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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">Welcome to the world, Isenkram!</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         22nd January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Yesterday, I
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">asked
  34 for testers</a> for my prototype for making Debian better at handling
  35 pluggable hardware devices, which I
  36 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">set
  37 out to create</a> earlier this month.  Several valuable testers showed
  38 up, and caused me to really want to to open up the development to more
  39 people.  But before I did this, I want to come up with a sensible name
  40 for this project.  Today I finally decided on a new name, and I have
  41 renamed the project from hw-support-handler to this new name.  In the
  42 process, I moved the source to git and made it available as a
  43 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/isenkram.git">collab-maint</a>
  44 repository in Debian.  The new name?  It is <strong>Isenkram</strong>.
  45 To fetch and build the latest version of the source, use</p>
  46
  47 <pre>
  48 git clone git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/isenkram.git
  49 cd isenkram && git-buildpackage
  50 </pre>
  51
  52 <p>I have not yet adjusted all files to use the new name yet.  If you
  53 want to hack on the source or improve the package, please go ahead.
  54 But please talk to me first on IRC or via email before you do major
  55 changes, to make sure we do not step on each others toes. :)</p>
  56
  57 <p>If you wonder what 'isenkram' is, it is a Norwegian word for iron
  58 stuff, typically meaning tools, nails, screws, etc.  Typical hardware
  59 stuff, in other words.  I've been told it is the Norwegian variant of
  60 the German word eisenkram, for those that are familiar with that
  61 word.</p>
  62
  63       </div>
  64       <div class="tags">
  65
  66
  67         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
  68
  69
  70       </div>
  71     </div>
  72     <div class="padding"></div>
  73
  74     <div class="entry">
  75       <div class="title">
  76         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  77       </div>
  78       <div class="date">
  79         21st January 2013
  80       </div>
  81       <div class="body">
  82         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  83 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  84 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  85 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  86 it, fetch the
  87 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  88 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  89 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  90 autostart script.</p>
  91
  92 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  93
  94 <ul>
  95
  96 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  97 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  98
  99 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
 100 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
 101 initially did.</li>
 102
 103 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
 104 the APT database, a database
 105 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
 106 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
 107
 108 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
 109 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
 110 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
 111 package or packages.</li>
 112
 113 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
 114 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
 115
 116 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
 117 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
 118
 119 </ul>
 120
 121 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
 122 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
 123 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
 124 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
 125
 126 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
 127 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
 128 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
 129 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
 130 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
 131
 132 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
 133 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
 134 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
 135 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
 136 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
 137 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
 138 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
 139 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
 140
 141 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
 142 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
 143 '<tt>svn checkout
 144 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
 145 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
 146 devscripts package.</p>
 147
 148 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-23 12:00</strong>: The project is now
 149 renamed to Isenkram and the source moved from the Debian Edu
 150 subversion repository to a Debian collab-maint git repository.  See
 151 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Welcome_to_the_world__Isenkram_.html">build
 152 instructions</a> for details.</p>
 153
 154       </div>
 155       <div class="tags">
 156
 157
 158         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 159
 160
 161       </div>
 162     </div>
 163     <div class="padding"></div>
 164
 165     <div class="entry">
 166       <div class="title">
 167         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 168       </div>
 169       <div class="date">
 170         19th January 2013
 171       </div>
 172       <div class="body">
 173         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 174 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 175 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 176 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 177 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 178 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 179 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 180 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 181 not a durable solution.
 182
 183 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 184 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 185
 186 <ul>
 187
 188 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 189   than A4).</li>
 190 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 191 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 192 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 193 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 194 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 195 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 196 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 197 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 198 size).</li>
 199 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 200   X.org packages.</li>
 201 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 202   the time).
 203
 204 </ul>
 205
 206 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 207 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 208 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 209 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 210 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 211 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 212 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 213 still be useful.</p>
 214
 215 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 216 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 217 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 218 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 219 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 220 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 221
 222       </div>
 223       <div class="tags">
 224
 225
 226         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 227
 228
 229       </div>
 230     </div>
 231     <div class="padding"></div>
 232
 233     <div class="entry">
 234       <div class="title">
 235         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 236       </div>
 237       <div class="date">
 238         18th January 2013
 239       </div>
 240       <div class="body">
 241         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 242 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 243 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 244 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 245 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 246 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 247 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 248
 249 <pre>
 250 #!/usr/bin/python
 251 import sys
 252 import apt
 253 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 254     cache = apt.Cache()
 255     cache.open(None)
 256     thepkgs = []
 257     for pkg in cache:
 258         version = pkg.candidate
 259         if version is None:
 260             version = pkg.installed
 261         if version is None:
 262             continue
 263         record = version.record
 264         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 265             continue
 266         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 267         for t in mime_types:
 268             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 269             if t == mimetype:
 270                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 271     return thepkgs
 272 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 273 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 274     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 275 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 276 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 277     print "  %s" %pkg
 278 </pre>
 279
 280 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 281
 282 <pre>
 283 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 284 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 285   gecko-mediaplayer
 286 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 287 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 288   browser-plugin-gnash
 289 %
 290 </pre>
 291
 292 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 293 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 294 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 295 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 296
 297 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 298 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 299 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 300 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 301 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 302 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 303
 304       </div>
 305       <div class="tags">
 306
 307
 308         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 309
 310
 311       </div>
 312     </div>
 313     <div class="padding"></div>
 314
 315     <div class="entry">
 316       <div class="title">
 317         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 318       </div>
 319       <div class="date">
 320         16th January 2013
 321       </div>
 322       <div class="body">
 323         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 324 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 325 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 326 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 327 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 328 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 329 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 330 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 331
 332 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 333 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 334 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 335 can be found on the
 336 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 337 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 338 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 339 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 340 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 341
 342 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 343
 344 <pre>
 345   count MIME type
 346   ----- -----------------------
 347      32 text/plain
 348      30 audio/mpeg
 349      29 image/png
 350      28 image/jpeg
 351      27 application/ogg
 352      26 audio/x-mp3
 353      25 image/tiff
 354      25 image/gif
 355      22 image/bmp
 356      22 audio/x-wav
 357      20 audio/x-flac
 358      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 359      18 video/x-ms-asf
 360      18 audio/x-musepack
 361      18 audio/x-mpeg
 362      18 application/x-ogg
 363      17 video/mpeg
 364      17 audio/x-scpls
 365      17 audio/ogg
 366      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 367 </pre>
 368
 369 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 370
 371 <pre>
 372   count MIME type
 373   ----- -----------------------
 374      33 text/plain
 375      32 image/png
 376      32 image/jpeg
 377      29 audio/mpeg
 378      27 image/gif
 379      26 image/tiff
 380      26 application/ogg
 381      25 audio/x-mp3
 382      22 image/bmp
 383      21 audio/x-wav
 384      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 385      19 audio/x-mpeg
 386      18 video/mpeg
 387      18 audio/x-scpls
 388      18 audio/x-flac
 389      18 application/x-ogg
 390      17 video/x-ms-asf
 391      17 text/html
 392      17 audio/x-musepack
 393      16 image/x-xbitmap
 394 </pre>
 395
 396 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 397
 398 <pre>
 399   count MIME type
 400   ----- -----------------------
 401      31 text/plain
 402      31 image/png
 403      31 image/jpeg
 404      29 audio/mpeg
 405      28 application/ogg
 406      27 image/gif
 407      26 image/tiff
 408      26 audio/x-mp3
 409      23 audio/x-wav
 410      22 image/bmp
 411      21 audio/x-flac
 412      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 413      19 audio/x-mpeg
 414      18 video/x-ms-asf
 415      18 video/mpeg
 416      18 audio/x-scpls
 417      18 application/x-ogg
 418      17 audio/x-musepack
 419      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 420      16 video/x-msvideo
 421 </pre>
 422
 423 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 424 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 425 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 426 issues.</p>
 427
 428 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 429 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 430
 431       </div>
 432       <div class="tags">
 433
 434
 435         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 436
 437
 438       </div>
 439     </div>
 440     <div class="padding"></div>
 441
 442     <div class="entry">
 443       <div class="title">
 444         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 445       </div>
 446       <div class="date">
 447         15th January 2013
 448       </div>
 449       <div class="body">
 450         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 451 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 452 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 453 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 454 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 455 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 456 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 457 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 458 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 459 packages.</p>
 460
 461 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 462 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 463 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 464 modalias.</p>
 465
 466 <p><blockquote>
 467 Package: package-name
 468 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 469 </blockquote></p>
 470
 471 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 472 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 473
 474 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 475 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 476
 477 <p><blockquote>
 478 Package: cheese
 479 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 480 </blockquote></p>
 481
 482 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 483 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 484
 485 <p><blockquote>
 486 Package: pcmciautils
 487 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 488 </blockquote></p>
 489
 490 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 491 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 492
 493 <p><blockquote>
 494 Package: colorhug-client
 495 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 496 </blockquote></p>
 497
 498 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 499 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 500 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 501
 502 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 503 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 504 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 505 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 506 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 507 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 508 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 509 Raring.</p>
 510
 511 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 512 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 513 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 514 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 515 try the
 516 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 517 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 518 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 519 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 520
 521 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 522 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 523
 524 <p><blockquote>
 525 % ./hw-support-lookup
 526 <br>yubikey-personalization
 527 <br>%
 528 </blockquote></p>
 529
 530 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 531 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 532
 533 <p><blockquote>
 534 % ./hw-support-lookup
 535 <br>pcmciautils
 536 <br>%
 537 </blockquote></p>
 538
 539 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 540 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 541 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 542
 543 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 544 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 545 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 546 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 547 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 548 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 549 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 550 see if it work.</p>
 551
 552 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 553 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 554 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 555 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 556
 557       </div>
 558       <div class="tags">
 559
 560
 561         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 562
 563
 564       </div>
 565     </div>
 566     <div class="padding"></div>
 567
 568     <div class="entry">
 569       <div class="title">
 570         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 571       </div>
 572       <div class="date">
 573         14th January 2013
 574       </div>
 575       <div class="body">
 576         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 577 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 578 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 579 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 580 in
 581 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 582 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 583
 584 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 585
 586 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 587 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 588 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 589 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 590 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 591 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 592
 593 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 594 this shell script:</p>
 595
 596 <pre>
 597 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 598 </pre>
 599
 600 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 601 using modinfo:</p>
 602
 603 <pre>
 604 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 605 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 606 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 607 %
 608 </pre>
 609
 610 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 611
 612 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 613 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 614
 615 <p><blockquote>
 616 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 617 </blockquote></p>
 618
 619 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 620
 621 <pre>
 622  v   00008086  (vendor)
 623  d   00002770  (device)
 624  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 625  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 626  bc  06        (bus class)
 627  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 628  i   00        (interface)
 629 </pre>
 630
 631 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 632 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 633 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 634 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 635
 636 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 637 means.</p>
 638
 639 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 640
 641 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 642 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 643
 644 <p><blockquote>
 645 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 646 </blockquote></p>
 647
 648 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 649
 650 <pre>
 651  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 652  p    0001  (device product)
 653  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 654  dc     09  (device class)
 655  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 656  dp     00  (device protocol)
 657  ic     09  (interface class)
 658  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 659  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 660 </pre>
 661
 662 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 663 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 664 these alias entries show up:</p>
 665
 666 <p><blockquote>
 667 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 668 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 669 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 670 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 671 </blockquote></p>
 672
 673 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 674 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 675 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 676
 677 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 678
 679 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 680 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 681
 682 <p><blockquote>
 683 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 684 </blockquote></p>
 685
 686 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 687
 688 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 689
 690 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 691 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 692 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 693
 694 <p><blockquote>
 695 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 696 </blockquote></p>
 697
 698 <p>The values present are</p>
 699
 700 <pre>
 701  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 702  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 703  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 704  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 705  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 706  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 707  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 708  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 709  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 710  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 711  ct   10             (chassis type)
 712  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 713 </pre>
 714
 715 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 716 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 717
 718 <pre>
 719   3 Desktop
 720   4 Low Profile Desktop
 721   5 Pizza Box
 722   6 Mini Tower
 723   7 Tower
 724   8 Portable
 725   9 Laptop
 726  10 Notebook
 727  11 Hand Held
 728  12 Docking Station
 729  13 All In One
 730  14 Sub Notebook
 731  15 Space-saving
 732  16 Lunch Box
 733  17 Main Server Chassis
 734  18 Expansion Chassis
 735  19 Sub Chassis
 736  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 737  21 Peripheral Chassis
 738  22 RAID Chassis
 739  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 740  24 Sealed-case PC
 741  25 Multi-system
 742  26 CompactPCI
 743  27 AdvancedTCA
 744  28 Blade
 745  29 Blade Enclosing
 746 </pre>
 747
 748 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 749 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 750 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 751
 752 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 753
 754 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 755 test machine:</p>
 756
 757 <p><blockquote>
 758 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 759 </blockquote></p>
 760
 761 <p>The values present are</p>
 762
 763 <pre>
 764   ty  01  (type)
 765   pr  00  (prototype)
 766   id  00  (id)
 767   ex  00  (extra)
 768 </pre>
 769
 770 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 771 the valid values are.</p>
 772
 773 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 774
 775 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 776 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 777 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 778 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 779 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 780 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 781 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 782
 783 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 784
 785 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 786 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 787
 788 <pre>
 789   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 790     echo "$id" ; \
 791     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 792   done
 793 </pre>
 794
 795 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 796 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 797
 798 <pre>
 799   acpi:ACPI0003:
 800     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 801   acpi:device:
 802   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 803   acpi:IBM0068:
 804     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 805     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 806     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 807     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 808   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 809     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 810     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 811     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 812   [...]
 813 </pre>
 814
 815 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 816 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 817 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 818 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 819
 820 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 821 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 822 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 823
 824       </div>
 825       <div class="tags">
 826
 827
 828         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 829
 830
 831       </div>
 832     </div>
 833     <div class="padding"></div>
 834
 835     <div class="entry">
 836       <div class="title">
 837         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 838       </div>
 839       <div class="date">
 840         10th January 2013
 841       </div>
 842       <div class="body">
 843         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 844 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 845 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 846 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 847 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 848 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 849 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 850 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 851 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 852 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 853 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 854 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 855 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 856 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 857 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 858 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 859 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 860 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 861
 862       </div>
 863       <div class="tags">
 864
 865
 866         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 867
 868
 869       </div>
 870     </div>
 871     <div class="padding"></div>
 872
 873     <div class="entry">
 874       <div class="title">
 875         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 876       </div>
 877       <div class="date">
 878          9th January 2013
 879       </div>
 880       <div class="body">
 881         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 882 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 883 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 884 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 885 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 886 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 887 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 888 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 889 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 890 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 891 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 892
 893 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 894 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 895 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 896 simple:
 897
 898 <ul>
 899
 900 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 901   starting when a user log in.</li>
 902
 903 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 904   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 905
 906 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 907   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 908   packages.</li>
 909
 910 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 911   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 912
 913 </ul>
 914
 915 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 916 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 917 discover database to find packages and
 918 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 919 packages.</p>
 920
 921 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 922 draft package is now checked into
 923 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 924 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 925 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 926 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 927 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 928 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 929 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 930 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 931 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 932 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 933 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 934 because of the freeze).</p>
 935
 936 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 937 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 938 inserted):</p>
 939
 940 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 941
 942 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 943 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 944 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 945
 946 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 947 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 948 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 949 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 950 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 951 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 952 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 953
 954 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 955 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 956 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 957 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 958 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 959 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 960 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 961 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 962 not be installed?</p>
 963
 964 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 965 please send me an email. :)</p>
 966
 967       </div>
 968       <div class="tags">
 969
 970
 971         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 972
 973
 974       </div>
 975     </div>
 976     <div class="padding"></div>
 977
 978     <div class="entry">
 979       <div class="title">
 980         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 981       </div>
 982       <div class="date">
 983          2nd January 2013
 984       </div>
 985       <div class="body">
 986         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 987 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 988 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 989 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 990 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 991 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 992 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 993 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 994 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 995 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 996
 997 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 998 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 999 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
1000
1001       </div>
1002       <div class="tags">
1003
1004
1005         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
1006
1007
1008       </div>
1009     </div>
1010     <div class="padding"></div>
1011
1012     <div class="entry">
1013       <div class="title">
1014         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
1015       </div>
1016       <div class="date">
1017          1st January 2013
1018       </div>
1019       <div class="body">
1020         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
1021 siste måneden.</p>
1022
1023 <ul>
1024
1025 <li>2012-12-07
1026   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
1027   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
1028   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
1029   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
1030
1031 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
1032   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
1033   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
1034   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
1035   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
1036   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
1037   håper protestene brer om seg.
1038
1039   <ul>
1040
1041   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
1042     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
1043
1044   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
1045     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
1046
1047   <li>2012-12-07
1048     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
1049     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
1050     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
1051
1052   <li>2012-12-08
1053     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
1054       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
1055
1056   </ul>
1057
1058 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
1059
1060 <li>2012-12-11
1061   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
1062
1063 <li>2012-12-21
1064   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1065   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1066   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1067
1068 <li>2012-05-03
1069   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1070   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1071   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1072   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1073   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1074
1075 <li>2012-12-14
1076   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1077   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1078
1079 <li>2012-12-18
1080   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1081   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1082
1083
1084 <li>2012-12-17
1085   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1086   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1087
1088 <li>2011-01-12
1089   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1090   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1091   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1092
1093
1094 <li>2012-12-19
1095   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1096   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1097
1098 <li>2012-12-25
1099   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1100   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1101   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1102
1103 <li>2009-05-04
1104   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1105   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1106   Olav Torvund.</li>
1107
1108 </ul>
1109
1110 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1111
1112       </div>
1113       <div class="tags">
1114
1115
1116         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1117
1118
1119       </div>
1120     </div>
1121     <div class="padding"></div>
1122
1123     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1124     <div id="sidebar">
1125
1126
1127
1128 <h2>Archive</h2>
1129 <ul>
1130
1131 <li>2013
1132 <ul>
1133
1134 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1135
1136 </ul></li>
1137
1138 <li>2012
1139 <ul>
1140
1141 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1142
1143 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1144
1145 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1154
1155 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1156
1157 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1158
1159 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1160
1161 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1162
1163 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1164
1165 </ul></li>
1166
1167 <li>2011
1168 <ul>
1169
1170 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1171
1172 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1187
1188 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1189
1190 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1191
1192 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1193
1194 </ul></li>
1195
1196 <li>2010
1197 <ul>
1198
1199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1212
1213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1214
1215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1216
1217 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1218
1219 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1220
1221 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1222
1223 </ul></li>
1224
1225 <li>2009
1226 <ul>
1227
1228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1241
1242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1243
1244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1245
1246 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1247
1248 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1249
1250 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1251
1252 </ul></li>
1253
1254 <li>2008
1255 <ul>
1256
1257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1258
1259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1260
1261 </ul></li>
1262
1263 </ul>
1264
1265
1266
1267 <h2>Tags</h2>
1268 <ul>
1269
1270  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1271
1272  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1273
1274  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1275
1276  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1277
1278  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1279
1280  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1281
1282  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1283
1284  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (69)</a></li>
1285
1286  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1287
1288  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1289
1290  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1291
1292  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1293
1294  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (175)</a></li>
1295
1296  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1297
1298  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1299
1300  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1301
1302  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1303
1304  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1305
1306  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (5)</a></li>
1307
1308  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1309
1310  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1311
1312  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1313
1314  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1315
1316  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1317
1318  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1319
1320  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1321
1322  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1323
1324  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1325
1326  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1327
1328  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1329
1330  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1331
1332  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1333
1334  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1335
1336  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1337
1338  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1339
1340  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1341
1342  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1343
1344  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1345
1346  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1347
1348  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1349
1350  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1351
1352  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1353
1354  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1355
1356  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1357
1358  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1359
1360  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1361
1362  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1363
1364  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1365
1366  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1367
1368 </ul>
1369
1370
1371     </div>
1372     <p style="text-align: right">
1373  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1374 </p>
1375
1376   </body>
1377 </html>