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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  27 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  28 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  30 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  31 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  32 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  33 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  34 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  35 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  36 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  37 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  38 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 git clone http://anonscm.debian.org/git/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  42 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage -us -uc
  43 </pre>
  44
  45 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  46 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  47 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  48 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  49
  50 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  51 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  52 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  53 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  54 word.</p>
  55
  56 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-26</strong>: Added -us -us to build
  57 instructions, to avoid confusing people with an error from the signing
  58 process.</p>
  59
  60 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-27</strong>: Switch to HTTP URL for the git
  61 clone argument to avoid the need for authentication.</p>
  62 </div>
  63       <div class="tags">
  64
  65
  66         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  67
  68
  69       </div>
  70     </div>
  71     <div class="padding"></div>
  72
  73     <div class="entry">
  74       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  75       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  76       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  77 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  78 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  79 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  80 it, fetch the
  81 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  82 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  83 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  84 autostart script.</p>
  85
  86 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  87
  88 <ul>
  89
  90 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  91 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  92
  93 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  94 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  95 initially did.</li>
  96
  97 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  98 the APT database, a database
  99 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 100 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 101
 102 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 103 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 104 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 105 package or packages.</li>
 106
 107 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 108 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 109
 110 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 111 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 112
 113 </ul>
 114
 115 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 116 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 117 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 118 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 119
 120 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 121 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 122 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 123 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 124 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 125
 126 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 127 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 128 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 129 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 130 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 131 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 132 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 133 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 134
 135 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 136 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 137 '<tt>svn checkout
 138 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 139 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 140 devscripts package.</p>
 141
 142 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 143 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 144 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 145 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 146 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 147 </div>
 148       <div class="tags">
 149
 150
 151         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 152
 153
 154       </div>
 155     </div>
 156     <div class="padding"></div>
 157
 158     <div class="entry">
 159       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 160       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 161       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 162 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 163 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 164 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 165 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 166 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 167 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 168 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 169 not a durable solution.
 170
 171 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 172 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 173
 174 <ul>
 175
 176 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 177   than A4).</li>
 178 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 179 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 180 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 181 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 182 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 183 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 184 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 185 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 186 size).</li>
 187 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 188   X.org packages.</li>
 189 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 190   the time).
 191
 192 </ul>
 193
 194 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 195 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 196 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 197 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 198 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 199 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 200 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 201 still be useful.</p>
 202
 203 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 204 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 205 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 206 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 207 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 208 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 209 </div>
 210       <div class="tags">
 211
 212
 213         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 214
 215
 216       </div>
 217     </div>
 218     <div class="padding"></div>
 219
 220     <div class="entry">
 221       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 222       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 223       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 224 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 225 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 226 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 227 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 228 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 229 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 230
 231 <pre>
 232 #!/usr/bin/python
 233 import sys
 234 import apt
 235 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 236     cache = apt.Cache()
 237     cache.open(None)
 238     thepkgs = []
 239     for pkg in cache:
 240         version = pkg.candidate
 241         if version is None:
 242             version = pkg.installed
 243         if version is None:
 244             continue
 245         record = version.record
 246         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 247             continue
 248         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 249         for t in mime_types:
 250             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 251             if t == mimetype:
 252                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 253     return thepkgs
 254 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 255 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 256     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 257 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 258 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 259     print "  %s" %pkg
 260 </pre>
 261
 262 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 263
 264 <pre>
 265 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 266 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 267   gecko-mediaplayer
 268 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 269 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 270   browser-plugin-gnash
 271 %
 272 </pre>
 273
 274 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 275 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 276 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 277 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 278
 279 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 280 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 281 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 282 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 283 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 284 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 285 </div>
 286       <div class="tags">
 287
 288
 289         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 290
 291
 292       </div>
 293     </div>
 294     <div class="padding"></div>
 295
 296     <div class="entry">
 297       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 298       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 299       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 300 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 301 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 302 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 303 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 304 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 305 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 306 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 307
 308 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 309 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 310 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 311 can be found on the
 312 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 313 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 314 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 315 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 316 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 317
 318 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 319
 320 <pre>
 321   count MIME type
 322   ----- -----------------------
 323      32 text/plain
 324      30 audio/mpeg
 325      29 image/png
 326      28 image/jpeg
 327      27 application/ogg
 328      26 audio/x-mp3
 329      25 image/tiff
 330      25 image/gif
 331      22 image/bmp
 332      22 audio/x-wav
 333      20 audio/x-flac
 334      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 335      18 video/x-ms-asf
 336      18 audio/x-musepack
 337      18 audio/x-mpeg
 338      18 application/x-ogg
 339      17 video/mpeg
 340      17 audio/x-scpls
 341      17 audio/ogg
 342      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 343 </pre>
 344
 345 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 346
 347 <pre>
 348   count MIME type
 349   ----- -----------------------
 350      33 text/plain
 351      32 image/png
 352      32 image/jpeg
 353      29 audio/mpeg
 354      27 image/gif
 355      26 image/tiff
 356      26 application/ogg
 357      25 audio/x-mp3
 358      22 image/bmp
 359      21 audio/x-wav
 360      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 361      19 audio/x-mpeg
 362      18 video/mpeg
 363      18 audio/x-scpls
 364      18 audio/x-flac
 365      18 application/x-ogg
 366      17 video/x-ms-asf
 367      17 text/html
 368      17 audio/x-musepack
 369      16 image/x-xbitmap
 370 </pre>
 371
 372 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 373
 374 <pre>
 375   count MIME type
 376   ----- -----------------------
 377      31 text/plain
 378      31 image/png
 379      31 image/jpeg
 380      29 audio/mpeg
 381      28 application/ogg
 382      27 image/gif
 383      26 image/tiff
 384      26 audio/x-mp3
 385      23 audio/x-wav
 386      22 image/bmp
 387      21 audio/x-flac
 388      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 389      19 audio/x-mpeg
 390      18 video/x-ms-asf
 391      18 video/mpeg
 392      18 audio/x-scpls
 393      18 application/x-ogg
 394      17 audio/x-musepack
 395      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 396      16 video/x-msvideo
 397 </pre>
 398
 399 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 400 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 401 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 402 issues.</p>
 403
 404 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 405 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 406 </div>
 407       <div class="tags">
 408
 409
 410         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 411
 412
 413       </div>
 414     </div>
 415     <div class="padding"></div>
 416
 417     <div class="entry">
 418       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 419       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 420       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 421 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 422 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 423 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 424 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 425 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 426 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 427 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 428 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 429 packages.</p>
 430
 431 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 432 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 433 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 434 modalias.</p>
 435
 436 <p><blockquote>
 437 Package: package-name
 438 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 439 </blockquote></p>
 440
 441 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 442 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 443
 444 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 445 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 446
 447 <p><blockquote>
 448 Package: cheese
 449 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 450 </blockquote></p>
 451
 452 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 453 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 454
 455 <p><blockquote>
 456 Package: pcmciautils
 457 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 458 </blockquote></p>
 459
 460 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 461 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 462
 463 <p><blockquote>
 464 Package: colorhug-client
 465 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 466 </blockquote></p>
 467
 468 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 469 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 470 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 471
 472 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 473 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 474 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 475 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 476 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 477 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 478 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 479 Raring.</p>
 480
 481 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 482 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 483 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 484 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 485 try the
 486 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 487 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 488 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 489 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 490
 491 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 492 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 493
 494 <p><blockquote>
 495 % ./hw-support-lookup
 496 <br>yubikey-personalization
 497 <br>%
 498 </blockquote></p>
 499
 500 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 501 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 502
 503 <p><blockquote>
 504 % ./hw-support-lookup
 505 <br>pcmciautils
 506 <br>%
 507 </blockquote></p>
 508
 509 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 510 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 511 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 512
 513 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 514 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 515 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 516 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 517 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 518 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 519 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 520 see if it work.</p>
 521
 522 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 523 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 524 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 525 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 526 </div>
 527       <div class="tags">
 528
 529
 530         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 531
 532
 533       </div>
 534     </div>
 535     <div class="padding"></div>
 536
 537     <div class="entry">
 538       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 539       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 540       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 541 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 542 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 543 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 544 in
 545 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 546 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 547
 548 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 549
 550 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 551 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 552 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 553 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 554 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 555 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 556
 557 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 558 this shell script:</p>
 559
 560 <pre>
 561 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 562 </pre>
 563
 564 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 565 using modinfo:</p>
 566
 567 <pre>
 568 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 569 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 570 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 571 %
 572 </pre>
 573
 574 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 575
 576 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 577 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 578
 579 <p><blockquote>
 580 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 581 </blockquote></p>
 582
 583 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 584
 585 <pre>
 586  v   00008086  (vendor)
 587  d   00002770  (device)
 588  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 589  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 590  bc  06        (bus class)
 591  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 592  i   00        (interface)
 593 </pre>
 594
 595 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 596 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 597 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 598 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 599
 600 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 601 means.</p>
 602
 603 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 604
 605 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 606 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 607
 608 <p><blockquote>
 609 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 610 </blockquote></p>
 611
 612 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 613
 614 <pre>
 615  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 616  p    0001  (device product)
 617  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 618  dc     09  (device class)
 619  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 620  dp     00  (device protocol)
 621  ic     09  (interface class)
 622  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 623  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 624 </pre>
 625
 626 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 627 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 628 these alias entries show up:</p>
 629
 630 <p><blockquote>
 631 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 632 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 633 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 634 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 635 </blockquote></p>
 636
 637 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 638 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 639 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 640
 641 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 642
 643 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 644 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 645
 646 <p><blockquote>
 647 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 648 </blockquote></p>
 649
 650 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 651
 652 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 653
 654 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 655 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 656 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 657
 658 <p><blockquote>
 659 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 660 </blockquote></p>
 661
 662 <p>The values present are</p>
 663
 664 <pre>
 665  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 666  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 667  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 668  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 669  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 670  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 671  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 672  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 673  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 674  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 675  ct   10             (chassis type)
 676  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 677 </pre>
 678
 679 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 680 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 681
 682 <pre>
 683   3 Desktop
 684   4 Low Profile Desktop
 685   5 Pizza Box
 686   6 Mini Tower
 687   7 Tower
 688   8 Portable
 689   9 Laptop
 690  10 Notebook
 691  11 Hand Held
 692  12 Docking Station
 693  13 All In One
 694  14 Sub Notebook
 695  15 Space-saving
 696  16 Lunch Box
 697  17 Main Server Chassis
 698  18 Expansion Chassis
 699  19 Sub Chassis
 700  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 701  21 Peripheral Chassis
 702  22 RAID Chassis
 703  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 704  24 Sealed-case PC
 705  25 Multi-system
 706  26 CompactPCI
 707  27 AdvancedTCA
 708  28 Blade
 709  29 Blade Enclosing
 710 </pre>
 711
 712 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 713 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 714 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 715
 716 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 717
 718 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 719 test machine:</p>
 720
 721 <p><blockquote>
 722 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 723 </blockquote></p>
 724
 725 <p>The values present are</p>
 726
 727 <pre>
 728   ty  01  (type)
 729   pr  00  (prototype)
 730   id  00  (id)
 731   ex  00  (extra)
 732 </pre>
 733
 734 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 735 the valid values are.</p>
 736
 737 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 738
 739 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 740 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 741 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 742 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 743 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 744 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 745 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 746
 747 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 748
 749 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 750 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 751
 752 <pre>
 753   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 754     echo "$id" ; \
 755     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 756   done
 757 </pre>
 758
 759 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 760 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 761
 762 <pre>
 763   acpi:ACPI0003:
 764     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 765   acpi:device:
 766   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 767   acpi:IBM0068:
 768     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 769     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 770     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 771     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 772   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 773     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 774     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 775     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 776   [...]
 777 </pre>
 778
 779 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 780 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 781 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 782 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 783
 784 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 785 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 786 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 787 </div>
 788       <div class="tags">
 789
 790
 791         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 792
 793
 794       </div>
 795     </div>
 796     <div class="padding"></div>
 797
 798     <div class="entry">
 799       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 800       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 801       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 802 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 803 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 804 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 805 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 806 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 807 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 808 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 809 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 810 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 811 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 812 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 813 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 814 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 815 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 816 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 817 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 818 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 819 </div>
 820       <div class="tags">
 821
 822
 823         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 824
 825
 826       </div>
 827     </div>
 828     <div class="padding"></div>
 829
 830     <div class="entry">
 831       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 832       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 833       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 834 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 835 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 836 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 837 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 838 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 839 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 840 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 841 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 842 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 843 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 844
 845 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 846 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 847 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 848 simple:
 849
 850 <ul>
 851
 852 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 853   starting when a user log in.</li>
 854
 855 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 856   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 857
 858 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 859   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 860   packages.</li>
 861
 862 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 863   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 864
 865 </ul>
 866
 867 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 868 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 869 discover database to find packages and
 870 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 871 packages.</p>
 872
 873 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 874 draft package is now checked into
 875 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 876 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 877 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 878 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 879 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 880 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 881 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 882 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 883 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 884 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 885 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 886 because of the freeze).</p>
 887
 888 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 889 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 890 inserted):</p>
 891
 892 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 893
 894 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 895 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 896 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 897
 898 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 899 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 900 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 901 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 902 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 903 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 904 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 905
 906 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 907 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 908 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 909 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 910 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 911 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 912 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 913 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 914 not be installed?</p>
 915
 916 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 917 please send me an email. :)</p>
 918 </div>
 919       <div class="tags">
 920
 921
 922         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 923
 924
 925       </div>
 926     </div>
 927     <div class="padding"></div>
 928
 929     <div class="entry">
 930       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 931       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 932       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 933 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 934 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 935 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 936 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 937 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 938 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 939 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 940 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 941 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 942
 943 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 944 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 945 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 946 </div>
 947       <div class="tags">
 948
 949
 950         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 951
 952
 953       </div>
 954     </div>
 955     <div class="padding"></div>
 956
 957     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 958     <div id="sidebar">
 959
 960
 961
 962 <h2>Archive</h2>
 963 <ul>
 964
 965 <li>2013
 966 <ul>
 967
 968 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 969
 970 </ul></li>
 971
 972 <li>2012
 973 <ul>
 974
 975 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 990
 991 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 992
 993 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 994
 995 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 996
 997 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 998
 999 </ul></li>
1000
1001 <li>2011
1002 <ul>
1003
1004 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1019
1020 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1021
1022 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1023
1024 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1025
1026 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1027
1028 </ul></li>
1029
1030 <li>2010
1031 <ul>
1032
1033 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1048
1049 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1050
1051 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1052
1053 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1054
1055 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1056
1057 </ul></li>
1058
1059 <li>2009
1060 <ul>
1061
1062 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1067
1068 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1069
1070 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1071
1072 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1073
1074 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1075
1076 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1077
1078 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1081
1082 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1083
1084 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1085
1086 </ul></li>
1087
1088 <li>2008
1089 <ul>
1090
1091 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1094
1095 </ul></li>
1096
1097 </ul>
1098
1099
1100
1101 <h2>Tags</h2>
1102 <ul>
1103
1104  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1105
1106  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1107
1108  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1109
1110  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1111
1112  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1113
1114  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1115
1116  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1117
1118  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1119
1120  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1121
1122  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1123
1124  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1125
1126  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1127
1128  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1129
1130  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1131
1132  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1133
1134  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1135
1136  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1137
1138  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1139
1140  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1141
1142  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1143
1144  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1145
1146  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1147
1148  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1149
1150  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1151
1152  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1153
1154  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1155
1156  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1157
1158  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1159
1160  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1161
1162  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1163
1164  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1165
1166  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1167
1168  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1169
1170  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1171
1172  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1173
1174  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1175
1176  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1177
1178  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1179
1180  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1181
1182  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1183
1184  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1185
1186  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1187
1188  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1189
1190  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1191
1192  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1193
1194  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1195
1196  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1197
1198  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1199
1200  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1201
1202 </ul>
1203
1204
1205     </div>
1206     <p style="text-align: right">
1207  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1208 </p>
1209
1210   </body>
1211 </html>