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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         22nd January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Yesterday, I
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  34 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  35 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  36 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  37 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  38 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  39 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  40 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  41 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  42 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  43 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  44 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  45 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  46
  47 <pre>
  48 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  49 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
  50 </pre>
  51
  52 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  53 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  54 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  55 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  56
  57 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  58 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  59 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  60 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  61 word.</p>
  62
  63 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
  64 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
  65 process.</p>
  66
  67       </div>
  68       <div class="tags">
  69
  70
  71         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  72
  73
  74       </div>
  75     </div>
  76     <div class="padding"></div>
  77
  78     <div class="entry">
  79       <div class="title">
  80         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  81       </div>
  82       <div class="date">
  83         21st January 2013
  84       </div>
  85       <div class="body">
  86         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  87 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  88 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  89 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  90 it, fetch the
  91 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  92 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  93 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  94 autostart script.</p>
  95
  96 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  97
  98 <ul>
  99
 100 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
 101 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
 102
 103 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 104 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 105 initially did.</li>
 106
 107 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 108 the APT database, a database
 109 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 110 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 111
 112 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 113 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 114 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 115 package or packages.</li>
 116
 117 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 118 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 119
 120 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 121 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 122
 123 </ul>
 124
 125 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 126 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 127 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 128 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 129
 130 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 131 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 132 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 133 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 134 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 135
 136 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 137 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 138 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 139 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 140 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 141 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 142 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 143 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 144
 145 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 146 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 147 '<tt>svn checkout
 148 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 149 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 150 devscripts package.</p>
 151
 152 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 153 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 154 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 155 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 156 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 157
 158       </div>
 159       <div class="tags">
 160
 161
 162         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 163
 164
 165       </div>
 166     </div>
 167     <div class="padding"></div>
 168
 169     <div class="entry">
 170       <div class="title">
 171         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 172       </div>
 173       <div class="date">
 174         19th January 2013
 175       </div>
 176       <div class="body">
 177         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 178 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 179 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 180 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 181 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 182 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 183 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 184 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 185 not a durable solution.
 186
 187 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 188 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 189
 190 <ul>
 191
 192 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 193   than A4).</li>
 194 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 195 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 196 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 197 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 198 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 199 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 200 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 201 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 202 size).</li>
 203 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 204   X.org packages.</li>
 205 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 206   the time).
 207
 208 </ul>
 209
 210 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 211 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 212 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 213 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 214 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 215 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 216 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 217 still be useful.</p>
 218
 219 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 220 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 221 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 222 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 223 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 224 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 225
 226       </div>
 227       <div class="tags">
 228
 229
 230         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 231
 232
 233       </div>
 234     </div>
 235     <div class="padding"></div>
 236
 237     <div class="entry">
 238       <div class="title">
 239         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 240       </div>
 241       <div class="date">
 242         18th January 2013
 243       </div>
 244       <div class="body">
 245         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 246 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 247 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 248 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 249 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 250 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 251 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 252
 253 <pre>
 254 #!/usr/bin/python
 255 import sys
 256 import apt
 257 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 258     cache = apt.Cache()
 259     cache.open(None)
 260     thepkgs = []
 261     for pkg in cache:
 262         version = pkg.candidate
 263         if version is None:
 264             version = pkg.installed
 265         if version is None:
 266             continue
 267         record = version.record
 268         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 269             continue
 270         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 271         for t in mime_types:
 272             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 273             if t == mimetype:
 274                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 275     return thepkgs
 276 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 277 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 278     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 279 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 280 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 281     print "  %s" %pkg
 282 </pre>
 283
 284 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 285
 286 <pre>
 287 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 288 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 289   gecko-mediaplayer
 290 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 291 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 292   browser-plugin-gnash
 293 %
 294 </pre>
 295
 296 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 297 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 298 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 299 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 300
 301 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 302 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 303 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 304 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 305 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 306 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 307
 308       </div>
 309       <div class="tags">
 310
 311
 312         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 313
 314
 315       </div>
 316     </div>
 317     <div class="padding"></div>
 318
 319     <div class="entry">
 320       <div class="title">
 321         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 322       </div>
 323       <div class="date">
 324         16th January 2013
 325       </div>
 326       <div class="body">
 327         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 328 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 329 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 330 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 331 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 332 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 333 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 334 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 335
 336 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 337 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 338 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 339 can be found on the
 340 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 341 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 342 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 343 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 344 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 345
 346 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 347
 348 <pre>
 349   count MIME type
 350   ----- -----------------------
 351      32 text/plain
 352      30 audio/mpeg
 353      29 image/png
 354      28 image/jpeg
 355      27 application/ogg
 356      26 audio/x-mp3
 357      25 image/tiff
 358      25 image/gif
 359      22 image/bmp
 360      22 audio/x-wav
 361      20 audio/x-flac
 362      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 363      18 video/x-ms-asf
 364      18 audio/x-musepack
 365      18 audio/x-mpeg
 366      18 application/x-ogg
 367      17 video/mpeg
 368      17 audio/x-scpls
 369      17 audio/ogg
 370      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 371 </pre>
 372
 373 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 374
 375 <pre>
 376   count MIME type
 377   ----- -----------------------
 378      33 text/plain
 379      32 image/png
 380      32 image/jpeg
 381      29 audio/mpeg
 382      27 image/gif
 383      26 image/tiff
 384      26 application/ogg
 385      25 audio/x-mp3
 386      22 image/bmp
 387      21 audio/x-wav
 388      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 389      19 audio/x-mpeg
 390      18 video/mpeg
 391      18 audio/x-scpls
 392      18 audio/x-flac
 393      18 application/x-ogg
 394      17 video/x-ms-asf
 395      17 text/html
 396      17 audio/x-musepack
 397      16 image/x-xbitmap
 398 </pre>
 399
 400 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 401
 402 <pre>
 403   count MIME type
 404   ----- -----------------------
 405      31 text/plain
 406      31 image/png
 407      31 image/jpeg
 408      29 audio/mpeg
 409      28 application/ogg
 410      27 image/gif
 411      26 image/tiff
 412      26 audio/x-mp3
 413      23 audio/x-wav
 414      22 image/bmp
 415      21 audio/x-flac
 416      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 417      19 audio/x-mpeg
 418      18 video/x-ms-asf
 419      18 video/mpeg
 420      18 audio/x-scpls
 421      18 application/x-ogg
 422      17 audio/x-musepack
 423      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 424      16 video/x-msvideo
 425 </pre>
 426
 427 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 428 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 429 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 430 issues.</p>
 431
 432 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 433 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 434
 435       </div>
 436       <div class="tags">
 437
 438
 439         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 440
 441
 442       </div>
 443     </div>
 444     <div class="padding"></div>
 445
 446     <div class="entry">
 447       <div class="title">
 448         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 449       </div>
 450       <div class="date">
 451         15th January 2013
 452       </div>
 453       <div class="body">
 454         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 455 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 456 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 457 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 458 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 459 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 460 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 461 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 462 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 463 packages.</p>
 464
 465 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 466 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 467 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 468 modalias.</p>
 469
 470 <p><blockquote>
 471 Package: package-name
 472 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 473 </blockquote></p>
 474
 475 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 476 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 477
 478 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 479 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 480
 481 <p><blockquote>
 482 Package: cheese
 483 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 484 </blockquote></p>
 485
 486 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 487 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 488
 489 <p><blockquote>
 490 Package: pcmciautils
 491 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 492 </blockquote></p>
 493
 494 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 495 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 496
 497 <p><blockquote>
 498 Package: colorhug-client
 499 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 500 </blockquote></p>
 501
 502 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 503 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 504 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 505
 506 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 507 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 508 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 509 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 510 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 511 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 512 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 513 Raring.</p>
 514
 515 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 516 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 517 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 518 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 519 try the
 520 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 521 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 522 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 523 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 524
 525 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 526 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 527
 528 <p><blockquote>
 529 % ./hw-support-lookup
 530 <br>yubikey-personalization
 531 <br>%
 532 </blockquote></p>
 533
 534 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 535 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 536
 537 <p><blockquote>
 538 % ./hw-support-lookup
 539 <br>pcmciautils
 540 <br>%
 541 </blockquote></p>
 542
 543 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 544 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 545 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 546
 547 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 548 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 549 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 550 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 551 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 552 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 553 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 554 see if it work.</p>
 555
 556 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 557 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 558 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 559 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 560
 561       </div>
 562       <div class="tags">
 563
 564
 565         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 566
 567
 568       </div>
 569     </div>
 570     <div class="padding"></div>
 571
 572     <div class="entry">
 573       <div class="title">
 574         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 575       </div>
 576       <div class="date">
 577         14th January 2013
 578       </div>
 579       <div class="body">
 580         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 581 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 582 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 583 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 584 in
 585 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 586 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 587
 588 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 589
 590 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 591 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 592 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 593 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 594 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 595 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 596
 597 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 598 this shell script:</p>
 599
 600 <pre>
 601 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 602 </pre>
 603
 604 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 605 using modinfo:</p>
 606
 607 <pre>
 608 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 609 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 610 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 611 %
 612 </pre>
 613
 614 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 615
 616 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 617 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 618
 619 <p><blockquote>
 620 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 621 </blockquote></p>
 622
 623 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 624
 625 <pre>
 626  v   00008086  (vendor)
 627  d   00002770  (device)
 628  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 629  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 630  bc  06        (bus class)
 631  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 632  i   00        (interface)
 633 </pre>
 634
 635 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 636 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 637 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 638 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 639
 640 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 641 means.</p>
 642
 643 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 644
 645 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 646 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 647
 648 <p><blockquote>
 649 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 650 </blockquote></p>
 651
 652 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 653
 654 <pre>
 655  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 656  p    0001  (device product)
 657  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 658  dc     09  (device class)
 659  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 660  dp     00  (device protocol)
 661  ic     09  (interface class)
 662  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 663  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 664 </pre>
 665
 666 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 667 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 668 these alias entries show up:</p>
 669
 670 <p><blockquote>
 671 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 672 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 673 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 674 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 675 </blockquote></p>
 676
 677 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 678 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 679 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 680
 681 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 682
 683 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 684 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 685
 686 <p><blockquote>
 687 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 688 </blockquote></p>
 689
 690 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 691
 692 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 693
 694 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 695 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 696 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 697
 698 <p><blockquote>
 699 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 700 </blockquote></p>
 701
 702 <p>The values present are</p>
 703
 704 <pre>
 705  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 706  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 707  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 708  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 709  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 710  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 711  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 712  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 713  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 714  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 715  ct   10             (chassis type)
 716  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 717 </pre>
 718
 719 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 720 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 721
 722 <pre>
 723   3 Desktop
 724   4 Low Profile Desktop
 725   5 Pizza Box
 726   6 Mini Tower
 727   7 Tower
 728   8 Portable
 729   9 Laptop
 730  10 Notebook
 731  11 Hand Held
 732  12 Docking Station
 733  13 All In One
 734  14 Sub Notebook
 735  15 Space-saving
 736  16 Lunch Box
 737  17 Main Server Chassis
 738  18 Expansion Chassis
 739  19 Sub Chassis
 740  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 741  21 Peripheral Chassis
 742  22 RAID Chassis
 743  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 744  24 Sealed-case PC
 745  25 Multi-system
 746  26 CompactPCI
 747  27 AdvancedTCA
 748  28 Blade
 749  29 Blade Enclosing
 750 </pre>
 751
 752 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 753 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 754 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 755
 756 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 757
 758 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 759 test machine:</p>
 760
 761 <p><blockquote>
 762 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 763 </blockquote></p>
 764
 765 <p>The values present are</p>
 766
 767 <pre>
 768   ty  01  (type)
 769   pr  00  (prototype)
 770   id  00  (id)
 771   ex  00  (extra)
 772 </pre>
 773
 774 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 775 the valid values are.</p>
 776
 777 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 778
 779 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 780 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 781 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 782 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 783 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 784 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 785 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 786
 787 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 788
 789 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 790 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 791
 792 <pre>
 793   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 794     echo "$id" ; \
 795     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 796   done
 797 </pre>
 798
 799 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 800 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 801
 802 <pre>
 803   acpi:ACPI0003:
 804     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 805   acpi:device:
 806   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 807   acpi:IBM0068:
 808     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 809     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 810     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 811     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 812   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 813     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 814     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 815     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 816   [...]
 817 </pre>
 818
 819 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 820 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 821 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 822 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 823
 824 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 825 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 826 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 827
 828       </div>
 829       <div class="tags">
 830
 831
 832         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 833
 834
 835       </div>
 836     </div>
 837     <div class="padding"></div>
 838
 839     <div class="entry">
 840       <div class="title">
 841         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 842       </div>
 843       <div class="date">
 844         10th January 2013
 845       </div>
 846       <div class="body">
 847         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 848 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 849 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 850 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 851 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 852 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 853 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 854 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 855 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 856 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 857 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 858 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 859 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 860 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 861 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 862 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 863 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 864 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 865
 866       </div>
 867       <div class="tags">
 868
 869
 870         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 871
 872
 873       </div>
 874     </div>
 875     <div class="padding"></div>
 876
 877     <div class="entry">
 878       <div class="title">
 879         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 880       </div>
 881       <div class="date">
 882          9th January 2013
 883       </div>
 884       <div class="body">
 885         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 886 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 887 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 888 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 889 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 890 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 891 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 892 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 893 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 894 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 895 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 896
 897 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 898 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 899 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 900 simple:
 901
 902 <ul>
 903
 904 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 905   starting when a user log in.</li>
 906
 907 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 908   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 909
 910 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 911   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 912   packages.</li>
 913
 914 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 915   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 916
 917 </ul>
 918
 919 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 920 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 921 discover database to find packages and
 922 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 923 packages.</p>
 924
 925 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 926 draft package is now checked into
 927 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 928 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 929 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 930 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 931 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 932 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 933 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 934 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 935 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 936 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 937 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 938 because of the freeze).</p>
 939
 940 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 941 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 942 inserted):</p>
 943
 944 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 945
 946 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 947 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 948 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 949
 950 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 951 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 952 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 953 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 954 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 955 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 956 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 957
 958 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 959 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 960 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 961 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 962 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 963 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 964 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 965 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 966 not be installed?</p>
 967
 968 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 969 please send me an email. :)</p>
 970
 971       </div>
 972       <div class="tags">
 973
 974
 975         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 976
 977
 978       </div>
 979     </div>
 980     <div class="padding"></div>
 981
 982     <div class="entry">
 983       <div class="title">
 984         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 985       </div>
 986       <div class="date">
 987          2nd January 2013
 988       </div>
 989       <div class="body">
 990         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 991 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 992 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 993 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 994 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 995 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 996 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 997 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 998 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 999 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
1000
1001 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
1002 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
1003 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
1004
1005       </div>
1006       <div class="tags">
1007
1008
1009         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
1010
1011
1012       </div>
1013     </div>
1014     <div class="padding"></div>
1015
1016     <div class="entry">
1017       <div class="title">
1018         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
1019       </div>
1020       <div class="date">
1021          1st January 2013
1022       </div>
1023       <div class="body">
1024         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
1025 siste måneden.</p>
1026
1027 <ul>
1028
1029 <li>2012-12-07
1030   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
1031   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
1032   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
1033   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
1034
1035 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
1036   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
1037   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
1038   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
1039   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
1040   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
1041   håper protestene brer om seg.
1042
1043   <ul>
1044
1045   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
1046     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
1047
1048   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
1049     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
1050
1051   <li>2012-12-07
1052     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
1053     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
1054     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
1055
1056   <li>2012-12-08
1057     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
1058       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
1059
1060   </ul>
1061
1062 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
1063
1064 <li>2012-12-11
1065   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
1066
1067 <li>2012-12-21
1068   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1069   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1070   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1071
1072 <li>2012-05-03
1073   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1074   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1075   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1076   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1077   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1078
1079 <li>2012-12-14
1080   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1081   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1082
1083 <li>2012-12-18
1084   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1085   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1086
1087
1088 <li>2012-12-17
1089   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1090   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1091
1092 <li>2011-01-12
1093   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1094   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1095   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1096
1097
1098 <li>2012-12-19
1099   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1100   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1101
1102 <li>2012-12-25
1103   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1104   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1105   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1106
1107 <li>2009-05-04
1108   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1109   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1110   Olav Torvund.</li>
1111
1112 </ul>
1113
1114 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1115
1116       </div>
1117       <div class="tags">
1118
1119
1120         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1121
1122
1123       </div>
1124     </div>
1125     <div class="padding"></div>
1126
1127     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1128     <div id="sidebar">
1129
1130
1131
1132 <h2>Archive</h2>
1133 <ul>
1134
1135 <li>2013
1136 <ul>
1137
1138 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1139
1140 </ul></li>
1141
1142 <li>2012
1143 <ul>
1144
1145 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1154
1155 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1156
1157 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1158
1159 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1160
1161 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1162
1163 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1164
1165 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1166
1167 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1168
1169 </ul></li>
1170
1171 <li>2011
1172 <ul>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1187
1188 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1189
1190 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1191
1192 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1193
1194 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1195
1196 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1197
1198 </ul></li>
1199
1200 <li>2010
1201 <ul>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1212
1213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1214
1215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1216
1217 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1218
1219 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1220
1221 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1222
1223 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1224
1225 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1226
1227 </ul></li>
1228
1229 <li>2009
1230 <ul>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1241
1242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1243
1244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1245
1246 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1247
1248 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1249
1250 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1251
1252 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1253
1254 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1255
1256 </ul></li>
1257
1258 <li>2008
1259 <ul>
1260
1261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1262
1263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1264
1265 </ul></li>
1266
1267 </ul>
1268
1269
1270
1271 <h2>Tags</h2>
1272 <ul>
1273
1274  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1275
1276  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1277
1278  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1279
1280  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1281
1282  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1283
1284  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1285
1286  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1287
1288  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1289
1290  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1291
1292  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1293
1294  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1295
1296  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1297
1298  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1299
1300  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1301
1302  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1303
1304  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1305
1306  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1307
1308  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1309
1310  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1311
1312  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1313
1314  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1315
1316  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1317
1318  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1319
1320  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1321
1322  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1323
1324  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1325
1326  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1327
1328  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1329
1330  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1331
1332  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1333
1334  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1335
1336  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1337
1338  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1339
1340  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1341
1342  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1343
1344  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1345
1346  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1347
1348  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1349
1350  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1351
1352  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1353
1354  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1355
1356  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1357
1358  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1359
1360  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1361
1362  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1363
1364  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1365
1366  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1367
1368  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1369
1370  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1371
1372 </ul>
1373
1374
1375     </div>
1376     <p style="text-align: right">
1377  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1378 </p>
1379
1380   </body>
1381 </html>