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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from September 2014.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_test_Debian_Edu_Jessie_despite_some_fatal_problems_with_the_installer.html">How to test Debian Edu Jessie despite some fatal problems with the installer</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         26th September 2014
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>The <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux
  33 project</a> provide a Linux solution for schools, including a
  34 powerful desktop with education software, a central server providing
  35 web pages, user database, user home directories, central login and PXE
  36 boot of both  clients without disk and the installation to install Debian
  37 Edu on machines with disk (and a few other services perhaps to small
  38 to mention here).  We in the Debian Edu team are currently working on
  39 the Jessie based version, trying to get everything in shape before the
  40 freeze, to avoid having to maintain our own package repository in the
  41 future.  The
  42 <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie">current
  43 status</a> can be seen on the Debian wiki, and there is still heaps of
  44 work left.  Some fatal problems block testing, breaking the installer,
  45 but it is possible to work around these to get anyway.  Here is a
  46 recipe on how to get the installation limping along.</p>
  47
  48 <p>First, download the test ISO via
  49 <a href="ftp://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">ftp</a>,
  50 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.no/cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso">http</a>
  51 or rsync (use
  52 ftp.skolelinux.org::cd-edu-testing-nolocal-netinst/debian-edu-amd64-i386-NETINST-1.iso).
  53 The ISO build was broken on Tuesday, so we do not get a new ISO every
  54 12 hours or so, but thankfully the ISO we already got we are able to
  55 install with some tweaking.</p>
  56
  57 <p>When you get to the Debian Edu profile question, go to tty2
  58 (use Alt-Ctrl-F2), run</p>
  59
  60 <p><blockquote><pre>
  61 nano /usr/bin/edu-eatmydata-install
  62 </pre></blockquote></p>
  63
  64 <p>and add 'exit 0' as the second line, disabling the eatmydata
  65 optimization.  Return to the installation, select the profile you want
  66 and continue.  Without this change, exim4-config will fail to install
  67 due to a known bug in eatmydata.</p>
  68
  69 <p>When you get the grub question at the end, answer /dev/sda (or if
  70 this do not work, figure out what your correct value would be.  All my
  71 test machines need /dev/sda, so I have no advice if it do not fit
  72 your need.</p>
  73
  74 <p>If you installed a profile including a graphical desktop, log in as
  75 root after the initial boot from hard drive, and install the
  76 education-desktop-XXX metapackage.  XXX can be kde, gnome, lxde, xfce
  77 or mate.  If you want several desktop options, install more than one
  78 metapackage.  Once this is done, reboot and you should have a working
  79 graphical login screen.  This workaround should no longer be needed
  80 once the education-tasks package version 1.801 enter testing in two
  81 days.</p>
  82
  83 <p>I believe the ISO build will start working on two days when the new
  84 tasksel package enter testing and Steve McIntyre get a chance to
  85 update the debian-cd git repository.  The eatmydata, grub and desktop
  86 issues are already fixed in unstable and testing, and should show up
  87 on the ISO as soon as the ISO build start working again.  Well the
  88 eatmydata optimization is really just disabled.  The proper fix
  89 require an upload by the eatmydata maintainer applying the patch
  90 provided in bug <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">#702711</a>.
  91 The rest have proper fixes in unstable.</p>
  92
  93 <p>I hope this get you going with the installation testing, as we are
  94 quickly running out of time trying to get our Jessie based
  95 installation ready before the distribution freeze in a month.</p>
  96
  97       </div>
  98       <div class="tags">
  99
 100
 101         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 102
 103
 104       </div>
 105     </div>
 106     <div class="padding"></div>
 107
 108     <div class="entry">
 109       <div class="title">
 110         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Suddenly_I_am_the_new_upstream_of_the_lsdvd_command_line_tool.html">Suddenly I am the new upstream of the lsdvd command line tool</a>
 111       </div>
 112       <div class="date">
 113         25th September 2014
 114       </div>
 115       <div class="body">
 116         <p>I use the <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/">lsdvd tool</a>
 117 to handle my fairly large DVD collection.  It is a nice command line
 118 tool to get details about a DVD, like title, tracks, track length,
 119 etc, in XML, Perl or human readable format.  But lsdvd have not seen
 120 any new development since 2006 and had a few irritating bugs affecting
 121 its use with some DVDs.  Upstream seemed to be dead, and in January I
 122 sent a small probe asking for a version control repository for the
 123 project, without any reply.  But I use it regularly and would like to
 124 get <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/lsdvd">an updated version
 125 into Debian</a>.  So two weeks ago I tried harder to get in touch with
 126 the project admin, and after getting a reply from him explaining that
 127 he was no longer interested in the project, I asked if I could take
 128 over.  And yesterday, I became project admin.</p>
 129
 130 <p>I've been in touch with a Gentoo developer and the Debian
 131 maintainer interested in joining forces to maintain the upstream
 132 project, and I hope we can get a new release out fairly quickly,
 133 collecting the patches spread around on the internet into on place.
 134 I've added the relevant Debian patches to the freshly created git
 135 repository, and expect the Gentoo patches to make it too.  If you got
 136 a DVD collection and care about command line tools, check out
 137 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/git/ci/master/tree/">the git source</a> and join
 138 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/lsdvd/mailman/">the project mailing
 139 list</a>. :)</p>
 140
 141       </div>
 142       <div class="tags">
 143
 144
 145         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>.
 146
 147
 148       </div>
 149     </div>
 150     <div class="padding"></div>
 151
 152     <div class="entry">
 153       <div class="title">
 154         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_henger_under_skibrua_over_E16_p__Sollih_gda_.html">Hva henger under skibrua over E16 på Sollihøgda?</a>
 155       </div>
 156       <div class="date">
 157         21st September 2014
 158       </div>
 159       <div class="body">
 160         <p>Rundt omkring i Oslo og Østlandsområdet henger det bokser over
 161 veiene som jeg har lurt på hva gjør.  De har ut fra plassering og
 162 vinkling sett ut som bokser som sniffer ut et eller annet fra
 163 forbipasserende trafikk, men det har vært uklart for meg hva det er de
 164 leser av.  Her om dagen tok jeg bilde av en slik boks som henger under
 165 <a href="http://www.openstreetmap.no/?zoom=19&mlat=59.96396&mlon=10.34443&layers=B00000">ei
 166 skibru på Sollihøgda</a>:</p>
 167
 168 <p align="center"><img width="60%" src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2014-09-13-kapsch-sollihogda-crop.jpeg"></p>
 169
 170 <p>Boksen er tydelig merket «Kapsch >>>», logoen til
 171 <a href="http://www.kapsch.net/">det sveitsiske selskapet Kapsch</a> som
 172 blant annet lager sensorsystemer for veitrafikk.  Men de lager mye
 173 forskjellig, og jeg kjente ikke igjen boksen på utseendet etter en
 174 kjapp titt på produktlista til selskapet.</p>
 175
 176 <p>I og med at boksen henger over veien E16, en riksvei vedlikeholdt
 177 av Statens Vegvesen, så antok jeg at det burde være mulig å bruke
 178 REST-API-et som gir tilgang til vegvesenets database over veier,
 179 skilter og annet veirelatert til å finne ut hva i alle dager dette
 180 kunne være.  De har både
 181 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/datakatalog">en
 182 datakatalog</a> og
 183 <a href="https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api/dokumentasjon/sok">et
 184 søk</a>, der en kan søke etter ulike typer oppføringer innen for et
 185 gitt geografisk område.  Jeg laget et enkelt shell-script for å hente
 186 ut antall av en gitt type innenfor området skibrua dekker, og listet
 187 opp navnet på typene som ble funnet.  Orket ikke slå opp hvordan
 188 URL-koding av aktuelle strenger kunne gjøres mer generisk, og brukte
 189 en stygg sed-linje i stedet.</p>
 190
 191 <blockquote><pre>
 192 #!/bin/sh
 193 urlmap() {
 194     sed \
 195     -e 's/  / /g'   -e 's/{/%7B/g'  \
 196     -e 's/}/%7D/g'  -e 's/\[/%5B/g' \
 197     -e 's/\]/%5D/g' -e 's/ /%20/g'  \
 198     -e 's/,/%2C/g'  -e 's/\"/%22/g' \
 199     -e 's/:/%3A/g'
 200 }
 201
 202 lookup() {
 203     url="$1"
 204     curl -s -H 'Accept: application/vnd.vegvesen.nvdb-v1+xml' \
 205        "https://www.vegvesen.no/nvdb/api$url" | xmllint --format -
 206 }
 207
 208 for id in $(seq 1 874) ; do
 209     search="{
 210   lokasjon: {
 211     bbox: \"10.34425,59.96386,10.34458,59.96409\",
 212     srid: \"WGS84\"
 213   },
 214    objektTyper: [{
 215      id: $id, antall: 10
 216    }]
 217 }"
 218
 219     query=/sok?kriterie=$(echo $search | urlmap)
 220     if lookup "$query" |
 221     grep -q '&lt;totaltAntallReturnert>0&lt;'
 222     then
 223     :
 224     else
 225     echo $id
 226     lookup "/datakatalog/objekttyper/$id" |grep '^  &lt;navn>'
 227     fi
 228 done
 229
 230 exit 0
 231 </pre></blockquote>
 232
 233 Aktuelt ID-område 1-874 var riktig i datakatalogen da jeg laget
 234 scriptet.  Det vil endre seg over tid.  Skriptet listet så opp
 235 aktuelle typer i og rundt skibrua:
 236
 237 <blockquote><pre>
 238 5
 239   &lt;navn>Rekkverk&lt;/navn>
 240 14
 241   &lt;navn>Rekkverksende&lt;/navn>
 242 47
 243   &lt;navn>Trafikklomme&lt;/navn>
 244 49
 245   &lt;navn>Trafikkøy&lt;/navn>
 246 60
 247   &lt;navn>Bru&lt;/navn>
 248 79
 249   &lt;navn>Stikkrenne/Kulvert&lt;/navn>
 250 80
 251   &lt;navn>Grøft, åpen&lt;/navn>
 252 86
 253   &lt;navn>Belysningsstrekning&lt;/navn>
 254 95
 255   &lt;navn>Skiltpunkt&lt;/navn>
 256 96
 257   &lt;navn>Skiltplate&lt;/navn>
 258 98
 259   &lt;navn>Referansestolpe&lt;/navn>
 260 99
 261   &lt;navn>Vegoppmerking, langsgående&lt;/navn>
 262 105
 263   &lt;navn>Fartsgrense&lt;/navn>
 264 106
 265   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsstrategi&lt;/navn>
 266 172
 267   &lt;navn>Trafikkdeler&lt;/navn>
 268 241
 269   &lt;navn>Vegdekke&lt;/navn>
 270 293
 271   &lt;navn>Breddemåling&lt;/navn>
 272 301
 273   &lt;navn>Kantklippareal&lt;/navn>
 274 318
 275   &lt;navn>Snø-/isrydding&lt;/navn>
 276 445
 277   &lt;navn>Skred&lt;/navn>
 278 446
 279   &lt;navn>Dokumentasjon&lt;/navn>
 280 452
 281   &lt;navn>Undergang&lt;/navn>
 282 528
 283   &lt;navn>Tverrprofil&lt;/navn>
 284 532
 285   &lt;navn>Vegreferanse&lt;/navn>
 286 534
 287   &lt;navn>Region&lt;/navn>
 288 535
 289   &lt;navn>Fylke&lt;/navn>
 290 536
 291   &lt;navn>Kommune&lt;/navn>
 292 538
 293   &lt;navn>Gate&lt;/navn>
 294 539
 295   &lt;navn>Transportlenke&lt;/navn>
 296 540
 297   &lt;navn>Trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 298 570
 299   &lt;navn>Trafikkulykke&lt;/navn>
 300 571
 301   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert enhet&lt;/navn>
 302 572
 303   &lt;navn>Ulykkesinvolvert person&lt;/navn>
 304 579
 305   &lt;navn>Politidistrikt&lt;/navn>
 306 583
 307   &lt;navn>Vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 308 591
 309   &lt;navn>Høydebegrensning&lt;/navn>
 310 592
 311   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåling&lt;/navn>
 312 597
 313   &lt;navn>Støy-luft, Strekningsdata&lt;/navn>
 314 601
 315   &lt;navn>Oppgravingsdata&lt;/navn>
 316 602
 317   &lt;navn>Oppgravingslag&lt;/navn>
 318 603
 319   &lt;navn>PMS-parsell&lt;/navn>
 320 604
 321   &lt;navn>Vegnormalstrekning&lt;/navn>
 322 605
 323   &lt;navn>Værrelatert strekning&lt;/navn>
 324 616
 325   &lt;navn>Feltstrekning&lt;/navn>
 326 617
 327   &lt;navn>Adressepunkt&lt;/navn>
 328 626
 329   &lt;navn>Friksjonsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 330 629
 331   &lt;navn>Vegdekke, flatelapping&lt;/navn>
 332 639
 333   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, horisontalelement&lt;/navn>
 334 640
 335   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalelement&lt;/navn>
 336 642
 337   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, vertikalpunkt&lt;/navn>
 338 643
 339   &lt;navn>Statistikk, trafikkmengde&lt;/navn>
 340 647
 341   &lt;navn>Statistikk, vegbredde&lt;/navn>
 342 774
 343   &lt;navn>Nedbøyningsmåleserie&lt;/navn>
 344 775
 345   &lt;navn>ATK, influensstrekning&lt;/navn>
 346 794
 347   &lt;navn>Systemobjekt&lt;/navn>
 348 810
 349   &lt;navn>Vinterdriftsklasse&lt;/navn>
 350 821
 351   &lt;navn>Funksjonell vegklasse&lt;/navn>
 352 825
 353   &lt;navn>Kurvatur, stigning&lt;/navn>
 354 838
 355   &lt;navn>Vegbredde, beregnet&lt;/navn>
 356 862
 357   &lt;navn>Reisetidsregistreringspunkt&lt;/navn>
 358 871
 359   &lt;navn>Bruksklasse&lt;/navn>
 360 </pre></blockquote>
 361
 362 <p>Av disse ser ID 775 og 862 mest relevant ut.  ID 775 antar jeg
 363 refererer til fotoboksen som står like ved brua, mens
 364 «Reisetidsregistreringspunkt» kanskje kan være boksen som henger der.
 365 Hvordan finner jeg så ut hva dette kan være for noe.  En titt på
 366 <a href="http://labs.vegdata.no/nvdb-datakatalog/862-Reisetidsregistreringspunkt/">datakatalogsiden
 367 for ID 862/Reisetidsregistreringspunkt</a> viser at det er finnes 53
 368 slike målere i Norge, og hvor de er plassert, men gir ellers få
 369 detaljer.  Det er plassert 40 på østlandet og 13 i Trondheimsregionen.
 370 Men siden nevner «AutoPASS», og hvis en slår opp oppføringen på
 371 Sollihøgda nevner den «Ciber AS» som ID for eksternt system.  (Kan det
 372 være snakk om
 373 <a href="http://www.proff.no/selskap/ciber-norge-as/oslo/internettdesign-og-programmering/Z0I3KMF4/">Ciber
 374 Norge AS</a>, et selskap eid av Ciber Europe Bv?)  Et nettsøk på
 375  «Ciber AS autopass» fører meg til en artikkel fra NRK Trøndelag i
 376  2013 med tittel
 377 «<a href="http://www.nrk.no/trondelag/sjekk-dette-hvis-du-vil-unnga-ko-1.11327947">Sjekk
 378 dette hvis du vil unngå kø</a>».  Artikkelen henviser til vegvesenets
 379 nettside
 380 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/forside.html">reisetider.no</a>
 381 som har en
 382 <a href="http://www.reisetider.no/reisetid/omrade.html?omrade=5">kartside
 383 for Østlandet</a> som viser at det måles mellom Sandvika og Sollihøgda.
 384 Det kan dermed se ut til at jeg har funnet ut hva boksene gjør.</p>
 385
 386 <p>Hvis det stemmer, så er dette bokser som leser av AutoPASS-ID-en
 387 til alle passerende biler med AutoPASS-brikke, og dermed gjør det mulig
 388 for de som kontrollerer boksene å holde rede på hvor en gitt bil er
 389 når den passerte et slikt målepunkt.  NRK-artikkelen forteller at
 390 denne informasjonen i dag kun brukes til å koble to
 391 AutoPASS-brikkepasseringer passeringer sammen for å beregne
 392 reisetiden, og at bruken er godkjent av Datatilsynet.  Det er desverre
 393 ikke mulig for en sjåfør som passerer under en slik boks å kontrollere
 394 at AutoPASS-ID-en kun brukes til dette i dag og i fremtiden.</p>
 395
 396 <p>I tillegg til denne type AutoPASS-sniffere vet jeg at det også
 397 finnes mange automatiske stasjoner som tar betalt pr. passering (aka
 398 bomstasjoner), og der lagres informasjon om tid, sted og bilnummer i
 399 10 år.  Finnes det andre slike sniffere plassert ut på veiene?</p>
 400
 401 <p>Personlig har jeg valgt å ikke bruke AutoPASS-brikke, for å gjøre
 402 det vanskeligere og mer kostbart for de som vil invadere privatsfæren
 403 og holde rede på hvor bilen min beveger seg til enhver tid.  Jeg håper
 404 flere vil gjøre det samme, selv om det gir litt høyere private
 405 utgifter (dyrere bompassering).  Vern om privatsfæren koster i disse
 406 dager.</p>
 407
 408 <p>Takk til Jan Kristian Jensen i Statens Vegvesen for tips om
 409 dokumentasjon på vegvesenets REST-API.</p>
 410
 411       </div>
 412       <div class="tags">
 413
 414
 415         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 416
 417
 418       </div>
 419     </div>
 420     <div class="padding"></div>
 421
 422     <div class="entry">
 423       <div class="title">
 424         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speeding_up_the_Debian_installer_using_eatmydata_and_dpkg_divert.html">Speeding up the Debian installer using eatmydata and dpkg-divert</a>
 425       </div>
 426       <div class="date">
 427         16th September 2014
 428       </div>
 429       <div class="body">
 430         <p>The <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a> installer could be
 431 a lot quicker.  When we install more than 2000 packages in
 432 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux / Debian Edu</a> using
 433 tasksel in the installer, unpacking the binary packages take forever.
 434 A part of the slow I/O issue was discussed in
 435 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/613428">bug #613428</a> about too
 436 much file system sync-ing done by dpkg, which is the package
 437 responsible for unpacking the binary packages.  Other parts (like code
 438 executed by postinst scripts) might also sync to disk during
 439 installation.  All this sync-ing to disk do not really make sense to
 440 me.  If the machine crash half-way through, I start over, I do not try
 441 to salvage the half installed system.  So the failure sync-ing is
 442 supposed to protect against, hardware or system crash, is not really
 443 relevant while the installer is running.</p>
 444
 445 <p>A few days ago, I thought of a way to get rid of all the file
 446 system sync()-ing in a fairly non-intrusive way, without the need to
 447 change the code in several packages.  The idea is not new, but I have
 448 not heard anyone propose the approach using dpkg-divert before.  It
 449 depend on the small and clever package
 450 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/eatmydata">eatmydata</a>, which
 451 uses LD_PRELOAD to replace the system functions for syncing data to
 452 disk with functions doing nothing, thus allowing programs to live
 453 dangerous while speeding up disk I/O significantly.  Instead of
 454 modifying the implementation of dpkg, apt and tasksel (which are the
 455 packages responsible for selecting, fetching and installing packages),
 456 it occurred to me that we could just divert the programs away, replace
 457 them with a simple shell wrapper calling
 458 "eatmydata&nbsp;$program&nbsp;$@", to get the same effect.
 459 Two days ago I decided to test the idea, and wrapped up a simple
 460 implementation for the Debian Edu udeb.</p>
 461
 462 <p>The effect was stunning.  In my first test it reduced the running
 463 time of the pkgsel step (installing tasks) from 64 to less than 44
 464 minutes (20 minutes shaved off the installation) on an old Dell
 465 Latitude D505 machine.  I am not quite sure what the optimised time
 466 would have been, as I messed up the testing a bit, causing the debconf
 467 priority to get low enough for two questions to pop up during
 468 installation.  As soon as I saw the questions I moved the installation
 469 along, but do not know how long the question were holding up the
 470 installation.  I did some more measurements using Debian Edu Jessie,
 471 and got these results.  The time measured is the time stamp in
 472 /var/log/syslog between the "pkgsel: starting tasksel" and the
 473 "pkgsel: finishing up" lines, if you want to do the same measurement
 474 yourself.  In Debian Edu, the tasksel dialog do not show up, and the
 475 timing thus do not depend on how quickly the user handle the tasksel
 476 dialog.</p>
 477
 478 <p><table>
 479
 480 <tr>
 481 <th>Machine/setup</th>
 482 <th>Original tasksel</th>
 483 <th>Optimised tasksel</th>
 484 <th>Reduction</th>
 485 </tr>
 486
 487 <tr>
 488 <td>Latitude D505 Main+LTSP LXDE</td>
 489 <td>64 min (07:46-08:50)</td>
 490 <td><44 min (11:27-12:11)</td>
 491 <td>>20 min 18%</td>
 492 </tr>
 493
 494 <tr>
 495 <td>Latitude D505 Roaming LXDE</td>
 496 <td>57 min (08:48-09:45)</td>
 497 <td>34 min (07:43-08:17)</td>
 498 <td>23 min 40%</td>
 499 </tr>
 500
 501 <tr>
 502 <td>Latitude D505 Minimal</td>
 503 <td>22 min (10:37-10:59)</td>
 504 <td>11 min (11:16-11:27)</td>
 505 <td>11 min 50%</td>
 506 </tr>
 507
 508 <tr>
 509 <td>Thinkpad X200 Minimal</td>
 510 <td>6 min (08:19-08:25)</td>
 511 <td>4 min (08:04-08:08)</td>
 512 <td>2 min 33%</td>
 513 </tr>
 514
 515 <tr>
 516 <td>Thinkpad X200 Roaming KDE</td>
 517 <td>19 min (09:21-09:40)</td>
 518 <td>15 min (10:25-10:40)</td>
 519 <td>4 min 21%</td>
 520 </tr>
 521
 522 </table></p>
 523
 524 <p>The test is done using a netinst ISO on a USB stick, so some of the
 525 time is spent downloading packages.  The connection to the Internet
 526 was 100Mbit/s during testing, so downloading should not be a
 527 significant factor in the measurement.  Download typically took a few
 528 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the amount of packages being
 529 installed.</p>
 530
 531 <p>The speedup is implemented by using two hooks in
 532 <a href="https://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/">Debian
 533 Installer</a>, the pre-pkgsel.d hook to set up the diverts, and the
 534 finish-install.d hook to remove the divert at the end of the
 535 installation.  I picked the pre-pkgsel.d hook instead of the
 536 post-base-installer.d hook because I test using an ISO without the
 537 eatmydata package included, and the post-base-installer.d hook in
 538 Debian Edu can only operate on packages included in the ISO.  The
 539 negative effect of this is that I am unable to activate this
 540 optimization for the kernel installation step in d-i.  If the code is
 541 moved to the post-base-installer.d hook, the speedup would be larger
 542 for the entire installation.</p>
 543
 544 <p>I've implemented this in the
 545 <a href="https://packages.qa.debian.org/debian-edu-install">debian-edu-install</a>
 546 git repository, and plan to provide the optimization as part of the
 547 Debian Edu installation.  If you want to test this yourself, you can
 548 create two files in the installer (or in an udeb).  One shell script
 549 need do go into /usr/lib/pre-pkgsel.d/, with content like this:</p>
 550
 551 <p><blockquote><pre>
 552 #!/bin/sh
 553 set -e
 554 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 555 info() {
 556     logger -t my-pkgsel "info: $*"
 557 }
 558 error() {
 559     logger -t my-pkgsel "error: $*"
 560 }
 561 override_install() {
 562     apt-install eatmydata || true
 563     if [ -x /target/usr/bin/eatmydata ] ; then
 564         for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 565             file=/usr/bin/$bin
 566             # Test that the file exist and have not been diverted already.
 567             if [ -f /target$file ] ; then
 568                 info "diverting $file using eatmydata"
 569                 printf "#!/bin/sh\neatmydata $bin.distrib \"\$@\"\n" \
 570                     > /target$file.edu
 571                 chmod 755 /target$file.edu
 572                 in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 573                     --rename --quiet --add $file
 574                 ln -sf ./$bin.edu /target$file
 575             else
 576                 error "unable to divert $file, as it is missing."
 577             fi
 578         done
 579     else
 580         error "unable to find /usr/bin/eatmydata after installing the eatmydata pacage"
 581     fi
 582 }
 583
 584 override_install
 585 </pre></blockquote></p>
 586
 587 <p>To clean up, another shell script should go into
 588 /usr/lib/finish-install.d/ with code like this:
 589
 590 <p><blockquote><pre>
 591 #! /bin/sh -e
 592 . /usr/share/debconf/confmodule
 593 error() {
 594     logger -t my-finish-install "error: $@"
 595 }
 596 remove_install_override() {
 597     for bin in dpkg apt-get aptitude tasksel ; do
 598         file=/usr/bin/$bin
 599         if [ -x /target$file.edu ] ; then
 600             rm /target$file
 601             in-target dpkg-divert --package debian-edu-config \
 602                 --rename --quiet --remove $file
 603             rm /target$file.edu
 604         else
 605             error "Missing divert for $file."
 606         fi
 607     done
 608     sync # Flush file buffers before continuing
 609 }
 610
 611 remove_install_override
 612 </pre></blockquote></p>
 613
 614 <p>In Debian Edu, I placed both code fragments in a separate script
 615 edu-eatmydata-install and call it from the pre-pkgsel.d and
 616 finish-install.d scripts.</p>
 617
 618 <p>By now you might ask if this change should get into the normal
 619 Debian installer too?  I suspect it should, but am not sure the
 620 current debian-installer coordinators find it useful enough.  It also
 621 depend on the side effects of the change.  I'm not aware of any, but I
 622 guess we will see if the change is safe after some more testing.
 623 Perhaps there is some package in Debian depending on sync() and
 624 fsync() having effect?  Perhaps it should go into its own udeb, to
 625 allow those of us wanting to enable it to do so without affecting
 626 everyone.</p>
 627
 628 <p>Update 2014-09-24: Since a few days ago, enabling this optimization
 629 will break installation of all programs using gnutls because of
 630 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/702711">bug #702711.  An updated
 631 eatmydata package in Debian will solve it.</p>
 632
 633       </div>
 634       <div class="tags">
 635
 636
 637         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 638
 639
 640       </div>
 641     </div>
 642     <div class="padding"></div>
 643
 644     <div class="entry">
 645       <div class="title">
 646         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Good_bye_subkeys_pgp_net__welcome_pool_sks_keyservers_net.html">Good bye subkeys.pgp.net, welcome pool.sks-keyservers.net</a>
 647       </div>
 648       <div class="date">
 649         10th September 2014
 650       </div>
 651       <div class="body">
 652         <p>Yesterday, I had the pleasure of attending a talk with the
 653 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group</a> about
 654 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20140909-sks-keyservers/">the
 655 OpenPGP keyserver pool sks-keyservers.net</a>, and was very happy to
 656 learn that there is a large set of publicly available key servers to
 657 use when looking for peoples public key.  So far I have used
 658 subkeys.pgp.net, and some times wwwkeys.nl.pgp.net when the former
 659 were misbehaving, but those days are ended.  The servers I have used
 660 up until yesterday have been slow and some times unavailable.  I hope
 661 those problems are gone now.</p>
 662
 663 <p>Behind the round robin DNS entry of the
 664 <a href="https://sks-keyservers.net/">sks-keyservers.net</a> service
 665 there is a pool of more than 100 keyservers which are checked every
 666 day to ensure they are well connected and up to date.  It must be
 667 better than what I have used so far. :)</p>
 668
 669 <p>Yesterdays speaker told me that the service is the default
 670 keyserver provided by the default configuration in GnuPG, but this do
 671 not seem to be used in Debian.  Perhaps it should?</p>
 672
 673 <p>Anyway, I've updated my ~/.gnupg/options file to now include this
 674 line:</p>
 675
 676 <p><blockquote><pre>
 677 keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net
 678 </pre></blockquote></p>
 679
 680 <p>With GnuPG version 2 one can also locate the keyserver using SRV
 681 entries in DNS.  Just for fun, I did just that at work, so now every
 682 user of GnuPG at the University of Oslo should find a OpenGPG
 683 keyserver automatically should their need it:</p>
 684
 685 <p><blockquote><pre>
 686 % host -t srv _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no
 687 _pgpkey-http._tcp.uio.no has SRV record 0 100 11371 pool.sks-keyservers.net.
 688 %
 689 </pre></blockquote></p>
 690
 691 <p>Now if only
 692 <a href="http://ietfreport.isoc.org/idref/draft-shaw-openpgp-hkp/">the
 693 HKP lookup protocol</a> supported finding signature paths, I would be
 694 very happy.  It can look up a given key or search for a user ID, but I
 695 normally do not want that, but to find a trust path from my key to
 696 another key.  Given a user ID or key ID, I would like to find (and
 697 download) the keys representing a signature path from my key to the
 698 key in question, to be able to get a trust path between the two keys.
 699 This is as far as I can tell not possible today.  Perhaps something
 700 for a future version of the protocol?</p>
 701
 702       </div>
 703       <div class="tags">
 704
 705
 706         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
 707
 708
 709       </div>
 710     </div>
 711     <div class="padding"></div>
 712
 713     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="09.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 714     <div id="sidebar">
 715
 716
 717
 718 <h2>Archive</h2>
 719 <ul>
 720
 721 <li>2014
 722 <ul>
 723
 724 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 725
 726 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 727
 728 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 729
 730 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 731
 732 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 733
 734 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 735
 736 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 737
 738 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 739
 740 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 743
 744 </ul></li>
 745
 746 <li>2013
 747 <ul>
 748
 749 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 750
 751 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 752
 753 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 754
 755 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 756
 757 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 758
 759 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 760
 761 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 762
 763 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 766
 767 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 768
 769 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 770
 771 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 772
 773 </ul></li>
 774
 775 <li>2012
 776 <ul>
 777
 778 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 779
 780 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 781
 782 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 783
 784 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 785
 786 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 787
 788 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 789
 790 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 791
 792 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 793
 794 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 795
 796 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 797
 798 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 799
 800 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 801
 802 </ul></li>
 803
 804 <li>2011
 805 <ul>
 806
 807 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 808
 809 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 810
 811 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 812
 813 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 814
 815 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 816
 817 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 818
 819 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 820
 821 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 822
 823 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 824
 825 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 826
 827 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 828
 829 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 830
 831 </ul></li>
 832
 833 <li>2010
 834 <ul>
 835
 836 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 837
 838 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 839
 840 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 841
 842 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 843
 844 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 845
 846 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 847
 848 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 849
 850 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 851
 852 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 853
 854 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 855
 856 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 857
 858 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 859
 860 </ul></li>
 861
 862 <li>2009
 863 <ul>
 864
 865 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 874
 875 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 876
 877 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 878
 879 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 880
 881 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 882
 883 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 884
 885 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 886
 887 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 888
 889 </ul></li>
 890
 891 <li>2008
 892 <ul>
 893
 894 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 897
 898 </ul></li>
 899
 900 </ul>
 901
 902
 903
 904 <h2>Tags</h2>
 905 <ul>
 906
 907  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
 908
 909  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 910
 911  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 912
 913  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 914
 915  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
 916
 917  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (14)</a></li>
 918
 919  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 920
 921  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 922
 923  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (106)</a></li>
 924
 925  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (150)</a></li>
 926
 927  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 928
 929  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
 930
 931  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (12)</a></li>
 932
 933  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 934
 935  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (258)</a></li>
 936
 937  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
 938
 939  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
 940
 941  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (13)</a></li>
 942
 943  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (8)</a></li>
 944
 945  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (11)</a></li>
 946
 947  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (41)</a></li>
 948
 949  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
 950
 951  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
 952
 953  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 954
 955  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 956
 957  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 958
 959  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 960
 961  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 962
 963  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (31)</a></li>
 964
 965  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (248)</a></li>
 966
 967  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (162)</a></li>
 968
 969  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (11)</a></li>
 970
 971  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 972
 973  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (48)</a></li>
 974
 975  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (75)</a></li>
 976
 977  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
 978
 979  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 980
 981  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 982
 983  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 984
 985  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
 986
 987  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 988
 989  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
 990
 991  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 992
 993  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
 994
 995  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 996
 997  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
 998
 999  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (45)</a></li>
1000
1001  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1002
1003  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1004
1005  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (26)</a></li>
1006
1007  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1008
1009  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1010
1011  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (43)</a></li>
1012
1013  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1014
1015  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (33)</a></li>
1016
1017 </ul>
1018
1019
1020     </div>
1021     <p style="text-align: right">
1022  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1023 </p>
1024
1025   </body>
1026 </html>