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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_2023_LinuxCNC_Norwegian_developer_gathering.html">The 2023 LinuxCNC Norwegian developer gathering</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">14th May 2023</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>The LinuxCNC project is making headway these days.  A lot of
  26 patches and issues have seen activity on
  27 <a href="https://github.com/LinuxCNC/linuxcnc/">the project github
  28 pages</a> recently.  A few weeks ago there was a developer gathering
  29 over at the <a href="https://tormach.com/">Tormach</a> headquarter in
  30 Wisconsin, and now we are planning a new gathering in Norway.  If you
  31 wonder what LinuxCNC is, lets quote Wikipedia:</p>
  32
  33 <blockquote>
  34 "LinuxCNC is a software system for numerical control of
  35 machines such as milling machines, lathes, plasma cutters, routers,
  36 cutting machines, robots and hexapods. It can control up to 9 axes or
  37 joints of a CNC machine using G-code (RS-274NGC) as input. It has
  38 several GUIs suited to specific kinds of usage (touch screen,
  39 interactive development)."
  40 </blockquote>
  41
  42 <p>The Norwegian developer gathering take place the weekend June 16th
  43 to 18th this year, and is open for everyone interested in contributing
  44 to LinuxCNC.  Up to date information about the gathering can be found
  45 in
  46 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/emc/mailman/emc-developers/thread/sa64jp06nob.fsf%40hjemme.reinholdtsen.name/#msg37837251">the
  47 developer mailing list thread</a> where the gathering was announced.
  48 Thanks to the good people at
  49 <a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>,
  50 <a href="https://www.redpill-linpro.com/">Redpill-Linpro</a> and
  51 <a href="https://www.nuugfoundation.no/no/">NUUG Foundation</a>, we
  52 have enough sponsor funds to pay for food, and shelter for the people
  53 traveling from afar to join us.  If you would like to join the
  54 gathering, get in touch.</p>
  55
  56 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  57 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  58 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
  59 </div>
  60       <div class="tags">
  61
  62
  63         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc</a>.
  64
  65
  66       </div>
  67     </div>
  68     <div class="padding"></div>
  69
  70     <div class="entry">
  71       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/OpenSnitch_in_Debian_ready_for_prime_time.html">OpenSnitch in Debian ready for prime time</a></div>
  72       <div class="date">13th May 2023</div>
  73       <div class="body"><p>A bit delayed,
  74 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
  75 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> package in Debian now got the
  76 latest fixes ready for Debian Bookworm.  Because it depend on a
  77 package missing on some architectures, the autopkgtest check of the
  78 testing migration script did not understand that the tests were
  79 actually working, so the migration was delayed.  A bug in the package
  80 dependencies is also fixed, so those installing the firewall package
  81 (opensnitch) now also get the GUI admin tool (python3-opensnitch-ui)
  82 installed by default.  I am very grateful to Gustavo Iñiguez Goya for
  83 his work on getting the package ready for Debian Bookworm.</p>
  84
  85 <p>Armed with this package I have discovered some surprising
  86 connections from programs I believed were able to work completly
  87 offline, and it has already proven its worth, at least to me.  If you
  88 too want to get more familiar with the kind of programs using
  89 Internett connections on your machine, I recommend testing <tt>apt
  90 install opensnitch</tt> in Bookworm and see what you think.</p>
  91
  92 <p>The package is still not able to build its eBPF module within
  93 Debian.  Not sure how much work it would be to get it working, but
  94 suspect some kernel related packages need to be extended with more
  95 header files to get it working.</p>
  96
  97 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
  98 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
  99 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 100 </div>
 101       <div class="tags">
 102
 103
 104         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 105
 106
 107       </div>
 108     </div>
 109     <div class="padding"></div>
 110
 111     <div class="entry">
 112       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Speech_to_text__she_APTly_whispered__how_hard_can_it_be_.html">Speech to text, she APTly whispered, how hard can it be?</a></div>
 113       <div class="date">23rd April 2023</div>
 114       <div class="body"><p>While visiting a convention during Easter, it occurred to me that
 115 it would be great if I could have a digital Dictaphone with
 116 transcribing capabilities, providing me with texts to cut-n-paste into
 117 stuff I need to write.  The background is that long drives often bring
 118 up the urge to write on texts I am working on, which of course is out
 119 of the question while driving.  With the release of
 120 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/">OpenAI Whisper</a>, this
 121 seem to be within reach with Free Software, so I decided to give it a
 122 go.  OpenAI Whisper is a Linux based neural network system to read in
 123 audio files and provide text representation of the speech in that
 124 audio recording.  It handle multiple languages and according to its
 125 creators even can translate into a different language than the spoken
 126 one.  I have not tested the latter feature.  It can either use the CPU
 127 or a GPU with CUDA support.  As far as I can tell, CUDA in practice
 128 limit that feature to NVidia graphics cards.  I have few of those, as
 129 they do not work great with free software drivers, and have not tested
 130 the GPU option.  While looking into the matter, I did discover some
 131 work to provide CUDA support on non-NVidia GPUs, and some work with
 132 the library used by Whisper to port it to other GPUs, but have not
 133 spent much time looking into GPU support yet.  I've so far used an old
 134 X220 laptop as my test machine, and only transcribed using its
 135 CPU.</p>
 136
 137 <p>As it from a privacy standpoint is unthinkable to use computers
 138 under control of someone else (aka a "cloud" service) to transcribe
 139 ones thoughts and personal notes, I want to run the transcribing
 140 system locally on my own computers.  The only sensible approach to me
 141 is to make the effort I put into this available for any Linux user and
 142 to upload the needed packages into Debian.  Looking at Debian Bookworm, I
 143 discovered that only three packages were missing,
 144 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034307">tiktoken</a>,
 145 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034144">triton</a>, and
 146 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034091">openai-whisper</a>.  For a while
 147 I also believed
 148 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1034286">ffmpeg-python</a> was
 149 needed, but as its
 150 <a href="https://github.com/kkroening/ffmpeg-python/issues/760">upstream
 151 seem to have vanished</a> I found it safer
 152 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1242">to rewrite
 153 whisper</a> to stop depending on in than to introduce ffmpeg-python
 154 into Debian.  I decided to place these packages under the umbrella of
 155 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team">the Debian Deep
 156 Learning Team</a>, which seem like the best team to look after such
 157 packages.  Discussing the topic within the group also made me aware
 158 that the triton package was already a future dependency of newer
 159 versions of the torch package being planned, and would be needed after
 160 Bookworm is released.</p>
 161
 162 <p>All required code packages have been now waiting in
 163 <a href="https://ftp-master.debian.org/new.html">the Debian NEW
 164 queue</a> since Wednesday, heading for Debian Experimental until
 165 Bookworm is released.  An unsolved issue is how to handle the neural
 166 network models used by Whisper.  The default behaviour of Whisper is
 167 to require Internet connectivity and download the model requested to
 168 <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt> on first invocation.  This obviously would
 169 fail <a href="https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html">the
 170 deserted island test of free software</a> as the Debian packages would
 171 be unusable for someone stranded with only the Debian archive and solar
 172 powered computer on a deserted island.</p>
 173
 174 <p>Because of this, I would love to include the models in the Debian
 175 mirror system.  This is problematic, as the models are very large
 176 files, which would put a heavy strain on the Debian mirror
 177 infrastructure around the globe.  The strain would be even higher if
 178 the models change often, which luckily as far as I can tell they do
 179 not.  The small model, which according to its creator is most useful
 180 for English and in my experience is not doing a great job there
 181 either, is 462 MiB (deb is 414 MiB).  The medium model, which to me
 182 seem to handle English speech fairly well is 1.5 GiB (deb is 1.3 GiB)
 183 and the large model is 2.9 GiB (deb is 2.6 GiB).  I would assume
 184 everyone with enough resources would prefer to use the large model for
 185 highest quality.  I believe the models themselves would have to go
 186 into the non-free part of the Debian archive, as they are not really
 187 including any useful source code for updating the models.  The
 188 "source", aka the model training set, according to the creators
 189 consist of "680,000 hours of multilingual and multitask supervised
 190 data collected from the web", which to me reads material with both
 191 unknown copyright terms, unavailable to the general public.  In other
 192 words, the source is not available according to the Debian Free
 193 Software Guidelines and the model should be considered non-free.</p>
 194
 195 <p>I asked the Debian FTP masters for advice regarding uploading a
 196 model package on their IRC channel, and based on the feedback there it
 197 is still unclear to me if such package would be accepted into the
 198 archive.  In any case I wrote build rules for a
 199 <a href="https://salsa.debian.org/deeplearning-team/openai-whisper-model">OpenAI
 200 Whisper model package</a> and
 201 <a href="https://github.com/openai/whisper/pull/1257">modified the
 202 Whisper code base</a> to prefer shared files under <tt>/usr/</tt> and
 203 <tt>/var/</tt> over user specific files in <tt>~/.cache/whisper/</tt>
 204 to be able to use these model packages, to prepare for such
 205 possibility.  One solution might be to include only one of the models
 206 (small or medium, I guess) in the Debian archive, and ask people to
 207 download the others from the Internet.  Not quite sure what to do
 208 here, and advice is most welcome (use the debian-ai mailing list).</p>
 209
 210 <p>To make it easier to test the new packages while I wait for them to
 211 clear the NEW queue, I created an APT source targeting bookworm.  I
 212 selected Bookworm instead of Bullseye, even though I know the latter
 213 would reach more users, is that some of the required dependencies are
 214 missing from Bullseye and I during this phase of testing did not want
 215 to backport a lot of packages just to get up and running.</p>
 216
 217 <p>Here is a recipe to run as user root if you want to test OpenAI
 218 Whisper using Debian packages on your Debian Bookworm installation,
 219 first adding the APT repository GPG key to the list of trusted keys,
 220 then setting up the APT repository and finally installing the packages
 221 and one of the models:</p>
 222
 223 <p><pre>
 224 curl https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/D78F5C4796F353D211B119E28200D9B589641240.asc \
 225   -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/pere-whisper.asc
 226 mkdir -p /etc/apt/sources.list.d
 227 cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pere-whisper.list &lt;&lt;EOF
 228 deb https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 229 deb-src https://geekbay.nuug.no/~pere/openai-whisper/ bookworm main
 230 EOF
 231 apt update
 232 apt install openai-whisper
 233 </pre></p>
 234
 235 <p>The package work for me, but have not yet been tested on any other
 236 computer than my own.  With it, I have been able to (badly) transcribe
 237 a 2 minute 40 second Norwegian audio clip to test using the small
 238 model.  This took 11 minutes and around 2.2 GiB of RAM.  Transcribing
 239 the same file with the medium model gave a accurate text in 77 minutes
 240 using around 5.2 GiB of RAM.  My test machine had too little memory to
 241 test the large model, which I believe require 11 GiB of RAM.  In
 242 short, this now work for me using Debian packages, and I hope it will
 243 for you and everyone else once the packages enter Debian.</p>
 244
 245 <p>Now I can start on the audio recording part of this project.</p>
 246
 247 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 248 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 249 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 250 </div>
 251       <div class="tags">
 252
 253
 254         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 255
 256
 257       </div>
 258     </div>
 259     <div class="padding"></div>
 260
 261     <div class="entry">
 262       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/rtlsdr_scanner__software_defined_radio_frequency_scanner_for_Linux____nice_free_software.html">rtlsdr-scanner, software defined radio frequency scanner for Linux  - nice free software</a></div>
 263       <div class="date"> 7th April 2023</div>
 264       <div class="body"><p>Today I finally found time to track down a useful radio frequency
 265 scanner for my software defined radio.  Just for fun I tried to locate
 266 the radios used in the areas, and a good start would be to scan all
 267 the frequencies to see what is in use.  I've tried to find a useful
 268 program earlier, but ran out of time before I managed to find a useful
 269 tool.  This time I was more successful, and after a few false leads I
 270 found a description of
 271 <a href="https://www.kali.org/tools/rtlsdr-scanner/">rtlsdr-scanner
 272 over at the Kali site</a>, and was able to track down
 273 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/rtlsdr-scanner.git">the
 274 Kali package git repository</a> to build a deb package for the
 275 scanner.  Sadly the package is missing from the Debian project itself,
 276 at least in Debian Bullseye.  Two runtime dependencies,
 277 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-visvis.git">python-visvis</a>
 278 and
 279 <a href="https://gitlab.com/kalilinux/packages/python-rtlsdr.git">python-rtlsdr</a>
 280 had to be built and installed separately.  Luckily '<tt>gbp
 281 buildpackage</tt>' handled them just fine and no further packages had
 282 to be manually built.  The end result worked out of the box after
 283 installation.</p>
 284
 285 <p>My initial scans for FM channels worked just fine, so I knew the
 286 scanner was functioning.  But when I tried to scan every frequency
 287 from 100 to 1000 MHz, the program stopped unexpectedly near the
 288 completion.  After some debugging I discovered USB software radio I
 289 used rejected frequencies above 948 MHz, triggering a unreported
 290 exception breaking the scan.  Changing the scan to end at 957 worked
 291 better.  I similarly found the lower limit to be around 15, and ended
 292 up with the following full scan:</p>
 293
 294 <p><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2023-04-07-radio-freq-scanning.png" width="100%"></a></p>
 295
 296 <p>Saving the scan did not work, but exporting it as a CSV file worked
 297 just fine.  I ended up with around 477k CVS lines with dB level for
 298 the given frequency.</p>
 299
 300 <p>The save failure seem to be a missing UTF-8 encoding issue in the
 301 python code.  Will see if I can find time to send a patch
 302 <a href="https://github.com/CdeMills/RTLSDR-Scanner/">upstream</a>
 303 later to fix this exception:</p>
 304
 305 <pre>
 306 Traceback (most recent call last):
 307   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 308     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 309   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 310     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 311 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 312 Traceback (most recent call last):
 313   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/main_window.py", line 485, in __on_save
 314     save_plot(fullName, self.scanInfo, self.spectrum, self.locations)
 315   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rtlsdr_scanner/file.py", line 408, in save_plot
 316     handle.write(json.dumps(data, indent=4))
 317 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
 318 </pre>
 319
 320 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 321 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 322 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 323 </div>
 324       <div class="tags">
 325
 326
 327         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software</a>.
 328
 329
 330       </div>
 331     </div>
 332     <div class="padding"></div>
 333
 334     <div class="entry">
 335       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/OpenSnitch_available_in_Debian_Sid_and_Bookworm.html">OpenSnitch available in Debian Sid and Bookworm</a></div>
 336       <div class="date">25th February 2023</div>
 337       <div class="body"><p>Thanks to the efforts of the OpenSnitch lead developer Gustavo
 338 Iñiguez Goya allowing me to sponsor the upload,
 339 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/opensnitch">the interactive
 340 application firewall OpenSnitch</a> is now available in Debian
 341 Testing, soon to become the next stable release of Debian.</p>
 342
 343 <p>This is a package which set up a network firewall on one or more
 344 machines, which is controlled by a graphical user interface that will
 345 ask the user if a program should be allowed to connect to the local
 346 network or the Internet.  If some background daemon is trying to dial
 347 home, it can be blocked from doing so with a simple mouse click, or by
 348 default simply by not doing anything when the GUI question dialog pop
 349 up.  A list of all programs discovered using the network is provided
 350 in the GUI, giving the user an overview of how the machine(s) programs
 351 use the network.</p>
 352
 353 <p>OpenSnitch was uploaded for NEW processing about a month ago, and I
 354 had little hope of it getting accepted and shaping up in time for the
 355 package freeze, but the Debian ftpmasters proved to be amazingly quick
 356 at checking out the package and it was accepted into the archive about
 357 week after the first upload.  It is now team maintained under the Go
 358 language team umbrella.  A few fixes to the default setup is only in
 359 Sid, and should migrate to Testing/Bookworm in a week.</p>
 360
 361 <p>During testing I ran into an
 362 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch/issues/813">issue
 363 with Minecraft server broadcasts disappearing</a>, which was quickly
 364 resolved by the developer with a patch and a proposed configuration
 365 change.  I've been told this was caused by the Debian packages default
 366 use if /proc/ information to track down kernel status, instead of the
 367 newer eBPF module that can be used.  The reason is simply that
 368 upstream and I have failed to find a way to build the eBPF modules for
 369 OpenSnitch without a complete configured Linux kernel source tree,
 370 which as far as we can tell is unavailable as a build dependency in
 371 Debian.  We tried unsuccessfully so far to use the kernel-headers
 372 package.  It would be great if someone could provide some clues how to
 373 build eBPF modules on build daemons in Debian, possibly without the full
 374 kernel source.</p>
 375
 376 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 377 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 378 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 379 </div>
 380       <div class="tags">
 381
 382
 383         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 384
 385
 386       </div>
 387     </div>
 388     <div class="padding"></div>
 389
 390     <div class="entry">
 391       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Is_the_desktop_recommending_your_program_for_opening_its_files_.html">Is the desktop recommending your program for opening its files?</a></div>
 392       <div class="date">29th January 2023</div>
 393       <div class="body"><p>Linux desktop systems
 394 <a href="https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">have
 395 standardized</a> how programs present themselves to the desktop
 396 system.  If a package include a .desktop file in
 397 /usr/share/applications/, Gnome, KDE, LXDE, Xfce and the other desktop
 398 environments will pick up the file and use its content to generate the
 399 menu of available programs in the system.  A lesser known fact is that
 400 a package can also explain to the desktop system how to recognize the
 401 files created by the program in question, and use it to open these
 402 files on request, for example via a GUI file browser.</p>
 403
 404 <p>A while back I ran into a package that did not tell the desktop
 405 system how to recognize its files and was not used to open its files
 406 in the file browser and fixed it.  In the process I wrote a simple
 407 debian/tests/ script to ensure the setup keep working.  It might be
 408 useful for other packages too, to ensure any future version of the
 409 package keep handling its own files.</p>
 410
 411 <p>For this to work the file format need a useful MIME type that can
 412 be used to identify the format.  If the file format do not yet have a
 413 MIME type, it should define one and preferably also
 414 <a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml">register
 415 it with IANA</a> to ensure the MIME type string is reserved.</p>
 416
 417 <p>The script uses the <tt>xdg-mime</tt> program from xdg-utils to
 418 query the database of standardized package information and ensure it
 419 return sensible values.  It also need the location of an example file
 420 for xdg-mime to guess the format of.</p>
 421
 422 <pre>
 423 #!/bin/sh
 424 #
 425 # Author: Petter Reinholdtsen
 426 # License: GPL v2 or later at your choice.
 427 #
 428 # Validate the MIME setup, making sure motor types have
 429 # application/vnd.openmotor+yaml associated with them and is connected
 430 # to the openmotor desktop file.
 431
 432 retval=0
 433
 434 mimetype="application/vnd.openmotor+yaml"
 435 testfile="test/data/real/o3100/motor.ric"
 436 mydesktopfile="openmotor.desktop"
 437
 438 filemime="$(xdg-mime query filetype "$testfile")"
 439
 440 if [ "$mimetype" != "$filemime" ] ; then
 441     retval=1
 442     echo "error: xdg-mime claim motor file MIME type is $filemine, not $mimetype"
 443 else
 444     echo "success: xdg-mime report correct mime type $mimetype for motor file"
 445 fi
 446
 447 desktop=$(xdg-mime query default "$mimetype")
 448
 449 if [ "$mydesktopfile" != "$desktop" ]; then
 450     retval=1
 451     echo "error: xdg-mime claim motor file should be handled by $desktop, not $mydesktopfile"
 452 else
 453     echo "success: xdg-mime agree motor file should be handled by $mydesktopfile"
 454 fi
 455
 456 exit $retval
 457 </pre>
 458
 459 <p>It is a simple way to ensure your users are not very surprised when
 460 they try to open one of your file formats in their file browser.</p>
 461
 462 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 463 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 464 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 465 </div>
 466       <div class="tags">
 467
 468
 469         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 470
 471
 472       </div>
 473     </div>
 474     <div class="padding"></div>
 475
 476     <div class="entry">
 477       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Opensnitch__the_application_level_interactive_firewall__heading_into_the_Debian_archive.html">Opensnitch, the application level interactive firewall, heading into the Debian archive</a></div>
 478       <div class="date">22nd January 2023</div>
 479       <div class="body"><p>While reading a
 480 <a href="https://sneak.berlin/20230115/macos-scans-your-local-files-now/">blog
 481 post claiming MacOS X recently started scanning local files and
 482 reporting information about them to Apple</a>, even on a machine where
 483 all such callback features had been disabled, I came across a
 484 description of the Little Snitch application for MacOS X.  It seemed
 485 like a very nice tool to have in the tool box, and I decided to see if
 486 something similar was available for Linux.</p>
 487
 488 <p>It did not take long to find
 489 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch">the OpenSnitch
 490 package</a>, which has been in development since 2017, and now is in
 491 version 1.5.0.  It has had a
 492 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/909567">request for Debian
 493 packaging</a> since 2018, but no-one completed the job so far.  Just
 494 for fun, I decided to see if I could help, and I was very happy to
 495 discover that
 496 <a href="https://github.com/evilsocket/opensnitch/issues/304">upstream
 497 want a Debian package too</a>.</p>
 498
 499 <p>After struggling a bit with getting the program to run, figuring
 500 out building Go programs (and a little failed detour to look at eBPF
 501 builds too - help needed), I am very happy to report that I am
 502 sponsoring upstream to maintain the package in Debian, and it has
 503 since this morning been waiting in NEW for the ftpmasters to have a
 504 look.  Perhaps it can get into the archive in time for the Bookworm
 505 release?</p>
 506
 507 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 508 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 509 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 510 </div>
 511       <div class="tags">
 512
 513
 514         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch</a>.
 515
 516
 517       </div>
 518     </div>
 519     <div class="padding"></div>
 520
 521     <div class="entry">
 522       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/LinuxCNC_MQTT_publisher_component.html">LinuxCNC MQTT publisher component</a></div>
 523       <div class="date"> 8th January 2023</div>
 524       <div class="body"><p>I watched <a href="https://yewtu.be/watch?v=jmKUV3aNLjk">a 2015
 525 video from Andreas Schiffler</a> the other day, where he set up
 526 <a href="https://linuxcnc.org/">LinuxCNC</a> to send status
 527 information to the MQTT broker IBM Bluemix.  As I also use MQTT for
 528 graphing, it occured to me that a generic MQTT LinuxCNC component
 529 would be useful and I set out to implement it.  Today I got the first
 530 draft limping along and submitted as
 531 <a href="https://github.com/LinuxCNC/linuxcnc/pull/2253">a patch to the
 532 LinuxCNC project</a>.</p>
 533
 534 <p>The simple part was setting up the MQTT publishing code in Python.
 535 I already have set up other parts submitting data to my Mosquito MQTT
 536 broker, so I could reuse that code.  Writing a LinuxCNC component in
 537 Python as new to me, but using existing examples in the code
 538 repository and the extensive documentation, this was fairly straight
 539 forward.  The hardest part was creating a automated test for the
 540 component to ensure it was working.  Testing it in a simulated
 541 LinuxCNC machine proved very useful, as I discovered features I needed
 542 that I had not thought of yet, and adjusted the code quite a bit to
 543 make it easier to test without a operational MQTT broker
 544 available.</p>
 545
 546 <p>The draft is ready and working, but I am unsure which LinuxCNC HAL
 547 pins I should collect and publish by default (in other words, the
 548 default set of information pieces published), and how to get the
 549 machine name from the LinuxCNC INI file.  The latter is a minor
 550 detail, but I expect it would be useful in a setup with several
 551 machines available.  I am hoping for feedback from the experienced
 552 LinuxCNC developers and users, to make the component even better
 553 before it can go into the mainland LinuxCNC code base.</p>
 554
 555 <p>Since I started on the MQTT component, I came across
 556 <a href="https://yewtu.be/watch?v=Bqa2grG0XtA">another video from Kent
 557 VanderVelden</a> where he combine LinuxCNC with a set of screen glasses
 558 controlled by a Raspberry Pi, and it occured to me that it would
 559 be useful for such use cases if LinuxCNC also provided a REST API for
 560 querying its status.  I hope to start on such component once the MQTT
 561 component is working well.</p>
 562
 563 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 564 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 565 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 566 </div>
 567       <div class="tags">
 568
 569
 570         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 571
 572
 573       </div>
 574     </div>
 575     <div class="padding"></div>
 576
 577     <div class="entry">
 578       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/ONVIF_IP_camera_management_tool_finally_in_Debian.html">ONVIF IP camera management tool finally in Debian</a></div>
 579       <div class="date">24th December 2022</div>
 580       <div class="body"><p>Merry Christmas to you all.  Here is a small gift to all those with
 581 IP cameras following the <a href="https://www.onvif.org/">ONVIF
 582 specification</a>.  There is finally a nice command line and GUI tool
 583 in Debian to manage ONVIF IP cameras.  After working with upstream for
 584 a few months and sponsoring the upload, I am very happy to report that
 585 the <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/libonvif">libonvif package</a>
 586 entered Debian Sid last night.</p>
 587
 588 <p>The package provide a C library to communicate with such cameras, a
 589 command line tool to locate and update settings of (like password) the
 590 cameras and a GUI tool to configure and control the units as well as
 591 preview the video from the camera.  Libonvif is available on Both
 592 Linux and Windows and the GUI tool uses the Qt library.  The main
 593 competitors are non-free software, while libonvif is GNU GPL licensed.
 594 I am very glad Debian users in the future can control their cameras
 595 using a free software system provided by Debian.  But the ONVIF world
 596 is full of slightly broken firmware, where the cameras pretend to
 597 follow the ONVIF specification but fail to set some configuration
 598 values or refuse to provide video to more than one recipient at the
 599 time, and the onvif project is quite young and might take a while
 600 before it completely work with your camera.  Upstream seem eager to
 601 improve the library, so handling any broken camera might be just <a
 602 href="https://github.com/sr99622/libonvif/">a bug report away</a>.</p>
 603
 604 <p>The package just cleared NEW, and need a new source only upload
 605 before it can enter testing.  This will happen in the next few
 606 days.</p>
 607
 608 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 609 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 610 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 611 </div>
 612       <div class="tags">
 613
 614
 615         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 616
 617
 618       </div>
 619     </div>
 620     <div class="padding"></div>
 621
 622     <div class="entry">
 623       <div class="title"><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Managing_and_using_ONVIF_IP_cameras_with_Linux.html">Managing and using ONVIF IP cameras with Linux</a></div>
 624       <div class="date">19th October 2022</div>
 625       <div class="body"><p>Recently I have been looking at how to control and collect data
 626 from a handful IP cameras using Linux.  I both wanted to change their
 627 settings and to make their imagery available via a free software
 628 service under my control.  Here is a summary of the tools I found.</p>
 629
 630 <p>First I had to identify the cameras and their protocols.  As far as
 631 I could tell, they were using some SOAP looking protocol and their
 632 internal web server seem to only work with Microsoft Internet Explorer
 633 with some proprietary binary plugin, which in these days of course is
 634 a security disaster and also made it impossible for me to use the
 635 camera web interface.  Luckily I discovered that the SOAP looking
 636 protocol is actually following <a href="https://www.onvif.org/">the
 637 ONVIF specification</a>, which seem to be supported by a lot of IP
 638 cameras these days.</p>
 639
 640 <p>Once the protocol was identified, I was able to find what appear to
 641 be the most popular way to configure ONVIF cameras, the free software
 642 Windows tool named
 643 <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/onvifdm/">ONVIF Device
 644 Manager</a>.  Lacking any other options at the time, I tried
 645 unsuccessfully to get it running using Wine, but was missing a dotnet
 646 40 library and I found no way around it to run it on Linux.</p>
 647
 648 <p>The next tool I found to configure the cameras were a non-free Linux Qt
 649 client <a href="https://www.lingodigit.com/onvif_nvcdemo.html">ONVIF
 650 Device Tool</a>.  I did not like its terms of use, so did not spend
 651 much time on it.</p>
 652
 653 <p>To collect the video and make it available in a web interface, I
 654 found the Zoneminder tool in Debian.  A recent version was able to
 655 automatically detect and configure ONVIF devices, so I could use it to
 656 set up motion detection in and collection of the camera output.  I had
 657 initial problems getting the ONVIF autodetection to work, as both
 658 Firefox and Chromium <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1001188">refused
 659 the inter-tab communication</a> being used by the Zoneminder web
 660 pages, but managed to get konqueror to work.  Apparently the "Enhanced
 661 Tracking Protection" in Firefox cause the problem.  I ended up
 662 upgrading to the Bookworm edition of Zoneminder in the process to try
 663 to fix the issue, and believe the problem might be solved now.</p>
 664
 665 <p>In the process I came across the nice Linux GUI tool
 666 <a href="https://gitlab.com/caspermeijn/onvifviewer/">ONVIF Viewer</a>
 667 allowing me to preview the camera output and validate the login
 668 passwords required.  Sadly its author has grown tired of maintaining
 669 the software, so it might not see any future updates.  Which is sad,
 670 as the viewer is sightly unstable and the picture tend to lock up.
 671 Note, this lockup might be due to limitations in the cameras and not
 672 the viewer implementation.  I suspect the camera is only able to
 673 provide pictures to one client at the time, and the Zoneminder feed
 674 might interfere with the GUI viewer.  I have
 675 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1000820">asked for the tool to be
 676 included in Debian</a>.</p>
 677
 678 <p>Finally, I found what appear to be very nice Linux free software
 679 replacement for the Windows tool, named
 680 <a href="https://github.com/sr99622/libonvif/">libonvif</a>.  It
 681 provide a C library to talk to ONVIF devices as well as a command line
 682 and GUI tool using the library.  Using the GUI tool I was able to change
 683 the admin passwords and update other settings of the cameras.  I have
 684 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/1021980">asked for the package to be
 685 included in Debian</a>.</p>
 686
 687 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 688 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 689 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 690
 691 <p><strong>Update 2022-10-20</strong>: Since my initial publication of
 692 this text, I got several suggestions for more free software Linux
 693 tools.  There is <a href="https://github.com/quatanium/python-onvif">a
 694 ONVIF python library</a> (already
 695 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/824240">requested into Debian</a>) and
 696 <a href="https://github.com/FalkTannhaeuser/python-onvif-zeep">a python 3
 697 fork</a> using a different SOAP dependency.  There is also
 698 <a href="https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/onvif/">support for
 699 ONVIF in Home Assistant</a>, and there is an alternative to Zoneminder
 700 called <a href="https://www.shinobi.video/">Shinobi</a>.  The latter
 701 two are not included in Debian either.  I have not tested any of these
 702 so far.</p>
 703 </div>
 704       <div class="tags">
 705
 706
 707         Tags: <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance</a>.
 708
 709
 710       </div>
 711     </div>
 712     <div class="padding"></div>
 713
 714     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 715     <div id="sidebar">
 716
 717
 718
 719 <h2>Archive</h2>
 720 <ul>
 721
 722 <li>2023
 723 <ul>
 724
 725 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 726
 727 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 728
 729 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 730
 731 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2023/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 732
 733 </ul></li>
 734
 735 <li>2022
 736 <ul>
 737
 738 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 739
 740 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 741
 742 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 743
 744 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 745
 746 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 747
 748 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 749
 750 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 751
 752 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2022/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 753
 754 </ul></li>
 755
 756 <li>2021
 757 <ul>
 758
 759 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 760
 761 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 762
 763 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 764
 765 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/06/">June (1)</a></li>
 766
 767 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 768
 769 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 770
 771 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 772
 773 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 774
 775 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2021/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 776
 777 </ul></li>
 778
 779 <li>2020
 780 <ul>
 781
 782 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 783
 784 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/03/">March (2)</a></li>
 785
 786 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 787
 788 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 789
 790 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 791
 792 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 793
 794 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 795
 796 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/10/">October (1)</a></li>
 797
 798 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2020/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 799
 800 </ul></li>
 801
 802 <li>2019
 803 <ul>
 804
 805 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 806
 807 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 808
 809 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 810
 811 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/05/">May (2)</a></li>
 812
 813 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 814
 815 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 816
 817 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 818
 819 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 820
 821 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/11/">November (1)</a></li>
 822
 823 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2019/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 824
 825 </ul></li>
 826
 827 <li>2018
 828 <ul>
 829
 830 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 831
 832 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 833
 834 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 835
 836 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 837
 838 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 839
 840 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (5)</a></li>
 841
 842 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 843
 844 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 845
 846 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 847
 848 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/11/">November (2)</a></li>
 849
 850 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 851
 852 </ul></li>
 853
 854 <li>2017
 855 <ul>
 856
 857 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 858
 859 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 860
 861 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 862
 863 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 864
 865 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 866
 867 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 868
 869 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 870
 871 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 872
 873 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 874
 875 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 876
 877 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 878
 879 </ul></li>
 880
 881 <li>2016
 882 <ul>
 883
 884 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 885
 886 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 887
 888 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 889
 890 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 891
 892 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 893
 894 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 895
 896 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 897
 898 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 899
 900 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 901
 902 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 903
 904 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 905
 906 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 907
 908 </ul></li>
 909
 910 <li>2015
 911 <ul>
 912
 913 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 914
 915 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 916
 917 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 918
 919 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 920
 921 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 922
 923 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 924
 925 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 926
 927 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 928
 929 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 930
 931 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 932
 933 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 934
 935 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 936
 937 </ul></li>
 938
 939 <li>2014
 940 <ul>
 941
 942 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 943
 944 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 945
 946 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 947
 948 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 949
 950 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 951
 952 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 953
 954 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 955
 956 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 957
 958 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 959
 960 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 961
 962 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 963
 964 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 965
 966 </ul></li>
 967
 968 <li>2013
 969 <ul>
 970
 971 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 972
 973 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 974
 975 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 976
 977 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 978
 979 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 980
 981 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 982
 983 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 984
 985 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 986
 987 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 988
 989 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 990
 991 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 992
 993 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 994
 995 </ul></li>
 996
 997 <li>2012
 998 <ul>
 999
1000 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1001
1002 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1003
1004 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1005
1006 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1007
1008 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1009
1010 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1011
1012 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1013
1014 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1015
1016 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1017
1018 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1019
1020 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1021
1022 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1023
1024 </ul></li>
1025
1026 <li>2011
1027 <ul>
1028
1029 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1030
1031 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1032
1033 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1034
1035 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1036
1037 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1038
1039 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1040
1041 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1042
1043 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1044
1045 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1046
1047 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1048
1049 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1050
1051 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1052
1053 </ul></li>
1054
1055 <li>2010
1056 <ul>
1057
1058 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1059
1060 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1061
1062 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1063
1064 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1065
1066 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1067
1068 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1069
1070 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1071
1072 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1073
1074 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1075
1076 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1077
1078 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1079
1080 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1081
1082 </ul></li>
1083
1084 <li>2009
1085 <ul>
1086
1087 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1096
1097 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1098
1099 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1100
1101 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1102
1103 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1104
1105 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1106
1107 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1108
1109 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1110
1111 </ul></li>
1112
1113 <li>2008
1114 <ul>
1115
1116 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1117
1118 <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1119
1120 </ul></li>
1121
1122 </ul>
1123
1124
1125
1126 <h2>Tags</h2>
1127 <ul>
1128
1129  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (19)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/betalkontant">betalkontant (9)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (12)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (192)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (159)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (9)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (11)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (18)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (30)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (448)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (14)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (34)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (20)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (43)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (23)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kodi">kodi (4)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (5)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/linuxcnc">linuxcnc (5)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/madewithcc">madewithcc (3)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1198
1199  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (45)</a></li>
1200
1201  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (14)</a></li>
1202
1203  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/noark5">noark5 (23)</a></li>
1204
1205  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (320)</a></li>
1206
1207  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (198)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (40)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opensnitch">opensnitch (3)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (75)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (114)</a></li>
1218
1219  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
1220
1221  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1222
1223  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1224
1225  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1226
1227  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (17)</a></li>
1228
1229  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1230
1231  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (7)</a></li>
1232
1233  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1234
1235  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (59)</a></li>
1236
1237  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1238
1239  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
1240
1241  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (74)</a></li>
1242
1243  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (7)</a></li>
1244
1245  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (14)</a></li>
1246
1247  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (64)</a></li>
1248
1249  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (5)</a></li>
1250
1251  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1252
1253  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
1254
1255  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (20)</a></li>
1256
1257  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (78)</a></li>
1258
1259  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1260
1261  <li><a href="https://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (42)</a></li>
1262
1263 </ul>
1264
1265
1266     </div>
1267     <p style="text-align: right">
1268  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1269 </p>
1270
1271   </body>
1272 </html>