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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">22nd January 2013</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I
  26 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  27 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  28 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  29 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  30 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  31 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  32 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  33 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  34 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  35 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  36 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  37 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  38 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  42 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage
  43 </pre>
  44
  45 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  46 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  47 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  48 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  49
  50 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  51 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  52 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  53 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  54 word.</p>
  55 </div>
  56       <div class="tags">
  57
  58
  59         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  60
  61
  62       </div>
  63     </div>
  64     <div class="padding"></div>
  65
  66     <div class="entry">
  67       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a></div>
  68       <div class="date">21st January 2013</div>
  69       <div class="body"><p>Early this month I set out to try to
  70 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  71 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  72 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  73 it, fetch the
  74 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  75 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  76 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  77 autostart script.</p>
  78
  79 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  80
  81 <ul>
  82
  83 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  84 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  85
  86 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  87 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  88 initially did.</li>
  89
  90 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  91 the APT database, a database
  92 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  93 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  94
  95 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  96 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  97 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  98 package or packages.</li>
  99
 100 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 101 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 102
 103 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 104 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 105
 106 </ul>
 107
 108 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 109 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 110 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 111 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 112
 113 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 114 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 115 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 116 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 117 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 118
 119 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 120 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 121 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 122 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 123 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 124 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 125 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 126 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 127
 128 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 129 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 130 '<tt>svn checkout
 131 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 132 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 133 devscripts package.</p>
 134
 135 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 136 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 137 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 138 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 139 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 140 </div>
 141       <div class="tags">
 142
 143
 144         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 145
 146
 147       </div>
 148     </div>
 149     <div class="padding"></div>
 150
 151     <div class="entry">
 152       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a></div>
 153       <div class="date">19th January 2013</div>
 154       <div class="body"><p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 155 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 156 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 157 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 158 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 159 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 160 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 161 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 162 not a durable solution.
 163
 164 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 165 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 166
 167 <ul>
 168
 169 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 170   than A4).</li>
 171 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 172 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 173 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 174 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 175 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 176 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 177 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 178 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 179 size).</li>
 180 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 181   X.org packages.</li>
 182 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 183   the time).
 184
 185 </ul>
 186
 187 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 188 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 189 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 190 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 191 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 192 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 193 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 194 still be useful.</p>
 195
 196 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 197 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 198 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 199 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 200 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 201 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 202 </div>
 203       <div class="tags">
 204
 205
 206         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 207
 208
 209       </div>
 210     </div>
 211     <div class="padding"></div>
 212
 213     <div class="entry">
 214       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a></div>
 215       <div class="date">18th January 2013</div>
 216       <div class="body"><p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 217 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 218 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 219 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 220 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 221 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 222 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 223
 224 <pre>
 225 #!/usr/bin/python
 226 import sys
 227 import apt
 228 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 229     cache = apt.Cache()
 230     cache.open(None)
 231     thepkgs = []
 232     for pkg in cache:
 233         version = pkg.candidate
 234         if version is None:
 235             version = pkg.installed
 236         if version is None:
 237             continue
 238         record = version.record
 239         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 240             continue
 241         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 242         for t in mime_types:
 243             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 244             if t == mimetype:
 245                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 246     return thepkgs
 247 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 248 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 249     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 250 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 251 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 252     print "  %s" %pkg
 253 </pre>
 254
 255 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 256
 257 <pre>
 258 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 259 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 260   gecko-mediaplayer
 261 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 262 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 263   browser-plugin-gnash
 264 %
 265 </pre>
 266
 267 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 268 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 269 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 270 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 271
 272 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 273 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 274 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 275 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 276 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 277 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 278 </div>
 279       <div class="tags">
 280
 281
 282         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 283
 284
 285       </div>
 286     </div>
 287     <div class="padding"></div>
 288
 289     <div class="entry">
 290       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a></div>
 291       <div class="date">16th January 2013</div>
 292       <div class="body"><p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 293 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 294 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 295 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 296 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 297 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 298 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 299 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 300
 301 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 302 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 303 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 304 can be found on the
 305 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 306 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 307 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 308 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 309 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 310
 311 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 312
 313 <pre>
 314   count MIME type
 315   ----- -----------------------
 316      32 text/plain
 317      30 audio/mpeg
 318      29 image/png
 319      28 image/jpeg
 320      27 application/ogg
 321      26 audio/x-mp3
 322      25 image/tiff
 323      25 image/gif
 324      22 image/bmp
 325      22 audio/x-wav
 326      20 audio/x-flac
 327      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 328      18 video/x-ms-asf
 329      18 audio/x-musepack
 330      18 audio/x-mpeg
 331      18 application/x-ogg
 332      17 video/mpeg
 333      17 audio/x-scpls
 334      17 audio/ogg
 335      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 336 </pre>
 337
 338 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 339
 340 <pre>
 341   count MIME type
 342   ----- -----------------------
 343      33 text/plain
 344      32 image/png
 345      32 image/jpeg
 346      29 audio/mpeg
 347      27 image/gif
 348      26 image/tiff
 349      26 application/ogg
 350      25 audio/x-mp3
 351      22 image/bmp
 352      21 audio/x-wav
 353      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 354      19 audio/x-mpeg
 355      18 video/mpeg
 356      18 audio/x-scpls
 357      18 audio/x-flac
 358      18 application/x-ogg
 359      17 video/x-ms-asf
 360      17 text/html
 361      17 audio/x-musepack
 362      16 image/x-xbitmap
 363 </pre>
 364
 365 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 366
 367 <pre>
 368   count MIME type
 369   ----- -----------------------
 370      31 text/plain
 371      31 image/png
 372      31 image/jpeg
 373      29 audio/mpeg
 374      28 application/ogg
 375      27 image/gif
 376      26 image/tiff
 377      26 audio/x-mp3
 378      23 audio/x-wav
 379      22 image/bmp
 380      21 audio/x-flac
 381      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 382      19 audio/x-mpeg
 383      18 video/x-ms-asf
 384      18 video/mpeg
 385      18 audio/x-scpls
 386      18 application/x-ogg
 387      17 audio/x-musepack
 388      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 389      16 video/x-msvideo
 390 </pre>
 391
 392 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 393 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 394 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 395 issues.</p>
 396
 397 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 398 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 399 </div>
 400       <div class="tags">
 401
 402
 403         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 404
 405
 406       </div>
 407     </div>
 408     <div class="padding"></div>
 409
 410     <div class="entry">
 411       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a></div>
 412       <div class="date">15th January 2013</div>
 413       <div class="body"><p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 414 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 415 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 416 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 417 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 418 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 419 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 420 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 421 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 422 packages.</p>
 423
 424 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 425 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 426 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 427 modalias.</p>
 428
 429 <p><blockquote>
 430 Package: package-name
 431 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 432 </blockquote></p>
 433
 434 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 435 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 436
 437 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 438 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 439
 440 <p><blockquote>
 441 Package: cheese
 442 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 443 </blockquote></p>
 444
 445 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 446 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 447
 448 <p><blockquote>
 449 Package: pcmciautils
 450 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 451 </blockquote></p>
 452
 453 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 454 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 455
 456 <p><blockquote>
 457 Package: colorhug-client
 458 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 459 </blockquote></p>
 460
 461 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 462 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 463 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 464
 465 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 466 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 467 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 468 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 469 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 470 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 471 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 472 Raring.</p>
 473
 474 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 475 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 476 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 477 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 478 try the
 479 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 480 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 481 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 482 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 483
 484 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 485 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 486
 487 <p><blockquote>
 488 % ./hw-support-lookup
 489 <br>yubikey-personalization
 490 <br>%
 491 </blockquote></p>
 492
 493 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 494 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 495
 496 <p><blockquote>
 497 % ./hw-support-lookup
 498 <br>pcmciautils
 499 <br>%
 500 </blockquote></p>
 501
 502 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 503 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 504 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 505
 506 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 507 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 508 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 509 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 510 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 511 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 512 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 513 see if it work.</p>
 514
 515 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 516 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 517 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 518 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 519 </div>
 520       <div class="tags">
 521
 522
 523         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 524
 525
 526       </div>
 527     </div>
 528     <div class="padding"></div>
 529
 530     <div class="entry">
 531       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a></div>
 532       <div class="date">14th January 2013</div>
 533       <div class="body"><p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 534 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 535 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 536 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 537 in
 538 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 539 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 540
 541 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 542
 543 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 544 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 545 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 546 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 547 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 548 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 549
 550 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 551 this shell script:</p>
 552
 553 <pre>
 554 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 555 </pre>
 556
 557 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 558 using modinfo:</p>
 559
 560 <pre>
 561 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 562 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 563 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 564 %
 565 </pre>
 566
 567 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 568
 569 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 570 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 571
 572 <p><blockquote>
 573 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 574 </blockquote></p>
 575
 576 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 577
 578 <pre>
 579  v   00008086  (vendor)
 580  d   00002770  (device)
 581  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 582  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 583  bc  06        (bus class)
 584  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 585  i   00        (interface)
 586 </pre>
 587
 588 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 589 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 590 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 591 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 592
 593 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 594 means.</p>
 595
 596 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 597
 598 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 599 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 600
 601 <p><blockquote>
 602 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 603 </blockquote></p>
 604
 605 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 606
 607 <pre>
 608  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 609  p    0001  (device product)
 610  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 611  dc     09  (device class)
 612  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 613  dp     00  (device protocol)
 614  ic     09  (interface class)
 615  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 616  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 617 </pre>
 618
 619 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 620 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 621 these alias entries show up:</p>
 622
 623 <p><blockquote>
 624 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 625 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 626 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 627 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 628 </blockquote></p>
 629
 630 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 631 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 632 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 633
 634 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 635
 636 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 637 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 638
 639 <p><blockquote>
 640 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 641 </blockquote></p>
 642
 643 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 644
 645 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 646
 647 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 648 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 649 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 650
 651 <p><blockquote>
 652 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 653 </blockquote></p>
 654
 655 <p>The values present are</p>
 656
 657 <pre>
 658  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 659  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 660  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 661  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 662  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 663  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 664  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 665  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 666  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 667  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 668  ct   10             (chassis type)
 669  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 670 </pre>
 671
 672 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 673 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 674
 675 <pre>
 676   3 Desktop
 677   4 Low Profile Desktop
 678   5 Pizza Box
 679   6 Mini Tower
 680   7 Tower
 681   8 Portable
 682   9 Laptop
 683  10 Notebook
 684  11 Hand Held
 685  12 Docking Station
 686  13 All In One
 687  14 Sub Notebook
 688  15 Space-saving
 689  16 Lunch Box
 690  17 Main Server Chassis
 691  18 Expansion Chassis
 692  19 Sub Chassis
 693  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 694  21 Peripheral Chassis
 695  22 RAID Chassis
 696  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 697  24 Sealed-case PC
 698  25 Multi-system
 699  26 CompactPCI
 700  27 AdvancedTCA
 701  28 Blade
 702  29 Blade Enclosing
 703 </pre>
 704
 705 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 706 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 707 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 708
 709 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 710
 711 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 712 test machine:</p>
 713
 714 <p><blockquote>
 715 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 716 </blockquote></p>
 717
 718 <p>The values present are</p>
 719
 720 <pre>
 721   ty  01  (type)
 722   pr  00  (prototype)
 723   id  00  (id)
 724   ex  00  (extra)
 725 </pre>
 726
 727 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 728 the valid values are.</p>
 729
 730 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 731
 732 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 733 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 734 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 735 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 736 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 737 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 738 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 739
 740 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 741
 742 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 743 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 744
 745 <pre>
 746   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 747     echo "$id" ; \
 748     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 749   done
 750 </pre>
 751
 752 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 753 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 754
 755 <pre>
 756   acpi:ACPI0003:
 757     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 758   acpi:device:
 759   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 760   acpi:IBM0068:
 761     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 762     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 763     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 764     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 765   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 766     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 767     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 768     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 769   [...]
 770 </pre>
 771
 772 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 773 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 774 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 775 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 776
 777 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 778 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 779 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 780 </div>
 781       <div class="tags">
 782
 783
 784         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 785
 786
 787       </div>
 788     </div>
 789     <div class="padding"></div>
 790
 791     <div class="entry">
 792       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a></div>
 793       <div class="date">10th January 2013</div>
 794       <div class="body"><p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 795 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 796 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 797 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 798 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 799 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 800 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 801 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 802 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 803 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 804 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 805 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 806 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 807 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 808 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 809 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 810 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 811 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 812 </div>
 813       <div class="tags">
 814
 815
 816         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 817
 818
 819       </div>
 820     </div>
 821     <div class="padding"></div>
 822
 823     <div class="entry">
 824       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a></div>
 825       <div class="date"> 9th January 2013</div>
 826       <div class="body"><p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 827 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 828 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 829 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 830 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 831 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 832 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 833 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 834 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 835 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 836 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 837
 838 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 839 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 840 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 841 simple:
 842
 843 <ul>
 844
 845 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 846   starting when a user log in.</li>
 847
 848 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 849   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 850
 851 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 852   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 853   packages.</li>
 854
 855 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 856   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 857
 858 </ul>
 859
 860 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 861 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 862 discover database to find packages and
 863 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 864 packages.</p>
 865
 866 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 867 draft package is now checked into
 868 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 869 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 870 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 871 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 872 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 873 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 874 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 875 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 876 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 877 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 878 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 879 because of the freeze).</p>
 880
 881 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 882 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 883 inserted):</p>
 884
 885 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 886
 887 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 888 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 889 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 890
 891 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 892 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 893 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 894 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 895 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 896 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 897 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 898
 899 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 900 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 901 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 902 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 903 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 904 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 905 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 906 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 907 not be installed?</p>
 908
 909 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 910 please send me an email. :)</p>
 911 </div>
 912       <div class="tags">
 913
 914
 915         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 916
 917
 918       </div>
 919     </div>
 920     <div class="padding"></div>
 921
 922     <div class="entry">
 923       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a></div>
 924       <div class="date"> 2nd January 2013</div>
 925       <div class="body"><p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 926 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 927 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 928 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 929 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 930 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 931 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 932 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 933 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 934 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 935
 936 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 937 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 938 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 939 </div>
 940       <div class="tags">
 941
 942
 943         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 944
 945
 946       </div>
 947     </div>
 948     <div class="padding"></div>
 949
 950     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 951     <div id="sidebar">
 952
 953
 954
 955 <h2>Archive</h2>
 956 <ul>
 957
 958 <li>2013
 959 <ul>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 962
 963 </ul></li>
 964
 965 <li>2012
 966 <ul>
 967
 968 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 969
 970 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 971
 972 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 973
 974 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 991
 992 </ul></li>
 993
 994 <li>2011
 995 <ul>
 996
 997 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 998
 999 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1000
1001 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1002
1003 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1020
1021 </ul></li>
1022
1023 <li>2010
1024 <ul>
1025
1026 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1027
1028 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1029
1030 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1031
1032 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1049
1050 </ul></li>
1051
1052 <li>2009
1053 <ul>
1054
1055 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1056
1057 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1058
1059 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1060
1061 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1062
1063 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1064
1065 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1066
1067 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1068
1069 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1072
1073 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1076
1077 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1078
1079 </ul></li>
1080
1081 <li>2008
1082 <ul>
1083
1084 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1085
1086 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1087
1088 </ul></li>
1089
1090 </ul>
1091
1092
1093
1094 <h2>Tags</h2>
1095 <ul>
1096
1097  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1098
1099  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1100
1101  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1102
1103  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1194
1195 </ul>
1196
1197
1198     </div>
1199     <p style="text-align: right">
1200  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1201 </p>
1202
1203   </body>
1204 </html>