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14 <a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen
</a>
23 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Pieces_of_the_roaming_laptop_puzzle_in_Debian.html">Pieces of the roaming laptop puzzle in Debian
</a></div>
24 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
19 19:
00</div>
26 <p>Today, the last piece of the puzzle for roaming laptops in Debian
27 Edu finally entered the Debian archive. Today, the new
28 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-mklocaluser.html">libpam-mklocaluser
</a>
29 package was accepted. Two days ago, two other pieces was accepted
31 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/p/pam-python.html">pam-python
</a>
32 package needed by libpam-mklocaluser, and the
33 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/s/sssd.html">sssd
</a> package
34 passed NEW on Monday. In addition, the
35 <a href=
"http://packages.qa.debian.org/libp/libpam-ccreds.html">libpam-ccreds
</a>
36 package we need is in experimental (version
10-
4) since Saturday, and
37 hopefully will be moved to unstable soon.
</p>
39 <p>This collection of packages allow for two different setups for
40 roaming laptops. The traditional setup would be using libpam-ccreds,
41 nscd and libpam-mklocaluser with LDAP or Kerberos authentication,
42 which should work out of the box if the configuration changes proposed
43 for nscd in
<a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/485282">BTS report
44 #
485282</a> is implemented. The alternative setup is to use sssd with
45 libpam-mklocaluser to connect to LDAP or Kerberos and let sssd take
46 care of the caching of passwords and group information.
</p>
48 <p>I have so far been unable to get sssd to work with the LDAP server
49 at the University, but suspect the issue is some SSL/GnuTLS related
50 problem with the server certificate. I plan to update the Debian
51 package to version
1.2, which is scheduled for next week, and hope to
52 find time to make sure the next release will include both the
53 Debian/Ubuntu specific patches. Upstream is friendly and responsive,
54 and I am sure we will find a good solution.
</p>
56 <p>The idea is to set up the roaming laptops to authenticate using
57 LDAP or Kerberos and create a local user with home directory in /home/
58 when a usre in LDAP logs in via KDM or GDM for the first time, and
59 cache the password for offline checking, as well as caching group
60 memberhips and other relevant LDAP information. The
61 libpam-mklocaluser package was created to make sure the local home
62 directory is in /home/, instead of /site/server/directory/ which would
63 be the home directory if pam_mkhomedir was used. To avoid confusion
64 with support requests and configuration, we do not want local laptops
65 to have users in a path that is used for the same users home directory
66 on the home directory servers.
</p>
68 <p>One annoying problem with gdm is that it do not show the PAM
69 message passed to the user from libpam-mklocaluser when the local user
70 is created. Instead gdm simply reject the login with some generic
71 message. The message is shown in kdm, ssh and login, so I guess it is
72 a bug in gdm. Have not investigated if there is some other message
73 type that can be used instead to get gdm to also show the message.
</p>
75 <p>If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
76 please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.
</p>
82 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>.
86 <div class=
"padding"></div>
89 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellized_boot_is_now_the_default_in_Debian_unstable.html">Parallellized boot is now the default in Debian/unstable
</a></div>
90 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
14 22:
40</div>
92 <p>Since this evening, parallel booting is the default in
93 Debian/unstable for machines using dependency based boot sequencing.
94 Apparently the testing of concurrent booting has been wider than
95 expected, if I am to believe the
96 <a href=
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
97 on debian-devel@
</a>, and I concluded a few days ago to move forward
98 with the feature this weekend, to give us some time to detect any
99 remaining problems before Squeeze is frozen. If serious problems are
100 detected, it is simple to change the default back to sequential boot.
101 The upload of the new sysvinit package also activate a new upstream
104 More information about
105 <a href=
"http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
106 based boot sequencing
</a> is available from the Debian wiki. It is
107 currently possible to disable parallel booting when one run into
108 problems caused by it, by adding this line to /etc/default/rcS:
</p>
114 <p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
115 the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
116 <a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
117 list of usertagged bugs related to this
</a>.
</p>
123 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>.
127 <div class=
"padding"></div>
130 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Sitesummary_tip__Listing_MAC_address_of_all_clients.html">Sitesummary tip: Listing MAC address of all clients
</a></div>
131 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
14 21:
10</div>
133 <p>In the recent Debian Edu versions, the
134 <a href=
"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary">sitesummary
135 system
</a> is used to keep track of the machines in the school
136 network. Each machine will automatically report its status to the
137 central server after boot and once per night. The network setup is
138 also reported, and using this information it is possible to get the
139 MAC address of all network interfaces in the machines. This is useful
140 to update the DHCP configuration.
</p>
142 <p>To give some idea how to use sitesummary, here is a one-liner to
143 ist all MAC addresses of all machines reporting to sitesummary. Run
144 this on the collector host:
</p>
147 perl -MSiteSummary -e 'for_all_hosts(sub { print join(" ", get_macaddresses(shift)), "\n"; });'
150 <p>This will list all MAC addresses assosiated with all machine, one
151 line per machine and with space between the MAC addresses.
</p>
153 <p>To allow system administrators easier job at adding static DHCP
154 addresses for hosts, it would be possible to extend this to fetch
155 machine information from sitesummary and update the DHCP and DNS
156 tables in LDAP using this information. Such tool is unfortunately not
163 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary
</a>.
167 <div class=
"padding"></div>
170 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/systemd__an_interesting_alternative_to_upstart.html">systemd, an interesting alternative to upstart
</a></div>
171 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
13 22:
20</div>
173 <p>The last few days a new boot system called
174 <a href=
"http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd">systemd
</a>
176 <a href=
"http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html">introduced
</a>
178 to the free software world. I have not yet had time to play around
179 with it, but it seem to be a very interesting alternative to
180 <a href=
"http://upstart.ubuntu.com/">upstart
</a>, and might prove to be
181 a good alternative for Debian when we are able to switch to an event
182 based boot system. Tollef is
183 <a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/580814">in the process
</a> of getting
184 systemd into Debian, and I look forward to seeing how well it work. I
185 like the fact that systemd handles init.d scripts with dependency
186 information natively, allowing them to run in parallel where upstart
187 at the moment do not.
</p>
189 <p>Unfortunately do systemd have the same problem as upstart regarding
190 platform support. It only work on recent Linux kernels, and also need
191 some new kernel features enabled to function properly. This means
192 kFreeBSD and Hurd ports of Debian will need a port or a different boot
193 system. Not sure how that will be handled if systemd proves to be the
196 <p>In the mean time, based on the
197 <a href=
"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg00122.html">input
198 on debian-devel@
</a> regarding parallel booting in Debian, I have
199 decided to enable full parallel booting as the default in Debian as
200 soon as possible (probably this weekend or early next week), to see if
201 there are any remaining serious bugs in the init.d dependencies. A
202 new version of the sysvinit package implementing this change is
203 already in experimental. If all go well, Squeeze will be released
204 with parallel booting enabled by default.
</p>
210 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>.
214 <div class=
"padding"></div>
217 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Parallellizing_the_boot_in_Debian_Squeeze___ready_for_wider_testing.html">Parallellizing the boot in Debian Squeeze - ready for wider testing
</a></div>
218 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
06 23:
25</div>
220 <p>These days, the init.d script dependencies in Squeeze are quite
221 complete, so complete that it is actually possible to run all the
222 init.d scripts in parallell based on these dependencies. If you want
223 to test your Squeeze system, make sure
224 <a href=
"http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">dependency
225 based boot sequencing
</a> is enabled, and add this line to
226 /etc/default/rcS:
</p>
232 <p>That is it. It will cause sysv-rc to use the startpar tool to run
233 scripts in parallel using the dependency information stored in
234 /etc/init.d/.depend.boot, /etc/init.d/.depend.start and
235 /etc/init.d/.depend.stop to order the scripts. Startpar is configured
236 to try to start the kdm and gdm scripts as early as possible, and will
237 start the facilities required by kdm or gdm as early as possible to
238 make this happen.
</p>
240 <p>Give it a try, and see if you like the result. If some services
241 fail to start properly, it is most likely because they have incomplete
242 init.d script dependencies in their startup script (or some of their
243 dependent scripts have incomplete dependencies). Report bugs and get
244 the package maintainers to fix it. :)
</p>
246 <p>Running scripts in parallel could be the default in Debian when we
247 manage to get the init.d script dependencies complete and correct. I
248 expect we will get there in Squeeze+
1, if we get manage to test and
249 fix the remaining issues.
</p>
251 <p>If you report any problems with dependencies in init.d scripts to
252 the BTS, please usertag the report to get it to show up at
253 <a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?users=initscripts-ng-devel@lists.alioth.debian.org">the
254 list of usertagged bugs related to this
</a>.
</p>
260 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>.
264 <div class=
"padding"></div>
267 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Forcing_new_users_to_change_their_password_on_first_login.html">Forcing new users to change their password on first login
</a></div>
268 <div class=
"date">2010-
05-
02 13:
47</div>
270 <p>One interesting feature in Active Directory, is the ability to
271 create a new user with an expired password, and thus force the user to
272 change the password on the first login attempt.
</p>
274 <p>I'm not quite sure how to do that with the LDAP setup in Debian
275 Edu, but did some initial testing with a local account. The account
276 and password aging information is available in /etc/shadow, but
277 unfortunately, it is not possible to specify an expiration time for
278 passwords, only a maximum age for passwords.
</p>
280 <p>A freshly created account (using adduser test) will have these
281 settings in /etc/shadow:
</p>
284 root@tjener:~# chage -l test
285 Last password change : May
02,
2010
286 Password expires : never
287 Password inactive : never
288 Account expires : never
289 Minimum number of days between password change :
0
290 Maximum number of days between password change :
99999
291 Number of days of warning before password expires :
7
295 <p>The only way I could come up with to create a user with an expired
296 account, is to change the date of the last password change to the
297 lowest value possible (January
1th
1970), and the maximum password age
298 to the difference in days between that date and today. To make it
299 simple, I went for
30 years (
30 *
365 =
10950) and January
2th (to
300 avoid testing if
0 is a valid value).
</p>
302 <p>After using these commands to set it up, it seem to work as
306 root@tjener:~# chage -d
1 test; chage -M
10950 test
307 root@tjener:~# chage -l test
308 Last password change : Jan
02,
1970
309 Password expires : never
310 Password inactive : never
311 Account expires : never
312 Minimum number of days between password change :
0
313 Maximum number of days between password change :
10950
314 Number of days of warning before password expires :
7
318 <p>So far I have tested this with ssh and console, and kdm (in
319 Squeeze) login, and all ask for a new password before login in the
320 user (with ssh, I was thrown out and had to log in again).
</p>
322 <p>Perhaps we should set up something similar for Debian Edu, to make
323 sure only the user itself have the account password?
</p>
325 <p>If you want to comment on or help out with implementing this for
326 Debian Edu, please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.
</p>
328 <p>Update
2010-
05-
02 17:
20: Paul Tötterman tells me on IRC that the
329 shadow(
8) page in Debian/testing now state that setting the date of
330 last password change to zero (
0) will force the password to be changed
331 on the first login. This was not mentioned in the manual in Lenny, so
332 I did not notice this in my initial testing. I have tested it on
333 Squeeze, and '
<tt>chage -d
0 username
</tt>' do work there. I have not
334 tested it on Lenny yet.
</p>
336 <p>Update
2010-
05-
02-
19:
05: Jim Paris tells me via email that an
337 equivalent command to expire a password is '
<tt>passwd -e
338 username
</tt>', which insert zero into the date of the last password
345 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet
</a>.
349 <div class=
"padding"></div>
352 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thoughts_on_roaming_laptop_setup_for_Debian_Edu.html">Thoughts on roaming laptop setup for Debian Edu
</a></div>
353 <div class=
"date">2010-
04-
28 20:
40</div>
355 <p>For some years now, I have wondered how we should handle laptops in
356 Debian Edu. The Debian Edu infrastructure is mostly designed to
357 handle stationary computers, and less suited for computers that come
360 <p>Now I finally believe I have an sensible idea on how to adjust
361 Debian Edu for laptops, by introducing a new profile for them, for
362 example called Roaming Workstations. Here are my thought on this.
363 The setup would consist of the following:
</p>
367 <li>During installation, the user name of the owner / primary user of
368 the laptop is requested and a local home directory is set up for
369 the user, with uid and gid information fetched from the LDAP
370 server. This allow the user to work also when offline. The
371 central home directory can be available in a subdirectory on
372 request, for example mounted via CIFS. It could be mounted
373 automatically when a user log in while on the Debian Edu network,
374 and unmounted when the machine is taken away (network down,
375 hibernate, etc), it can be set up to do automatic mounting on
376 request (using autofs), or perhaps some GUI button on the desktop
377 can be used to access it when needed. Perhaps it is enough to use
378 the fish protocol in KDE?
</li>
380 <li>Password checking is set up to use LDAP or Kerberos
381 authentication when the machine is on the Debian Edu network, and
382 to cache the password for offline checking when the machine unable
383 to reach the LDAP or Kerberos server. This can be done using
384 <a href=
"http://www.padl.com/OSS/pam_ccreds.html">libpam-ccreds
</a>
385 or the Fedora developed
386 <a href=
"https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/SSSD">System
387 Security Services Daemon
</a> packages.
</li>
389 <li>File synchronisation with the central home directory is set up
390 using a shared directory in both the local and the central home
391 directory, using unison.
</li>
393 <li>Printing should be set up to print to all printers broadcasting
394 their existence on the local network, and should then work out of
395 the box with CUPS. For sites needing accurate printer quotas, some
396 system with Kerberos authentication or printing via ssh could be
399 <li>For users that should have local root access to their laptop,
400 sudo should be used to allow this to the local user.
</li>
402 <li>It would be nice if user and group information from LDAP is
403 cached on the client, but given that there are entries for the
404 local user and primary group in /etc/, it should not be needed.
</li>
408 <p>I believe all the pieces to implement this are in Debian/testing at
409 the moment. If we work quickly, we should be able to get this ready
410 in time for the Squeeze release to freeze. Some of the pieces need
411 tweaking, like libpam-ccreds should get support for pam-auth-update
412 (
<a href=
"http://bugs.debian.org/566718">#
566718</a>) and nslcd (or
413 perhaps debian-edu-config) should get some integration code to stop
414 its daemon when the LDAP server is unavailable to avoid long timeouts
415 when disconnected from the net. If we get Kerberos enabled, we need
416 to make sure we avoid long timeouts there too.
</p>
418 <p>If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
419 please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.
</p>
425 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>.
429 <div class=
"padding"></div>
432 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Great_book___Content__Selected_Essays_on_Technology__Creativity__Copyright__and_the_Future_of_the_Future_.html">Great book: "Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity, Copyright, and the Future of the Future"
</a></div>
433 <div class=
"date">2010-
04-
19 17:
10</div>
435 <p>The last few weeks i have had the pleasure of reading a
436 thought-provoking collection of essays by Cory Doctorow, on topics
437 touching copyright, virtual worlds, the future of man when the
438 conscience mind can be duplicated into a computer and many more. The
439 book titled "Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity,
440 Copyright, and the Future of the Future" is available with few
441 restrictions on the web, for example from
442 <a href=
"http://craphound.com/content/">his own site
</a>. I read the
444 <a href=
"http://www.feedbooks.com/book/2883">feedbooks
</a> using
445 <a href=
"http://www.fbreader.org/">fbreader
</a> and my N810. I
446 strongly recommend this book.
</p>
452 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web
</a>.
456 <div class=
"padding"></div>
459 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Kerberos_for_Debian_Edu_Squeeze_.html">Kerberos for Debian Edu/Squeeze?
</a></div>
460 <div class=
"date">2010-
04-
14 17:
20</div>
462 <p><a href=
"http://www.nuug.no/aktiviteter/20100413-kerberos/">Yesterdays
463 NUUG presentation
</a> about Kerberos was inspiring, and reminded me
464 about the need to start using Kerberos in Skolelinux. Setting up a
465 Kerberos server seem to be straight forward, and if we get this in
466 place a long time before the Squeeze version of Debian freezes, we
467 have a chance to migrate Skolelinux away from NFSv3 for the home
468 directories, and over to an architecture where the infrastructure do
469 not have to trust IP addresses and machines, and instead can trust
470 users and cryptographic keys instead.
</p>
472 <p>A challenge will be integration and administration. Is there a
473 Kerberos implementation for Debian where one can control the
474 administration access in Kerberos using LDAP groups? With it, the
475 school administration will have to maintain access control using flat
476 files on the main server, which give a huge potential for errors.
</p>
478 <p>A related question I would like to know is how well Kerberos and
479 pam-ccreds (offline password check) work together. Anyone know?
</p>
481 <p>Next step will be to use Kerberos for access control in Lwat and
482 Nagios. I have no idea how much work that will be to implement. We
483 would also need to document how to integrate with Windows AD, as such
484 shared network will require two Kerberos realms that need to cooperate
485 to work properly.
</p>
487 <p>I believe a good start would be to start using Kerberos on the
488 skolelinux.no machines, and this way get ourselves experience with
489 configuration and integration. A natural starting point would be
490 setting up ldap.skolelinux.no as the Kerberos server, and migrate the
491 rest of the machines from PAM via LDAP to PAM via Kerberos one at the
494 <p>If you would like to contribute to get this working in Skolelinux,
495 I recommend you to see the video recording from yesterdays NUUG
496 presentation, and start using Kerberos at home. The video show show
497 up in a few days.
</p>
503 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english
</a>,
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug
</a>.
507 <div class=
"padding"></div>
510 <div class=
"title"><a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/P___vegne_av_vanvitting_mange__Aftenposten_.html">På vegne av vanvitting mange, Aftenposten!
</a></div>
511 <div class=
"date">2010-
03-
06 21:
15</div>
513 <p><a href=
"http://fotball.aftenposten.no/incoming/article163000.ece">Aftenposten
514 melder
</a> på forsiden av webavisen sin at de tror Erling Fossen
515 provoserer nordlendinger med sine uttalelser på
516 fotballtinget. Jeg er utflyttet nordlending, og må innrømme at jeg
517 ikke kjennet så mye som et snev av provokasjon fra denne litt morsomme
518 uttalelsen til Hr. Fossen. Lurer på om Aftenposten har noen kilder
519 utenom redaksjonen for sin påstand om at nordledinger er provosert av
520 Hr. Fossen. Må innrømme at jeg tviler på det.
</p>
522 <p>Det hele bringer tankene tilbake til Sture Hansen i Hallo i Uken.
</p>
528 Tags:
<a href=
"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk
</a>.
532 <div class=
"padding"></div>
534 <p style=
"text-align: right;"><a href=
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"http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt=
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548 <li><a href=
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2)
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550 <li><a href=
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552 <li><a href=
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554 <li><a href=
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556 <li><a href=
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563 <li><a href=
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565 <li><a href=
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567 <li><a href=
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569 <li><a href=
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571 <li><a href=
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573 <li><a href=
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575 <li><a href=
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577 <li><a href=
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579 <li><a href=
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581 <li><a href=
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583 <li><a href=
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585 <li><a href=
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592 <li><a href=
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594 <li><a href=
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7)
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605 <li><a href=
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607 <li><a href=
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609 <li><a href=
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611 <li><a href=
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613 <li><a href=
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615 <li><a href=
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29)
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617 <li><a href=
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625 <li><a href=
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627 <li><a href=
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629 <li><a href=
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64)
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631 <li><a href=
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73)
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633 <li><a href=
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637 <li><a href=
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641 <li><a href=
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643 <li><a href=
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645 <li><a href=
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647 <li><a href=
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649 <li><a href=
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10)
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651 <li><a href=
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653 <li><a href=
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659 <p style=
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