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2012</title>
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15 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen
</a>
22 <h3>Entries from February
2012.
</h3>
26 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Third_beta_version_of_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_based_on_Squeeze.html">Third beta version of Debian Edu / Skolelinux based on Squeeze
</a>
32 <p>I am happy to announce that finally we managed today to wrap up and
33 publish the third beta version of
34 <a href=
"http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
</a> based
35 on Squeeze. If you want to test a LDAP backed Kerberos server with
36 out of the box PXE configuration for running diskless machines and
37 installing new machines, check it out. If you need a software
38 solution for your school, check it out too. The full announcement is
39 <a href=
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/02/msg00000.html">available
</a>
40 on the project announcement list.
</p>
42 <p>I am very happy to report these changes and improvements since
43 beta2 (there are more, see announcement for full list):
</p>
47 <li>It is now possible to change the pre-configured IP subnet from
48 10.0.0.0/
8 to something else by using the subnet-change tool after
49 the installation.
</li>
51 <li>Too full partitions are now automatically extended on the Main
52 Server, based on the rules specified in /etc/fsautoresizetab.
</li>
54 <li>The CUPS queues are now automatically flushed every night, and all
55 disabled queues are restarted every hour. This should cut down on
56 the amount of manual administration needed for printers.
</li>
58 <li>The set of initial users have been changed. Now a personal user
59 for the local system administrator is created during installation
60 instead of the previously created localadmin and super-admin users,
61 and this user is granted administrative privileges using group
62 membership. This reduces the number of passwords one need to keep
63 up to date on the system.
</li>
67 <p>The new main server seem to work so well that I am testing it as my
68 private DNS/LDAP/Kerberos/PXE/LTSP server at home. I will use it look
69 for issues we could fix to polish Debian Edu even further before the
70 final Squeeze release is published.
</p>
72 <p>Next weekend the project organise a
73 <a href=
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2012/01/msg00001.html">developer
74 gathering
</a> in Oslo. We will continue the work on the Squeeze
75 version, and start initial planning for the Wheezy version. Perhaps I
76 will see you there?
</p>
82 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>.
87 <div class=
"padding"></div>
91 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Saving_power_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux_using_shutdown_at_night.html">Saving power with Debian Edu / Skolelinux using shutdown-at-night
</a>
97 <p>Since the Lenny version of
98 <a href=
"http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
</a>, a
99 feature to save power have been included. It is as simple as it is
100 practical: Shut down unused clients at night, and turn them on again
101 in the morning. This is done using the
102 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/shutdown-at-night.html">shutdown-at-night
</a> Debian package.
</p>
104 <p>To enable this feature on a client, the machine need to be added to
105 the netgroup shutdown-at-night-hosts. For Debian Edu, this is done in
106 LDAP, and once this is in place, the machine in question will check
107 every hour from
16:
00 until
06:
00 to see if the machine is unused, and
108 shut it down if it is. If the hardware in question is supported by
110 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/n/nvram-wakeup.html">nvram-wakeup
</a>
111 package, the BIOS is told to turn the machine back on around
07:
00 +-
112 10 minutes. If this isn't working, one can configure wake-on-lan to
113 try to turn on the client. The wake-on-lan option is only documented
114 and not enabled by default in Debian Edu.
</p>
116 <p>It is important to not turn all machines on at once, as this can
117 blow a fuse if several computers are connected to the same fuse like
118 the common setup for a classroom. The nvram-wakeup method only work
119 for machines with a functioning hardware/BIOS clock. I've seen old
120 machines where the BIOS battery were dead and the hardware clock were
121 starting from
0 (or was it
1990?) every boot. If you have one of
122 those, you have to turn on the computer manually.
</p>
124 <p>The shutdown-at-night package is completely self contained, and can
125 also be used outside the Debian Edu environment. For those without a
126 central LDAP server with netgroups, one can instead touch the file
127 <tt>/etc/shutdown-at-night/shutdown-at-night
</tt> to enable it.
128 Perhaps you too can use it to save some power?
</p>
134 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>.
139 <div class=
"padding"></div>
143 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_intervju__Axel_Bojer.html">Skolelinux-intervju: Axel Bojer
</a>
149 <p>I serien med intervjuer av folk i
150 <a href=
"http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux
</a>-miljøet har jeg
151 fått en av oversetterne som har vært med siden starten i tale.
</p>
153 <p><strong>Hvem er du, og hva driver du med til daglig?
</strong></p>
155 <p>Jeg heter Axel Bojer og er datalærer, tysklærer, oversetter med
158 <p><strong>Hvordan kom du i kontakt med Skolelinux-prosjektet?
</strong></p>
160 <p>Tror jeg så en annonsering på nettet i slutten av
2001 og ville
161 være med som oversetter. Jeg kom med på en utviklersamling og
162 prosjektet var da helt i starten. Det var spennende å være med mens
163 prosjektet vokste til og utviklet seg.
</p>
165 <p>Jeg har «alltid» vært språkinteressert og hadde nettopp startet med
166 Linux og tror jeg tenkte det passet å bidra. Var også glad for å få
167 en Debian-distribusjon, og ville gjerne bruke den selv. Til å begynne
168 med brukte jeg først Mandrake og så Debian. Og siden jeg oppdaget at
169 det ikke var noen mulighet for å bruke den som enkeltstående i lang
170 tid, så gikk jeg etterhvert over til Kubuntu
</p>
172 <p><strong>Hva er fordelene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?
</strong></p>
174 <p>Løsningen er forholdsvis lett å sette opp, gratis, fri programvare
175 og gjør det mulig å gjenbruke eldre maskiner. Det fine med Debian er
176 at det er stabilt og har en veldig stor mengde programmer. Jeg liker
177 også apt. :-) Jeg liker også friheten ved Linux og muligheten til å
178 delta og forme sin egen datahverdag.
</p>
180 <p><strong>Hva er ulempene med Skolelinux slik du ser det?
</strong></p>
182 <p>Skolelinux er for lite kjent og for sent ute med å gi ut nye
185 <p>Da jeg selv i hovedsak bruker Kubuntu, så kan jeg egentlig ikke
186 svare så detaljert rundt ulempene med Skolelinux. Hovedårsaken til at
187 jeg bruker Kubuntu er nok at da vi begynte med det mener jeg det ikke
188 var noen annen løsning. «Vandrende arbeidsstasjon» mener jeg ikke
189 fantes da. Dessuten ville jeg ha siste versjon, da den KDE-versjonen
190 som var i Skolelinux den gangen var en god del enklere (tror det var
191 KDE
2) var dårligere i mine øyne enn versjon
3.
</p>
193 <p><strong>Hvilken fri programvare bruker du til daglig?
</strong></p>
195 <p>Jeg bruker blant annet Kubuntu, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox,
196 Kate,
<a href=
"http://comix.sourceforge.net/">Comix
</a> og Konsole. Og
197 en hel haug andre ved behov :-)
</p>
199 <p>Har oversatt Comix selv, men det er jo ikke skjedd noe med Comix
200 siden
2009, så den er det nok bare jeg som har. Om andre vil ha den
201 gir jeg den gjerne videre. Ser at noen har startet på
202 <a href=
"http://mcomix.sourceforge.net/">MComix
</a> siden jeg så på så
203 på dette sist, så nå er jeg igang med å teste og oversette den
206 <p><strong>Hvilken strategi tror du er den rette å bruke for å få
207 skoler til å ta i bruk fri programvare?
</strong></p>
209 <p>Det viktigste er å forankre beslutningen i kollegiet og med de som
210 er ansvarlige for å vedlikeholde og bruke datamaskinene. Flest mulig
211 bør være med på å holde det (sosialt) vedlike, kjenne og støtte
212 prinsippene. Som enkeltmannsprosjekt blir det lett veldig sårbart,
213 særlig når (Skole)linux ennå i stor grad er en motkultur og ikke noe
214 en stor nok andel av beslutningstakere, brukere osv kjenner til og
217 <p>Jeg tror det viktigste er å fortsette å holde fri programvare godt,
218 oppdatert, minimere antall feil, ha en god kontakt med brukerne og
219 attraktivt og spennende programmer. Beholde alt som er bra og ha det
220 tilgjengelig samtidig som man tilbyr det nyeste og rareste for de som
227 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk
</a>.
232 <div class=
"padding"></div>
236 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_proxy_configuration_with_Debian_Edu___Skolelinux.html">Automatic proxy configuration with Debian Edu / Skolelinux
</a>
242 <p>New in the Squeeze version of
243 <a href=
"http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
</a> is the
244 ability for clients to automatically configure their proxy settings
245 based on their environment. We want all systems on the client to use
246 the WPAD based proxy definition fetched from
<tt>http://wpad/wpad.dat
</tt>, to
247 allow sites to control the proxy setting from a central place and make
248 sure clients do not have hard coded proxy settings. The schools can
249 change the global proxy setting by editing
250 <tt>tjener:/etc/debian-edu/www/wpad.dat
</tt> and the change propagate
251 to all Debian Edu clients in the network.
</p>
253 <p>The problem is that some systems do not understand the WPAD system.
254 In other words, how do one get from a WPAD file like this (this is a
255 simple one, they can run arbitrary code):
</p>
258 function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
260 if (!isResolvable(host) ||
261 isPlainHostName(host) ||
262 dnsDomainIs(host, ".intern"))
265 return "PROXY webcache:
3128; DIRECT";
269 <p>to a proxy setting in the process environment looking like this:
</p>
272 http_proxy=http://webcache:
3128/
273 ftp_proxy=http://webcache:
3128/
276 <p>To do this conversion I developed a perl script that will execute
277 the javascript fragment in the WPAD file and return the proxy that
279 <tt><a href=
"http://www.debian.org/">http://www.debian.org/
</a></tt>,
280 and insert this extracted proxy URL in
<tt>/etc/environment
</tt> and
281 <tt>/etc/apt/apt.conf
</tt>. The perl script wpad-extract work just
282 fine in Squeeze, but in Wheezy the library it need to run the
283 javascript code is
<a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/631045">no longer
284 able to build
</a> because the C library it depended on is now a C++
285 library. I hope someone find a solution to that problem before Wheezy
286 is frozen. An alternative would be for us to rewrite wpad-extract to
287 use some other javascript library currently working in Wheezy, but no
288 known alternative is known at the moment.
</p>
290 <p>This automatic proxy system allow the roaming workstation (aka
291 laptop) setup in Debian Edu/Squeeze to use the proxy when the laptop
292 is connected to the backbone network in a Debian Edu setup, and to
293 automatically use any proxy present and announced using the WPAD
294 feature when it is connected to other networks. And if no proxy is
295 announced, direct connections will be used instead.
</p>
297 <p>Silently using a proxy announced on the network might be a privacy
298 or security problem. But those controlling DHCP and DNS on a network
299 could just as easily set up a transparent proxy, and force all HTTP
300 and FTP connections to use a proxy anyway, so I consider that
301 distinction to be academic. If you are afraid of using the wrong
302 proxy, you should avoid connecting to the network in question in the
303 first place. In Debian Edu, the proxy setup is updated using dhcp and
304 ifupdown hooks, to make sure the configuration is updated every time
305 the network setup changes.
</p>
307 The WPAD system is documented in a
308 <a href=
"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-wrec-wpad-01">IETF
310 <a href=
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Proxy_Autodiscovery_Protocol">Wikipedia
311 page
</a> for those that want to learn more.
317 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>.
322 <div class=
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516 <li><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (
18)
</a></li>
522 <p style=
"text-align: right">
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