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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Graphing_the_Norwegian_company_ownership_structure.html">Graphing the Norwegian company ownership structure</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">15th June 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>It is a bit work to figure out the ownership structure of companies
  26 in Norway.  The information is publicly available, but one need to
  27 recursively look up ownership for all owners to figure out the complete
  28 ownership graph of a given set of companies.  To save me the work in
  29 the future, I wrote a script to do this automatically, outputting the
  30 ownership structure using the Graphviz/dotty format.  The data source
  31 is web scraping from <a href="http://www.proff.no/">Proff</a>, because
  32 I failed to find a useful source directly from the official keepers of
  33 the ownership data, <a href="http://www.brreg.no/">Brønnøysundsregistrene</a>.</p>
  34
  35 <p>To get an ownership graph for a set of companies, fetch
  36 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/brreg-norway-ownership-graph">the code from git</a> and run it using the organisation number.  I'm
  37 using the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet as an example here, as its
  38 ownership structure is very simple:</p>
  39
  40 <pre>
  41 % time ./bin/eierskap-dotty 958033540 > dagbladet.dot
  42
  43 real    0m2.841s
  44 user    0m0.184s
  45 sys     0m0.036s
  46 %
  47 </pre>
  48
  49 <p>The script accept several organisation numbers on the command line,
  50 allowing a cluster of companies to be graphed in the same image.  The
  51 resulting dot file for the example above look like this.  The edges
  52 are labeled with the ownership percentage, and the nodes uses the
  53 organisation number as their name and the name as the label:</p>
  54
  55 <pre>
  56 digraph ownership {
  57 rankdir = LR;
  58 "Aller Holding A/s" -> "910119877" [label="100%"]
  59 "910119877" -> "998689015" [label="100%"]
  60 "998689015" -> "958033540" [label="99%"]
  61 "974530600" -> "958033540" [label="1%"]
  62 "958033540" [label="AS DAGBLADET"]
  63 "998689015" [label="Berner Media Holding AS"]
  64 "974530600" [label="Dagbladets Stiftelse"]
  65 "910119877" [label="Aller Media AS"]
  66 }
  67 </pre>
  68
  69 <p>To view the ownership graph, run "<tt>dotty dagbladet.dot</tt>" or
  70 convert it to a PNG using "<tt>dot -T png dagbladet.dot >
  71 dagbladet.png</tt>".  The result can be seen below:</p>
  72
  73 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-06-15-ownership-graphs-norway-dagbladet.png" width="80%">
  74
  75 <p>Note that I suspect the "Aller Holding A/S" entry to be incorrect
  76 data in the official ownership register, as that name is not
  77 registered in the official company register for Norway.  The ownership
  78 register is sensitive to typos and there seem to be no strict checking
  79 of the ownership links.</p>
  80
  81 <p>Let me know if you improve the script or find better data sources.
  82 The code is licensed according to GPL 2 or newer.</p>
  83
  84 <p>Update 2015-06-15: Since the initial post I've been told that
  85 "<a href="http://www.proff.dk/firma/carl-allers-etablissement-aktieselskab/københavn-v/hovedkontorer/13624518-3/">Aller
  86 Holding A/S</a>" is a Danish company, which explain why it did not
  87 have a Norwegian organisation number.  I've also been told that there
  88 is a <a href="http://www.brreg.no/automatiske/webservices/">web
  89 services API available</a> from Brønnøysundsregistrene, for those
  90 willing to accept the terms or pay the price.</p>
  91 </div>
  92       <div class="tags">
  93
  94
  95         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
  96
  97
  98       </div>
  99     </div>
 100     <div class="padding"></div>
 101
 102     <div class="entry">
 103       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">Measuring and adjusting the loudness of a TV channel using bs1770gain</a></div>
 104       <div class="date">11th June 2015</div>
 105       <div class="body"><p>Television loudness is the source of frustration for viewers
 106 everywhere.  Some channels are very load, others are less loud, and
 107 ads tend to shout very high to get the attention of the viewers, and
 108 the viewers do not like this.  This fact is well known to the TV
 109 channels.  See for example the BBC white paper
 110 "<a href="http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp-pdf-files/WHP202.pdf">Terminology
 111 for loudness and level dBTP, LU, and all that</a>" from 2011 for a
 112 summary of the problem domain.  To better address the need for even
 113 loadness, the TV channels got together several years ago to agree on a
 114 new way to measure loudness in digital files as one step in
 115 standardizing loudness.  From this came the ITU-R standard BS.1770,
 116 "<a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BS.1770/en">Algorithms to
 117 measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level</a>".</p>
 118
 119 <p>The ITU-R BS.1770 specification describe an algorithm to measure
 120 loadness in LUFS (Loudness Units, referenced to Full Scale). But
 121 having a way to measure is not enough.  To get the same loudness
 122 across TV channels, one also need to decide which value to standardize
 123 on.  For European TV channels, this was done in the EBU Recommondaton
 124 R128, "<a href="https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/r/r128.pdf">Loudness
 125 normalisation and permitted maximum level of audio signals</a>", which
 126 specifies a recommended level of -23 LUFS.  In Norway, I have been
 127 told that NRK, TV2, MTG and SBS have decided among themselves to
 128 follow the R128 recommondation for playout from 2016-03-01.</p>
 129
 130 <p>There are free software available to measure and adjust the loudness
 131 level using the LUFS.  In Debian, I am aware of a library named
 132 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libebur128">libebur128</a>
 133 able to measure the loudness and since yesterday morning a new binary
 134 named <a href="http://bs1770gain.sourceforge.net">bs1770gain</a>
 135 capable of both measuring and adjusting was uploaded and is waiting
 136 for NEW processing.  I plan to maintain the latter in Debian under the
 137 <a href="https://qa.debian.org/developer.php?email=pkg-multimedia-maintainers%40lists.alioth.debian.org">Debian
 138 multimedia</a> umbrella.</p>
 139
 140 <p>The free software based TV channel I am involved in,
 141 <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, plan to follow the
 142 R128 recommondation ourself as soon as we can adjust the software to
 143 do so, and the bs1770gain tool seem like a good fit for that part of
 144 the puzzle to measure loudness on new video uploaded to Frikanalen.
 145 Personally, I plan to use bs1770gain to adjust the loudness of videos
 146 I upload to Frikanalen on behalf of <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">the
 147 NUUG member organisation</a>.  The program seem to be able to measure
 148 the LUFS value of any media file handled by ffmpeg, but I've only
 149 successfully adjusted the LUFS value of WAV files.  I suspect it
 150 should be able to adjust it for all the formats handled by ffmpeg.</p>
 151 </div>
 152       <div class="tags">
 153
 154
 155         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 156
 157
 158       </div>
 159     </div>
 160     <div class="padding"></div>
 161
 162     <div class="entry">
 163       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale med MPEG LA?</a></div>
 164       <div class="date">10th June 2015</div>
 165       <div class="body"><p>Helt siden jeg i 2012 fikk beskjed fra MPEG LA om at
 166 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_mener_NRK_m__ha_avtale_med_dem_for___kringkaste_og_publisere_H_264_video.html">NRK
 167 trengte patentavtale med dem</a> hvis de distribuerte H.264-video til
 168 sluttbrukere, har jeg lurt på hva som gjør at NRK ikke har slik
 169 avtale.  For noen dager siden fikk jeg endelig gjort noe med min
 170 undring, og sendte 2015-05-28 følgende epost til info (at) nrk.no med
 171 tittel "Hva gjør at NRK kan distribuere H.264-video uten patentavtale
 172 med MPEG LA?":</p>
 173
 174 <p><blockquote>
 175 <p>Jeg lurer på en ting rundt NRKs bruk av H.264-video på sine
 176 websider samt distribusjon via RiksTV og kabel-TV.  Har NRK vurdert om
 177 det er behov for en patentavtale med
 178 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/">MPEG LA</a> slik det står i
 179 programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe
 180 Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X?</p>
 181
 182 <p>Hvis dere har vurdert dette, hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering?</p>
 183
 184 <p>Hvis dere ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 185 for patentavtale?</p>
 186
 187 <p>I følge en artikkel på
 188 <a href="https://nrkbeta.no/2012/02/01/siste-kutt-for-final-cut/">NRK
 189 Beta i 2012</a> har NRK brukt eller testet både Apple Final Cut
 190 Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X til bruk
 191 for å redigere video før sending. Alle disse har bruksvilkår
 192 understøttet av opphavsretten som sier at de kun kan brukes til å lage
 193 filmer til personlig og ikke-kommersiell bruk - med mindre en har en
 194 lisensavtale med MPEG LA om bruk av patenter utstedt i USA for H.264.
 195 Se f.eks. <a href="http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/corporate/LICENSE.pdf">bruksvilkårene for Avid</a>, <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000101-264.html">Adobe Premiere</a> og <a href="http://images.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/finalcutstudio2.pdf">Apple Final
 196 Cut Studio</a> og søk etter "MPEG LA".</p>
 197
 198 <p>Dette får meg til å lure på om det er brudd på opphavsretten å bruke
 199 disse verktøyene i strid med bruksvilkårene uten patentavtale med MPEG
 200 LA.  Men NRK bruker jo tilsynelatende disse verktøyene uten patentavtale
 201 med MPEG LA.</p>
 202
 203 <p>I følge forfatteren av Open Broadcast Encoder finnes det to typer
 204 H.264-relaterte avtaler en kan få med MPEG LA. Det er én for å lage
 205 programvare og utstyr som produserer H.264-video, og en annen for å
 206 kringkaste video som bruker H.264. Dette forteller meg at selv om
 207 produsentene av utstyr og programvare som NRK bruker har en slik avtale
 208 med MPEG LA, så trenges det en egen avtale for å kringkaste video på det
 209 formatet.</p>
 210
 211 <p>I følge Ryan Rodriguez hos MPEG LA, da jeg spurte ham på epost i
 212 juni 2012, har NRK ikke en slik avtale med MPEG LA. Han sa videre at
 213 NRK trenger en slik avtale hvis NRK tilbyr H.264-kodet video til
 214 sluttbrukere.  Jeg sjekket listen med
 215 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/Licensees.aspx">organisasjoner
 216 med avtale med MPEG LA</a> og NRK står fortsatt ikke der.</p>
 217
 218 <p>Jeg lurer dermed på hva som gjør at NRK kan bruke de overnevnte
 219 videoredigeringsverktøyene, som tilsynelatende har krav om avtale med
 220 MPEG LA for å kunne brukes slik NRK bruker dem, til å lage videofiler
 221 for distribusjon uten å ha en avtale med MPEG LA om distribusjon av
 222 H.264-video?  Dette er spesielt interessant å vite for oss andre som
 223 også vurderer å spre H.264-video etter å ha redigert dem med disse mye
 224 brukte videoredigeringsverktøyene.</p>
 225 </blockquote></p>
 226
 227 <p>Samme dag fikk jeg automatisk svar om at min henvendelse hadde fått
 228 saksid 1294699.  Jeg fikk deretter følgende respons fra NRK
 229 2015-06-09:</p>
 230
 231 <p><blockquote>
 232 <p>Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som kunne
 233 svare på dette.</p>
 234
 235 <p>For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks
 236 NRKs nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike
 237 tjenester uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd
 238 noen patentavtale.</p>
 239
 240 <p><a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a></p>
 241
 242 <p>Med vennlig hilsen
 243 <br>Gunn Helen Berg
 244 <br>Informasjonskonsulent, Publikumsservice</p>
 245
 246 <p>NRK
 247 <br>Strategidivisjonen
 248 <Br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 249 <br>Post: NRK Publikumsservice, 8608 Mo i Rana
 250 <br>nrk.no / info (at) nrk.no</p>
 251 </blockquote></p>
 252
 253 Da dette ikke helt var svar på det jeg lurte på, sendte jeg samme dag
 254 oppfølgerepost tilbake:
 255
 256 <p><blockquote>
 257 <p>[Gunn Helen Berg]
 258 <br>> Hei, beklager lang svartid, men det tok litt tid å finne ut hvem som
 259 <br>> kunne svare på dette.</p>
 260
 261 <p>Takk for svar.  Men det besvarte ikke helt det jeg spurte om.</p>
 262
 263 <p>> For selskaper som leverer h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett (f.eks NRKs
 264 <br>> nett- tv utgaver som bruker h.264) - og som leverer slike tjenester
 265 <br>> uten betaling fra forbrukere – er det heller ikke påkrevd noen
 266 <br>> patentavtale.
 267 <br>>
 268 <br>> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</p>
 269
 270 <p>Spørsmålet er ikke kun om MPEG LA krever patentavtale eller ikke
 271 (hvilket ikke helt besvares av pressemeldingen omtalt over, gitt at
 272 pressemeldingen kom i 2010, to år før MPEG LA ansvarlige for
 273 internasjonal lisensiering egen Ryan Rodriguez fortalte meg på epost
 274 at NRK trenger en lisens.</p>
 275
 276 <p>Det er uklart fra pressemeldingen hva "Internet Broadcast AVC
 277 Video" konkret betyr, men i følge en
 278 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">presentasjon
 279 fra MPEG LA med tema "AVC PAtent Portfoli License Briefing" datert
 280 2015-05-15</a> gjelder "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" kun kringkasting
 281 på Internet som ikke tilbyr valg av enkeltinnslag ("not
 282 title-by-title"), hvilket jo NRK gjør på sine nettsider.  I tillegg
 283 kringkaster jo NRK H.264-video også utenom Internet (RiksTV, kabel,
 284 satelitt), hvilket helt klart ikke er dekket av vilkårene omtalt i
 285 pressemeldingen.</p>
 286
 287 <p>Spørsmålet mitt er hvordan NRK kan bruke verktøy med bruksvilkår
 288 som krever avtale med MPEG LA for det NRK bruker dem til, når NRK ikke
 289 har avtale med MPEG LA.  Hvis jeg forsto spørsmålet riktig, så mener
 290 NRK at dere ikke trenger avtale med MPEG LA, men uten slik avtale kan
 291 dere vel ikke bruke hverken Apple Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere
 292 Pro, Avid eller Apples Final Cut Pro X for å redigere video før
 293 sending?</p>
 294
 295 <p>Mine konkrete spørsmål var altså:</p>
 296
 297 <ul>
 298
 299 <li>Hvis NRK har vurdert om det er behov for en patentavtale med MPEG LA
 300    slik det er krav om i programvarelisensene til blant annet Apple
 301    Final Cut Studio, Adobe Premiere Pro, Avid og Apples Final Cut Pro X,
 302    hva var utfallet av en slik vurdering? Kan jeg få kopi av vurderingen
 303    hvis den er gjort skriftlig?</li>
 304
 305 <li>Hvis NRK ikke har vurdert dette, har NRK planer om å vurdere behovet
 306    for patentavtale?</li>
 307
 308 <li>Hva slags saksnummer fikk min henvendelse i NRKs offentlige
 309    postjournal?  Jeg ser at postjournalen ikke er publisert for den
 310    aktuelle perioden ennå, så jeg fikk ikke sjekket selv.</li>
 311
 312 </ul>
 313 </blockquote></p>
 314
 315 <p>Det hjelper å ha funnet rette vedkommende i NRK, for denne gangen
 316 fikk jeg svar tilbake dagen etter (2015-06-10), fra Geir Børdalen i
 317 NRK:</p>
 318
 319 <p><blockquote>
 320 <p>Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 321
 322 <p>Jeg har sjekket saken med distribusjonssjef for tv, Arild Hellgren
 323 (som var teknologidirektør da bakkenettet ble satt opp). NRK v/
 324 Hellgren hadde møte med MPEG LA sammen med den europeiske
 325 kringkastingsunionen EBU før bakkenettet for TV ble satt opp
 326 (igangsatt høsten 2007). I dette møtet ble det avklart at NRK/EBU ikke
 327 trengte noen patentavtale for h.264 i forbindelse med oppsett av
 328 bakkenettet eller bruk av MPEG4 h.264 som kompresjonsalgoritme fordi
 329 tjenesten «in full»(nor: helt) var betalt av utsendelseselskapene og
 330 ikke av forbrukerne.</p>
 331
 332 <p><a href="http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555">http://www.nrk.no/oppdrag/digitalt-bakkenett-1.3214555</a></p>
 333
 334 <p>Det er også klart slått fast at selskaper som leverer video basert
 335 på MPEG4 h.264 til sluttbrukere på nett, heller ikke påkrevd noen
 336 patentavtale – så lenge de leverer slike tjenester uten betaling fra
 337 sluttbrukere.</p>
 338
 339 <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100825006629/en/MPEG-LA%E2%80%99s-AVC-License-Charge-Royalties-Internet#.VWb2ws_774Y</a>
 340
 341 <p>“MPEG LA announced today that its AVC Patent Portfolio License will
 342 continue not to charge royalties for Internet Video that is free to
 343 end users (known as “Internet Broadcast AVC Video”) during the entire
 344 life of this License. MPEG LA previously announced it would not charge
 345 royalties for such video through December 31, 2015 (see
 346 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf</a>),
 347 and today’s announcement makes clear that royalties will continue not
 348 to be charged for such video beyond that time. Products and services
 349 other than Internet Broadcast AVC Video continue to be
 350 royalty-bearing.”</p>
 351
 352 <p>Vi har derfor ikke noe behov for å vurdere noen patentavtale med
 353 MPEG LA.</p>
 354
 355 <p>Understreker for øvrig at NRK ikke er låst til MPEG4 – h.264 som
 356 utsendelsesformat – og at vi har brukt og bruker flere andre
 357 alternativer i våre tjenester. Ulike «devicer» har ofte behov for
 358 forskjellige løsninger – og NRK har forsøkt å levere med best mulig
 359 kvalitet /økonomi /stabilitet avhengig av
 360 plattform. Produksjonsformater i NRK spenner for øvrig over en rekke
 361 forskjellige formater – hvor MPEG4 bare er en av disse. Når NRK kjøper
 362 teknisk utstyr er betaling for kodekstøtte ofte en del av
 363 anskaffelsesprisen for denne maskinvaren (enten dette er spesialiserte
 364 enkodere eller forskjellige typer produksjonsutstyr).</p>
 365
 366 <p>Vennlig hilsen
 367 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 368
 369 <p>________________________________________
 370 <br>Geir Børdalen
 371 <br>Investeringsansvarlig NRK / Hovedprosjektleder - Origo
 372 <br>Avdeling for utvikling, innovasjon, investering og eiendom
 373 <br>NRK medietjenester
 374 <br>Sentralbord: +47 23 04 70 00
 375 <br>Post: NRK, AUTV (RBM5), Pb. 8500 Majorstuen, 0340 Oslo
 376 <br>nrk.no
 377 </blockquote></p>
 378
 379 <p>Et godt og grundig svar, som var informativt om hvordan NRK tenker
 380 rundt patentavtale med MPEG LA, men heller ikke helt besvarte det jeg
 381 lurte på, så jeg sendte epostoppfølging samme dag.</p>
 382
 383 <p><blockquote>
 384 <p>[Geir Børdalen]
 385 <br>> Hei Petter Reinholdtsen</p>
 386
 387 <p>Hei, og takk for raskt svar.  Er min henvendelse journalført slik
 388 at den dukker opp i NRKs postjournal?</p>
 389
 390 <p>Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du skriver
 391 at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via bakkenettet
 392 gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.  Hvilke saksnummer fikk dokumenter
 393 som ble opprettet i forbindelse med det omtalte møtet NRK v/Hellgren
 394 og EBU hadde med MPEG LA (dvs. referater, avtaler, etc),
 395 f.eks. dokumentet der formuleringen "in full" som du omtaler
 396 finnes?<p>
 397
 398 <p>Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  Det ene er
 399 hvorfor NRKs forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" dekker
 400 ser ut til å avvike fra det som presenteres i
 401 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">lysark
 402 fra MPEG LA</a> i mai, der MPEG LA på lysark med overskriften
 403 "AVC/H.264 License Terms Participation Fees" og undertittel "Where
 404 remuneration is from other sources" skriver "Internet Broadcast AVC
 405 Video (not title-by-title, not subscription) – no royalty for life of
 406 the AVC Patent Portfolio License".</p>
 407
 408 <p>Her leser jeg MPEG LA dithen at det kun er kringkasting uten
 409 abonnement via Internet som er dekket at vilkårne omtalt i
 410 pressemeldingen, mens jeg forstår deg dithen at NRK mener NRKs
 411 nettsider som også har enkeltfilmer og innslag (som jeg forstår dekket
 412 av formuleringen "title-by-title") dekkes av "Internet Broadcast AVC
 413 Video" fra MPEG LA.  Hva baserer dere denne tolkningen på?  Jeg har
 414 ikke sett noe skriftlig fra MPEG LA som støtter NRKs tolkning, og
 415 lurer på om dere har andre kilder enn den pressemeldingen fra 5 år
 416 tilbake, der NRKS forståelse av hva "Internet Broadcast AVC Video"
 417 dekker er beskrevet?</p>
 418
 419 <p>Det andre er at eposten din ikke nevnte spørsmålet mitt om
 420 bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene som NRK bruker.  Disse
 421 har som tidligere nevnt krav om at de kun skal brukes til private og
 422 ikke-kommersielle formål med mindre en har avtale med MPEG LA, og uten
 423 avtale med MPEG LA kan det jo virke som om NRK bruker verktøyene i
 424 strid med bruksvilkårene.  Hva gjør at disse bruksvilkårene ikke
 425 gjelder for NRK?</p>
 426 </blockquote></p>
 427
 428 <p>Noen minutter senere får jeg foreløpig siste svar i
 429 føljetongen:</p>
 430
 431 <p><blockquote>
 432 <p>Hei igjen</p>
 433
 434 <p>Vårt dokumentarkiv har fått en kopi (journalføringsnr kan jeg
 435 dessverre ikke gi deg).<p>
 436
 437 <p>> Svaret ditt var meget nyttig, og jeg forstår ut fra det du
 438 <br>> skriver at avklaringen med MPEG LA rundt H.264-distribusjon via
 439 <br>> bakkenettet gjelder alle TV-kanaler i Norge.</p>
 440
 441 <p>Svar: Kan ikke svare for andre enn for NRK/EBU - og for bakkenettet
 442 i Norge er det kun NRK som er et lisensbasert selskap. Kan ikke gi noe
 443 svar på saksnr på dokumenter eller ytterligere informasjon da jeg selv
 444 ikke var del i dette.</p>
 445
 446 <p>> Men det er et par ting jeg fortsatt ikke forstår.  ...</p>
 447
 448 <p>Svar: Kan ikke gå ytterligere inn i dette fra min side og mitt
 449 fagfelt som er produksjon/publisering og systemstrukturene bak
 450 disse. For øvrig ligger det etter vår formening ingen begrensninger
 451 for NRK i mulighetene til publisering mht til kodek i
 452 produksjonssystemer. Som tidligere skrevet mener vi at NRK ikke
 453 trenger noen avtale med MPEG LA og støtter oss til det vi allerede har
 454 kommunisert i forrige epost.</p>
 455
 456 <p>Mvh
 457 <br>Geir Børdalen</p>
 458 </blockquote></p>
 459
 460 <p>Det syntes vanskelig å komme videre når NRK ikke ønsker å gå inn i
 461 problemstillingen rundt bruksvilkårene til videoredigeringsverktøyene
 462 NRK bruker, så jeg sendte takk for svarene og avsluttet utvekslingen
 463 så langt:</p>
 464
 465 <p><blockquote>
 466 <p>Tusen takk for rask respons, og oppklarende forklaring om hvordan
 467 NRK tenker rundt MPEG LA.</p>
 468
 469 <p>Jeg vil høre med NRK-arkivet for å se om de kan spore opp de
 470 omtalte dokumentene.  Jeg setter pris på om du kan dele titler, dato
 471 eller annen informasjon som kan gjøre det enklere for arkivet å finne
 472 dem.</p>
 473
 474 <p>Når det gjelder hvordan bruksvilkårene til
 475 videoredigeringsverktøyene skal tolkes, så skal jeg høre med MPEG LA
 476 og produsentene av verktøyene for å forsøke å få klarhet i hva de
 477 mener er rikgig rettstilstand.</p>
 478 </blockquote></p>
 479
 480 <p>Jeg ble litt klokere, men fortsatt er det uklart for meg hva som er
 481 grunnlaget til NRK for å se bort fra bruksvilkår i
 482 videoredigeringsprogramvare som krever MPEG LA-avtale til alt annet
 483 enn privat og ikke-kommersiell bruk.</p>
 484 </div>
 485       <div class="tags">
 486
 487
 488         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 489
 490
 491       </div>
 492     </div>
 493     <div class="padding"></div>
 494
 495     <div class="entry">
 496       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">Blir det virkelig krav om fingeravtrykk i nasjonale ID-kort?</a></div>
 497       <div class="date">12th May 2015</div>
 498       <div class="body"><p>Noen finner det vanskelig å tro at Stortinget faktisk har vedtatt å
 499 kreve at alle norske borgerne må avgi fingeravtrykk til politiet for å
 500 fungere i samfunnet.  Jeg er blitt spurt hva som er grunnlaget for
 501 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">min
 502 påstand i forrige bloggpost</a> om at det nå blir krav om å avgi
 503 fingeravtrykk til politiet for å fungere som borger i Norge.  De som
 504 spør klarer ikke lese det ut fra det som er vedtatt.  Her er en liten
 505 oppsummering om hva jeg baserer det på.  Det sies ikke direkte i
 506 hverken proposisjon, innstilling eller vedtak, men fremgår når en ser
 507 på indirekte formuleringer.</p>
 508
 509 <p>I
 510 <a href="https://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumenter/prop.-66-l-2014-2015/id2399703/">stortingsproposisjon
 511 66</a>, avsnitt 6.3.5 (Avgivelse av biometriske personopplysninger)
 512 står det<p>
 513
 514 <p><blockquote>
 515
 516   <p>Departementet foreslår at både ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk skal
 517   kunne opptas og lagres som identifikasjonsdata i de nasjonale
 518   ID-kortene, på samme måte som i passene. Lovforslaget er derfor
 519   utformet i tråd med passloven § 6 annet ledd, som fastslår at det
 520   til bruk for senere verifisering eller kontroll av passinnehaverens
 521   identitet kan innhentes og lagres i passet biometrisk
 522   personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk (to
 523   fingre). Dagens ordning med lagring av ansiktsfoto og fingeravtrykk
 524   i et kontaktløst smartkort i passet er basert på internasjonale
 525   standarder. Fingeravtrykkene i nasjonalt ID-kort vil bli beskyttet
 526   på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene i passene.</p>
 527
 528   <p>[...]</p>
 529
 530   <p>For norske forhold understreker departementet at innføring av
 531   nasjonale ID-kort sammen med innføring av nye systemer for sikrere
 532   utstedelse og kontroll av pass og relaterte dokumenter gir mulighet
 533   til å utforme ordningen slik at den best mulig møter utfordringene
 534   forbundet med identitetskriminalitet. Det tilsier at fingeravtrykk
 535   opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.</p>
 536 </blockquote></p>
 537
 538 <p>Departementet sier altså at sin anbefaling er at fingeravtrykk skal
 539 opptas og lagres i alle nasjonale ID-kort.  Det skrives som om det
 540 blir valgfritt, på samme måten som det skrives passloven, der det i
 541 loven sier at det kan
 542 «<a href="https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1997-06-19-82#§6">innhentes
 543 og lagres i passet biometrisk personinformasjon i form av ansiktsfoto
 544 og fingeravtrykk (to fingre)</a>».  Men på tross av bruken av «kan» i
 545 passloven er det innført krav om å avgi fingeravtrykk for å få et pass
 546 i Norge.  Proposisjonen sier i tillegg i del 1 (Proposisjonens
 547 hovedinnhold) at ID-kortene skal være like pålitelig som pass og ha
 548 samme sikkerhetsnivå som pass.  Departementet foreslår altså at
 549 ID-kortene skal gis etter samme regler som for pass.</p>
 550
 551 <p>Formuleringene fra hovedinnholdet i proposisjonen er videreført i
 552 <a href="https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Publikasjoner/Innstillinger/Stortinget/2014-2015/inns-201415-243/?lvl=0">innstillingen
 553 fra stortingskomiteen</a>, der det konkret står «De foreslåtte reglene
 554 vil gi befolkningen tilbud om et offentlig utstedt identitetsbevis som
 555 vil være like pålitelig som passet, og mer praktisk å bruke som
 556 legitimasjon» og «Det nasjonale ID-kortet skal også holde samme
 557 sikkerhetsnivå som passet».  Komiteen har altså ingen kommentarer
 558 eller innsigelser til dette forslaget, og gjorde i debatten da saken
 559 ble vedtatt det klart at dette var en god sak og at en enstemmig
 560 komité var glad for resultatet.  Stortinget har dermed stilt seg helt
 561 og fullt bak departementets forslag.</p>
 562
 563 <p>For meg er det åpenbart når en leser proposisjonen at «like
 564 pålitelig» og «samme sikkerhetsnivå» vil bli tolket av departementet
 565 som «med samme biometrisk informasjon som i passene», og departementet
 566 forklarer i tillegg i proposisjonen at de har tenkt at
 567 fingeravtrykkene «vil bli beskyttet på samme måte som fingeravtrykkene
 568 i passene».  Jeg ser det dermed som åpenbart at den samme
 569 tvangsinnhentingen av fingeravtrykk som gjelder for pass vil bli
 570 viderført til de nasjonale ID-kortene.</p>
 571
 572 <p>Det eneste som kan endre dette er massive protester fra
 573 befolkningen på at folk som ikke er mistenkt for noe kriminelt skal
 574 tvinges til å gi fingeravtrykket til politiet for å f.eks. kunne få
 575 bankkonto eller stemme ved valg.  Det kunne få departementet til å
 576 snu.  Det tror jeg ikke vil skje.</p>
 577 </div>
 578       <div class="tags">
 579
 580
 581         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 582
 583
 584       </div>
 585     </div>
 586     <div class="padding"></div>
 587
 588     <div class="entry">
 589       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Norwegian_citizens_now_required_by_law_to_give_their_fingerprint_to_the_police.html">Norwegian citizens now required by law to give their fingerprint to the police</a></div>
 590       <div class="date">10th May 2015</div>
 591       <div class="body"><p>5 days ago, the Norwegian Parliament decided, unanimously, that all
 592 citizens of Norway, no matter if they are suspected of something
 593 criminal or not, are
 594 <a href="https://www.holderdeord.no/votes/1430838871e">required to
 595 give fingerprints to the police</a> (vote details from Holder de
 596 ord).  The law make it sound like it will be optional, but in a few
 597 years there will be no option any more.  The ID will be required to
 598 vote, to get a bank account, a bank card, to change address on the
 599 post office, to receive an electronic ID or to get a drivers license
 600 and many other tasks required to function in Norway.  The banks plan
 601 to stop providing their own ID on the bank cards when this new
 602 national ID is introduced, and the national road authorities plan to
 603 change the drivers license to no longer be usable as identity cards.
 604 In effect, to function as a citizen in Norway a national ID card will
 605 be required, and to get it one need to provide the fingerprints to
 606 the police.</p>
 607
 608 <p>In addition to handing the fingerprint to the police (which
 609 promised to not make a copy of the fingerprint image at that point in
 610 time, but say nothing about doing it later), a picture of the
 611 fingerprint will be stored on the RFID chip, along with a picture of
 612 the face and other information about the person.  Some of the
 613 information will be encrypted, but the encryption will be the same
 614 system as currently used in the passports.  The codes to decrypt will
 615 be available to a lot of government offices and their suppliers around
 616 the globe, but for those that do not know anyone in those circles it
 617 is good to know that
 618 <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/nov/17/news.homeaffairs">the
 619 encryption is already broken</a>.  And they
 620 <a href="http://www.networkworld.com/article/2215057/wireless/bad-guys-could-read-rfid-passports-at-217-feet--maybe-a-lot-more.html">can
 621 be read from 70 meters away</a>.  This can be mitigated a bit by
 622 keeping it in a Faraday cage (metal box or metal wire container), but
 623 one will be required to take it out of there often enough to expose
 624 ones private and personal information to a lot of people that have no
 625 business getting access to that information.</p>
 626
 627 <p>The new Norwegian national IDs are a vehicle for identity theft,
 628 and I feel sorry for us all having politicians accepting such invasion
 629 of privacy without any objections.  So are the Norwegian passports,
 630 but it has been possible to function in Norway without those so far.
 631 That option is going away with the passing of the new law.  In this, I
 632 envy the Germans, because for them it is optional how much biometric
 633 information is stored in their national ID.</p>
 634
 635 <p>And if forced collection of fingerprints was not bad enough, the
 636 information collected in the national ID card register can be handed
 637 over to foreign intelligence services and police authorities, "when
 638 extradition is not considered disproportionate".</p>
 639
 640 <p>Update 2015-05-12: For those unable to believe that the Parliament
 641 really could make such decision, I wrote
 642 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Blir_det_virkelig_krav_om_fingeravtrykk_i_nasjonale_ID_kort_.html">a
 643 summary of the sources I have</a> for concluding the way I do
 644 (Norwegian Only, as the sources are all in Norwegian).</p>
 645 </div>
 646       <div class="tags">
 647
 648
 649         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 650
 651
 652       </div>
 653     </div>
 654     <div class="padding"></div>
 655
 656     <div class="entry">
 657       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_would_it_cost_to_store_all_phone_calls_in_Norway_.html">What would it cost to store all phone calls in Norway?</a></div>
 658       <div class="date"> 1st May 2015</div>
 659       <div class="body"><p>Many years ago, a friend of mine calculated how much it would cost
 660 to store the sound of all phone calls in Norway, and came up with the
 661 cost of around 20 million NOK (2.4 mill EUR) for all the calls in a
 662 year.  I got curious and wondered what the same calculation would look
 663 like today.  To do so one need an idea of how much data storage is
 664 needed for each minute of sound, how many minutes all the calls in
 665 Norway sums up to, and the cost of data storage.</p>
 666
 667 <p>The 2005 numbers are from
 668 <a href="http://www.digi.no/analyser/2005/10/04/vi-prater-stadig-mindre-i-roret">digi.no</a>,
 669 the 2012 numbers are from
 670 <a href="http://www.nkom.no/aktuelt/nyheter/fortsatt-vekst-i-det-norske-ekommarkedet">a
 671 NKOM report</a>, and I got the 2013 numbers after asking NKOM via
 672 email.  I was told the numbers for 2014 will be presented May 20th,
 673 and decided not to wait for those, as I doubt they will be very
 674 different from the numbers from 2013.</p>
 675
 676 <p>The amount of data storage per minute sound depend on the wanted
 677 quality, and for phone calls it is generally believed that 8 Kbit/s is
 678 enough.  See for example a
 679 <a href="http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice/voice-quality/7934-bwidth-consume.html#topic1">summary
 680 on voice quality from Cisco</a> for some alternatives.  8 Kbit/s is 60
 681 Kbytes/min, and this can be multiplied with the number of call minutes
 682 to get the storage requirements.</p>
 683
 684 <p>Storage prices varies a lot, depending on speed, backup strategies,
 685 availability requirements etc.  But a simple way to calculate can be
 686 to use the price of a TiB-disk (around 1000 NOK / 120 EUR) and double
 687 it to take space, power and redundancy into account.  It could be much
 688 higher with high speed and good redundancy requirements.</p>
 689
 690 <p>But back to the question, What would it cost to store all phone
 691 calls in Norway?  Not much.  Here is a small table showing the
 692 estimated cost, which is within the budget constraint of most medium
 693 and large organisations:</p>
 694
 695 <table border="1">
 696 <tr><th>Year</th><th>Call minutes</th><th>Size</th><th>Price in NOK / EUR</th></tr>
 697 <tr><td>2005</td><td align="right">24 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.3 PiB</td><td align="right">3 mill / 358 000</td></tr>
 698 <tr><td>2012</td><td align="right">18 000 000 000</td><td align="right">1.0 PiB</td><td align="right">2.2 mill / 262 000</td></tr>
 699 <tr><td>2013</td><td align="right">17 000 000 000</td><td align="right">950 TiB</td><td align="right">2.1 mill / 250 000</td></tr>
 700 </table>
 701
 702 <p>This is the cost of buying the storage.  Maintenance need to be
 703 taken into account too, but calculating that is left as an exercise
 704 for the reader.  But it is obvious to me from those numbers that
 705 recording the sound of all phone calls in Norway is not going to be
 706 stopped because it is too expensive.  I wonder if someone already is
 707 collecting the data?</p>
 708 </div>
 709       <div class="tags">
 710
 711
 712         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 713
 714
 715       </div>
 716     </div>
 717     <div class="padding"></div>
 718
 719     <div class="entry">
 720       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_Jessie_based_Debian_Edu_beta_release.html">First Jessie based Debian Edu beta release</a></div>
 721       <div class="date">26th April 2015</div>
 722       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to report that the Debian Edu team sent out
 723 <a href="https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html">this
 724 announcement today</a>:</p>
 725
 726 <pre>
 727 the Debian Edu / Skolelinux project is pleased to announce the first
 728 *beta* release of Debian Edu "Jessie" 8.0+edu0~b1, which for the first
 729 time is composed entirely of packages from the current Debian stable
 730 release, Debian 8 "Jessie".
 731
 732 (As most reading this will know, Debian "Jessie" hasn't actually been
 733 released by now. The release is still in progress but should finish
 734 later today ;)
 735
 736 We expect to make a final release of Debian Edu "Jessie" in the coming
 737 weeks, timed with the first point release of Debian Jessie. Upgrades
 738 from this beta release of Debian Edu Jessie to the final release will
 739 be possible and encouraged!
 740
 741 Please report feedback to debian-edu@lists.debian.org and/or submit
 742 bugs: http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ReportBugs
 743
 744 Debian Edu - sometimes also known as "Skolelinux" - is a complete
 745 operating system for schools, universities and other
 746 organisations. Through its pre- prepared installation profiles
 747 administrators can install servers, workstations and laptops which
 748 will work in harmony on the school network.  With Debian Edu, the
 749 teachers themselves or their technical support staff can roll out a
 750 complete multi-user, multi-machine study environment within hours or
 751 days.
 752
 753 Debian Edu is already in use at several hundred schools all over the
 754 world, particularly in Germany, Spain and Norway. Installations come
 755 with hundreds of applications pre-installed, plus the whole Debian
 756 archive of thousands of compatible packages within easy reach.
 757
 758 For those who want to give Debian Edu Jessie a try, download and
 759 installation instructions are available, including detailed
 760 instructions in the manual explaining the first steps, such as setting
 761 up a network or adding users.  Please note that the password for the
 762 user your prompted for during installation must have a length of at
 763 least 5 characters!
 764
 765 == Where to download ==
 766
 767 A multi-architecture CD / usbstick image (649 MiB) for network booting
 768 can be downloaded at the following locations:
 769
 770     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso
 771     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-CD.iso .
 772
 773 The SHA1SUM of this image is: 54a524d16246cddd8d2cfd6ea52f2dd78c47ee0a
 774
 775 Alternatively an extended DVD / usbstick image (4.9 GiB) is also
 776 available, with more software included (saving additional download
 777 time):
 778
 779     http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 780     rsync -avzP ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-8.0+edu0~b1-USB.iso
 781
 782 The SHA1SUM of this image is: fb1f1504a490c077a48653898f9d6a461cb3c636
 783
 784 Sources are available from the Debian archive, see
 785 http://ftp.debian.org/debian-cd/8.0.0/source/ for some download
 786 options.
 787
 788 == Debian Edu Jessie manual in seven languages ==
 789
 790 Please see https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Jessie/ for
 791 the English version of the Debian Edu jessie manual.
 792
 793 This manual has been fully translated to German, French, Italian,
 794 Danish, Dutch and Norwegian Bokmål. A partly translated version exists
 795 for Spanish.  See http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/ for
 796 online version of the translated manual.
 797
 798 More information about Debian 8 "Jessie" itself is provided in the
 799 release notes and the installation manual:
 800 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes
 801 - http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual
 802
 803
 804 == Errata / known problems ==
 805
 806     It takes up to 15 minutes for a changed hostname to be updated via
 807     DHCP (#780461).
 808
 809     The hostname script fails to update LTSP server hostname (#783087).
 810
 811 Workaround: run update-hostname-from-ip on the client to update the
 812 hostname immediately.
 813
 814 Check https://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Status/Jessie for a possibly
 815 more current and complete list.
 816
 817 == Some more details about Debian Edu 8.0+edu0~b1 Codename Jessie released 2015-04-25 ==
 818
 819 === Software updates ===
 820
 821 Everything which is new in Debian 8 Jessie, e.g.:
 822
 823  * Linux kernel 3.16.7-ctk9; for the i386 architecture, support for
 824    i486 processors has been dropped; oldest supported ones: i586 (like
 825    Intel Pentium and AMD K5).
 826
 827  * Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspaces 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14,
 828    Xfce 4.12, LXDE 0.5.6
 829    * new optional desktop environment: MATE 1.8
 830    * KDE Plasma Workspaces is installed by default; to choose one of
 831      the others see the manual.
 832  * the browsers Iceweasel 31 ESR and Chromium 41
 833  * LibreOffice 4.3.3
 834  * GOsa 2.7.4
 835  * LTSP 5.5.4
 836  * CUPS print system 1.7.5
 837  * new boot framework: systemd
 838  * Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
 839  * Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
 840  * Image editor Gimp 2.8.14
 841  * Virtual stargazer Stellarium 0.13.1
 842  * golearn 0.9
 843  * tuxpaint 0.9.22
 844  * New version of debian-installer from Debian Jessie.
 845  * Debian Jessie includes about 43000 packages available for installation.
 846  * More information about Debian 8 Jessie is provided in its release
 847    notes and the installation manual, see the link above.
 848
 849 === Installation changes ===
 850
 851     Installations done via PXE now also install firmware automatically
 852     for the hardware present.
 853
 854 === Fixed bugs ===
 855
 856 A number of bugs have been fixed in this release; the most noticeable
 857 from a user perspective:
 858
 859  * Inserting incorrect DNS information in Gosa will no longer break
 860    DNS completely, but instead stop DNS updates until the incorrect
 861    information is corrected (710362)
 862
 863  * shutdown-at-night now shuts the system down if gdm3 is used (775608).
 864
 865 === Sugar desktop removed ===
 866
 867 As the Sugar desktop was removed from Debian Jessie, it is also not
 868 available in Debian Edu jessie.
 869
 870
 871 == About Debian Edu / Skolelinux ==
 872
 873 Debian Edu, also known as Skolelinux, is a Linux distribution based on
 874 Debian providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely
 875 configured school network. Directly after installation a school server
 876 running all services needed for a school network is set up just
 877 waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable
 878 Web-UI. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so after
 879 initial installation of the main server from CD or USB stick all other
 880 machines can be installed via the network. The provided school server
 881 provides LDAP database and Kerberos authentication service,
 882 centralized home directories, DHCP server, web proxy and many other
 883 services.  The desktop contains more than 60 educational software
 884 packages and more are available from the Debian archive, and schools
 885 can choose between KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce and MATE desktop
 886 environment.
 887
 888 == About Debian ==
 889
 890 The Debian Project was founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock to be a truly
 891 free community project. Since then the project has grown to be one of
 892 the largest and most influential open source projects. Thousands of
 893 volunteers from all over the world work together to create and
 894 maintain Debian software. Available in 70 languages, and supporting a
 895 huge range of computer types, Debian calls itself the universal
 896 operating system.
 897
 898 == Thanks ==
 899
 900 Thanks to everyone making Debian and Debian Edu / Skolelinux happen!
 901 You rock.
 902 </pre>
 903 </div>
 904       <div class="tags">
 905
 906
 907         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 908
 909
 910       </div>
 911     </div>
 912     <div class="padding"></div>
 913
 914     <div class="entry">
 915       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_Edu_interview__Shirish_Agarwal.html">Debian Edu interview: Shirish Agarwal</a></div>
 916       <div class="date">15th April 2015</div>
 917       <div class="body"><p>It was a surprise to me to learn that project to create a complete
 918 computer system for schools I've involved in,
 919 <a href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Debian Edu / Skolelinux</a>, was
 920 being used in India.  But apparently it is, and I managed to get an
 921 interview with one of the friends of the project there, Shirish
 922 Agarwal.</p>
 923
 924 <p><strong>Who are you, and how do you spend your days?</strong></p>
 925
 926 <p>My name is Shirish Agarwal. Based out of the educational and
 927 historical city of Pune, from the western state of Maharashtra, India.
 928 My bread comes from giving training, giving policy tips,
 929 installations on free software to mom and pop shops in different
 930 fields from Desktop publishing to retail shops as well as work with
 931 few software start-ups as well.</p>
 932
 933 <p><strong>How did you get in contact with the Skolelinux / Debian Edu
 934 project?</strong></p>
 935
 936 <p>It started innocently enough. I have been using Debian for a few
 937 years and in one local minidebconf / debutsav I was asked if there was
 938 anything for schools or education. I had worked / played with free
 939 educational softwares such as Gcompris and Stellarium for my many
 940 nieces and nephews so researched and found Debian Edu or Skolelinux as
 941 it was known then.  Since then I have started using the various
 942 education meta-packages provided by the project.</p>
 943
 944 <p><strong>What do you see as the advantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 945 Edu?</strong></p>
 946
 947 <p>It's closest I have seen where a package full of educational
 948 software are packed, which are free and open (both literally and
 949 figuratively).  Even if I take the simplest software which is
 950 gcompris, the number of activities therein are amazing. Another one of
 951 the softwares that I have liked for a long time is stellarium. Even
 952 pysycache is cool except for couple of issues I encountered
 953 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781841">#781841</a> and
 954 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/781842">#781842</a>.</p>
 955
 956 <p>I prefer software installed on the system over web based solutions,
 957 as a web site can disappear any time but the software on disk has the
 958 possibility of a larger life span.  Of course with both it's more a
 959 question if it has enough users who make it fun or sustainable or both
 960 for the developer per-se.</p>
 961
 962 <p><strong>What do you see as the disadvantages of Skolelinux / Debian
 963 Edu?</strong></p>
 964
 965 <p>I do see that the Debian Edu team seems to be short-handed and I
 966 think more efforts should be made to make it popular and ask and take
 967 help from people and the larger community wherever possible.</p>
 968
 969 <p>I don't see any disadvantage to use Skolelinux apart from the fact
 970 that most apps. are generic which is good or bad how you see it.
 971 However, saying that I do acknowledge the fact that the canvas is
 972 pretty big and there are lot of interesting ideas that could be done
 973 but for reasons not known not done or if done I don't know about them.
 974 Let me share some of the ideas (these are more upstream based but
 975 still) I have had for a long time :</p>
 976
 977 <p>1. Classical maths question of two trains in opposing directions
 978 each running @x kmph/mph at y distance, when they will meet and how
 979 far would each travel and similar questions like these.
 980
 981 <p>The computer is a fantastic system where questions like these can
 982 be drawn, animated and the methodology and answers teased out in
 983 interactive manner. While sites such as the
 984 <a href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.two.trains.html">Ask
 985 Dr. Math FAQ on The Two Trains problem</a> (as an example or point of
 986 inspiration) can be used there is lot more that can be done.  I dunno
 987 if there is a free software which does something like this.  The idea
 988 being a blend of objects + animation + interaction which does
 989 this. The whole interaction could be gamified with points or sounds or
 990 colourful celebration whenever the user gets even part of the question
 991 or/and methodology right. That would help reinforce good behaviour.
 992 This understanding could be used to share/showcase everything from how
 993 the first wheel came to be, to evolution to how astronomy started,
 994 psychics and everything in-between.</p>
 995
 996 <p>One specific idea in the train part was having the Linux mascot on
 997 one train and the BSD or GNU mascot on the other train and they
 998 meeting somewhere in-between. Characters from blender movies could
 999 also be used.</p>
1000
1001 <p>2. Loads of crossword-puzzles with reference to subjects: We have
1002 enormous data sets in Wikipedia and Wikitionary.  I don't think it
1003 should be a big job to design crossword puzzles. Using categories and
1004 sub-categories it should be doable to have Q&A single word answers
1005 from the existing data-sets. What would make it easy or hard could be
1006 the length of the word + existence of many or few vowels depending on
1007 the user's input.</p>
1008
1009 <p>3. Jigsaw puzzles - We already have a great software called
1010 palapeli with number of slicers making it pretty interesting. What
1011 needs to be done is to download large number of public domain and
1012 copyleft images, tease and use IPTC tags to categorise them into
1013 nature, history etc.  and let it loose. This could turn to be really
1014 huge collection of images. One source could be taken from
1015 commons.wikimedia.org, others could be huge collection of royalty-free
1016 stock photos. Potential is immense.</p>
1017
1018 <p>Apart from this, free software suffers in two directions, we lag
1019 both in development (of using new features per-se) and maintenance a
1020 lot.  This is more so in educational software as these applications
1021 need to be timely and the opportunity cost of missing deadlines is
1022 immense. If we are able to solve issues of funding for development and
1023 maintenance of such software I don't see any big difficulties. I know
1024 of few start-ups in and around India who would love to develop and
1025 maintain such software if funding issues could be solved.</p>
1026
1027 <p><strong>Which free software do you use daily?</strong></p>
1028
1029 <p>That would be huge list. Some of the softwares are obviously apt,
1030 aptitude, debdelta, leafpad, the shell of course (zsh nowadays),
1031 quassel for IRC. In games I use shisen-sho while card-games are evenly
1032 between kpat and Aiselriot.  In desktops it's a tie between
1033 gnome-flashback and mate.</p>
1034
1035 <p><strong>Which strategy do you believe is the right one to use to
1036 get schools to use free software?</strong></p>
1037
1038 <p>I think it should first start with using specific FOSS apps. in
1039 whatever environment they are. If it's MS-Windows or Mac so be it.
1040 Once they are habitual with the apps. and there is buy-in from the
1041 school management then it could be installed anywhere. Most of the
1042 people now understand the concept of a repository because of the
1043 various online stores so it isn't hard to convince on that front.</p>
1044
1045 <p>What is harder is having enough people with technical skills and
1046 passion to service them. If you get buy-in from one or two teachers
1047 then ideas like above could also be asked to be done as a project as
1048 well.</p>
1049
1050 <p>I think where we fall short more than anything is in marketing. For
1051 instance, Debian has this whole range of fonts in its archive but
1052 there isn't even a page where all those different fonts in the La
1053 Ipsum format could be tried out for newcomers.</p>
1054
1055 <p>One of the issues faced constantly in installations is with updates
1056 and upgrades.  People have this myth that each update and upgrade
1057 means the user interface will / has to change. I have seen this
1058 innumerable times.  That perhaps is one of the reasons which browsers
1059 like Iceweasel / Firefox change user interfaces so much, not because
1060 it might be needed or be functional but because people believe that
1061 changed user interfaces are better. This, can easily be pointed with
1062 the user interfaces changed with almost every MS-Windows and Mac OS
1063 releases.</p>
1064
1065 <p>The problems with Debian Edu for deployment are many. The biggest
1066 is the huge gap between what is taught in schools and what Debian Edu
1067 is aimed at.
1068
1069 <p>Me and my friends did teach on week-ends in a government school for
1070 around 2 years, and
1071 <a href="https://flossexperiences.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/sharings/">gathered
1072 some experience</a> there.  Some of the things we learnt/discovered
1073 there was :</p>
1074
1075 <ol>
1076
1077   <li>Most of the teachers are very territorial about their subjects
1078    and they do not want you to teach anything out of the
1079    portion/syllabus given.</li>
1080
1081   <li>They want any activity on the system in accordance to whatever
1082    is in the syllabus.</li>
1083
1084   <li>There are huge barriers both with the English language and at
1085    times with objects or whatever. An example, let's say in gcompris
1086    you have objects falling down and you have to name them and let's
1087    say the falling object is a hat or a fedora hat, this would not be
1088    as recognizable as say a
1089    <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi">Puneri
1090    Pagdi</a> so there is need to inject local objects, words wherever
1091    possible. Especially for word-games there are so many hindi words
1092    which have become part of english vocabulary (for instance in
1093    parley), those could be made into a hinglish collection or
1094    something but that is something for upstream to do.</li>
1095
1096 </ol>
1097 </div>
1098       <div class="tags">
1099
1100
1101         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju</a>.
1102
1103
1104       </div>
1105     </div>
1106     <div class="padding"></div>
1107
1108     <div class="entry">
1109       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/I_m_going_to_the_Open_Source_Developers__Conference_Nordic_2015_.html">I'm going to the Open Source Developers' Conference Nordic 2015!</a></div>
1110       <div class="date"> 7th April 2015</div>
1111       <div class="body"><p>I am happy to let you all know that I'm going to the <a
1112 href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/">Open Source Developers'
1113 Conference Nordic 2015</a>!</p>
1114
1115 <p>It take place Friday 8th to Sunday 10th of May in Oslo next to
1116 where I work, and I finally got around to submitting
1117 <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talk/6192">a talk proposal for
1118 it</a> (dead link for most people until the talk is accepted).  As
1119 part of my involvement with the
1120 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">Norwegian Unix User Group member
1121 association</a> I have been slightly involved in the planning of this
1122 conference for a while now, with a focus on organising a Civic Hacking
1123 Hackathon with our friends
1124 over at <a href="http://www.mysociety.org/">mySociety</a> and
1125 <a href="http://www.holderdeord.no/">Holder de ord</a>.  This part is
1126 named the 'My Society' track in the program.  There is still space for
1127 more talks and participants.  I hope to see you there.</p>
1128
1129 <p>Check out <a href="http://act.osdc.no/osdc2015no/talks">the talks
1130 submitted and accepted so far</a>.</p>
1131 </div>
1132       <div class="tags">
1133
1134
1135         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
1136
1137
1138       </div>
1139     </div>
1140     <div class="padding"></div>
1141
1142     <div class="entry">
1143       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Proof_reading_the_Norwegian_translation_of_Free_Culture_by_Lessig.html">Proof reading the Norwegian translation of Free Culture by Lessig</a></div>
1144       <div class="date"> 4th April 2015</div>
1145       <div class="body"><p>During eastern I had some time to continue working on the Norwegian
1146 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> version of the 2004 book
1147 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> by Lawrence Lessig.
1148 At the moment I am proof reading the finished text, looking for typos,
1149 inconsistent wordings and sentences that do not flow as they should.
1150 I'm more than two thirds done with the text, and welcome others to
1151 check the text up to chapter 13.  The current status is available on the
1152 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
1153 project pages.  You can also check out the
1154 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.pdf?raw=true">PDF</a>,
1155 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/blob/master/archive/freeculture.nb.epub?raw=true">EPUB</a>
1156 and HTML version available in the
1157 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig/tree/master/archive">archive
1158 directory</a>.</p>
1159
1160 <p>Please report typos, bugs and improvements to the github project if
1161 you find any.</p>
1162 </div>
1163       <div class="tags">
1164
1165
1166         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
1167
1168
1169       </div>
1170     </div>
1171     <div class="padding"></div>
1172
1173     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1174     <div id="sidebar">
1175
1176
1177
1178 <h2>Archive</h2>
1179 <ul>
1180
1181 <li>2015
1182 <ul>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1187
1188 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
1189
1190 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
1191
1192 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1193
1194 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1195
1196 </ul></li>
1197
1198 <li>2014
1199 <ul>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
1204
1205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
1206
1207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1208
1209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
1210
1211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1212
1213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
1214
1215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
1216
1217 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1218
1219 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
1220
1221 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1222
1223 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
1224
1225 </ul></li>
1226
1227 <li>2013
1228 <ul>
1229
1230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
1231
1232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
1233
1234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
1235
1236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
1237
1238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1239
1240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
1241
1242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1243
1244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1245
1246 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
1247
1248 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
1249
1250 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
1251
1252 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1253
1254 </ul></li>
1255
1256 <li>2012
1257 <ul>
1258
1259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1260
1261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1262
1263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1264
1265 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1266
1267 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1268
1269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1270
1271 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1272
1273 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1274
1275 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1276
1277 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1278
1279 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1280
1281 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1282
1283 </ul></li>
1284
1285 <li>2011
1286 <ul>
1287
1288 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1289
1290 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1291
1292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1293
1294 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1295
1296 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1297
1298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1299
1300 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1301
1302 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1303
1304 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1305
1306 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1307
1308 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1309
1310 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1311
1312 </ul></li>
1313
1314 <li>2010
1315 <ul>
1316
1317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1318
1319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1320
1321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1322
1323 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1324
1325 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1326
1327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1328
1329 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1330
1331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1332
1333 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1334
1335 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1336
1337 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1338
1339 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1340
1341 </ul></li>
1342
1343 <li>2009
1344 <ul>
1345
1346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1347
1348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1349
1350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1351
1352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1353
1354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1355
1356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1357
1358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1359
1360 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1361
1362 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1363
1364 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1365
1366 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1367
1368 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1369
1370 </ul></li>
1371
1372 <li>2008
1373 <ul>
1374
1375 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1376
1377 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1378
1379 </ul></li>
1380
1381 </ul>
1382
1383
1384
1385 <h2>Tags</h2>
1386 <ul>
1387
1388  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1389
1390  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1391
1392  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1393
1394  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1395
1396  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1397
1398  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1399
1400  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1401
1402  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1403
1404  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (109)</a></li>
1405
1406  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1407
1408  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1409
1410  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1411
1412  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
1413
1414  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1415
1416  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (279)</a></li>
1417
1418  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1419
1420  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1421
1422  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
1423
1424  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1425
1426  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (15)</a></li>
1427
1428  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (19)</a></li>
1429
1430  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1431
1432  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1433
1434  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1435
1436  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1437
1438  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1439
1440  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1441
1442  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1443
1444  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1445
1446  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (34)</a></li>
1447
1448  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (262)</a></li>
1449
1450  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
1451
1452  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (17)</a></li>
1453
1454  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1455
1456  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (52)</a></li>
1457
1458  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1459
1460  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1461
1462  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1463
1464  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1465
1466  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1467
1468  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1469
1470  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1471
1472  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1473
1474  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1475
1476  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1477
1478  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1479
1480  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1481
1482  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (47)</a></li>
1483
1484  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1485
1486  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1487
1488  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1489
1490  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1491
1492  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1493
1494  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1495
1496  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (52)</a></li>
1497
1498  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1499
1500  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (36)</a></li>
1501
1502 </ul>
1503
1504
1505     </div>
1506     <p style="text-align: right">
1507  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1508 </p>
1509
1510   </body>
1511 </html>