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   5   <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
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  13   <h1>
  14        <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16   </h1>
  17
  18  </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22  <div class="entry">
  23   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html">Lenny->Squeeze upgrades, removals by apt and aptitude</a></div>
  24   <div class="date">2010-06-13 09:05</div>
  25   <div class="body">
  26 <p>My
  27 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html">testing
  28 of Debian upgrades</a> from Lenny to Squeeze continues, and I've
  29 finally made the upgrade logs available from
  30 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/</a>.
  31 I am now testing dist-upgrade of Gnome and KDE in a chroot using both
  32 apt and aptitude, and found their differences interesting.  This time
  33 I focus on their removal plans.</p>
  34
  35 <p>After installing a Gnome desktop and the laptop task, apt-get wants
  36 to remove 72 packages when dist-upgrading from Lenny to Squeeze.  The
  37 surprising part is that it want to remove xorg and all
  38 xserver-xorg-video* drivers.  Clearly not a good choice, but I am not
  39 sure why.  When asking aptitude to do the same, it want to remove 129
  40 packages, but most of them are library packages I suspect are no
  41 longer needed.  Both of them want to remove bluetooth packages, which
  42 I do not know.  Perhaps these bluetooth packages are obsolete?</p>
  43
  44 <p>For KDE, apt-get want to remove 82 packages, among them kdebase
  45 which seem like a bad idea and xorg the same way as with Gnome. Asking
  46 aptitude for the same, it wants to remove 192 packages, none which are
  47 too surprising.</p>
  48
  49 <p>I guess the removal of xorg during upgrades should be investigated
  50 and avoided, and perhaps others as well.  Here are the complete list
  51 of removals.  The complete logs is available from the URL above.  Note
  52 if you want to repeat these tests, that the upgrade test for
  53 kde+apt-get hung in the tasksel setup because of dpkg asking conffile
  54 questions.  No idea why.  I worked around it by using '<tt>echo >>
  55 /proc/<em>pidofdpkg</em>/fd/0</tt>' to tell dpkg to continue.</p>
  56
  57 <p><b>apt-get gnome 72</b>
  58 <br>bluez-gnome cupsddk-drivers deskbar-applet gnome
  59   gnome-desktop-environment gnome-network-admin gtkhtml3.14
  60   iceweasel-gnome-support libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libgdl-1-0
  61   libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libmetacity0 libslab0 libxcb-xlib0
  62   nautilus-cd-burner python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras
  63   serpentine swfdec-mozilla update-manager xorg xserver-xorg
  64   xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  65   xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
  66   xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
  67   xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
  68   xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
  69   xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
  70   xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
  71   xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
  72   xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
  73   xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
  74   xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
  75   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
  76   xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
  77   xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
  78   xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
  79   xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
  80   xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
  81   xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
  82   xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
  83   xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
  84   xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
  85   xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9
  86   xulrunner-1.9-gnome-support</p>
  87
  88 <p><b>aptitude gnome 129</b>
  89
  90 <br>bluez-gnome bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers dhcdbd
  91   djvulibre-desktop finger gnome-app-install gnome-mount
  92   gnome-network-admin gnome-spell gnome-vfs-obexftp
  93   gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gtkhtml3.14 libao2
  94   libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-core5 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
  95   libcamel1.2-11 libcdio7 libcucul0 libcupsys2 libcurl3 libdatrie0
  96   libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdvdread3 libedataserver1.2-9 libeel2-2.20
  97   libeel2-data libepc-1.0-1 libepc-ui-1.0-1 libfaad0 libgail-common
  98   libgd2-noxpm libgda3-3 libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common
  99   libggz2 libggzcore9 libggzmod4 libgksu1.2-0 libgksuui1.0-1 libgmyth0
 100   libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libgnomeprint2.2-0
 101   libgnomeprint2.2-data libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgnomeprintui2.2-common
 102   libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod3 libgraphviz4 libgtkhtml2-0
 103   libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap6
 104   libhesiod0 libicu38 libiw29 libkpathsea4 libltdl3 libmagick++10
 105   libmagick10 libmalaga7 libmetacity0 libmtp7 libmysqlclient15off
 106   libnautilus-burn4 libneon27 libnm-glib0 libnm-util0 libopal-2.2
 107   libosp5 libparted1.8-10 libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler3 libpt-1.10.10
 108   libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libraw1394-8
 109   libsensors3 libslab0 libsmbios2 libsoup2.2-8 libssh2-1
 110   libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libswfdec-0.6-90 libtalloc1 libtotem-plparser10
 111   libtrackerclient0 libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0
 112   libxerces2-java libxerces2-java-gcj libxklavier12 libxtrap6
 113   libxxf86misc1 libzephyr3 mysql-common nautilus-cd-burner
 114   openoffice.org-writer2latex openssl-blacklist p7zip
 115   python-4suite-xml python-eggtrayicon python-gnome2-desktop
 116   python-gnome2-extras python-gtkhtml2 python-gtkmozembed
 117   python-numeric python-sexy serpentine svgalibg1 swfdec-gnome
 118   swfdec-mozilla totem-gstreamer update-manager wodim
 119   xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 120   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
 121   zip</p>
 122
 123 <p><b>apt-get kde 82</b>
 124
 125 <br>cupsddk-drivers karm kaudiocreator kcoloredit kcontrol kde kde-core
 126   kdeaddons kdeartwork kdebase kdebase-bin kdebase-bin-kde3
 127   kdebase-kio-plugins kdesktop kdeutils khelpcenter kicker
 128   kicker-applets knewsticker kolourpaint konq-plugins konqueror korn
 129   kpersonalizer kscreensaver ksplash libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libkiten1
 130   libxcb-xlib0 quanta superkaramba texlive-base-bin xorg xserver-xorg
 131   xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
 132   xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
 133   xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
 134   xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
 135   xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
 136   xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
 137   xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
 138   xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
 139   xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 140   xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
 141   xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
 142   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
 143   xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
 144   xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
 145   xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
 146   xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
 147   xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
 148   xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
 149   xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
 150   xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
 151   xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
 152   xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9</p>
 153
 154 <p><b>aptitude kde 192</b>
 155 <br>bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers cvs dcoprss dhcdbd
 156   djvulibre-desktop dosfstools eyesapplet fifteenapplet finger gettext
 157   ghostscript-x imlib-base imlib11 indi kandy karm kasteroids
 158   kaudiocreator kbackgammon kbstate kcoloredit kcontrol kcron kdat
 159   kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdeartwork-misc kdeartwork-theme-window
 160   kdebase-bin-kde3 kdebase-kio-plugins kdeedu-data
 161   kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelirc kdemultimedia-kappfinder-data
 162   kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdenetwork-kfile-plugins
 163   kdepim-kfile-plugins kdepim-kio-plugins kdeprint kdesktop kdessh
 164   kdict kdnssd kdvi kedit keduca kenolaba kfax kfaxview kfouleggs
 165   kghostview khelpcenter khexedit kiconedit kitchensync klatin
 166   klickety kmailcvt kmenuedit kmid kmilo kmoon kmrml kodo kolourpaint
 167   kooka korn kpager kpdf kpercentage kpf kpilot kpoker kpovmodeler
 168   krec kregexpeditor ksayit ksim ksirc ksirtet ksmiletris ksmserver
 169   ksnake ksokoban ksplash ksvg ksysv ktip ktnef kuickshow kverbos
 170   kview kviewshell kvoctrain kwifimanager kwin kwin4 kworldclock
 171   kxsldbg libakode2 libao2 libarts1-akode libarts1-audiofile
 172   libarts1-mpeglib libarts1-xine libavahi-compat-libdnssd1
 173   libavahi-core5 libavc1394-0 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
 174   libboost-python1.34.1 libcucul0 libcurl3 libcvsservice0 libdatrie0
 175   libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdjvulibre21 libdvdread3 libfaad0 libfreebob0
 176   libgail-common libgd2-noxpm libgraphviz4 libgsmme1c2a libgtkhtml2-0
 177   libicu38 libiec61883-0 libindex0 libiw29 libk3b3 libkcal2b libkcddb1
 178   libkdeedu3 libkdepim1a libkgantt0 libkiten1 libkleopatra1 libkmime2
 179   libkpathsea4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1
 180   libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libltdl3 libmagick10 libmimelib1c2a
 181   libmozjs1d libmpcdec3 libneon27 libnm-util0 libopensync0 libpisock9
 182   libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler-qt2 libpoppler3 libraw1394-8 libsmbios2
 183   libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libtalloc1 libtiff-tools
 184   libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0 libxerces2-java
 185   libxerces2-java-gcj libxtrap6 mpeglib networkstatus
 186   openoffice.org-writer2latex pmount poster psutils quanta quanta-data
 187   superkaramba svgalibg1 tex-common texlive-base texlive-base-bin
 188   texlive-common texlive-doc-base texlive-fonts-recommended
 189   xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 190   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
 191   xulrunner-1.9</p>
 192
 193 </div>
 194   <div class="tags">
 195
 196
 197
 198    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 199
 200   </div>
 201  </div>
 202  <div class="padding"></div>
 203
 204  <div class="entry">
 205   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html">Åpne trådløsnett er et samfunnsgode</a></div>
 206   <div class="date">2010-06-12 12:45</div>
 207   <div class="body">
 208 <p>Veldig glad for å oppdage via
 209 <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/story/10/06/11/1841256/Finland-To-Legalize-Use-of-Unsecured-Wi-Fi">Slashdot</a>
 210 at folk i Finland har forstått at åpne trådløsnett er et samfunnsgode.
 211 Jeg ser på åpne trådløsnett som et fellesgode på linje med retten til
 212 ferdsel i utmark og retten til å bevege seg i strandsonen.  Jeg har
 213 glede av åpne trådløsnett når jeg finner dem, og deler gladelig nett
 214 med andre så lenge de ikke forstyrrer min bruk av eget nett.
 215 Nettkapasiteten er sjelden en begrensning ved normal browsing og enkel
 216 SSH-innlogging (som er min vanligste nettbruk), og nett kan brukes til
 217 så mye positivt og nyttig (som nyhetslesing, sjekke været, kontakte
 218 slekt og venner, holde seg oppdatert om politiske saker, kontakte
 219 organisasjoner og politikere, etc), at det for meg er helt urimelig å
 220 blokkere dette for alle som ikke gjør en flue fortred.  De som mener
 221 at potensialet for misbruk er grunn nok til å hindre all den positive
 222 og lovlydige bruken av et åpent trådløsnett har jeg dermed ingen
 223 forståelse for.  En kan ikke eksistensen av forbrytere styre hvordan
 224 samfunnet skal organiseres.  Da får en et kontrollsamfunn de færreste
 225 ønsker å leve i, og det at vi har et samfunn i Norge der tilliten til
 226 hverandre er høy gjør at samfunnet fungerer ganske godt.  Det bør vi
 227 anstrenge oss for å beholde.</p>
 228 </div>
 229   <div class="tags">
 230
 231
 232
 233    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
 234
 235   </div>
 236  </div>
 237  <div class="padding"></div>
 238
 239  <div class="entry">
 240   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html">Automatic upgrade testing from Lenny to Squeeze</a></div>
 241   <div class="date">2010-06-11 22:50</div>
 242   <div class="body">
 243 <p>The last few days I have done some upgrade testing in Debian, to
 244 see if the upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze will go smoothly.  A few bugs
 245 have been discovered and reported in the process
 246 (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/585410">#585410</a> in nagios3-cgi,
 247 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/584879">#584879</a> already fixed in
 248 enscript and <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/584861">#584861</a> in
 249 kdebase-workspace-data), and to get a more regular testing going on, I
 250 am working on a script to automate the test.</p>
 251
 252 <p>The idea is to create a Lenny chroot and use tasksel to install a
 253 Gnome or KDE desktop installation inside the chroot before upgrading
 254 it.  To ensure no services are started in the chroot, a policy-rc.d
 255 script is inserted.  To make sure tasksel believe it is to install a
 256 desktop on a laptop, the tasksel tests are replaced in the chroot
 257 (only acceptable because this is a throw-away chroot).</p>
 258
 259 <p>A naive upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze using aptitude dist-upgrade
 260 currently always fail because udev refuses to upgrade with the kernel
 261 in Lenny, so to avoid that problem the file /etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
 262 is created.  The bug report
 263 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/566000">#566000</a> make me suspect
 264 this problem do not trigger in a chroot, but I touch the file anyway
 265 to make sure the upgrade go well.  Testing on virtual and real
 266 hardware have failed me because of udev so far, and creating this file
 267 do the trick in such settings anyway.  This is a
 268 <a href="http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/failed-dist-upgrade-due-to-udev-config_sysfs_deprecated-nonsense-804130/">known
 269 issue</a> and the current udev behaviour is intended by the udev
 270 maintainer because he lack the resources to rewrite udev to keep
 271 working with old kernels or something like that.  I really wish the
 272 udev upstream would keep udev backwards compatible, to avoid such
 273 upgrade problem, but given that they fail to do so, I guess
 274 documenting the way out of this mess is the best option we got for
 275 Debian Squeeze.</p>
 276
 277 <p>Anyway, back to the task at hand, testing upgrades.  This test
 278 script, which I call <tt>upgrade-test</tt> for now, is doing the
 279 trick:</p>
 280
 281 <blockquote><pre>
 282 #!/bin/sh
 283 set -ex
 284
 285 if [ "$1" ] ; then
 286     desktop=$1
 287 else
 288     desktop=gnome
 289 fi
 290
 291 from=lenny
 292 to=squeeze
 293
 294 exec &lt; /dev/null
 295 unset LANG
 296 mirror=http://ftp.skolelinux.org/debian
 297 tmpdir=chroot-$from-upgrade-$to-$desktop
 298 fuser -mv .
 299 debootstrap $from $tmpdir $mirror
 300 chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
 301 cat > $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d &lt;&lt;EOF
 302 #!/bin/sh
 303 exit 101
 304 EOF
 305 chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
 306 exit_cleanup() {
 307     umount $tmpdir/proc
 308 }
 309 mount -t proc proc $tmpdir/proc
 310 # Make sure proc is unmounted also on failure
 311 trap exit_cleanup EXIT INT
 312
 313 chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y install debconf-utils
 314
 315 # Make sure tasksel autoselection trigger.  It need the test scripts
 316 # to return the correct answers.
 317 echo tasksel tasksel/desktop multiselect $desktop | \
 318     chroot $tmpdir debconf-set-selections
 319
 320 # Include the desktop and laptop task
 321 for test in desktop laptop ; do
 322     echo > $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test &lt;&lt;EOF
 323 #!/bin/sh
 324 exit 2
 325 EOF
 326     chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test
 327 done
 328
 329 DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 330 DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical
 331 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND DEBIAN_PRIORITY
 332 chroot $tmpdir tasksel --new-install
 333
 334 echo deb $mirror $to main > $tmpdir/etc/apt/sources.list
 335 chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
 336 touch $tmpdir/etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
 337 chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y dist-upgrade
 338 fuser -mv
 339 </pre></blockquote>
 340
 341 <p>I suspect it would be useful to test upgrades with both apt-get and
 342 with aptitude, but I have not had time to look at how they behave
 343 differently so far.  I hope to get a cron job running to do the test
 344 regularly and post the result on the web.  The Gnome upgrade currently
 345 work, while the KDE upgrade fail because of the bug in
 346 kdebase-workspace-data</p>
 347
 348 <p>I am not quite sure what kind of extract from the huge upgrade logs
 349 (KDE 167 KiB, Gnome 516 KiB) it make sense to include in this blog
 350 post, so I will refrain from trying.  I can report that for Gnome,
 351 aptitude report 760 packages upgraded, 448 newly installed, 129 to
 352 remove and 1 not upgraded and 1024MB need to be downloaded while for
 353 KDE the same numbers are 702 packages upgraded, 507 newly installed,
 354 193 to remove and 0 not upgraded and 1117MB need to be downloaded</p>
 355
 356 <p>I am very happy to notice that the Gnome desktop + laptop upgrade
 357 is able to migrate to dependency based boot sequencing and parallel
 358 booting without a hitch.  Was unsure if there were still bugs with
 359 packages failing to clean up their obsolete init.d script during
 360 upgrades, and no such problem seem to affect the Gnome desktop+laptop
 361 packages.</p>
 362 </div>
 363   <div class="tags">
 364
 365
 366
 367    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 368
 369   </div>
 370  </div>
 371  <div class="padding"></div>
 372
 373  <div class="entry">
 374   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html">Skolelinux er laget for sentraldrifting, naturligvis</a></div>
 375   <div class="date">2010-06-09 12:30</div>
 376   <div class="body">
 377 <p>Det er merkelig hvordan myter om Skolelinux overlever.  En slik
 378 myte er at Skolelinux ikke kan sentraldriftes og ha sentralt plasserte
 379 tjenermaskiner.  I siste Computerworld Norge er
 380 <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article169432.ece">IT-sjef
 381 Viggo Billdal i Steinkjer intervjuet</a>, og forteller uten
 382 blygsel:</p>
 383
 384 <blockquote><p>Vi hadde Skolelinux, men det har vi sluttet med. Vi testet
 385 om det lønte seg med Microsoft eller en åpen plattform. Vi fant ut at
 386 Microsoft egentlig var totalt sett bedre egnet. Det var store
 387 driftskostnader med Skolelinux, blant annet på grunn av
 388 desentraliserte servere. Det var komplisert, så vi gikk vekk fra det
 389 og bruker nå bare Windows.</p></blockquote>
 390
 391 <p>En <a
 392 href="https://init.linpro.no/pipermail/skolelinux.no/bruker/2010-June/009101.html">rask
 393 sjekk</a> mot den norske brukerlista i Skolelinuxprosjektet forteller
 394 at Steinkjers forsøk foregikk fram til 2004/2005, og at Røysing skole
 395 i Steinkjer skal ha vært svært fornøyd med Skolelinux men at kommunen
 396 overkjørte skolen og krevde at de gikk over til Windows.  Et søk på
 397 nettet sendte meg til
 398 <a href="http://www.dn.no/multimedia/archive/00090/Dagens_it_nr__18_90826a.pdf">Dagens
 399 IT nr. 18 2005</a> hvor en kan lese på side 18:</p>
 400
 401 <blockquote><p>Inge Tømmerås ved Røysing skole i Steinkjer kjører ennå
 402 Microsoft, men forteller at kompetanseutfordringen med Skolelinux ikke
 403 var så stor.   Jeg syntes Skolelinux var utrolig lett å drifte uten
 404 forkunnskaper. Men man må jo selvsagt ha tilgang på ekstern kompetanse
 405 til installasjoner og maskinvarefeil, sier Tømmerås.</p></blockquote>
 406
 407 <p>Som systemarkitekten bak Skolelinux, kan jeg bare riste på hodet
 408 over påstanden om at Skolelinux krever desentraliserte tjenere.
 409 Skolelinux-arkitekturen er laget for sentralisert drift og plassering
 410 av tjenerne lokalt eller sentralt alt etter behov og nettkapasitet.
 411 Den er modellert på nettverks- og tjenerløsningen som brukes på
 412 Universitetet i Tromsø og Oslo, der jeg jobber med utvikling av
 413 driftstjenester.  Dette er det heldigvis noen som har fått med seg, og
 414 jeg er glad for å kunne sitere fra en kommentar på den overnevnte
 415 artikkelen.  Min venn og gamle kollega Sturle Sunde forteller der:
 416
 417 <blockquote>
 418 <p>I Flora kommune køyrer vi Skulelinux på skular med alt frå 15 til
 419 meir enn 500 elevar. Dei store skulane har eigen tenar, for det er
 420 mest praktisk. Eg, som er driftsansvarleg for heile nettet, ser
 421 sjeldan dei tenarane fysisk, men at dei står der gjer skulane mindre
 422 avhengige av eksterne linjer som er trege eller dyre. Dei minste
 423 skulane har ikkje eigen tenar. Å bruke sentral tenar er heller ikkje
 424 noko problem. Småskulane klarar seg fint med 1 mbit-linje til ein
 425 sentral tenar eller tenaren på ein større skule.</p>
 426
 427 <p>Det beste med Skulelinux er halvtjukke klientar. Dei treng ikkje
 428 harddisk og brukar minimalt med ressursar på tenaren fordi dei køyrer
 429 programma lokalt. Eit klasserom med 30 sju-åtte år gamle maskiner har
 430 mykje meir CPU og RAM totalt enn nokon moderne tenar til under
 431 millionen. Det trengst to kommandoar på den sentrale tenaren for å
 432 oppdatere alle klientane, både tynne og halvtjukke. Vi har ingen
 433 problem med diskar som ryk heller, som var eit problem før fordi
 434 elevane sat og sparka i maskinene. Og dei krev lite bandbreidde i
 435 nettet, so det er fullt mogleg å køyre slike på småskular med trege
 436 linjer mot tenaren på ein større skule.</p>
 437
 438 <p>Flora kommune har nesten 800 Linux-maskiner i sitt skulenett, og
 439 ein person som tek seg av drift av heile nettet, inkludert tenarar,
 440 klientar, operativsystem, programvare, heimekontorløysing og
 441 administrasjon av brukarar.</p>
 442
 443 <p>No skal det seiast at vi ikkje køyrer rein Skulelinux ut av
 444 boksen. Vi har gjort ein del tilpassingar mot noko Novell-greier som
 445 var der frå før, og som har komplisert installasjonen vår. Etter at
 446 oppsettet var gjort har løysinga vore stabil og kravd minimalt med
 447 arbeid.</p>
 448 </blockquote>
 449
 450 <p>Jeg vet at Narvik, Harstad og Oslo er kommuner der Skolelinux
 451 sentraldriftes med sentrale tjenere.  Det forteller meg at Steinkjers
 452 IT-sjef neppe bør skylde på Skolelinux-løsningen for sine 5 år gamle
 453 minner.</p>
 454 </div>
 455   <div class="tags">
 456
 457
 458
 459    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
 460
 461   </div>
 462  </div>
 463  <div class="padding"></div>
 464
 465  <div class="entry">
 466   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Upstart_or_sysvinit___as_init_d_scripts_see_it.html">Upstart or sysvinit - as init.d scripts see it</a></div>
 467   <div class="date">2010-06-06 23:55</div>
 468   <div class="body">
 469 <p>If Debian is to migrate to upstart on Linux, I expect some init.d
 470 scripts to migrate (some of) their operations to upstart job while
 471 keeping the init.d for hurd and kfreebsd.  The packages with such
 472 needs will need a way to get their init.d scripts to behave
 473 differently when used with sysvinit and with upstart.  Because of
 474 this, I had a look at the environment variables set when a init.d
 475 script is running under upstart, and when it is not.</p>
 476
 477 <p>With upstart, I notice these environment variables are set when a
 478 script is started from rcS.d/ (ignoring some irrelevant ones like
 479 COLUMNS):</p>
 480
 481 <blockquote><pre>
 482 DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL=2
 483 previous=N
 484 PREVLEVEL=
 485 RUNLEVEL=
 486 runlevel=S
 487 UPSTART_EVENTS=startup
 488 UPSTART_INSTANCE=
 489 UPSTART_JOB=rc-sysinit
 490 </pre></blockquote>
 491
 492 <p>With sysvinit, these environment variables are set for the same
 493 script.</p>
 494
 495 <blockquote><pre>
 496 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.88
 497 previous=N
 498 PREVLEVEL=N
 499 RUNLEVEL=S
 500 runlevel=S
 501 </pre></blockquote>
 502
 503 <p>The RUNLEVEL and PREVLEVEL environment variables passed on from
 504 sysvinit are not set by upstart.  Not sure if it is intentional or not
 505 to not be compatible with sysvinit in this regard.</p>
 506
 507 <p>For scripts needing to behave differently when upstart is used,
 508 looking for the UPSTART_JOB environment variable seem to be a good
 509 choice.</p>
 510 </div>
 511   <div class="tags">
 512
 513
 514
 515    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 516
 517   </div>
 518  </div>
 519  <div class="padding"></div>
 520
 521  <div class="entry">
 522   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html">A manual for standards wars...</a></div>
 523   <div class="date">2010-06-06 14:15</div>
 524   <div class="body">
 525 <p>Via the
 526 <a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/robweir/antic-atom/~3/QzU4RgoAGMg/weekly-links-10.html">blog
 527 of Rob Weir</a> I came across the very interesting essay named
 528 <a href="http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/wars.pdf">The Art of
 529 Standards Wars</a> (PDF 25 pages).  I recommend it for everyone
 530 following the standards wars of today.</p>
 531 </div>
 532   <div class="tags">
 533
 534
 535
 536    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>.
 537
 538   </div>
 539  </div>
 540  <div class="padding"></div>
 541
 542  <div class="entry">
 543   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_computer_hardware_models_used_at_site.html">Sitesummary tip: Listing computer hardware models used at site</a></div>
 544   <div class="date">2010-06-03 12:05</div>
 545   <div class="body">
 546 <p>When using sitesummary at a site to track machines, it is possible
 547 to get a list of the machine types in use thanks to the DMI
 548 information extracted from each machine.  The script to do so is
 549 included in the sitesummary package, and here is example output from
 550 the Skolelinux build servers:</p>
 551
 552 <blockquote><pre>
 553 maintainer:~# /usr/lib/sitesummary/hardware-model-summary
 554   vendor                    count
 555   Dell Computer Corporation     1
 556     PowerEdge 1750              1
 557   IBM                           1
 558     eserver xSeries 345 -[8670M1X]-     1
 559   Intel                         2
 560   [no-dmi-info]                 3
 561 maintainer:~#
 562 </pre></blockquote>
 563
 564 <p>The quality of the report depend on the quality of the DMI tables
 565 provided in each machine.  Here there are Intel machines without model
 566 information listed with Intel as vendor and mo model, and virtual Xen
 567 machines listed as [no-dmi-info].  One can add -l as a command line
 568 option to list the individual machines.</p>
 569
 570 <p>A larger list is
 571 <a href="http://narvikskolen.no/sitesummary/">available from the the
 572 city of Narvik</a>, which uses Skolelinux on all their shools and also
 573 provide the basic sitesummary report publicly.  In their report there
 574 are ~1400 machines. I know they use both Ubuntu and Skolelinux on
 575 their machines, and as sitesummary is available in both distributions,
 576 it is trivial to get all of them to report to the same central
 577 collector.</p>
 578 </div>
 579   <div class="tags">
 580
 581
 582
 583    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary</a>.
 584
 585   </div>
 586  </div>
 587  <div class="padding"></div>
 588
 589  <div class="entry">
 590   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Togsatsing_p___norsk__mot_sykkel.html">Togsatsing på norsk, mot sykkel</a></div>
 591   <div class="date">2010-06-02 23:45</div>
 592   <div class="body">
 593 <p>Det står dårlig til med toget når en finner på å la det
 594 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article3677060.ece">kappkjøre
 595 med sykkel</a>...  Jeg tror det trengs strukturendringer for å få
 596 fikset på togproblemene i Norge.</p>
 597
 598 <p>Mon tro hva toglinje mellom Narvik og Tromsø ville hatt slags
 599 effekt på området der?</p>
 600 </div>
 601   <div class="tags">
 602
 603
 604
 605    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>.
 606
 607   </div>
 608  </div>
 609  <div class="padding"></div>
 610
 611  <div class="entry">
 612   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/KDM_fail_at_boot_with_NVidia_cards___and_no_one_try_to_fix_it_.html">KDM fail at boot with NVidia cards - and no one try to fix it?</a></div>
 613   <div class="date">2010-06-01 17:05</div>
 614   <div class="body">
 615 <p>It is strange to watch how a bug in Debian causing KDM to fail to
 616 start at boot when an NVidia video card is used is handled.  The
 617 problem seem to be that the nvidia X.org driver uses a long time to
 618 initialize, and this duration is longer than kdm is configured to
 619 wait.</p>
 620
 621 <p>I came across two bugs related to this issue,
 622 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/583312">#583312</a> initially filed
 623 against initscripts and passed on to nvidia-glx when it became obvious
 624 that the nvidia drivers were involved, and
 625 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/524751">#524751</a> initially filed against
 626 kdm and passed on to src:nvidia-graphics-drivers for unknown reasons.</p>
 627
 628 <p>To me, it seem that no-one is interested in actually solving the
 629 problem nvidia video card owners experience and make sure the Debian
 630 distribution work out of the box for these users.  The nvidia driver
 631 maintainers expect kdm to be set up to wait longer, while kdm expect
 632 the nvidia driver maintainers to fix the driver to start faster, and
 633 while they wait for each other I guess the users end up switching to a
 634 distribution that work for them.  I have no idea what the solution is,
 635 but I am pretty sure that waiting for each other is not it.</p>
 636
 637 <p>I wonder why we end up handling bugs this way.</p>
 638 </div>
 639   <div class="tags">
 640
 641
 642
 643    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 644
 645   </div>
 646  </div>
 647  <div class="padding"></div>
 648
 649  <div class="entry">
 650   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_seem_to_hold_up_well_in_Debian_testing.html">Parallellized boot seem to hold up well in Debian/testing</a></div>
 651   <div class="date">2010-05-27 23:55</div>
 652   <div class="body">
 653 <p>A few days ago, parallel booting was enabled in Debian/testing.
 654 The feature seem to hold up pretty well, but three fairly serious
 655 issues are known and should be solved:
 656
 657 <p><ul>
 658
 659 <li>The wicd package seen to
 660 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/508289">break NFS mounting</a> and
 661 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/581586">network setup</a> when
 662 parallel booting is enabled.  No idea why, but the wicd maintainer
 663 seem to be on the case.</li>
 664
 665 <li>The nvidia X driver seem to
 666 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/583312">have a race condition</a>
 667 triggered more easily when parallel booting is in effect.  The
 668 maintainer is on the case.</li>
 669
 670 <li>The sysv-rc package fail to properly enable dependency based boot
 671 sequencing (the shutdown is broken) when old file-rc users
 672 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/575080">try to switch back</a> to
 673 sysv-rc.  One way to solve it would be for file-rc to create
 674 /etc/init.d/.legacy-bootordering, and another is to try to make
 675 sysv-rc more robust.  Will investigate some more and probably upload a
 676 workaround in sysv-rc to help those trying to move from file-rc to
 677 sysv-rc get a working shutdown.</li>
 678
 679 </ul></p>
 680
 681 <p>All in all not many surprising issues, and all of them seem
 682 solvable before Squeeze is released.  In addition to these there are
 683 some packages with bugs in their dependencies and run level settings,
 684 which I expect will be fixed in a reasonable time span.</p>
 685
 686 <p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
 687 the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
 688 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
 689 list of usertagged bugs related to this</a>.</p>
 690
 691 <p>Update: Correct bug number to file-rc issue.</p>
 692 </div>
 693   <div class="tags">
 694
 695
 696
 697    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 698
 699   </div>
 700  </div>
 701  <div class="padding"></div>
 702
 703  <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14"></a></p>
 704
 705 <div id="sidebar">
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711 <h2>Archive</h2>
 712 <ul>
 713
 714 <li>2010
 715 <ul>
 716
 717 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 718
 719 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 720
 721 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 722
 723 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 724
 725 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 726
 727 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (9)</a></li>
 728
 729 </ul></li>
 730
 731 <li>2009
 732 <ul>
 733
 734 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 735
 736 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 737
 738 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 739
 740 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 743
 744 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 753
 754 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 755
 756 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 757
 758 </ul></li>
 759
 760 <li>2008
 761 <ul>
 762
 763 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 766
 767 </ul></li>
 768
 769 </ul>
 770
 771
 772
 773 <h2>Tags</h2>
 774 <ul>
 775
 776  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (11)</a></li>
 777
 778  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 779
 780  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 781
 782  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (10)</a></li>
 783
 784  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (26)</a></li>
 785
 786  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (26)</a></li>
 787
 788  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (37)</a></li>
 789
 790  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (1)</a></li>
 791
 792  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (7)</a></li>
 793
 794  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (2)</a></li>
 795
 796  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (1)</a></li>
 797
 798  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 799
 800  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (5)</a></li>
 801
 802  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (68)</a></li>
 803
 804  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (76)</a></li>
 805
 806  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (13)</a></li>
 807
 808  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (12)</a></li>
 809
 810  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (10)</a></li>
 811
 812  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 813
 814  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (9)</a></li>
 815
 816  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (3)</a></li>
 817
 818  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (12)</a></li>
 819
 820  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (1)</a></li>
 821
 822  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (10)</a></li>
 823
 824  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (1)</a></li>
 825
 826  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (6)</a></li>
 827
 828 </ul>
 829
 830 </div>
 831
 832 <p style="text-align: right">
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 834 </p>
 835 </body>
 836 </html>