blog/Isenkram__Appstream_and_udev_make_life_as_a_LEGO_builder_easier.html

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   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: Isenkram, Appstream and udev make life as a LEGO builder easier</title>
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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title">Isenkram, Appstream and udev make life as a LEGO builder easier</div>
  24       <div class="date"> 7th October 2016</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p><a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/isenkram">The Isenkram
  26 system</a> provide a practical and easy way to figure out which
  27 packages support the hardware in a given machine.  The command line
  28 tool <tt>isenkram-lookup</tt> and the tasksel options provide a
  29 convenient way to list and install packages relevant for the current
  30 hardware during system installation, both user space packages and
  31 firmware packages. The GUI background daemon on the other hand provide
  32 a pop-up proposing to install packages when a new dongle is inserted
  33 while using the computer.  For example, if you plug in a smart card
  34 reader, the system will ask if you want to install <tt>pcscd</tt> if
  35 that package isn't already installed, and if you plug in a USB video
  36 camera the system will ask if you want to install <tt>cheese</tt> if
  37 cheese is currently missing.  This already work just fine.</p>
  38
  39 <p>But Isenkram depend on a database mapping from hardware IDs to
  40 package names.  When I started no such database existed in Debian, so
  41 I made my own data set and included it with the isenkram package and
  42 made isenkram fetch the latest version of this database from git using
  43 http.  This way the isenkram users would get updated package proposals
  44 as soon as I learned more about hardware related packages.</p>
  45
  46 <p>The hardware is identified using modalias strings.  The modalias
  47 design is from the Linux kernel where most hardware descriptors are
  48 made available as a strings that can be matched using filename style
  49 globbing.  It handle USB, PCI, DMI and a lot of other hardware related
  50 identifiers.</p>
  51
  52 <p>The downside to the Isenkram specific database is that there is no
  53 information about relevant distribution / Debian version, making
  54 isenkram propose obsolete packages too.  But along came AppStream, a
  55 cross distribution mechanism to store and collect metadata about
  56 software packages.  When I heard about the proposal, I contacted the
  57 people involved and suggested to add a hardware matching rule using
  58 modalias strings in the specification, to be able to use AppStream for
  59 mapping hardware to packages.  This idea was accepted and AppStream is
  60 now a great way for a package to announce the hardware it support in a
  61 distribution neutral way.  I wrote
  62 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_appstream_with_isenkram_to_install_hardware_related_packages_in_Debian.html">a
  63 recipe on how to add such meta-information</a> in a blog post last
  64 December.  If you have a hardware related package in Debian, please
  65 announce the relevant hardware IDs using AppStream.</p>
  66
  67 <p>In Debian, almost all packages that can talk to a LEGO Mindestorms
  68 RCX or NXT unit, announce this support using AppStream.  The effect is
  69 that when you insert such LEGO robot controller into your Debian
  70 machine, Isenkram will propose to install the packages needed to get
  71 it working.  The intention is that this should allow the local user to
  72 start programming his robot controller right away without having to
  73 guess what packages to use or which permissions to fix.</p>
  74
  75 <p>But when I sat down with my son the other day to program our NXT
  76 unit using his Debian Stretch computer, I discovered something
  77 annoying.  The local console user (ie my son) did not get access to
  78 the USB device for programming the unit.  This used to work, but no
  79 longer in Jessie and Stretch.  After some investigation and asking
  80 around on #debian-devel, I discovered that this was because udev had
  81 changed the mechanism used to grant access to local devices.  The
  82 ConsoleKit mechanism from <tt>/lib/udev/rules.d/70-udev-acl.rules</tt>
  83 no longer applied, because LDAP users no longer was added to the
  84 plugdev group during login.  Michael Biebl told me that this method
  85 was obsolete and the new method used ACLs instead.  This was good
  86 news, as the plugdev mechanism is a mess when using a remote user
  87 directory like LDAP.  Using ACLs would make sure a user lost device
  88 access when she logged out, even if the user left behind a background
  89 process which would retain the plugdev membership with the ConsoleKit
  90 setup.  Armed with this knowledge I moved on to fix the access problem
  91 for the LEGO Mindstorms related packages.</p>
  92
  93 <p>The new system uses a udev tag, 'uaccess'.  It can either be
  94 applied directly for a device, or is applied in
  95 /lib/udev/rules.d/70-uaccess.rules for classes of devices.  As the
  96 LEGO Mindstorms udev rules did not have a class, I decided to add the
  97 tag directly in the udev rules files included in the packages.  Here
  98 is one example.  For the nqc C compiler for the RCX, the
  99 <tt>/lib/udev/rules.d/60-nqc.rules</tt> file now look like this:
 100
 101 <p><pre>
 102 SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ACTION=="add", ATTR{idVendor}=="0694", ATTR{idProduct}=="0001", \
 103     SYMLINK+="rcx-%k", TAG+="uaccess"
 104 </pre></p>
 105
 106 <p>The key part is the 'TAG+="uaccess"' at the end.  I suspect all
 107 packages using plugdev in their /lib/udev/rules.d/ files should be
 108 changed to use this tag (either directly or indirectly via
 109 <tt>70-uaccess.rules</tt>).  Perhaps a lintian check should be created
 110 to detect this?</p>
 111
 112 <p>I've been unable to find good documentation on the uaccess feature.
 113 It is unclear to me if the uaccess tag is an internal implementation
 114 detail like the udev-acl tag used by
 115 <tt>/lib/udev/rules.d/70-udev-acl.rules</tt>.  If it is, I guess the
 116 indirect method is the preferred way.  Michael
 117 <a href="https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/4288">asked for more
 118 documentation from the systemd project</a> and I hope it will make
 119 this clearer.  For now I use the generic classes when they exist and
 120 is already handled by <tt>70-uaccess.rules</tt>, and add the tag
 121 directly if no such class exist.</p>
 122
 123 <p>To learn more about the isenkram system, please check out
 124 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram/">my
 125 blog posts tagged isenkram</a>.</p>
 126
 127 <p>To help out making life for LEGO constructors in Debian easier,
 128 please join us on our IRC channel
 129 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> and join
 130 the <a href="https://alioth.debian.org/projects/debian-lego/">Debian
 131 LEGO team</a> in the Alioth project we created yesterday.  A mailing
 132 list is not yet created, but we are working on it. :)</p>
 133
 134 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 135 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 136 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b&label=PetterReinholdtsenBlog">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 137 </div>
 138
 139       <div class="tags">Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.</div>
 140
 141
 142     </div>
 143
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 147     <div id="sidebar">
 148
 149
 150
 151 <h2>Archive</h2>
 152 <ul>
 153
 154 <li>2017
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 158
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 160
 161 <li>2016
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 164 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 165
 166 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
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 183
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 187
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 189
 190 <li>2015
 191 <ul>
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 193 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 194
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 200
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 204
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 210
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 212
 213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 214
 215 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 216
 217 </ul></li>
 218
 219 <li>2014
 220 <ul>
 221
 222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 223
 224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 225
 226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 227
 228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 229
 230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 231
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 233
 234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 235
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 237
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 239
 240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 241
 242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 243
 244 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 245
 246 </ul></li>
 247
 248 <li>2013
 249 <ul>
 250
 251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 254
 255 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 260
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 262
 263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 264
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 266
 267 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 272
 273 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 274
 275 </ul></li>
 276
 277 <li>2012
 278 <ul>
 279
 280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 281
 282 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 283
 284 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 285
 286 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 287
 288 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 289
 290 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 291
 292 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 293
 294 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 295
 296 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 297
 298 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 299
 300 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 301
 302 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 303
 304 </ul></li>
 305
 306 <li>2011
 307 <ul>
 308
 309 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 310
 311 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 312
 313 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 314
 315 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 316
 317 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 318
 319 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 320
 321 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 322
 323 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 324
 325 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 326
 327 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 328
 329 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 330
 331 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 332
 333 </ul></li>
 334
 335 <li>2010
 336 <ul>
 337
 338 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 339
 340 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 341
 342 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 343
 344 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 345
 346 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 347
 348 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 349
 350 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 351
 352 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 353
 354 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 355
 356 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 357
 358 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 359
 360 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 361
 362 </ul></li>
 363
 364 <li>2009
 365 <ul>
 366
 367 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 368
 369 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 370
 371 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 372
 373 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 374
 375 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 376
 377 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 378
 379 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 380
 381 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 382
 383 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 384
 385 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 386
 387 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 388
 389 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 390
 391 </ul></li>
 392
 393 <li>2008
 394 <ul>
 395
 396 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 397
 398 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 399
 400 </ul></li>
 401
 402 </ul>
 403
 404
 405
 406 <h2>Tags</h2>
 407 <ul>
 408
 409  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
 410
 411  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 412
 413  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 414
 415  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 416
 417  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (9)</a></li>
 418
 419  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (16)</a></li>
 420
 421  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 422
 423  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 424
 425  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (144)</a></li>
 426
 427  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
 428
 429  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 430
 431  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (16)</a></li>
 432
 433  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (23)</a></li>
 434
 435  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 436
 437  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (337)</a></li>
 438
 439  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 440
 441  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
 442
 443  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (29)</a></li>
 444
 445  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 446
 447  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (18)</a></li>
 448
 449  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 450
 451  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
 452
 453  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (15)</a></li>
 454
 455  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
 456
 457  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 458
 459  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 460
 461  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 462
 463  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 464
 465  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 466
 467  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (39)</a></li>
 468
 469  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (9)</a></li>
 470
 471  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (285)</a></li>
 472
 473  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (182)</a></li>
 474
 475  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (26)</a></li>
 476
 477  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 478
 479  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (62)</a></li>
 480
 481  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (96)</a></li>
 482
 483  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
 484
 485  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 486
 487  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 488
 489  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 490
 491  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (10)</a></li>
 492
 493  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 494
 495  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (5)</a></li>
 496
 497  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 498
 499  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (52)</a></li>
 500
 501  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 502
 503  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 504
 505  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (50)</a></li>
 506
 507  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (5)</a></li>
 508
 509  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (10)</a></li>
 510
 511  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (44)</a></li>
 512
 513  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
 514
 515  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 516
 517  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
 518
 519  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (59)</a></li>
 520
 521  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 522
 523  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (38)</a></li>
 524
 525 </ul>
 526
 527
 528     </div>
 529     <p style="text-align: right">
 530  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 531 </p>
 532
 533   </body>
 534 </html>