blog/archive/2018/07/index.html

   1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
   2           "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
   3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr">
   4   <head>
   5     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
   6     <title>Petter Reinholdtsen: entries from July 2018</title>
   7     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/style.css" />
   8     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/vim.css" />
   9     <link rel="alternate" title="RSS Feed" href="07.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
  10   </head>
  11   <body>
  12     <!-- XML FEED -->
  13     <div class="title">
  14  <h1>
  15      <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/">Petter Reinholdtsen</a>
  16
  17  </h1>
  18
  19 </div>
  20
  21
  22     <h3>Entries from July 2018.</h3>
  23
  24     <div class="entry">
  25       <div class="title">
  26         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Streaming_the_Linux_desktop_to_Kodi_using_VLC_and_RTSP.html">Streaming the Linux desktop to Kodi using VLC and RTSP</a>
  27       </div>
  28       <div class="date">
  29         12th July 2018
  30       </div>
  31       <div class="body">
  32         <p>A while back, I was asked by a friend how to stream the desktop to
  33 my projector connected to Kodi.  I sadly had to admit that I had no
  34 idea, as it was a task I never had tried.  Since then, I have been
  35 looking for a way to do so, preferable without much extra software to
  36 install on either side.  Today I found a way that seem to kind of
  37 work.  Not great, but it is a start.</p>
  38
  39 <p>I had a look at several approaches, for example
  40 <a href="https://github.com/mfoetsch/dlna_live_streaming">using uPnP
  41 DLNA as described in 2011</a>, but it required a uPnP server, fuse and
  42 local storage enough to store the stream locally.  This is not going
  43 to work well for me, lacking enough free space, and it would
  44 impossible for my friend to get working.</p>
  45
  46 <p>Next, it occurred to me that perhaps I could use VLC to create a
  47 video stream that Kodi could play.  Preferably using
  48 broadcast/multicast, to avoid having to change any setup on the Kodi
  49 side when starting such stream.  Unfortunately, the only recipe I
  50 could find using multicast used the rtp protocol, and this protocol
  51 seem to not be supported by Kodi.</p>
  52
  53 <p>On the other hand, the rtsp protocol is working!  Unfortunately I
  54 have to specify the IP address of the streaming machine in both the
  55 sending command and the file on the Kodi server.  But it is showing my
  56 desktop, and thus allow us to have a shared look on the big screen at
  57 the programs I work on.</p>
  58
  59 <p>I did not spend much time investigating codeces.  I combined the
  60 rtp and rtsp recipes from
  61 <a href="https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Command_Line_Examples/">the
  62 VLC Streaming HowTo/Command Line Examples</a>, and was able to get
  63 this working on the desktop/streaming end.</p>
  64
  65 <blockquote><pre>
  66 vlc screen:// --sout \
  67   '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{dst=projector.local,port=1234,sdp=rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp}'
  68 </pre></blockquote>
  69
  70 <p>I ssh-ed into my Kodi box and created a file like this with the
  71 same IP address:</p>
  72
  73 <blockquote><pre>
  74 echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/test.sdp \
  75   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
  76 </pre></blockquote>
  77
  78 <p>Note the 192.168.11.4 IP address is my desktops IP address.  As far
  79 as I can tell the IP must be hardcoded for this to work.  In other
  80 words, if someone elses machine is going to do the steaming, you have
  81 to update screenstream.m3u on the Kodi machine and adjust the vlc
  82 recipe.  To get started, locate the file in Kodi and select the m3u
  83 file while the VLC stream is running.  The desktop then show up in my
  84 big screen. :)</p>
  85
  86 <p>When using the same technique to stream a video file with audio,
  87 the audio quality is really bad.  No idea if the problem is package
  88 loss or bad parameters for the transcode.  I do not know VLC nor Kodi
  89 enough to tell.</p>
  90
  91 <p><strong>Update 2018-07-12</strong>: Johannes Schauer send me a few
  92 succestions and reminded me about an important step.  The "screen:"
  93 input source is only available once the vlc-plugin-access-extra
  94 package is installed on Debian.  Without it, you will see this error
  95 message: "VLC is unable to open the MRL 'screen://'.  Check the log
  96 for details."  He further found that it is possible to drop some parts
  97 of the VLC command line to reduce the amount of hardcoded information.
  98 It is also useful to consider using cvlc to avoid having the VLC
  99 window in the desktop view.  In sum, this give us this command line on
 100 the source end
 101
 102 <blockquote><pre>
 103 cvlc screen:// --sout \
 104   '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8080/}'
 105 </pre></blockquote>
 106
 107 <p>and this on the Kodi end<p>
 108
 109 <blockquote><pre>
 110 echo rtsp://192.168.11.4:8080/ \
 111   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
 112 </pre></blockquote>
 113
 114 <p>Still bad image quality, though.  But I did discover that streaming
 115 a DVD using dvdsimple:///dev/dvd as the source had excellent video and
 116 audio quality, so I guess the issue is in the input or transcoding
 117 parts, not the rtsp part.  I've tried to change the vb and ab
 118 parameters to use more bandwidth, but it did not make a
 119 difference.</p>
 120
 121 <p>I further received a suggestion from Einar Haraldseid to try using
 122 gstreamer instead of VLC, and this proved to work great!  He also
 123 provided me with the trick to get Kodi to use a multicast stream as
 124 its source.  By using this monstrous oneliner, I can stream my desktop
 125 with good video quality in reasonable framerate to the 239.255.0.1
 126 multicast address on port 1234:
 127
 128 <blockquote><pre>
 129 gst-launch-1.0 ximagesrc use-damage=0 ! video/x-raw,framerate=30/1 ! \
 130   videoconvert ! queue2 ! \
 131   x264enc bitrate=8000 speed-preset=superfast tune=zerolatency qp-min=30 \
 132   key-int-max=15 bframes=2 ! video/x-h264,profile=high ! queue2 ! \
 133   mpegtsmux alignment=7 name=mux ! rndbuffersize max=1316 min=1316 ! \
 134   udpsink host=239.255.0.1 port=1234 ttl-mc=1 auto-multicast=1 sync=0 \
 135   pulsesrc device=$(pactl list | grep -A2 'Source #' | \
 136     grep 'Name: .*\.monitor$' |  cut -d" " -f2|head -1) ! \
 137   audioconvert ! queue2 ! avenc_aac ! queue2 ! mux.
 138 </pre></blockquote>
 139
 140 <p>and this on the Kodi end<p>
 141
 142 <blockquote><pre>
 143 echo udp://@239.255.0.1:1234 \
 144   > /storage/videos/screenstream.m3u
 145 </pre></blockquote>
 146
 147 <p>Note the trick to pick a valid pulseaudio source.  It might not
 148 pick the one you need.  This approach will of course lead to trouble
 149 if more than one source uses the same multicast port and address.
 150 Note the ttl-mc=1 setting, which limit the multicast packages to the
 151 local network.  If the value is increased, your screen will be
 152 broadcasted further, one network "hop" for each increase (read up on
 153 multicast to learn more. :)!</p>
 154
 155 <p>Having cracked how to get Kodi to receive multicast streams, I
 156 could use this VLC command to stream to the same multicast address.
 157 The image quality is way better than the rtsp approach, but gstreamer
 158 seem to be doing a better job.</p>
 159
 160 <blockquote><pre>
 161 cvlc screen:// --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=800,ab=128}:rtp{mux=ts,dst=239.255.0.1,port=1234,sdp=sap}'
 162 </pre></blockquote>
 163
 164 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 165 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 166 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 167
 168       </div>
 169       <div class="tags">
 170
 171
 172         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video</a>.
 173
 174
 175       </div>
 176     </div>
 177     <div class="padding"></div>
 178
 179     <div class="entry">
 180       <div class="title">
 181         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_in_2018_.html">What is the most supported MIME type in Debian in 2018?</a>
 182       </div>
 183       <div class="date">
 184          9th July 2018
 185       </div>
 186       <div class="body">
 187         <p>Five years ago,
 188 <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/What_is_the_most_supported_MIME_type_in_Debian_.html">I
 189 measured what the most supported MIME type in Debian was</a>, by
 190 analysing the desktop files in all packages in the archive.  Since
 191 then, the DEP-11 AppStream system has been put into production, making
 192 the task a lot easier.  This made me want to repeat the measurement,
 193 to see how much things changed.  Here are the new numbers, for
 194 unstable only this time:
 195
 196 <p><strong>Debian Unstable:</strong></p>
 197
 198 <pre>
 199   count MIME type
 200   ----- -----------------------
 201      56 image/jpeg
 202      55 image/png
 203      49 image/tiff
 204      48 image/gif
 205      39 image/bmp
 206      38 text/plain
 207      37 audio/mpeg
 208      34 application/ogg
 209      33 audio/x-flac
 210      32 audio/x-mp3
 211      30 audio/x-wav
 212      30 audio/x-vorbis+ogg
 213      29 image/x-portable-pixmap
 214      27 inode/directory
 215      27 image/x-portable-bitmap
 216      27 audio/x-mpeg
 217      26 application/x-ogg
 218      25 audio/x-mpegurl
 219      25 audio/ogg
 220      24 text/html
 221 </pre>
 222
 223 <p>The list was created like this using a sid chroot: "cat
 224 /var/lib/apt/lists/*sid*_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz| zcat | awk '/^
 225 - \S+\/\S+$/ {print $2 }' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -20"</p>
 226
 227 <p>It is interesting to see how image formats have passed text/plain
 228 as the most announced supported MIME type.  These days, thanks to the
 229 AppStream system, if you run into a file format you do not know, and
 230 want to figure out which packages support the format, you can find the
 231 MIME type of the file using "file --mime &lt;filename&gt;", and then
 232 look up all packages announcing support for this format in their
 233 AppStream metadata (XML or .desktop file) using "appstreamcli
 234 what-provides mimetype &lt;mime-type&gt;.  For example if you, like
 235 me, want to know which packages support inode/directory, you can get a
 236 list like this:</p>
 237
 238 <p><blockquote><pre>
 239 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype inode/directory | grep Package: | sort
 240 Package: anjuta
 241 Package: audacious
 242 Package: baobab
 243 Package: cervisia
 244 Package: chirp
 245 Package: dolphin
 246 Package: doublecmd-common
 247 Package: easytag
 248 Package: enlightenment
 249 Package: ephoto
 250 Package: filelight
 251 Package: gwenview
 252 Package: k4dirstat
 253 Package: kaffeine
 254 Package: kdesvn
 255 Package: kid3
 256 Package: kid3-qt
 257 Package: nautilus
 258 Package: nemo
 259 Package: pcmanfm
 260 Package: pcmanfm-qt
 261 Package: qweborf
 262 Package: ranger
 263 Package: sirikali
 264 Package: spacefm
 265 Package: spacefm
 266 Package: vifm
 267 %
 268 </pre></blockquote></p>
 269
 270 <p>Using the same method, I can quickly discover that the Sketchup file
 271 format is not yet supported by any package in Debian:</p>
 272
 273 <p><blockquote><pre>
 274 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/vnd.sketchup.skp
 275 Could not find component providing 'mimetype::application/vnd.sketchup.skp'.
 276 %
 277 </pre></blockquote></p>
 278
 279 <p>Yesterday I used it to figure out which packages support the STL 3D
 280 format:</p>
 281
 282 <p><blockquote><pre>
 283 % appstreamcli what-provides mimetype  application/sla|grep Package
 284 Package: cura
 285 Package: meshlab
 286 Package: printrun
 287 %
 288 </pre></blockquote></p>
 289
 290 <p>PS: A new version of Cura was uploaded to Debian yesterday.</p>
 291
 292 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 293 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 294 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 295
 296       </div>
 297       <div class="tags">
 298
 299
 300         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram</a>.
 301
 302
 303       </div>
 304     </div>
 305     <div class="padding"></div>
 306
 307     <div class="entry">
 308       <div class="title">
 309         <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/Debian_APT_upgrade_without_enough_free_space_on_the_disk___.html">Debian APT upgrade without enough free space on the disk...</a>
 310       </div>
 311       <div class="date">
 312          8th July 2018
 313       </div>
 314       <div class="body">
 315         <p>Quite regularly, I let my Debian Sid/Unstable chroot stay untouch
 316 for a while, and when I need to update it there is not enough free
 317 space on the disk for apt to do a normal 'apt upgrade'.  I normally
 318 would resolve the issue by doing 'apt install &lt;somepackages&gt;' to
 319 upgrade only some of the packages in one batch, until the amount of
 320 packages to download fall below the amount of free space available.
 321 Today, I had about 500 packages to upgrade, and after a while I got
 322 tired of trying to install chunks of packages manually.  I concluded
 323 that I did not have the spare hours required to complete the task, and
 324 decided to see if I could automate it.  I came up with this small
 325 script which I call 'apt-in-chunks':</p>
 326
 327 <p><blockquote><pre>
 328 #!/bin/sh
 329 #
 330 # Upgrade packages when the disk is too full to upgrade every
 331 # upgradable package in one lump.  Fetching packages to upgrade using
 332 # apt, and then installing using dpkg, to avoid changing the package
 333 # flag for manual/automatic.
 334
 335 set -e
 336
 337 ignore() {
 338     if [ "$1" ]; then
 339         grep -v "$1"
 340     else
 341         cat
 342     fi
 343 }
 344
 345 for p in $(apt list --upgradable | ignore "$@" |cut -d/ -f1 | grep -v '^Listing...'); do
 346     echo "Upgrading $p"
 347     apt clean
 348     apt install --download-only -y $p
 349     for f in /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb; do
 350         if [ -e "$f" ]; then
 351             dpkg -i /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
 352             break
 353         fi
 354     done
 355 done
 356 </pre></blockquote></p>
 357
 358 <p>The script will extract the list of packages to upgrade, try to
 359 download the packages needed to upgrade one package, install the
 360 downloaded packages using dpkg.  The idea is to upgrade packages
 361 without changing the APT mark for the package (ie the one recording of
 362 the package was manually requested or pulled in as a dependency).  To
 363 use it, simply run it as root from the command line.  If it fail, try
 364 'apt install -f' to clean up the mess and run the script again.  This
 365 might happen if the new packages conflict with one of the old
 366 packages.  dpkg is unable to remove, while apt can do this.</p>
 367
 368 <p>It take one option, a package to ignore in the list of packages to
 369 upgrade.  The option to ignore a package is there to be able to skip
 370 the packages that are simply too large to unpack.  Today this was
 371 'ghc', but I have run into other large packages causing similar
 372 problems earlier (like TeX).</p>
 373
 374 <p>Update 2018-07-08: Thanks to Paul Wise, I am aware of two
 375 alternative ways to handle this.  The "unattended-upgrades
 376 --minimal-upgrade-steps" option will try to calculate upgrade sets for
 377 each package to upgrade, and then upgrade them in order, smallest set
 378 first.  It might be a better option than my above mentioned script.
 379 Also, "aptutude upgrade" can upgrade single packages, thus avoiding
 380 the need for using "dpkg -i" in the script above.</p>
 381
 382 <p>As usual, if you use Bitcoin and want to show your support of my
 383 activities, please send Bitcoin donations to my address
 384 <b><a href="bitcoin:15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b">15oWEoG9dUPovwmUL9KWAnYRtNJEkP1u1b</a></b>.</p>
 385
 386       </div>
 387       <div class="tags">
 388
 389
 390         Tags: <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian</a>, <a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english</a>.
 391
 392
 393       </div>
 394     </div>
 395     <div class="padding"></div>
 396
 397     <p style="text-align: right;"><a href="07.rss"><img src="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/xml.gif" alt="RSS Feed" width="36" height="14" /></a></p>
 398     <div id="sidebar">
 399
 400
 401
 402 <h2>Archive</h2>
 403 <ul>
 404
 405 <li>2018
 406 <ul>
 407
 408 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/01/">January (1)</a></li>
 409
 410 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/02/">February (5)</a></li>
 411
 412 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 413
 414 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 415
 416 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 417
 418 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2018/07/">July (3)</a></li>
 419
 420 </ul></li>
 421
 422 <li>2017
 423 <ul>
 424
 425 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/01/">January (4)</a></li>
 426
 427 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 428
 429 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/03/">March (5)</a></li>
 430
 431 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/04/">April (2)</a></li>
 432
 433 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/06/">June (5)</a></li>
 434
 435 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/07/">July (1)</a></li>
 436
 437 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/08/">August (1)</a></li>
 438
 439 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/09/">September (3)</a></li>
 440
 441 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/10/">October (5)</a></li>
 442
 443 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 444
 445 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2017/12/">December (4)</a></li>
 446
 447 </ul></li>
 448
 449 <li>2016
 450 <ul>
 451
 452 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/01/">January (3)</a></li>
 453
 454 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/02/">February (2)</a></li>
 455
 456 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 457
 458 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/04/">April (8)</a></li>
 459
 460 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/05/">May (8)</a></li>
 461
 462 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 463
 464 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 465
 466 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/08/">August (5)</a></li>
 467
 468 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 469
 470 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/10/">October (3)</a></li>
 471
 472 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/11/">November (8)</a></li>
 473
 474 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2016/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 475
 476 </ul></li>
 477
 478 <li>2015
 479 <ul>
 480
 481 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 482
 483 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 484
 485 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/03/">March (1)</a></li>
 486
 487 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/04/">April (4)</a></li>
 488
 489 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 490
 491 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/06/">June (4)</a></li>
 492
 493 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/07/">July (6)</a></li>
 494
 495 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 496
 497 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/09/">September (2)</a></li>
 498
 499 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 500
 501 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/11/">November (6)</a></li>
 502
 503 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2015/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 504
 505 </ul></li>
 506
 507 <li>2014
 508 <ul>
 509
 510 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 511
 512 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/02/">February (3)</a></li>
 513
 514 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/03/">March (8)</a></li>
 515
 516 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 517
 518 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/05/">May (1)</a></li>
 519
 520 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 521
 522 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/07/">July (2)</a></li>
 523
 524 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/08/">August (2)</a></li>
 525
 526 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 527
 528 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/10/">October (6)</a></li>
 529
 530 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 531
 532 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2014/12/">December (5)</a></li>
 533
 534 </ul></li>
 535
 536 <li>2013
 537 <ul>
 538
 539 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/01/">January (11)</a></li>
 540
 541 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/02/">February (9)</a></li>
 542
 543 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/03/">March (9)</a></li>
 544
 545 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/04/">April (6)</a></li>
 546
 547 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 548
 549 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/06/">June (10)</a></li>
 550
 551 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 552
 553 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 554
 555 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/09/">September (5)</a></li>
 556
 557 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/10/">October (7)</a></li>
 558
 559 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/11/">November (9)</a></li>
 560
 561 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2013/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 562
 563 </ul></li>
 564
 565 <li>2012
 566 <ul>
 567
 568 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/01/">January (7)</a></li>
 569
 570 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/02/">February (10)</a></li>
 571
 572 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/03/">March (17)</a></li>
 573
 574 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/04/">April (12)</a></li>
 575
 576 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/05/">May (12)</a></li>
 577
 578 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/06/">June (20)</a></li>
 579
 580 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/07/">July (17)</a></li>
 581
 582 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 583
 584 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/09/">September (9)</a></li>
 585
 586 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/10/">October (17)</a></li>
 587
 588 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/11/">November (10)</a></li>
 589
 590 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2012/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 591
 592 </ul></li>
 593
 594 <li>2011
 595 <ul>
 596
 597 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/01/">January (16)</a></li>
 598
 599 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/02/">February (6)</a></li>
 600
 601 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/03/">March (6)</a></li>
 602
 603 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/04/">April (7)</a></li>
 604
 605 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/05/">May (3)</a></li>
 606
 607 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/06/">June (2)</a></li>
 608
 609 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/07/">July (7)</a></li>
 610
 611 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/08/">August (6)</a></li>
 612
 613 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/09/">September (4)</a></li>
 614
 615 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 616
 617 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 618
 619 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2011/12/">December (1)</a></li>
 620
 621 </ul></li>
 622
 623 <li>2010
 624 <ul>
 625
 626 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/01/">January (2)</a></li>
 627
 628 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/02/">February (1)</a></li>
 629
 630 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/03/">March (3)</a></li>
 631
 632 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/04/">April (3)</a></li>
 633
 634 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 635
 636 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/06/">June (14)</a></li>
 637
 638 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/07/">July (12)</a></li>
 639
 640 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/08/">August (13)</a></li>
 641
 642 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/09/">September (7)</a></li>
 643
 644 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/10/">October (9)</a></li>
 645
 646 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/11/">November (13)</a></li>
 647
 648 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2010/12/">December (12)</a></li>
 649
 650 </ul></li>
 651
 652 <li>2009
 653 <ul>
 654
 655 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/01/">January (8)</a></li>
 656
 657 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/02/">February (8)</a></li>
 658
 659 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/03/">March (12)</a></li>
 660
 661 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/04/">April (10)</a></li>
 662
 663 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/05/">May (9)</a></li>
 664
 665 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/06/">June (3)</a></li>
 666
 667 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/07/">July (4)</a></li>
 668
 669 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/08/">August (3)</a></li>
 670
 671 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/09/">September (1)</a></li>
 672
 673 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/10/">October (2)</a></li>
 674
 675 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/11/">November (3)</a></li>
 676
 677 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2009/12/">December (3)</a></li>
 678
 679 </ul></li>
 680
 681 <li>2008
 682 <ul>
 683
 684 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/11/">November (5)</a></li>
 685
 686 <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/archive/2008/12/">December (7)</a></li>
 687
 688 </ul></li>
 689
 690 </ul>
 691
 692
 693
 694 <h2>Tags</h2>
 695 <ul>
 696
 697  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/3d-printer">3d-printer (16)</a></li>
 698
 699  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/amiga">amiga (1)</a></li>
 700
 701  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/aros">aros (1)</a></li>
 702
 703  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bankid">bankid (4)</a></li>
 704
 705  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bitcoin">bitcoin (9)</a></li>
 706
 707  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bootsystem">bootsystem (17)</a></li>
 708
 709  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/bsa">bsa (2)</a></li>
 710
 711  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/chrpath">chrpath (2)</a></li>
 712
 713  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian">debian (159)</a></li>
 714
 715  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian edu">debian edu (158)</a></li>
 716
 717  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/debian-handbook">debian-handbook (4)</a></li>
 718
 719  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/digistan">digistan (10)</a></li>
 720
 721  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/dld">dld (17)</a></li>
 722
 723  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/docbook">docbook (25)</a></li>
 724
 725  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/drivstoffpriser">drivstoffpriser (4)</a></li>
 726
 727  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/english">english (377)</a></li>
 728
 729  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fiksgatami">fiksgatami (23)</a></li>
 730
 731  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/fildeling">fildeling (13)</a></li>
 732
 733  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freeculture">freeculture (32)</a></li>
 734
 735  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/freedombox">freedombox (9)</a></li>
 736
 737  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/frikanalen">frikanalen (18)</a></li>
 738
 739  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/h264">h264 (20)</a></li>
 740
 741  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/intervju">intervju (42)</a></li>
 742
 743  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/isenkram">isenkram (16)</a></li>
 744
 745  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/kart">kart (20)</a></li>
 746
 747  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ldap">ldap (9)</a></li>
 748
 749  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lego">lego (4)</a></li>
 750
 751  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lenker">lenker (8)</a></li>
 752
 753  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/lsdvd">lsdvd (2)</a></li>
 754
 755  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ltsp">ltsp (1)</a></li>
 756
 757  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/mesh network">mesh network (8)</a></li>
 758
 759  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/multimedia">multimedia (41)</a></li>
 760
 761  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nice free software">nice free software (10)</a></li>
 762
 763  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/norsk">norsk (299)</a></li>
 764
 765  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/nuug">nuug (190)</a></li>
 766
 767  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/offentlig innsyn">offentlig innsyn (33)</a></li>
 768
 769  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/open311">open311 (2)</a></li>
 770
 771  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/opphavsrett">opphavsrett (71)</a></li>
 772
 773  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/personvern">personvern (107)</a></li>
 774
 775  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/raid">raid (2)</a></li>
 776
 777  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reactos">reactos (1)</a></li>
 778
 779  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/reprap">reprap (11)</a></li>
 780
 781  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rfid">rfid (3)</a></li>
 782
 783  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/robot">robot (10)</a></li>
 784
 785  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/rss">rss (1)</a></li>
 786
 787  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/ruter">ruter (6)</a></li>
 788
 789  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/scraperwiki">scraperwiki (2)</a></li>
 790
 791  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sikkerhet">sikkerhet (54)</a></li>
 792
 793  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sitesummary">sitesummary (4)</a></li>
 794
 795  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/skepsis">skepsis (5)</a></li>
 796
 797  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/standard">standard (55)</a></li>
 798
 799  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stavekontroll">stavekontroll (6)</a></li>
 800
 801  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/stortinget">stortinget (12)</a></li>
 802
 803  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/surveillance">surveillance (55)</a></li>
 804
 805  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/sysadmin">sysadmin (4)</a></li>
 806
 807  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/usenix">usenix (2)</a></li>
 808
 809  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/valg">valg (9)</a></li>
 810
 811  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/verkidetfri">verkidetfri (11)</a></li>
 812
 813  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/video">video (65)</a></li>
 814
 815  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/vitenskap">vitenskap (4)</a></li>
 816
 817  <li><a href="http://people.skolelinux.org/pere/blog/tags/web">web (41)</a></li>
 818
 819 </ul>
 820
 821
 822     </div>
 823     <p style="text-align: right">
 824  Created by <a href="http://steve.org.uk/Software/chronicle">Chronicle v4.6</a>
 825 </p>
 826
 827   </body>
 828 </html>