blog/archive/2018/07/index.html

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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from July 2018.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Simple_streaming_the_Linux_desktop_to_Kodi_using_GStreamer_and_RTP.html">Simple streaming the Linux desktop to Kodi using GStreamer and RTP</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         12th July 2018
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Last night, I wrote
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Streaming_the_Linux_desktop_to_Kodi_using_VLC_and_RTSP.html">a
  34 recipe to stream a Linux desktop using VLC to a instance of Kodi</a>.
  35 During the day I received valuable feedback, and thanks to the
  36 suggestions I have been able to rewrite the recipe into a much simpler
  37 approach requiring no setup at all.  It is a single script that take
  38 care of it all.</p>
  39
  40 <p>This new script uses GStreamer instead of VLC to capture the
  41 desktop and stream it to Kodi.  This fixed the video quality issue I
  42 saw initially.  It further removes the need to add a m3u file on the
  43 Kodi machine, as it instead connects to
  44 <a href="https://kodi.wiki/view/JSON-RPC_API/v8">the JSON-RPC API in
  45 Kodi</a> and simply ask Kodi to play from the stream created using
  46 GStreamer.  Streaming the desktop to Kodi now become trivial.  Copy
  47 the script below, run it with the DNS name or IP address of the kodi
  48 server to stream to as the only argument, and watch your screen show
  49 up on the Kodi screen.  Note, it depend on multicast on the local
  50 network, so if you need to stream outside the local network, the
  51 script must be modified.  Note, I have no idea if audio work, as I
  52 only care about the picture part.</p>
  53
  54 <blockquote><pre>
  55 #!/bin/sh
  56 #
  57 # Stream the Linux desktop view to Kodi.  See
  58 # http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Streaming_the_Linux_desktop_to_Kodi_using_VLC_and_RTSP.html
  59 # for backgorund information.
  60
  61 # Make sure the stream is stopped in Kodi and the gstreamer process is
  62 # killed if something go wrong (for example if curl is unable to find the
  63 # kodi server).  Do the same when interrupting this script.
  64 kodicmd() {
  65     host="$1"
  66     cmd="$2"
  67     params="$3"
  68     curl --silent --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  69          --data-binary "{ \"id\": 1, \"jsonrpc\": \"2.0\", \"method\": \"$cmd\", \"params\": $params }" \
  70          "http://$host/jsonrpc"
  71 }
  72 cleanup() {
  73     if [ -n "$kodihost" ] ; then
  74         # Stop the playing when we end
  75         playerid=$(kodicmd "$kodihost" Player.GetActivePlayers "{}" |
  76                             jq .result[].playerid)
  77         kodicmd "$kodihost" Player.Stop "{ \"playerid\" : $playerid }" > /dev/null
  78     fi
  79     if [ "$gstpid" ] && kill -0 "$gstpid" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  80         kill "$gstpid"
  81     fi
  82 }
  83 trap cleanup EXIT INT
  84
  85 if [ -n "$1" ]; then
  86     kodihost=$1
  87     shift
  88 else
  89     kodihost=kodi.local
  90 fi
  91
  92 mcast=239.255.0.1
  93 mcastport=1234
  94 mcastttl=1
  95
  96 pasrc=$(pactl list | grep -A2 'Source #' | grep 'Name: .*\.monitor$' | \
  97   cut -d" " -f2|head -1)
  98 gst-launch-1.0 ximagesrc use-damage=0 ! video/x-raw,framerate=30/1 ! \
  99   videoconvert ! queue2 ! \
 100   x264enc bitrate=8000 speed-preset=superfast tune=zerolatency qp-min=30 \
 101   key-int-max=15 bframes=2 ! video/x-h264,profile=high ! queue2 ! \
 102   mpegtsmux alignment=7 name=mux ! rndbuffersize max=1316 min=1316 ! \
 103   udpsink host=$mcast port=$mcastport ttl-mc=$mcastttl auto-multicast=1 sync=0 \
 104   pulsesrc device=$pasrc ! audioconvert ! queue2 ! avenc_aac ! queue2 ! mux. \
 105   > /dev/null 2>&1 &
 106 gstpid=$!
 107
 108 # Give stream a second to get going
 109 sleep 1
 110
 111 # Ask kodi to start streaming using its JSON-RPC API
 112 kodicmd "$kodihost" Player.Open \
 113         "{\"item\": { \"file\": \"udp://@$mcast:$mcastport\" } }" > /dev/null
 114
 115 # wait for gst to end
 116 wait "$gstpid"
 117 </pre></blockquote>
 118
 119 <p>I hope you find the approach useful.  I know I do.</p>
 120
 121 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 122 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 123 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 124
 125       </div>
 126       <div class="tags">
 127
 128
 129         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 130
 131
 132       </div>
 133     </div>
 134     <div class="padding"></div>
 135
 136     <div class="entry">
 137       <div class="title">
 138         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Streaming_the_Linux_desktop_to_Kodi_using_VLC_and_RTSP.html">Streaming the Linux desktop to Kodi using VLC and RTSP</a>
 139       </div>
 140       <div class="date">
 141         12th July 2018
 142       </div>
 143       <div class="body">
 144         <p>A while back, I was asked by a friend how to stream the desktop to
 145 my projector connected to Kodi.  I sadly had to admit that I had no
 146 idea, as it was a task I never had tried.  Since then, I have been
 147 looking for a way to do so, preferable without much extra software to
 148 install on either side.  Today I found a way that seem to kind of
 149 work.  Not great, but it is a start.</p>
 150
 151 <p>I had a look at several approaches, for example
 152 <a href="https://github.com/mfoetsch/dlna_live_streaming">using uPnP
 153 DLNA as described in 2011</a>, but it required a uPnP server, fuse and
 154 local storage enough to store the stream locally.  This is not going
 155 to work well for me, lacking enough free space, and it would
 156 impossible for my friend to get working.</p>
 157
 158 <p>Next, it occurred to me that perhaps I could use VLC to create a
 159 video stream that Kodi could play.  Preferably using
 160 broadcast/multicast, to avoid having to change any setup on the Kodi
 161 side when starting such stream.  Unfortunately, the only recipe I
 162 could find using multicast used the rtp protocol, and this protocol
 163 seem to not be supported by Kodi.</p>
 164
 165 <p>On the other hand, the rtsp protocol is working!  Unfortunately I
 166 have to specify the IP address of the streaming machine in both the
 167 sending command and the file on the Kodi server.  But it is showing my
 168 desktop, and thus allow us to have a shared look on the big screen at
 169 the programs I work on.</p>
 170
 171 <p>I did not spend much time investigating codeces.  I combined the
 172 rtp and rtsp recipes from
 173 <a href="https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Command_Line_Examples/">the
 174 VLC Streaming HowTo/Command Line Examples</a>, and was able to get
 175 this working on the desktop/streaming end.</p>
 176
 177 <blockquote><pre>
 178 vlc screen:// --sout \
 179   '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{dst=projector.local,port=1234,sdp=rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp}'
 180 </pre></blockquote>
 181
 182 <p>I ssh-ed into my Kodi box and created a file like this with the
 183 same IP address:</p>
 184
 185 <blockquote><pre>
 186 echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp \
 187   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
 188 </pre></blockquote>
 189
 190 <p>Note the 192.168.11.4 IP address is my desktops IP address.  As far
 191 as I can tell the IP must be hardcoded for this to work.  In other
 192 words, if someone elses machine is going to do the steaming, you have
 193 to update screenstream.m3u on the Kodi machine and adjust the vlc
 194 recipe.  To get started, locate the file in Kodi and select the m3u
 195 file while the VLC stream is running.  The desktop then show up in my
 196 big screen. :)</p>
 197
 198 <p>When using the same technique to stream a video file with audio,
 199 the audio quality is really bad.  No idea if the problem is package
 200 loss or bad parameters for the transcode.  I do not know VLC nor Kodi
 201 enough to tell.</p>
 202
 203 <p><strong>Update 2018-07-12</strong>: Johannes Schauer send me a few
 204 succestions and reminded me about an important step.  The "screen:"
 205 input source is only available once the vlc-plugin-access-extra
 206 package is installed on Debian.  Without it, you will see this error
 207 message: "VLC is unable to open the MRL 'screen://'.  Check the log
 208 for details."  He further found that it is possible to drop some parts
 209 of the VLC command line to reduce the amount of hardcoded information.
 210 It is also useful to consider using cvlc to avoid having the VLC
 211 window in the desktop view.  In sum, this give us this command line on
 212 the source end
 213
 214 <blockquote><pre>
 215 cvlc screen:// --sout \
 216   '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8080/}'
 217 </pre></blockquote>
 218
 219 <p>and this on the Kodi end<p>
 220
 221 <blockquote><pre>
 222 echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/ \
 223   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
 224 </pre></blockquote>
 225
 226 <p>Still bad image quality, though.  But I did discover that streaming
 227 a DVD using dvdsimple:///dev/dvd as the source had excellent video and
 228 audio quality, so I guess the issue is in the input or transcoding
 229 parts, not the rtsp part.  I've tried to change the vb and ab
 230 parameters to use more bandwidth, but it did not make a
 231 difference.</p>
 232
 233 <p>I further received a suggestion from Einar Haraldseid to try using
 234 gstreamer instead of VLC, and this proved to work great!  He also
 235 provided me with the trick to get Kodi to use a multicast stream as
 236 its source.  By using this monstrous oneliner, I can stream my desktop
 237 with good video quality in reasonable framerate to the 239.255.0.1
 238 multicast address on port 1234:
 239
 240 <blockquote><pre>
 241 gst-launch-1.0 ximagesrc use-damage=0 ! video/x-raw,framerate=30/1 ! \
 242   videoconvert ! queue2 ! \
 243   x264enc bitrate=8000 speed-preset=superfast tune=zerolatency qp-min=30 \
 244   key-int-max=15 bframes=2 ! video/x-h264,profile=high ! queue2 ! \
 245   mpegtsmux alignment=7 name=mux ! rndbuffersize max=1316 min=1316 ! \
 246   udpsink host=239.255.0.1 port=1234 ttl-mc=1 auto-multicast=1 sync=0 \
 247   pulsesrc device=$(pactl list | grep -A2 'Source #' | \
 248     grep 'Name: .*\.monitor$' |  cut -d" " -f2|head -1) ! \
 249   audioconvert ! queue2 ! avenc_aac ! queue2 ! mux.
 250 </pre></blockquote>
 251
 252 <p>and this on the Kodi end<p>
 253
 254 <blockquote><pre>
 255 echo udp://@239.255.0.1:1234 \
 256   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
 257 </pre></blockquote>
 258
 259 <p>Note the trick to pick a valid pulseaudio source.  It might not
 260 pick the one you need.  This approach will of course lead to trouble
 261 if more than one source uses the same multicast port and address.
 262 Note the ttl-mc=1 setting, which limit the multicast packages to the
 263 local network.  If the value is increased, your screen will be
 264 broadcasted further, one network "hop" for each increase (read up on
 265 multicast to learn more. :)!</p>
 266
 267 <p>Having cracked how to get Kodi to receive multicast streams, I
 268 could use this VLC command to stream to the same multicast address.
 269 The image quality is way better than the rtsp approach, but gstreamer
 270 seem to be doing a better job.</p>
 271
 272 <blockquote><pre>
 273 cvlc screen:// --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{mux=ts,dst=239.255.0.1,port=1234,sdp=sap}'
 274 </pre></blockquote>
 275
 276 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 277 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 278 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 279
 280       </div>
 281       <div class="tags">
 282
 283
 284         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 285
 286
 287       </div>
 288     </div>
 289     <div class="padding"></div>
 290
 291     <div class="entry">
 292       <div class="title">
 293         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_in_2018_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian in 2018?</a>
 294       </div>
 295       <div class="date">
 296          9th July 2018
 297       </div>
 298       <div class="body">
 299         <p>Five years ago,
 300 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">I
 301 measured what the most supported MIME type in Debian was</a>, by
 302 analysing the desktop files in all packages in the archive.  Since
 303 then, the DEP-11 AppStream system has been put into production, making
 304 the task a lot easier.  This made me want to repeat the measurement,
 305 to see how much things changed.  Here are the new numbers, for
 306 unstable only this time:
 307
 308 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 309
 310 <pre>
 311   count MIME type
 312   ----- -----------------------
 313      56 image/jpeg
 314      55 image/png
 315      49 image/tiff
 316      48 image/gif
 317      39 image/bmp
 318      38 text/plain
 319      37 audio/mpeg
 320      34 application/ogg
 321      33 audio/x-flac
 322      32 audio/x-mp3
 323      30 audio/x-wav
 324      30 audio/x-vorbis+ogg
 325      29 image/x-portable-pixmap
 326      27 inode/directory
 327      27 image/x-portable-bitmap
 328      27 audio/x-mpeg
 329      26 application/x-ogg
 330      25 audio/x-mpegurl
 331      25 audio/ogg
 332      24 text/html
 333 </pre>
 334
 335 <p>The list was created like this using a sid chroot: "cat
 336 /var/lib/apt/lists/*sid*_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz| zcat | awk '/^
 337 - \S+\/\S+$/ {print $2 }' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20"</p>
 338
 339 <p>It is interesting to see how image formats have passed text/plain
 340 as the most announced supported MIME type.  These days, thanks to the
 341 AppStream system, if you run into a file format you do not know, and
 342 want to figure out which packages support the format, you can find the
 343 MIME type of the file using "file --mime &lt;filename&gt;", and then
 344 look up all packages announcing support for this format in their
 345 AppStream metadata (XML or .desktop file) using "appstreamcli
 346 what-provides mimetype &lt;mime-type&gt;.  For example if you, like
 347 me, want to know which packages support inode/directory, you can get a
 348 list like this:</p>
 349
 350 <p><blockquote><pre>
 351 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype inode/directory | grep Package: | sort
 352 Package: anjuta
 353 Package: audacious
 354 Package: baobab
 355 Package: cervisia
 356 Package: chirp
 357 Package: dolphin
 358 Package: doublecmd-common
 359 Package: easytag
 360 Package: enlightenment
 361 Package: ephoto
 362 Package: filelight
 363 Package: gwenview
 364 Package: k4dirstat
 365 Package: kaffeine
 366 Package: kdesvn
 367 Package: kid3
 368 Package: kid3-qt
 369 Package: nautilus
 370 Package: nemo
 371 Package: pcmanfm
 372 Package: pcmanfm-qt
 373 Package: qweborf
 374 Package: ranger
 375 Package: sirikali
 376 Package: spacefm
 377 Package: spacefm
 378 Package: vifm
 379 %
 380 </pre></blockquote></p>
 381
 382 <p>Using the same method, I can quickly discover that the Sketchup file
 383 format is not yet supported by any package in Debian:</p>
 384
 385 <p><blockquote><pre>
 386 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/vnd.sketchup.skp
 387 Could not find component providing 'mimetype::application/vnd.sketchup.skp'.
 388 %
 389 </pre></blockquote></p>
 390
 391 <p>Yesterday I used it to figure out which packages support the STL 3D
 392 format:</p>
 393
 394 <p><blockquote><pre>
 395 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/sla|grep Package
 396 Package: cura
 397 Package: meshlab
 398 Package: printrun
 399 %
 400 </pre></blockquote></p>
 401
 402 <p>PS: A new version of Cura was uploaded to Debian yesterday.</p>
 403
 404 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 405 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 406 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 407
 408       </div>
 409       <div class="tags">
 410
 411
 412         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 413
 414
 415       </div>
 416     </div>
 417     <div class="padding"></div>
 418
 419     <div class="entry">
 420       <div class="title">
 421         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_APT_upgrade_without_enough_free_space_on_the_disk___.html">Debian APT upgrade without enough free space on the disk...</a>
 422       </div>
 423       <div class="date">
 424          8th July 2018
 425       </div>
 426       <div class="body">
 427         <p>Quite regularly, I let my Debian Sid/Unstable chroot stay untouch
 428 for a while, and when I need to update it there is not enough free
 429 space on the disk for apt to do a normal 'apt upgrade'.  I normally
 430 would resolve the issue by doing 'apt install &lt;somepackages&gt;' to
 431 upgrade only some of the packages in one batch, until the amount of
 432 packages to download fall below the amount of free space available.
 433 Today, I had about 500 packages to upgrade, and after a while I got
 434 tired of trying to install chunks of packages manually.  I concluded
 435 that I did not have the spare hours required to complete the task, and
 436 decided to see if I could automate it.  I came up with this small
 437 script which I call 'apt-in-chunks':</p>
 438
 439 <p><blockquote><pre>
 440 #!/bin/sh
 441 #
 442 # Upgrade packages when the disk is too full to upgrade every
 443 # upgradable package in one lump.  Fetching packages to upgrade using
 444 # apt, and then installing using dpkg, to avoid changing the package
 445 # flag for manual/automatic.
 446
 447 set -e
 448
 449 ignore() {
 450     if [ "$1" ]; then
 451         grep -v "$1"
 452     else
 453         cat
 454     fi
 455 }
 456
 457 for p in $(apt list --upgradable | ignore "$@" |cut -d/ -f1 | grep -v '^Listing...'); do
 458     echo "Upgrading $p"
 459     apt clean
 460     apt install --download-only -y $p
 461     for f in /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb; do
 462         if [ -e "$f" ]; then
 463             dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
 464             break
 465         fi
 466     done
 467 done
 468 </pre></blockquote></p>
 469
 470 <p>The script will extract the list of packages to upgrade, try to
 471 download the packages needed to upgrade one package, install the
 472 downloaded packages using dpkg.  The idea is to upgrade packages
 473 without changing the APT mark for the package (ie the one recording of
 474 the package was manually requested or pulled in as a dependency).  To
 475 use it, simply run it as root from the command line.  If it fail, try
 476 'apt install -f' to clean up the mess and run the script again.  This
 477 might happen if the new packages conflict with one of the old
 478 packages.  dpkg is unable to remove, while apt can do this.</p>
 479
 480 <p>It take one option, a package to ignore in the list of packages to
 481 upgrade.  The option to ignore a package is there to be able to skip
 482 the packages that are simply too large to unpack.  Today this was
 483 'ghc', but I have run into other large packages causing similar
 484 problems earlier (like TeX).</p>
 485
 486 <p>Update 2018-07-08: Thanks to Paul Wise, I am aware of two
 487 alternative ways to handle this.  The "unattended-upgrades
 488 --minimal-upgrade-steps" option will try to calculate upgrade sets for
 489 each package to upgrade, and then upgrade them in order, smallest set
 490 first.  It might be a better option than my above mentioned script.
 491 Also, "aptutude upgrade" can upgrade single packages, thus avoiding
 492 the need for using "dpkg -i" in the script above.</p>
 493
 494 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 495 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 496 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 497
 498       </div>
 499       <div class="tags">
 500
 501
 502         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 503
 504
 505       </div>
 506     </div>
 507     <div class="padding"></div>
 508
 509     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="07.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 510     <div id="sidebar">
 511
 512
 513
 514 <h2>Archive</h2>
 515 <ul>
 516
 517 <li>2018
 518 <ul>
 519
 520 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 527
 528 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 529
 530 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 531
 532 </ul></li>
 533
 534 <li>2017
 535 <ul>
 536
 537 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 538
 539 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 548
 549 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 552
 553 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 554
 555 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 556
 557 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 558
 559 </ul></li>
 560
 561 <li>2016
 562 <ul>
 563
 564 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 565
 566 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 567
 568 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 569
 570 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 571
 572 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 573
 574 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 575
 576 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 577
 578 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 579
 580 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 581
 582 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 583
 584 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 585
 586 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 587
 588 </ul></li>
 589
 590 <li>2015
 591 <ul>
 592
 593 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 594
 595 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 596
 597 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 598
 599 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 600
 601 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 602
 603 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 604
 605 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 606
 607 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 608
 609 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 610
 611 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 612
 613 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 614
 615 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 616
 617 </ul></li>
 618
 619 <li>2014
 620 <ul>
 621
 622 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 623
 624 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 625
 626 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 627
 628 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 629
 630 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 631
 632 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 633
 634 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 635
 636 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 637
 638 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 639
 640 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 641
 642 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 643
 644 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 645
 646 </ul></li>
 647
 648 <li>2013
 649 <ul>
 650
 651 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 652
 653 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 654
 655 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 656
 657 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 658
 659 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 660
 661 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 662
 663 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 664
 665 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 666
 667 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 668
 669 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 670
 671 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 672
 673 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 674
 675 </ul></li>
 676
 677 <li>2012
 678 <ul>
 679
 680 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 681
 682 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 683
 684 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 685
 686 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 687
 688 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 689
 690 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 691
 692 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 693
 694 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 695
 696 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 697
 698 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 699
 700 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 701
 702 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 703
 704 </ul></li>
 705
 706 <li>2011
 707 <ul>
 708
 709 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 710
 711 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 712
 713 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 714
 715 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 716
 717 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 718
 719 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 720
 721 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 722
 723 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 724
 725 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 726
 727 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 728
 729 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 730
 731 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 732
 733 </ul></li>
 734
 735 <li>2010
 736 <ul>
 737
 738 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 739
 740 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 743
 744 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 753
 754 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 755
 756 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 757
 758 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 759
 760 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 761
 762 </ul></li>
 763
 764 <li>2009
 765 <ul>
 766
 767 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 768
 769 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 770
 771 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 772
 773 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 774
 775 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 776
 777 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 778
 779 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 780
 781 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 782
 783 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 784
 785 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 786
 787 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 788
 789 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 790
 791 </ul></li>
 792
 793 <li>2008
 794 <ul>
 795
 796 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 797
 798 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 799
 800 </ul></li>
 801
 802 </ul>
 803
 804
 805
 806 <h2>Tags</h2>
 807 <ul>
 808
 809  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (16)</a></li>
 810
 811  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 812
 813  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 814
 815  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 816
 817  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (9)</a></li>
 818
 819  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 820
 821  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 822
 823  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 824
 825  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (160)</a></li>
 826
 827  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
 828
 829  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (4)</a></li>
 830
 831  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 832
 833  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
 834
 835  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (25)</a></li>
 836
 837  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 838
 839  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (378)</a></li>
 840
 841  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 842
 843  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (13)</a></li>
 844
 845  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (32)</a></li>
 846
 847  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 848
 849  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (18)</a></li>
 850
 851  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 852
 853  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
 854
 855  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 856
 857  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (20)</a></li>
 858
 859  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 860
 861  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
 862
 863  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 864
 865  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 866
 867  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 868
 869  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 870
 871  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (41)</a></li>
 872
 873  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (10)</a></li>
 874
 875  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (299)</a></li>
 876
 877  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (190)</a></li>
 878
 879  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (33)</a></li>
 880
 881  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 882
 883  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (71)</a></li>
 884
 885  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (107)</a></li>
 886
 887  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 888
 889  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 890
 891  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 892
 893  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 894
 895  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (10)</a></li>
 896
 897  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 898
 899  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (6)</a></li>
 900
 901  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 902
 903  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (54)</a></li>
 904
 905  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 906
 907  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 908
 909  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (55)</a></li>
 910
 911  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (6)</a></li>
 912
 913  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
 914
 915  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (55)</a></li>
 916
 917  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (4)</a></li>
 918
 919  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 920
 921  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 922
 923  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (11)</a></li>
 924
 925  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (66)</a></li>
 926
 927  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 928
 929  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (41)</a></li>
 930
 931 </ul>
 932
 933
 934     </div>
 935     <p style="text-align: right">
 936  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 937 </p>
 938
 939   </body>
 940 </html>