blog/archive/2011/08/index.html

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   5   <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: entries from August 2011</title>
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  11
  12  <div class="title">
  13   <h1>
  14        <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16   </h1>
  17
  18  </div>
  19
  20  <p>Entries from August 2011.</p>
  21
  22
  23 <div class="entry">
  24  <div class="title">
  25  <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fin_minnemarkering_p___Stortinget_i_dag.html">Fin minnemarkering på Stortinget i dag</a>
  26  </div>
  27  <div class="date">
  28   2011-08-01 16:40
  29  </div>
  30
  31  <div class="body">
  32
  33 <p>Jeg hadde anledning, så jeg deltok på
  34 <a href="http://www.stortinget.no/no/Hva-skjer-pa-Stortinget/Nyhetsarkiv/Forsidenyheter/2010-2011/Minnemote-mandag-1-august-kl-12/">minnemarkeringen
  35 på Stortinget</a> i dag.  Det var en fin markering, og jeg likte talene.
  36 For meg er demokrati, åpenhet og humanitet fundert på frihet, som jeg
  37 håper vi alle vil bidra til å beskytte i tiden som kommer.  Jeg
  38 registrerer at det i Danmark
  39 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4189002.ece">diskuteres
  40 å redusere friheten</a>.  Vi bør vite bedre her i Norge.  Stoltenberg
  41 berørte retten til å feile, og den er nært knyttet til muligheten til
  42 å lykkes.  Begge deler krever at en har friheten til å prøve, og den
  43 er viktig i et samfunn.  Friheten til å prøve begrenses når kontroll
  44 innføres.</p>
  45
  46 <p>Det at noen av stolene i stortingssalen var tomme ga en litt
  47 uventet ramme til markeringen.  Jeg hadde regnet med at
  48 stortingsrepresentanter, regjeringsmedlemmer og kongehus til sammen
  49 ville fylle alle setene.  Vet ikke hvem som skulle sittet der det var
  50 ledige plasser, men antar noen var opptatt andre steder.  Kanskje i
  51 begravelser, eller rett og slett var blitt drept (har ikke hørt at
  52 noen i Stortinget ble drept, men kan ha gått glipp av noe).  Det at
  53 noen manglet synes jeg illustrerte minnestundens poeng godt.  Vi
  54 mangler noen som skulle ha vært blant oss.  Det kan aldri gjøres om,
  55 og bør aldri glemmes.</p>
  56
  57  </div>
  58  <div class="tags">
  59
  60
  61
  62   Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
  63
  64  </div>
  65 </div>
  66  <div class="padding"></div>
  67
  68 <div class="entry">
  69  <div class="title">
  70  <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Fint_at_milit__ret_ikke_ble_aktivisert_22__juli.html">Fint at militæret ikke ble aktivisert 22. juli</a>
  71  </div>
  72  <div class="date">
  73   2011-08-02 09:35
  74  </div>
  75
  76  <div class="body">
  77
  78 <p>I <a href="http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/article518719.ece">gårdagens
  79 dagsavis</a> gjøres det et poeng av at Forsvarets spesialkommando ikke
  80 ble tatt i bruk da en rykket ut under aksjonene 22. juli.  Personlig
  81 må jeg innrømme at jeg et glad for at militæret ikke ble tatt i bruk,
  82 og ser ikke det som et problem slik journalisten legger opp til.
  83 Politi er trent opp til å forholde seg til sivile regler, mens
  84 militæret er trent opp til å forholde seg til militære regler.  For å
  85 si det litt flåsete, så skal politiet spørre først og skyte etterpå,
  86 mens militæret skal skyte først og spørre etterpå.  Jeg vil helst kun
  87 ha den første gjengen i aktiv operasjon blant sivile i Norge.</p>
  88
  89 <p>Ikke at jeg egentlig tror våre folk i militæret er mer skyteglade
  90 enn folk i politiet, men de er trent forskjellig og med forskjellig
  91 mål for treningen.  Politiet er trent på å operere blant sin egen
  92 sivilbefolkning, mens militære er trent på å operere blant fiendtlige
  93 tropper.  Jeg tror det er en vesentlig forskjell.</p>
  94
  95  </div>
  96  <div class="tags">
  97
  98
  99
 100   Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
 101
 102  </div>
 103 </div>
 104  <div class="padding"></div>
 105
 106 <div class="entry">
 107  <div class="title">
 108  <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_is_booting_into_runlevel_1_different_from_single_user_boots_.html">How is booting into runlevel 1 different from single user boots?</a>
 109  </div>
 110  <div class="date">
 111   2011-08-04 12:40
 112  </div>
 113
 114  <div class="body">
 115
 116 <p>Wouter Verhelst have some
 117 <a href="http://grep.be/blog/en/retorts/pere_kubuntu_boot">interesting
 118 comments and opinions</a> on my blog post on
 119 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_should_start_from__etc_rcS_d__in_Debian____almost_nothing.html">the
 120 need to clean up /etc/rcS.d/ in Debian</a> and my blog post about
 121 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_missing_in_the_Debian_desktop__or_why_my_parents_use_Kubuntu.html">the
 122 default KDE desktop in Debian</a>.  I only have time to address one
 123 small piece of his comment now, and though it best to address the
 124 misunderstanding he bring forward:</p>
 125
 126 <p><blockquote>
 127 Currently, a system admin has four options: [...] boot to a
 128 single-user system (by adding 'single' to the kernel command line;
 129 this runs rcS and rc1 scripts)
 130 </blockquote></p>
 131
 132 <p>This make me believe Wouter believe booting into single user mode
 133 and booting into runlevel 1 is the same.  I am not surprised he
 134 believe this, because it would make sense and is a quite sensible
 135 thing to believe.  But because the boot in Debian is slightly broken,
 136 runlevel 1 do not work properly and it isn't the same as single user
 137 mode.  I'll try to explain what is actually happing, but it is a bit
 138 hard to explain.</p>
 139
 140 <p>Single user mode is defined like this in /etc/inittab:
 141 "<tt>~~:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin</tt>".  This means the only thing that is
 142 executed in single user mode is sulogin.  Single user mode is a boot
 143 state "between" the runlevels, and when booting into single user mode,
 144 only the scripts in /etc/rcS.d/ are executed before the init process
 145 enters the single user state.  When switching to runlevel 1, the state
 146 is in fact not ending in runlevel 1, but it passes through runlevel 1
 147 and end up in the single user mode (see /etc/rc1.d/S03single, which
 148 runs "init -t1 S" to switch to single user mode at the end of runlevel
 149 1.  It is confusing that the 'S' (single user) init mode is not the
 150 mode enabled by /etc/rcS.d/ (which is more like the initial boot
 151 mode).</p>
 152
 153 <p>This summary might make it clearer.  When booting for the first
 154 time into single user mode, the following commands are executed:
 155 "<tt>/etc/init.d/rc S; /sbin/sulogin</tt>".  When booting into
 156 runlevel 1, the following commands are executed: "<tt>/etc/init.d/rc
 157 S; /etc/init.d/rc 1; /sbin/sulogin</tt>".  A problem show up when
 158 trying to continue after visiting single user mode.  Not all services
 159 are started again as they should, causing the machine to end up in an
 160 unpredicatble state.  This is why Debian admins recommend rebooting
 161 after visiting single user mode.</p>
 162
 163 <p>A similar problem with runlevel 1 is caused by the amount of
 164 scripts executed from /etc/rcS.d/.  When switching from say runlevel 2
 165 to runlevel 1, the services started from /etc/rcS.d/ are not properly
 166 stopped when passing through the scripts in /etc/rc1.d/, and not
 167 started again when switching away from runlevel 1 to the runlevels
 168 2-5.  I believe the problem is best fixed by moving all the scripts
 169 out of /etc/rcS.d/ that are not <strong>required</strong> to get a
 170 functioning single user mode during boot.</p>
 171
 172 <p>I have spent several years investigating the Debian boot system,
 173 and discovered this problem a few years ago.  I suspect it originates
 174 from when sysvinit was introduced into Debian, a long time ago.</p>
 175
 176  </div>
 177  <div class="tags">
 178
 179
 180
 181   Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 182
 183  </div>
 184 </div>
 185  <div class="padding"></div>
 186
 187  <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="08.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14"></a></p>
 188
 189
 190
 191 <div id="sidebar">
 192
 193 <h2>Archive</h2>
 194 <ul>
 195
 196 <li>2011
 197 <ul>
 198
 199 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 200
 201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 202
 203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 204
 205 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 206
 207 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 208
 209 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 210
 211 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 212
 213 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 214
 215 </ul></li>
 216
 217 <li>2010
 218 <ul>
 219
 220 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 221
 222 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 223
 224 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 225
 226 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 227
 228 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 229
 230 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 231
 232 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 233
 234 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 235
 236 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 237
 238 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 239
 240 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 241
 242 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 243
 244 </ul></li>
 245
 246 <li>2009
 247 <ul>
 248
 249 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 250
 251 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 252
 253 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 254
 255 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 256
 257 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 258
 259 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 260
 261 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 262
 263 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 264
 265 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 266
 267 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 268
 269 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 270
 271 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 272
 273 </ul></li>
 274
 275 <li>2008
 276 <ul>
 277
 278 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 279
 280 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 281
 282 </ul></li>
 283
 284 </ul>
 285
 286
 287
 288 <h2>Tags</h2>
 289 <ul>
 290
 291  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
 292
 293  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 294
 295  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 296
 297  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (2)</a></li>
 298
 299  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
 300
 301  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (53)</a></li>
 302
 303  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (64)</a></li>
 304
 305  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (7)</a></li>
 306
 307  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (95)</a></li>
 308
 309  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (12)</a></li>
 310
 311  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (11)</a></li>
 312
 313  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (10)</a></li>
 314
 315  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (15)</a></li>
 316
 317  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
 318
 319  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (4)</a></li>
 320
 321  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 322
 323  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (13)</a></li>
 324
 325  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (131)</a></li>
 326
 327  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (118)</a></li>
 328
 329  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 330
 331  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (21)</a></li>
 332
 333  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (42)</a></li>
 334
 335  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 336
 337  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
 338
 339  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (4)</a></li>
 340
 341  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 342
 343  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (23)</a></li>
 344
 345  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (3)</a></li>
 346
 347  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (24)</a></li>
 348
 349  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (1)</a></li>
 350
 351  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (2)</a></li>
 352
 353  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (9)</a></li>
 354
 355  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (20)</a></li>
 356
 357  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (1)</a></li>
 358
 359  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (16)</a></li>
 360
 361 </ul>
 362
 363 </div>
 364 </body>
 365 </html>