 the cover yesterday evening.  I asked on the
 213 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23inkscape">#inkscape IRC channel</a>
 214 on Freenode for help and clues, and Marc Jeanmougin (Mc-) volunteered
 215 to try to recreate it based on the PDF of the cover from the HTML
 216 version.  Not only did he create a
 217 <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/copy1.svg ">SVG document with
 218 the original and his vector version side by side</a>, he even provided
 219 an <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/out-1.ogv">instruction
 220 video</a> explaining how he did it</a>.  But the instruction video is
 221 not easy to follow for an untrained inkscape user. The video is a
 222 recording on how he did it, and he is obviously very experienced as
 223 the menu selections are very quick and he mentioned on IRC that he did
 224 use some keyboard shortcuts that can't be seen on the video, but it
 225 give a good idea about the inkscape operations to use to create the
 226 stripes with the embossed copyright sign in the center.</p>
 227
 228 <p>I took his SVG file, copied the vector image and re-sized it to fit
 229 on the cover I was drawing.  I am happy with the end result, and the
 230 current english version look like this:</p>
 231
 232 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-03-free-culture-cover.png" width="70%" align="center"/>
 233
 234 <p>I am not quite sure about the text on the back, but guess it will
 235 do.  I picked three quotes from the official site for the book, and
 236 hope it will work to trigger the interest of potential readers.  The
 237 Norwegian cover will look the same, but with the texts and bar code
 238 replaced with the Norwegian version.</p>
 239
 240 <p>The book is very close to being ready for publication, and I expect
 241 to upload the final draft to Lulu in the next few days and order a
 242 final proof reading copy to verify that everything look like it should
 243 before allowing everyone to order their own copy of Free Culture, in
 244 English or Norwegian Bokmål.  I'm waiting to give the the productive
 245 proof readers a chance to complete their work.</p>
 246 </div>
 247       <div class="tags">
 248
 249
 250         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 251
 252
 253       </div>
 254     </div>
 255     <div class="padding"></div>
 256
 257     <div class="entry">
 258       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/In_my_hand__a_pocket_book_edition_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_.html">In my hand, a pocket book edition of the Norwegian Free Culture book!</a></div>
 259       <div class="date">19th August 2015</div>
 260       <div class="body"><p>Today, finally, my first printed draft edition of the Norwegian
 261 translation of Free Culture I have been working on for the last few
 262 years arrived in the mail.  I had to fake a cover to get the interior
 263 printed, and the exterior of the book look awful, but that is
 264 irrelevant at this point.  I asked for a printed pocket book version
 265 to get an idea about the font sizes and paper format as well as how
 266 good the figures and images look in print, but also to test what the
 267 pocket book version would look like.  After receiving the 500 page
 268 pocket book, it became obvious to me that that pocket book size is too
 269 small for this book.  I believe the book is too thick, and several
 270 tables and figures do not look good in the size they get with that
 271 small page sizes.  I believe I will go with the 5.5x8.5 inch size
 272 instead.  A surprise discovery from the paper version was how bad the
 273 URLs look in print.  They are very hard to read in the colophon page.
 274 The URLs are red in the PDF, but light gray on paper.  I need to
 275 change the color of links somehow to look better.  But there is a
 276 printed book in my hand, and it feels great. :)</p>
 277
 278 <p>Now I only need to fix the cover, wrap up the postscript with the
 279 store behind the book, and collect the last corrections from the proof
 280 readers before the book is ready for proper printing.  Cover artists
 281 willing to work for free and create a Creative Commons licensed vector
 282 file looking similar to the original is most welcome, as my skills as
 283 a graphics designer are mostly missing.</p>
 284 </div>
 285       <div class="tags">
 286
 287
 288         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 289
 290
 291       </div>
 292     </div>
 293     <div class="padding"></div>
 294
 295     <div class="entry">
 296       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_paper_version_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_heading_my_way.html">First paper version of the Norwegian Free Culture book heading my way</a></div>
 297       <div class="date"> 9th August 2015</div>
 298       <div class="body"><p>Typesetting a book is harder than I hoped.  As the translation is
 299 mostly done, and a volunteer proof reader was going to check the text
 300 on paper, it was time this summer to focus on formatting my translated
 301 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> based version of the
 302 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> book by Lawrence
 303 Lessig.  I've been trying to get both docboox-xsl+fop and dblatex to
 304 give me a good looking PDF, but in the end I went with dblatex, because
 305 its Debian maintainer and upstream developer were responsive and very
 306 helpful in solving my formatting challenges.</p>
 307
 308 <p>Last night, I finally managed to create a PDF that no longer made
 309 <a href="http://www.lulu.com/">Lulu.com</a> complain after uploading,
 310 and I ordered a text version of the book on paper.  It is lacking a
 311 proper book cover and is not tagged with the correct ISBN number, but
 312 should give me an idea what the finished book will look like.</p>
 313
 314 <p>Instead of using Lulu, I did consider printing the book using
 315 <a href="http://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace</a>, but ended up
 316 using Lulu because it had smaller book size options (CreateSpace seem
 317 to lack pocket book with extended distribution).  I looked for a
 318 similar service in Norway, but have not seen anything so far.  Please
 319 let me know if I am missing out on something here.</p>
 320
 321 <p>But I still struggle to decide the book size.  Should I go for
 322 pocket book (4.25x6.875 inches / 10.8x17.5 cm) with 556 pages, Digest
 323 (5.5x8.5 inches / 14x21.6 cm) with 323 pages or US Trade (6x8 inches /
 324 15.3x22.9 cm) with 280 pages?  Fewer pager give a cheaper book, and a
 325 smaller book is easier to carry around.  The test book I ordered was
 326 pocket book sized, to give me an idea how well that fit in my hand,
 327 but I suspect I will end up using a digest sized book in the end to
 328 bring the prize down further.</p>
 329
 330 <p>My biggest challenge at the moment is making nice cover art.  My
 331 inkscape skills are not yet up to the task of replicating the original
 332 cover in SVG format.  I also need to figure out what to write about
 333 the book on the back (will most likely use the same text as the
 334 description on web based book stores).  I would love help with this,
 335 if you are willing to license the art source and final version using
 336 the same CC license as the book.  My artistic skills are not really up
 337 to the task.</p>
 338
 339 <p>I plan to publish the book in both English and Norwegian and on
 340 paper, in PDF form as well as EPUB and MOBI format.  The current
 341 status can as usual be found on
 342 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
 343 in the archive/ directory.  So far I have spent all time on making the
 344 PDF version look good.  Someone should probably do the same with the
 345 dbtoepub generated e-book.  Help is definitely needed here, as I
 346 expect to run out of steem before I find time to improve the epub
 347 formatting.</p>
 348
 349 <p>Please let me know via github if you find typos in the book or
 350 discover translations that should be improved.  The final proof
 351 reading is being done right now, and I expect to publish the finished
 352 result in a few months.</p>
 353 </div>
 354       <div class="tags">
 355
 356
 357         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 358
 359
 360       </div>
 361     </div>
 362     <div class="padding"></div>
 363
 364     <div class="entry">
 365       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html">Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</a></div>
 366       <div class="date">16th July 2015</div>
 367       <div class="body"><p>I'm still working on the Norwegian version of the
 368 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture book by Lawrence
 369 Lessig</a>, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
 370 One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
 371 original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
 372 chapter.  Based on the
 373 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/685063">feedback from the Debian
 374 maintainer and the dblatex developer</a>, I came up with this recipe I
 375 would like to share with you.  The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
 376 class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
 377 practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
 378 file variable.  So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
 379 parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
 380 the generated LaTeX File.</p>
 381
 382 <p>First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
 383 and add this text there:</p>
 384
 385 <pre>
 386 &lt;?latex \theendnotes ?&gt;
 387 </pre>
 388
 389 <p>Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
 390 code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
 391 generated LaTeX document, with content like this:</p>
 392
 393 <pre>
 394 &lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
 395 &lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version='1.0'&gt;
 396   &lt;xsl:param name="latex.begindocument"&gt;
 397     &lt;xsl:text&gt;
 398 \usepackage{endnotes}
 399 \let\footnote=\endnote
 400 \def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
 401 \begin{document}
 402     &lt;/xsl:text&gt;
 403   &lt;/xsl:param&gt;
 404 &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;
 405 </pre>
 406
 407 <p>Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
 408 this:</p>
 409
 410 <pre>
 411 dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
 412 </pre>
 413
 414 <p>The end result can be seen on github, where
 415 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">my
 416 book project</a> is located.</p>
 417 </div>
 418       <div class="tags">
 419
 420
 421         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 422
 423
 424       </div>
 425     </div>
 426     <div class="padding"></div>
 427
 428     <div class="entry">
 429       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
 430       <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
 431       <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
 432 <a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
 433 Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
 434 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
 435 av NUUG</a> via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
 436 Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
 437 på plass de siste bitene.  Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
 438 primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
 439 oppsett fra mange flere.  Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
 440 og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
 441 ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
 442
 443 <p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
 444 tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
 445 til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
 446 før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten.  Ta en titt, og se
 447 om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
 448 inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
 449
 450 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
 451 anbefaler jeg deg å se
 452 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
 453 Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
 454 hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt.  Det er en inspirerende
 455 historie.</p>
 456 </div>
 457       <div class="tags">
 458
 459
 460         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
 461
 462
 463       </div>
 464     </div>
 465     <div class="padding"></div>
 466
 467     <div class="entry">
 468       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
 469       <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
 470       <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
 471 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
 472 they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
 473 the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
 474 if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
 475 does not.</p>
 476
 477 <p>I started by asking for more information about the various
 478 licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
 479 Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
 480 did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
 481
 482 <p><blockquote>
 483
 484 <p>According to
 485 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
 486 MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
 487 using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
 488 Video".  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
 489 Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
 490 exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
 491
 492 <p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
 493 PDF named
 494 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
 495 Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
 496 fees:</p>
 497
 498 <ul>
 499  <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
 500   <ul>
 501    <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
 502      subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
 503      $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
 504      1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
 505
 506    <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
 507      length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
 508   </ul></li>
 509
 510  <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
 511   <ul>
 512    <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
 513      (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
 514      maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
 515
 516    <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
 517      – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
 518   </ul></li>
 519 </ul>
 520
 521 <p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
 522 categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
 523 Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
 524 one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
 525 explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
 526 the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
 527
 528 <p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
 529 "video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
 530 subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
 531 get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
 532 Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
 533 Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
 534 access to personalized services?</p>
 535
 536 <p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
 537 Internet.</p>
 538 </blockquote></p>
 539
 540 <p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
 541 with the MPEG LA:</p>
 542
 543 <p><blockquote>
 544 <p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
 545 appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
 546
 547 <p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
 548 which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
 549 the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
 550 provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
 551 technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
 552 video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
 553 paying the applicable royalties.</p>
 554
 555 <p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
 556 defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
 557 the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
 558 which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
 559 AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
 560 receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
 561 Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
 562 License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
 563 free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
 564 AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
 565 access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
 566 no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
 567
 568 <p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
 569 specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
 570 video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
 571 Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
 572 content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
 573 Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
 574 be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
 575
 576 <p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
 577 through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
 578 such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
 579 subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
 580
 581 <p>For your reference, I have attached
 582 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
 583 .pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
 584 sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
 585 2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
 586 You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
 587 Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
 588 Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
 589 electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
 590 be used for execution.</p>
 591
 592 <p>I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
 593 questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
 594 free to contact me directly.</p>
 595 </blockquote></p>
 596
 597 <p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
 598 that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
 599 me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
 600 But I still had a few questions:</p>
 601
 602 <p><blockquote>
 603 <p>I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
 604 a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
 605 reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
 606 clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
 607 typically look similar to this:
 608
 609 <p><blockquote>
 610   This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
 611   the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
 612   video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
 613   decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
 614   personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
 615   obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
 616   license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
 617   information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
 618 </blockquote></p>
 619
 620 <p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
 621 an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
 622 there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
 623 differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
 624 MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
 625 </blockquote></p>
 626
 627 <p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
 628 non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
 629
 630 <p><blockquote>
 631
 632 <p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
 633 clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
 634 reads:</p>
 635
 636 <p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
 637 THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
 638 RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
 639 STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
 640 BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
 641 A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
 642 OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
 643 OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
 644
 645 <p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
 646 personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
 647 with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
 648 product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
 649 licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
 650 deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
 651 Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
 652 Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
 653
 654 <p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
 655 Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
 656 Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
 657 conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
 658 payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
 659 Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
 660 own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
 661 above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
 662 Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
 663
 664 <p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
 665 countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
 666 Norway.</p>
 667
 668 <p>I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
 669 assistance, just let me know.</p>
 670 </blockquote></p>
 671
 672 <p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
 673 asked for more information:</p>
 674
 675 <p><blockquote>
 676
 677 <p>But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
 678 you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
 679 Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
 680 list available from &lt;URL:
 681 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
 682 &gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
 683 were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
 684 Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
 685 to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
 686
 687 </blockquote></p>
 688
 689 <p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
 690 in that list:</p>
 691
 692 <p><blockquote>
 693
 694 <p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
 695 Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
 696 Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
 697 royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
 698 With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
 699 Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
 700 the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
 701 that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
 702 country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
 703
 704 <p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
 705 a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
 706 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
 707 coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
 708 initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
 709 Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
 710 conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
 711 country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
 712 such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
 713 Portfolio Patents.</p>
 714 </blockquote></p>
 715
 716 <p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
 717 Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
 718 license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
 719 anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
 720 Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
 721 content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
 722 none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
 723 copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
 724 the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
 725 </div>
 726       <div class="tags">
 727
 728
 729         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 730
 731
 732       </div>
 733     </div>
 734     <div class="padding"></div>
 735
 736     <div class="entry">
 737       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a></div>
 738       <div class="date"> 5th July 2015</div>
 739       <div class="body"><p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
 740 need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
 741 thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
 742 fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
 743 do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
 744 machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
 745 with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
 746 for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
 747 not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
 748 using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
 749 might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
 750
 751 <p>One tip I got was to use the
 752 <a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
 753 compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
 754 prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
 755 keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
 756 very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
 757 keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
 758
 759 <p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
 760 newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
 761 (which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
 762 Debian Sid/Unstable according to
 763 <a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>.  The reports I
 764 got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
 765 is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
 766 Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
 767 keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
 768 keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
 769 replace it.  I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
 770 activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I'm
 771 also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
 772 noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
 773 Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
 774
 775 <p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
 776 <a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
 777 <a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
 778 The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
 779
 780 <p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
 781 as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
 782
 783 <p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
 784 <a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops.  They got several
 785 different
 786 <a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
 787 thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
 788 </div>
 789       <div class="tags">
 790
 791
 792         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 793
 794
 795       </div>
 796     </div>
 797     <div class="padding"></div>
 798
 799     <div class="entry">
 800       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html">Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</a></div>
 801       <div class="date"> 3rd July 2015</div>
 802       <div class="body"><p>My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
 803 replacement soon.  The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
 804 started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
 805 cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
 806 flickering.</p>
 807
 808 <p>My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
 809 still as
 810 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">I
 811 described them in 2013</a>.  The last time I bought a laptop, I had
 812 good help from
 813 <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353">prisjakt.no</a>
 814 where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
 815 wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually.  Three button mouse
 816 and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
 817 laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
 818 G2) lack three mouse buttons).  It is also unclear to me how good the
 819 keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are.  I hope Lenovo have not messed up
 820 the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
 821 deteriorated since X41.</p>
 822
 823 <p>I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
 824 seem sensible to me?  Are there better services around to search the
 825 set of available laptops for features?  Please send me an email if you
 826 have suggestions.</p>
 827
 828 <p>Update 2015-07-23: I got a suggestion to check out the FSF
 829 <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/respects-your-freedom">list
 830 of endorsed hardware</a>, which is useful background information.</p>
 831 </div>
 832       <div class="tags">
 833
 834
 835         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 836
 837
 838       </div>
 839     </div>
 840     <div class="padding"></div>
 841
 842     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 843     <div id="sidebar">
 844
 845
 846
 847 <h2>Archive</h2>
 848 <ul>
 849
 850 <li>2015
 851 <ul>
 852
 853 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 854
 855 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 856
 857 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 872
 873 </ul></li>
 874
 875 <li>2014
 876 <ul>
 877
 878 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 879
 880 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 881
 882 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 883
 884 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 901
 902 </ul></li>
 903
 904 <li>2013
 905 <ul>
 906
 907 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 908
 909 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 912
 913 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 930
 931 </ul></li>
 932
 933 <li>2012
 934 <ul>
 935
 936 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 937
 938 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 941
 942 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 959
 960 </ul></li>
 961
 962 <li>2011
 963 <ul>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 966
 967 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 970
 971 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 988
 989 </ul></li>
 990
 991 <li>2010
 992 <ul>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 995
 996 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 999
1000 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1017
1018 </ul></li>
1019
1020 <li>2009
1021 <ul>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1028
1029 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1046
1047 </ul></li>
1048
1049 <li>2008
1050 <ul>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1055
1056 </ul></li>
1057
1058 </ul>
1059
1060
1061
1062 <h2>Tags</h2>
1063 <ul>
1064
1065  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1066
1067  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1068
1069  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1070
1071  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1072
1073  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1074
1075  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1076
1077  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1078
1079  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1080
1081  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (112)</a></li>
1082
1083  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1084
1085  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1086
1087  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1088
1089  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (18)</a></li>
1090
1091  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1092
1093  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (289)</a></li>
1094
1095  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1096
1097  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1098
1099  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (20)</a></li>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (264)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (177)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (19)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (53)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
1178
1179 </ul>
1180
1181
1182     </div>
1183     <p style="text-align: right">
1184  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1185 </p>
1186
1187   </body>
1188 </html>