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  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from January 2013.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/First_prototype_ready_making_hardware_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">First prototype ready making hardware easier to use in Debian</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         21st January 2013
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>Early this month I set out to try to
  33 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">improve
  34 the Debian support for pluggable hardware devices</a>.  Now my
  35 prototype is working, and it is ready for a larger audience.  To test
  36 it, fetch the
  37 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">source
  38 from the Debian Edu subversion repository</a>, build and install the
  39 package.  You might have to log out and in again activate the
  40 autostart script.</p>
  41
  42 <p>The design is simple:</p>
  43
  44 <ul>
  45
  46 <li>Add desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ causing a program
  47 hw-support-handlerd to start when the user log in.</li>
  48
  49 <li>This program listen for kernel events about new hardware (directly
  50 from the kernel like udev does), not using HAL dbus events as I
  51 initially did.</li>
  52
  53 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware modalias in
  54 the APT database, a database
  55 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=markup">available
  56 via HTTP</a> and a database available as part of the package.</li>
  57
  58 <li>If a package is mapped to the hardware in question, the package
  59 isn't installed yet and this is the first time the hardware was
  60 plugged in, show a desktop notification suggesting to install the
  61 package or packages.</li>
  62
  63 <li>If the user click on the 'install package now' button, ask
  64 aptdaemon via the PackageKit API to install the requrired package.</li>
  65
  66 <li>aptdaemon ask for root password or sudo password, and install the
  67 package while showing progress information in a window.</li>
  68
  69 </ul>
  70
  71 <p>I still need to come up with a better name for the system.  Here
  72 are some screen shots showing the prototype in action.  First the
  73 notification, then the password request, and finally the request to
  74 approve all the dependencies.  Sorry for the Norwegian Bokmål GUI.</p>
  75
  76 <p><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-1-notification.png">
  77 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-2-password.png">
  78 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-3-dependencies.png">
  79 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-4-installing.png">
  80 <br><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-21-hw-support-5-installing-details.png" width="70%"></p>
  81
  82 <p>The prototype still need to be improved with longer timeouts, but
  83 is already useful.  The database of hardware to package mappings also
  84 need more work.  It is currently compatible with the Ubuntu way of
  85 storing such information in the package control file, but could be
  86 changed to use other formats instead or in addition to the current
  87 method.  I've dropped the use of discover for this mapping, as the
  88 modalias approach is more flexible and easier to use on Linux as long
  89 as the Linux kernel expose its modalias strings directly.</p>
  90
  91 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-21 16:50</strong>: Due to popular demand,
  92 here is the command required to check out and build the source: Use
  93 '<tt>svn checkout
  94 svn://svn.debian.org/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/; cd
  95 hw-support-handler; debuild</tt>'.  If you lack debuild, install the
  96 devscripts package.</p>
  97
  98       </div>
  99       <div class="tags">
 100
 101
 102         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 103
 104
 105       </div>
 106     </div>
 107     <div class="padding"></div>
 108
 109     <div class="entry">
 110       <div class="title">
 111         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Thank_you_Thinkpad_X41__for_your_long_and_trustworthy_service.html">Thank you Thinkpad X41, for your long and trustworthy service</a>
 112       </div>
 113       <div class="date">
 114         19th January 2013
 115       </div>
 116       <div class="body">
 117         <p>This Christmas my trusty old laptop died.  It died quietly and
 118 suddenly in bed.  With a quiet whimper, it went completely quiet and
 119 black.  The power button was no longer able to turn it on.  It was a
 120 IBM Thinkpad X41, and the best laptop I ever had.  Better than both
 121 Thinkpads X30, X31, X40, X60, X61 and X61S.  Far better than the
 122 Compaq I had before that.  Now I need to find a replacement.  To keep
 123 going during Christmas, I moved the one year old SSD disk to my old
 124 X40 where it fitted (only one I had left that could use it), but it is
 125 not a durable solution.
 126
 127 <p>My laptop needs are fairly modest.  This is my wishlist from when I
 128 got a new one more than 10 years ago.  It still holds true.:)</p>
 129
 130 <ul>
 131
 132 <li>Lightweight (around 1 kg) and small volume (preferably smaller
 133   than A4).</li>
 134 <li>Robust, it will be in my backpack every day.</li>
 135 <li>Three button mouse and a mouse pin instead of touch pad.</li>
 136 <li>Long battery life time.  Preferable a week.</li>
 137 <li>Internal WIFI network card.</li>
 138 <li>Internal Twisted Pair network card.</li>
 139 <li>Some USB slots (2-3 is plenty)</li>
 140 <li>Good keyboard - similar to the Thinkpad.</li>
 141 <li>Video resolution at least 1024x768, with size around 12" (A4 paper
 142 size).</li>
 143 <li>Hardware supported by Debian Stable, ie the default kernel and
 144   X.org packages.</li>
 145 <li>Quiet, preferably fan free (or at least not using the fan most of
 146   the time).
 147
 148 </ul>
 149
 150 <p>You will notice that there are no RAM and CPU requirements in the
 151 list.  The reason is simply that the specifications on laptops the
 152 last 10-15 years have been sufficient for my needs, and I have to look
 153 at other features to choose my laptop.  But are there still made as
 154 robust laptops as my X41?  The Thinkpad X60/X61 proved to be less
 155 robust, and Thinkpads seem to be heading in the wrong direction since
 156 Lenovo took over.  But I've been told that X220 and X1 Carbon might
 157 still be useful.</p>
 158
 159 <p>Perhaps I should rethink my needs, and look for a pad with an
 160 external keyboard?  I'll have to check the
 161 <a href="http://www.linux-laptop.net/">Linux Laptops site</a> for
 162 well-supported laptops, or perhaps just buy one preinstalled from one
 163 of the vendors listed on the <a href="http://linuxpreloaded.com/">Linux
 164 Pre-loaded site</a>.</p>
 165
 166       </div>
 167       <div class="tags">
 168
 169
 170         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 171
 172
 173       </div>
 174     </div>
 175     <div class="padding"></div>
 176
 177     <div class="entry">
 178       <div class="title">
 179         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/How_to_find_a_browser_plugin_supporting_a_given_MIME_type.html">How to find a browser plugin supporting a given MIME type</a>
 180       </div>
 181       <div class="date">
 182         18th January 2013
 183       </div>
 184       <div class="body">
 185         <p>Some times I try to figure out which Iceweasel browser plugin to
 186 install to get support for a given MIME type.  Thanks to
 187 <a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MozillaTeam/Plugins">specifications
 188 done by Ubuntu</a> and Mozilla, it is possible to do this in Debian.
 189 Unfortunately, not very many packages provide the needed meta
 190 information, Anyway, here is a small script to look up all browser
 191 plugin packages announcing ther MIME support using this specification:</p>
 192
 193 <pre>
 194 #!/usr/bin/python
 195 import sys
 196 import apt
 197 def pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 198     cache = apt.Cache()
 199     cache.open(None)
 200     thepkgs = []
 201     for pkg in cache:
 202         version = pkg.candidate
 203         if version is None:
 204             version = pkg.installed
 205         if version is None:
 206             continue
 207         record = version.record
 208         if not record.has_key('Npp-MimeType'):
 209             continue
 210         mime_types = record['Npp-MimeType'].split(',')
 211         for t in mime_types:
 212             t = t.rstrip().strip()
 213             if t == mimetype:
 214                 thepkgs.append(pkg.name)
 215     return thepkgs
 216 mimetype = "audio/ogg"
 217 if 1 < len(sys.argv):
 218     mimetype = sys.argv[1]
 219 print "Browser plugin packages supporting %s:" % mimetype
 220 for pkg in pkgs_handling_mimetype(mimetype):
 221     print "  %s" %pkg
 222 </pre>
 223
 224 <p>It can be used like this to look up a given MIME type:</p>
 225
 226 <pre>
 227 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype
 228 Browser plugin packages supporting audio/ogg:
 229   gecko-mediaplayer
 230 % ./apt-find-browserplug-for-mimetype application/x-shockwave-flash
 231 Browser plugin packages supporting application/x-shockwave-flash:
 232   browser-plugin-gnash
 233 %
 234 </pre>
 235
 236 <p>In Ubuntu this mechanism is combined with support in the browser
 237 itself to query for plugins and propose to install the needed
 238 packages.  It would be great if Debian supported such feature too.  Is
 239 anyone working on adding it?</p>
 240
 241 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-18 14:20</strong>: The Debian BTS
 242 request for icweasel support for this feature is
 243 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/484010">#484010</a> from 2008 (and
 244 <a href="http://bugs.debian.org/698426">#698426</a> from today).  Lack
 245 of manpower and wish for a different design is the reason thus feature
 246 is not yet in iceweasel from Debian.</p>
 247
 248       </div>
 249       <div class="tags">
 250
 251
 252         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 253
 254
 255       </div>
 256     </div>
 257     <div class="padding"></div>
 258
 259     <div class="entry">
 260       <div class="title">
 261         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian?</a>
 262       </div>
 263       <div class="date">
 264         16th January 2013
 265       </div>
 266       <div class="body">
 267         <p>The <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/AppStreamDebianProposal">DEP-11
 268 proposal to add AppStream information to the Debian archive</a>, is a
 269 proposal to make it possible for a Desktop application to propose to
 270 the user some package to install to gain support for a given MIME
 271 type, font, library etc. that is currently missing.  With such
 272 mechanism in place, it would be possible for the desktop to
 273 automatically propose and install leocad if some LDraw file is
 274 downloaded by the browser.</p>
 275
 276 <p>To get some idea about the current content of the archive, I decided
 277 to write a simple program to extract all .desktop files from the
 278 Debian archive and look up the claimed MIME support there.  The result
 279 can be found on the
 280 <a href="http://ftp.skolelinux.org/pub/AppStreamTest">Skolelinux FTP
 281 site</a>.  Using the collected information, it become possible to
 282 answer the question in the title.  Here are the 20 most supported MIME
 283 types in Debian stable (Squeeze), testing (Wheezy) and unstable (Sid).
 284 The complete list is available from the link above.</p>
 285
 286 <p><strong>Debian Stable:</strong></p>
 287
 288 <pre>
 289   count MIME type
 290   ----- -----------------------
 291      32 text/plain
 292      30 audio/mpeg
 293      29 image/png
 294      28 image/jpeg
 295      27 application/ogg
 296      26 audio/x-mp3
 297      25 image/tiff
 298      25 image/gif
 299      22 image/bmp
 300      22 audio/x-wav
 301      20 audio/x-flac
 302      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 303      18 video/x-ms-asf
 304      18 audio/x-musepack
 305      18 audio/x-mpeg
 306      18 application/x-ogg
 307      17 video/mpeg
 308      17 audio/x-scpls
 309      17 audio/ogg
 310      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 311 </pre>
 312
 313 <p><strong>Debian Testing:</strong></p>
 314
 315 <pre>
 316   count MIME type
 317   ----- -----------------------
 318      33 text/plain
 319      32 image/png
 320      32 image/jpeg
 321      29 audio/mpeg
 322      27 image/gif
 323      26 image/tiff
 324      26 application/ogg
 325      25 audio/x-mp3
 326      22 image/bmp
 327      21 audio/x-wav
 328      19 audio/x-mpegurl
 329      19 audio/x-mpeg
 330      18 video/mpeg
 331      18 audio/x-scpls
 332      18 audio/x-flac
 333      18 application/x-ogg
 334      17 video/x-ms-asf
 335      17 text/html
 336      17 audio/x-musepack
 337      16 image/x-xbitmap
 338 </pre>
 339
 340 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 341
 342 <pre>
 343   count MIME type
 344   ----- -----------------------
 345      31 text/plain
 346      31 image/png
 347      31 image/jpeg
 348      29 audio/mpeg
 349      28 application/ogg
 350      27 image/gif
 351      26 image/tiff
 352      26 audio/x-mp3
 353      23 audio/x-wav
 354      22 image/bmp
 355      21 audio/x-flac
 356      20 audio/x-mpegurl
 357      19 audio/x-mpeg
 358      18 video/x-ms-asf
 359      18 video/mpeg
 360      18 audio/x-scpls
 361      18 application/x-ogg
 362      17 audio/x-musepack
 363      16 video/x-ms-wmv
 364      16 video/x-msvideo
 365 </pre>
 366
 367 <p>I am told that PackageKit can provide an API to access the kind of
 368 information mentioned in DEP-11.  I have not yet had time to look at
 369 it, but hope the PackageKit people in Debian are on top of these
 370 issues.</p>
 371
 372 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-16 13:35</strong>: Updated numbers after
 373 discovering a typo in my script.</p>
 374
 375       </div>
 376       <div class="tags">
 377
 378
 379         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 380
 381
 382       </div>
 383     </div>
 384     <div class="padding"></div>
 385
 386     <div class="entry">
 387       <div class="title">
 388         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Using_modalias_info_to_find_packages_handling_my_hardware.html">Using modalias info to find packages handling my hardware</a>
 389       </div>
 390       <div class="date">
 391         15th January 2013
 392       </div>
 393       <div class="body">
 394         <p>Yesterday, I wrote about the
 395 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">modalias
 396 values provided by the Linux kernel</a> following my hope for
 397 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">better
 398 dongle support in Debian</a>.  Using this knowledge, I have tested how
 399 modalias values attached to package names can be used to map packages
 400 to hardware.  This allow the system to look up and suggest relevant
 401 packages when I plug in some new hardware into my machine, and replace
 402 discover and discover-data as the database used to map hardware to
 403 packages.</p>
 404
 405 <p>I create a modaliases file with entries like the following,
 406 containing package name, kernel module name (if relevant, otherwise
 407 the package name) and globs matching the relevant hardware
 408 modalias.</p>
 409
 410 <p><blockquote>
 411 Package: package-name
 412 <br>Modaliases: module(modaliasglob, modaliasglob, modaliasglob)</p>
 413 </blockquote></p>
 414
 415 <p>It is fairly trivial to write code to find the relevant packages
 416 for a given modalias value using this file.</p>
 417
 418 <p>An entry like this would suggest the video and picture application
 419 cheese for many USB web cameras (interface bus class 0E01):</p>
 420
 421 <p><blockquote>
 422 Package: cheese
 423 <br>Modaliases: cheese(usb:v*p*d*dc*dsc*dp*ic0Eisc01ip*)</p>
 424 </blockquote></p>
 425
 426 <p>An entry like this would suggest the pcmciautils package when a
 427 CardBus bridge (bus class 0607) PCI device is present:</p>
 428
 429 <p><blockquote>
 430 Package: pcmciautils
 431 <br>Modaliases: pcmciautils(pci:v*d*sv*sd*bc06sc07i*)
 432 </blockquote></p>
 433
 434 <p>An entry like this would suggest the package colorhug-client when
 435 plugging in a ColorHug with USB IDs 04D8:F8DA:</p>
 436
 437 <p><blockquote>
 438 Package: colorhug-client
 439 <br>Modaliases: colorhug-client(usb:v04D8pF8DAd*)</p>
 440 </blockquote></p>
 441
 442 <p>I believe the format is compatible with the format of the Packages
 443 file in the Debian archive.  Ubuntu already uses their Packages file
 444 to store their mappings from packages to hardware.</p>
 445
 446 <p>By adding a XB-Modaliases: header in debian/control, any .deb can
 447 announce the hardware it support in a way my prototype understand.
 448 This allow those publishing packages in an APT source outside the
 449 Debian archive as well as those backporting packages to make sure the
 450 hardware mapping are included in the package meta information.  I've
 451 tested such header in the pymissile package, and its modalias mapping
 452 is working as it should with my prototype.  It even made it to Ubuntu
 453 Raring.</p>
 454
 455 <p>To test if it was possible to look up supported hardware using only
 456 the shell tools available in the Debian installer, I wrote a shell
 457 implementation of the lookup code.  The idea is to create files for
 458 each modalias and let the shell do the matching.  Please check out and
 459 try the
 460 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/hw-support-lookup?view=co">hw-support-lookup</a>
 461 shell script.  It run without any extra dependencies and fetch the
 462 hardware mappings from the Debian archive and the subversion
 463 repository where I currently work on my prototype.</p>
 464
 465 <p>When I use it on a machine with a yubikey inserted, it suggest to
 466 install yubikey-personalization:</p>
 467
 468 <p><blockquote>
 469 % ./hw-support-lookup
 470 <br>yubikey-personalization
 471 <br>%
 472 </blockquote></p>
 473
 474 <p>When I run it on my Thinkpad X40 with a PCMCIA/CardBus slot, it
 475 propose to install the pcmciautils package:</p>
 476
 477 <p><blockquote>
 478 % ./hw-support-lookup
 479 <br>pcmciautils
 480 <br>%
 481 </blockquote></p>
 482
 483 <p>If you know of any hardware-package mapping that should be added to
 484 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/modaliases?view=co">my
 485 database</a>, please tell me about it.</p>
 486
 487 <p>It could be possible to generate several of the mappings between
 488 packages and hardware.  One source would be to look at packages with
 489 kernel modules, ie packages with *.ko files in /lib/modules/, and
 490 extract their modalias information.  Another would be to look at
 491 packages with udev rules, ie packages with files in
 492 /lib/udev/rules.d/, and extract their vendor/model information to
 493 generate a modalias matching rule.  I have not tested any of these to
 494 see if it work.</p>
 495
 496 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 497 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 498 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 499 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 500
 501       </div>
 502       <div class="tags">
 503
 504
 505         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 506
 507
 508       </div>
 509     </div>
 510     <div class="padding"></div>
 511
 512     <div class="entry">
 513       <div class="title">
 514         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Modalias_strings___a_practical_way_to_map__stuff__to_hardware.html">Modalias strings - a practical way to map "stuff" to hardware</a>
 515       </div>
 516       <div class="date">
 517         14th January 2013
 518       </div>
 519       <div class="body">
 520         <p>While looking into how to look up Debian packages based on hardware
 521 information, to find the packages that support a given piece of
 522 hardware, I refreshed my memory regarding modalias values, and decided
 523 to document the details.  Here are my findings so far, also available
 524 in
 525 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 526 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>:
 527
 528 <p><strong>Modalias decoded</strong></p>
 529
 530 <p>This document try to explain what the different types of modalias
 531 values stands for.  It is in part based on information from
 532 &lt;URL: <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias">https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Modalias</a> &gt;,
 533 &lt;URL: <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device">http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/26132/how-to-assign-usb-driver-to-device</a> &gt;,
 534 &lt;URL: <a href="http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c">http://code.metager.de/source/history/linux/stable/scripts/mod/file2alias.c</a> &gt; and
 535 &lt;URL: <a href="http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup">http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/dmidecode/dmidecode.c?root=dmidecode&view=markup</a> &gt;.
 536
 537 <p>The modalias entries for a given Linux machine can be found using
 538 this shell script:</p>
 539
 540 <pre>
 541 find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u
 542 </pre>
 543
 544 <p>The supported modalias globs for a given kernel module can be found
 545 using modinfo:</p>
 546
 547 <pre>
 548 % /sbin/modinfo psmouse | grep alias:
 549 alias:          serio:ty05pr*id*ex*
 550 alias:          serio:ty01pr*id*ex*
 551 %
 552 </pre>
 553
 554 <p><strong>PCI subtype</strong></p>
 555
 556 <p>A typical PCI entry can look like this.  This is an Intel Host
 557 Bridge memory controller:</p>
 558
 559 <p><blockquote>
 560 pci:v00008086d00002770sv00001028sd000001ADbc06sc00i00
 561 </blockquote></p>
 562
 563 <p>This represent these values:</p>
 564
 565 <pre>
 566  v   00008086  (vendor)
 567  d   00002770  (device)
 568  sv  00001028  (subvendor)
 569  sd  000001AD  (subdevice)
 570  bc  06        (bus class)
 571  sc  00        (bus subclass)
 572  i   00        (interface)
 573 </pre>
 574
 575 <p>The vendor/device values are the same values outputted from 'lspci
 576 -n' as 8086:2770.  The bus class/subclass is also shown by lspci as
 577 0600.  The 0600 class is a host bridge.  Other useful bus values are
 578 0300 (VGA compatible card) and 0200 (Ethernet controller).</p>
 579
 580 <p>Not sure how to figure out the interface value, nor what it
 581 means.</p>
 582
 583 <p><strong>USB subtype</strong></p>
 584
 585 <p>Some typical USB entries can look like this.  This is an internal
 586 USB hub in a laptop:</p>
 587
 588 <p><blockquote>
 589 usb:v1D6Bp0001d0206dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00
 590 </blockquote></p>
 591
 592 <p>Here is the values included in this alias:</p>
 593
 594 <pre>
 595  v    1D6B  (device vendor)
 596  p    0001  (device product)
 597  d    0206  (bcddevice)
 598  dc     09  (device class)
 599  dsc    00  (device subclass)
 600  dp     00  (device protocol)
 601  ic     09  (interface class)
 602  isc    00  (interface subclass)
 603  ip     00  (interface protocol)
 604 </pre>
 605
 606 <p>The 0900 device class/subclass means hub.  Some times the relevant
 607 class is in the interface class section.  For a simple USB web camera,
 608 these alias entries show up:</p>
 609
 610 <p><blockquote>
 611 usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc01ip00
 612 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic01isc02ip00
 613 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc01ip00
 614 <br>usb:v0AC8p3420d5000dcEFdsc02dp01ic0Eisc02ip00
 615 </blockquote></p>
 616
 617 <p>Interface class 0E01 is video control, 0E02 is video streaming (aka
 618 camera), 0101 is audio control device and 0102 is audio streaming (aka
 619 microphone).  Thus this is a camera with microphone included.</p>
 620
 621 <p><strong>ACPI subtype</strong></p>
 622
 623 <p>The ACPI type is used for several non-PCI/USB stuff.  This is an IR
 624 receiver in a Thinkpad X40:</p>
 625
 626 <p><blockquote>
 627 acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 628 </blockquote></p>
 629
 630 <p>The values between the colons are IDs.</p>
 631
 632 <p><strong>DMI subtype</strong></p>
 633
 634 <p>The DMI table contain lots of information about the computer case
 635 and model.  This is an entry for a IBM Thinkpad X40, fetched from
 636 /sys/devices/virtual/dmi/id/modalias:</p>
 637
 638 <p><blockquote>
 639 dmi:bvnIBM:bvr1UETB6WW(1.66):bd06/15/2005:svnIBM:pn2371H4G:pvrThinkPadX40:rvnIBM:rn2371H4G:rvrNotAvailable:cvnIBM:ct10:cvrNotAvailable:
 640 </blockquote></p>
 641
 642 <p>The values present are</p>
 643
 644 <pre>
 645  bvn  IBM            (BIOS vendor)
 646  bvr  1UETB6WW(1.66) (BIOS version)
 647  bd   06/15/2005     (BIOS date)
 648  svn  IBM            (system vendor)
 649  pn   2371H4G        (product name)
 650  pvr  ThinkPadX40    (product version)
 651  rvn  IBM            (board vendor)
 652  rn   2371H4G        (board name)
 653  rvr  NotAvailable   (board version)
 654  cvn  IBM            (chassis vendor)
 655  ct   10             (chassis type)
 656  cvr  NotAvailable   (chassis version)
 657 </pre>
 658
 659 <p>The chassis type 10 is Notebook.  Other interesting values can be
 660 found in the dmidecode source:</p>
 661
 662 <pre>
 663   3 Desktop
 664   4 Low Profile Desktop
 665   5 Pizza Box
 666   6 Mini Tower
 667   7 Tower
 668   8 Portable
 669   9 Laptop
 670  10 Notebook
 671  11 Hand Held
 672  12 Docking Station
 673  13 All In One
 674  14 Sub Notebook
 675  15 Space-saving
 676  16 Lunch Box
 677  17 Main Server Chassis
 678  18 Expansion Chassis
 679  19 Sub Chassis
 680  20 Bus Expansion Chassis
 681  21 Peripheral Chassis
 682  22 RAID Chassis
 683  23 Rack Mount Chassis
 684  24 Sealed-case PC
 685  25 Multi-system
 686  26 CompactPCI
 687  27 AdvancedTCA
 688  28 Blade
 689  29 Blade Enclosing
 690 </pre>
 691
 692 <p>The chassis type values are not always accurately set in the DMI
 693 table.  For example my home server is a tower, but the DMI modalias
 694 claim it is a desktop.</p>
 695
 696 <p><strong>SerIO subtype</strong></p>
 697
 698 <p>This type is used for PS/2 mouse plugs.  One example is from my
 699 test machine:</p>
 700
 701 <p><blockquote>
 702 serio:ty01pr00id00ex00
 703 </blockquote></p>
 704
 705 <p>The values present are</p>
 706
 707 <pre>
 708   ty  01  (type)
 709   pr  00  (prototype)
 710   id  00  (id)
 711   ex  00  (extra)
 712 </pre>
 713
 714 <p>This type is supported by the psmouse driver.  I am not sure what
 715 the valid values are.</p>
 716
 717 <p><strong>Other subtypes</strong></p>
 718
 719 <p>There are heaps of other modalias subtypes according to
 720 file2alias.c.  There is the rest of the list from that source: amba,
 721 ap, bcma, ccw, css, eisa, hid, i2c, ieee1394, input, ipack, isapnp,
 722 mdio, of, parisc, pcmcia, platform, scsi, sdio, spi, ssb, vio, virtio,
 723 vmbus, x86cpu and zorro.  I did not spend time documenting all of
 724 these, as they do not seem relevant for my intended use with mapping
 725 hardware to packages when new stuff is inserted during run time.</p>
 726
 727 <p><strong>Looking up kernel modules using modalias values</strong></p>
 728
 729 <p>To check which kernel modules provide support for a given modalias,
 730 one can use the following shell script:</p>
 731
 732 <pre>
 733   for id in $(find /sys -name modalias -print0 | xargs -0 cat | sort -u); do \
 734     echo "$id" ; \
 735     /sbin/modprobe --show-depends "$id"|sed 's/^/  /' ; \
 736   done
 737 </pre>
 738
 739 <p>The output can look like this (only the first few entries as the
 740 list is very long on my test machine):</p>
 741
 742 <pre>
 743   acpi:ACPI0003:
 744     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/acpi/ac.ko
 745   acpi:device:
 746   FATAL: Module acpi:device: not found.
 747   acpi:IBM0068:
 748     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/char/nvram.ko
 749     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/leds/led-class.ko
 750     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/rfkill/rfkill.ko
 751     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/platform/x86/thinkpad_acpi.ko
 752   acpi:IBM0071:PNP0511:
 753     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/lib/crc-ccitt.ko
 754     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/net/irda/irda.ko
 755     insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-686/kernel/drivers/net/irda/nsc-ircc.ko
 756   [...]
 757 </pre>
 758
 759 <p>If you want to help implementing a system to let us propose what
 760 packages to install when new hardware is plugged into a Debian
 761 machine, please send me an email or talk to me on
 762 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-devel">#debian-devel</a>.</p>
 763
 764 <p><strong>Update 2013-01-15:</strong> Rewrite "cat $(find ...)" to
 765 "find ... -print0 | xargs -0 cat" to make sure it handle directories
 766 in /sys/ with space in them.</p>
 767
 768       </div>
 769       <div class="tags">
 770
 771
 772         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 773
 774
 775       </div>
 776     </div>
 777     <div class="padding"></div>
 778
 779     <div class="entry">
 780       <div class="title">
 781         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Moved_the_pymissile_Debian_packaging_to_collab_maint.html">Moved the pymissile Debian packaging to collab-maint</a>
 782       </div>
 783       <div class="date">
 784         10th January 2013
 785       </div>
 786       <div class="body">
 787         <p>As part of my investigation on how to improve the support in Debian
 788 for hardware dongles, I dug up my old Mark and Spencer USB Rocket
 789 Launcher and updated the Debian package
 790 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/pymissile">pymissile</a> to make
 791 sure udev will fix the device permissions when it is plugged in.  I
 792 also added a "Modaliases" header to test it in the Debian archive and
 793 hopefully make the package be proposed by jockey in Ubuntu when a user
 794 plug in his rocket launcher.  In the process I moved the source to a
 795 git repository under collab-maint, to make it easier for any DD to
 796 contribute.  <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pymissile/">Upstream</a>
 797 is not very active, but the software still work for me even after five
 798 years of relative silence.  The new git repository is not listed in
 799 the uploaded package yet, because I want to test the other changes a
 800 bit more before I upload the new version.  If you want to check out
 801 the new version with a .desktop file included, visit the
 802 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/gitweb/?p=collab-maint/pymissile.git">gitweb
 803 view</a> or use "<tt>git clone
 804 git://anonscm.debian.org/collab-maint/pymissile.git</tt>".</p>
 805
 806       </div>
 807       <div class="tags">
 808
 809
 810         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 811
 812
 813       </div>
 814     </div>
 815     <div class="padding"></div>
 816
 817     <div class="entry">
 818       <div class="title">
 819         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lets_make_hardware_dongles_easier_to_use_in_Debian.html">Lets make hardware dongles easier to use in Debian</a>
 820       </div>
 821       <div class="date">
 822          9th January 2013
 823       </div>
 824       <div class="body">
 825         <p>One thing that annoys me with Debian and Linux distributions in
 826 general, is that there is a great package management system with the
 827 ability to automatically install software packages by downloading them
 828 from the distribution mirrors, but no way to get it to automatically
 829 install the packages I need to use the hardware I plug into my
 830 machine.  Even if the package to use it is easily available from the
 831 Linux distribution.  When I plug in a LEGO Mindstorms NXT, it could
 832 suggest to automatically install the python-nxt, nbc and t2n packages
 833 I need to talk to it.  When I plug in a Yubikey, it could propose the
 834 yubikey-personalization package.  The information required to do this
 835 is available, but no-one have pulled all the pieces together.</p>
 836
 837 <p>Some years ago, I proposed to
 838 <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2010/05/msg01206.html">use
 839 the discover subsystem to implement this</a>.  The idea is fairly
 840 simple:
 841
 842 <ul>
 843
 844 <li>Add a desktop entry in /usr/share/autostart/ pointing to a program
 845   starting when a user log in.</li>
 846
 847 <li>Set this program up to listen for kernel events emitted when new
 848   hardware is inserted into the computer.</li>
 849
 850 <li>When new hardware is inserted, look up the hardware ID in a
 851   database mapping to packages, and take note of any non-installed
 852   packages.</li>
 853
 854 <li>Show a message to the user proposing to install the discovered
 855   package, and make it easy to install it.</li>
 856
 857 </ul>
 858
 859 <p>I am not sure what the best way to implement this is, but my
 860 initial idea was to use dbus events to discover new hardware, the
 861 discover database to find packages and
 862 <a href="http://www.packagekit.org/">PackageKit</a> to install
 863 packages.</p>
 864
 865 <p>Yesterday, I found time to try to implement this idea, and the
 866 draft package is now checked into
 867 <a href="http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/debian-edu/trunk/src/hw-support-handler/">the
 868 Debian Edu subversion repository</a>.  In the process, I updated the
 869 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover-data.html">discover-data</a>
 870 package to map the USB ids of LEGO Mindstorms and Yubikey devices to
 871 the relevant packages in Debian, and uploaded a new version
 872 2.2013.01.09 to unstable.  I also discovered that the current
 873 <a href="http://packages.qa.debian.org/d/discover.html">discover</a>
 874 package in Debian no longer discovered any USB devices, because
 875 /proc/bus/usb/devices is no longer present.  I ported it to use
 876 libusb as a fall back option to get it working.  The fixed package
 877 version 2.1.2-6 is now in experimental (didn't upload it to unstable
 878 because of the freeze).</p>
 879
 880 <p>With this prototype in place, I can insert my Yubikey, and get this
 881 desktop notification to show up (only once, the first time it is
 882 inserted):</p>
 883
 884 <p align="center"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/images/2013-01-09-hw-autoinstall.png"></p>
 885
 886 <p>For this prototype to be really useful, some way to automatically
 887 install the proposed packages by pressing the "Please install
 888 program(s)" button should to be implemented.</p>
 889
 890 <p>If this idea seem useful to you, and you want to help make it
 891 happen, please help me update the discover-data database with mappings
 892 from hardware to Debian packages.  Check if 'discover-pkginstall -l'
 893 list the package you would like to have installed when a given
 894 hardware device is inserted into your computer, and report bugs using
 895 reportbug if it isn't.  Or, if you know of a better way to provide
 896 such mapping, please let me know.</p>
 897
 898 <p>This prototype need more work, and there are several questions that
 899 should be considered before it is ready for production use.  Is dbus
 900 the correct way to detect new hardware?  At the moment I look for HAL
 901 dbus events on the system bus, because that is the events I could see
 902 on my Debian Squeeze KDE desktop.  Are there better events to use?
 903 How should the user be notified?  Is the desktop notification
 904 mechanism the best option, or should the background daemon raise a
 905 popup instead?  How should packages be installed?  When should they
 906 not be installed?</p>
 907
 908 <p>If you want to help getting such feature implemented in Debian,
 909 please send me an email. :)</p>
 910
 911       </div>
 912       <div class="tags">
 913
 914
 915         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 916
 917
 918       </div>
 919     </div>
 920     <div class="padding"></div>
 921
 922     <div class="entry">
 923       <div class="title">
 924         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/New_IRC_channel_for_LEGO_designers_using_Debian.html">New IRC channel for LEGO designers using Debian</a>
 925       </div>
 926       <div class="date">
 927          2nd January 2013
 928       </div>
 929       <div class="body">
 930         <p>During Christmas, I have worked a bit on the Debian support for
 931 <a href="http://mindstorms.lego.com/en-us/Default.aspx">LEGO Mindstorm
 932 NXT</a>.  My son and I have played a bit with my NXT set, and I
 933 discovered I had to build all the tools myself because none were
 934 already in Debian Squeeze.  If Debian support for LEGO is something
 935 you care about, please join me on the IRC channel
 936 <a href="irc://irc.debian.org/%23debian-lego">#debian-lego</a> (server
 937 irc.debian.org).  There is a lot that could be done to improve the
 938 Debian support for LEGO designers.  For example both CAD software
 939 and Mindstorm compilers are missing. :)</p>
 940
 941 <p>Update 2012-01-03: A
 942 <a href="http://wiki.debian.org/LegoDesigners">project page</a>
 943 including links to Lego related packages is now available.</p>
 944
 945       </div>
 946       <div class="tags">
 947
 948
 949         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot</a>.
 950
 951
 952       </div>
 953     </div>
 954     <div class="padding"></div>
 955
 956     <div class="entry">
 957       <div class="title">
 958         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Lenker_for_2013_01_01.html">Lenker for 2013-01-01</a>
 959       </div>
 960       <div class="date">
 961          1st January 2013
 962       </div>
 963       <div class="body">
 964         <p>Her er noen lenker til tekster jeg har satt pris på å lese den
 965 siste måneden.</p>
 966
 967 <ul>
 968
 969 <li>2012-12-07
 970   <a href="http://www.idg.no/computerworld/article262047.ece">Myter og
 971   FUD om fri programvare</a> av min venn Christer Gundersen som
 972   kommenterer noen av de påstandene som er spredt via Computerworld
 973   Norge de siste månedene.</li>
 974
 975 <li>BankID er et opplegg der utsteder (dvs. banken eller dens
 976   leverandør) sitter på alt som trengs for å bruke BankID, men har
 977   lovet å ikke bruke den unntatt på oppdrag fra deg.  Det er greit nok
 978   for banktjenester, der banken allerede har full kontroll over
 979   resultatet, men problematisk når det gjelder tilgang til
 980   helseopplysninger og avtaleinngåelse med andre enn banken.  Jeg
 981   håper protestene brer om seg.
 982
 983   <ul>
 984
 985   <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/BankID-blottlegger-helseopplysninger-7067148.html">BankID
 986     blottlegger helseopplysninger</a></li>
 987
 988   <li>2012-12-07 <a href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.9695027">-
 989     Helseopplysningene ikke sikre med Bank-ID</a></li>
 990
 991   <li>2012-12-07
 992     <a href="https://www.bankid.no/Presse-og-nyheter/Nyhetsarkiv/2012/Papeker-alvorlige-men-kjente-utfordringer/">Påpeker
 993     alvorlige, men kjente utfordringer</a> er den offisielle
 994     holdningen til de som lager BankID.</li>
 995
 996   <li>2012-12-08
 997     <a href="http://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3419-ntnu-researcher-warns-against-security-of-bank-id-password">NTNU
 998       Researcher Warns against Security of Bank ID Password</a>
 999
1000   </ul>
1001
1002 <li>2012-12-11 <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Norske-elever-er-darligst-i-Europa-pa-algebra-7066752.html">Norske elever er dårligst i Europa på algebra</a>
1003
1004 <li>2012-12-11
1005   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Realfagsdodaren-7067173.html">Realfagsdødaren</a>
1006
1007 <li>2012-12-21
1008   <a href="http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/112/--Forventningene-er-for-hoye-2816450.html">-
1009   Noen må bli skuffet</a> - Politiet i Bergen forteller hvor lavt de
1010   prioriterer hverdagskriminalitet.</li>
1011
1012 <li>2012-05-03
1013   <a href="http://e24.no/jobb/kripos-ansatt-doemt-for-snoking-for-venn/20208585">
1014   Kripos-ansatt dømt for snoking for venn</A> - viser hvor svak
1015   reaksjonen blir når politiet misbruker innsamlet informasjon.  En
1016   forvarsel på konsekvensene av nasjonal brev- og besøkskontroll -
1017   ofte kalt Datalagringsdirektivet.</li>
1018
1019 <li>2012-12-14
1020   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/12/14/kultur/debatt/kronikk/jul/ensomhet/24838541/">Å
1021   smøre en forskjell</a> - om ensomhet og jul.</li>
1022
1023 <li>2012-12-18
1024   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/n-krise-av-gangen_-takk-7072452.html">Én
1025   krise av gangen, takk!</a>
1026
1027
1028 <li>2012-12-17
1029   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/NAV-Et-mangehodet-monster--7072165.html">NAV:
1030   Et mangehodet monster</a></li>
1031
1032 <li>2011-01-12
1033   <a href="http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/01/12/kultur/debatt/kronikk/personvern/15027203/">Pasienter
1034   uten vern</a> - forteller litt om hvordan Norsk Pasientregister og
1035   andre helseregister raderer bort pasienters privatsfære.</li>
1036
1037
1038 <li>2012-12-19
1039   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/debatt/Hvorfor-er-barnefamilier-fattige-7073951.html">Hvorfor
1040   er barnefamilier fattige?</a></li>
1041
1042 <li>2012-12-25
1043   <a href="http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/spaltister/Den-skjulte-minoriteten--konservative-kristne-i-Norge-7075518.html">Den
1044   skjulte minoriteten – konservative kristne i Norge</a> - kronikk av
1045   Bjørn Stærk fra aftenposten</li>
1046
1047 <li>2009-05-04
1048   <a href="http://deltemeninger.no/-/bulletin/show/303429_folkebiblioteket-2-0?ref=checkpoint">Folkebiblioteket
1049   2.0</a> - Min venn Sturle om opphavsrett og Internett, i debatt med
1050   Olav Torvund.</li>
1051
1052 </ul>
1053
1054 <p>Og et godt nytt år til dere alle!</p>
1055
1056       </div>
1057       <div class="tags">
1058
1059
1060         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern</a>.
1061
1062
1063       </div>
1064     </div>
1065     <div class="padding"></div>
1066
1067     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="01.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
1068     <div id="sidebar">
1069
1070
1071
1072 <h2>Archive</h2>
1073 <ul>
1074
1075 <li>2013
1076 <ul>
1077
1078 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (10)</a></li>
1079
1080 </ul></li>
1081
1082 <li>2012
1083 <ul>
1084
1085 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
1086
1087 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
1088
1089 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
1090
1091 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
1092
1093 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
1094
1095 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
1096
1097 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
1098
1099 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1100
1101 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
1102
1103 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
1104
1105 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
1106
1107 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1108
1109 </ul></li>
1110
1111 <li>2011
1112 <ul>
1113
1114 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
1115
1116 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
1117
1118 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
1119
1120 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
1121
1122 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
1123
1124 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
1125
1126 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
1127
1128 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
1129
1130 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
1131
1132 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1133
1134 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1135
1136 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
1137
1138 </ul></li>
1139
1140 <li>2010
1141 <ul>
1142
1143 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
1144
1145 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
1146
1147 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
1148
1149 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
1150
1151 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1152
1153 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
1154
1155 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
1156
1157 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
1158
1159 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
1160
1161 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
1162
1163 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
1164
1165 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
1166
1167 </ul></li>
1168
1169 <li>2009
1170 <ul>
1171
1172 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
1173
1174 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
1175
1176 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
1177
1178 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
1179
1180 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
1181
1182 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
1183
1184 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
1185
1186 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
1187
1188 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
1189
1190 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
1191
1192 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
1193
1194 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
1195
1196 </ul></li>
1197
1198 <li>2008
1199 <ul>
1200
1201 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
1202
1203 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
1204
1205 </ul></li>
1206
1207 </ul>
1208
1209
1210
1211 <h2>Tags</h2>
1212 <ul>
1213
1214  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (13)</a></li>
1215
1216  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
1217
1218  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
1219
1220  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
1221
1222  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (5)</a></li>
1223
1224  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (12)</a></li>
1225
1226  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
1227
1228  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (68)</a></li>
1229
1230  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (118)</a></li>
1231
1232  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (9)</a></li>
1233
1234  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (7)</a></li>
1235
1236  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
1237
1238  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (174)</a></li>
1239
1240  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (21)</a></li>
1241
1242  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (12)</a></li>
1243
1244  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (10)</a></li>
1245
1246  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (9)</a></li>
1247
1248  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (32)</a></li>
1249
1250  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (17)</a></li>
1251
1252  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (8)</a></li>
1253
1254  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (6)</a></li>
1255
1256  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
1257
1258  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (25)</a></li>
1259
1260  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (219)</a></li>
1261
1262  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (148)</a></li>
1263
1264  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (6)</a></li>
1265
1266  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
1267
1268  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (41)</a></li>
1269
1270  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (61)</a></li>
1271
1272  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (1)</a></li>
1273
1274  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
1275
1276  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (2)</a></li>
1277
1278  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (6)</a></li>
1279
1280  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
1281
1282  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (4)</a></li>
1283
1284  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
1285
1286  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (28)</a></li>
1287
1288  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
1289
1290  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (4)</a></li>
1291
1292  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (39)</a></li>
1293
1294  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (3)</a></li>
1295
1296  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (5)</a></li>
1297
1298  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (12)</a></li>
1299
1300  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (1)</a></li>
1301
1302  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (7)</a></li>
1303
1304  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (35)</a></li>
1305
1306  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
1307
1308  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (26)</a></li>
1309
1310 </ul>
1311
1312
1313     </div>
1314     <p style="text-align: right">
1315  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.4</a>
1316 </p>
1317
1318   </body>
1319 </html>