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   5   <title>Petter Reinholdtsen</title>
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  12  <div class="title">
  13   <h1>
  14        <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16   </h1>
  17
  18  </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22  <div class="entry">
  23   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Idea_for_a_change_to_LDAP_schemas_allowing_DNS_and_DHCP_info_to_be_combined_into_one_object.html">Idea for a change to LDAP schemas allowing DNS and DHCP info to be combined into one object</a></div>
  24   <div class="date">2010-06-24 00:35</div>
  25   <div class="body">
  26 <p>A while back, I
  27 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_for_new__LDAP_schemas_replacing_RFC_2307_.html">complained
  28 about the fact</a> that it is not possible with the provided schemas
  29 for storing DNS and DHCP information in LDAP to combine the two sets
  30 of information into one LDAP object representing a computer.</p>
  31
  32 <p>In the mean time, I discovered that a simple fix would be to make
  33 the dhcpHost object class auxiliary, to allow it to be combined with
  34 the dNSDomain object class, and thus forming one object for one
  35 computer when storing both DHCP and DNS information in LDAP.</p>
  36
  37 <p>If I understand this correctly, it is not safe to do this change
  38 without also changing the assigned number for the object class, and I
  39 do not know enough about LDAP schema design to do that properly for
  40 Debian Edu.</p>
  41
  42 <p>Anyway, for future reference, this is how I believe we could change
  43 the
  44 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dhc-ldap-schema-00">DHCP
  45 schema</a> to solve at least part of the problem with the LDAP schemas
  46 available today from IETF.</p>
  47
  48 <pre>
  49 --- dhcp.schema    (revision 65192)
  50 +++ dhcp.schema    (working copy)
  51 @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
  52  objectclass ( 2.16.840.1.113719.1.203.6.6
  53         NAME 'dhcpHost'
  54         DESC 'This represents information about a particular client'
  55 -       SUP top
  56 +       SUP top AUXILIARY
  57         MUST cn
  58         MAY  (dhcpLeaseDN $ dhcpHWAddress $ dhcpOptionsDN $ dhcpStatements $ dhcpComments $ dhcpOption)
  59         X-NDS_CONTAINMENT ('dhcpService' 'dhcpSubnet' 'dhcpGroup') )
  60 </pre>
  61
  62 <p>I very much welcome clues on how to do this properly for Debian
  63 Edu/Squeeze.  We provide the DHCP schema in our debian-edu-config
  64 package, and should thus be free to rewrite it as we see fit.</p>
  65
  66 <p>If you want to help out with implementing this for Debian Edu,
  67 please contact us on debian-edu@lists.debian.org.</p>
  68 </div>
  69   <div class="tags">
  70
  71
  72
  73    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
  74
  75   </div>
  76  </div>
  77  <div class="padding"></div>
  78
  79  <div class="entry">
  80   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Calling_tasksel_like_the_installer__while_still_getting_useful_output.html">Calling tasksel like the installer, while still getting useful output</a></div>
  81   <div class="date">2010-06-16 14:55</div>
  82   <div class="body">
  83 <p>A few times I have had the need to simulate the way tasksel
  84 installs packages during the normal debian-installer run.  Until now,
  85 I have ended up letting tasksel do the work, with the annoying problem
  86 of not getting any feedback at all when something fails (like a
  87 conffile question from dpkg or a download that fails), using code like
  88 this:
  89
  90 <blockquote><pre>
  91 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
  92 tasksel --new-install
  93 </pre></blockquote>
  94
  95 This would invoke tasksel, let its automatic task selection pick the
  96 tasks to install, and continue to install the requested tasks without
  97 any output what so ever.
  98
  99 Recently I revisited this problem while working on the automatic
 100 package upgrade testing, because tasksel would some times hang without
 101 any useful feedback, and I want to see what is going on when it
 102 happen.  Then it occured to me, I can parse the output from tasksel
 103 when asked to run in test mode, and use that aptitude command line
 104 printed by tasksel then to simulate the tasksel run.  I ended up using
 105 code like this:
 106
 107 <blockquote><pre>
 108 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 109 cmd="$(in_target tasksel -t --new-install | sed 's/debconf-apt-progress -- //')"
 110 $cmd
 111 </pre></blockquote>
 112
 113 <p>The content of $cmd is typically something like "<tt>aptitude -q
 114 --without-recommends -o APT::Install-Recommends=no -y install
 115 ~t^desktop$ ~t^gnome-desktop$ ~t^laptop$ ~pstandard ~prequired
 116 ~pimportant</tt>", which will install the gnome desktop task, the
 117 laptop task and all packages with priority standard , required and
 118 important, just like tasksel would have done it during
 119 installation.</p>
 120
 121 <p>A better approach is probably to extend tasksel to be able to
 122 install packages without using debconf-apt-progress, for use cases
 123 like this.</p>
 124 </div>
 125   <div class="tags">
 126
 127
 128
 129    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
 130
 131   </div>
 132  </div>
 133  <div class="padding"></div>
 134
 135  <div class="entry">
 136   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Vinmonopolet_bryter_loven___penlyst___og_flere_planlegger____gj__re_det_samme.html">Vinmonopolet bryter loven åpenlyst - og flere planlegger å gjøre det samme</a></div>
 137   <div class="date">2010-06-16 11:00</div>
 138   <div class="body">
 139 <p><a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2010/06/16/nyheter/innenriks/streik/arbeidsliv/12157858/">Dagbladet
 140 melder</a> at Vinmonopolet med bakgrunn i vekterstreiken som pågår i
 141 Norge for tiden, har bestemt seg for med vitende og vilje å bryte
 142 sentralbanklovens paragraf 14 ved å nekte folk å betale med
 143 kontanter, og at flere butikker planlegger å følge deres eksempel.
 144 Jeg synes det er hårreisende hvis de slipper unna med et slikt
 145 soleklart lovbrudd, og lurer på hva slags muligheter jeg vil ha hvis
 146 jeg blir nektet å handle med kontanter.  Jeg handler i hovedsak med
 147 kontanter selv, da jeg anser det som en borgerrett å kunne handle
 148 anonymt uten at det blir registrert.  For meg er det et angrep på mitt
 149 personvern å nekte å ta imot kontant betaling.</p>
 150
 151 <p><a href="http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19850524-028-003.html#14">Paragrafen
 152 i sentralbankloven</a> lyder:</p>
 153
 154 <blockquote>
 155 <p>§ 14. Tvungent betalingsmiddel</p>
 156
 157 <p>Bankens sedler og mynter er tvungent betalingsmiddel i Norge. Ingen
 158 er pliktig til i én betaling å ta imot mer enn femogtyve mynter av
 159 hver enhet.</p>
 160
 161 <p>Sterkt skadde sedler og mynter er ikke tvungent
 162 betalingsmiddel. Banken gir nærmere forskrifter om erstatning for
 163 bortkomne, brente eller skadde sedler og mynter.</p>
 164
 165 <p>Selv om en avtale inneholder klausul om betaling av en
 166 pengeforpliktelse i gullverdi, kan skyldneren frigjøre seg med tvungne
 167 betalingsmidler uten hensyn til denne klausul.</p>
 168 </blockquote>
 169
 170 <p>Det er med bakgrunn i denne lovet ikke tillatt å nekte å ta imot
 171 kontakt betaling.  Det er en lov jeg har sans for, og som jeg mener må
 172 håndheves strengt.</p>
 173 </div>
 174   <div class="tags">
 175
 176
 177
 178    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
 179
 180   </div>
 181  </div>
 182  <div class="padding"></div>
 183
 184  <div class="entry">
 185   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Officeshots_taking_shape.html">Officeshots taking shape</a></div>
 186   <div class="date">2010-06-13 11:40</div>
 187   <div class="body">
 188 <p>For those of us caring about document exchange and
 189 interoperability, <a href="http://www.officeshots.org/">OfficeShots</a>
 190 is a great service.  It is to ODF documents what
 191 <a href="http://browsershots.org/">BrowserShots</a> is for web
 192 pages.</p>
 193
 194 <p>A while back, I was contacted by Knut Yrvin at the part of Nokia
 195 that used to be Trolltech, who wanted to help the OfficeShots project
 196 and wondered if the University of Oslo where I work would be
 197 interested in supporting the project.  I helped him to navigate his
 198 request to the right people at work, and his request was answered with
 199 a spot in the machine room with power and network connected, and Knut
 200 arranged funding for a machine to fill the spot.  The machine is
 201 administrated by the OfficeShots people, so I do not have daily
 202 contact with its progress, and thus from time to time check back to
 203 see how the project is doing.</p>
 204
 205 <p>Today I had a look, and was happy to see that the Dell box in our
 206 machine room now is the host for several virtual machines running as
 207 OfficeShots factories, and the project is able to render ODF documents
 208 in 17 different document processing implementation on Linux and
 209 Windows.  This is great.</p>
 210 </div>
 211   <div class="tags">
 212
 213
 214
 215    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>.
 216
 217   </div>
 218  </div>
 219  <div class="padding"></div>
 220
 221  <div class="entry">
 222   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenny__Squeeze_upgrades__removals_by_apt_and_aptitude.html">Lenny->Squeeze upgrades, removals by apt and aptitude</a></div>
 223   <div class="date">2010-06-13 09:05</div>
 224   <div class="body">
 225 <p>My
 226 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html">testing
 227 of Debian upgrades</a> from Lenny to Squeeze continues, and I've
 228 finally made the upgrade logs available from
 229 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/">http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/debian-upgrade-testing/</a>.
 230 I am now testing dist-upgrade of Gnome and KDE in a chroot using both
 231 apt and aptitude, and found their differences interesting.  This time
 232 I will only focus on their removal plans.</p>
 233
 234 <p>After installing a Gnome desktop and the laptop task, apt-get wants
 235 to remove 72 packages when dist-upgrading from Lenny to Squeeze.  The
 236 surprising part is that it want to remove xorg and all
 237 xserver-xorg-video* drivers.  Clearly not a good choice, but I am not
 238 sure why.  When asking aptitude to do the same, it want to remove 129
 239 packages, but most of them are library packages I suspect are no
 240 longer needed.  Both of them want to remove bluetooth packages, which
 241 I do not know.  Perhaps these bluetooth packages are obsolete?</p>
 242
 243 <p>For KDE, apt-get want to remove 82 packages, among them kdebase
 244 which seem like a bad idea and xorg the same way as with Gnome. Asking
 245 aptitude for the same, it wants to remove 192 packages, none which are
 246 too surprising.</p>
 247
 248 <p>I guess the removal of xorg during upgrades should be investigated
 249 and avoided, and perhaps others as well.  Here are the complete list
 250 of planned removals.  The complete logs is available from the URL
 251 above.  Note if you want to repeat these tests, that the upgrade test
 252 for kde+apt-get hung in the tasksel setup because of dpkg asking
 253 conffile questions.  No idea why.  I worked around it by using
 254 '<tt>echo >> /proc/<em>pidofdpkg</em>/fd/0</tt>' to tell dpkg to
 255 continue.</p>
 256
 257 <p><b>apt-get gnome 72</b>
 258 <br>bluez-gnome cupsddk-drivers deskbar-applet gnome
 259   gnome-desktop-environment gnome-network-admin gtkhtml3.14
 260   iceweasel-gnome-support libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libgdl-1-0
 261   libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libmetacity0 libslab0 libxcb-xlib0
 262   nautilus-cd-burner python-gnome2-desktop python-gnome2-extras
 263   serpentine swfdec-mozilla update-manager xorg xserver-xorg
 264   xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
 265   xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
 266   xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
 267   xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
 268   xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
 269   xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
 270   xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
 271   xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
 272   xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 273   xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
 274   xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
 275   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
 276   xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
 277   xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
 278   xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
 279   xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
 280   xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
 281   xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
 282   xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
 283   xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
 284   xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
 285   xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9
 286   xulrunner-1.9-gnome-support</p>
 287
 288 <p><b>aptitude gnome 129</b>
 289
 290 <br>bluez-gnome bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers dhcdbd
 291   djvulibre-desktop finger gnome-app-install gnome-mount
 292   gnome-network-admin gnome-spell gnome-vfs-obexftp
 293   gnome-volume-manager gstreamer0.10-gnomevfs gtkhtml3.14 libao2
 294   libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 libavahi-core5 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
 295   libcamel1.2-11 libcdio7 libcucul0 libcupsys2 libcurl3 libdatrie0
 296   libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdvdread3 libedataserver1.2-9 libeel2-2.20
 297   libeel2-data libepc-1.0-1 libepc-ui-1.0-1 libfaad0 libgail-common
 298   libgd2-noxpm libgda3-3 libgda3-common libgdl-1-0 libgdl-1-common
 299   libggz2 libggzcore9 libggzmod4 libgksu1.2-0 libgksuui1.0-1 libgmyth0
 300   libgnomecups1.0-1 libgnomekbd2 libgnomekbdui2 libgnomeprint2.2-0
 301   libgnomeprint2.2-data libgnomeprintui2.2-0 libgnomeprintui2.2-common
 302   libgnomevfs2-bin libgpod3 libgraphviz4 libgtkhtml2-0
 303   libgtksourceview-common libgtksourceview1.0-0 libgucharmap6
 304   libhesiod0 libicu38 libiw29 libkpathsea4 libltdl3 libmagick++10
 305   libmagick10 libmalaga7 libmetacity0 libmtp7 libmysqlclient15off
 306   libnautilus-burn4 libneon27 libnm-glib0 libnm-util0 libopal-2.2
 307   libosp5 libparted1.8-10 libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler3 libpt-1.10.10
 308   libpt-1.10.10-plugins-alsa libpt-1.10.10-plugins-v4l libraw1394-8
 309   libsensors3 libslab0 libsmbios2 libsoup2.2-8 libssh2-1
 310   libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libswfdec-0.6-90 libtalloc1 libtotem-plparser10
 311   libtrackerclient0 libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0
 312   libxerces2-java libxerces2-java-gcj libxklavier12 libxtrap6
 313   libxxf86misc1 libzephyr3 mysql-common nautilus-cd-burner
 314   openoffice.org-writer2latex openssl-blacklist p7zip
 315   python-4suite-xml python-eggtrayicon python-gnome2-desktop
 316   python-gnome2-extras python-gtkhtml2 python-gtkmozembed
 317   python-numeric python-sexy serpentine svgalibg1 swfdec-gnome
 318   swfdec-mozilla totem-gstreamer update-manager wodim
 319   xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 320   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
 321   zip</p>
 322
 323 <p><b>apt-get kde 82</b>
 324
 325 <br>cupsddk-drivers karm kaudiocreator kcoloredit kcontrol kde kde-core
 326   kdeaddons kdeartwork kdebase kdebase-bin kdebase-bin-kde3
 327   kdebase-kio-plugins kdesktop kdeutils khelpcenter kicker
 328   kicker-applets knewsticker kolourpaint konq-plugins konqueror korn
 329   kpersonalizer kscreensaver ksplash libavcodec51 libdatrie0 libkiten1
 330   libxcb-xlib0 quanta superkaramba texlive-base-bin xorg xserver-xorg
 331   xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-evdev
 332   xserver-xorg-input-kbd xserver-xorg-input-mouse
 333   xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-wacom
 334   xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-apm xserver-xorg-video-ark
 335   xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-chips
 336   xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-cyrix
 337   xserver-xorg-video-dummy xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
 338   xserver-xorg-video-glint xserver-xorg-video-i128
 339   xserver-xorg-video-i740 xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 340   xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-mach64
 341   xserver-xorg-video-mga xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
 342   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-nv
 343   xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-r128
 344   xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-radeonhd
 345   xserver-xorg-video-rendition xserver-xorg-video-s3
 346   xserver-xorg-video-s3virge xserver-xorg-video-savage
 347   xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
 348   xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx
 349   xserver-xorg-video-tga xserver-xorg-video-trident
 350   xserver-xorg-video-tseng xserver-xorg-video-v4l
 351   xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vga
 352   xserver-xorg-video-vmware xserver-xorg-video-voodoo xulrunner-1.9</p>
 353
 354 <p><b>aptitude kde 192</b>
 355 <br>bluez-utils cpp-4.3 cupsddk-drivers cvs dcoprss dhcdbd
 356   djvulibre-desktop dosfstools eyesapplet fifteenapplet finger gettext
 357   ghostscript-x imlib-base imlib11 indi kandy karm kasteroids
 358   kaudiocreator kbackgammon kbstate kcoloredit kcontrol kcron kdat
 359   kdeadmin-kfile-plugins kdeartwork-misc kdeartwork-theme-window
 360   kdebase-bin-kde3 kdebase-kio-plugins kdeedu-data
 361   kdegraphics-kfile-plugins kdelirc kdemultimedia-kappfinder-data
 362   kdemultimedia-kfile-plugins kdenetwork-kfile-plugins
 363   kdepim-kfile-plugins kdepim-kio-plugins kdeprint kdesktop kdessh
 364   kdict kdnssd kdvi kedit keduca kenolaba kfax kfaxview kfouleggs
 365   kghostview khelpcenter khexedit kiconedit kitchensync klatin
 366   klickety kmailcvt kmenuedit kmid kmilo kmoon kmrml kodo kolourpaint
 367   kooka korn kpager kpdf kpercentage kpf kpilot kpoker kpovmodeler
 368   krec kregexpeditor ksayit ksim ksirc ksirtet ksmiletris ksmserver
 369   ksnake ksokoban ksplash ksvg ksysv ktip ktnef kuickshow kverbos
 370   kview kviewshell kvoctrain kwifimanager kwin kwin4 kworldclock
 371   kxsldbg libakode2 libao2 libarts1-akode libarts1-audiofile
 372   libarts1-mpeglib libarts1-xine libavahi-compat-libdnssd1
 373   libavahi-core5 libavc1394-0 libavcodec51 libbluetooth2
 374   libboost-python1.34.1 libcucul0 libcurl3 libcvsservice0 libdatrie0
 375   libdirectfb-1.0-0 libdjvulibre21 libdvdread3 libfaad0 libfreebob0
 376   libgail-common libgd2-noxpm libgraphviz4 libgsmme1c2a libgtkhtml2-0
 377   libicu38 libiec61883-0 libindex0 libiw29 libk3b3 libkcal2b libkcddb1
 378   libkdeedu3 libkdepim1a libkgantt0 libkiten1 libkleopatra1 libkmime2
 379   libkpathsea4 libkpimexchange1 libkpimidentities1 libkscan1
 380   libksieve0 libktnef1 liblockdev1 libltdl3 libmagick10 libmimelib1c2a
 381   libmozjs1d libmpcdec3 libneon27 libnm-util0 libopensync0 libpisock9
 382   libpoppler-glib3 libpoppler-qt2 libpoppler3 libraw1394-8 libsmbios2
 383   libssh2-1 libsuitesparse-3.1.0 libtalloc1 libtiff-tools
 384   libxalan2-java libxalan2-java-gcj libxcb-xlib0 libxerces2-java
 385   libxerces2-java-gcj libxtrap6 mpeglib networkstatus
 386   openoffice.org-writer2latex pmount poster psutils quanta quanta-data
 387   superkaramba svgalibg1 tex-common texlive-base texlive-base-bin
 388   texlive-common texlive-doc-base texlive-fonts-recommended
 389   xserver-xorg-video-cyrix xserver-xorg-video-imstt
 390   xserver-xorg-video-nsc xserver-xorg-video-v4l xserver-xorg-video-vga
 391   xulrunner-1.9</p>
 392
 393 </div>
 394   <div class="tags">
 395
 396
 397
 398    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 399
 400   </div>
 401  </div>
 402  <div class="padding"></div>
 403
 404  <div class="entry">
 405   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/__pne_tr__dl__snett_er_et_samfunnsgode.html">Åpne trådløsnett er et samfunnsgode</a></div>
 406   <div class="date">2010-06-12 12:45</div>
 407   <div class="body">
 408 <p>Veldig glad for å oppdage via
 409 <a href="http://yro.slashdot.org/story/10/06/11/1841256/Finland-To-Legalize-Use-of-Unsecured-Wi-Fi">Slashdot</a>
 410 at folk i Finland har forstått at åpne trådløsnett er et samfunnsgode.
 411 Jeg ser på åpne trådløsnett som et fellesgode på linje med retten til
 412 ferdsel i utmark og retten til å bevege seg i strandsonen.  Jeg har
 413 glede av åpne trådløsnett når jeg finner dem, og deler gladelig nett
 414 med andre så lenge de ikke forstyrrer min bruk av eget nett.
 415 Nettkapasiteten er sjelden en begrensning ved normal browsing og enkel
 416 SSH-innlogging (som er min vanligste nettbruk), og nett kan brukes til
 417 så mye positivt og nyttig (som nyhetslesing, sjekke været, kontakte
 418 slekt og venner, holde seg oppdatert om politiske saker, kontakte
 419 organisasjoner og politikere, etc), at det for meg er helt urimelig å
 420 blokkere dette for alle som ikke gjør en flue fortred.  De som mener
 421 at potensialet for misbruk er grunn nok til å hindre all den positive
 422 og lovlydige bruken av et åpent trådløsnett har jeg dermed ingen
 423 forståelse for.  En kan ikke eksistensen av forbrytere styre hvordan
 424 samfunnet skal organiseres.  Da får en et kontrollsamfunn de færreste
 425 ønsker å leve i, og det at vi har et samfunn i Norge der tilliten til
 426 hverandre er høy gjør at samfunnet fungerer ganske godt.  Det bør vi
 427 anstrenge oss for å beholde.</p>
 428 </div>
 429   <div class="tags">
 430
 431
 432
 433    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet</a>.
 434
 435   </div>
 436  </div>
 437  <div class="padding"></div>
 438
 439  <div class="entry">
 440   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Automatic_upgrade_testing_from_Lenny_to_Squeeze.html">Automatic upgrade testing from Lenny to Squeeze</a></div>
 441   <div class="date">2010-06-11 22:50</div>
 442   <div class="body">
 443 <p>The last few days I have done some upgrade testing in Debian, to
 444 see if the upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze will go smoothly.  A few bugs
 445 have been discovered and reported in the process
 446 (<a href="http://bugs.debian.org/585410">#585410</a> in nagios3-cgi,
 447 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/584879">#584879</a> already fixed in
 448 enscript and <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/584861">#584861</a> in
 449 kdebase-workspace-data), and to get a more regular testing going on, I
 450 am working on a script to automate the test.</p>
 451
 452 <p>The idea is to create a Lenny chroot and use tasksel to install a
 453 Gnome or KDE desktop installation inside the chroot before upgrading
 454 it.  To ensure no services are started in the chroot, a policy-rc.d
 455 script is inserted.  To make sure tasksel believe it is to install a
 456 desktop on a laptop, the tasksel tests are replaced in the chroot
 457 (only acceptable because this is a throw-away chroot).</p>
 458
 459 <p>A naive upgrade from Lenny to Squeeze using aptitude dist-upgrade
 460 currently always fail because udev refuses to upgrade with the kernel
 461 in Lenny, so to avoid that problem the file /etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
 462 is created.  The bug report
 463 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/566000">#566000</a> make me suspect
 464 this problem do not trigger in a chroot, but I touch the file anyway
 465 to make sure the upgrade go well.  Testing on virtual and real
 466 hardware have failed me because of udev so far, and creating this file
 467 do the trick in such settings anyway.  This is a
 468 <a href="http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/failed-dist-upgrade-due-to-udev-config_sysfs_deprecated-nonsense-804130/">known
 469 issue</a> and the current udev behaviour is intended by the udev
 470 maintainer because he lack the resources to rewrite udev to keep
 471 working with old kernels or something like that.  I really wish the
 472 udev upstream would keep udev backwards compatible, to avoid such
 473 upgrade problem, but given that they fail to do so, I guess
 474 documenting the way out of this mess is the best option we got for
 475 Debian Squeeze.</p>
 476
 477 <p>Anyway, back to the task at hand, testing upgrades.  This test
 478 script, which I call <tt>upgrade-test</tt> for now, is doing the
 479 trick:</p>
 480
 481 <blockquote><pre>
 482 #!/bin/sh
 483 set -ex
 484
 485 if [ "$1" ] ; then
 486     desktop=$1
 487 else
 488     desktop=gnome
 489 fi
 490
 491 from=lenny
 492 to=squeeze
 493
 494 exec &lt; /dev/null
 495 unset LANG
 496 mirror=http://ftp.skolelinux.org/debian
 497 tmpdir=chroot-$from-upgrade-$to-$desktop
 498 fuser -mv .
 499 debootstrap $from $tmpdir $mirror
 500 chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
 501 cat > $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d &lt;&lt;EOF
 502 #!/bin/sh
 503 exit 101
 504 EOF
 505 chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d
 506 exit_cleanup() {
 507     umount $tmpdir/proc
 508 }
 509 mount -t proc proc $tmpdir/proc
 510 # Make sure proc is unmounted also on failure
 511 trap exit_cleanup EXIT INT
 512
 513 chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y install debconf-utils
 514
 515 # Make sure tasksel autoselection trigger.  It need the test scripts
 516 # to return the correct answers.
 517 echo tasksel tasksel/desktop multiselect $desktop | \
 518     chroot $tmpdir debconf-set-selections
 519
 520 # Include the desktop and laptop task
 521 for test in desktop laptop ; do
 522     echo > $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test &lt;&lt;EOF
 523 #!/bin/sh
 524 exit 2
 525 EOF
 526     chmod a+rx $tmpdir/usr/lib/tasksel/tests/$test
 527 done
 528
 529 DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 530 DEBIAN_PRIORITY=critical
 531 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND DEBIAN_PRIORITY
 532 chroot $tmpdir tasksel --new-install
 533
 534 echo deb $mirror $to main > $tmpdir/etc/apt/sources.list
 535 chroot $tmpdir aptitude update
 536 touch $tmpdir/etc/udev/kernel-upgrade
 537 chroot $tmpdir aptitude -y dist-upgrade
 538 fuser -mv
 539 </pre></blockquote>
 540
 541 <p>I suspect it would be useful to test upgrades with both apt-get and
 542 with aptitude, but I have not had time to look at how they behave
 543 differently so far.  I hope to get a cron job running to do the test
 544 regularly and post the result on the web.  The Gnome upgrade currently
 545 work, while the KDE upgrade fail because of the bug in
 546 kdebase-workspace-data</p>
 547
 548 <p>I am not quite sure what kind of extract from the huge upgrade logs
 549 (KDE 167 KiB, Gnome 516 KiB) it make sense to include in this blog
 550 post, so I will refrain from trying.  I can report that for Gnome,
 551 aptitude report 760 packages upgraded, 448 newly installed, 129 to
 552 remove and 1 not upgraded and 1024MB need to be downloaded while for
 553 KDE the same numbers are 702 packages upgraded, 507 newly installed,
 554 193 to remove and 0 not upgraded and 1117MB need to be downloaded</p>
 555
 556 <p>I am very happy to notice that the Gnome desktop + laptop upgrade
 557 is able to migrate to dependency based boot sequencing and parallel
 558 booting without a hitch.  Was unsure if there were still bugs with
 559 packages failing to clean up their obsolete init.d script during
 560 upgrades, and no such problem seem to affect the Gnome desktop+laptop
 561 packages.</p>
 562 </div>
 563   <div class="tags">
 564
 565
 566
 567    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 568
 569   </div>
 570  </div>
 571  <div class="padding"></div>
 572
 573  <div class="entry">
 574   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Skolelinux_er_laget_for_sentraldrifting__naturligvis.html">Skolelinux er laget for sentraldrifting, naturligvis</a></div>
 575   <div class="date">2010-06-09 12:30</div>
 576   <div class="body">
 577 <p>Det er merkelig hvordan myter om Skolelinux overlever.  En slik
 578 myte er at Skolelinux ikke kan sentraldriftes og ha sentralt plasserte
 579 tjenermaskiner.  I siste Computerworld Norge er
 580 <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article169432.ece">IT-sjef
 581 Viggo Billdal i Steinkjer intervjuet</a>, og forteller uten
 582 blygsel:</p>
 583
 584 <blockquote><p>Vi hadde Skolelinux, men det har vi sluttet med. Vi testet
 585 om det lønte seg med Microsoft eller en åpen plattform. Vi fant ut at
 586 Microsoft egentlig var totalt sett bedre egnet. Det var store
 587 driftskostnader med Skolelinux, blant annet på grunn av
 588 desentraliserte servere. Det var komplisert, så vi gikk vekk fra det
 589 og bruker nå bare Windows.</p></blockquote>
 590
 591 <p>En <a
 592 href="https://init.linpro.no/pipermail/skolelinux.no/bruker/2010-June/009101.html">rask
 593 sjekk</a> mot den norske brukerlista i Skolelinuxprosjektet forteller
 594 at Steinkjers forsøk foregikk fram til 2004/2005, og at Røysing skole
 595 i Steinkjer skal ha vært svært fornøyd med Skolelinux men at kommunen
 596 overkjørte skolen og krevde at de gikk over til Windows.  Et søk på
 597 nettet sendte meg til
 598 <a href="http://www.dn.no/multimedia/archive/00090/Dagens_it_nr__18_90826a.pdf">Dagens
 599 IT nr. 18 2005</a> hvor en kan lese på side 18:</p>
 600
 601 <blockquote><p>Inge Tømmerås ved Røysing skole i Steinkjer kjører ennå
 602 Microsoft, men forteller at kompetanseutfordringen med Skolelinux ikke
 603 var så stor.   Jeg syntes Skolelinux var utrolig lett å drifte uten
 604 forkunnskaper. Men man må jo selvsagt ha tilgang på ekstern kompetanse
 605 til installasjoner og maskinvarefeil, sier Tømmerås.</p></blockquote>
 606
 607 <p>Som systemarkitekten bak Skolelinux, kan jeg bare riste på hodet
 608 over påstanden om at Skolelinux krever desentraliserte tjenere.
 609 Skolelinux-arkitekturen er laget for sentralisert drift og plassering
 610 av tjenerne lokalt eller sentralt alt etter behov og nettkapasitet.
 611 Den er modellert på nettverks- og tjenerløsningen som brukes på
 612 Universitetet i Tromsø og Oslo, der jeg jobber med utvikling av
 613 driftstjenester.  Dette er det heldigvis noen som har fått med seg, og
 614 jeg er glad for å kunne sitere fra en kommentar på den overnevnte
 615 artikkelen.  Min venn og gamle kollega Sturle Sunde forteller der:
 616
 617 <blockquote>
 618 <p>I Flora kommune køyrer vi Skulelinux på skular med alt frå 15 til
 619 meir enn 500 elevar. Dei store skulane har eigen tenar, for det er
 620 mest praktisk. Eg, som er driftsansvarleg for heile nettet, ser
 621 sjeldan dei tenarane fysisk, men at dei står der gjer skulane mindre
 622 avhengige av eksterne linjer som er trege eller dyre. Dei minste
 623 skulane har ikkje eigen tenar. Å bruke sentral tenar er heller ikkje
 624 noko problem. Småskulane klarar seg fint med 1 mbit-linje til ein
 625 sentral tenar eller tenaren på ein større skule.</p>
 626
 627 <p>Det beste med Skulelinux er halvtjukke klientar. Dei treng ikkje
 628 harddisk og brukar minimalt med ressursar på tenaren fordi dei køyrer
 629 programma lokalt. Eit klasserom med 30 sju-åtte år gamle maskiner har
 630 mykje meir CPU og RAM totalt enn nokon moderne tenar til under
 631 millionen. Det trengst to kommandoar på den sentrale tenaren for å
 632 oppdatere alle klientane, både tynne og halvtjukke. Vi har ingen
 633 problem med diskar som ryk heller, som var eit problem før fordi
 634 elevane sat og sparka i maskinene. Og dei krev lite bandbreidde i
 635 nettet, so det er fullt mogleg å køyre slike på småskular med trege
 636 linjer mot tenaren på ein større skule.</p>
 637
 638 <p>Flora kommune har nesten 800 Linux-maskiner i sitt skulenett, og
 639 ein person som tek seg av drift av heile nettet, inkludert tenarar,
 640 klientar, operativsystem, programvare, heimekontorløysing og
 641 administrasjon av brukarar.</p>
 642
 643 <p>No skal det seiast at vi ikkje køyrer rein Skulelinux ut av
 644 boksen. Vi har gjort ein del tilpassingar mot noko Novell-greier som
 645 var der frå før, og som har komplisert installasjonen vår. Etter at
 646 oppsettet var gjort har løysinga vore stabil og kravd minimalt med
 647 arbeid.</p>
 648 </blockquote>
 649
 650 <p>Jeg vet at Narvik, Harstad og Oslo er kommuner der Skolelinux
 651 sentraldriftes med sentrale tjenere.  Det forteller meg at Steinkjers
 652 IT-sjef neppe bør skylde på Skolelinux-løsningen for sine 5 år gamle
 653 minner.</p>
 654 </div>
 655   <div class="tags">
 656
 657
 658
 659    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>.
 660
 661   </div>
 662  </div>
 663  <div class="padding"></div>
 664
 665  <div class="entry">
 666   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Upstart_or_sysvinit___as_init_d_scripts_see_it.html">Upstart or sysvinit - as init.d scripts see it</a></div>
 667   <div class="date">2010-06-06 23:55</div>
 668   <div class="body">
 669 <p>If Debian is to migrate to upstart on Linux, I expect some init.d
 670 scripts to migrate (some of) their operations to upstart job while
 671 keeping the init.d for hurd and kfreebsd.  The packages with such
 672 needs will need a way to get their init.d scripts to behave
 673 differently when used with sysvinit and with upstart.  Because of
 674 this, I had a look at the environment variables set when a init.d
 675 script is running under upstart, and when it is not.</p>
 676
 677 <p>With upstart, I notice these environment variables are set when a
 678 script is started from rcS.d/ (ignoring some irrelevant ones like
 679 COLUMNS):</p>
 680
 681 <blockquote><pre>
 682 DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL=2
 683 previous=N
 684 PREVLEVEL=
 685 RUNLEVEL=
 686 runlevel=S
 687 UPSTART_EVENTS=startup
 688 UPSTART_INSTANCE=
 689 UPSTART_JOB=rc-sysinit
 690 </pre></blockquote>
 691
 692 <p>With sysvinit, these environment variables are set for the same
 693 script.</p>
 694
 695 <blockquote><pre>
 696 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.88
 697 previous=N
 698 PREVLEVEL=N
 699 RUNLEVEL=S
 700 runlevel=S
 701 </pre></blockquote>
 702
 703 <p>The RUNLEVEL and PREVLEVEL environment variables passed on from
 704 sysvinit are not set by upstart.  Not sure if it is intentional or not
 705 to not be compatible with sysvinit in this regard.</p>
 706
 707 <p>For scripts needing to behave differently when upstart is used,
 708 looking for the UPSTART_JOB environment variable seem to be a good
 709 choice.</p>
 710 </div>
 711   <div class="tags">
 712
 713
 714
 715    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 716
 717   </div>
 718  </div>
 719  <div class="padding"></div>
 720
 721  <div class="entry">
 722   <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/A_manual_for_standards_wars___.html">A manual for standards wars...</a></div>
 723   <div class="date">2010-06-06 14:15</div>
 724   <div class="body">
 725 <p>Via the
 726 <a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/robweir/antic-atom/~3/QzU4RgoAGMg/weekly-links-10.html">blog
 727 of Rob Weir</a> I came across the very interesting essay named
 728 <a href="http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/wars.pdf">The Art of
 729 Standards Wars</a> (PDF 25 pages).  I recommend it for everyone
 730 following the standards wars of today.</p>
 731 </div>
 732   <div class="tags">
 733
 734
 735
 736    Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>.
 737
 738   </div>
 739  </div>
 740  <div class="padding"></div>
 741
 742  <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14"></a></p>
 743
 744 <div id="sidebar">
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750 <h2>Archive</h2>
 751 <ul>
 752
 753 <li>2010
 754 <ul>
 755
 756 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 757
 758 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 759
 760 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 761
 762 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 763
 764 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 765
 766 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (13)</a></li>
 767
 768 </ul></li>
 769
 770 <li>2009
 771 <ul>
 772
 773 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 774
 775 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 776
 777 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 778
 779 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 780
 781 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 782
 783 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 784
 785 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 786
 787 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 788
 789 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 790
 791 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 792
 793 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 794
 795 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 796
 797 </ul></li>
 798
 799 <li>2008
 800 <ul>
 801
 802 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 803
 804 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 805
 806 </ul></li>
 807
 808 </ul>
 809
 810
 811
 812 <h2>Tags</h2>
 813 <ul>
 814
 815  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (11)</a></li>
 816
 817  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 818
 819  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 820
 821  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (10)</a></li>
 822
 823  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (28)</a></li>
 824
 825  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (27)</a></li>
 826
 827  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (40)</a></li>
 828
 829  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (1)</a></li>
 830
 831  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (7)</a></li>
 832
 833  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (2)</a></li>
 834
 835  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (2)</a></li>
 836
 837  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (1)</a></li>
 838
 839  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 840
 841  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (5)</a></li>
 842
 843  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (69)</a></li>
 844
 845  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (78)</a></li>
 846
 847  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (13)</a></li>
 848
 849  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (13)</a></li>
 850
 851  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (10)</a></li>
 852
 853  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 854
 855  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (9)</a></li>
 856
 857  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (3)</a></li>
 858
 859  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (13)</a></li>
 860
 861  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (1)</a></li>
 862
 863  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (10)</a></li>
 864
 865  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (1)</a></li>
 866
 867  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (6)</a></li>
 868
 869 </ul>
 870
 871 </div>
 872
 873 <p style="text-align: right">
 874 Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v3.7</a>
 875 </p>
 876 </body>
 877 </html>