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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from July 2015.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29          7th July 2015
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
  34 they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
  35 the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
  36 if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
  37 does not.</p>
  38
  39 <p>I started by asking for more information about the various
  40 licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
  41 Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
  42 did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
  43
  44 <p><blockquote>
  45
  46 <p>According to
  47 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
  48 MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
  49 using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
  50 Video".  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
  51 Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
  52 exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
  53
  54 <p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
  55 PDF named
  56 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
  57 Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
  58 fees:</p>
  59
  60 <ul>
  61  <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
  62   <ul>
  63    <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
  64      subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
  65      $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
  66      1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
  67
  68    <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
  69      length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
  70   </ul></li>
  71
  72  <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
  73   <ul>
  74    <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
  75      (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
  76      maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
  77
  78    <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
  79      – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
  80   </ul></li>
  81 </ul>
  82
  83 <p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
  84 categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
  85 Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
  86 one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
  87 explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
  88 the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
  89
  90 <p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
  91 "video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
  92 subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
  93 get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
  94 Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
  95 Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
  96 access to personalized services?</p>
  97
  98 <p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
  99 Internet.</p>
 100 </blockquote></p>
 101
 102 <p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
 103 with the MPEG LA:</p>
 104
 105 <p><blockquote>
 106 <p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
 107 appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
 108
 109 <p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
 110 which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
 111 the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
 112 provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
 113 technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
 114 video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
 115 paying the applicable royalties.</p>
 116
 117 <p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
 118 defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
 119 the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
 120 which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
 121 AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
 122 receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
 123 Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
 124 License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
 125 free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
 126 AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
 127 access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
 128 no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
 129
 130 <p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
 131 specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
 132 video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
 133 Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
 134 content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
 135 Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
 136 be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
 137
 138 <p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
 139 through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
 140 such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
 141 subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
 142
 143 <p>For your reference, I have attached
 144 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpeg-la.pdf">a
 145 .pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
 146 sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
 147 2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
 148 You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
 149 Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
 150 Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
 151 electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
 152 be used for execution.</p>
 153
 154 <p>I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
 155 questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
 156 free to contact me directly.</p>
 157 </blockquote></p>
 158
 159 <p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
 160 that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
 161 me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
 162 But I still had a few questions:</p>
 163
 164 <p><blockquote>
 165 <p>I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
 166 a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
 167 reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
 168 clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
 169 typically look similar to this:
 170
 171 <p><blockquote>
 172   This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
 173   the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
 174   video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
 175   decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
 176   personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
 177   obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
 178   license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
 179   information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
 180 </blockquote></p>
 181
 182 <p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
 183 an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
 184 there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
 185 differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
 186 MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
 187 </blockquote></p>
 188
 189 <p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
 190 non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
 191
 192 <p><blockquote>
 193
 194 <p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
 195 clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
 196 reads:</p>
 197
 198 <p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
 199 THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
 200 RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
 201 STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
 202 BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
 203 A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
 204 OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
 205 OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
 206
 207 <p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
 208 personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
 209 with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
 210 product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
 211 licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
 212 deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
 213 Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
 214 Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
 215
 216 <p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
 217 Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
 218 Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
 219 conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
 220 payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
 221 Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
 222 own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
 223 above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
 224 Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
 225
 226 <p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
 227 countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
 228 Norway.</p>
 229
 230 <p>I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
 231 assistance, just let me know.</p>
 232 </blockquote></p>
 233
 234 <p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
 235 asked for more information:</p>
 236
 237 <p><blockquote>
 238
 239 <p>But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
 240 you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
 241 Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
 242 list available from &lt;URL:
 243 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
 244 &gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
 245 were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
 246 Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
 247 to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
 248
 249 </blockquote></p>
 250
 251 <p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
 252 in that list:</p>
 253
 254 <p><blockquote>
 255
 256 <p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
 257 Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
 258 Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
 259 royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
 260 With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
 261 Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
 262 the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
 263 that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
 264 country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
 265
 266 <p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
 267 a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
 268 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
 269 coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
 270 initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
 271 Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
 272 conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
 273 country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
 274 such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
 275 Portfolio Patents.</p>
 276 </blockquote></p>
 277
 278 <p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
 279 Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
 280 license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
 281 anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
 282 Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
 283 content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
 284 none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
 285 copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
 286 the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
 287
 288       </div>
 289       <div class="tags">
 290
 291
 292         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 293
 294
 295       </div>
 296     </div>
 297     <div class="padding"></div>
 298
 299     <div class="entry">
 300       <div class="title">
 301         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a>
 302       </div>
 303       <div class="date">
 304          5th July 2015
 305       </div>
 306       <div class="body">
 307         <p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
 308 need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
 309 thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
 310 fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
 311 do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
 312 machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
 313 with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
 314 for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
 315 not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
 316 using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
 317 might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
 318
 319 <p>One tip I got was to use the
 320 <a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
 321 compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
 322 prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
 323 keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
 324 very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
 325 keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
 326
 327 <p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
 328 newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
 329 (which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
 330 Debian Sid/Unstable according to
 331 <a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>.  The reports I
 332 got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
 333 is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
 334 Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
 335 keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
 336 keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
 337 replace it.  I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
 338 activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I'm
 339 also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
 340 noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
 341 Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
 342
 343 <p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
 344 <a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
 345 <a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
 346 The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
 347
 348 <p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
 349 as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
 350
 351 <p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
 352 <a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops.  They got several
 353 different
 354 <a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
 355 thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
 356
 357       </div>
 358       <div class="tags">
 359
 360
 361         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 362
 363
 364       </div>
 365     </div>
 366     <div class="padding"></div>
 367
 368     <div class="entry">
 369       <div class="title">
 370         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html">Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</a>
 371       </div>
 372       <div class="date">
 373          3rd July 2015
 374       </div>
 375       <div class="body">
 376         <p>My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
 377 replacement soon.  The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
 378 started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
 379 cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
 380 flickering.</p>
 381
 382 <p>My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
 383 still as
 384 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">I
 385 described them in 2013</a>.  The last time I bought a laptop, I had
 386 good help from
 387 <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353">prisjakt.no</a>
 388 where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
 389 wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually.  Three button mouse
 390 and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
 391 laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
 392 G2) lack three mouse buttons).  It is also unclear to me how good the
 393 keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are.  I hope Lenovo have not messed up
 394 the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
 395 deteriorated since X41.</p>
 396
 397 <p>I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
 398 seem sensible to me?  Are there better services around to search the
 399 set of available laptops for features?  Please send me an email if you
 400 have suggestions.</p>
 401
 402       </div>
 403       <div class="tags">
 404
 405
 406         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 407
 408
 409       </div>
 410     </div>
 411     <div class="padding"></div>
 412
 413     <div class="entry">
 414       <div class="title">
 415         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html">MakerCon Nordic videos now available on Frikanalen</a>
 416       </div>
 417       <div class="date">
 418          2nd July 2015
 419       </div>
 420       <div class="body">
 421         <p>Last oktober I was involved on behalf of
 422 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">NUUG</a> with recording the talks at
 423 <a href="http://www.makercon.no/">MakerCon Nordic</a>, a conference for
 424 the Maker movement.  Since then it has been the plan to publish the
 425 recordings on <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, which
 426 finally happened the last few days.  A few talks are missing because
 427 the speakers asked the organizers to not publish them, but most of the
 428 talks are available.  The talks are being broadcasted on RiksTV
 429 channel 50 and using multicast on Uninett, as well as being available
 430 from the Frikanalen web site.  The unedited recordings are
 431 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/">available on
 432 Youtube too</a>.</p>
 433
 434 <p>This is the list of talks available at the moment.  Visit the
 435 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/?q=makercon">Frikanalen video
 436 pages</a> to view them.</p>
 437
 438 <ul>
 439
 440   <li>Evolutionary algorithms as a design tool - from art
 441       to robotics (Kyrre Glette)</li>
 442
 443   <li>Make and break (Hans Gerhard Meier)</li>
 444
 445   <li>Making a one year school course for young makers
 446       (Olav Helland)</li>
 447
 448   <li>Innovation Inspiration - IPR Databases as a Source of
 449       Inspiration (Hege Langlo)</li>
 450
 451   <li>Making a toy for makers (Erik Torstensson)</li>
 452
 453   <li>How to make 3D printer electronics (Elias Bakken)</li>
 454
 455   <li>Hovering Clouds: Looking at online tool offerings for Product
 456       Design and 3D Printing (William Kempton)</li>
 457
 458   <li>Travelling maker stories (Øyvind Nydal Dahl)</li>
 459
 460   <li>Making the first Maker Faire in Sweden (Nils Olander)</li>
 461
 462   <li>Breaking the mold: Printing 1000’s of parts (Espen Sivertsen)</li>
 463
 464   <li>Ultimaker — and open source 3D printing (Erik de Bruijn)</li>
 465
 466   <li>Autodesk’s 3D Printing Platform: Sparking innovation (Hilde
 467       Sevens)</li>
 468
 469   <li>How Making is Changing the World – and How You Can Too!
 470       (Jennifer Turliuk)</li>
 471
 472   <li>Open-Source Adventuring: OpenROV, OpenExplorer and the Future of
 473       Connected Exploration (David Lang)</li>
 474
 475   <li>Making in Norway (Haakon Karlsen Jr., Graham Hayward and Jens
 476       Dyvik)</li>
 477
 478   <li>The Impact of the Maker Movement (Mike Senese)</li>
 479
 480 </ul>
 481
 482 <p>Part of the reason this took so long was that the scripts NUUG had
 483 to prepare a recording for publication were five years old and no
 484 longer worked with the current video processing tools (command line
 485 argument changes).  In addition, we needed better audio normalization,
 486 which sent me on a detour to
 487 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">package
 488 bs1770gain for Debian</a>.  Now this is in place and it became a lot
 489 easier to publish NUUG videos on Frikanalen.</p>
 490
 491       </div>
 492       <div class="tags">
 493
 494
 495         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 496
 497
 498       </div>
 499     </div>
 500     <div class="padding"></div>
 501
 502     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="07.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 503     <div id="sidebar">
 504
 505
 506
 507 <h2>Archive</h2>
 508 <ul>
 509
 510 <li>2015
 511 <ul>
 512
 513 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 514
 515 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 516
 517 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 518
 519 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 520
 521 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 522
 523 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 524
 525 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 526
 527 </ul></li>
 528
 529 <li>2014
 530 <ul>
 531
 532 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 533
 534 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 535
 536 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 537
 538 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 539
 540 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 541
 542 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 543
 544 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 545
 546 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 547
 548 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 549
 550 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 551
 552 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 553
 554 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 555
 556 </ul></li>
 557
 558 <li>2013
 559 <ul>
 560
 561 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 562
 563 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 564
 565 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 566
 567 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 568
 569 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 570
 571 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 572
 573 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 574
 575 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 576
 577 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 578
 579 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 580
 581 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 582
 583 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 584
 585 </ul></li>
 586
 587 <li>2012
 588 <ul>
 589
 590 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 591
 592 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 593
 594 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 595
 596 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 597
 598 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 599
 600 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 601
 602 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 603
 604 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 605
 606 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 607
 608 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 609
 610 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 611
 612 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 613
 614 </ul></li>
 615
 616 <li>2011
 617 <ul>
 618
 619 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 620
 621 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 622
 623 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 624
 625 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 626
 627 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 628
 629 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 630
 631 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 632
 633 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 634
 635 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 636
 637 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 638
 639 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 640
 641 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 642
 643 </ul></li>
 644
 645 <li>2010
 646 <ul>
 647
 648 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 649
 650 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 651
 652 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 653
 654 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 655
 656 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 657
 658 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 659
 660 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 661
 662 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 663
 664 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 665
 666 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 667
 668 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 669
 670 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 671
 672 </ul></li>
 673
 674 <li>2009
 675 <ul>
 676
 677 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 678
 679 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 680
 681 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 682
 683 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 684
 685 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 686
 687 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 688
 689 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 690
 691 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 692
 693 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 694
 695 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 696
 697 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 698
 699 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 700
 701 </ul></li>
 702
 703 <li>2008
 704 <ul>
 705
 706 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 707
 708 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 709
 710 </ul></li>
 711
 712 </ul>
 713
 714
 715
 716 <h2>Tags</h2>
 717 <ul>
 718
 719  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
 720
 721  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 722
 723  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 724
 725  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 726
 727  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
 728
 729  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
 730
 731  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 732
 733  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 734
 735  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (111)</a></li>
 736
 737  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
 738
 739  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 740
 741  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
 742
 743  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (13)</a></li>
 744
 745  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 746
 747  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (283)</a></li>
 748
 749  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 750
 751  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
 752
 753  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (15)</a></li>
 754
 755  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 756
 757  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
 758
 759  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 760
 761  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
 762
 763  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
 764
 765  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
 766
 767  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 768
 769  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 770
 771  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 772
 773  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 774
 775  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 776
 777  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
 778
 779  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (263)</a></li>
 780
 781  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (176)</a></li>
 782
 783  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (18)</a></li>
 784
 785  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 786
 787  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (53)</a></li>
 788
 789  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
 790
 791  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
 792
 793  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 794
 795  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 796
 797  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 798
 799  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
 800
 801  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 802
 803  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
 804
 805  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 806
 807  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
 808
 809  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 810
 811  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
 812
 813  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
 814
 815  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
 816
 817  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
 818
 819  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
 820
 821  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
 822
 823  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 824
 825  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
 826
 827  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
 828
 829  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 830
 831  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
 832
 833 </ul>
 834
 835
 836     </div>
 837     <p style="text-align: right">
 838  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 839 </p>
 840
 841   </body>
 842 </html>