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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">11th June 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
  26 everywhere.  Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
  27 ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
  28 the viewers do not like this.  This fact is well known to the TV
  29 channels.  See for example the BBC white paper
  30 "<a href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf">Terminology
  31 for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that</a>" from 2011 for a
  32 summary of the problem domain.  To better address the need for even
  33 loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
  34 new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
  35 standardizing loudness.  From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
  36 "<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en">Algorithms to
  37 measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level</a>".</p>
  38
  39 <p>The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
  40 loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
  41 having a way to measure is not enough.  To get the same loudness
  42 across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
  43 on.  For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
  44 R128, "<a href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf">Loudness
  45 normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals</a>", which
  46 specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS.  In Norway, I have been
  47 told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
  48 follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.</p>
  49
  50 <p>There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
  51 level using the LUFS.  In Debian, I am aware of a library named
  52 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128">libebur128</a>
  53 able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
  54 named <a href="http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net">bs1770gain</a>
  55 capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
  56 for NEW processing.  I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
  57 <a href="https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org">Debian
  58 multimedia</a> umbrella.</p>
  59
  60 <p>The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
  61 <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, plan to follow the
  62 R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
  63 do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
  64 the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
  65 Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
  66 I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
  67 NUUG member organisation</a>.  The program seem to be able to measure
  68 the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I've only
  69 successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files.  I suspect it
  70 should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.</p>
  71 </div>
  72       <div class="tags">
  73
  74
  75         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
  76
  77
  78       </div>
  79     </div>
  80     <div class="padding"></div>
  81
  82     <div class="entry">
  83       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</a></div>
  84       <div class="date">10th June 2015</div>
  85       <div class="body"><p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
  86 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK
  87 trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
  88 sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
  89 avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
  90 undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
  91 tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
  92 med MPEG LA?":</p>
  93
  94 <p><blockquote>
  95 <p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
  96 websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
  97 det er behov for en patentavtale med
  98 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i
  99 programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
 100 Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p>
 101
 102 <p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p>
 103
 104 <p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 105 for patentavtale?</p>
 106
 107 <p>I følge en artikkel på
 108 <a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK
 109 Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
 110 Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
 111 for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
 112 understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
 113 filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
 114 lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
 115 Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final
 116 Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p>
 117
 118 <p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
 119 disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
 120 LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
 121 med MPEG LA.</p>
 122
 123 <p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
 124 H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
 125 programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
 126 kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
 127 produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
 128 med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
 129 formatet.</p>
 130
 131 <p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
 132 juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
 133 NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
 134 sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
 135 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner
 136 med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p>
 137
 138 <p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
 139 videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
 140 MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
 141 for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
 142 H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
 143 også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
 144 brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p>
 145 </blockquote></p>
 146
 147 <p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
 148 saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
 149 2015-06-09:</p>
 150
 151 <p><blockquote>
 152 <p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
 153 svare på dette.</p>
 154
 155 <p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
 156 NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
 157 tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
 158 noen patentavtale.</p>
 159
 160 <p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p>
 161
 162 <p>Med vennlig hilsen
 163 <br>Gunn Helen Berg
 164 <br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p>
 165
 166 <p>NRK
 167 <br>Strategidivisjonen
 168 <Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 169 <br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
 170 <br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p>
 171 </blockquote></p>
 172
 173 Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
 174 oppfølgerepost tilbake:
 175
 176 <p><blockquote>
 177 <p>[Gunn Helen Berg]
 178 <br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
 179 <br>> kunne svare på dette.</p>
 180
 181 <p>Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p>
 182
 183 <p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
 184 <br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
 185 <br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
 186 <br>> patentavtale.
 187 <br>>
 188 <br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p>
 189
 190 <p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
 191 (hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
 192 pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
 193 internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
 194 at NRK trenger en lisens.</p>
 195
 196 <p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC
 197 Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en
 198 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon
 199 fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert
 200 2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting
 201 på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not
 202 title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
 203 kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
 204 satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
 205 pressemeldingen.</p>
 206
 207 <p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
 208 som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
 209 har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
 210 NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
 211 dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
 212 Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
 213 sending?</p>
 214
 215 <p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p>
 216
 217 <ul>
 218
 219 <li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
 220    slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
 221    Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
 222    hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
 223    hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li>
 224
 225 <li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 226    for patentavtale?</li>
 227
 228 <li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
 229    postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
 230    aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li>
 231
 232 </ul>
 233 </blockquote></p>
 234
 235 <p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
 236 fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
 237 NRK:</p>
 238
 239 <p><blockquote>
 240 <p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 241
 242 <p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
 243 (som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
 244 Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
 245 kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
 246 (igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
 247 trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
 248 bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
 249 tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
 250 ikke av forbrukerne.</p>
 251
 252 <p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p>
 253
 254 <p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
 255 på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
 256 patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
 257 sluttbrukere.</p>
 258
 259 <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a>
 260
 261 <p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
 262 continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
 263 end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
 264 life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
 265 royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
 266 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>),
 267 and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
 268 to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
 269 other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
 270 royalty-bearing.”</p>
 271
 272 <p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
 273 MPEG LA.</p>
 274
 275 <p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
 276 utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
 277 alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
 278 forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
 279 kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
 280 plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
 281 forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
 282 teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
 283 anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
 284 enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p>
 285
 286 <p>Vennlig hilsen
 287 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 288
 289 <p>________________________________________
 290 <br>Geir Børdalen
 291 <br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
 292 <br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
 293 <br>NRK medietjenester
 294 <br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 295 <br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
 296 <br>nrk.no
 297 </blockquote></p>
 298
 299 <p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
 300 rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
 301 lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p>
 302
 303 <p><blockquote>
 304 <p>[Geir Børdalen]
 305 <br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 306
 307 <p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
 308 at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p>
 309
 310 <p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
 311 at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
 312 gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
 313 som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
 314 og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
 315 f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler
 316 finnes?<p>
 317
 318 <p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
 319 hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker
 320 ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
 321 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark
 322 fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
 323 "AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where
 324 remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC
 325 Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
 326 the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p>
 327
 328 <p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
 329 abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
 330 pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
 331 nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
 332 av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC
 333 Video" fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
 334 ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
 335 lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
 336 tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video"
 337 dekker er beskrevet?</p>
 338
 339 <p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
 340 bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
 341 har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
 342 ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
 343 avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
 344 strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
 345 gjelder for NRK?</p>
 346 </blockquote></p>
 347
 348 <p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
 349 føljetongen:</p>
 350
 351 <p><blockquote>
 352 <p>Hei igjen</p>
 353
 354 <p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
 355 dessverre ikke gi deg).<p>
 356
 357 <p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
 358 <br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
 359 <br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p>
 360
 361 <p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
 362 i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
 363 svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
 364 ikke var del i dette.</p>
 365
 366 <p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...</p>
 367
 368 <p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
 369 fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
 370 disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
 371 for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
 372 produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
 373 trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
 374 kommunisert i forrige epost.</p>
 375
 376 <p>Mvh
 377 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 378 </blockquote></p>
 379
 380 <p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
 381 problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
 382 NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
 383 så langt:</p>
 384
 385 <p><blockquote>
 386 <p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
 387 NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p>
 388
 389 <p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
 390 omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
 391 eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
 392 dem.</p>
 393
 394 <p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
 395 videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
 396 og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
 397 mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p>
 398 </blockquote></p>
 399
 400 <p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
 401 grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
 402 videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
 403 enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p>
 404 </div>
 405       <div class="tags">
 406
 407
 408         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 409
 410
 411       </div>
 412     </div>
 413     <div class="padding"></div>
 414
 415     <div class="entry">
 416       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</a></div>
 417       <div class="date">12th May 2015</div>
 418       <div class="body"><p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
 419 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
 420 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
 421 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min
 422 påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
 423 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
 424 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
 425 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
 426 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
 427 på indirekte formuleringer.</p>
 428
 429 <p>I
 430 <a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon
 431 66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
 432 står det<p>
 433
 434 <p><blockquote>
 435
 436   <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
 437   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
 438   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
 439   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
 440   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
 441   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
 442   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
 443   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
 444   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
 445   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
 446   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p>
 447
 448   <p>[...]</p>
 449
 450   <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
 451   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
 452   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
 453   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
 454   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
 455   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p>
 456 </blockquote></p>
 457
 458 <p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
 459 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
 460 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
 461 loven sier at det kan
 462 «<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes
 463 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
 464 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
 465 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
 466 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
 467 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
 468 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
 469 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p>
 470
 471 <p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
 472 <a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen
 473 fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
 474 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
 475 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
 476 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
 477 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
 478 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
 479 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
 480 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
 481 og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p>
 482
 483 <p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
 484 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
 485 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
 486 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
 487 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
 488 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
 489 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
 490 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p>
 491
 492 <p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
 493 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
 494 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
 495 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
 496 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p>
 497 </div>
 498       <div class="tags">
 499
 500
 501         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 502
 503
 504       </div>
 505     </div>
 506     <div class="padding"></div>
 507
 508     <div class="entry">
 509       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</a></div>
 510       <div class="date">10th May 2015</div>
 511       <div class="body"><p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 512 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 513 criminal or not, are
 514 <a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to
 515 give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de
 516 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 517 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 518 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 519 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 520 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 521 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 522 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 523 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 524 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 525 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 526 the police.</p>
 527
 528 <p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 529 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 530 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 531 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 532 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 533 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 534 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 535 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 536 the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
 537 is good to know that
 538 <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the
 539 encryption is already broken</a>.  And they
 540 <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can
 541 be read from 70 meters away</a>.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 542 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 543 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 544 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 545 business getting access to that information.</p>
 546
 547 <p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 548 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 549 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 550 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 551 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 552 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 553 information is stored in their national ID.</p>
 554
 555 <p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 556 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 557 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when
 558 extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p>
 559
 560 <p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 561 really could make such decision, I wrote
 562 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a
 563 summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do
 564 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p>
 565 </div>
 566       <div class="tags">
 567
 568
 569         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 570
 571
 572       </div>
 573     </div>
 574     <div class="padding"></div>
 575
 576     <div class="entry">
 577       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html">What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</a></div>
 578       <div class="date"> 1st May 2015</div>
 579       <div class="body"><p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 580 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 581 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 582 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 583 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 584 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 585 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p>
 586
 587 <p>The 2005 numbers are from
 588 <a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>,
 589 the 2012 numbers are from
 590 <a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a
 591 NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 592 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 593 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 594 different from the numbers from 2013.</p>
 595
 596 <p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 597 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 598 enough.  See for example a
 599 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary
 600 on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 601 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 602 to get the storage requirements.</p>
 603
 604 <p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 605 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 606 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 607 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 608 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p>
 609
 610 <p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 611 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 612 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 613 and large organisations:</p>
 614
 615 <table border="1">
 616 <tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr>
 617 <tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr>
 618 <tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr>
 619 <tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr>
 620 </table>
 621
 622 <p>This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 623 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 624 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 625 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 626 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 627 collecting the data?</p>
 628 </div>
 629       <div class="tags">
 630
 631
 632         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 633
 634
 635       </div>
 636     </div>
 637     <div class="padding"></div>
 638
 639     <div class="entry">
 640       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html">First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</a></div>
 641       <div class="date">26th April 2015</div>
 642       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 643 <a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this
 644 announcement today</a>:</p>
 645
 646 <pre>
 647 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 648 *beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 649 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 650 release, Debian 8 "Jessie".
 651
 652 (As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
 653 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 654 later today ;)
 655
 656 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
 657 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 658 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 659 be possible and encouraged!
 660
 661 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 662 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 663
 664 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
 665 operating system for schools, universities and other
 666 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 667 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 668 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 669 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 670 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 671 days.
 672
 673 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 674 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 675 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 676 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 677
 678 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 679 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 680 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 681 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 682 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 683 least 5 characters!
 684
 685 == Where to download ==
 686
 687 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 688 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 689
 690     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 691     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 692
 693 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 694
 695 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 696 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 697 time):
 698
 699     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 700     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 701
 702 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 703
 704 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 705 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 706 options.
 707
 708 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 709
 710 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 711 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 712
 713 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 714 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 715 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 716 online version of the translated manual.
 717
 718 More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
 719 release notes and the installation manual:
 720 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 721 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 722
 723
 724 == Errata / known problems ==
 725
 726     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 727     DHCP (#780461).
 728
 729     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 730
 731 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 732 hostname immediately.
 733
 734 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 735 more current and complete list.
 736
 737 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 738
 739 === Software updates ===
 740
 741 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 742
 743  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 744    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 745    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 746
 747  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 748    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 749    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 750    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 751      the others see the manual.
 752  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 753  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 754  * GOsa 2.7.4
 755  * LTSP 5.5.4
 756  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 757  * new boot framework: systemd
 758  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 759  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 760  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 761  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 762  * golearn 0.9
 763  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 764  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 765  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 766  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 767    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 768
 769 === Installation changes ===
 770
 771     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 772     for the hardware present.
 773
 774 === Fixed bugs ===
 775
 776 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 777 from a user perspective:
 778
 779  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 780    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 781    information is corrected (710362)
 782
 783  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 784
 785 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 786
 787 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 788 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 789
 790
 791 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 792
 793 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 794 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 795 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 796 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 797 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 798 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 799 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 800 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 801 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 802 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 803 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 804 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 805 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 806 environment.
 807
 808 == About Debian ==
 809
 810 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 811 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 812 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 813 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 814 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 815 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 816 operating system.
 817
 818 == Thanks ==
 819
 820 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 821 You rock.
 822 </pre>
 823 </div>
 824       <div class="tags">
 825
 826
 827         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 828
 829
 830       </div>
 831     </div>
 832     <div class="padding"></div>
 833
 834     <div class="entry">
 835       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html">Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</a></div>
 836       <div class="date">15th April 2015</div>
 837       <div class="body"><p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 838 computer system for schools I've involved in,
 839 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was
 840 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 841 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 842 Agarwal.</p>
 843
 844 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 845
 846 <p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 847 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 848 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 849 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 850 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 851 few software start-ups as well.</p>
 852
 853 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 854 project?</strong></p>
 855
 856 <p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 857 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 858 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 859 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 860 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 861 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 862 education meta-packages provided by the project.</p>
 863
 864 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 865 Edu?</strong></p>
 866
 867 <p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 868 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 869 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 870 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 871 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 872 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 873 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and
 874 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p>
 875
 876 <p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 877 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 878 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it's more a
 879 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 880 for the developer per-se.</p>
 881
 882 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 883 Edu?</strong></p>
 884
 885 <p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 886 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 887 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p>
 888
 889 <p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 890 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 891 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 892 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 893 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them.
 894 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 895 still) I have had for a long time :</p>
 896
 897 <p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 898 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 899 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 900
 901 <p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 902 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 903 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 904 <a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask
 905 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of
 906 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 907 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 908 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 909 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 910 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 911 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 912 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 913 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 914 psychics and everything in-between.</p>
 915
 916 <p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 917 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 918 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 919 also be used.</p>
 920
 921 <p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
 922 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don't think it
 923 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
 924 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers
 925 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
 926 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
 927 the user's input.</p>
 928
 929 <p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
 930 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
 931 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
 932 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
 933 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
 934 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
 935 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
 936 stock photos. Potential is immense.</p>
 937
 938 <p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
 939 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
 940 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
 941 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
 942 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
 943 maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know
 944 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
 945 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p>
 946
 947 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
 948
 949 <p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
 950 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
 951 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
 952 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it's a tie between
 953 gnome-flashback and mate.</p>
 954
 955 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
 956 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
 957
 958 <p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
 959 whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
 960 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
 961 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
 962 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
 963 various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p>
 964
 965 <p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
 966 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
 967 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
 968 well.</p>
 969
 970 <p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
 971 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
 972 there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La
 973 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p>
 974
 975 <p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
 976 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
 977 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
 978 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
 979 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
 980 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
 981 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
 982 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
 983 releases.</p>
 984
 985 <p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
 986 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
 987 is aimed at.
 988
 989 <p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
 990 around 2 years, and
 991 <a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered
 992 some experience</a> there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
 993 there was :</p>
 994
 995 <ol>
 996
 997   <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
 998    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
 999    portion/syllabus given.</li>
1000
1001   <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
1002    is in the syllabus.</li>
1003
1004   <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
1005    times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris
1006    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's
1007    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
1008    as recognizable as say a
1009    <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri
1010    Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
1011    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
1012    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
1013    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
1014    something but that is something for upstream to do.</li>
1015
1016 </ol>
1017 </div>
1018       <div class="tags">
1019
1020
1021         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
1022
1023
1024       </div>
1025     </div>
1026     <div class="padding"></div>
1027
1028     <div class="entry">
1029       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html">I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!</a></div>
1030       <div class="date"> 7th April 2015</div>
1031       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a
1032 href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers'
1033 Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p>
1034
1035 <p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
1036 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
1037 <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for
1038 it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
1039 part of my involvement with the
1040 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member
1041 association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
1042 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
1043 Hackathon with our friends
1044 over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and
1045 <a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>.  This part is
1046 named the 'My Society' track in the program.  There is still space for
1047 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.</p>
1048
1049 <p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks
1050 submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p>
1051 </div>
1052       <div class="tags">
1053
1054
1055         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
1056
1057
1058       </div>
1059     </div>
1060     <div class="padding"></div>
1061
1062     <div class="entry">
1063       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html">Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</a></div>
1064       <div class="date"> 4th April 2015</div>
1065       <div class="body"><p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
1066 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book
1067 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig.
1068 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
1069 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
1070 I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
1071 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
1072 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
1073 project pages.  You can also check out the
1074 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>,
1075 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a>
1076 and HTML version available in the
1077 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive
1078 directory</a>.</p>
1079
1080 <p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
1081 you find any.</p>
1082 </div>
1083       <div class="tags">
1084
1085
1086         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
1087
1088
1089       </div>
1090     </div>
1091     <div class="padding"></div>
1092
1093     <div class="entry">
1094       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Frikanalen__Norwegian_TV_channel_for_technical_topics.html">Frikanalen, Norwegian TV channel for technical topics</a></div>
1095       <div class="date"> 9th March 2015</div>
1096       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a>,
1097 where I am a member, and where people interested in free software,
1098 open standards and UNIX like operating systems like Linux and the BSDs
1099 come together, record our monthly technical presentations on video.
1100 The purpose is to document the talks and spread them to a wider
1101 audience.  For this, the the Norwegian nationwide open channel
1102 <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a> is a useful venue.
1103 Since a few days ago, when I figured out the
1104 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/api/">REST API</a> to program the
1105 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/guide/">channel time schedule</a>,
1106 the channel has been filled with NUUG talks, related recordings and
1107 some Creative Commons licensed TED talks (from archive.org).  I fill
1108 all "leftover bits" on the channel with content from NUUG, which at
1109 the moment is almost 17 of 24 hours every day.</p>
1110
1111 <p>The list of NUUG videos
1112 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/organization/82">uploaded so far</a>
1113 include things like a
1114 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/625090">one hour talk by John
1115 Perry Barlow when he visited Oslo</a>, a presentation of
1116 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624275">Haiku, the BeOS
1117 re-implementation</a>, the
1118 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/624493">history of FiksGataMi,
1119 the Norwegian version of FixMyStreet</a>, the good old
1120 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.tv/video/623566">Warriors of the net
1121 video</A> and many others.</p>
1122
1123 <p>We have a large backlog of NUUG talks not yet uploaded to
1124 Frikanalen, and plan to upload every useful bit to the channel to
1125 spread the word there.  I also hope to find useful recordings from the
1126 Chaos Computer Club and Debian conferences and spread them on the
1127 channel as well.  But this require locating the videos and their meta
1128 information (title, description, license, etc), and preparing the
1129 recordings for broadcast, and I have not yet had the spare time to
1130 focus on this.  Perhaps you want to help.  Please join us on IRC,
1131 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23nuug">#nuug on irc.freenode.net</a>
1132 if you want to help make this happen.</p>
1133
1134 <p>But as I said, already the channel is already almost exclusively
1135 filled with technical topics, and if you want to learn something new
1136 today, check out the <a href="http://www.frikanalen.tv/se">Ogg Theora
1137 web stream</a> or use one of the other ways to get access to the
1138 channel.  Unfortunately the Ogg Theora recoding for distribution still
1139 do not properly sync the video and sound.  It is generated by recoding
1140 a internal MPEG transport stream with MPEG4 coded video (ie H.264) to
1141 Ogg Theora / Vorbis, and we have not been able to find a way that
1142 produces acceptable quality.  Help needed, please get in touch if you
1143 know how to fix it using free software.</p>
1144 </div>
1145       <div class="tags">
1146
1147
1148         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
1149
1150
1151       </div>
1152     </div>
1153     <div class="padding"></div>
1154
1155     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1156     <div id="sidebar">
1157
1158
1159
1160 <h2>Archive</h2>
1161 <ul>
1162
1163 <li>2015
1164 <ul>
1165
1166 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1167
1168 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1169
1170 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1171
1172 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1177
1178 </ul></li>
1179
1180 <li>2014
1181 <ul>
1182
1183 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1184
1185 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1186
1187 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1188
1189 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1190
1191 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1192
1193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1194
1195 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1196
1197 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1198
1199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1206
1207 </ul></li>
1208
1209 <li>2013
1210 <ul>
1211
1212 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1213
1214 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1215
1216 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1217
1218 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1219
1220 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1221
1222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1223
1224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1225
1226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1227
1228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1235
1236 </ul></li>
1237
1238 <li>2012
1239 <ul>
1240
1241 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1242
1243 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1244
1245 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1246
1247 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1248
1249 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1250
1251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1252
1253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1254
1255 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1256
1257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1258
1259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1260
1261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1262
1263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1264
1265 </ul></li>
1266
1267 <li>2011
1268 <ul>
1269
1270 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1271
1272 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1273
1274 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1275
1276 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1277
1278 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1279
1280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1281
1282 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1283
1284 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1285
1286 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1287
1288 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1289
1290 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1291
1292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1293
1294 </ul></li>
1295
1296 <li>2010
1297 <ul>
1298
1299 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1300
1301 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1302
1303 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1304
1305 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1306
1307 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1308
1309 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1310
1311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1312
1313 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1314
1315 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1316
1317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1318
1319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1320
1321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1322
1323 </ul></li>
1324
1325 <li>2009
1326 <ul>
1327
1328 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1329
1330 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1331
1332 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1333
1334 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1335
1336 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1337
1338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1339
1340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1341
1342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1343
1344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1345
1346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1347
1348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1349
1350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1351
1352 </ul></li>
1353
1354 <li>2008
1355 <ul>
1356
1357 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1358
1359 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1360
1361 </ul></li>
1362
1363 </ul>
1364
1365
1366
1367 <h2>Tags</h2>
1368 <ul>
1369
1370  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1371
1372  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1373
1374  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1375
1376  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1377
1378  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1379
1380  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1381
1382  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1383
1384  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1385
1386  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (109)</a></li>
1387
1388  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1389
1390  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1391
1392  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1393
1394  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
1395
1396  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1397
1398  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (278)</a></li>
1399
1400  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1401
1402  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1403
1404  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
1405
1406  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1407
1408  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (15)</a></li>
1409
1410  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1411
1412  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1413
1414  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1415
1416  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1417
1418  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1419
1420  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1421
1422  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1423
1424  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1425
1426  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (34)</a></li>
1427
1428  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (262)</a></li>
1429
1430  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
1431
1432  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (16)</a></li>
1433
1434  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1435
1436  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (52)</a></li>
1437
1438  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1439
1440  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1441
1442  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1443
1444  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1445
1446  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1447
1448  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1449
1450  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1451
1452  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1453
1454  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1455
1456  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1457
1458  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1459
1460  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1461
1462  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (47)</a></li>
1463
1464  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1465
1466  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1467
1468  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1469
1470  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1471
1472  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1473
1474  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1475
1476  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (52)</a></li>
1477
1478  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1479
1480  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (36)</a></li>
1481
1482 </ul>
1483
1484
1485     </div>
1486     <p style="text-align: right">
1487  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1488 </p>
1489
1490   </body>
1491 </html>