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  13  <h1>
  14      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  15
  16  </h1>
  17
  18 </div>
  19
  20
  21
  22     <div class="entry">
  23       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/The_life_and_death_of_a_laptop_battery.html">The life and death of a laptop battery</a></div>
  24       <div class="date">24th September 2015</div>
  25       <div class="body"><p>When I get a new laptop, the battery life time at the start is OK.
  26 But this do not last.  The last few laptops gave me a feeling that
  27 within a year, the life time is just a fraction of what it used to be,
  28 and it slowly become painful to use the laptop without power connected
  29 all the time.  Because of this, when I got a new Thinkpad X230 laptop
  30 about two years ago, I decided to monitor its battery state to have
  31 more hard facts when the battery started to fail.</p>
  32
  33 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-24-laptop-battery-graph.png"/>
  34
  35 <p>First I tried to find a sensible Debian package to record the
  36 battery status, assuming that this must be a problem already handled
  37 by someone else.  I found
  38 <a href="https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/battery-stats">battery-stats</a>,
  39 which collects statistics from the battery, but it was completely
  40 broken.  I sent a few suggestions to the maintainer, but decided to
  41 write my own collector as a shell script while I waited for feedback
  42 from him.  Via
  43 <a href="http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html">a
  44 blog post about the battery development on a MacBook Air</a> I also
  45 discovered
  46 <a href="https://github.com/jradavenport/batlog.git">batlog</a>, not
  47 available in Debian.</p>
  48
  49 <p>I started my collector 2013-07-15, and it has been collecting
  50 battery stats ever since. Now my
  51 /var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log file contain around 115,000
  52 measurements, from the time the battery was working great until now,
  53 when it is unable to charge above 7% of original capasity.  My
  54 colletor shell script is quite simple and look like this:</p>
  55
  56 <pre>
  57 #!/bin/sh
  58 # Inspired by
  59 # http://www.ifweassume.com/2013/08/the-de-evolution-of-my-laptop-battery.html
  60 # See also
  61 # http://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2013/01/02/debian-how-to-monitor-battery-capacity/
  62 logfile=/var/log/hjemmenett-battery-status.log
  63
  64 files="manufacturer model_name technology serial_number \
  65     energy_full energy_full_design energy_now cycle_count status"
  66
  67 if [ ! -e "$logfile" ] ; then
  68     (
  69         printf "timestamp,"
  70         for f in $files; do
  71             printf "%s," $f
  72         done
  73         echo
  74     ) > "$logfile"
  75 fi
  76
  77 log_battery() {
  78     # Print complete message in one echo call, to avoid race condition
  79     # when several log processes run in parallell.
  80     msg=$(printf "%s," $(date +%s); \
  81         for f in $files; do \
  82             printf "%s," $(cat $f); \
  83         done)
  84     echo "$msg"
  85 }
  86
  87 cd /sys/class/power_supply
  88
  89 for bat in BAT*; do
  90     (cd $bat && log_battery >> "$logfile")
  91 done
  92 </pre>
  93
  94 <p>The script is called when the power management system detect a
  95 change in the power status (power plug in or out), and when going into
  96 and out of hibernation and suspend.  In addition, it collect a value
  97 every 10 minutes.  This make it possible for me know when the battery
  98 is discharging, charging and how the maximum charge change over time.
  99 The code for the Debian package
 100 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/battery-status">is now
 101 available on github</a>.</p>
 102
 103 <p>The collected log file look like this:</p>
 104
 105 <pre>
 106 timestamp,manufacturer,model_name,technology,serial_number,energy_full,energy_full_design,energy_now,cycle_count,status,
 107 1376591133,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,62800000,62160000,39050000,0,Discharging,
 108 [...]
 109 1443090528,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 110 1443090601,LGC,45N1025,Li-ion,974,4900000,62160000,4900000,0,Full,
 111 </pre>
 112
 113 <p>I wrote a small script to create a graph of the charge development
 114 over time.  This graph depicted above show the slow death of mylaptop
 115 battery.</p>
 116
 117 <p>But why is this happening?  Why are my laptop batteries always
 118 dying in a year or two, while the batteries of space probes and
 119 satellites keep working year after year.  If we are to believe
 120 <a href="http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries">Battery
 121 University</a>, the cause is me charging the battery whenever I have a
 122 chance, and the fix is to not charge the Lithium-ion batteries to 100%
 123 all the time, but to stay below 90% of full charge most of the time.
 124 I've been told that the Tesla electric cars
 125 <a href="http://my.teslamotors.com/de_CH/forum/forums/battery-charge-limit">limit
 126 the charge of their batteries to 80%</a>, with the option to charge to
 127 100% when preparing for a longer trip (not that I would want a car
 128 like Tesla where rights to privacy is abandoned, but that is another
 129 story), which I guess is the option we should have for laptops on
 130 Linux too.</p>
 131
 132 <p>Is there a good and generic way with Linux to tell the battery to
 133 stop charging at 80%, unless requested to charge to 100% once in
 134 preparation for a longer trip?  I found
 135 <a href="http://askubuntu.com/questions/34452/how-can-i-limit-battery-charging-to-80-capacity">one
 136 recipe on askubuntu for Ubuntu to limit charging on Thinkpad to
 137 80%</a>, but could not get it to work (kernel module refused to
 138 load).</p>
 139
 140 <p>I wonder why the battery capacity was reported to be more than 100%
 141 at the start.  I also wonder why the "full capacity" increases some
 142 times, and if it is possible to repeat the process to get the battery
 143 back to design capacity.  And I wonder if the discharge and charge
 144 speed change over time, or if this stay the same.  I did not yet try
 145 to write a tool to calculate the derivative values of the battery
 146 level, but suspect some interesting insights might be learned from
 147 those.</p>
 148 </div>
 149       <div class="tags">
 150
 151
 152         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 153
 154
 155       </div>
 156     </div>
 157     <div class="padding"></div>
 158
 159     <div class="entry">
 160       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Book_cover_for_the_Free_Culture_book_finally_done.html">Book cover for the Free Culture book finally done</a></div>
 161       <div class="date"> 3rd September 2015</div>
 162       <div class="body"><p>Creating a good looking book cover proved harder than I expected.
 163 I wanted to create a cover looking similar to the original cover of
 164 the
 165 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">Free
 166 Culture</a> book we are translating to Norwegian, and I wanted it in
 167 vector format for high resolution printing.  But my inkscape knowledge
 168 were not nearly good enough to pull that off.
 169
 170 <p>But thanks to the great inkscape community, I was able to wrap up
 171 the cover yesterday evening.  I asked on the
 172 <a href="irc://irc.freenode.net/%23inkscape">#inkscape IRC channel</a>
 173 on Freenode for help and clues, and Marc Jeanmougin (Mc-) volunteered
 174 to try to recreate it based on the PDF of the cover from the HTML
 175 version.  Not only did he create a
 176 <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/copy1.svg ">SVG document with
 177 the original and his vector version side by side</a>, he even provided
 178 an <a href="https://marc.jeanmougin.fr/share/out-1.ogv">instruction
 179 video</a> explaining how he did it</a>.  But the instruction video is
 180 not easy to follow for an untrained inkscape user. The video is a
 181 recording on how he did it, and he is obviously very experienced as
 182 the menu selections are very quick and he mentioned on IRC that he did
 183 use some keyboard shortcuts that can't be seen on the video, but it
 184 give a good idea about the inkscape operations to use to create the
 185 stripes with the embossed copyright sign in the center.</p>
 186
 187 <p>I took his SVG file, copied the vector image and re-sized it to fit
 188 on the cover I was drawing.  I am happy with the end result, and the
 189 current english version look like this:</p>
 190
 191 <img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-09-03-free-culture-cover.png" width="70%" align="center"/>
 192
 193 <p>I am not quite sure about the text on the back, but guess it will
 194 do.  I picked three quotes from the official site for the book, and
 195 hope it will work to trigger the interest of potential readers.  The
 196 Norwegian cover will look the same, but with the texts and bar code
 197 replaced with the Norwegian version.</p>
 198
 199 <p>The book is very close to being ready for publication, and I expect
 200 to upload the final draft to Lulu in the next few days and order a
 201 final proof reading copy to verify that everything look like it should
 202 before allowing everyone to order their own copy of Free Culture, in
 203 English or Norwegian Bokmål.  I'm waiting to give the the productive
 204 proof readers a chance to complete their work.</p>
 205 </div>
 206       <div class="tags">
 207
 208
 209         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 210
 211
 212       </div>
 213     </div>
 214     <div class="padding"></div>
 215
 216     <div class="entry">
 217       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/In_my_hand__a_pocket_book_edition_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_.html">In my hand, a pocket book edition of the Norwegian Free Culture book!</a></div>
 218       <div class="date">19th August 2015</div>
 219       <div class="body"><p>Today, finally, my first printed draft edition of the Norwegian
 220 translation of Free Culture I have been working on for the last few
 221 years arrived in the mail.  I had to fake a cover to get the interior
 222 printed, and the exterior of the book look awful, but that is
 223 irrelevant at this point.  I asked for a printed pocket book version
 224 to get an idea about the font sizes and paper format as well as how
 225 good the figures and images look in print, but also to test what the
 226 pocket book version would look like.  After receiving the 500 page
 227 pocket book, it became obvious to me that that pocket book size is too
 228 small for this book.  I believe the book is too thick, and several
 229 tables and figures do not look good in the size they get with that
 230 small page sizes.  I believe I will go with the 5.5x8.5 inch size
 231 instead.  A surprise discovery from the paper version was how bad the
 232 URLs look in print.  They are very hard to read in the colophon page.
 233 The URLs are red in the PDF, but light gray on paper.  I need to
 234 change the color of links somehow to look better.  But there is a
 235 printed book in my hand, and it feels great. :)</p>
 236
 237 <p>Now I only need to fix the cover, wrap up the postscript with the
 238 store behind the book, and collect the last corrections from the proof
 239 readers before the book is ready for proper printing.  Cover artists
 240 willing to work for free and create a Creative Commons licensed vector
 241 file looking similar to the original is most welcome, as my skills as
 242 a graphics designer are mostly missing.</p>
 243 </div>
 244       <div class="tags">
 245
 246
 247         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 248
 249
 250       </div>
 251     </div>
 252     <div class="padding"></div>
 253
 254     <div class="entry">
 255       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_paper_version_of_the_Norwegian_Free_Culture_book_heading_my_way.html">First paper version of the Norwegian Free Culture book heading my way</a></div>
 256       <div class="date"> 9th August 2015</div>
 257       <div class="body"><p>Typesetting a book is harder than I hoped.  As the translation is
 258 mostly done, and a volunteer proof reader was going to check the text
 259 on paper, it was time this summer to focus on formatting my translated
 260 <a href="http://www.docbook.org/">docbook</a> based version of the
 261 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture</a> book by Lawrence
 262 Lessig.  I've been trying to get both docboox-xsl+fop and dblatex to
 263 give me a good looking PDF, but in the end I went with dblatex, because
 264 its Debian maintainer and upstream developer were responsive and very
 265 helpful in solving my formatting challenges.</p>
 266
 267 <p>Last night, I finally managed to create a PDF that no longer made
 268 <a href="http://www.lulu.com/">Lulu.com</a> complain after uploading,
 269 and I ordered a text version of the book on paper.  It is lacking a
 270 proper book cover and is not tagged with the correct ISBN number, but
 271 should give me an idea what the finished book will look like.</p>
 272
 273 <p>Instead of using Lulu, I did consider printing the book using
 274 <a href="http://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace</a>, but ended up
 275 using Lulu because it had smaller book size options (CreateSpace seem
 276 to lack pocket book with extended distribution).  I looked for a
 277 similar service in Norway, but have not seen anything so far.  Please
 278 let me know if I am missing out on something here.</p>
 279
 280 <p>But I still struggle to decide the book size.  Should I go for
 281 pocket book (4.25x6.875 inches / 10.8x17.5 cm) with 556 pages, Digest
 282 (5.5x8.5 inches / 14x21.6 cm) with 323 pages or US Trade (6x8 inches /
 283 15.3x22.9 cm) with 280 pages?  Fewer pager give a cheaper book, and a
 284 smaller book is easier to carry around.  The test book I ordered was
 285 pocket book sized, to give me an idea how well that fit in my hand,
 286 but I suspect I will end up using a digest sized book in the end to
 287 bring the prize down further.</p>
 288
 289 <p>My biggest challenge at the moment is making nice cover art.  My
 290 inkscape skills are not yet up to the task of replicating the original
 291 cover in SVG format.  I also need to figure out what to write about
 292 the book on the back (will most likely use the same text as the
 293 description on web based book stores).  I would love help with this,
 294 if you are willing to license the art source and final version using
 295 the same CC license as the book.  My artistic skills are not really up
 296 to the task.</p>
 297
 298 <p>I plan to publish the book in both English and Norwegian and on
 299 paper, in PDF form as well as EPUB and MOBI format.  The current
 300 status can as usual be found on
 301 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">github</a>
 302 in the archive/ directory.  So far I have spent all time on making the
 303 PDF version look good.  Someone should probably do the same with the
 304 dbtoepub generated e-book.  Help is definitely needed here, as I
 305 expect to run out of steem before I find time to improve the epub
 306 formatting.</p>
 307
 308 <p>Please let me know via github if you find typos in the book or
 309 discover translations that should be improved.  The final proof
 310 reading is being done right now, and I expect to publish the finished
 311 result in a few months.</p>
 312 </div>
 313       <div class="tags">
 314
 315
 316         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 317
 318
 319       </div>
 320     </div>
 321     <div class="padding"></div>
 322
 323     <div class="entry">
 324       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Typesetting_DocBook_footnotes_as_endnotes_with_dblatex.html">Typesetting DocBook footnotes as endnotes with dblatex</a></div>
 325       <div class="date">16th July 2015</div>
 326       <div class="body"><p>I'm still working on the Norwegian version of the
 327 <a href="http://free-culture.cc/">Free Culture book by Lawrence
 328 Lessig</a>, and is now working on the final typesetting and layout.
 329 One of the features I want to get the structure similar to the
 330 original book is to typeset the footnotes as endnotes in the notes
 331 chapter.  Based on the
 332 <a href="https://bugs.debian.org/685063">feedback from the Debian
 333 maintainer and the dblatex developer</a>, I came up with this recipe I
 334 would like to share with you.  The proposal was to create a new LaTeX
 335 class file and add the LaTeX code there, but this is not always
 336 practical, when I want to be able to replace the class using a make
 337 file variable.  So my proposal misuses the latex.begindocument XSL
 338 parameter value, to get a small fragment into the correct location in
 339 the generated LaTeX File.</p>
 340
 341 <p>First, decide where in the DocBook document to place the endnotes,
 342 and add this text there:</p>
 343
 344 <pre>
 345 &lt;?latex \theendnotes ?&gt;
 346 </pre>
 347
 348 <p>Next, create a xsl stylesheet file dblatex-endnotes.xsl to add the
 349 code needed to add the endnote instructions in the preamble of the
 350 generated LaTeX document, with content like this:</p>
 351
 352 <pre>
 353 &lt;?xml version='1.0'?&gt;
 354 &lt;xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version='1.0'&gt;
 355   &lt;xsl:param name="latex.begindocument"&gt;
 356     &lt;xsl:text&gt;
 357 \usepackage{endnotes}
 358 \let\footnote=\endnote
 359 \def\enoteheading{\mbox{}\par\vskip-\baselineskip }
 360 \begin{document}
 361     &lt;/xsl:text&gt;
 362   &lt;/xsl:param&gt;
 363 &lt;/xsl:stylesheet&gt;
 364 </pre>
 365
 366 <p>Finally, load this xsl file when running dblatex, for example like
 367 this:</p>
 368
 369 <pre>
 370 dblatex --xsl-user=dblatex-endnotes.xsl freeculture.nb.xml
 371 </pre>
 372
 373 <p>The end result can be seen on github, where
 374 <a href="https://github.com/petterreinholdtsen/free-culture-lessig">my
 375 book project</a> is located.</p>
 376 </div>
 377       <div class="tags">
 378
 379
 380         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture</a>.
 381
 382
 383       </div>
 384     </div>
 385     <div class="padding"></div>
 386
 387     <div class="entry">
 388       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Mimes_br_nn__norsk_utgave_av_Alaveteli___WhatDoTheyKnow__endelig_lansert.html">Mimes brønn, norsk utgave av Alaveteli / WhatDoTheyKnow, endelig lansert</a></div>
 389       <div class="date"> 9th July 2015</div>
 390       <div class="body"><p>I går fikk vi endelig lansert en norsk version av mySocietys
 391 <a href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/">WhatDoTheyKnow</a>.
 392 Tjenesten heter Mimes brønn, og ble
 393 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/news/NUUG_lanserer_innsynstjenesten_Mimes_Br_nn.shtml">annonsert
 394 av NUUG</a> via blogg, epost og twitter til NUUG-assosierte personer.
 395 Det har tatt noen år, men de siste dagene fikk vi endelig tid til å få
 396 på plass de siste bitene.  Vi er to, Gorm og meg selv, som har vært
 397 primus motor for det hele, men vi har fått hjelp med oversettelser og
 398 oppsett fra mange flere.  Jeg vil si tusen takk til hver og en av dem,
 399 og er veldig fornøyd med at vi klarte å få tjenesten opp å kjøre før
 400 ferietiden slo inn for fullt.</p>
 401
 402 <p>Vi er usikker på hvor mye belastning den virtuelle maskinen der
 403 tjenesten kjører klarer, så vi har lansert litt i det stille og ikke
 404 til for mange folk for å se hvordan maskinen klarer seg over sommeren,
 405 før vi går mer aktivt ut og annonserer til høsten.  Ta en titt, og se
 406 om du kanskje har et spørsmål til det offentlige som er egnet å sende
 407 inn via Mimes brønn.</p>
 408
 409 <p>Hvis du lurer på hva i alle dager en slik tjenestes kan brukes til,
 410 anbefaler jeg deg å se
 411 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/625321">TED-foredraget til
 412 Heather Brook</a> om hvordan hun brukte WhatDoTheyKnow til å lære
 413 hvordan offentlige midler ble misbrukt.  Det er en inspirerende
 414 historie.</p>
 415 </div>
 416       <div class="tags">
 417
 418
 419         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn</a>.
 420
 421
 422       </div>
 423     </div>
 424     <div class="padding"></div>
 425
 426     <div class="entry">
 427       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MPEG_LA_on__Internet_Broadcast_AVC_Video__licensing_and_non_private_use.html">MPEG LA on "Internet Broadcast AVC Video" licensing and non-private use</a></div>
 428       <div class="date"> 7th July 2015</div>
 429       <div class="body"><p>After asking the Norwegian Broadcasting Company (NRK)
 430 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Hva_gj_r_at_NRK_kan_distribuere_H_264_video_uten_patentavtale_med_MPEG_LA_.html">why
 431 they can broadcast and stream H.264 video without an agreement with
 432 the MPEG LA</a>, I was wiser, but still confused.  So I asked MPEG LA
 433 if their understanding matched that of NRK.  As far as I can tell, it
 434 does not.</p>
 435
 436 <p>I started by asking for more information about the various
 437 licensing classes and what exactly is covered by the "Internet
 438 Broadcast AVC Video" class that NRK pointed me at to explain why NRK
 439 did not need a license for streaming H.264 video:
 440
 441 <p><blockquote>
 442
 443 <p>According to
 444 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/226/n-10-02-02.pdf">a
 445 MPEG LA press release dated 2010-02-02</a>, there is no charge when
 446 using MPEG AVC/H.264 according to the terms of "Internet Broadcast AVC
 447 Video".  I am trying to understand exactly what the terms of "Internet
 448 Broadcast AVC Video" is, and wondered if you could help me.  What
 449 exactly is covered by these terms, and what is not?</p>
 450
 451 <p>The only source of more information I have been able to find is a
 452 PDF named
 453 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/avc/Documents/avcweb.pdf">AVC
 454 Patent Portfolio License Briefing</a>, which states this about the
 455 fees:</p>
 456
 457 <ul>
 458  <li>Where End User pays for AVC Video
 459   <ul>
 460    <li>Subscription (not limited by title) – 100,000 or fewer
 461      subscribers/yr = no royalty; &gt; 100,000 to 250,000 subscribers/yr =
 462      $25,000; &gt;250,000 to 500,000 subscribers/yr = $50,000; &gt;500,000 to
 463      1M subscribers/yr = $75,000; &gt;1M subscribers/yr = $100,000</li>
 464
 465    <li>Title-by-Title - 12 minutes or less = no royalty; &gt;12 minutes in
 466      length = lower of (a) 2% or (b) $0.02 per title</li>
 467   </ul></li>
 468
 469  <li>Where remuneration is from other sources
 470   <ul>
 471    <li>Free Television - (a) one-time $2,500 per transmission encoder or
 472      (b) annual fee starting at $2,500 for &gt; 100,000 HH rising to
 473      maximum $10,000 for &gt;1,000,000 HH</li>
 474
 475    <li>Internet Broadcast AVC Video (not title-by-title, not subscription)
 476      – no royalty for life of the AVC Patent Portfolio License</li>
 477   </ul></li>
 478 </ul>
 479
 480 <p>Am I correct in assuming that the four categories listed is the
 481 categories used when selecting licensing terms, and that "Internet
 482 Broadcast AVC Video" is the category for things that do not fall into
 483 one of the other three categories?  Can you point me to a good source
 484 explaining what is ment by "title-by-title" and "Free Television" in
 485 the license terms for AVC/H.264?</p>
 486
 487 <p>Will a web service providing H.264 encoded video content in a
 488 "video on demand" fashing similar to Youtube and Vimeo, where no
 489 subscription is required and no payment is required from end users to
 490 get access to the videos, fall under the terms of the "Internet
 491 Broadcast AVC Video", ie no royalty for life of the AVC Patent
 492 Portfolio license?  Does it matter if some users are subscribed to get
 493 access to personalized services?</p>
 494
 495 <p>Note, this request and all answers will be published on the
 496 Internet.</p>
 497 </blockquote></p>
 498
 499 <p>The answer came quickly from Benjamin J. Myers, Licensing Associate
 500 with the MPEG LA:</p>
 501
 502 <p><blockquote>
 503 <p>Thank you for your message and for your interest in MPEG LA.  We
 504 appreciate hearing from you and I will be happy to assist you.</p>
 505
 506 <p>As you are aware, MPEG LA offers our AVC Patent Portfolio License
 507 which provides coverage under patents that are essential for use of
 508 the AVC/H.264 Standard (MPEG-4 Part 10).  Specifically, coverage is
 509 provided for end products and video content that make use of AVC/H.264
 510 technology.  Accordingly, the party offering such end products and
 511 video to End Users concludes the AVC License and is responsible for
 512 paying the applicable royalties.</p>
 513
 514 <p>Regarding Internet Broadcast AVC Video, the AVC License generally
 515 defines such content to be video that is distributed to End Users over
 516 the Internet free-of-charge.  Therefore, if a party offers a service
 517 which allows users to upload AVC/H.264 video to its website, and such
 518 AVC Video is delivered to End Users for free, then such video would
 519 receive coverage under the sublicense for Internet Broadcast AVC
 520 Video, which is not subject to any royalties for the life of the AVC
 521 License.  This would also apply in the scenario where a user creates a
 522 free online account in order to receive a customized offering of free
 523 AVC Video content.  In other words, as long as the End User is given
 524 access to or views AVC Video content at no cost to the End User, then
 525 no royalties would be payable under our AVC License.</p>
 526
 527 <p>On the other hand, if End Users pay for access to AVC Video for a
 528 specific period of time (e.g., one month, one year, etc.), then such
 529 video would constitute Subscription AVC Video.  In cases where AVC
 530 Video is delivered to End Users on a pay-per-view basis, then such
 531 content would constitute Title-by-Title AVC Video.  If a party offers
 532 Subscription or Title-by-Title AVC Video to End Users, then they would
 533 be responsible for paying the applicable royalties you noted below.</p>
 534
 535 <p>Finally, in the case where AVC Video is distributed for free
 536 through an "over-the-air, satellite and/or cable transmission", then
 537 such content would constitute Free Television AVC Video and would be
 538 subject to the applicable royalties.</p>
 539
 540 <p>For your reference, I have attached
 541 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2015-07-07-mpegla.pdf">a
 542 .pdf copy of the AVC License</a>. You will find the relevant
 543 sublicense information regarding AVC Video in Sections 2.2 through
 544 2.5, and the corresponding royalties in Section 3.1.2 through 3.1.4.
 545 You will also find the definitions of Title-by-Title AVC Video,
 546 Subscription AVC Video, Free Television AVC Video, and Internet
 547 Broadcast AVC Video in Section 1 of the License.  Please note that the
 548 electronic copy is provided for informational purposes only and cannot
 549 be used for execution.</p>
 550
 551 <p>I hope the above information is helpful.  If you have additional
 552 questions or need further assistance with the AVC License, please feel
 553 free to contact me directly.</p>
 554 </blockquote></p>
 555
 556 <p>Having a fresh copy of the license text was useful, and knowing
 557 that the definition of Title-by-Title required payment per title made
 558 me aware that my earlier understanding of that phrase had been wrong.
 559 But I still had a few questions:</p>
 560
 561 <p><blockquote>
 562 <p>I have a small followup question.  Would it be possible for me to get
 563 a license with MPEG LA even if there are no royalties to be paid?  The
 564 reason I ask, is that some video related products have a copyright
 565 clause limiting their use without a license with MPEG LA.  The clauses
 566 typically look similar to this:
 567
 568 <p><blockquote>
 569   This product is licensed under the AVC patent portfolio license for
 570   the personal and non-commercial use of a consumer to (a) encode
 571   video in compliance with the AVC standard ("AVC video") and/or (b)
 572   decode AVC video that was encoded by a consumer engaged in a
 573   personal and non-commercial activity and/or AVC video that was
 574   obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No
 575   license is granted or shall be implied for any other use. additional
 576   information may be obtained from MPEG LA L.L.C.
 577 </blockquote></p>
 578
 579 <p>It is unclear to me if this clause mean that I need to enter into
 580 an agreement with MPEG LA to use the product in question, even if
 581 there are no royalties to be paid to MPEG LA.  I suspect it will
 582 differ depending on the jurisdiction, and mine is Norway.  What is
 583 MPEG LAs view on this?</p>
 584 </blockquote></p>
 585
 586 <p>According to the answer, MPEG LA believe those using such tools for
 587 non-personal or commercial use need a license with them:</p>
 588
 589 <p><blockquote>
 590
 591 <p>With regard to the Notice to Customers, I would like to begin by
 592 clarifying that the Notice from Section 7.1 of the AVC License
 593 reads:</p>
 594
 595 <p>THIS PRODUCT IS LICENSED UNDER THE AVC PATENT PORTFOLIO LICENSE FOR
 596 THE PERSONAL USE OF A CONSUMER OR OTHER USES IN WHICH IT DOES NOT
 597 RECEIVE REMUNERATION TO (i) ENCODE VIDEO IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE AVC
 598 STANDARD ("AVC VIDEO") AND/OR (ii) DECODE AVC VIDEO THAT WAS ENCODED
 599 BY A CONSUMER ENGAGED IN A PERSONAL ACTIVITY AND/OR WAS OBTAINED FROM
 600 A VIDEO PROVIDER LICENSED TO PROVIDE AVC VIDEO. NO LICENSE IS GRANTED
 601 OR SHALL BE IMPLIED FOR ANY OTHER USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE
 602 OBTAINED FROM MPEG LA, L.L.C. SEE HTTP://WWW.MPEGLA.COM</p>
 603
 604 <p>The Notice to Customers is intended to inform End Users of the
 605 personal usage rights (for example, to watch video content) included
 606 with the product they purchased, and to encourage any party using the
 607 product for commercial purposes to contact MPEG LA in order to become
 608 licensed for such use (for example, when they use an AVC Product to
 609 deliver Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free Television or Internet
 610 Broadcast AVC Video to End Users, or to re-Sell a third party's AVC
 611 Product as their own branded AVC Product).</p>
 612
 613 <p>Therefore, if a party is to be licensed for its use of an AVC
 614 Product to Sell AVC Video on a Title-by-Title, Subscription, Free
 615 Television or Internet Broadcast basis, that party would need to
 616 conclude the AVC License, even in the case where no royalties were
 617 payable under the License.  On the other hand, if that party (either a
 618 Consumer or business customer) simply uses an AVC Product for their
 619 own internal purposes and not for the commercial purposes referenced
 620 above, then such use would be included in the royalty paid for the AVC
 621 Products by the licensed supplier.</p>
 622
 623 <p>Finally, I note that our AVC License provides worldwide coverage in
 624 countries that have AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, including
 625 Norway.</p>
 626
 627 <p>I hope this clarification is helpful.  If I may be of any further
 628 assistance, just let me know.</p>
 629 </blockquote></p>
 630
 631 <p>The mentioning of Norwegian patents made me a bit confused, so I
 632 asked for more information:</p>
 633
 634 <p><blockquote>
 635
 636 <p>But one minor question at the end.  If I understand you correctly,
 637 you state in the quote above that there are patents in the AVC Patent
 638 Portfolio that are valid in Norway.  This make me believe I read the
 639 list available from &lt;URL:
 640 <a href="http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx">http://www.mpegla.com/main/programs/AVC/Pages/PatentList.aspx</a>
 641 &gt; incorrectly, as I believed the "NO" prefix in front of patents
 642 were Norwegian patents, and the only one I could find under Mitsubishi
 643 Electric Corporation expired in 2012.  Which patents are you referring
 644 to that are relevant for Norway?</p>
 645
 646 </blockquote></p>
 647
 648 <p>Again, the quick answer explained how to read the list of patents
 649 in that list:</p>
 650
 651 <p><blockquote>
 652
 653 <p>Your understanding is correct that the last AVC Patent Portfolio
 654 Patent in Norway expired on 21 October 2012.  Therefore, where AVC
 655 Video is both made and Sold in Norway after that date, then no
 656 royalties would be payable for such AVC Video under the AVC License.
 657 With that said, our AVC License provides historic coverage for AVC
 658 Products and AVC Video that may have been manufactured or Sold before
 659 the last Norwegian AVC patent expired.  I would also like to clarify
 660 that coverage is provided for the country of manufacture and the
 661 country of Sale that has active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents.</p>
 662
 663 <p>Therefore, if a party offers AVC Products or AVC Video for Sale in
 664 a country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents (for example,
 665 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, etc.), then that party would still need
 666 coverage under the AVC License even if such products or video are
 667 initially made in a country without active AVC Patent Portfolio
 668 Patents (for example, Norway).  Similarly, a party would need to
 669 conclude the AVC License if they make AVC Products or AVC Video in a
 670 country with active AVC Patent Portfolio Patents, but eventually Sell
 671 such AVC Products or AVC Video in a country without active AVC Patent
 672 Portfolio Patents.</p>
 673 </blockquote></p>
 674
 675 <p>As far as I understand it, MPEG LA believe anyone using Adobe
 676 Premiere and other video related software with a H.264 distribution
 677 license need a license agreement with MPEG LA to use such tools for
 678 anything non-private or commercial, while it is OK to set up a
 679 Youtube-like service as long as no-one pays to get access to the
 680 content.  I still have no clear idea how this applies to Norway, where
 681 none of the patents MPEG LA is licensing are valid.  Will the
 682 copyright terms take precedence or can those terms be ignored because
 683 the patents are not valid in Norway?</p>
 684 </div>
 685       <div class="tags">
 686
 687
 688         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web</a>.
 689
 690
 691       </div>
 692     </div>
 693     <div class="padding"></div>
 694
 695     <div class="entry">
 696       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_laptop___some_more_clues_and_ideas_based_on_feedback.html">New laptop - some more clues and ideas based on feedback</a></div>
 697       <div class="date"> 5th July 2015</div>
 698       <div class="body"><p>Several people contacted me after my previous blog post about my
 699 need for a new laptop, and provided very useful feedback.  I wish to
 700 thank every one of these.  Several pointed me to the possibility of
 701 fixing my X230, and I am already in the process of getting Lenovo to
 702 do so thanks to the on site, next day support contract covering the
 703 machine.  But the battery is almost useless (I expect to replace it
 704 with a non-official battery) and I do not expect the machine to live
 705 for many more years, so it is time to plan its replacement.  If I did
 706 not have a support contract, it was suggested to find replacement parts
 707 using <a href="http://www.francecrans.com/">FrancEcrans</a>, but it
 708 might present a language barrier as I do not understand French.</p>
 709
 710 <p>One tip I got was to use the
 711 <a href="https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=nb">Skinflint</a> web service to
 712 compare laptop models.  It seem to have more models available than
 713 prisjakt.no.  Another tip I got from someone I know have similar
 714 keyboard preferences was that the HP EliteBook 840 keyboard is not
 715 very good, and this matches my experience with earlier EliteBook
 716 keyboards I tested.  Because of this, I will not consider it any further.
 717
 718 <p>When I wrote my blog post, I was not aware of Thinkpad X250, the
 719 newest Thinkpad X model.  The keyboard reintroduces mouse buttons
 720 (which is missing from the X240), and is working fairly well with
 721 Debian Sid/Unstable according to
 722 <a href="http://www.corsac.net/X250/">Corsac.net</a>.  The reports I
 723 got on the keyboard quality are not consistent.  Some say the keyboard
 724 is good, others say it is ok, while others say it is not very good.
 725 Those with experience from X41 and and X60 agree that the X250
 726 keyboard is not as good as those trusty old laptops, and suggest I
 727 keep and fix my X230 instead of upgrading, or get a used X230 to
 728 replace it.  I'm also told that the X250 lack leds for caps lock, disk
 729 activity and battery status, which is very convenient on my X230.  I'm
 730 also told that the CPU fan is running very often, making it a bit
 731 noisy.  In any case, the X250 do not work out of the box with Debian
 732 Stable/Jessie, one of my requirements.</p>
 733
 734 <p>I have also gotten a few vendor proposals, one was
 735 <a href="http://pro-star.com">Pro-Star</a>, another was
 736 <a href="http://shop.gluglug.org.uk/product/libreboot-x200/">Libreboot</a>.
 737 The latter look very attractive to me.</p>
 738
 739 <p>Again, thank you all for the very useful feedback.  It help a lot
 740 as I keep looking for a replacement.</p>
 741
 742 <p>Update 2015-07-06: I was recommended to check out the
 743 <a href="">lapstore.de</a> web shop for used laptops.  They got several
 744 different
 745 <a href="http://www.lapstore.de/f.php/shop/lapstore/f/411/lang/x/kw/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X_Serie/">old
 746 thinkpad X models</a>, and provide one year warranty.</p>
 747 </div>
 748       <div class="tags">
 749
 750
 751         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 752
 753
 754       </div>
 755     </div>
 756     <div class="padding"></div>
 757
 758     <div class="entry">
 759       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Time_to_find_a_new_laptop__as_the_old_one_is_broken_after_only_two_years.html">Time to find a new laptop, as the old one is broken after only two years</a></div>
 760       <div class="date"> 3rd July 2015</div>
 761       <div class="body"><p>My primary work horse laptop is failing, and will need a
 762 replacement soon.  The left 5 cm of the screen on my Thinkpad X230
 763 started flickering yesterday, and I suspect the cause is a broken
 764 cable, as changing the angle of the screen some times get rid of the
 765 flickering.</p>
 766
 767 <p>My requirements have not really changed since I bought it, and is
 768 still as
 769 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">I
 770 described them in 2013</a>.  The last time I bought a laptop, I had
 771 good help from
 772 <a href="http://www.prisjakt.no/category.php?k=353">prisjakt.no</a>
 773 where I could select at least a few of the requirements (mouse pin,
 774 wifi, weight) and go through the rest manually.  Three button mouse
 775 and a good keyboard is not available as an option, and all the three
 776 laptop models proposed today (Thinkpad X240, HP EliteBook 820 G1 and
 777 G2) lack three mouse buttons).  It is also unclear to me how good the
 778 keyboard on the HP EliteBooks are.  I hope Lenovo have not messed up
 779 the keyboard, even if the quality and robustness in the X series have
 780 deteriorated since X41.</p>
 781
 782 <p>I wonder how I can find a sensible laptop when none of the options
 783 seem sensible to me?  Are there better services around to search the
 784 set of available laptops for features?  Please send me an email if you
 785 have suggestions.</p>
 786
 787 <p>Update 2015-07-23: I got a suggestion to check out the FSF
 788 <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/respects-your-freedom">list
 789 of endorsed hardware</a>, which is useful background information.</p>
 790 </div>
 791       <div class="tags">
 792
 793
 794         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 795
 796
 797       </div>
 798     </div>
 799     <div class="padding"></div>
 800
 801     <div class="entry">
 802       <div class="title"><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/MakerCon_Nordic_videos_now_available_on_Frikanalen.html">MakerCon Nordic videos now available on Frikanalen</a></div>
 803       <div class="date"> 2nd July 2015</div>
 804       <div class="body"><p>Last oktober I was involved on behalf of
 805 <a href="http://www.nuug.no/">NUUG</a> with recording the talks at
 806 <a href="http://www.makercon.no/">MakerCon Nordic</a>, a conference for
 807 the Maker movement.  Since then it has been the plan to publish the
 808 recordings on <a href="http://www.frikanalen.no/">Frikanalen</a>, which
 809 finally happened the last few days.  A few talks are missing because
 810 the speakers asked the organizers to not publish them, but most of the
 811 talks are available.  The talks are being broadcasted on RiksTV
 812 channel 50 and using multicast on Uninett, as well as being available
 813 from the Frikanalen web site.  The unedited recordings are
 814 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MakerConNordic/">available on
 815 Youtube too</a>.</p>
 816
 817 <p>This is the list of talks available at the moment.  Visit the
 818 <a href="http://beta.frikanalen.no/video/?q=makercon">Frikanalen video
 819 pages</a> to view them.</p>
 820
 821 <ul>
 822
 823   <li>Evolutionary algorithms as a design tool - from art
 824       to robotics (Kyrre Glette)</li>
 825
 826   <li>Make and break (Hans Gerhard Meier)</li>
 827
 828   <li>Making a one year school course for young makers
 829       (Olav Helland)</li>
 830
 831   <li>Innovation Inspiration - IPR Databases as a Source of
 832       Inspiration (Hege Langlo)</li>
 833
 834   <li>Making a toy for makers (Erik Torstensson)</li>
 835
 836   <li>How to make 3D printer electronics (Elias Bakken)</li>
 837
 838   <li>Hovering Clouds: Looking at online tool offerings for Product
 839       Design and 3D Printing (William Kempton)</li>
 840
 841   <li>Travelling maker stories (Øyvind Nydal Dahl)</li>
 842
 843   <li>Making the first Maker Faire in Sweden (Nils Olander)</li>
 844
 845   <li>Breaking the mold: Printing 1000’s of parts (Espen Sivertsen)</li>
 846
 847   <li>Ultimaker — and open source 3D printing (Erik de Bruijn)</li>
 848
 849   <li>Autodesk’s 3D Printing Platform: Sparking innovation (Hilde
 850       Sevens)</li>
 851
 852   <li>How Making is Changing the World – and How You Can Too!
 853       (Jennifer Turliuk)</li>
 854
 855   <li>Open-Source Adventuring: OpenROV, OpenExplorer and the Future of
 856       Connected Exploration (David Lang)</li>
 857
 858   <li>Making in Norway (Haakon Karlsen Jr., Graham Hayward and Jens
 859       Dyvik)</li>
 860
 861   <li>The Impact of the Maker Movement (Mike Senese)</li>
 862
 863 </ul>
 864
 865 <p>Part of the reason this took so long was that the scripts NUUG had
 866 to prepare a recording for publication were five years old and no
 867 longer worked with the current video processing tools (command line
 868 argument changes).  In addition, we needed better audio normalization,
 869 which sent me on a detour to
 870 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Measuring_and_adjusting_the_loudness_of_a_TV_channel_using_bs1770gain.html">package
 871 bs1770gain for Debian</a>.  Now this is in place and it became a lot
 872 easier to publish NUUG videos on Frikanalen.</p>
 873 </div>
 874       <div class="tags">
 875
 876
 877         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 878
 879
 880       </div>
 881     </div>
 882     <div class="padding"></div>
 883
 884     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="index.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 885     <div id="sidebar">
 886
 887
 888
 889 <h2>Archive</h2>
 890 <ul>
 891
 892 <li>2015
 893 <ul>
 894
 895 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 896
 897 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 898
 899 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 900
 901 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 902
 903 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 904
 905 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 906
 907 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 908
 909 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 910
 911 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 912
 913 </ul></li>
 914
 915 <li>2014
 916 <ul>
 917
 918 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 919
 920 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 921
 922 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 923
 924 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 925
 926 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 927
 928 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 929
 930 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 931
 932 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 933
 934 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 935
 936 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 937
 938 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 939
 940 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 941
 942 </ul></li>
 943
 944 <li>2013
 945 <ul>
 946
 947 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 948
 949 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 950
 951 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 952
 953 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 954
 955 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 956
 957 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 958
 959 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 960
 961 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 962
 963 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 964
 965 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 966
 967 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 968
 969 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 970
 971 </ul></li>
 972
 973 <li>2012
 974 <ul>
 975
 976 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 977
 978 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 979
 980 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 981
 982 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 983
 984 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 985
 986 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 987
 988 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 989
 990 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 991
 992 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 993
 994 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 995
 996 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 997
 998 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 999
1000 </ul></li>
1001
1002 <li>2011
1003 <ul>
1004
1005 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1006
1007 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1008
1009 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1010
1011 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1012
1013 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1014
1015 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1016
1017 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1018
1019 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1020
1021 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1022
1023 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1024
1025 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1026
1027 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1028
1029 </ul></li>
1030
1031 <li>2010
1032 <ul>
1033
1034 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1035
1036 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1037
1038 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1039
1040 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1041
1042 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1043
1044 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1045
1046 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1047
1048 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1049
1050 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1051
1052 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1053
1054 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1055
1056 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1057
1058 </ul></li>
1059
1060 <li>2009
1061 <ul>
1062
1063 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1064
1065 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1066
1067 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1068
1069 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1070
1071 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1072
1073 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1074
1075 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1076
1077 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1078
1079 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1080
1081 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1082
1083 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1084
1085 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1086
1087 </ul></li>
1088
1089 <li>2008
1090 <ul>
1091
1092 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1093
1094 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1095
1096 </ul></li>
1097
1098 </ul>
1099
1100
1101
1102 <h2>Tags</h2>
1103 <ul>
1104
1105  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1106
1107  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1108
1109  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1110
1111  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1112
1113  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (8)</a></li>
1114
1115  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (15)</a></li>
1116
1117  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1118
1119  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
1120
1121  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (112)</a></li>
1122
1123  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (153)</a></li>
1124
1125  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
1126
1127  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (15)</a></li>
1128
1129  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (17)</a></li>
1130
1131  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1132
1133  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (288)</a></li>
1134
1135  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
1136
1137  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1138
1139  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (19)</a></li>
1140
1141  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
1142
1143  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (16)</a></li>
1144
1145  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
1146
1147  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
1148
1149  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (10)</a></li>
1150
1151  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (19)</a></li>
1152
1153  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
1154
1155  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
1156
1157  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
1158
1159  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1160
1161  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
1162
1163  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (36)</a></li>
1164
1165  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (264)</a></li>
1166
1167  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (177)</a></li>
1168
1169  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (19)</a></li>
1170
1171  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1172
1173  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (53)</a></li>
1174
1175  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (86)</a></li>
1176
1177  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1178
1179  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
1180
1181  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1182
1183  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
1184
1185  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (9)</a></li>
1186
1187  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1188
1189  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1190
1191  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1192
1193  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (41)</a></li>
1194
1195  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1196
1197  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1198
1199  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (48)</a></li>
1200
1201  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1202
1203  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (9)</a></li>
1204
1205  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (33)</a></li>
1206
1207  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (2)</a></li>
1208
1209  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
1210
1211  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (8)</a></li>
1212
1213  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (54)</a></li>
1214
1215  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1216
1217  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (37)</a></li>
1218
1219 </ul>
1220
1221
1222     </div>
1223     <p style="text-align: right">
1224  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
1225 </p>
1226
1227   </body>
1228 </html>