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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html">Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">15th June 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies
  26 in Norway.  The information is publicly available, but one need to
  27 recursively look up ownership in all owners to figure out the complete
  28 ownership graph of a given set of companies.  To save me the work in
  29 the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the
  30 ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format.  The data source
  31 is web scraping from <a href="http://www.proff.no/">Proff</a>, because
  32 I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of
  33 the ownership data, <a href="http://www.brreg.no/">Brønnøysundsregistrene</a>.</p>
  34
  35 <p>To get a owner ship graph, fetch
  36 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph">the code from git</a> and run it using the organisation number.  I'm
  37 using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its
  38 ownership structure is very simple:</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 % time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 > dagbladet.dot
  42
  43 real    0m2.841s
  44 user    0m0.184s
  45 sys     0m0.036s
  46 %
  47 </pre>
  48
  49 <p>The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line,
  50 allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image.  The
  51 resulting dot file for the example above look like this.  The edges
  52 are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the
  53 organisation number as their name and the name as the label:</p>
  54
  55 <pre>
  56 digraph ownership {
  57 rankdir = LR;
  58 "Aller Holding A/s" -> "910119877" [label="100%"]
  59 "910119877" -> "998689015" [label="100%"]
  60 "998689015" -> "958033540" [label="99%"]
  61 "974530600" -> "958033540" [label="1%"]
  62 "958033540" [label="AS DAGBLADET"]
  63 "998689015" [label="Berner Media Holding AS"]
  64 "974530600" [label="Dagbladets Stiftelse"]
  65 "910119877" [label="Aller Media AS"]
  66 }
  67 </pre>
  68
  69 <p>To view the ownership graph, run "<tt>dotty dagbladet.dot</tt>" or
  70 convert it to a PNG using "<tt>dot -T png dagbladet.dot >
  71 dagbladet.png</tt>".  This is the result can be seen below:</p>
  72
  73 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png" width="80%">
  74
  75 <p>Note that I suspect the "Aller Holding A/S" entry to be incorrect
  76 data in the official ownership register, as that name is not
  77 registered in the official company register for Norway.  The ownership
  78 register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking
  79 of the ownership information.</p>
  80
  81 <p>Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources.
  82 The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.</p>
  83 </div>
  84       <div class="tags">
  85
  86
  87         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
  88
  89
  90       </div>
  91     </div>
  92     <div class="padding"></div>
  93
  94     <div class="entry">
  95       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</a></div>
  96       <div class="date">11th June 2015</div>
  97       <div class="body"><p>Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
  98 everywhere.  Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
  99 ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
 100 the viewers do not like this.  This fact is well known to the TV
 101 channels.  See for example the BBC white paper
 102 "<a href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf">Terminology
 103 for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that</a>" from 2011 for a
 104 summary of the problem domain.  To better address the need for even
 105 loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
 106 new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
 107 standardizing loudness.  From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
 108 "<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en">Algorithms to
 109 measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level</a>".</p>
 110
 111 <p>The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
 112 loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
 113 having a way to measure is not enough.  To get the same loudness
 114 across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
 115 on.  For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
 116 R128, "<a href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf">Loudness
 117 normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals</a>", which
 118 specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS.  In Norway, I have been
 119 told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
 120 follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.</p>
 121
 122 <p>There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
 123 level using the LUFS.  In Debian, I am aware of a library named
 124 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128">libebur128</a>
 125 able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
 126 named <a href="http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net">bs1770gain</a>
 127 capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
 128 for NEW processing.  I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
 129 <a href="https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org">Debian
 130 multimedia</a> umbrella.</p>
 131
 132 <p>The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
 133 <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, plan to follow the
 134 R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
 135 do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
 136 the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
 137 Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
 138 I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
 139 NUUG member organisation</a>.  The program seem to be able to measure
 140 the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I've only
 141 successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files.  I suspect it
 142 should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.</p>
 143 </div>
 144       <div class="tags">
 145
 146
 147         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 148
 149
 150       </div>
 151     </div>
 152     <div class="padding"></div>
 153
 154     <div class="entry">
 155       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</a></div>
 156       <div class="date">10th June 2015</div>
 157       <div class="body"><p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
 158 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK
 159 trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
 160 sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
 161 avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
 162 undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
 163 tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
 164 med MPEG LA?":</p>
 165
 166 <p><blockquote>
 167 <p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
 168 websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
 169 det er behov for en patentavtale med
 170 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i
 171 programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
 172 Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p>
 173
 174 <p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p>
 175
 176 <p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 177 for patentavtale?</p>
 178
 179 <p>I følge en artikkel på
 180 <a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK
 181 Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
 182 Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
 183 for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
 184 understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
 185 filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
 186 lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
 187 Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final
 188 Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p>
 189
 190 <p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
 191 disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
 192 LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
 193 med MPEG LA.</p>
 194
 195 <p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
 196 H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
 197 programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
 198 kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
 199 produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
 200 med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
 201 formatet.</p>
 202
 203 <p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
 204 juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
 205 NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
 206 sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
 207 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner
 208 med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p>
 209
 210 <p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
 211 videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
 212 MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
 213 for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
 214 H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
 215 også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
 216 brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p>
 217 </blockquote></p>
 218
 219 <p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
 220 saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
 221 2015-06-09:</p>
 222
 223 <p><blockquote>
 224 <p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
 225 svare på dette.</p>
 226
 227 <p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
 228 NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
 229 tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
 230 noen patentavtale.</p>
 231
 232 <p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p>
 233
 234 <p>Med vennlig hilsen
 235 <br>Gunn Helen Berg
 236 <br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p>
 237
 238 <p>NRK
 239 <br>Strategidivisjonen
 240 <Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 241 <br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
 242 <br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p>
 243 </blockquote></p>
 244
 245 Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
 246 oppfølgerepost tilbake:
 247
 248 <p><blockquote>
 249 <p>[Gunn Helen Berg]
 250 <br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
 251 <br>> kunne svare på dette.</p>
 252
 253 <p>Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p>
 254
 255 <p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
 256 <br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
 257 <br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
 258 <br>> patentavtale.
 259 <br>>
 260 <br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p>
 261
 262 <p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
 263 (hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
 264 pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
 265 internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
 266 at NRK trenger en lisens.</p>
 267
 268 <p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC
 269 Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en
 270 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon
 271 fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert
 272 2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting
 273 på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not
 274 title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
 275 kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
 276 satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
 277 pressemeldingen.</p>
 278
 279 <p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
 280 som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
 281 har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
 282 NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
 283 dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
 284 Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
 285 sending?</p>
 286
 287 <p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p>
 288
 289 <ul>
 290
 291 <li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
 292    slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
 293    Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
 294    hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
 295    hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li>
 296
 297 <li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 298    for patentavtale?</li>
 299
 300 <li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
 301    postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
 302    aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li>
 303
 304 </ul>
 305 </blockquote></p>
 306
 307 <p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
 308 fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
 309 NRK:</p>
 310
 311 <p><blockquote>
 312 <p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 313
 314 <p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
 315 (som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
 316 Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
 317 kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
 318 (igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
 319 trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
 320 bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
 321 tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
 322 ikke av forbrukerne.</p>
 323
 324 <p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p>
 325
 326 <p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
 327 på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
 328 patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
 329 sluttbrukere.</p>
 330
 331 <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a>
 332
 333 <p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
 334 continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
 335 end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
 336 life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
 337 royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
 338 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>),
 339 and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
 340 to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
 341 other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
 342 royalty-bearing.”</p>
 343
 344 <p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
 345 MPEG LA.</p>
 346
 347 <p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
 348 utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
 349 alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
 350 forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
 351 kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
 352 plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
 353 forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
 354 teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
 355 anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
 356 enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p>
 357
 358 <p>Vennlig hilsen
 359 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 360
 361 <p>________________________________________
 362 <br>Geir Børdalen
 363 <br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
 364 <br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
 365 <br>NRK medietjenester
 366 <br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 367 <br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
 368 <br>nrk.no
 369 </blockquote></p>
 370
 371 <p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
 372 rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
 373 lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p>
 374
 375 <p><blockquote>
 376 <p>[Geir Børdalen]
 377 <br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 378
 379 <p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
 380 at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p>
 381
 382 <p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
 383 at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
 384 gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
 385 som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
 386 og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
 387 f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler
 388 finnes?<p>
 389
 390 <p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
 391 hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker
 392 ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
 393 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark
 394 fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
 395 "AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where
 396 remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC
 397 Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
 398 the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p>
 399
 400 <p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
 401 abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
 402 pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
 403 nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
 404 av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC
 405 Video" fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
 406 ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
 407 lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
 408 tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video"
 409 dekker er beskrevet?</p>
 410
 411 <p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
 412 bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
 413 har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
 414 ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
 415 avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
 416 strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
 417 gjelder for NRK?</p>
 418 </blockquote></p>
 419
 420 <p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
 421 føljetongen:</p>
 422
 423 <p><blockquote>
 424 <p>Hei igjen</p>
 425
 426 <p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
 427 dessverre ikke gi deg).<p>
 428
 429 <p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
 430 <br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
 431 <br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p>
 432
 433 <p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
 434 i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
 435 svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
 436 ikke var del i dette.</p>
 437
 438 <p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...</p>
 439
 440 <p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
 441 fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
 442 disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
 443 for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
 444 produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
 445 trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
 446 kommunisert i forrige epost.</p>
 447
 448 <p>Mvh
 449 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 450 </blockquote></p>
 451
 452 <p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
 453 problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
 454 NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
 455 så langt:</p>
 456
 457 <p><blockquote>
 458 <p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
 459 NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p>
 460
 461 <p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
 462 omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
 463 eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
 464 dem.</p>
 465
 466 <p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
 467 videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
 468 og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
 469 mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p>
 470 </blockquote></p>
 471
 472 <p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
 473 grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
 474 videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
 475 enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p>
 476 </div>
 477       <div class="tags">
 478
 479
 480         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 481
 482
 483       </div>
 484     </div>
 485     <div class="padding"></div>
 486
 487     <div class="entry">
 488       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</a></div>
 489       <div class="date">12th May 2015</div>
 490       <div class="body"><p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
 491 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
 492 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
 493 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min
 494 påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
 495 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
 496 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
 497 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
 498 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
 499 på indirekte formuleringer.</p>
 500
 501 <p>I
 502 <a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon
 503 66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
 504 står det<p>
 505
 506 <p><blockquote>
 507
 508   <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
 509   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
 510   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
 511   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
 512   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
 513   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
 514   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
 515   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
 516   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
 517   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
 518   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p>
 519
 520   <p>[...]</p>
 521
 522   <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
 523   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
 524   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
 525   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
 526   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
 527   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p>
 528 </blockquote></p>
 529
 530 <p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
 531 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
 532 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
 533 loven sier at det kan
 534 «<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes
 535 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
 536 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
 537 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
 538 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
 539 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
 540 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
 541 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p>
 542
 543 <p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
 544 <a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen
 545 fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
 546 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
 547 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
 548 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
 549 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
 550 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
 551 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
 552 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
 553 og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p>
 554
 555 <p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
 556 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
 557 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
 558 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
 559 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
 560 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
 561 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
 562 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p>
 563
 564 <p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
 565 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
 566 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
 567 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
 568 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p>
 569 </div>
 570       <div class="tags">
 571
 572
 573         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 574
 575
 576       </div>
 577     </div>
 578     <div class="padding"></div>
 579
 580     <div class="entry">
 581       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</a></div>
 582       <div class="date">10th May 2015</div>
 583       <div class="body"><p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 584 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 585 criminal or not, are
 586 <a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to
 587 give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de
 588 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 589 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 590 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 591 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 592 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 593 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 594 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 595 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 596 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 597 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 598 the police.</p>
 599
 600 <p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 601 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 602 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 603 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 604 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 605 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 606 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 607 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 608 the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
 609 is good to know that
 610 <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the
 611 encryption is already broken</a>.  And they
 612 <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can
 613 be read from 70 meters away</a>.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 614 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 615 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 616 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 617 business getting access to that information.</p>
 618
 619 <p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 620 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 621 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 622 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 623 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 624 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 625 information is stored in their national ID.</p>
 626
 627 <p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 628 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 629 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when
 630 extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p>
 631
 632 <p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 633 really could make such decision, I wrote
 634 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a
 635 summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do
 636 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p>
 637 </div>
 638       <div class="tags">
 639
 640
 641         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 642
 643
 644       </div>
 645     </div>
 646     <div class="padding"></div>
 647
 648     <div class="entry">
 649       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html">What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</a></div>
 650       <div class="date"> 1st May 2015</div>
 651       <div class="body"><p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 652 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 653 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 654 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 655 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 656 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 657 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p>
 658
 659 <p>The 2005 numbers are from
 660 <a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>,
 661 the 2012 numbers are from
 662 <a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a
 663 NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 664 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 665 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 666 different from the numbers from 2013.</p>
 667
 668 <p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 669 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 670 enough.  See for example a
 671 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary
 672 on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 673 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 674 to get the storage requirements.</p>
 675
 676 <p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 677 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 678 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 679 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 680 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p>
 681
 682 <p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 683 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 684 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 685 and large organisations:</p>
 686
 687 <table border="1">
 688 <tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr>
 689 <tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr>
 690 <tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr>
 691 <tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr>
 692 </table>
 693
 694 <p>This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 695 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 696 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 697 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 698 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 699 collecting the data?</p>
 700 </div>
 701       <div class="tags">
 702
 703
 704         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 705
 706
 707       </div>
 708     </div>
 709     <div class="padding"></div>
 710
 711     <div class="entry">
 712       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html">First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</a></div>
 713       <div class="date">26th April 2015</div>
 714       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 715 <a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this
 716 announcement today</a>:</p>
 717
 718 <pre>
 719 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 720 *beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 721 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 722 release, Debian 8 "Jessie".
 723
 724 (As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
 725 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 726 later today ;)
 727
 728 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
 729 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 730 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 731 be possible and encouraged!
 732
 733 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 734 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 735
 736 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
 737 operating system for schools, universities and other
 738 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 739 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 740 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 741 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 742 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 743 days.
 744
 745 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 746 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 747 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 748 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 749
 750 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 751 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 752 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 753 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 754 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 755 least 5 characters!
 756
 757 == Where to download ==
 758
 759 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 760 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 761
 762     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 763     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 764
 765 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 766
 767 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 768 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 769 time):
 770
 771     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 772     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 773
 774 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 775
 776 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 777 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 778 options.
 779
 780 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 781
 782 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 783 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 784
 785 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 786 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 787 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 788 online version of the translated manual.
 789
 790 More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
 791 release notes and the installation manual:
 792 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 793 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 794
 795
 796 == Errata / known problems ==
 797
 798     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 799     DHCP (#780461).
 800
 801     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 802
 803 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 804 hostname immediately.
 805
 806 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 807 more current and complete list.
 808
 809 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 810
 811 === Software updates ===
 812
 813 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 814
 815  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 816    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 817    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 818
 819  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 820    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 821    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 822    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 823      the others see the manual.
 824  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 825  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 826  * GOsa 2.7.4
 827  * LTSP 5.5.4
 828  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 829  * new boot framework: systemd
 830  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 831  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 832  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 833  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 834  * golearn 0.9
 835  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 836  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 837  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 838  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 839    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 840
 841 === Installation changes ===
 842
 843     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 844     for the hardware present.
 845
 846 === Fixed bugs ===
 847
 848 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 849 from a user perspective:
 850
 851  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 852    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 853    information is corrected (710362)
 854
 855  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 856
 857 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 858
 859 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 860 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 861
 862
 863 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 864
 865 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 866 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 867 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 868 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 869 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 870 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 871 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 872 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 873 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 874 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 875 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 876 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 877 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 878 environment.
 879
 880 == About Debian ==
 881
 882 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 883 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 884 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 885 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 886 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 887 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 888 operating system.
 889
 890 == Thanks ==
 891
 892 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 893 You rock.
 894 </pre>
 895 </div>
 896       <div class="tags">
 897
 898
 899         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 900
 901
 902       </div>
 903     </div>
 904     <div class="padding"></div>
 905
 906     <div class="entry">
 907       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html">Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</a></div>
 908       <div class="date">15th April 2015</div>
 909       <div class="body"><p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 910 computer system for schools I've involved in,
 911 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was
 912 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 913 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 914 Agarwal.</p>
 915
 916 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 917
 918 <p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 919 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 920 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 921 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 922 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 923 few software start-ups as well.</p>
 924
 925 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 926 project?</strong></p>
 927
 928 <p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 929 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 930 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 931 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 932 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 933 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 934 education meta-packages provided by the project.</p>
 935
 936 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 937 Edu?</strong></p>
 938
 939 <p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 940 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 941 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 942 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 943 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 944 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 945 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and
 946 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p>
 947
 948 <p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 949 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 950 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it's more a
 951 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 952 for the developer per-se.</p>
 953
 954 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 955 Edu?</strong></p>
 956
 957 <p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 958 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 959 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p>
 960
 961 <p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 962 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 963 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 964 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 965 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them.
 966 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 967 still) I have had for a long time :</p>
 968
 969 <p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 970 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 971 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 972
 973 <p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 974 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 975 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 976 <a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask
 977 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of
 978 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 979 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 980 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 981 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 982 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 983 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 984 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 985 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 986 psychics and everything in-between.</p>
 987
 988 <p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 989 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 990 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 991 also be used.</p>
 992
 993 <p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
 994 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don't think it
 995 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
 996 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers
 997 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
 998 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
 999 the user's input.</p>
1000
1001 <p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
1002 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
1003 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
1004 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
1005 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
1006 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
1007 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
1008 stock photos. Potential is immense.</p>
1009
1010 <p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
1011 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
1012 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
1013 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
1014 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
1015 maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know
1016 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
1017 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p>
1018
1019 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
1020
1021 <p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
1022 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
1023 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
1024 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it's a tie between
1025 gnome-flashback and mate.</p>
1026
1027 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
1028 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
1029
1030 <p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
1031 whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
1032 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
1033 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
1034 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
1035 various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p>
1036
1037 <p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
1038 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
1039 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
1040 well.</p>
1041
1042 <p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
1043 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
1044 there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La
1045 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p>
1046
1047 <p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
1048 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
1049 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
1050 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
1051 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
1052 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
1053 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
1054 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
1055 releases.</p>
1056
1057 <p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
1058 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
1059 is aimed at.
1060
1061 <p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
1062 around 2 years, and
1063 <a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered
1064 some experience</a> there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
1065 there was :</p>
1066
1067 <ol>
1068
1069   <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
1070    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
1071    portion/syllabus given.</li>
1072
1073   <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
1074    is in the syllabus.</li>
1075
1076   <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
1077    times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris
1078    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's
1079    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
1080    as recognizable as say a
1081    <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri
1082    Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
1083    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
1084    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
1085    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
1086    something but that is something for upstream to do.</li>
1087
1088 </ol>
1089 </div>
1090       <div class="tags">
1091
1092
1093         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
1094
1095
1096       </div>
1097     </div>
1098     <div class="padding"></div>
1099
1100     <div class="entry">
1101       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html">I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!</a></div>
1102       <div class="date"> 7th April 2015</div>
1103       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a
1104 href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers'
1105 Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p>
1106
1107 <p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
1108 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
1109 <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for
1110 it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
1111 part of my involvement with the
1112 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member
1113 association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
1114 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
1115 Hackathon with our friends
1116 over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and
1117 <a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>.  This part is
1118 named the 'My Society' track in the program.  There is still space for
1119 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.</p>
1120
1121 <p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks
1122 submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p>
1123 </div>
1124       <div class="tags">
1125
1126
1127         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
1128
1129
1130       </div>
1131     </div>
1132     <div class="padding"></div>
1133
1134     <div class="entry">
1135       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html">Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</a></div>
1136       <div class="date"> 4th April 2015</div>
1137       <div class="body"><p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
1138 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book
1139 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig.
1140 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
1141 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
1142 I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
1143 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
1144 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
1145 project pages.  You can also check out the
1146 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>,
1147 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a>
1148 and HTML version available in the
1149 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive
1150 directory</a>.</p>
1151
1152 <p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
1153 you find any.</p>
1154 </div>
1155       <div class="tags">
1156
1157
1158         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
1159
1160
1161       </div>
1162     </div>
1163     <div class="padding"></div>
1164
1165     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1166     <div id="sidebar">
1167
1168
1169
1170 <h2>Archive</h2>
1171 <ul>
1172
1173 <li>2015
1174 <ul>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1187
1188 </ul></li>
1189
1190 <li>2014
1191 <ul>
1192
1193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1194
1195 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1196
1197 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1198
1199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1212
1213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1214
1215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1216
1217 </ul></li>
1218
1219 <li>2013
1220 <ul>
1221
1222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1223
1224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1225
1226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1227
1228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1241
1242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1243
1244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1245
1246 </ul></li>
1247
1248 <li>2012
1249 <ul>
1250
1251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1252
1253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1254
1255 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1256
1257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1258
1259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1260
1261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1262
1263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1264
1265 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1266
1267 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1268
1269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1270
1271 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1272
1273 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1274
1275 </ul></li>
1276
1277 <li>2011
1278 <ul>
1279
1280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1281
1282 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1283
1284 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1285
1286 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1287
1288 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1289
1290 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1291
1292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1293
1294 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1295
1296 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1297
1298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1299
1300 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1301
1302 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1303
1304 </ul></li>
1305
1306 <li>2010
1307 <ul>
1308
1309 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1310
1311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1312
1313 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1314
1315 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1316
1317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1318
1319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1320
1321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1322
1323 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1324
1325 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1326
1327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1328
1329 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1330
1331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1332
1333 </ul></li>
1334
1335 <li>2009
1336 <ul>
1337
1338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1339
1340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1341
1342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1343
1344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1345
1346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1347
1348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1349
1350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1351
1352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1353
1354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1355
1356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1357
1358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1359
1360 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1361
1362 </ul></li>
1363
1364 <li>2008
1365 <ul>
1366
1367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1368
1369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1370
1371 </ul></li>
1372
1373 </ul>
1374
1375
1376
1377 <h2>Tags</h2>
1378 <ul>
1379
1380  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1381
1382  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1383
1384  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1385
1386  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1387
1388  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1389
1390  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1391
1392  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1393
1394  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1395
1396  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (109)</a></li>
1397
1398  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1399
1400  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1401
1402  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1403
1404  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
1405
1406  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1407
1408  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (279)</a></li>
1409
1410  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1411
1412  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1413
1414  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
1415
1416  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1417
1418  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (15)</a></li>
1419
1420  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (19)</a></li>
1421
1422  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1423
1424  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1425
1426  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1427
1428  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1429
1430  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1431
1432  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1433
1434  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1435
1436  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1437
1438  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (34)</a></li>
1439
1440  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (262)</a></li>
1441
1442  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
1443
1444  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (17)</a></li>
1445
1446  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1447
1448  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (52)</a></li>
1449
1450  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1451
1452  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1453
1454  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1455
1456  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1457
1458  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1459
1460  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1461
1462  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1463
1464  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1465
1466  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1467
1468  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1469
1470  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1471
1472  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1473
1474  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (47)</a></li>
1475
1476  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1477
1478  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1479
1480  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1481
1482  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1483
1484  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1485
1486  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1487
1488  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (52)</a></li>
1489
1490  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1491
1492  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (36)</a></li>
1493
1494 </ul>
1495
1496
1497     </div>
1498     <p style="text-align: right">
1499  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1500 </p>
1501
1502   </body>
1503 </html>